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Lee G, Kim K. Remediation of sediments contaminated by harmful heavy metals using aluminum sulfate: Sustainable approach for practical applications. Mar Pollut Bull 2024; 202:116345. [PMID: 38583219 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Chemical washing could be suitable for the remediation of marine sediments contaminated with harmful heavy metals. Considering green and sustainable remediation (GSR), the application of aluminum sulfate (AS) is intended to reduce the costs and environmental impacts. We extracted harmful heavy metals from manganese nodules using an ion exchange mechanism that occurs when AS dissociates in water. AS in the range from 2 % to 5 % was used. The remediation efficiencies using 5 % AS were found to be the highest, at 91.8 % for Ni and ≥ 100 % for other harmful heavy metals. The Pearson's coefficient evaluation showed that increasing elapsed time did not significantly affect the extraction of harmful heavy metals. Pollutants in post-processing products may not cause secondary pollutions if solidification/stabilization and additional treatments are used. Our results can serve as fundamental data for the actual remediation processes using AS not only for deep-sea mining tailings but also contaminated marine sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaeun Lee
- Marine Environmental Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST), 385, Haeyang-ro, Yeongdo-gu, Busan 49111, Republic of Korea; KIOST School, University of Science and Technology (UST), 385, Haeyang-ro, Yeongdo-gu, Busan 49111, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyoungrean Kim
- Marine Environmental Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST), 385, Haeyang-ro, Yeongdo-gu, Busan 49111, Republic of Korea; KIOST School, University of Science and Technology (UST), 385, Haeyang-ro, Yeongdo-gu, Busan 49111, Republic of Korea.
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Pasciucco F, Pasciucco E, Castagnoli A, Iannelli R, Pecorini I. Comparing the effects of Al-based coagulants in waste activated sludge anaerobic digestion: Methane yield, kinetics and sludge implications. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29282. [PMID: 38623244 PMCID: PMC11016704 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Due to its effectiveness and ease of application, the process of flocculation and coagulation is often used for pollution removal in wastewater treatment. Most of these coagulants precipitate and accumulate in waste activated sludge (WAS), and could negatively affect sludge treatments, as observed for anaerobic digestion. Nowadays, wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are widely discussed because of the current paradigm shift from linear to circular economy, and the treatments performed at the facility should be planned to avoid or reduce adverse effects on other processes. The aim of this study was to compare the impact of poly aluminum chloride (PAC) and aluminum sulfate (AS) on WAS anaerobic digestion, by feeding replicate serum reactors with different levels of coagulant (5, 10 and 20 mg Al/g TS). Reactors without the addition of any coagulants represented the control group. Results revealed that Al-based coagulants inhibited methane production, which decreased as the coagulant addition increased. The inhibition was much more severe in AS-conditioned reactors, showing average reductions in methane yield from 14.4 to 31.7%, compared to the control (167.76 ± 1.88 mL CH4/g VS). Analytical analysis, FTIR and SEM investigations revealed that the addition of coagulants affected the initial conditions of the anaerobic reactors, penalizing the solubilization, hydrolysis and acidogenesis phases. Furthermore, the massive formation of H2S in AS-conditioned reactors played a key role in the suppression of methane phase. On the other hand, the use of coagulant can promote the accumulation and recovery of nutrient in WAS, especially in terms of phosphorus. Our findings will expand research knowledge in this field and guide stakeholders in the choice of coagulants at full scale plant. Future research should focus on reducing the effect of coagulants on methane production by modifying or testing new types of flocculants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Pasciucco
- Department of Energy, Systems, Territory and Construction Engineering (DESTEC), University of Pisa, 56122, Pisa, Italy
| | - Erika Pasciucco
- Department of Energy, Systems, Territory and Construction Engineering (DESTEC), University of Pisa, 56122, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessio Castagnoli
- Department of Energy, Systems, Territory and Construction Engineering (DESTEC), University of Pisa, 56122, Pisa, Italy
| | - Renato Iannelli
- Department of Energy, Systems, Territory and Construction Engineering (DESTEC), University of Pisa, 56122, Pisa, Italy
| | - Isabella Pecorini
- Department of Energy, Systems, Territory and Construction Engineering (DESTEC), University of Pisa, 56122, Pisa, Italy
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Dadi T, Schultze M, Kong X, Seewald M, Rinke K, Friese K. Sudden eutrophication of an aluminum sulphate treated lake due to abrupt increase of internal phosphorus loading after three decades of mesotrophy. Water Res 2023; 235:119824. [PMID: 36913811 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.119824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Aluminum salts are widely used to immobilize phosphorus (P) in lakes suffering from internal loading. However, longevity of treatments varies among lakes; some lakes eutrophy faster than others. We conducted biogeochemical investigations of sediments of a closed artificial Lake Barleber, Germany that was successfully remediated with aluminum sulfate in 1986. The lake became mesotrophic for almost 30 years; a rather rapid re-eutrophication took place in 2016 leading to massive cyanobacterial blooms. We quantified internal loading from sediment and analyzed two environmental factors that might have contributed to the sudden shift in trophic state. Increase in lake P concentration started in 2016, reaching 0.3 mg L-1, and remained elevated into the spring of 2018. Reducible P fraction in the sediment was 37 - 58% of total P, indicating a high potential for mobilization of benthic P during anoxia. Estimated P release from sediments for 2017 was approximately 600 kg for the whole lake. This is consistent with sediment incubation results; higher temperature (20°C) and anoxia contributed to release of P (27.9 ± 7.1 mg m-2 d-1, 0.94 ± 0.23 mmol m-2 d-1) to the lake, triggering re-eutrophication. Loss of aluminum P adsorption capacity together with anoxia and high water temperatures (organic matter mineralization) are major drivers of re-eutrophication. Accordingly, treated lakes at some time require a repeated aluminum treatment for sustaining acceptable water quality and we recommend regular sediment monitoring in treated lakes. This is crucial given the effects of climate warming on duration of stratification in lakes which may result in the need for treatment of many lakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tallent Dadi
- UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department Lake Research, Brueckstr. 3a, D-39114 Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Martin Schultze
- UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department Lake Research, Brueckstr. 3a, D-39114 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Xiangzhen Kong
- UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department Lake Research, Brueckstr. 3a, D-39114 Magdeburg, Germany; State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210008 Nanjing, China
| | - Michael Seewald
- UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department Lake Research, Brueckstr. 3a, D-39114 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Karsten Rinke
- UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department Lake Research, Brueckstr. 3a, D-39114 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Kurt Friese
- UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department Lake Research, Brueckstr. 3a, D-39114 Magdeburg, Germany
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Liu J, Guo S, Jin Z, Zhao K. Adjuvanted quaternized chitosan composite aluminum nanoparticles-based vaccine formulation promotes immune responses in chickens. Vaccine 2023; 41:2982-2989. [PMID: 37032226 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.03.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
Aluminum adjuvant is a typical adjuvant that can promote humoral immune response, but it lacks the ability to effectively induce cellular immune response. The water-soluble N-2-Hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride chitosan nanoparticles (N-2-HACC NPs) can enhance humoral and cellular immune responses of vaccines. To enable aluminum adjuvant to induce cellular immunity, the composite nano adjuvant N-2-HACC-Al NPs were synthesized by the N-2-HACC and aluminum sulfate (Al2(SO4)3). The particle size and zeta potential of the N-2-HACC-Al NPs were 300.70 ± 24.90 nm and 32.28 ± 0.52 mV, respectively. The N-2-HACC-Al NPs have good thermal stability and biodegradability and lower cytotoxicity. In addition, to investigate the immunogenicity of the composite nano adjuvant, the combined inactivated vaccine against Newcastle disease (ND) and H9N2 avian influenza (AI) was prepared with the N-2-HACC-Al NPs as a vaccine adjuvant. The immune effect of the vaccine (N-2-HACC-Al/NDV-AIV) was evaluated by chicken in vivo immunization. The vaccine induced higher levels of serum IgG, IL-4, and IFN-γ than those of the commercial combined inactivated vaccine against ND and H9N2 AI. The levels of IFN-γ were more than twice those of the commercial vaccine at 7 days post the immunization. The N-2-HACC-Al NPs could be used as an efficient nano adjuvant to enhance the effectiveness of vaccine and have immense application potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Liu
- College of Chemistry and Material Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150080, China
| | - Sihan Guo
- College of Chemistry and Material Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150080, China
| | - Zheng Jin
- College of Chemistry and Material Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150080, China; Institute of Nanobiomaterials and Immunology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, School of Life Sciences, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China.
| | - Kai Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Material Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150080, China; Institute of Nanobiomaterials and Immunology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, School of Life Sciences, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China.
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Chen B, Chen L, Yang Z, Fu Q, Li X, Cao C. Acute Aluminum Sulfate Triggers Inflammation and Oxidative Stress, Inducing Tissue Damage in the Kidney of the Chick. Biol Trace Elem Res 2023; 201:1442-1450. [PMID: 35551605 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03260-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a total of 20 7-day-old chicks were randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group. The experimental group was administered aluminum sulfate (Al2(SO4)3) once by gavage, and the control group was sacrificed after 24 h of fasting with distilled water. Serum and kidney tissue samples from both groups were collected and compared using hematoxylin-eosin staining (H&E) and microscopy. The Paller scores increased (p < 0.01) for biochemical kidney function, redox-related indicators, and mRNA expression of nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) downstream related genes. The results showed that in the kidneys of the experimental group, renal tubular epithelial cells appeared to swell, and there was necrosis and shedding; the blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and uric acid (UA) decreased, serum creatinine (CREA) increased; nitric oxide (NO), glutathione (GSH), and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents increased; NO synthase (NOS), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme activities increased; tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNF-R1), tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 (TNF -R2), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) mRNA expression levels increased (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01); Nrf2, glutathione S-transferase A3 (GSTA3), glutathione-S-transferase mu-1 (GSTM1), glutathione synthetase (GSS), glutamate cysteine ligase (GCLC and GCLM), quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), and Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) mRNA expression levels decreased (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01) compared to the control group. Acute aluminum poisoning can cause obvious pathological changes in the structure of the kidney tissue of the chick, resulting in damage to the kidney function, as well as triggering inflammation and oxidative stress in the kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Chen
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, 528231, People's Republic of China
| | - Lina Chen
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, 528231, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqing Yang
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, 528231, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Fu
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, 528231, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinran Li
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, 528231, People's Republic of China.
- Foshan University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Foshan, Guangdong, 528231, People's Republic of China.
| | - Changyu Cao
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, 528231, People's Republic of China.
