1
|
Bai H, Li D. HPLC/ESI-QTOF-MS/MS based untargeted metabolomics authentication of Taxus × media six tissues. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2024. [PMID: 38870256 DOI: 10.1002/pca.3403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Taxus media (Taxus × media Rehder) is renowned for its high paclitaxel content, serving as a major source for industrial paclitaxel production. In addition to paclitaxel, T. media contains a diverse range of metabolites, including flavonoids, alkaloids, and terpenoids, which have been shown to possess antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory effects. However, these compounds have not been thoroughly studied as key metabolites in T. media. OBJECTIVE The untargeted metabolomics analysis of six T. media tissues provides new insights into the development and utilization of T. media metabolites. METHOD The extracts from six tissues of T. media were analyzed and subjected to analysis using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS) and chemometric techniques. RESULTS Using a reliable HPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS method, we identified 312 compounds in six T. media tissues, including 214 previously unreported in T. media. To identify characteristic compounds across different tissues, 34 metabolites were further screened. KEGG metabolic pathway analysis revealed that these compounds primarily occur in the metabolic pathways of terpene glycosides, flavans, and O-methylated flavonoids. CONCLUSION This study initially utilized an HPLC-QTOF-MS/MS-based metabolomics approach to assess the metabolites in different tissues of T. media, providing a basis for their utilization and management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hangyu Bai
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dengwu Li
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Resources Development and Utilization, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang D, Wei J, Yuan X, Chen Z, Wang L, Geng Y, Zhang J, Wang Y. Transcriptome and comparative chloroplast genome analysis of Taxus yunnanensis individuals with high and low paclitaxel yield. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27223. [PMID: 38455575 PMCID: PMC10918223 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Paclitaxel is a potent anti-cancer drug that is mainly produced through semi-synthesis, which still requires plant materials as precursors. The content of paclitaxel and 10-deacetyl baccatin III (10-DAB) in Taxus yunnanensis has been found to differ from that of other Taxus species, but there is little research on the mechanism underlying the variation in paclitaxel content in T. yunnanensis of different provenances. In this experiment, the contents of taxoids and precursors in twigs between a high paclitaxel-yielding individual (TG) and a low paclitaxel-yielding individual (TD) of T. yunnanensis were compared, and comparative analyses of transcriptomes as well as chloroplast genomes were performed. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) detection showed that 10-DAB and baccatin III contents in TG were 18 and 47 times those in TD, respectively. Transcriptomic analysis results indicated that genes encoding key enzymes in the paclitaxel biosynthesis pathway, such as taxane 10-β-hydroxylase (T10βH), 10-deacetylbaccatin III 10-O-acetyltransferase (DBAT), and debenzoyl paclitaxel N-benzoyl transferase (DBTNBT), exhibited higher expression levels in TG. Additionally, qRT-PCR showed that the relative expression level of T10βH and DBAT in TG were 29 and 13 times those in TD, respectively. In addition, six putative transcription factors were identified that may be involved in paclitaxel biosynthesis from transcriptome data. Comparative analysis of plastid genomes showed that the TD chloroplast contained a duplicate of rps12, leading to a longer plastid genome length in TD relative to TG. Fifteen mutation hotspot regions were identified between the two plastid genomes that can serve as candidate DNA barcodes for identifying high-paclitaxel-yield individuals. This experiment provides insight into the difference in paclitaxel accumulation among different provenances of T. yunnanensis individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wang
- College of Forestry, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224, China
- Laboratory of Forest Plant Cultivation and Utilization, The Key Laboratory of Rare and Endangered Forest Plants of State Forestry Administration, Yunnan Academy of Forestry and Grassland, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Jiansheng Wei
- Haba Snow Mountain Provincial Nature Reserve Management and Protection Bureau, Diqing, 674402, China
| | - Xiaolong Yuan
- Laboratory of Forest Plant Cultivation and Utilization, The Key Laboratory of Rare and Endangered Forest Plants of State Forestry Administration, Yunnan Academy of Forestry and Grassland, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Zhonghua Chen
- Laboratory of Forest Plant Cultivation and Utilization, The Key Laboratory of Rare and Endangered Forest Plants of State Forestry Administration, Yunnan Academy of Forestry and Grassland, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Laboratory of Forest Plant Cultivation and Utilization, The Key Laboratory of Rare and Endangered Forest Plants of State Forestry Administration, Yunnan Academy of Forestry and Grassland, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Yunfen Geng
- Laboratory of Forest Plant Cultivation and Utilization, The Key Laboratory of Rare and Endangered Forest Plants of State Forestry Administration, Yunnan Academy of Forestry and Grassland, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Jinfeng Zhang
- Laboratory of Forest Plant Cultivation and Utilization, The Key Laboratory of Rare and Endangered Forest Plants of State Forestry Administration, Yunnan Academy of Forestry and Grassland, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Laboratory of Forest Plant Cultivation and Utilization, The Key Laboratory of Rare and Endangered Forest Plants of State Forestry Administration, Yunnan Academy of Forestry and Grassland, Kunming, 650201, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhao Z, Zhang Y, Li W, Tang Y, Wang S. Transcriptomics and Physiological Analyses Reveal Changes in Paclitaxel Production and Physiological Properties in Taxus cuspidata Suspension Cells in Response to Elicitors. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3817. [PMID: 38005714 PMCID: PMC10674800 DOI: 10.3390/plants12223817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
