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Su KC, Radul E, Maier NK, Tsang MJ, Goul C, Moodie B, Keys HR, Cheeseman IM. Functional genetics reveals modulators of anti-microtubule drug sensitivity. bioRxiv 2024:2024.03.12.584469. [PMID: 38559203 PMCID: PMC10979949 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.12.584469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Microtubules play essential roles in diverse cellular processes and are important pharmacological targets for treating human disease. Here, we sought to identify cellular factors that modulate the sensitivity of cells to anti-microtubule drugs. We conducted a genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9-based functional genetics screen in human cells treated with the microtubule-destabilizing drug nocodazole or the microtubule-stabilizing drug taxol. We further conducted a focused secondary screen to test drug sensitivity for ~1400 gene targets across two distinct human cell lines and to additionally test sensitivity to the Kif11-inhibitor, STLC. These screens defined gene targets whose loss enhances or suppresses sensitivity to anti-microtubule drugs. In addition to gene targets whose loss sensitized cells to multiple compounds, we observed cases of differential sensitivity to specific compounds and differing requirements between cell lines. Our downstream molecular analysis further revealed additional roles for established microtubule-associated proteins and identified new players in microtubule function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Chung Su
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 455 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Elena Radul
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 455 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142
- These authors contributed equally
- Present address: Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Nolan K Maier
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 455 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142
- These authors contributed equally
- Present address: Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Mary-Jane Tsang
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 455 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142
- These authors contributed equally
- Present address: Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Claire Goul
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 455 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142
- Present address: Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA
| | - Brittania Moodie
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 455 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142
| | - Heather R. Keys
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 455 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142
| | - Iain M Cheeseman
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 455 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142
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2
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Xu AP, Xu LB, Smith ER, Fleishman JS, Chen ZS, Xu XX. Cell death in cancer chemotherapy using taxanes. Front Pharmacol 2024; 14:1338633. [PMID: 38249350 PMCID: PMC10796453 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1338633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells evolve to be refractory to the intrinsic programmed cell death mechanisms, which ensure cellular tissue homeostasis in physiological conditions. Chemotherapy using cytotoxic drugs seeks to eliminate cancer cells but spare non-cancerous host cells by exploring a likely subtle difference between malignant and benign cells. Presumably, chemotherapy agents achieve efficacy by triggering programmed cell death machineries in cancer cells. Currently, many major solid tumors are treated with chemotherapy composed of a combination of platinum agents and taxanes. Platinum agents, largely cis-platin, carboplatin, and oxaliplatin, are DNA damaging agents that covalently form DNA addicts, triggering DNA repair response pathways. Taxanes, including paclitaxel, docetaxel, and cabazitaxel, are microtubule stabilizing drugs which are often very effective in purging cancer cells in clinical settings. Generally, it is thought that the stabilization of microtubules by taxanes leads to mitotic arrest, mitotic catastrophe, and the triggering of apoptotic programmed cell death. However, the precise mechanism(s) of how mitotic arrest and catastrophe activate the caspase pathway has not been established. Here, we briefly review literature on the involvement of potential cell death mechanisms in cancer therapy. These include the classical caspase-mediated apoptotic programmed cell death, necroptosis mediated by MLKL, and pore forming mechanisms in immune cells, etc. In particular, we discuss a newly recognized mechanism of cell death in taxane-treatment of cancer cells that involves micronucleation and the irreversible rupture of the nuclear membrane. Since cancer cells are commonly retarded in responding to programmed cell death signaling, stabilized microtubule bundle-induced micronucleation and nuclear membrane rupture, rather than triggering apoptosis, may be a key mechanism accounting for the success of taxanes as anti-cancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana P. Xu
- Department of Biology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, United States
| | - Lucy B. Xu
- Department of Biology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, United States
| | - Elizabeth R. Smith
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Joshua S. Fleishman
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John’s University, Queens, NY, United States
| | - Zhe-Sheng Chen
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John’s University, Queens, NY, United States
| | - Xiang-Xi Xu
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
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3
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Yue Y, Hotta T, Higaki T, Verhey KJ, Ohi R. Microtubule detyrosination by VASH1/SVBP is regulated by the conformational state of tubulin in the lattice. Curr Biol 2023; 33:4111-4123.e7. [PMID: 37716348 PMCID: PMC10592207 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.07.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
Tubulin, a heterodimer of α- and β-tubulin, is a GTPase that assembles into microtubule (MT) polymers whose dynamic properties are intimately coupled to nucleotide hydrolysis. In cells, the organization and dynamics of MTs are further tuned by post-translational modifications (PTMs), which control the ability of MT-associated proteins (MAPs) and molecular motors to engage MTs. Detyrosination is a PTM of α-tubulin, wherein its C-terminal tyrosine residue is enzymatically removed by either the vasohibin (VASH) or MT-associated tyrosine carboxypeptidase (MATCAP) peptidases. How these enzymes generate specific patterns of MT detyrosination in cells is not known. Here, we use a novel antibody-based probe to visualize the formation of detyrosinated MTs in real time and employ single-molecule imaging of VASH1 bound to its regulatory partner small-vasohibin binding protein (SVBP) to understand the process of MT detyrosination in vitro and in cells. We demonstrate that the activity, but not binding, of VASH1/SVBP is much greater on mimics of guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-MTs than on guanosine diphosphate (GDP)-MTs. Given emerging data showing that tubulin subunits in GTP-MTs are in expanded conformation relative to tubulin subunits in GDP-MTs, we reasoned that the lattice conformation of MTs is a key factor that gates the activity of VASH1/SVBP. We show that Taxol, a drug known to expand the MT lattice, promotes MT detyrosination and that CAMSAP2 and CAMSAP3 are two MAPs that spatially regulate detyrosination in cells. Collectively, our work shows that VASH1/SVBP detyrosination is regulated by the conformational state of tubulin in the MT lattice and that this is spatially determined in cells by the activity of MAPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yue
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Takashi Hotta
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Takumi Higaki
- Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan; International Research Organization in Advanced Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
| | - Kristen J Verhey
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Ryoma Ohi
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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Robinson T, Escara-Wilke J, Dai J, Zimmermann J, Keller ET. A CXCR4 inhibitor (balixafortide) enhances docetaxel-mediated antitumor activity in a murine model of prostate cancer bone metastasis. Prostate 2023; 83:1247-1254. [PMID: 37244751 PMCID: PMC10576997 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer (PCa) bone metastases have been shown to be more resistant to docetaxel than soft tissue metastases. The proinflammatory chemokine receptor CXCR4 has been shown to confer resistance to docetaxel (DOC) in PCa cells. Balixafortide (BLX) is a protein epitope mimetic inhibitor of CXCR4. Accordingly, we hypothesized that BLX would enhance DOC-mediated antitumor activity in PCa bone metastases. METHODS PC-3 luciferase-labeled cells were injected into the tibia of mice to model bone metastases. Four treatment groups were created: vehicle, DOC (5 mg/kg), BLX (20 mg/kg), and combo (receiving both DOC and BLX). Mice were injected twice daily subcutaneously with either vehicle or BLX starting on Day 1 and weekly intraperitoneally with DOC starting on Day 1. Tumor burden was measured weekly via bioluminescent imaging. At end of study (29 days), radiographs were taken of the tibiae and blood was collected. Serum levels of TRAcP, IL-2, and IFNγ levels were measured using ELISA. Harvested tibiae were decalcified and stained for Ki67, cleaved caspase-3, and CD34 positive cells or microvessels were quantified. RESULTS Tumor burden was lower in the combo group compared to the DOC alone group. Treatment with the combination had no impact on the number of mice with osteolytic lesions, however the area of osteolytic lesions was lower in the combo group compared to the vehicle and BLX groups, but not the DOC group. Serum TRAcP levels were lower in the combo compared to vehicle group, but not the other groups. No significant difference in Ki67 staining was found among the groups; whereas, cleaved caspase-3 staining was lowest in the Combo group and highest in the BLX group. The DOC and combo groups had more CD34+ microvessels than the control and BLX groups. There was no difference between the treatment groups for IL-2, but the combo group had increased levels of IFNγ compared to the DOC group. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate that a combination of BAL and DOC has greater antitumor activity in a model of PCa bone metastases than either drug alone. These data support further evaluation of this combination in metastatic PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler Robinson
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | | | - Jinlu Dai
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | | | - Evan T Keller
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
- Single Cell Spatial Analysis Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
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5
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Klein I, Isensee J, Wiesen MHJ, Imhof T, Wassermann MK, Müller C, Hucho T, Koch M, Lehmann HC. Glycyrrhizic Acid Prevents Paclitaxel-Induced Neuropathy via Inhibition of OATP-Mediated Neuronal Uptake. Cells 2023; 12:cells12091249. [PMID: 37174648 PMCID: PMC10177491 DOI: 10.3390/cells12091249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Peripheral neuropathy is a common side effect of cancer treatment with paclitaxel. The mechanisms by which paclitaxel is transported into neurons, which are essential for preventing neuropathy, are not well understood. We studied the uptake mechanisms of paclitaxel into neurons using inhibitors for endocytosis, autophagy, organic anion-transporting polypeptide (OATP) drug transporters, and derivatives of paclitaxel. RT-qPCR was used to investigate the expression levels of OATPs in different neuronal tissues and cell lines. OATP transporters were pharmacologically inhibited or modulated by overexpression and CRISPR/Cas9-knock-out to investigate paclitaxel transport in neurons. Through these experiments, we identified OATP1A1 and OATP1B2 as the primary neuronal transporters for paclitaxel. In vitro inhibition of OATP1A1 and OAT1B2 by glycyrrhizic acid attenuated neurotoxicity, while paclitaxel's antineoplastic effects were sustained in cancer cell lines. In vivo, glycyrrhizic acid prevented paclitaxel-induced toxicity and improved behavioral and electrophysiological measures. This study indicates that a set of OATPs are involved in paclitaxel transport into neurons. The inhibition of OATP1A1 and OATP1B2 holds a promising strategy to prevent paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Klein
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Jörg Isensee
- Translational Pain Research, Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Martin H J Wiesen
- Pharmacology at the Laboratory Diagnostics Center, Therapeutic Drug Monitoring, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Thomas Imhof
- Center for Biochemistry, Institute for Dental Research and Oral Musculoskeletal Research, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Meike K Wassermann
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Carsten Müller
- Pharmacology at the Laboratory Diagnostics Center, Therapeutic Drug Monitoring, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Tim Hucho
- Translational Pain Research, Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Manuel Koch
- Center for Biochemistry, Institute for Dental Research and Oral Musculoskeletal Research, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Helmar C Lehmann
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Leverkusen, 51375 Leverkusen, Germany
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6