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Chen B, Li H, Qu G, Yang J, Jin C, Wu F, Ren Y, Liu Y, Liu X, Qin J, Kuang L. Aluminium sulfate synergistic electrokinetic separation of soluble components from phosphorus slag and simultaneous stabilization of fluoride. J Environ Manage 2023; 328:116942. [PMID: 36495822 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In this study, fluoride (F) was stabilized and soluble components, namely phosphate (P), K, Ca, Cr, Mn, and Pb, were extracted from phosphorus slag (PS) by using aluminum sulfate (AS) synergistic electrokinetic. PHREEQC simulation was used to determine the occurrence form of each ion in the PS. The mechanisms by which various electrokinetic treatment methods affected conductivity and pH distribution were carefully investigated. Electrokinetic treatment increased P concentration of the anode chamber from 22.7 mg/L to 63.39 mg/L, whereas K concentration increased from 15.26 mg/L to 93.44 mg/L. After AS-enhanced electrokinetic treatments, the concentrations of the different components were as follows: P, 131.66 mg/L; K, 198.2 mg/L; and Ca, 331.3 mg/L. The removal rate of soluble P in PS slices increased to 80.88% by 1.5 V/cm of treatment, and it increased to 94.04% after AS enhancement treatment. For water-soluble F, the removal rate from the PS slices in the anode region was 86.03%, decreasing F concentration in the electrode chamber to 9.57 × 10-3 mg/L. Different extraction efficiencies and stability levels of each component in the PS were regulated at various electrode regions by using different processes such as electromigration, electro-osmotic flow, flocculation, and precipitation. Good results can be obtained if fluoride is solidified concurrently with the removal or recovery of P, K, Ca, and other elements using 2%-4% AS enhanced electrokinetic treatment. Furthermore, CaSO4·2H2O whiskers were produced in the electrode regions when AS content was 6%. The findings of this study indicated that the AS synergistic electrokinetic method is suitable for stabilizing F and removing heavy metals from PS, thus providing a promising technology for recycling valuable components such as P, K, Ca, and Sr and for the simultaneous production of CaSO4·2H2O whiskers. This study provides insights for developing novel technologies for the clean treatment and high-value utilization of PS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bangjin Chen
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Yunnan, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China; National-Regional Engineering Research Center for Recovery of Waste Gases from Metallurgical and Chemical Industries, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Hailin Li
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Yunnan, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China; National-Regional Engineering Research Center for Recovery of Waste Gases from Metallurgical and Chemical Industries, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Guangfei Qu
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Yunnan, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China; National-Regional Engineering Research Center for Recovery of Waste Gases from Metallurgical and Chemical Industries, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China.
| | - Jieqian Yang
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Yunnan, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China; National-Regional Engineering Research Center for Recovery of Waste Gases from Metallurgical and Chemical Industries, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Caiyue Jin
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Yunnan, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China; National-Regional Engineering Research Center for Recovery of Waste Gases from Metallurgical and Chemical Industries, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Fenghui Wu
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Yunnan, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China; National-Regional Engineering Research Center for Recovery of Waste Gases from Metallurgical and Chemical Industries, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Yuanchuan Ren
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Yunnan, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China; National-Regional Engineering Research Center for Recovery of Waste Gases from Metallurgical and Chemical Industries, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Ye Liu
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Yunnan, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China; National-Regional Engineering Research Center for Recovery of Waste Gases from Metallurgical and Chemical Industries, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Xinxin Liu
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Yunnan, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China; National-Regional Engineering Research Center for Recovery of Waste Gases from Metallurgical and Chemical Industries, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Jin Qin
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Yunnan, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China; National-Regional Engineering Research Center for Recovery of Waste Gases from Metallurgical and Chemical Industries, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Lingrui Kuang
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Yunnan, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China; National-Regional Engineering Research Center for Recovery of Waste Gases from Metallurgical and Chemical Industries, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
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Yousefi B, Semnani V, Mokhtari T, Zarbakhsh S, Amjad MHT, Barati M, Doustmohammadi H. Co-administration of Aluminum Sulfate and Propolis Regulates Matrix Metalloproteinases-2/9 Expression and Improves the Uterine Leiomyoma in Adult Rat Model. Biol Trace Elem Res 2021; 199:1002-1012. [PMID: 32594359 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02200-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of aluminum sulfate (alum) with propolis (PR) on uterine leiomyoma (UL) in rat model. One hundred and four female Wistar rats (180-200 g) were allocated into two main groups of control (Co, n = 8) and experiment (UL model [estradiol benzoate 200 μg/kg/IM twice/week/8 weeks] with/without treatment) defined in 13 subgroups with/without treatment with coil oil (UL + COi), PR (100 or 200 mg/kg) as UL + PR100 or 200, alum (35, 75 or 150 mg/Kg) as UL + AL 35, 75, or 150, and PR (100 mg/kg or 200) with alum (35, 75, or 150 mg/Kg) as UL + PR100 or 200 + AL35, 75, or 150. Subgroups received doses of therapeutics for 14 days (IP). In the end, rats were sacrificed, and the uteri were isolated for molecular and histopathological investigations. The myometrium thickness, collagen contents, and gene expression of MMP-2 and 9 increased significantly in experimental groups with/without treatment (P ˂ 0.05). PR administration (100 and 200 mg/kg) alone or with alum (35 and 75 mg/kg) significantly decreased myometrium collagen contents and the gene expression and protein concentration of MMP-2 and 9 compared with UL and UL + Coi subgroups (P ˂ 0.05). Alum (75 mg/kg) with PR (200 mg/kg) could improve UL features and reduce MMP-2 and 9 gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behpour Yousefi
- Abnormal Uterine Bleeding Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Vahid Semnani
- Department of Pathology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Tahmineh Mokhtari
- Legal Medicine Research Center, Legal Medicine Organization, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sam Zarbakhsh
- Abnormal Uterine Bleeding Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
- Nervous System Stem Cells Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hasan Tabrizi Amjad
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
- Legal Medicine Research Center, Legal Medicine Organization, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Barati
- Department of Medical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hoda Doustmohammadi
- Abnormal Uterine Bleeding Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
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Liang H, Xu W, Shi B, Huang X. The role of interactions between extracellular organic matter and humic substances on coagulation-ultrafiltration process. Chemosphere 2021; 264:128501. [PMID: 33039692 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Removals of extracellular organic matter (EOM) derived from cyanobacterium M. aeruginosa and humic acid (HA) in single-component and bi-component systems and the interactions during the coagulation-ultrafiltration (C-UF) process were investigated in this study. In a single-component system, only 23% EOM could be removed by alum at dose as high as 6 mg/L, which induced serious membrane fouling in the following UF process. Interestingly, higher EOM removal efficiency was achieved (increase by about 20%) with the existence of HA and EOM-HA achieved less decline of permeate flux compared with individual EOM C-UF process. Zeta potential and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis indicated that the interactions of HA and EOM can strengthen charge neutralization and reduce CH2 chemical bonds, which had a positive effect on the coagulation process. In addition, EOM-HA floc had a more open and looser structure than EOM floc, which was more favorable in the UF process. The extended Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek theory indicated that the acid-base interaction energy was mainly reduced, thereby alleviating membrane fouling. The study showed this beneficial interaction between the HA and EOM would enhance the EOM removal efficacy by coagulation and release the membrane fouling caused by EOM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huikai Liang
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, PR China; Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science, Chinese Academy of Science, No. 18 Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100085, PR China
| | - Weiying Xu
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, PR China.