In this research, the cell growth, physiological, and biochemical reactions, as well as the paclitaxel production, of Taxus cuspidata suspension cells after treatment with polyethylene glycol (PEG), cyclodextrin (CD), or salicylic acid (SA) (alone or in combination) were investigated. To reveal the paclitaxel synthesis mechanism of T. cuspidata suspension cells under elicitor treatment, the transcriptomics of the Control group and P + C + S group (PEG + CD + SA) were compared. The results show that there were no significant differences in cell biomass after 5 days of elicitor treatments. However, the content of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA), and the activities of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) after elicitor combination treatments were decreased compared with the single-elicitor treatment. Meanwhile, the antioxidant enzyme activity (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (PO)) and the contents of soluble sugar and soluble protein were increased after combination elicitor treatments. Additionally, the paclitaxel yield after treatment with the combination of all three elicitors (P + C + S) was 6.02 times higher than that of the Control group, thus indicating that the combination elicitor treatments had a significant effect on paclitaxel production in T. cuspidata cell suspension culture. Transcriptomics analysis revealed 13,623 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the Control and P + C + S treatment groups. Both GO and KEGG analyses showed that the DEGs mainly affected metabolic processes. DEGs associated with antioxidant enzymes, paclitaxel biosynthesis enzymes, and transcription factors were identified. It can be hypothesized that the oxidative stress of suspension cells occurred with elicitor stimulation, thereby leading to a defense response and an up-regulation of the gene expression associated with antioxidant enzymes, paclitaxel synthesis enzymes, and paclitaxel synthesis transcription factors; this ultimately increased the production of paclitaxel.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Shujie Wang
- College of Biology and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yu C, Hou K, Zhang H, Liang X, Chen C, Wang Z, Wu Q, Chen G, He J, Bai E, Li X, Du T, Wang Y, Wang M, Feng S, Wang H, Shen C. Integrated mass spectrometry imaging and single-cell transcriptome atlas strategies provide novel insights into taxoid biosynthesis and transport in Taxus mairei stems. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 115:1243-1260. [PMID: 37219365 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Taxol, which is a widely used important chemotherapeutic agent, was originally isolated from Taxus stem barks. However, little is known about the precise distribution of taxoids and the transcriptional regulation of taxoid biosynthesis across Taxus stems. Here, we used MALDI-IMS analysis to visualize the taxoid distribution across Taxus mairei stems and single-cell RNA sequencing to generate expression profiles. A single-cell T. mairei stem atlas was created, providing a spatial distribution pattern of Taxus stem cells. Cells were reordered using a main developmental pseudotime trajectory which provided temporal distribution patterns in Taxus stem cells. Most known taxol biosynthesis-related genes were primarily expressed in epidermal, endodermal, and xylem parenchyma cells, which caused an uneven taxoid distribution across T. mairei stems. We developed a single-cell strategy to screen novel transcription factors (TFs) involved in taxol biosynthesis regulation. Several TF genes, such as endodermal cell-specific MYB47 and xylem parenchyma cell-specific NAC2 and bHLH68, were implicated as potential regulators of taxol biosynthesis. Furthermore, an ATP-binding cassette family transporter gene, ABCG2, was proposed as a potential taxoid transporter candidate. In summary, we generated a single-cell Taxus stem metabolic atlas and identified molecular mechanisms underpinning the cell-specific transcriptional regulation of the taxol biosynthesis pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunna Yu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Kailin Hou
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Hongshan Zhang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
- Kharkiv Institute, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Xueshuang Liang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Zhijing Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Qicong Wu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Ganlin Chen
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Jiaxu He
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Enhui Bai
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Xinfen Li
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Tingrui Du
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Yifan Wang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Mingshuang Wang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Shangguo Feng
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Huizhong Wang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Chenjia Shen
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