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Długosz-Pokorska A, Perlikowska R, Janecki T, Janecka A. New Uracil Analog with Exocyclic Methylidene Group Can Reverse Resistance to Taxol in MCF-7 Cancer Cells. Biologics 2023; 17:69-83. [PMID: 37213261 PMCID: PMC10198386 DOI: 10.2147/btt.s405080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Taxol (Tx), a microtubule-stabilizing drug, has been widely used as a chemotherapeutic in several types of cancer. However, the development of resistance limited its application. One of the strategies used to prevent the emergence of drug resistance is combination treatment, involving at least two drugs. The aim of the current study was to assess if a new uracil analog, 3-p-bromophenyl-1-ethyl-5-methylidenedihydrouracil (U-359) can prevent the development of Tx resistance in breast cancer cells. Methods The cytotoxicity of the new drug was tested in MCF-7 (hormone receptor (ER, PR) positive cell-line) and MCF-10A cell lines using MTT method. For the detection of apoptosis and necrosis, the Wright and Giemsa staining was used. Gene expression was measured by real-time PCR, and changes in the protein levels were evaluated by ELISA and bioluminescent method. Results We investigated the effect of Tx and U-359 on cancer MCF-7 and normal MCF-10A cells alone and in combination. Tx co-administered with U-359 inhibited proliferation of MCF-7 cells to 7% while the level of ATPase drastically decreased to 14%, compared with effects produced by Tx alone. The apoptosis process was induced through the mitochondrial pathway. These effects were not seen in MCF-10A cells, showing the wide safety margin. The obtained results have shown that U-359 produced a synergistic effect with Tx probably by reducing Tx resistance in MCF-7 cells. To elucidate the possible mechanism of resistance, expression of tubulin III (TUBIII), responsible for microtubule stabilization and tau and Nlp proteins, responsible for microtubule dynamics, was assessed. Conclusion Combination of Tx with U-359 reduced overexpression of TUBIII and Nlp. Thus, U-359 may stand for a potential reversal agent for the treatment of MDR in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelika Długosz-Pokorska
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
- Correspondence: Angelika Długosz-Pokorska, Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8, Lodz, 92-215, Poland, Tel +48 42 2725706, Fax +48 42 678 42 77, Email
| | - Renata Perlikowska
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Tomasz Janecki
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland
| | - Anna Janecka
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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Ahmed Khalil A, Rauf A, Alhumaydhi FA, Aljohani ASM, Javed MS, Khan MA, Khan IA, El-Esawi MA, Bawazeer S, Bouyahya A, Rebezov M, Shariati MA, Thiruvengadam M. Recent Developments and Anticancer Therapeutics of Paclitaxel: An Update. Curr Pharm Des 2022; 28:3363-3373. [PMID: 36330627 DOI: 10.2174/1381612829666221102155212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Plants are a source of diverse classes of secondary metabolites with anticancer properties. Paclitaxel (Taxol) is an anticancer drug isolated from various Taxus species and is used as a chemotherapeutic agent against various cancers. The biosynthesis of paclitaxel is a complex pathway, making its total chemical synthesis commercially non-viable; hence, alternative novel sources - like plant cell culture and heterologous expression systems, are being investigated to overcome this issue. Advancements in the field of genetic engineering, microbial fermentation engineering, and recombinant techniques have significantly increased the achievable yields of paclitaxel. Indeed, paclitaxel selectively targets microtubules and causes cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase, inducing a cytotoxic effect in a concentration and time-dependent manner. Innovative drug delivery formulations, like the development of albumin-bound nanoparticles, nano-emulsions, nano-suspensions, liposomes, and polymeric micelles, have been applied to enhance the delivery of paclitaxel to tumor cells. This review focuses on the production, biosynthesis, mechanism of action, and anticancer effects of paclitaxel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anees Ahmed Khalil
- University Institute of Diet and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, The University of Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Abdur Rauf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi, Anbar-23561, K.P.K, Pakistan
| | - Fahad A Alhumaydhi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah S M Aljohani
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Sameem Javed
- Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | | | - Imtiaz Ali Khan
- Department of Entomology, University of Peshawar, KP, Pakistan
| | - Mohamed A El-Esawi
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt
| | - Sami Bawazeer
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, P.O. Box 42, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdelhakim Bouyahya
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Human Pathologies Biology, Faculty of Sciences, and Genomic Center of Human Pathologies, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University in Rabat, 10106 Morocco
| | - Maksim Rebezov
- V.M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation.,Prokhorov General Physics Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Mohammad Ali Shariati
- K.G. Razumovsky Moscow State University of Technologies and management (the First Cossack University), Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Muthu Thiruvengadam
- Department of Applied Bioscience, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, South Korea.,Department of Microbiology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai 600077, India
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8
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Dutta S, Bose D, Ghosh S, Chakrabarti A. Spectrin: an alternate target for cytoskeletal drugs. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022:1-12. [PMID: 35994328 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2109063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Cytoskeletal drugs having enormous therapeutic potential act on the cytoskeletal components like actin, tubulin either by promoting polymerization or destabilizing the same. Here we present the interaction of the popular cytoskeletal drugs such as taxol, latrunculin and cytochalasin with spectrin, a huge protein with multi domains that forms the cytoskeletal network. Particularly, the actin binding domain of spectrin regulates the dynamics of the actin cytoskeleton. We followed the binding of these drugs to its actin binding domain and intact spectrin as well. These drugs bind with moderate affinity (Kb ∼ 104 M-1) and the interaction with actin binding domain is entropy driven and hydrophobic in nature as determined by Van't Hoff plot. The docking studies and molecular dynamics simulations further corroborate the experimental findings. Particularly the higher binding constants in the case of latrunculin and cytochalasin to the actin binding domain of spectrin suggest the binding sites are presumably located in its actin binding domain.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sansa Dutta
- Crystallography and Molecular Biology Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.,Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India
| | - Dipayan Bose
- Crystallography and Molecular Biology Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Semanti Ghosh
- Crystallography and Molecular Biology Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Abhijit Chakrabarti
- Crystallography and Molecular Biology Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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9
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Walls LE, Martinez JL, Del Rio Chanona EA, Rios-Solis L. Definitive screening accelerates Taxol biosynthetic pathway optimization and scale up in Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell factories. Biotechnol J 2021; 17:e2100414. [PMID: 34649302 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202100414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent technological advancements in synthetic and systems biology have enabled the construction of microbial cell factories expressing diverse heterologous pathways in unprecedentedly short time scales. However, the translation of such laboratory scale breakthroughs to industrial bioprocesses remains a major bottleneck. METHODS AND MAJOR RESULTS In this study, an accelerated bioprocess development approach was employed to optimize the biosynthetic pathway of the blockbuster chemotherapy drug, Taxol. Statistical design of experiments approaches were coupled with an industrially relevant high-throughput microbioreactor system to optimize production of key Taxol intermediates, Taxadien-5α-ol and Taxadien-5α-yl-acetate, in engineered yeast cell factories. The optimal factor combination was determined via data driven statistical modelling and validated in 1 L bioreactors leading to a 2.1-fold improvement in taxane production compared to a typical defined media. Elucidation and mitigation of nutrient limitation enhanced product titers a further two-fold and titers of the critical Taxol precursors, Taxadien-5α-ol and Taxadien-5α-yl-acetate were improved to 34 and 11 mg L-1 , representing a three-fold improvement compared to the highest literature titers in S. cerevisiae. Comparable titers were obtained when the process was scaled up a further five-fold using 5 L bioreactors. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study highlight the benefits of a holistic design of experiments guided approach to expedite early stage bioprocess development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Walls
- Institute for Bioengineering, School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Centre for Synthetic and Systems Biology (SynthSys), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Section for Synthetic Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - José L Martinez
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Section for Synthetic Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - E Antonio Del Rio Chanona
- Sargent Centre for Process Systems Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Leonardo Rios-Solis
- Institute for Bioengineering, School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Centre for Synthetic and Systems Biology (SynthSys), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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10
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Klein I, Lehmann HC. Pathomechanisms of Paclitaxel-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy. Toxics 2021; 9:229. [PMID: 34678925 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9100229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral neuropathy is one of the most common side effects of chemotherapy, affecting up to 60% of all cancer patients receiving chemotherapy. Moreover, paclitaxel induces neuropathy in up to 97% of all gynecological and urological cancer patients. In cancer cells, paclitaxel induces cell death via microtubule stabilization interrupting cell mitosis. However, paclitaxel also affects cells of the central and peripheral nervous system. The main symptoms are pain and numbness in hands and feet due to paclitaxel accumulation in the dorsal root ganglia. This review describes in detail the pathomechanisms of paclitaxel in the peripheral nervous system. Symptoms occur due to a length-dependent axonal sensory neuropathy, where axons are symmetrically damaged and die back. Due to microtubule stabilization, axonal transport is disrupted, leading to ATP undersupply and oxidative stress. Moreover, mitochondria morphology is altered during paclitaxel treatment. A key player in pain sensation and axonal damage is the paclitaxel-induced inflammation in the spinal cord as well as the dorsal root ganglia. An increased expression of chemokines and cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-8, and TNF-α, but also CXCR4, RAGE, CXCL1, CXCL12, CX3CL1, and C3 promote glial activation and accumulation, and pain sensation. These findings are further elucidated in this review.
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Li L, Chen Y, Ma Y, Wang Z, Wang T, Xie Y. Optimization of Taxol Extraction Process Using Response Surface Methodology and Investigation of Temporal and Spatial Distribution of Taxol in Taxus mairei. Molecules 2021; 26:5485. [PMID: 34576955 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26185485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Taxus mairei is an important source for industrial extraction of taxol in China. However, the standard and steps of extraction are currently not uniform, which seriously affects the taxol yield. In the present study, the influence of four factors (methanol concentration, solid-liquid ratio, ultrasonic extraction temperature, and ultrasonic extraction time) on the taxol yield was successively explored in T. mairei. A response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the extraction process based on the single-factor experiments above. The optimal conditions were as follows: methanol concentration was 90%, solid-liquid ratio was 1:15 (g/mL), ultrasonic extraction temperature was 40 °C and ultrasonic extraction time was 60 min. Moreover, the twigs and needles from T. mairei with different tree ages were treated by the optimum extraction process, which further revealed temporal and spatial distribution of taxol in the reproducible tissues. Interestingly, the taxol content was relatively higher in needles of T. ‘Jinxishan’ (a cultivar from T. mairei with yellow aril, FY), but was less in FY twigs. The accumulation of taxol in twigs and leaves of females (with red aril, FR) was significantly higher than that of males (M); however, the content showed a decreasing trend with the increasing tree ages. Therefore, it is suitable to increase the proportion of female trees especially the FY leaves as raw materials for the industrial production of taxol from T. mairei, and the tree ages should be better controlled at 3–7 years.
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Sasitharan K, Iqbal HA, Bifsa F, Olszewska A, Linton KJ. ABCB1 Does Not Require the Side-Chain Hydrogen-Bond Donors Gln 347, Gln 725, Gln 990 to Confer Cellular Resistance to the Anticancer Drug Taxol. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8561. [PMID: 34445264 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The multidrug efflux transporter ABCB1 is clinically important for drug absorption and distribution and can be a determinant of chemotherapy failure. Recent structure data shows that three glutamines donate hydrogen bonds to coordinate taxol in the drug binding pocket. This is consistent with earlier drug structure-activity relationships that implicated the importance of hydrogen bonds in drug recognition by ABCB1. By replacing the glutamines with alanines we have tested whether any, or all, of Gln347, Gln725, and Gln990 are important for the transport of three different drug classes. Flow cytometric transport assays show that Q347A and Q990A act synergistically to reduce transport of Calcein-AM, BODIPY-verapamil, and OREGON GREEN-taxol bisacetate but the magnitude of the effect was dependent on the test drug and no combination of mutations completely abrogated function. Surprisingly, Q725A mutants generally improved transport of Calcein-AM and BODIPY-verapamil, suggesting that engagement of the wild-type Gln725 in a hydrogen bond is inhibitory for the transport mechanism. To test transport of unmodified taxol, stable expression of Q347/725A and the triple mutant was engineered and shown to confer equivalent resistance to the drug as the wild-type transporter, further indicating that none of these potential hydrogen bonds between transporter and transport substrate are critical for the function of ABCB1. The implications of the data for plasticity of the drug binding pocket are discussed.