| | - Baoyou Shi
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science, Chinese Academy of Science, No. 18 Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100085, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Xin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science, Chinese Academy of Science, No. 18 Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100085, PR China.
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Wang B, Jiao E, Guo Y, Zhang L, Meng Q, Zeng W, Peng Y. Investigation of the polyphosphate-accumulating organism population in the full-scale simultaneous chemical phosphorus removal system. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2020; 27:37877-37886. [PMID: 32617817 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09912-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The simultaneous chemical phosphorus removal (SCPR) process has been widely applied in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) due to the high phosphorus removal efficiency through the synergy of biological and chemical phosphorus removal (BPR and CPR). However, phosphorus removal reagents could affect the bacterial community structure in the SCPR system and further affect the BPR process. The BPR phenotypes and community structures in the SCPR system, especially the population of polyphosphate-accumulating organisms (PAOs), are not completely clear. In order to clarify these problems, the phosphorus removal performance and the PAO population in a full-scale SCPR system were investigated. Results showed that diverse PAOs still existed in the SCPR system though the BPR phenotypes were not observed. However, the relative abundances of Accumulibacter and Tetrasphaera, the two most important genera of PAOs, were only 0.59% and 0.20%, respectively, while the relative abundances of Competibacter and Defluviicoccus, two genera of glycogen-accumulating organisms (GAOs), were as high as 5.77% and 1.28%, respectively. Batch tests showed that PAOs in the SCPR system still had a certain polyphosphate accumulating metabolic activity, which could gradually recover after stopping the addition of chemical reagents. This study provided a microbiological basis for the SCPR system to recover the enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) performance under suitable conditions, which could reduce the dosage of chemical reagents and the operational cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baogui Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Department of Environmental Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, No.100 Pingleyuan, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Erlong Jiao
- Beijing Drainage Group Co., Ltd., Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Yu Guo
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Department of Environmental Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, No.100 Pingleyuan, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Lifang Zhang
- Beijing Drainage Group Co., Ltd., Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Qingan Meng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Department of Environmental Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, No.100 Pingleyuan, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Wei Zeng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Department of Environmental Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, No.100 Pingleyuan, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100124, China.
| | - Yongzhen Peng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Department of Environmental Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, No.100 Pingleyuan, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100124, China
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Azizi H, Mirzaeei H, Bagheri A, Bazi A, Khamesipour A, Yaghoobi H, Mirzapour A, Khatami M, Elikaee S. A Survey on the Adjuvant Role of Naloxone Alone or Combined with Alum in Vaccination Against Fasciolosis in BALB/c Mice. Acta Parasitol 2019; 64:236-45. [PMID: 30788648 DOI: 10.2478/s11686-019-00030-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fasciolosis is a zoonotic parasitic disease imposing a heavy load of livestock losses worldwide. PURPOSE We aimed to evaluate immune-stimulatory effects of naloxone (NLX), an opioid receptor antagonist, in combination with alum in mice vaccinated with excretory-secretory antigens (E/S) of Fasciola hepatica. METHODS 8-week-old female BALB/c mice were subcutaneously vaccinated using E/S antigens of F. hepatica. Experimental groups (14 mice per group) included: vaccine (E/S antigen), alum vaccine (E/S antigen plus alum), NLX vaccine (E/S antigen plus NLX), and alum-NLX vaccine (E/S antigen plus a mixture of alum-NLX). The control group was infused with PBS. Lymphocyte proliferation and the levels of IFN-γ, IL-4, IgG2a, IgG1, and total IgG were measured. RESULTS Mice vaccinated with NLX or alum-NLX adjuvants showed significantly higher rates of lymphocyte proliferation, IFN-γ, total IgG, and IgG2a levels. The mice that were injected with alum showed a significantly higher concentration of IL-4. Ratios of IFN-γ/Il-4 and IgG2a/IgG1 were significantly higher in the NLX and alum-NLX groups in comparison with the groups vaccinated either with alum or without any adjuvant. A significantly higher protection rate (62.5%) was seen in mice vaccinated with the alum-NLX adjuvant compared to the other groups. CONCLUSION NLX can be effective in conferring cellular immunity and protection against F. hepatica. It is recommended to consider this agent as a potential adjuvant in vaccines against fasciolosis.