- Kharkiv Institute, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Raeispour Shirazi M, Rahpeyma SA, Rashidi Monfared S, Zolala J, Lohrasbi-Nejad A. Identification and in-silico characterization of taxadien-5α-ol-O-acetyltransferase (TDAT) gene in Corylus avellana L. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0256704. [PMID: 34449796 PMCID: PMC8396717 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Paclitaxel® (PC) is one of the most effective and profitable anti-cancer drugs. The most promising sources of this compound are natural materials such as tissue cultures of Taxus species and, more recently, hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.). A large part of the PC biosynthetic pathway in the yew tree and a few steps in the hazelnut have been identified. Since understanding the biosynthetic pathway of plant-based medicinal metabolites is an effective step toward their development and engineering, this paper aimed to identify taxadiene-5α-ol-O-acetyltransferase (TDAT) in hazelnut. TDAT is one of the key genes involved in the third step of the PC biosynthetic pathway. In this study, the TDAT gene was isolated using the nested-PCR method and then characterized. The cotyledon-derived cell mass induced with 150 μM of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) was utilized to isolate RNA and synthesize the first-strand cDNA. The full-length cDNA of TDAT is 1423 bp long and contains a 1302 bp ORF encoding 433 amino acids. The phylogenetic analysis of this gene revealed high homology with its ortholog genes in Quercus suber and Juglans regia. Bioinformatics analyses were used to predict the secondary and tertiary structures of the protein. Due to the lack of signal peptide, protein structure prediction suggested that this protein may operate at the cytoplasm. The homologous superfamily of the T5AT protein, encoded by TDAT, has two domains. The highest and lowest hydrophobicity of amino acids were found in proline 142 and lysine 56, respectively. T5AT protein fragment had 24 hydrophobic regions. The tertiary structure of this protein was designed using Modeler software (V.9.20), and its structure was verified based on the results of the Verify3D (89.46%) and ERRAT (90.3061) programs. The T5AT enzyme belongs to the superfamily of the transferase, and the amino acids histidine 164, cysteine 165, leucine 166, histidine 167, and Aspartic acid 168 resided at its active site. More characteristics of TDAT, which would aid PC engineering programs and maximize its production in hazelnut, were discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mona Raeispour Shirazi
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Sara Alsadat Rahpeyma
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
- * E-mail:
| | - Sajad Rashidi Monfared
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jafar Zolala
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Azadeh Lohrasbi-Nejad
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Shao F, Wilson IW, Qiu D. The Research Progress of Taxol in Taxus. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2021; 22:360-366. [PMID: 32564747 DOI: 10.2174/1389201021666200621163333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Taxus is a valuable woody species with important medicinal value. The bark of Taxus can produce taxol, a natural antineoplastic drug that is widely used in the treatment of breast, ovarian and lung cancers. However, the low content of taxol in the bark of Taxus can not meet the growing clinical demands, so the current research aims at finding ways to increase taxol production. OBJECTIVE In this review, the research progress of taxol including the factors affecting the taxol content, biosynthesis pathway of taxol, production of taxol in vitro and the application of multi-omics approaches in Taxus as well as future research prospects will be discussed. RESULTS The taxol content is not only dependent on the species, age and tissues but is also affected by light, moisture levels, temperature, soil fertility and microbes. Most of the enzymes in the taxol biosynthesis pathway have been identified and characterized. Total chemical synthesis, semi-synthesis, plant cell culture and biosynthesis in endophytic fungi have been explored to product taxol. Multi-omics have been used to study Taxus and taxol. CONCLUSION Further efforts in the identification of unknown enzymes in the taxol biosynthesis pathway, establishment of the genetic transformation system in Taxus and the regulatory mechanism of taxol biosynthesis and Taxus cell growth will play a significant role in improving the yield of taxol in Taxus cells and plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fenjuan Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry Administration, The Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Iain W Wilson
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Deyou Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry Administration, The Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wang T, Li L, Zhuang W, Zhang F, Shu X, Wang N, Wang Z. Recent Research Progress in Taxol Biosynthetic Pathway and Acylation Reactions Mediated by Taxus Acyltransferases. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26102855. [PMID: 34065782 PMCID: PMC8151764 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26102855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Taxol is one of the most effective anticancer drugs in the world that is widely used in the treatments of breast, lung and ovarian cancer. The elucidation of the taxol biosynthetic pathway is the key to solve the problem of taxol supply. So far, the taxol biosynthetic pathway has been reported to require an estimated 20 steps of enzymatic reactions, and sixteen enzymes involved in the taxol pathway have been well characterized, including a novel taxane-10β-hydroxylase (T10βOH) and a newly putative β-phenylalanyl-CoA ligase (PCL). Moreover, the source and formation of the taxane core and the details of the downstream synthetic pathway have been basically depicted, while the modification of the core taxane skeleton has not been fully reported, mainly concerning the developments from diol intermediates to 2-debenzoyltaxane. The acylation reaction mediated by specialized Taxus BAHD family acyltransferases (ACTs) is recognized as one of the most important steps in the modification of core taxane skeleton that contribute to the increase of taxol yield. Recently, the influence of acylation on the functional and structural diversity of taxanes has also been continuously revealed. This review summarizes the latest research advances of the taxol biosynthetic pathway and systematically discusses the acylation reactions supported by Taxus ACTs. The underlying mechanism could improve the understanding of taxol biosynthesis, and provide a theoretical basis for the mass production of taxol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China; (T.W.); (L.L.); (W.Z.); (F.Z.); (X.S.); (N.W.)