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Roncato F, Regev O, Yadav SK, Alon R. Microtubule destabilization is a critical checkpoint of chemotaxis and transendothelial migration in melanoma cells but not in T cells. Cell Adh Migr 2021; 15:166-179. [PMID: 34152257 PMCID: PMC8218694 DOI: 10.1080/19336918.2021.1934958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Microtubules (MTs) control cell shape and intracellular cargo transport. The role of MT turnover in the migration of slow-moving cells through endothelial barriers remains unclear. To irreversibly interfere with MT disassembly, we have used the MT-stabilizing agent zampanolide (ZMP) in Β16F10 melanoma as amodel of slow-moving cells. ZMP-treated B16 cells failed to follow chemotactic gradients across rigid confinements and could not generate stable sub-endothelial pseudopodia under endothelial monolayers. In vivo, ZMP-treated Β16 cells failed to extravasate though lung capillaries. In contrast to melanoma cells, the chemotaxis and transendothelial migration of ZMP-treated Tcells were largely conserved. This is afirst demonstration that MT disassembly is akey checkpoint in the directional migration of cancer cells but not of lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Roncato
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ofer Regev
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | - Ronen Alon
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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Wang T, Li L, Zhuang W, Zhang F, Shu X, Wang N, Wang Z. Recent Research Progress in Taxol Biosynthetic Pathway and Acylation Reactions Mediated by Taxus Acyltransferases. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26102855. [PMID: 34065782 PMCID: PMC8151764 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26102855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Taxol is one of the most effective anticancer drugs in the world that is widely used in the treatments of breast, lung and ovarian cancer. The elucidation of the taxol biosynthetic pathway is the key to solve the problem of taxol supply. So far, the taxol biosynthetic pathway has been reported to require an estimated 20 steps of enzymatic reactions, and sixteen enzymes involved in the taxol pathway have been well characterized, including a novel taxane-10β-hydroxylase (T10βOH) and a newly putative β-phenylalanyl-CoA ligase (PCL). Moreover, the source and formation of the taxane core and the details of the downstream synthetic pathway have been basically depicted, while the modification of the core taxane skeleton has not been fully reported, mainly concerning the developments from diol intermediates to 2-debenzoyltaxane. The acylation reaction mediated by specialized Taxus BAHD family acyltransferases (ACTs) is recognized as one of the most important steps in the modification of core taxane skeleton that contribute to the increase of taxol yield. Recently, the influence of acylation on the functional and structural diversity of taxanes has also been continuously revealed. This review summarizes the latest research advances of the taxol biosynthetic pathway and systematically discusses the acylation reactions supported by Taxus ACTs. The underlying mechanism could improve the understanding of taxol biosynthesis, and provide a theoretical basis for the mass production of taxol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China; (T.W.); (L.L.); (W.Z.); (F.Z.); (X.S.); (N.W.)
| | - Lingyu Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China; (T.W.); (L.L.); (W.Z.); (F.Z.); (X.S.); (N.W.)
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Weibing Zhuang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China; (T.W.); (L.L.); (W.Z.); (F.Z.); (X.S.); (N.W.)
| | - Fengjiao Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China; (T.W.); (L.L.); (W.Z.); (F.Z.); (X.S.); (N.W.)
| | - Xiaochun Shu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China; (T.W.); (L.L.); (W.Z.); (F.Z.); (X.S.); (N.W.)
| | - Ning Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China; (T.W.); (L.L.); (W.Z.); (F.Z.); (X.S.); (N.W.)
| | - Zhong Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China; (T.W.); (L.L.); (W.Z.); (F.Z.); (X.S.); (N.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-025-84347055
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15
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Kuriakose GC, Arathi BP, Divya Lakshmanan M, Jiby MV, Gudde RS, Jayabhaskaran C. Sub-acute Toxicity Assessment of Taxol Isolated From Fusarium Solani, an Endophytic Fungus of Taxus Brevifolia, in Wistar Rats and Analyzing Its Cytotoxicity and Apoptotic Potential in Lung Cancer Cells. Front Oncol 2020; 10:538865. [PMID: 33117679 PMCID: PMC7574678 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.538865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The limited availability of taxol from plant sources has prompted the scientific world to look for an alternative, as in the chemical synthesis of tissue cultures of the Taxus species, to meet the increasing demand for the drug. However, these alternative means are expensive or result in low yield. Previously, we have reported that Fusarium solani isolated from Taxus celebica produced taxol and its precursor baccatin III in liquid-grown cultures, and it exhibited promising anticancerous effects in certain cancer cell lines. In the present study, we examined the sub-acute toxicity of fungal taxol (FS) in Wistar rats according to the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) guidelines. The sub-acute oral administration of FS up to 500 mg/kg for a period of 28 days appears to be safe in rats and did not cause severe treatment-related toxicity or treatment-related death. The observed changes in body weight, histopathology, hematological and biochemical parameters, and organ weight were not significant compared to those in the control group of animals. The results suggest that FS is relatively safe when administered orally in rats. The antiproliferative and apoptosis-inducing activities were studied in A549 (human lung cancer) cell line. FS arrested the cells at S and G2/M phases, leading to apoptosis. The characteristic molecular signatures of apoptosis, such as externalized phosphatidyl serine, DNA fragmentation, and nuclear and chromatin condensation, were observed upon FS treatment. FS triggered the generation of reactive oxygen species in A549 cells and elicited cell death by both extrinsic as well as the mitochondria-mediated intrinsic pathway of apoptosis. These results indicate that endophytic fungi isolated from medicinal plants may serve as potential sources of anticancerous compounds with little side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gini C Kuriakose
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - B P Arathi
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | | | - M V Jiby
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | | | - C Jayabhaskaran
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
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El-Sayed A, Enan G, Al-Mohammadi AR, H. Moustafa A, El-Gazzar N. Detection, Purification and Elucidation of Chemical Structure and Antiproliferative Activity of Taxol Produced by Penicillium chrysogenum. Molecules 2020; 25:E4822. [PMID: 33092293 PMCID: PMC7588014 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25204822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Penicillium chrysogenum has been reported as a potent taxol producer based on quantitative analysis by TLC and HPLC. The biosynthetic potency of taxol has been validated from PCR detection of rate-limiting genes of taxol synthesis such as taxadienesynthase and 10-de-acetylbaccatin III-O-acetyltransferase (DBAT), which catalyzes the immediate diterpenoid precursor of the taxol substance, as detected by PCR. Taxol production by P. chrysogenum was assessed by growing the fungus on different media. Potato dextrose broth (PDB) was shown to be the best medium for obtaining the higher amount of taxol (170 µg/L). A stepwise optimization of culture conditions necessary for production of higher amounts of taxol was investigated. The substance taxol was produced optimally after 18 d of incubation at 30 °C in PDB adjusted initially at pH 8.0 with shaking (120 rpm) (250 µg/L). The P. chrysogenum taxol was purified successfully by HPLC. Instrumental analyzes such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopy, 1HNMR and 13C NMR approved the structural formula of taxol (C47H51NO14), as constructed by ChemDraw. The P. chrysogenum taxol showed promising anticancer activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf El-Sayed
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt; (G.E.); (N.E.-G.)
| | - Gamal Enan
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt; (G.E.); (N.E.-G.)
| | | | - Ahmed H. Moustafa
- Department of Sciences, King Khalid Military Academy, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Nashwa El-Gazzar
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt; (G.E.); (N.E.-G.)
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Zheng XL, Yang JJ, Wang YY, Li Q, Song YP, Su M, Li JK, Zhang L, Li ZP, Zhou B, Lin Y. RIP1 promotes proliferation through G2/M checkpoint progression and mediates cisplatin-induced apoptosis and necroptosis in human ovarian cancer cells. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2020; 41:1223-33. [PMID: 32242118 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-019-0340-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Receptor-interacting protein 1 (RIP1, also known as RIPK1) is not only a tumor-promoting factor in several cancers but also mediates either apoptosis or necroptosis in certain circumstances. In this study we investigated what role RIP1 plays in human ovarian cancer cells. We showed that knockout (KO) of RIP1 substantially suppressed cell proliferation, accompanied by the G2/M checkpoint arrest in two human ovarian cancer cell lines SKOV3 and A2780. On the other hand, RIP1 KO remarkably attenuated cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity, which was associated with reduction of the apoptosis markers PARP cleavage and the necroptosis marker phospho-MLKL. We found that RIP1 KO suppressed cisplatin-induced ROS accumulation in both SKOV3 and A2780 cells. ROS scavenger BHA, apoptosis inhibitor Z-VAD or necroptosis inhibitor NSA could effectively suppress cisplatin’s cytotoxicity in the control cells, suggesting that ROS-mediated apoptosis and necroptosis were involved in cisplatin-induced cell death. In addition, blocking necroptosis with MLKL siRNA effectively attenuated cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity. In human ovarian cancer A2780 cell line xenograft nude mice, RIP1 KO not only significantly suppressed the tumor growth but also greatly attenuated cisplatin’s anticancer activity. Our results demonstrate a dual role of RIP1 in human ovarian cancer: it acts as either a tumor-promoting factor to promote cancer cell proliferation or a tumor-suppressing factor to facilitate anticancer effects of chemotherapeutics such as cisplatin.
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18
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Proudfoot KG, Anderson SJ, Dave S, Bunning AR, Sinha Roy P, Bera A, Gupta ML. Checkpoint Proteins Bub1 and Bub3 Delay Anaphase Onset in Response to Low Tension Independent of Microtubule-Kinetochore Detachment. Cell Rep 2020; 27:416-428.e4. [PMID: 30970246 PMCID: PMC6485967 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) delays anaphase onset until sister chromosomes are bound to microtubules from opposite spindle poles. Only then can dynamic microtubules produce tension across sister kinetochores. The interdependence of kinetochore attachment and tension has proved challenging to understanding SAC mechanisms. Whether the SAC responds simply to kinetochore attachment or to tension status remains obscure. Unlike higher eukaryotes, budding yeast kinetochores bind only one microtubule, simplifying the relation between attachment and tension. We developed a Taxol-sensitive yeast model to reduce tension in fully assembled spindles. Our results show that low tension on bipolar-attached kinetochores delays anaphase onset, independent of detachment. The delay is transient relative to that imposed by unattached kinetochores. Furthermore, it is mediated by Bub1 and Bub3, but not Mad1, Mad2, and Mad3 (BubR1). Our results demonstrate that reduced tension delays anaphase onset via a signal that is temporally and mechanistically distinct from that produced by unattached kinetochores. Kinetochore attachment and tension are critical for proper chromosome segregation, but isolating the contribution of either stimulus has been challenging. Using a Taxol-sensitive yeast model, Proudfoot et al. show that reducing tension specifically produces a delay in mitotic progression that is temporally and mechanistically distinct from that produced by unattached kinetochores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen G Proudfoot
- Genetics, Development, and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Samuel J Anderson
- Genetics, Development, and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Sandeep Dave
- Genetics, Development, and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Angela R Bunning
- Genetics, Development, and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Pallavi Sinha Roy
- Genetics, Development, and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Abesh Bera
- Genetics, Development, and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Mohan L Gupta
- Genetics, Development, and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
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19
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Estévez-Gallego J, Josa-Prado F, Ku S, Buey RM, Balaguer FA, Prota AE, Lucena-Agell D, Kamma-Lorger C, Yagi T, Iwamoto H, Duchesne L, Barasoain I, Steinmetz MO, Chrétien D, Kamimura S, Díaz JF, Oliva MA. Structural model for differential cap maturation at growing microtubule ends. eLife 2020; 9:50155. [PMID: 32151315 PMCID: PMC7064335 DOI: 10.7554/elife.50155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Microtubules (MTs) are hollow cylinders made of tubulin, a GTPase responsible for essential functions during cell growth and division, and thus, key target for anti-tumor drugs. In MTs, GTP hydrolysis triggers structural changes in the lattice, which are responsible for interaction with regulatory factors. The stabilizing GTP-cap is a hallmark of MTs and the mechanism of the chemical-structural link between the GTP hydrolysis site and the MT lattice is a matter of debate. We have analyzed the structure of tubulin and MTs assembled in the presence of fluoride salts that mimic the GTP-bound and GDP•Pi transition states. Our results challenge current models because tubulin does not change axial length upon GTP hydrolysis. Moreover, analysis of the structure of MTs assembled in the presence of several nucleotide analogues and of taxol allows us to propose that previously described lattice expansion could be a post-hydrolysis stage involved in Pi release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Estévez-Gallego
- Structural and Chemical Biology Department, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Josa-Prado
- Structural and Chemical Biology Department, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Siou Ku
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, IGDR (Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes) - UMR 6290, Rennes, France
| | - Ruben M Buey
- Structural and Chemical Biology Department, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Microbiología y Genética, Universidad de Salamanca-Campus Miguel de Unamuno, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Francisco A Balaguer
- Structural and Chemical Biology Department, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrea E Prota
- Division of Biology and Chemistry, Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Lucena-Agell
- Structural and Chemical Biology Department, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Toshiki Yagi
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Iwamoto
- Diffraction and Scattering Division, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Laurence Duchesne
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, IGDR (Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes) - UMR 6290, Rennes, France
| | - Isabel Barasoain
- Structural and Chemical Biology Department, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Michel O Steinmetz
- Division of Biology and Chemistry, Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Biozentrum, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Denis Chrétien
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, IGDR (Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes) - UMR 6290, Rennes, France
| | - Shinji Kamimura
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - J Fernando Díaz
- Structural and Chemical Biology Department, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria A Oliva
- Structural and Chemical Biology Department, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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Liao CF, Hsu ST, Chen CC, Yao CH, Lin JH, Chen YH, Chen YS. Effects of Electrical Stimulation on Peripheral Nerve Regeneration in a Silicone Rubber Conduit in Taxol-Treated Rats. Materials (Basel) 2020; 13:ma13051063. [PMID: 32120862 PMCID: PMC7084817 DOI: 10.3390/ma13051063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Taxol, a type of antimitotic agent, could modulate local inflammatory conditions in peripheral nerves, which may impair their regeneration and recovery when injured. This study provided in vivo trials of silicone rubber chambers to bridge a long 10 mm sciatic nerve defect in taxol-treated rats. It was aimed to determine the effects of electrical stimulation at various frequencies on regeneration of the sciatic nerves in the bridging conduits. Taxol-treated rats were divided into four groups (n = 10/group): sham control (no current delivered from the stimulator); and electrical stimulation (3 times/week for 3 weeks at 2, 20, and 200 Hz with 1 mA current intensity). Neuronal electrophysiology, animal behavior, neuronal connectivity, macrophage infiltration, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) expression levels, and morphological observations were evaluated. At the end of 4 weeks, animals in the low- (2 Hz) and medium-frequency (20 Hz) groups had dramatic higher rates of successful regeneration (90% and 80%) across the wide gap as compared to the groups of sham and high-frequency (200 Hz) (60% and 50%). In addition, the 2 Hz group had significantly larger amplitudes and evoked muscle action potentials compared to the sham and the 200 Hz group, respectively (P < 0.05). Heat, cold plate licking latencies, motor coordination, and neuronal connectivity were unaffected by the electrical stimulation. Macrophage density, CGRP expression level, and axon number were all significantly increased in the 20 Hz group compared to the sham group (P < 0.05). This study suggested that low- (2 Hz) to medium-frequency (20 Hz) electrical stimulation could ameliorate local inflammatory conditions to augment recovery of regenerating nerves by accelerating their regrowth and improving electrophysiological function in taxol-treated peripheral nerve injury repaired with the silicone rubber conduit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Fu Liao
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; (C.-F.L.); (C.-H.Y.)