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11
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Omran GA. Hematological and immunological impairment following in-utero and postnatal exposure to aluminum sulfate in female offspring of albino rats. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2019; 41:40-47. [PMID: 30706732 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2018.1533967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Aim: Aluminum (Al) is a ubiquitous element extensively utilized in many products like food additives, pharmaceuticals, and vaccines, but its hematotoxic and immunotoxic effects are not entirely clarified. The present study explored the developmental hematotoxic and immunotoxic properties of aluminum sulfate (AS) in rats' offspring. Methods: Forty female offspring (10 rats each) were given three incremental AS doses plus a control group, from conception through lactation and after weaning until reached eight weeks old (near adults). Spleen relative weights along with total and differential blood counts were evaluated. Spectroscopic Al levels in spleen and brain were analyzed. Three immunoglobulins (IgG, IgM, and IgE) and two cytokines, interferon-γ and tumor necrosis factor-α, were measured through the ELISA technique. Results: The results revealed a significant relative increase in splenic weights mostly observed in the highest AS dose treated group. Reduction in the total leukocytic count was noticed in the three AS treated groups with relative lymphocytosis. Additionally, a significant decline in RBCs counts and hemoglobin concentrations were recorded. Tumor necrosis factor-α was significantly elevated in the three Al treated groups, while, interferon- γ showed a non-significant reduction compared to the control group. A significant increment in IgG and decline in IgE concentrations with no change in IgM level among groups were observed. Conclusion: Perinatal AS exposure caused mostly non-linear dose-dependent hematotoxicity and immunological impairment especially for the acquired immunity either cellular or humoral. Further studies can examine the immunotoxic effect of Al on male offspring during different stages of immune development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghada A Omran
- a Faculty of Medicine, Forensic Medicine and Clinical toxicology department , Assiut University , Assiut , Egypt
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12
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Lin J, Sun Q, Ding S, Wang D, Wang Y, Tsang DCW. First observation of labile arsenic stratification in aluminum sulfate-amended sediments using high resolution Zr-oxide DGT. Sci Total Environ 2017; 609:304-310. [PMID: 28753505 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.07.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic contamination in sediments has received increasing attention because it may be released to the water and threaten aquatic organisms. In this study, aluminum sulfate (ALS) was used to immobilize As in sediments through dosage-series and time-series experiments. Diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) was used to obtain labile As at a vertically 2.0mm resolution. Our results indicated that a "static" layer with extremely low labile As concentration (minimally 0.13mgL-1) with weak variation (<30% RSD) formed within the top 12mm sediment layer at the dosage of 6-12ALS/Asmobile (kmolmol-1, Asmobile means the total mobile As in top 40mm sediment) and on days 30-80 after amendment at the dosage of 9 ALS/Asmobile. The maximum labile As decreased from 1.83 to 0.99μgL-1 and from 1.96 to 1.20μgL-1 in the dosage-series (3-12 ALS/Asmobile) and time-series (10-80days) experiments, respectively, while the depths showing the maximal concentrations moved deeper from 22 to 34mm and 20 to 32mm in the sediments. It implied a reduced upward diffusion potential of labile As to the static layer in deeper sediments. Both distribution coefficient for As between sediment solid pool and pore water (Kd) and the adsorption rate constant (k1) consistently increased, reflecting that As release from sediment solid became increasingly difficult with the progress of ALS immobilization. The results of this millimeter-scale investigation showed that ALS could efficiently immobilize As in sediments under simulated conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Shiming Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
| | - Dan Wang
- Shanghai Waterway Engineering Design and Consulting Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Daniel C W Tsang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, China
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13
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Lin J, Sun Q, Ding S, Wang D, Wang Y, Chen M, Shi L, Fan X, Tsang DCW. Mobile phosphorus stratification in sediments by aluminum immobilization. Chemosphere 2017; 186:644-651. [PMID: 28818591 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
There is a great heterogeneity in the distribution of mobile phosphorus (P) in natural sediments, while the assessment of P immobilization by amendment agents has mostly neglected this feature. In this study, the effects of aluminum sulfate (ALS) on P immobilization were investigated via a 60-day microcosm experiment using sampled sediment cores. The high-resolution dialysis (HR-Peeper) and diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) techniques were first employed to establish the profiles of soluble reactive P (SRP) and DGT-labile P in aluminum-amended sediments at 2 and 1 mm resolutions, respectively. Both concentrations of two mobile P forms decreased with increasing ALS dosages. The static layers with extremely low P concentrations (≤0.060 mg L-1 for SRP and ≤0.024 mg L-1 for DGT-labile P) were observed in the upper 6-16 mm sediment layers at 6-15 ALS/Pmobile treatments (mobile P is the sum of NH4Cl-P, BD-P, and NaOH-nrP; mol mol-1). The static layer was followed by an active layer in which the upward release potential (RAL) decreased from 33.4 to 21.9 for SRP and from 92.2 to 51.0 for DGT-labile P, respectively. As the formation of the static layer is a key to sustaining P immobilization in sediments, the minimal dosage of 9 ALS/Pmobile is required for ALS capping. Modeling with DGT Induced Fluxes in Sediments (DIFS) showed a greater increase in adsorption rate constant (k1, maximum 7.2-fold) compared to adsorption rate constant (k1, maximum 2.2-fold), demonstrating that the release of P from sediment solids became increasingly difficult after ALS amendment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Shiming Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
| | - Dan Wang
- Shanghai Waterway Engineering Design and Consulting Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Musong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Lei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Xianfang Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Daniel C W Tsang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
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Xu Q, Wang Y, Ding Z, Fan K, Ma D, Zhang Y, Yin Q. Aluminum induced physiological and proteomic responses in tea (Camellia sinensis) roots and leaves. Plant Physiol Biochem 2017; 115:141-151. [PMID: 28364710 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2017.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze), is an aluminum (Al) hyperaccumulator and grows well in acid soils. Although Al-induced growth of tea plant has been studied, the proteomic profiles of tea plants in response to Al are unclear. In the present study, the proteomic profiles in tea roots and leaves under Al stress were investigated using iTRAQ proteomics approach. In total, 755 and 1059 differentially expressed proteins were identified in tea roots and leaves, respectively. KEGG enrichment analysis showed that the differentially expressed proteins in roots were mainly involved in 11 pathways whereas those from leaves were mainly involved in 9 pathways. Abundance of most protein functions in glycolytic metabolism were enhanced in tea roots, and proteins involved in photosynthesis were stimulated in tea leaves. The protein ferulate-5-hydroxylase (F5H) in lignin biosynthetic pathway was down-regulated in both roots and leaves. Furthermore, antioxidant enzymes (ascorbate peroxidase, catalase and glutathione S-transferase) and citrate synthesis were accumulated in tea roots in response to Al. The results indicated that active photosynthesis and glycolysis as well as increased activities of antioxidant enzymes can be considered as a possible reason for the stimulatory effects of Al on the growth of tea plants. Additionally, the down-regulation of F5H and the binding of Al and phenolic acids may reduce the accumulation of lignin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingshan Xu
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China.