| | - Lingyu Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China; (T.W.); (L.L.); (W.Z.); (F.Z.); (X.S.); (N.W.)
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Weibing Zhuang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China; (T.W.); (L.L.); (W.Z.); (F.Z.); (X.S.); (N.W.)
| | - Fengjiao Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China; (T.W.); (L.L.); (W.Z.); (F.Z.); (X.S.); (N.W.)
| | - Xiaochun Shu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China; (T.W.); (L.L.); (W.Z.); (F.Z.); (X.S.); (N.W.)
| | - Ning Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China; (T.W.); (L.L.); (W.Z.); (F.Z.); (X.S.); (N.W.)
| | - Zhong Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China; (T.W.); (L.L.); (W.Z.); (F.Z.); (X.S.); (N.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-025-84347055
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Yu C, Zhang C, Xu X, Huang J, Chen Y, Luo X, Wang H, Shen C. Omic analysis of the endangered Taxaceae species Pseudotaxus chienii revealed the differences in taxol biosynthesis pathway between Pseudotaxus and Taxus yunnanensis trees. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:104. [PMID: 33622251 PMCID: PMC7903646 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-02883-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Taxol is an efficient anticancer drug accumulated in Taxus species. Pseudotaxus chienii is an important member of Taxaceae, however, the level of six taxoids in P. chienii is largely unknown. RESULTS High accumulation of 10-DAB, taxol, and 7-E-PTX suggested that P. chienii is a good taxol-yielding species for large-scale cultivation. By the omics approaches, a total of 3,387 metabolites and 61,146 unigenes were detected and annotated. Compared with a representative Taxus tree (Taxus yunnanensis), most of the differentially accumulated metabolites and differential expressed genes were assigned into 10 primary and secondary metabolism pathways. Comparative analyses revealed the variations in the precursors and intermediate products of taxol biosynthesis between P. chienii and T. yunnanensis. Taxusin-like metabolites highly accumulated in P. chienii, suggesting a wider value of P. chienii in pharmaceutical industry. CONCLUSIONS In our study, the occurrence of taxoids in P. chienii was determined. The differential expression of key genes involved in the taxol biosynthesis pathway is the major cause of the differential accumulation of taxoids. Moreover, identification of a number of differentially expressed transcription factors provided more candidate regulators of taxol biosynthesis. Our study may help to reveal the differences between Pseudotaxus and Taxus trees, and promote resource utilization of the endangered and rarely studied P. chienii.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunna Yu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036 China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036 China
| | - Chengchao Zhang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036 China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036 China
| | - Xinyun Xu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036 China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036 China
| | - Jiefang Huang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036 China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036 China
| | - Yueyue Chen
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036 China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036 China
| | - Xiujun Luo
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036 China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036 China
| | - Huizhong Wang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036 China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036 China
| | - Chenjia Shen
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036 China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036 China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Mutanda I, Li J, Xu F, Wang Y. Recent Advances in Metabolic Engineering, Protein Engineering, and Transcriptome-Guided Insights Toward Synthetic Production of Taxol. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:632269. [PMID: 33614616 PMCID: PMC7892896 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.632269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The diterpenoid paclitaxel (Taxol®) is a blockbuster anticancer agent that was originally isolated from the Pacific yew (Taxus brevifolia) five decades ago. Despite the wealth of information gained over the years on Taxol research, there still remains supply issues to meet increasing clinical demand. Although alternative Taxol production methods have been developed, they still face several drawbacks that cause supply shortages and high production costs. It is highly desired to develop biotechnological production platforms for Taxol, however, there are still gaps in our understanding of the biosynthetic pathway, catalytic enzymes, regulatory and control mechanisms that hamper production of this critical drug by synthetic biology approaches. Over the past 5 years, significant advances were made in metabolic engineering and optimization of the Taxol pathway in different hosts, leading to accumulation of taxane intermediates. Computational and experimental approaches were leveraged to gain mechanistic insights into the catalytic cycle of pathway enzymes and guide rational protein engineering efforts to improve catalytic fitness and substrate/product specificity, especially of the cytochrome P450s (CYP450s). Notable breakthroughs were also realized in engineering the pathway in plant hosts that are more promising in addressing the challenging CYP450 chemistry. Here, we review these recent advances and in addition, we summarize recent transcriptomic data sets of Taxus species and elicited culture cells, and give a bird's-eye view of the information that can be gleaned from these publicly available resources. Recent mining of transcriptome data sets led to discovery of two putative pathway enzymes, provided many lead candidates for the missing steps and provided new insights on the regulatory mechanisms governing Taxol biosynthesis. All these inferences are relevant to future biotechnological production of Taxol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ishmael Mutanda