| | - Shih-Tien Hsu
- Lab of Biomaterials, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan;
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 40705, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Chia Chen
- Linsen Chinese Medicine and Kunming Branch, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei 10341, Taiwan;
| | - Chun-Hsu Yao
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; (C.-F.L.); (C.-H.Y.)
- Lab of Biomaterials, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan;
- Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Department of Psychology, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
- Biomaterials Translational Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Horng Lin
- Department of Fiber and Composite Materials, Feng Chia University, Taichung 40724, Taiwan;
| | - Yung-Hsiang Chen
- Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Department of Psychology, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, Research Center for Chinese Medicine & Acupuncture, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (Y.-H.C.); (Y.-S.C.)
| | - Yueh-Sheng Chen
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; (C.-F.L.); (C.-H.Y.)
- Lab of Biomaterials, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan;
- Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Department of Psychology, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
- Biomaterials Translational Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (Y.-H.C.); (Y.-S.C.)
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21
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Sullivan GP, O'Connor H, Henry CM, Davidovich P, Clancy DM, Albert ML, Cullen SP, Martin SJ. TRAIL Receptors Serve as Stress-Associated Molecular Patterns to Promote ER-Stress-Induced Inflammation. Dev Cell 2020; 52:714-730.e5. [PMID: 32109381 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2020.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation triggered by infection or cellular necrosis is initiated by a battery of pattern-recognition receptors, such as Toll-like receptors or IL-1 family receptors. Diverse forms of cell stress, such as ER stress or mitochondrial stress, can also promote inflammatory responses that contribute to the chronic inflammation observed in cancer, obesity, and other conditions. However, the molecular mechanisms of cell-stress-induced inflammation are poorly understood. Here, we show that ER stress initiated NF-κB activation and inflammation through transcriptional upregulation and ligand-independent activation of TRAIL receptors. ER-stress-induced TRAIL receptor activation resulted in caspase-8/FADD/RIPK1-dependent NF-κB activation and inflammatory cytokine production. Silencing or deletion of TRAIL receptors, or their downstream effectors caspase-8, FADD, or RIPK1, suppressed ER-stress-induced inflammation. Furthermore, chemotherapeutic stress-induced inflammatory responses were blunted in DR5/TRAIL-R null animals. We propose that, upon ER stress, TRAIL receptors serve as "stress-associated molecular patterns (SAMPs)" coupling ER stress to NF-κB-dependent inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graeme P Sullivan
- Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Genetics, The Smurfit Institute, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Hazel O'Connor
- Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Genetics, The Smurfit Institute, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Conor M Henry
- Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Genetics, The Smurfit Institute, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Pavel Davidovich
- Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Genetics, The Smurfit Institute, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Danielle M Clancy
- Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Genetics, The Smurfit Institute, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Matthew L Albert
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Sean P Cullen
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Seamus J Martin
- Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Genetics, The Smurfit Institute, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland.
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22
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Logan G, McCartney B. Comparative analysis of taxol-derived fluorescent probes to assess microtubule networks in a complex live three-dimensional tissue. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2020; 77:229-237. [PMID: 32012482 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Drosophila oogenesis is an excellent in vivo model for investigating cytoskeletal dynamics because of the rapid cytoskeletal remodeling that occurs at the end of stage 10; however, there are few robust tools for detecting microtubules in live complex tissues. The recent development of membrane permeable taxol-based fluorescent probes to label microtubules is significant technical progress, but the effectiveness of these probes and the potential stabilizing effects of the taxol derivative have not been well characterized in vivo. Here, we compared three commercially available taxol-derived microtubule labels to determine their efficacy and potential artifacts. We found that all three probes labeled microtubules with differences in permeability, brightness, and signal to noise ratio. Like taxol, however, all of the probes disrupted the F-actin cytoskeleton at higher concentrations. We also found that the efflux pump inhibitor, verapamil, increased the intensity of the label and modestly increased the severity of the F-actin defects. Of the three probes, Tubulin Tracker (ThermoScientific) was the most permeable and was brightest, with the highest signal to noise ratio. Furthermore, washing out the probe after a 30-min incubation significantly reduced the F-actin artifacts without compromising signal brightness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Logan
- Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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23
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Sardeli C, Zarogoulidis P, Kosmidis C, Amaniti A, Katsaounis A, Giannakidis D, Koulouris C, Hohenforst-Schmidt W, Huang H, Bai C, Michalopoulos N, Tsakiridis K, Romanidis K, Oikonomou P, Mponiou K, Vagionas A, Goganau AM, Kesisoglou I, Sapalidis K. Inhaled chemotherapy adverse effects: mechanisms and protection methods. Lung Cancer Manag 2020; 8:LMT19. [PMID: 31983927 PMCID: PMC6978726 DOI: 10.2217/lmt-2019-0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is still diagnosed at a late stage due to a lack of symptoms. Although there are novel therapies, many patients are still treated with chemotherapy. In an effort to reduce adverse effects associated with chemotherapy, inhaled administration of platinum analogs has been investigated. Inhaled administration is used as a local route in order to reduce the systemic adverse effects; however, this treatment modality has its own adverse effects. In this mini review, we present drugs that were administered as nebulized droplets or dry powder aerosols for non-small-cell lung cancer. We present the adverse effects and methods to overcome them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrysanthi Sardeli
- Department of Pharmacology & Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Paul Zarogoulidis
- Department of Pharmacology & Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.,Third Department of Surgery, 'AHEPA' University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Medical School, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Christoforos Kosmidis
- Third Department of Surgery, 'AHEPA' University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Medical School, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Aikaterini Amaniti
- Anesthesiology Department, 'AHEPA' University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Medical School, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Athanasios Katsaounis
- Department of Pharmacology & Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Giannakidis
- Department of Pharmacology & Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Charilaos Koulouris
- Department of Pharmacology & Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Wolfgang Hohenforst-Schmidt
- Sana Clinic Group Franken, Department of Cardiology/Pulmonology/Intensive Care/Nephrology, 'Hof' Clinics, University of Erlangen, Hof, Germany
| | - Haidong Huang
- The Diagnostic & Therapeutic Center of Respiratory Diseases, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chong Bai
- The Diagnostic & Therapeutic Center of Respiratory Diseases, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Nikolaos Michalopoulos
- Department of Pharmacology & Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Kosmas Tsakiridis
- Thoracic Surgery Department, 'Interbalkan' European Medical Center, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Romanidis
- Second Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Panagoula Oikonomou
- Second Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Konstantina Mponiou
- Radiotherapy Department, 'Theageneio' Anti-Cancer Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Alexandru Marian Goganau
- General Surgery Clinic 1, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova County Emergency Hospital, Craiova, Romania
| | - Isaak Kesisoglou
- Department of Pharmacology & Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Sapalidis
- Department of Pharmacology & Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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24
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Wu MS, Chien CC, Jargalsaikhan G, Ilsan NA, Chen YC. Activation of PERK Contributes to Apoptosis and G 2/M Arrest by Microtubule Disruptors in Human Colorectal Carcinoma Cells ‡. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 12:cancers12010097. [PMID: 31906029 PMCID: PMC7017320 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12010097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Microtubule-targeting agents (MTAs) are widely used in cancer chemotherapy, but the therapeutic responses significantly vary among different tumor types. Protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticular (ER) kinase (PERK) is an ER stress kinase, and the role of PERK in the anticancer effects of MTAs is still undefined. In the present study, taxol (TAX) and nocodazole (NOC) significantly induced apoptosis with increased expression of phosphorylated PERK (pPERK; Tyr980) in four human colon cancer cell lines, including HCT-15, COLO205, HT-20, and LOVO cells. Induction of G2/M arrest by TAX and NOC with increases in phosphorylated Cdc25C and cyclin B1 protein were observed in human colon cancer cells. Application of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitors SP600125 (SP) and JNK inhibitor V (JNKI) significantly reduced TAX- and NOC-induced apoptosis and G2/M arrest of human colon cancer cells. Interestingly, TAX- and NOC-induced pPERK (Tyr980) protein expression was inhibited by adding the JNK inhibitors, SP and JNKI, and application of the PERK inhibitor GSK2606414 (GSK) significantly reduced apoptosis and G2/M arrest by TAX and NOC, with decreased pPERK (Tyr980) and pJNK, phosphorylated Cdc25C, and Cyc B1 protein expressions in human colon cancer cells. Decreased viability by TAX and NOC was inhibited by knockdown of PERK using PERK siRNA in COLO205 and HCT-15 cells. Disruption of the mitochondrial membrane potential and an increase in B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) protein phosphorylation (pBcl-2; Ser70) by TAX and NOC were prevented by adding the PERK inhibitor GSK and JNK inhibitor SP and JNKI. A cross-activation of JNK and PERK by TAX and NOC leading to anti-CRC actions including apoptosis and G2/M arrest was first demonstrated herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Shun Wu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Integrative Therapy Center for Gastroenterologic Cancers, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chiang Chien
- Department of Nephrology, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan City 710, Taiwan;
- Department of Food Nutrition, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan 71703, Taiwan
| | - Ganbolor Jargalsaikhan
- International MS/PhD Program in Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (G.J.); (N.A.I.)