| | - Yu Wang
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China.
| | - Zhaotang Ding
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China.
| | - Kai Fan
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310008, China
| | - Dexin Ma
- Tea Research Institute, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | | | - Qi Yin
- BGI-Tech, BGI, Shenzhen 518000, China
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15
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Huser BJ, Futter M, Lee JT, Perniel M. In-lake measures for phosphorus control: The most feasible and cost-effective solution for long-term management of water quality in urban lakes. Water Res 2016; 97:142-152. [PMID: 26298078 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2015.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Revised: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Both in-lake and catchment measures designed to reduce phosphorus (P) loading were implemented as part of a 12.3 million USD restoration project for the Minneapolis Chain of lakes in Minnesota (USA). Treatment wetlands, 'in-pipe' measures, and in-lake aluminum sulfate (alum) treatment were applied to restore water quality in the four urban lakes. Different alum dosing methods led to between 4 and 20+ (modeled) years of water quality improvements in these lakes after treatment and only one of the four lakes continues to meet water quality goals approximately 25 years after the project started. Due to limited space and poor performance, reduction of total external loads was low (1-13%) for three lakes. Changes to internal P sediment release rates after application of alum correlated well with epilimnetic total P (TP) concentrations in these lakes, indicating that improvements in water quality were mainly driven by reduced internal loading via in-lake measures. Substantial reductions to external P loading were only achieved at Cedar Lake (49%) via conversion of an existing natural area to a treatment wetland, but even Cedar Lake is no longer meeting management goals. When expressed in terms of dollars spent per unit P removed, in lake alum treatment was on average 50 times more effective than in-catchment measures. The results of this study indicate that substantial external nutrient reductions may not be adequate to sustainably maintain water quality in urban lakes and that continued in-lake management of P accumulated in lake sediment will not only be necessary, but will also be more cost efficient relative to in-catchment measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Huser
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Box 7050, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Martyn Futter
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Box 7050, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jeff T Lee
- Barr Engineering Company, 325 South Lake Avenue, Suite 700, Duluth, MN, USA
| | - Mike Perniel
- Minneapolis Park and Recreation Board, 3800 Bryant Ave South, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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16
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Xu Q, Wang Y, Ding Z, Song L, Li Y, Ma D, Wang Y, Shen J, Jia S, Sun H, Zhang H. Aluminum induced metabolic responses in two tea cultivars. Plant Physiol Biochem 2016; 101:162-172. [PMID: 26895429 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2016.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Revised: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Tea [Camellia sinensis (L.)], is an aluminum (Al(3+)) hyperaccumulator plant and grows well in acid soils. In the present study, roots of two tea cultivars, JHC and YS were treated with different concentrations of Al(3+). After treatments, the root length, dry matter, root activity and chlorophyll content (SPAD value) of JHC had greater increase than that of YS. We also detected metabolic changes of two varieties using GC-MS method. Comparison between two cultivars indicated that shikimic pathway was more enhanced in YS roots by Al(3+) with higher levels of catechine, quinic acid and shikimic acid. While, more active amino acid synthesis was found in JHC roots and JHC leaves remained the higher level contents of metabolites related to cysteine synthesis. The comparison also showed that a large amount of sugar alcohols were accumulated in roots of two varieties, whereas most of them were reduced in YS leaves. Other well-known ligands, such as phosphoric acid and malic acid were observed in two cultivars that showed significantly altered abundances under Al(3+) treatments. The results indicated that Al(3+) adaptation of two cultivars may be correlated with their differential metabolism of amino acids, sugars and shikimic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingshan Xu
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Yu Wang
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Zhaotang Ding
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China.
| | - Lubin Song
- Institue of Pomology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Taian 271000, China
| | - Yusheng Li
- Fruit and Tea Technology Extension Station, Jinan 250013, Shandong Province, China
| | - Dexin Ma
- Communication College, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Qingdao Fruits, Tea and Flowers Workstation, Qingdao City, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jiazhi Shen
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Sisi Jia
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Haiwei Sun
- Taishan Academy of Forestry Sciences, Taian City, Taian 271000, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Taishan Academy of Forestry Sciences, Taian City, Taian 271000, China
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17