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianhua Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Fanglin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, He’nan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhang K, Fan W, Chen D, Jiang L, Li Y, Yao Z, Yang Y, Qiu D. Selection and validation of reference genes for quantitative gene expression normalization in Taxus spp. Sci Rep 2020; 10:22205. [PMID: 33335184 PMCID: PMC7747704 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79213-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) is commonly used to measure gene expression to further explore gene function, while suitable reference genes must be stably expressed under different experimental conditions to obtain accurate and reproducible data for relative quantification. Taxol or paclitaxel is an important anticancer compound mainly identified in Taxus spp. The molecular mechanism of the regulation of taxol biosynthesis is current research goal. However, in the case of Taxus spp., few reports were published on screening suitable reference genes as internal controls for qRT-PCR. Here, eight reference genes were selected as candidate reference genes for further study. Common statistical algorithms geNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper, ΔCt, and RefFinder were used to analyze the data from samples collected from a cell line of Taxus × media under various experimental conditions and from tissues of Taxus chinensis var. mairei. The expression patterns of TcMYC under salicylic acid treatment differed significantly, with the best and worst reference genes in the cell line. This study screened out suitable reference genes (GAPDH1 and SAND) under different treatments and tissues for the accurate and reliable normalization of the qRT-PCR expression data of Taxus spp. At the same time, this study will aid future research on taxol biosynthesis-related genes expression in Taxus spp., and can also be directly used to other related species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaikai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry Administration, The Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China.,College of Horticulture, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Wei Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Duanfen Chen
- College of Horticulture, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Luyuan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry Administration, The Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China.,College of Horticulture, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Yunfeng Li
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Zhiwang Yao
- College of Horticulture, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Yanfang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry Administration, The Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China.
| | - Deyou Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry Administration, The Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Gai QY, Jiao J, Wang X, Liu J, Fu YJ, Lu Y, Wang ZY, Xu XJ. Simultaneous determination of taxoids and flavonoids in twigs and leaves of three Taxus species by UHPLC-MS/MS. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 189:113456. [PMID: 32653816 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Taxus species are highly concerned due to the presence of anticancer taxoids (especially paclitaxel) and health beneficial flavonoids. For the first time, an UHPLC-MS/MS method was developed for the simultaneous determination of seven taxoids and seven flavonoids in twigs and leaves of three Taxus species. The satisfactory separation of fourteen target compounds was achieved within 5 min of running time on an Agilent ZORBAX Eclipse Plus C18 column (50 mm × 2.1 mm I.D., 1.8 μm) using an acetonitrile-water gradient elution program. Mass transitions of all analytes in selected reaction monitoring acquisition mode were systematically optimized for obtaining the highest signal intensities. Regression equations of all analytes exhibited excellent linearities with coefficients higher than 0.9990, and the lowest limits of quantification of all analytes ranged from 0.01 to 1.66 ng/mL. The intra- and inter-day precisions (relative standard deviations) of all analytes were less than 4.17% for retention time and less than 7.42% for peak area, and the spiking standard recoveries of all analytes ranged from 96.85%-104.77%. By the aid of the proposed method, the distribution of fourteen target compounds in twigs and leaves of Taxus chinensis, Taxus cuspidata, and Taxus media was clearly figured out. Overall, the present work provided a rapid and valid UHPLC-MS/MS approach, which could not only be useful for quality control and applicability assessment of twigs and leaves of the three Taxus species in pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industries, but also offer a good reference for the systematic analysis of taxoids and flavonoids in other Taxus species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Yan Gai
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Forest Bio-Preparation, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China; College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, PR China
| | - Jiao Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Forest Bio-Preparation, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China; College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, PR China.