- Liver Center, Ulaanbaatar 14230, Mongolia
| | - Noor Andryan Ilsan
- International MS/PhD Program in Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (G.J.); (N.A.I.)
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, STIKes Mitra Keluarga, Bekasi 17113, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Yen-Chou Chen
- International MS/PhD Program in Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (G.J.); (N.A.I.)
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Cancer Research Center and Orthopedics Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Cell Physiology and Molecular Image Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-2736-1661 (ext. 3421); Fax: +886-2-2377-8620
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25
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Yempala T, Babu T, Karmakar S, Nemirovski A, Ishan M, Gandin V, Gibson D. Expanding the Arsenal of Pt IV Anticancer Agents: Multi-action Pt IV Anticancer Agents with Bioactive Ligands Possessing a Hydroxy Functional Group. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:18218-18223. [PMID: 31599054 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201910014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Most multi-action PtIV prodrugs have bioactive ligands containing carboxylates. This is probably due to the ease of carboxylating the OH axial ligands and because following reduction, the active drug is released. A major challenge is to expand the arsenal of bioactive ligands to include those without carboxylates. We describe a general approach for synthesis of PtIV prodrugs that release drugs with OH groups. We linked the OH groups of gemcitabine (Gem), paclitaxel (Tax), and estramustine (EM) to the PtIV derivative of cisplatin by a carbonate bridge. Following reduction, the axial ligands lost CO2 , rapidly generating the active drugs. In contrast, succinate-linked drugs did not readily release the free drugs. The carbonate-bridged ctc-[Pt(NH3 )2 (PhB)(Gem-Carb)Cl2 ] was significantly more cytotoxic than the succinate-bridged ctc-[Pt(NH3 )2 (PhB)(Gem-Suc)Cl2 ], and more potent and less toxic than gemcitabine, cisplatin, and co-administration of cisplatin and gemcitabine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thirumal Yempala
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 9112102, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Tomer Babu
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 9112102, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Subhendu Karmakar
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 9112102, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Alina Nemirovski
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 9112102, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Maisaloon Ishan
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 9112102, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Valentina Gandin
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università di Padova, Via Marzolo 5, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Dan Gibson
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 9112102, Jerusalem, Israel
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26
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Tomko A, O'Leary L, Trask H, Achenbach JC, Hall SR, Goralski KB, Ellis LD, Dupré DJ. Antitumor Activity of Abnormal Cannabidiol and Its Analog O-1602 in Taxol-Resistant Preclinical Models of Breast Cancer. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1124. [PMID: 31611800 PMCID: PMC6777324 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cannabinoids exhibit anti-inflammatory and antitumorigenic properties. Contrary to most cannabinoids present in the Cannabis plant, some, such as O-1602 and abnormal cannabidiol, have no or only little affinity to the CB1 or CB2 cannabinoid receptors and instead exert their effects through other receptors. Here, we investigated whether the synthetic regioisomers of cannabidiol, abnormal cannabidiol, and a closely related compound, O-1602, display antitumorigenic effects in cellular models of breast cancer and whether it could reduce tumorigenesis in vivo. Several studies have shown the effects of cannabinoids on chemotherapy-sensitive breast cancer cell lines, but less is known about the antitumorigenic effects of cannabinoids in chemotherapy-resistant cell lines. Paclitaxel-resistant MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines were used to study the effect of O-1602 and abnormal cannabidiol on viability, apoptosis, and migration. The effects of O-1602 and abnormal cannabidiol on cell viability were completely blocked by the combination of GPR55 and GPR18-specific siRNAs. Both O-1602 and abnormal cannabidiol decreased viability in paclitaxel-resistant breast cancer cells in a concentration-dependent manner through induction of apoptosis. The effect of these cannabinoids on tumor growth in vivo was studied in a zebrafish xenograft model. In this model, treatment with O-1602 and abnormal cannabidiol (2 µM) significantly reduced tumor growth. Our results suggest that atypical cannabinoids, like O-1602 and abnormal cannabidiol, exert antitumorigenic effects on paclitaxel-resistant breast cancer cells. Due to their lack of central sedation and psychoactive effects, these atypical cannabinoids could represent new leads for the development of additional anticancer treatments when resistance to conventional chemotherapy occurs during the treatment of breast and possibly other cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Tomko
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Lauren O'Leary
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Hilary Trask
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - John C Achenbach
- Aquatic and Crop Resource Development Research Center, National Research Council of Canada, Halifax, Canada
| | - Steven R Hall
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada.,College of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Kerry B Goralski
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada.,College of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Lee D Ellis
- College of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Denis J Dupré
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
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27
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Purba TS, Ng'andu K, Brunken L, Smart E, Mitchell E, Hassan N, O'Brien A, Mellor C, Jackson J, Shahmalak A, Paus R. CDK4/6 inhibition mitigates stem cell damage in a novel model for taxane-induced alopecia. EMBO Mol Med 2019; 11:e11031. [PMID: 31512803 PMCID: PMC6783643 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201911031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Taxanes are a leading cause of severe and often permanent chemotherapy‐induced alopecia. As the underlying pathobiology of taxane chemotherapy‐induced alopecia remains poorly understood, we investigated how paclitaxel and docetaxel damage human scalp hair follicles in a clinically relevant ex vivo organ culture model. Paclitaxel and docetaxel induced massive mitotic defects and apoptosis in transit amplifying hair matrix keratinocytes and within epithelial stem/progenitor cell‐rich outer root sheath compartments, including within Keratin 15+ cell populations, thus implicating direct damage to stem/progenitor cells as an explanation for the severity and permanence of taxane chemotherapy‐induced alopecia. Moreover, by administering the CDK4/6 inhibitor palbociclib, we show that transit amplifying and stem/progenitor cells can be protected from paclitaxel cytotoxicity through G1 arrest, without premature catagen induction and additional hair follicle damage. Thus, the current study elucidates the pathobiology of taxane chemotherapy‐induced alopecia, highlights the paramount importance of epithelial stem/progenitor cell‐protective therapy in taxane‐based oncotherapy, and provides preclinical proof‐of‐principle in a healthy human (mini‐) organ that G1 arrest therapy can limit taxane‐induced tissue damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talveen S Purba
- Centre for Dermatology Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester & NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Kayumba Ng'andu
- Centre for Dermatology Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester & NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Lars Brunken
- Monasterium Laboratory - Skin & Hair Research Solutions GmbH, Münster, Germany
| | - Eleanor Smart
- Centre for Dermatology Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester & NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Ellen Mitchell
- Centre for Dermatology Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester & NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Nashat Hassan
- Centre for Dermatology Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester & NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Aaron O'Brien
- Centre for Dermatology Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester & NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Charlotte Mellor
- Centre for Dermatology Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester & NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Jennifer Jackson
- Centre for Dermatology Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester & NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Ralf Paus
- Centre for Dermatology Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester & NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester, UK.,Monasterium Laboratory - Skin & Hair Research Solutions GmbH, Münster, Germany.,Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
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28
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Parashar K, Sood S, Mehaidli A, Curran C, Vegh C, Nguyen C, Pignanelli C, Wu J, Liang G, Wang Y, Pandey S. Evaluating the Anti-cancer Efficacy of a Synthetic Curcumin Analog on Human Melanoma Cells and Its Interaction with Standard Chemotherapeutics. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24132483. [PMID: 31284561 PMCID: PMC6651075 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24132483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is the leading cause of skin-cancer related deaths in North America. Metastatic melanoma is difficult to treat and chemotherapies have limited success. Furthermore, chemotherapies lead to toxic side effects due to nonselective targeting of normal cells. Curcumin is a natural product of Curcuma longa (turmeric) and has been shown to possess anti-cancer activity. However, due to its poor bioavailability and stability, natural curcumin is not an effective cancer treatment. We tested synthetic analogs of curcumin that are more stable. One of these derivatives, Compound A, has shown significant anti-cancer efficacy in colon, leukemia, and triple-negative inflammatory breast cancer cells. However, the effects of Compound A against melanoma cells have not been studied before. In this study, for the first time, we demonstrated the efficacy of Compound A for the selective induction of apoptosis in melanoma cells and its interaction with tamoxifen, taxol, and cisplatin. We found that Compound A induced apoptosis selectively in human melanoma cells by increasing oxidative stress. The anti-cancer activity of Compound A was enhanced when combined with tamoxifen and the combination treatment did not result in significant toxicity to noncancerous cells. Additionally, Compound A did not interact negatively with the anti-cancer activity of taxol and cisplatin. These results indicate that Compound A could be developed as a selective and effective melanoma treatment either alone or in combination with other non-toxic agents like tamoxifen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishan Parashar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Avenue, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Siddhartha Sood
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Avenue, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Ali Mehaidli
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Avenue, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Colin Curran
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Avenue, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Caleb Vegh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Avenue, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Christopher Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Avenue, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Christopher Pignanelli
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Avenue, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Jianzhang Wu
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Whenzhou Medical University, University Town, Chashan, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Guang Liang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Whenzhou Medical University, University Town, Chashan, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Whenzhou Medical University, University Town, Chashan, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Siyaram Pandey
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Avenue, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada.