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Han J, Jeon BS, Park HD. Microcystin release and Microcystis cell damage mechanism by alum treatment with long-term and large dose as in-lake treatment. J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng 2016; 51:455-462. [PMID: 26865010 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2015.1128708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Most of our previous studies reported aluminum causes no cell damage or lysis, and no subsequent toxin release in conventional treatment of drinking water or in the laboratory, on the contrary, we investigated the effect of long-term and large-dose alum treatment, because the environmental conditions in lakes and treatment plants are widely different. The microcosm experiments were designed to simulate the effect of adding alum under the similar conditions of common lakes and reservoirs, and the bottle experiments were conducted to examine the budget or dynamics of microcystin after adding alum. In precipitate analyses, we also confirm the release and dynamics of microcystin and the damage mechanisms of Microcystis cells under alum treatment. In microcosms treated with alum alone, the extracellular microcystin-LR (MC-LR) concentration increased to approximately 82% in 7 days. Similar results were obtained in bottle experiments. By plotting the concentration of released microcystin over time, we inferred that the extracellular MC-LR concentration exponentially rose toward an asymptotic maximum. Moreover, in scanning electron microscope images, some cells exhibited torn membranes with miniscule traces of aluminum hydroxide coating. We conclude that alum treatment, particularly at maximum dosage administered over long periods, seriously damages Microcystis cells and induces microcystin release. Therefore, long-term application of large alum doses is not recommended as an in-lake treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisun Han
- a Department of Mountain and Environmental Science , Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University , Matsumoto , Japan
| | - Bong-Seok Jeon
- a Department of Mountain and Environmental Science , Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University , Matsumoto , Japan
| | - Ho-Dong Park
- a Department of Mountain and Environmental Science , Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University , Matsumoto , Japan
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18
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Alexandrov PN, Kruck TPA, Lukiw WJ. Nanomolar aluminum induces expression of the inflammatory systemic biomarker C-reactive protein (CRP) in human brain microvessel endothelial cells (hBMECs). J Inorg Biochem 2015; 152:210-3. [PMID: 26265215 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2015.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Revised: 06/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
C-reactive protein (CRP; also known as pentraxin 1, PTX1), a 224 amino acid soluble serum protein organized into a novel pentameric ring-shaped structure, is a highly sensitive pathogenic biomarker for systemic inflammation. High CRP levels are found in practically every known inflammatory state, and elevated CRP levels indicate an increased risk for several common age-related human degenerative disorders, including cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, and Alzheimer's disease (AD). While the majority of CRP is synthesized in the liver for secretion into the systemic circulation, it has recently been discovered that an appreciable amount of CRP is synthesized in highly specialized endothelial cells that line the vasculature of the brain and central nervous system (CNS). These highly specialized cells, the major cell type lining the human CNS vasculature, are known as human brain microvessel endothelial cells (hBMECs). In the current pilot study we examined (i) CRP levels in human serum obtained from AD and age-matched control patients; and (ii) analyzed the effects of nanomolar aluminum sulfate on CRP expression in primary hBMECs. The three major findings in this short communication are: (i) that CRP is up-regulated in AD serum; (ii) that CRP serum levels increased in parallel with AD progression; and (iii) for the first time show that nanomolar aluminum potently up-regulates CRP expression in hBMECs to many times its 'basal abundance'. The results suggest that aluminum-induced CRP may in part contribute to a pathophysiological state associated with a chronic systemic inflammation of the human vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Theodore P A Kruck
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Walter J Lukiw
- LSU Neuroscience Center, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
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19
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Staicu LC, van Hullebusch ED, Oturan MA, Ackerson CJ, Lens PNL. Removal of colloidal biogenic selenium from wastewater. Chemosphere 2015; 125:130-138. [PMID: 25559175 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Revised: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Biogenic selenium, Se(0), has colloidal properties and thus poses solid-liquid separation problems, such as poor settling and membrane fouling. The separation of Se(0) from the bulk liquid was assessed by centrifugation, filtration, and coagulation-flocculation. Se(0) particles produced by an anaerobic granular sludge are normally distributed, ranging from 50 nm to 250 nm, with an average size of 166±29 nm and a polydispersity index of 0.18. Due to its nanosize range and protein coating-associated negative zeta potential (-15 mV to -23 mV) between pH 2 and 12, biogenic Se(0) exhibits colloidal properties, hampering its removal from suspension. Centrifugation at different centrifugal speeds achieved 22±3% (1500 rpm), 73±2% (3000 rpm) and 91±2% (4500 rpm) removal. Separation by filtration through 0.45 μm filters resulted in 87±1% Se(0) removal. Ferric chloride and aluminum sulfate were used as coagulants in coagulation-flocculation experiments. Aluminum sulfate achieved the highest turbidity removal (92±2%) at a dose of 10(-3) M, whereas ferric chloride achieved a maximum turbidity removal efficiency of only 43±4% at 2.7×10(-4) M. Charge repression plays a minor role in particle neutralization. The sediment volume resulting from Al2(SO3)4 treatment is three times larger than that produced by FeCl3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucian C Staicu
- UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education, PO Box␣3015, 2601 DA Delft, The Netherlands; Université Paris-Est, Laboratoire Géomatériaux et Environnement, EA 4508, UPEM, 5 bd Descartes, 77454 Marne-la-Vallée Cedex 2, France
| | - Eric D van Hullebusch
- Université Paris-Est, Laboratoire Géomatériaux et Environnement, EA 4508, UPEM, 5 bd Descartes, 77454 Marne-la-Vallée Cedex 2, France.