| | - Xin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Forest Bio-Preparation, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China; College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, PR China
| | - Jing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Forest Bio-Preparation, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China; College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, PR China
| | - Yu-Jie Fu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Forest Bio-Preparation, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China; College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, PR China.
| | - Yao Lu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Forest Bio-Preparation, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China; College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, PR China
| | - Zi-Ying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Forest Bio-Preparation, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China; College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, PR China
| | - Xiao-Jie Xu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Forest Bio-Preparation, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China; College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Screening of functional monomers and solvents for the molecular imprinting of paclitaxel separation: a theoretical study. J Mol Model 2020; 26:26. [PMID: 31927620 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-019-4277-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The interactions between the template molecule paclitaxel (PTX) and seven functional monomers containing methacrylic acid (MA), acrolein (AC), 4-vinylbenzoic acid (4VA), acrylonitrile (AN), 2-vinylpyridine (2VP), 2,6-bisacrylamide pyridine (BAP) and methyl methacrylate (MM) were systematically investigated adopting the density functional theory (DFT) method. Moreover, the different binding sites on PTX and solvents embracing chloroform, acetone, ethanol, methanol, and acetonitrile were considered. The calculated solvent energies (ΔEsolvent) and template-monomer binding energies (ΔEb) suggest that the chloroform is the most suitable solvent for the molecular imprinting reaction of PTX among the studied five solvents. Furthermore, from the obtained ΔEb, we can find that the monomer 4VA combining with PTX in the form of the specific intermolecular hydrogen bonds would present the most stable structure among the investigated monomers. These results can provide valuable theoretical guidance for the efficient extraction of PTX by the molecular imprinting technique in experiments. Graphical abstracts.
Collapse
|
13
|
Zhao X, Wang M, Chai J, Li Q, Zhou Y, Li Y, Cai X. De novo assembly and characterization of the transcriptome and development of microsatellite markers in a Chinese endemic Euphorbia kansui. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2020.1788992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xueyan Zhao
- Shaanxi Engineering Research Centre for Conservation and Utilization of Botanical Resources, Xi’an Botanical Garden of Shaanxi Province (Institute of Botany of Shaanxi Province), Xi’an, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi’an, PR China
| | - Meng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi’an, PR China
| | - Jia Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital and School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University (Air Force Medical University), Xi’an, PR China
| | - Qian Li
- Shaanxi Engineering Research Centre for Conservation and Utilization of Botanical Resources, Xi’an Botanical Garden of Shaanxi Province (Institute of Botany of Shaanxi Province), Xi’an, PR China
| | - Yafu Zhou
- Shaanxi Engineering Research Centre for Conservation and Utilization of Botanical Resources, Xi’an Botanical Garden of Shaanxi Province (Institute of Botany of Shaanxi Province), Xi’an, PR China
| | - Yan Li
- Shaanxi Engineering Research Centre for Conservation and Utilization of Botanical Resources, Xi’an Botanical Garden of Shaanxi Province (Institute of Botany of Shaanxi Province), Xi’an, PR China
| | - Xia Cai
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi’an, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Metabolic Variations of Flavonoids in Leaves of T. media and T. mairei Obtained by UPLC-ESI-MS/MS. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24183323. [PMID: 31547329 PMCID: PMC6767174 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24183323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The needles of Taxus species contain a large number of bioactive compounds, such as flavonoids. In the present study, the total flavonoid content in leaves of Taxus media and Taxus mairei was 19.953 and 14.464 mg/g, respectively. A total of 197 flavonoid metabolites (70 flavones, 42 flavonols, 26 flavone C-glycosides, 20 flavanones, 15 anthocyanins, 13 isoflavones, 6 flavonolignans, and 5 proanthocyanidins) were identified for the first time by a widely targeted Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography-Electrospray Ionization-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-MS/MS) method within the two Taxus species, containing 160 common metabolites, with 37 unique metabolites merely determined in T. mairei or T. media. Moreover, 42 differential flavonoid metabolites were screened in the two Taxus species, which showed specific metabolic patterns in isoflavonoid biosynthesis, anthocyanin biosynthesis, and flavone and flavonol biosynthesis pathways. Compared to T. mairei, a more activated phenylpropanoid pathway was found in T. media, which could be responsible for the higher content of total flavonoids in T. media. Our results provide new insights into the diversity of flavonoid metabolites between T. mairei and T. media, and provide a theoretical basis for the sufficient utilization of Taxus species and the development of novel drugs.