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29
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Liao W, Fu C, Liu Z, Miao L, Yu L. [Sub-cellular localization and overexpressing analysis of hydroxylase gene TcCYP725A22 of Taxus chinensis]. Sheng Wu Gong Cheng Xue Bao 2019; 35:1109-1116. [PMID: 31232007 DOI: 10.13345/j.cjb.190008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of hydroxylases in the anticancer drug taxol biosynthesis pathway is a hotspot and difficulty in current research. In this study, a new hydroxylase gene TcCYP725A22 (GenBank accession number: MF448646.1) was used to construct a sub-cellular localization vector pCAMIBA1303-TcCYP725A22-EGFP to get the transient expression in onion epidermal cells. Laser confocal microscopy revealed that the protein encoded by this gene was localized in the cell membrane. Furthermore, the recombinant plant expression plasmid pBI121-TcCYP725A22 was constructed. After transient transformation to the Taxus chinensis mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens LBA4404, qRT-PCR and LC-MS were utilized to analyze the effects of TcCYP725A22 overexpression on the synthesis of taxol. The results showed that, in the TcCYP725A22 overexpressed cell line, expression levels of most defined hydroxylase genes for taxol biosynthesis were increased, and the yield of taxanes were also increased. It was concluded that the hydroxylase gene TcCYP725A22 is likely involved in the biosynthetic pathway of taxol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifang Liao
- School of Biology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, Hubei, China
| | - Chunhua Fu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Zhiguo Liu
- School of Biology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, Hubei, China
| | - Lihong Miao
- School of Biology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, Hubei, China
| | - Longjiang Yu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
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30
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Belonogov L, Bailey ME, Tyler MA, Kazemi A, Ross JL. Katanin catalyzes microtubule depolymerization independently of tubulin C-terminal tails. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2019; 76:254-268. [PMID: 30980604 PMCID: PMC6618852 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Microtubule network remodeling is an essential process for cell development, maintenance, cell division, and motility. Microtubule‐severing enzymes are key players in the remodeling of the microtubule network; however, there are still open questions about their fundamental biochemical and biophysical mechanisms. Here, we explored the ability of the microtubule‐severing enzyme katanin to depolymerize stabilized microtubules. Interestingly, we found that the tubulin C‐terminal tail (CTT), which is required for severing, is not required for katanin‐catalyzed depolymerization. We also found that the depolymerization of microtubules lacking the CTT does not require ATP or katanin's ATPase activity, although the ATP turnover enhanced depolymerization. We also observed that the depolymerization rate depended on the katanin concentration and was best described by a hyperbolic function. Finally, we demonstrate that katanin can bind to filaments that lack the CTT, contrary to previous reports. The results of our work indicate that microtubule depolymerization likely involves a mechanism in which binding, but not enzymatic activity, is required for tubulin dimer removal from the filament ends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liudmila Belonogov
- Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts
| | - Megan E Bailey
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts
| | - Madison A Tyler
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts
| | - Arianna Kazemi
- Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts
| | - Jennifer L Ross
- Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts.,Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts
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31
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Li Y, Wang S, Wei X, Zhang S, Song Z, Chen X, Zhang J. Role of inhibitor of yes-associated protein 1 in triple-negative breast cancer with taxol-based chemoresistance. Cancer Sci 2019; 110:561-567. [PMID: 30467925 PMCID: PMC6361558 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Revised: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) is highly clinically aggressive and taxol‐based chemoresistance remains a big TNBC therapeutic problem to be solved. Verteporfin, a small molecular yes‐associated protein 1 (YAP1) inhibitor, is little known as an antitumor drug for TNBC. Our data showed that YAP1 expression was associated with early relapse in tissue samples of patients with TNBC taxol chemoresistance (P < .001). Verteporfin reduced migration and enhanced apoptosis or autophagy of a taxol‐resistant MDA‐MB‐231 cell line in vitro. Knockdown of YAP1 increased epithelial‐mesenchymal transition response in a taxol‐resistant TNBC cell line. In an in vivo experiment, we found that verteporfin was able to shrink tumor weight and volume and decreased Ki67 expression in a taxol‐resistant mouse model. Our results provide evidence that verteporfin could be a chemosensitizer for TNBC patients with taxol‐based treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- The Third Surgical Department of Breast Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Shunan Wang
- Department of Radiology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xi Wei
- Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Ultrasonography, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- The Third Surgical Department of Breast Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Zian Song
- The Third Surgical Department of Breast Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- The Third Surgical Department of Breast Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- The Third Surgical Department of Breast Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
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Hou X, Niu Z, Liu L, Guo Q, Li H, Yang X, Zhang X. miR-1207-5p regulates the sensitivity of triple-negative breast cancer cells to Taxol treatment via the suppression of LZTS1 expression. Oncol Lett 2018; 17:990-998. [PMID: 30655858 PMCID: PMC6312986 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Taxol-based chemotherapy is a conventional therapeutic approach for the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). However, the insensitivity of TNBC cells to Taxol greatly limits the anticancer effect of the drug and leads to patient mortality. The present study first evaluated the expression levels of microRNA (miR)-1207-5p in human normal breast epithelial MCF-10A cells and TNBC cell lines (MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-436 and MDA-MB-453). The results revealed that the highest miR-1207-5p level was in MDA-MB-231, which suggested an oncogenic role of miR-1207-5p in TNBC. Therefore, MDA-MB-231 served as the present study's research model in subsequent experiments. The mRNAs that functioned as tumor suppressor factors for miR-1207-5p were then determined. Leucine zipper tumor suppressor gene 1 (LZTS1), which was predicted by TargetScan 6.2 and was supported by the results of a dual luciferase assay, was identified as a target of miR-1207-5p. AntagomiR-1207-5p increased LZTS1 mRNA and protein expressions, enhanced cell growth arrest and cell apoptosis induced by Taxol in MDA-MB-231 cells. Additionally, it was observed that, when compared with Taxol treatment, the combination of Taxol and antagomiR-1207-5p induced a sharp decrease in B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) and phosphorylated-protein kinase B expression accompanied by an increase in the Bcl-2-associated X protein expression. Finally, miR-1207-5p expression was significantly increased, while LZTS1 expression was significantly decreased, in TNBC tissues when compared with normal adjacent tissues, and there was a negative correlation between miR-1207-5p and LZTS1 expression. In addition, there was a notable elevation in the expression of miR-1207-5p and a reduction in the expression of LZTS1 in the Taxol non-responsive TNBC tissues when compared with the Taxol-responsive TNBC tissues. The results of the present study suggested that miR-1207-5p may be a promising predictor of sensitivity towards Taxol in TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoke Hou
- Department of Breast Surgery, Yuncheng Central Hospital, Yuncheng, Shanxi 044000, P.R. China
| | - Zhaofeng Niu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Yuncheng Central Hospital, Yuncheng, Shanxi 044000, P.R. China
| | - Leilei Liu
- The First Department of Oncology, Linfen Central Hospital, Linfen, Shanxi 041000, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Guo
- Department of Breast Surgery, Yuncheng Central Hospital, Yuncheng, Shanxi 044000, P.R. China
| | - Haiyang Li
- The First Department of Oncology, Linfen Central Hospital, Linfen, Shanxi 041000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojun Yang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Yuncheng Central Hospital, Yuncheng, Shanxi 044000, P.R. China
| | - Xia Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Linfen People's Hospital, Linfen, Shanxi 041000, P.R. China
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El-Sokkary GH, Ismail IA, Saber SH. Melatonin inhibits breast cancer cell invasion through modulating DJ-1/KLF17/ID-1 signaling pathway. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:3945-3957. [PMID: 30260001 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common neoplastic disorder diagnosed in women. The main goal of this study was to explore the effect of melatonin against breast cancer metastasis and compared this with the actions of taxol (a well-known chemotherapeutic drug), and the impact of their combination against breast cancer metastasis. Melatonin showed no cytotoxic effect while taxol showed antiproliferative and cytotoxic effects on MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells. Furthermore, melatonin inhibited the generation of reactive oxygen species. Melatonin and taxol clearly decreased cell migration and invasion at low doses, especially those matching the normal physiological concentration at night. Melatonin and taxol markedly reduced DJ-1 and ID-1 and increased KLF17 messenger RNA and protein expression levels. The present results also showed that melatonin and taxol induced GSK3-β nuclear and Snail cytosolic localization. These changes were accompanied by a concurrent rise in E-cadherin expression. The above data show that normal levels of melatonin may help in preventing breast cancer metastasis through inhibiting DJ-1/KLF17/ID-1 signaling pathway. The combination of melatonin and taxol is a potent candidate against breast cancer metastasis, better than using melatonin or taxol as a single drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamal H El-Sokkary
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Ismail Ahmed Ismail
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, Yanbu Branch, Medina, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saber H Saber
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
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Ti SC, Alushin GM, Kapoor TM. Human β-Tubulin Isotypes Can Regulate Microtubule Protofilament Number and Stability. Dev Cell 2018; 47:175-190.e5. [PMID: 30245156 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2018.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Cell biological studies have shown that protofilament number, a fundamental feature of microtubules, can correlate with the expression of different tubulin isotypes. However, it is not known if tubulin isotypes directly control this basic microtubule property. Here, we report high-resolution cryo-EM reconstructions (3.5-3.65 Å) of purified human α1B/β3 and α1B/β2B microtubules and find that the β-tubulin isotype can determine protofilament number. Comparisons of atomic models of 13- and 14-protofilament microtubules reveal how tubulin subunit plasticity, manifested in "accordion-like" distributed structural changes, can accommodate distinct lattice organizations. Furthermore, compared to α1B/β3 microtubules, α1B/β2B filaments are more stable to passive disassembly and against depolymerization by MCAK or chTOG, microtubule-associated proteins with distinct mechanisms of action. Mixing tubulin isotypes in different proportions results in microtubules with protofilament numbers and stabilities intermediate to those of isotypically pure filaments. Together, our findings indicate that microtubule protofilament number and stability can be controlled through β-tubulin isotype composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Chieh Ti
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Cell Biology, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Gregory M Alushin
- Laboratory of Structural Biophysics and Mechanobiology, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Tarun M Kapoor
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Cell Biology, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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35
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Forer A, Sheykhani R, Berns MW. Anaphase Chromosomes in Crane-Fly Spermatocytes Treated With Taxol (Paclitaxel) Accelerate When Their Kinetochore Microtubules Are Cut: Evidence for Spindle Matrix Involvement With Spindle Forces. Front Cell Dev Biol 2018; 6:77. [PMID: 30087895 PMCID: PMC6066604 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2018.00077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Various experiments have indicated that anaphase chromosomes continue to move after their kinetochore microtubules are severed. The chromosomes move poleward at an accelerated rate after the microtubules are cut but they slow down 1-3 min later and move poleward at near the original speed. There are two published interpretations of chromosome movements with severed kinetochore microtubules. One interpretation is that dynein relocates to the severed microtubule ends and propels them poleward by pushing against non-kinetochore microtubules. The other interpretation is that components of a putative "spindle matrix" normally push kinetochore microtubules poleward and continue to do so after the microtubules are severed from the pole. In this study we distinguish between these interpretations by treating cells with taxol. Taxol eliminates microtubule dynamics, alters spindle microtubule arrangements, and inhibits dynein motor activity in vivo. If the dynein interpretation is correct, taxol should interfere with chromosome movements after kinetochore microtubules are severed because it alters the arrangements of spindle microtubules and because it blocks dynein activity. If the "spindle matrix" interpretation is correct, on the other hand, taxol should not interfere with the accelerated movements. Our results support the spindle matrix interpretation: anaphase chromosomes in taxol-treated crane-fly spermatocytes accelerated after their kinetochore microtubules were severed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Forer
- Biology Department, York University, North York, ON, Canada
| | | | - Michael W Berns
- Beckman Laser Institute and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States.,Department of Bioengineering and Institute for Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
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Shi G, Wang H, Han H, Gan J, Wang H. Verteporfin enhances the sensitivity of LOVO/TAX cells to taxol via YAP inhibition. Exp Ther Med 2018; 16:2751-2755. [PMID: 30210616 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies have reported that taxol (TAX) is an effective drug for the treatment of colorectal cancer; however, its application inevitably results in drug resistance. Overexpression of Yes-associated protein (YAP) is considered one of the factors that cause TAX resistance, which may be inhibited by verteporfin (VP) treatment. The present study aimed to confirm the role of YAP in TAX resistance and to investigate whether the drug sensitivity of the TAX-resistant LOVO/TAX cell line to TAX is affected by VP treatment. The role of YAP in TAX resistance was first determined through vector-mediated overexpression and inhibition of YAP in cells. Reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis were performed for detection of associated mRNA and protein, respectively. An MTT assay was used to detect the drug sensitivity of cells to TAX. The results suggested that compared with that in the native LOVO cell line, YAP expression was significantly increased in LOVO/TAX cells. YAP gene silencing markedly enhanced the drug sensitivity of LOVO/TAX cells to TAX and, on the contrary, the drug sensitivity notably declined when YAP was overexpressed in LOVO cells. The results indicated that YAP gene expression and TAX resistance were correlated. VP treatment suppressed YAP expression and increased the drug sensitivity of LOVO/TAX cells to TAX in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, compared with VP alone, VP and TAX combination therapy had a greater inhibitory effect on YAP expression. VP treatment enhanced the drug sensitivity of LOVO/TAX cells to TAX through inhibiting YAP expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganggang Shi
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, P.R. China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Hongqiu Han
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Jianchen Gan
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, P.R. China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, P.R. China
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37
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Lu CX, Sun JH, Wu CL. [Apoptosis mechanism of taxol combined with resveratrol on human laryngeal carcinoma Hep-2 cells]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2016; 41:476-83. [PMID: 28868867 DOI: 10.4268/cjcmm20160320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Laryngeal cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in the respiratory tumors, and its incidence ranks second highest in the respiratory tumors. Resveratrol (Res) is a kind of polyphenols, which can inhibit nucleotides can inhibit the growth of liver cancer cells, gastric cancer cells, pancreatic cells and other tumor cells by inhibiting ribonucleotide reductase in the cells. Taxol (Tax) is a kind of secondary metabolites of Taxus chinensis, which has anti-tumor activity for breast cancer, cervical cancer, ovarian cancer and other tumors by inhibiting cellular microtubule depolymerization. But at present the effects of resveratrol combined with taxol on human laryngeal carcinoma cell strain Hep-2 and their underlying molecular mechanisms are rarely reported. After human laryngeal cancer cell Hep-2 cells were processed with resveratrol (Res) and taxol (Tax), CCK-8 assay was used to evaluate the effect of these two herbs on the proliferation of cancer cells; AO/PI staining and JC-1 were used to detect Hep-1 cells apoptosis; the expression of Bax, Bcl-2, PARP, TRIB3, and XIAP genes was detected by real time quantitative PCR; the activity of caspase-3 and caspase-8 was determined with quantitative fluorescence method. The experimental results showed that compared with Tax, Res medication alone, joint group significantly enhanced inhibition of Hep-2 cells activity, decreased the dosage of Tax, increased the expression of Bax and PARP, TRIB3, reduced the expression of the Bcl-2 and XIAP, and promoted the activity of caspase-3 and caspase-8. The test results showed that compared with the single medication, combined group could significantly increase the inhibitory effect on Hep-2 cells, significantly reduce Tax dosage, increase expressions of Bax, PARP, TRIB3, reduce expressions of Bcl-2, XIAP, and promote activity of caspase-3, caspase-8. This indicated apoptosis of human laryngeal carcinoma cell strain Hep-2 may be induced with Res, Tax, and the combination of these two herbs by mitochondria pathway. It provides valuable clue for further research on combination of Res and Tax for the treatment of laryngeal cancer, and expanding the combined application of Res and Tax.