| | - Mehmet A Oturan
- Université Paris-Est, Laboratoire Géomatériaux et Environnement, EA 4508, UPEM, 5 bd Descartes, 77454 Marne-la-Vallée Cedex 2, France
| | - Christopher J Ackerson
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80521, United States
| | - Piet N L Lens
- UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education, PO Box␣3015, 2601 DA Delft, The Netherlands
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20
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Knowles AD, Nguyen CK, Edwards MA, Stoddart A, McIlwain B, Gagnon GA. Role of iron and aluminum coagulant metal residuals and lead release from drinking water pipe materials. J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng 2015; 50:414-423. [PMID: 25723068 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2015.987550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Bench-scale experiments investigated the role of iron and aluminum residuals in lead release in a low alkalinity and high (> 0.5) chloride-to-sulfate mass ratio (CSMR) in water. Lead leaching was examined for two lead-bearing plumbing materials, including harvested lead pipe and new lead: tin solder, after exposure to water with simulated aluminum sulfate, polyaluminum chloride and ferric sulfate coagulation treatments with 1-25-μM levels of iron or aluminum residuals in the water. The release of lead from systems with harvested lead pipe was highly correlated with levels of residual aluminum or iron present in samples (R(2) = 0.66-0.88), consistent with sorption of lead onto the aluminum and iron hydroxides during stagnation. The results indicate that aluminum and iron coagulant residuals, at levels complying with recommended guidelines, can sometimes play a significant role in lead mobilization from premise plumbing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisha D Knowles
- a Department of Civil & Resource Engineering , Dalhousie University , Halifax , Nova Scotia , Canada
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Alexandrov PN, Zhao Y, Jones BM, Bhattacharjee S, Lukiw WJ. Expression of the phagocytosis-essential protein TREM2 is down-regulated by an aluminum-induced miRNA-34a in a murine microglial cell line. J Inorg Biochem 2013; 128:267-9. [PMID: 23778113 PMCID: PMC3797872 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2013.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2013] [Revised: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 05/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
One of the key classical pathological features of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the progressive accumulation of amyloid beta (Aβ42) peptides and their coalescence into highly insoluble senile plaque cores. A major factor driving Aβ42 peptide accumulation is the inability of brain cells to effectively clear excessive amounts of Aβ42 via phagocytosis. The trans-membrane spanning, sensor-receptor known as the "triggering receptor expressed in myeloid cells 2" (TREM2; chr6p21) is essential in the sensing, recognition, phagocytosis and clearance of noxious cellular debris from brain cells, including neurotoxic Aβ42 peptides. Recently, mutations in the TREM2 gene have been associated with amyloidogenesis in neurodegenerative diseases including AD. In this report, we provide evidence that aluminum-sulfate, when incubated with microglial cells, induces the up-regulation of an NF-кB-sensitive micro RNA-34a (miRNA-34a; chr1p36) that is known to target the TREM2 mRNA 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR), significantly down-regulating TREM2 expression. The aluminum-induced up-regulation of miRNA-34a and down-regulation of TREM2 expression were effectively quenched using the natural phenolic compound and NF-kB inhibitor CAPE [2-phenylethyl-(2E)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) acrylate; caffeic-acid phenethyl ester]. These results suggest, for the first time, that an epigenetic mechanism involving an aluminum-triggered, NF-kB-sensitive, miRNA-34a-mediated down-regulation of TREM2 expression may impair phagocytic responses that ultimately contribute to Aβ42 peptide accumulation, aggregation, amyloidogenesis and inflammatory degeneration in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuhai Zhao
- LSU Neuroscience Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans LA 70112 USA
| | - Brandon M. Jones
- LSU Neuroscience Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans LA 70112 USA
| | - Surjyadipta Bhattacharjee
- LSU Neuroscience Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans LA 70112 USA
| | - Walter J. Lukiw
- LSU Neuroscience Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans LA 70112 USA
- Department of Neurology and Ophthalmology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans LA 70112 USA
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22
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Han J, Jeon BS, Futatsugi N, Park HD. The effect of alum coagulation for in-lake treatment of toxic Microcystis and other cyanobacteria related organisms in microcosm experiments. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2013; 96:17-23. [PMID: 23856121 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2013.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Revised: 06/08/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Microcosm and bottle experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of alum treatment on cyanobacteria-lysing organisms and microcystin-degrading bacteria as well as Microcystis cells, and to provide detailed evidence of Microcystis cell damage by investigating precipitated Microcystis cells. The alum concentration to be pH 6.0 is the maximum which does not cause toxicity by monomeric Al, therefore, this concentration was defined as maximum dose. Microcystis cells were considerably damaged by the alum treatment with maximum dose and long contact time. Seven days post-treatment, intracellular microcystin-LR was released into the extracellular environment in excess of 95 percent and chlorophyll a is not easily released from inside the cell, chl.a of precipitated Microcystis cells was also decreased to approximately 50 percent. Moreover, alum treatment caused damage to cyanobacteria-lysing organisms and microcystin-degrading bacteria, as well as to Microcystis cells. Therefore, it could be concluded that alum treatment with maximum dose (48 mg L(-1) as AI) is not suitable for removing cyanobacterial bloom without the release of cyanotoxin in reservoirs and ponds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisun Han
- Department of Mountain and Environmental Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Ashahi 3-1-1, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
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23
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Bhattacharjee S, Zhao Y, Hill JM, Culicchia F, Kruck TPA, Percy ME, Pogue AI, Walton J, Lukiw WJ. Selective accumulation of aluminum in cerebral arteries in Alzheimer's disease (AD). J Inorg Biochem 2013; 126:35-7. [PMID: 23764827 PMCID: PMC3720708 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2013.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Revised: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Once biologically available aluminum bypasses gastrointestinal and blood-brain barriers, this environmentally-abundant neurotoxin has an exceedingly high affinity for the large pyramidal neurons of the human brain hippocampus. This same anatomical region of the brain is also targeted by the earliest evidence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) neuropathology. The mechanism for the selective targeting and transport of aluminum into the hippocampus of the human brain is not well understood. In an effort to improve our understanding of a pathological aluminum entry system into the brain, this study examined the aluminum content of 8 arteries that supply blood to the hippocampus, including the aorta and several cerebral arteries. In contrast to age-matched controls, in AD patients we found a gradient of increasing aluminum concentration from the aorta to the posterior cerebral artery that supplies blood to the hippocampus. Primary cultures of human brain endothelial cells were found to have an extremely high affinity for aluminum when compared to other types of brain cells. Together, these results suggest for the first time that endothelial cells that line the cerebral vasculature may have biochemical attributes conducive to binding and targeting aluminum to selective anatomical regions of the brain, such as the hippocampus, with potential downstream pro-inflammatory and pathogenic consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Bhattacharjee
- Neuroscience Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA
| | - Yuhai Zhao
- Neuroscience Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA
| | - James M. Hill
- Neuroscience Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA
- Department of Neurology and Ophthalmology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA
| | - Frank Culicchia
- Neuroscience Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA
| | - Theodore P. A. Kruck
- Neurogenetics Laboratory, Surrey Place Centre & Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, CANADA
| | - Maire E. Percy
- Neurogenetics Laboratory, Surrey Place Centre & Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, CANADA
| | | | - J.R. Walton
- University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2204 AUSTRALIA
| | - Walter J. Lukiw
- Neuroscience Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA
- Department of Neurology and Ophthalmology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA
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