Collapse
|
15
|
Transcriptome Sequencing Reveals Regulatory Mechanisms of Taxol Synthesis in Taxus wallichiana var. Mairei. Int J Genomics 2019; 2019:1596895. [PMID: 31192250 PMCID: PMC6525947 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1596895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Taxol is one of the most potent and effective anticancer drugs and is originally isolated from Taxus species. To investigate the specific regulatory mechanisms of taxol synthesis in Taxus wallichiana var. mairei, RNA-seq was conducted to reveal the differences in transcriptional levels between wild type (WT) and “Jinxishan” (JXS), a cultivar selected from a population of Taxus mairei that shows about 3-fold higher taxol content in the needles than WT. Our results indicated that high expressions of the genes taxadienol acetyltransferase (TAT), taxadiene 5-alpha hydroxylase (T5H), 5-alpha-taxadienol-10-beta-hydroxylase (T10OH), and 2-debenzoyl-7,13-diacetylbaccatin III-2-O-benzoyl-transferase (DBBT), which catalyze a series of key acetylation and hydroxylation steps, are the main cause of high taxol content in JXS. Moreover, in the present study, the activation of jasmonic acid (JA) signal transduction and its crosstalk with gibberellin (GA), auxin, and ethylene (ET) explained the elevation of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from the taxol biosynthesis pathway. This also indicates that taxol biosynthesis in T. mairei is associated with the balance of cell development and defense. TF-encoding (transcriptional factor) genes, represented by the ethylene-responsive transcription factor (ERF), basic/helix-loop-helix (bHLH), MYB, and WRKY families, were detected as differentially expressed between JXS and WT, further indicating that the regulation of hormone signaling on taxol biosynthesis genes was mediated by transcription factors (TFs). To our knowledge, this is the first study to illustrate the regulatory mechanisms of taxol synthesis in a new cultivar of T. mairei with a high taxol content in its needles. These transcriptome data provide reasonable explanations for the variation of taxol content between WT and JXS.
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhou T, Luo X, Yu C, Zhang C, Zhang L, Song YB, Dong M, Shen C. Transcriptome analyses provide insights into the expression pattern and sequence similarity of several taxol biosynthesis-related genes in three Taxus species. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:33. [PMID: 30665359 PMCID: PMC6341696 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-1645-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Taxol is an efficient anticancer drug; however, the accumulation of taxoids can vary hugely among Taxus species. The mechanism underlying differential accumulation of taxoids is largely unknown. Thus, comparative analysis of the transcriptomes in three Taxus species, including T. media, T. mairei and T. cuspidata, was performed. RESULTS KEGG enrichment analysis revealed that the diterpenoid biosynthesis and cytochrome P450 pathways were significantly enriched in different comparisons. Differential expressions of these taxol biosynthesis related genes might be a potential explanation for the interspecific differential accumulation of taxol and its derivatives. Besides, the sequences of several MEP pathway-associated genes, such as DXS, DXR, MCT, CMK, MDS, HDS, HDR, IPPI, and GGPPS, were re-assembled based on independent transcriptomes from the three Taxus species. Phylogenetic analysis of these MEP pathway-associated enzymes also showed a high sequence similarity between T. media and T. cuspidata. Moreover, 48 JA-related transcription factor (TF) genes, including 10 MYBs, 5 ERFs, 4 RAPs, 3 VTCs, and 26 other TFs, were analyzed. Differential expression of these JA-related TF genes suggested distinct responses to exogenous JA applications in the three Taxus species. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide insights into the expression pattern and sequence similarity of several taxol biosynthesis-related genes in three Taxus species. The data give us an opportunity to reveal the mechanism underlying the variations in the taxoid contents and to select the highest-yielding Taxus species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhou
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036 China
| | - Xiujun Luo
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036 China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036 China
| | - Chunna Yu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036 China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036 China
| | - Chengchao Zhang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036 China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036 China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6430 USA
| | - Yao-bin Song
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036 China
- Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036 China
| | - Ming Dong
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036 China
- Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036 China
| | - Chenjia Shen