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Abudabbus A, Badmus JA, Shalaweh S, Bauer R, Hiss D. Effects of Fucoidan and Chemotherapeutic Agent Combinations on Malignant and Non-malignant Breast Cell Lines. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2018; 18:748-757. [PMID: 29141543 DOI: 10.2174/1389201018666171115115112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Breast cancer is a leading cause of death among women in both developed and Third World countries. Fucoidan is a natural plant metabolite produced by brown seaweeds with proven anticancer potential. This study determined the cytotoxic, apoptotic and cell cycle effects of fucoidan alone and in combination with first-line anticancer drugs (cisplatin, doxorubicin and taxol) in MCF-7 breast cancer cells and non-malignant MCF-12A breast epithelial cells as control. METHODS Cytotoxicity was evaluated using the MTT reduction assay. Cell cycle distribution and apoptosis were assessed by flow cytometry using Annexin VFITC/PI and Hoechst 33342 staining, and caspases-3, -7 and -9 activation. RESULTS Fucoidan alone was significantly more cytotoxic to MCF-7 breast cancer cells compared to the MCF-12A non-cancerous breast epithelial cell line. In MCF-7 cells, the presence of fucoidan caused cell cycle arrest at G1 with accumulation of cells in the sub-G1 phase with the activation of caspases-3,-7 and -9. Furthermore, combination of fucoidan with the standard chemotherapeutic agents-cisplatin, doxorubicin and taxol-significantly enhanced the cytotoxicity of these drugs and accumulation of cells in the G2/M and sub-G1 phases, and induction of apoptosis. No significant differences were observed between fucoidan-treated and untreated MCF-12A cells with respect to cytotoxicity and cell cycle distribution profiles. By contrast, in non-cancerous MCF-12A cells, fucoidan attenuated the toxicity of doxorubicin and cisplatin in combination by increasing their IC50 values. This effect was not demonstrated with the taxol combination. CONCLUSIONS Fucoidan is an effective antitumor agent, either alone or in combination with cisplatin, doxorubicin and taxol in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Drug combinations that discriminate between cancerous and non-cancerous cells afford a plausible and viable strategy of attaining therapeutic efficacy and avoiding possible toxicity and side effects. These findings suggest that fucoidan is a promising candidate for cancer combination therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisha Abudabbus
- Department of Medical Biosciences, University of the Western Cape, Bellville. South Africa
| | - Jelili A Badmus
- Department of Medical Biosciences, University of the Western Cape, Bellville. South Africa
| | - Salem Shalaweh
- Department of Medical Biosciences, University of the Western Cape, Bellville. South Africa
| | - Rolene Bauer
- Algae Research Group, Launch Laboratory, Stellenbosch University. South Africa
| | - Donavon Hiss
- Department of Medical Biosciences, University of the Western Cape, Bellville. South Africa
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Uzma F, Mohan CD, Hashem A, Konappa NM, Rangappa S, Kamath PV, Singh BP, Mudili V, Gupta VK, Siddaiah CN, Chowdappa S, Alqarawi AA, Abd Allah EF. Endophytic Fungi-Alternative Sources of Cytotoxic Compounds: A Review. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:309. [PMID: 29755344 PMCID: PMC5932204 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a major cause of death worldwide, with an increasing number of cases being reported annually. The elevated rate of mortality necessitates a global challenge to explore newer sources of anticancer drugs. Recent advancements in cancer treatment involve the discovery and development of new and improved chemotherapeutics derived from natural or synthetic sources. Natural sources offer the potential of finding new structural classes with unique bioactivities for cancer therapy. Endophytic fungi represent a rich source of bioactive metabolites that can be manipulated to produce desirable novel analogs for chemotherapy. This review offers a current and integrative account of clinically used anticancer drugs such as taxol, podophyllotoxin, camptothecin, and vinca alkaloids in terms of their mechanism of action, isolation from endophytic fungi and their characterization, yield obtained, and fungal strain improvement strategies. It also covers recent literature on endophytic fungal metabolites from terrestrial, mangrove, and marine sources as potential anticancer agents and emphasizes the findings for cytotoxic bioactive compounds tested against specific cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazilath Uzma
- Microbial Metabolite Research Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Bangalore University, Bangalore, India
| | - Chakrabhavi D Mohan
- Department of Studies in Molecular Biology, University of Mysore, Mysore, India
| | - Abeer Hashem
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Shobith Rangappa
- Adichunchanagiri Institute for Molecular Medicine, BG Nagara, Mandya, India
| | - Praveen V Kamath
- Microbial Metabolite Research Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Bangalore University, Bangalore, India
| | - Bhim P Singh
- Molecular Microbiology and Systematics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, India
| | - Venkataramana Mudili
- Microbiology Division, DRDO-BU-Centre for Life sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
| | - Vijai K Gupta
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, ERA Chair of Green Chemistry, School of Science, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Chandra N Siddaiah
- Department of Studies in Biotechnology, University of Mysore, Mysore, India
| | - Srinivas Chowdappa
- Microbial Metabolite Research Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Bangalore University, Bangalore, India
| | - Abdulaziz A Alqarawi
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elsayed F Abd Allah
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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40
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Routh S, Nandagopal K. Patent Survey of Resveratrol, Taxol, Podophyllotoxin, Withanolides and Their Derivatives Used in Anticancer Therapy. Recent Pat Biotechnol 2018; 11:85-100. [PMID: 28137207 DOI: 10.2174/1872208311666170127114804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resveratrol, taxol, podophyllotoxin, withanolides and their derivatives find applications in anti-cancer therapy. They are plant-derived compounds whose chemical structures and synthesis limit their natural availability and restrict a large-scale industrial production. Hence, their production by various biotechnological approaches may hold promise for a continuous and reliable mode of supply. OBJECTIVE We review process and product patents in this regard. METHODS Accordingly, we provide a general outline to search the freely accessible WIPO, EPO, USPTO and Cambia databases with several keywords and patent codes. We have tabulated both granted and filed patents from the said databases. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION We retrieved ~40 patents from these databases. Novel biotechnological processes for production of these anticancer compounds include Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated hairy root culture, suspension culture, cell culture with elicitors, use of recombinant microorganisms, and bioreactors among others. The results are indicative of being both database-specific as well as queryspecific. A ten-year search window yielded 33 patents. The utility of the search strategy is discussed in the light of biotechnological developments in the field. Those who examine patent literature using similar search strategies may complement their knowledge obtained from perusal of mainstream journal resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreya Routh
- Department of Genetics, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata-700019. India
| | - Krishnadas Nandagopal
- Department of Genetics, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata-700019. India
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41
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Zhao K, Yu L, Jin Y, Ma X, Liu D, Wang X, Wang X. [Advances and prospects of taxol biosynthesis by endophytic fungi]. Sheng Wu Gong Cheng Xue Bao 2018; 32:1038-1051. [PMID: 29022305 DOI: 10.13345/j.cjb.150519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Taxol is one of the most important chemotherapeutic drugs against cancer. Taxol has been mainly extracted from the bark of yews for a long time. However, methods for the extraction of taxol from the bark of Taxus species were inefficient and environmentally costly. As a result of the high ecological toll exacted on trees with the potential for Pacific yew extinction, investigators began to look for other methods of taxol production. Recently, increasing efforts have been made to develop alternative means of taxol production, such as using complete chemical synthesis, semi-synthesis, Taxus spp. plant cell culture and microbe fermentation. Using microbe fermentation in the production of taxol would be a very prospective method for obtaining a large amount of taxol. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the molecular basis and genetic regulation mechanisms of taxol biosynthesis by endophytic fungi, which may be helpful to construct the genetic engineering strain with high taxol output. In this paper, the taxol biosynthesis pathway from Taxus cells and the advantages of taxol biosynthesis by endophytic fungi were discussed. The study on the isolation and biodiversity of taxol-producing endophytic fungi and the taxol biosynthesis related genes are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Microbiology, School of Life Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Lu Yu
- Key Laboratory of Microbiology, School of Life Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yuyan Jin
- Key Laboratory of Microbiology, School of Life Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xueling Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Microbiology, School of Life Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xiaohua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Microbiology, School of Life Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Microbiology, School of Life Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, Heilongjiang, China
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Nakakaji R, Umemura M, Mitsudo K, Kim JH, Hoshino Y, Sato I, Masuda T, Yamamoto M, Kioi M, Koizumi T, Fujita T, Yokoyama U, Iida M, Sato M, Sato H, Murofushi S, Shibata S, Aoki I, Eguchi H, Tohnai I, Ishikawa Y. Treatment of oral cancer using magnetized paclitaxel. Oncotarget 2018; 9:15591-605. [PMID: 29643995 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
N,N’-Bis(salicylidene)ethylenediamine iron (Fe(Salen)) is an anti-cancer agent with intrinsic magnetic property. Here, we covalently linked Fe(Salen) to paclitaxel (PTX), a widely used anti-cancer drug, to obtain a magnetized paclitaxel conjugate (M-PTX), which exhibited magnetic characteristics for magnet-guided drug delivery and MRI visualization. M-PTX increased apoptosis and G2/M arrest of cultured human oral cancer cell lines in the same manner as PTX. Furthermore, marked contrast intensity was obtained in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of M-PTX. In a mouse oral cancer model, a permanent magnet placed on the body surface adjacent to the tumor resulted in distinct accumulation of M-PTX, and the anti-cancer effect was greater than that of M-PTX without the magnet. We believe that this strategy may improve future cancer chemotherapy by providing conventional anti-cancer drugs with novel functionalities such as magnet-guided drug delivery or MRI-based visualization/quantitation of drug distribution.