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036 China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036 China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Mubeen S, Li ZL, Huang QM, He CT, Yang ZY. Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Revealed the Tissue-Specific Accumulations of Taxanes among Three Experimental Lines of Taxus yunnanensis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:10410-10420. [PMID: 30208705 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b03502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Taxus yunnanensis (Yew) is known for natural anticancer metabolite paclitaxel (Taxol) and its biosynthesis pathway in yew species still needs to be completely elucidated. In the current study, productions of paclitaxel and 10-DAB III from three different tissues (needle, branch, and root) of T. yunnanensis wild type (WT) and two new cultivars Zhongda-1 (Zd1) and Zhongda-2 (Zd2) were determined, and significant tissue differences in contents of the taxanes were observed among the three experimental lines. The much higher 10-DAB III and lower paclitaxel contents in needle of Zd2 when compared with that of Zd1 indicated the low conversion from 10-DAB III to paclitaxel in the needle of Zd2. In order to uncover the mechanisms of the tissue-specific biosynthesis of the taxanes, transcriptome analysis of cultivar Zd2 was conducted, and the previously reported transcriptome data of Zd1 and WT were used to perform a comparison. The enhancement of TDAT and T10βH side biosynthetic pathway in roots of Zd2 in early taxane synthesis might lead to the biosynthesis of other toxoids, while the preference of T13αH route in the needle and branch of Zd2 was mainly responsible for the tissue-specific reinforced biosynthesis of 10-DAB III and paclitaxel in Zd2. Different from Zd1, the tissue-specific pattern of paclitaxel biosynthesis genes in Zd2 was similar to WT. However, the lower transcript abundance of final steps genes (TBT, DBAT, BAPT, and DBTNBT) of the paclitaxel biosynthesis pathway in Zd2 than in Zd1 might further promote 10-DAB III accumulation in Zd2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samavia Mubeen
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences , Sun Yat-Sen University , Xingang Xi Road 135 , Guangzhou 510275 , China
| | - Zhi-Liang Li
- MeiZhou ZhongTian Medicinal Research Institute , Meizhou 514021 , China
| | - Qiao-Ming Huang
- MeiZhou ZhongTian Medicinal Research Institute , Meizhou 514021 , China
| | - Chun-Tao He
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences , Sun Yat-Sen University , Xingang Xi Road 135 , Guangzhou 510275 , China
| | - Zhong-Yi Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences , Sun Yat-Sen University , Xingang Xi Road 135 , Guangzhou 510275 , China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Shahid M, Pinelli E, Dumat C. Tracing trends in plant physiology and biochemistry: Need of databases from genetic to kingdom level. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2018; 127:630-635. [PMID: 29747147 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Revised: 04/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
With the rapid advancement in technologies over recent decades, abundant data regarding plant physiological/biochemical responses to stress conditions are now available. Comparing plant stress responses using latest statistical software and analytical models can trace very interesting and useful trends in literature data, which can be of high use for future research and policy making. This model study uses principal component analysis (PCA) to compare physiological/biochemical responses of Vicia faba plant against Pb stress chelated by ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) or citric acid (CA). PCA confirmed the descriptive analysis and divided all the treatments into two main groups: toxic (Pb alone, Pb-CA-a and Pb-CA-b), and non-toxic (control, EDTA-b, CA-b, Pb-EDTA-a and Pb-EDTA-b) treatments. PCA analysis further revealed the effectiveness of different plant physiological/biochemical responses under Pb stress: glutathione reductase (GR) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) are the main enzymes reacting against Pb toxicity in relation with Pb uptake by V. faba roots, while GR reacts alone in leaves. It is proposed, using latest statistical tests and software, that the comparison and correlation of physiological responses and analytical techniques can be applied at various levels and types of stresses and responses of living organisms to develop a larger dataset based on existing literature. The trends marked out can be correlated with biochemical and physiological processes/mechanisms taking place at genetic-cellular level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shahid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Vehari, Pakistan.
| | - Eric Pinelli
- Université de Toulouse, INP-ENSAT, Av. de l'Agrobiopôle, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France; UMR 5245 CNRS-INP-UPS, EcoLab (Laboratoire d'écologie fonctionnelle), 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Camille Dumat
- Centre d'Etude et de Recherche Travail Organisation Pouvoir (CERTOP), UMR5044, Université J. Jaurès - Toulouse II, 5 Allée Antonio Machado, 31058 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| |
Collapse
|