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Li D, Fu D, Zhang Y, Ma X, Gao L, Wang X, Zhou D, Zhao K. Isolation, Purification, and Identification of Taxol and Related Taxanes from Taxol-Producing Fungus Aspergillus niger subsp. taxi. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2018. [PMID: 28621105 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.1701.01018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
The content of taxol in the bark of yews is very low, and this is not affordable from the environmental point of view. Thus, it is a necessity to look for alternative sources of taxol production to solve its supply. Currently, a large portion of the taxol in the market comes from chemical semi-synthesis, but the semi-synthetic precursors such as baccatin III and 10-deacetyl-baccatin III are extracted from needles and twigs of yew trees. Taxol-producing fungi as a renewable resource is a very promising way to increase the scale of taxol production. Our group has obtained a taxol-producing endophytic fungus, Aspergillus niger subsp. taxi HD86-9, to examine if A. niger can produce the taxanes. Six compounds from the fermentation broth of strain HD86-9 were isolated and identified by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and ESI-MS. The results showed that the six compounds included four taxane diterpenoids (taxol, cephalomannine, baccatin III, and 10-deacetyl-baccatin III) and two non-taxane compounds (β-sitosterol and flavonoid isovitexin). The study verified that the taxanes can be produced by the A. niger, which is very important to taxol production via chemical semi-synthesis. Additionally, the finding is potentially very significant to solve the taxol semi-synthetic precursors extracted from needles and twigs of yew trees, and the precursor production can be easily increased through the culture condition optimization, genetic breeding, and metabolic engineering of the A. niger.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- Key Laboratory of Microbiology, School of Life Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, P.R. China
| | - Dongwei Fu
- Heilongjiang Land Reclamation Bureau General Hospital, Harbin 150088, P.R. China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Microbiology, School of Life Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, P.R. China
| | - Xueling Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, P.R. China
| | - Liguo Gao
- Key Laboratory of Microbiology, School of Life Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, P.R. China
| | - Xioahua Wang
- Heilongjiang University Library, Harbin 150080, P.R. China
| | - Dongpo Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Microbiology, School of Life Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, P.R. China
| | - Kai Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Microbiology, School of Life Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, P.R. China
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Fang R, Li H, Zhang P, Cao R, Yang S. [Identification and characterization of a taxol-producing endophytic fungus from Taxus media]. Sheng Wu Gong Cheng Xue Bao 2017; 33:1945-1954. [PMID: 29271172 DOI: 10.13345/j.cjb.170061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
To enrich the resource pool of endophytic fungi from plants which produce taxol, a taxol-producing endophytic fungus TMS-26 was isolated from the stem of Taxus Media. The result of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) showed that TMS-26 extract exhibited similar chromatographic peaks and retention time (4.545 min) with authentic taxol. Then mass spectrometry (MS) analysis further confirmed that TMS-26 extracts contained the same mass peaks with authentic taxol ((M+Na)+=876). These indicated that the isolated endophytic fungus TMS-26 can produce taxol. According to the morphological characteristics, the molecular analysis of 18S rDNA and internal transcribed spacer nuclear rDNA gene sequence, the fungus was identified as Aspergillus fumigatus TMS-26.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongfeng Fang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Haohao Li
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Peiji Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Rang Cao
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shushen Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
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Tame MA, Manjón AG, Belokhvostova D, Raaijmakers JA, Medema RH. TUBB3 overexpression has a negligible effect on the sensitivity to taxol in cultured cell lines. Oncotarget 2017; 8:71536-71547. [PMID: 29069726 PMCID: PMC5641069 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Microtubules are cellular targets for a variety of anticancer therapies because of their critical function in mitosis. Taxol belongs to a class of microtubule targeting agents that suppresses microtubule dynamics and interferes with the functioning of the mitotic spindle, thereby effectively blocking cell cycle progression of rapidly proliferating tumor cells. Despite its antitumor activity, drug resistance remains a common obstacle in improving its overall clinical efficacy. Previous studies have shown that the expression of a specific β-tubulin isotype, βIII-tubulin/TUBB3, is dysregulated in drug-refractory tumors. However, whether enhanced TUBB3 expression is directly involved in promoting taxol resistance remains a subject of debate. Here, we have used several approaches to assess the functional relation of TUBB3 overexpression and taxol resistance. First, we generated a number of taxol-resistant cell lines, to find that TUBB3 expression was elevated in a resistant cell line (RPE-20) derived from untransformed retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells, but the abundance of TUBB3 remained unchanged in four other cell lines after taxol treatment. However, although RPE-20 cells displayed enhanced TUBB3 levels, we find that simultaneous up-regulation of the P-glycoprotein (P-gP) drug-efflux pump is responsible for the resistance to taxol. Indeed, we could show that TUBB3 levels were dynamically regulated upon taxol exposure and withdrawal, unrelated to the resistance phenotype. Next, we generated cell lines in which we could induce robust overexpression of TUBB3 from its endogenous locus employing the CRISPRa system. We demonstrate that solely enhancing TUBB3 expression results in a very minor decrease in the sensitivity to taxol. This was further substantiated by selective depletion of TUBB3 in a series of breast cancer cell lines expressing high levels of TUBB3. We find that TUBB3 depletion had a minimal effect on the sensitivity to taxol in one of these cell lines, but had no effect in all of the others. Based on these findings we propose that TUBB3 overexpression can only marginally affect the sensitivity to taxol in cultured cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihoko A. Tame
- Division of Cell Biology and Cancer Genomics Center, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anna G. Manjón
- Division of Cell Biology and Cancer Genomics Center, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daria Belokhvostova
- Division of Cell Biology and Cancer Genomics Center, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jonne A. Raaijmakers
- Division of Cell Biology and Cancer Genomics Center, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - René H. Medema
- Division of Cell Biology and Cancer Genomics Center, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Song Y, Li W, Peng X, Xie J, Li H, Tan G. Inhibition of autophagy results in a reversal of taxol resistance in nasopharyngeal carcinoma by enhancing taxol-induced caspase-dependent apoptosis. Am J Transl Res 2017; 9:1934-1942. [PMID: 28469798 PMCID: PMC5411941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Drug resistance in nasopharyngeal carcinoma remains a major obstacle of clinical therapy. We found that the taxol-resistant cells demonstrated higher basal levels of autophagy than parental cells, which could be inhibited by 3-MA and Beclin-1-siRNA. We further revealed that inhibition of autophagy enhanced taxol-induced caspase-dependent apoptosis, resulted in partial reversal of the acquired taxol resistance in taxol-resistant cells. Our results suggest that the combination of an autophagy inhibitor with taxol may be a promising approach to promote therapeutic efficacy in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yexun Song
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head Neck Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head Neck Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaowei Peng
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery and Oncology Plastic Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Central South UniversityChangsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jun Xie
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head Neck Surgery, The Hunan Children’s HospitalChangsha, Hunan, China
| | - Heqing Li
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head Neck Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangsha, Hunan, China
| | - Guolin Tan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head Neck Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangsha, Hunan, China
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Ma JN, McFarland K, Olsson R, Burstein ES. Estrogen Receptor Beta Selective Agonists as Agents to Treat Chemotherapeutic-Induced Neuropathic Pain. ACS Chem Neurosci 2016; 7:1180-7. [PMID: 27456785 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.6b00183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain (CINP) remains a major unmet medical need. Estrogen receptor beta (ERβ)-selective agonists represent a novel strategy for treating CINP because they are neuroprotective and may also have anticancer activity. We confirmed that ERβ-selective agonists have antiallodynic effects in the spinal nerve ligation model of neuropathic pain. We then showed that structurally diverse ERβ-selective agonists also relieved allodynia in CINP caused by taxol, oxaliplatin, and vincristine. These effects were receptor subtype specific and mediated by ERβ receptors as ERα-selective and nonselective estrogen agonists were inactive, a mixture of an ERβ and ERα agonist was inactive, and ERβ-selective antagonists blocked the effects of the ERβ-selective agonists. The efficacy and potency of ERβ-agonists was greater in male rats than females. To address the possibility that AC-186 might stimulate proliferation of cancers, rendering it unsuitable for treating CINP, we evaluated proliferative effects of AC-186 on prostate cancer cells and found it inhibited growth (LNCaP cells) or had no effect (PC3 cells) on these cells. Thus, ERβ-selective agonists exhibit potential for treating CINP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Nong Ma
- ACADIA Pharmaceuticals Inc., 3611 Valley Center Drive, Ste. 300, San Diego, California 92130, United States
| | - Krista McFarland
- ACADIA Pharmaceuticals Inc., 3611 Valley Center Drive, Ste. 300, San Diego, California 92130, United States
| | - Roger Olsson
- Chemical Biology & Therapeutics, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, S-221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Ethan S. Burstein
- ACADIA Pharmaceuticals Inc., 3611 Valley Center Drive, Ste. 300, San Diego, California 92130, United States
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Baas PW, Rao AN, Matamoros AJ, Leo L. Stability properties of neuronal microtubules. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2016; 73:442-60. [PMID: 26887570 PMCID: PMC5541393 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Neurons are terminally differentiated cells that use their microtubule arrays not for cell division but rather as architectural elements required for the elaboration of elongated axons and dendrites. In addition to acting as compression-bearing struts that provide for the shape of the neuron, microtubules also act as directional railways for organelle transport. The stability properties of neuronal microtubules are commonly discussed in the biomedical literature as crucial to the development and maintenance of the nervous system, and have recently gained attention as central to the etiology of neurodegenerative diseases. Drugs that affect microtubule stability are currently under investigation as potential therapies for disease and injury of the nervous system. There is often a lack of consistency, however, in how the issue of microtubule stability is discussed in the literature, and this can affect the design and interpretation of experiments as well as potential therapeutic regimens. Neuronal microtubules are considered to be more stable than microtubules in dividing cells. On average, this is true, but in addition to an abundant stable microtubule fraction in neurons, there is also an abundant labile microtubule fraction. Both are functionally important. Individual microtubules consist of domains that differ in their stability properties, and these domains can also differ markedly in their composition as well as how they interact with various microtubule-related proteins in the neuron. Myriad proteins and pathways have been discussed as potential contributors to microtubule stability in neurons. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter W Baas
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
| | - Anand N Rao
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Andrew J Matamoros
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lanfranco Leo
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Sun NK, Huang SL, Lu HP, Chang TC, Chao CC. Integrative transcriptomics-based identification of cryptic drivers of taxol-resistance genes in ovarian carcinoma cells: Analysis of the androgen receptor. Oncotarget 2015; 6:27065-82. [PMID: 26318424 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A systematic analysis of the genes involved in taxol resistance (txr) has never been performed. In the present study, we created txr ovarian carcinoma cell lines to identify the genes involved in chemoresistance. Transcriptome analysis revealed 1,194 overexpressed genes in txr cells. Among the upregulated genes, more than 12 cryptic transcription factors were identified using MetaCore analysis (including AR, C/EBPβ, ERα, HNF4α, c-Jun/AP-1, c-Myc, and SP-1). Notably, individual silencing of these transcription factors (except HNF4`)sensitized txr cells to taxol. The androgen receptor (AR) and its target genes were selected for further analysis. Silencing AR using RNA interference produced a 3-fold sensitization to taxol in txr cells, a response similar to that produced by silencing abcb1. AR silencing also downregulated the expression of prominent txr gene candidates (including abcb1, abcb6, abcg2, bmp5, fat3, fgfr2, h1f0, srcrb4d, and tmprss15). In contrast, AR activation using the agonist DHT upregulated expression of the target genes. Individually silencing seven out of nine (78%) AR-regulated txr genes sensitized txr cells to taxol. Inhibition of AKT and JNK cellular kinases using chemical inhibitors caused a dramatic suppression of AR expression. These results indicate that the AR represents a critical driver of gene expression involved in txr.
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Bennett A, Sloss O, Topham C, Nelson L, Tighe A, Taylor SS. Inhibition of Bcl-xL sensitizes cells to mitotic blockers, but not mitotic drivers. Open Biol 2016; 6:160134. [PMID: 27512141 PMCID: PMC5008013 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.160134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell fate in response to an aberrant mitosis is governed by two competing networks: the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) and the intrinsic apoptosis pathway. The mechanistic interplay between these two networks is obscured by functional redundancy and the ability of cells to die either in mitosis or in the subsequent interphase. By coupling time-lapse microscopy with selective pharmacological agents, we systematically probe pro-survival Bcl-xL in response to various mitotic perturbations. Concentration matrices show that BH3-mimetic-mediated inhibition of Bcl-xL synergises with perturbations that induce an SAC-mediated mitotic block, including drugs that dampen microtubule dynamics, and inhibitors targeting kinesins and kinases required for spindle assembly. By contrast, Bcl-xL inhibition does not synergize with drugs which drive cells through an aberrant mitosis by overriding the SAC. This differential effect, which is explained by compensatory Mcl-1 function, provides opportunities for patient stratification and combination treatments in the context of cancer chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ailsa Bennett
- Manchester Cancer Research Centre, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4QL, UK
| | - Olivia Sloss
- Manchester Cancer Research Centre, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4QL, UK
| | - Caroline Topham
- Manchester Cancer Research Centre, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4QL, UK
| | - Louisa Nelson
- Manchester Cancer Research Centre, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4QL, UK
| | - Anthony Tighe
- Manchester Cancer Research Centre, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4QL, UK
| | - Stephen S Taylor
- Manchester Cancer Research Centre, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4QL, UK
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