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Koki M, Yalo M, Makhaba M, Nako N, Rautenbach F, Badmus JA, Marnewick J, Hussein AA, Mabusela WT. Phytochemical Investigation and Biological Studies on Selected Searsia Species. Plants (Basel) 2022; 11:2793. [PMID: 36297817 PMCID: PMC9606921 DOI: 10.3390/plants11202793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Searsia is the more recent name for the genus Rhus, which contains over 250 individual species of flowering plants in the family Anacardiaceae. Several Searsia species are used in folk medicine and have been reported to exhibit various biological activities. Although known to exhibit different terpenoids and flavonoids, the chemistry of the Searsia genus is not comprehensively studied due to the structural complexity of the compounds. In this study, the extraction, isolation, and identification of secondary metabolites from three Searsia species (Searsia glauca, S. lucida, and S. laevigata) were conducted using chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques and afforded five known terpenes, viz., moronic acid (1), 21β-hydroxylolean-12-en-3-one (2), lupeol (11), α-amyrin (9), and β-amyrin (10), in addition to six known flavonoids, myricetin-3-O-β-galactopyranoside (3), rutin (4), quercetin (5), apigenin (6), amentoflavone (7), and quercetin-3-O-β-glucoside (8). The structural elucidation of the isolated compounds was determined based on NMR (1D and 2D) and comparison with the data in the literature. Biological assays, such as antioxidant and enzyme inhibition activity assays, were conducted on the plant extracts and the isolated compounds. The antioxidant capacities of hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, methanol, and butanol main extracts were investigated using ferric ion reducing power (FRAP), oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), and Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) assays. The results showed high antioxidant activities for methanol and butanol extracts of the three plants. The isolated compounds were tested against alpha-glucosidase and alpha-amylase, and the results showed the potent activity of moronic acid (C1) (IC50 10.62 ± 0.89 and 20.08 ± 0.56 µg/mL, respectively) and amentoflavone (C7) (IC50 5.57 ± 1.12 µg/mL and 19.84 ± 1.33 µg/mL, respectively). Isolated compounds of and biological assays for S. glauca, S. lucida, and S. laevigata are reported for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mkhuseli Koki
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7538, South Africa
| | - Masande Yalo
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7538, South Africa
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | - Masixole Makhaba
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7538, South Africa
- Chemistry Department, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Symphony Rd., Bellville 7535, South Africa
| | - Ndikho Nako
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7538, South Africa
| | - Fanie Rautenbach
- Applied Microbial and Health Biotechnology Institute, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Symphony Rd., Bellville 7535, South Africa
| | - Jelili A. Badmus
- Applied Microbial and Health Biotechnology Institute, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Symphony Rd., Bellville 7535, South Africa
| | - Jeanine Marnewick
- Applied Microbial and Health Biotechnology Institute, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Symphony Rd., Bellville 7535, South Africa
| | - Ahmed A. Hussein
- Chemistry Department, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Symphony Rd., Bellville 7535, South Africa
| | - Wilfred T. Mabusela
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7538, South Africa
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Etsassala NGER, Badmus JA, Marnewick JL, Egieyeh S, Iwuoha EI, Nchu F, Hussein AA. Alpha-Glucosidase and Alpha-Amylase Inhibitory Activities, Molecular Docking, and Antioxidant Capacities of Plectranthus ecklonii Constituents. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020378. [PMID: 35204260 PMCID: PMC8869333 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Shortage in insulin secretion or degradation of produced insulin is the principal characteristic of the metabolic disorder of diabetes mellitus (DM). However, because the current medications for the treatment of DM have many detrimental side effects, it is necessary to develop more effective antidiabetic drugs with minimal side effects. Alpha-glucosidase and alpha-amylase inhibitors are directly implicated in the delay of carbohydrate digestion. Pharmacologically, these inhibitors could be targeted for the reduction in glucose absorption rate and, subsequently, decreasing the postprandial rise in plasma glucose and the risk for long-term diabetes complications. The main objectives of this research study were to isolate different phytochemical constituents present in the methanolic extract of Plectranthusecklonii and evaluate their alpha-glucosidase and alpha-amylase inhibitory activities and antioxidant capacity. The phytochemical investigation of the methanolic extract of P. ecklonii yielded three known compounds, viz. parvifloron D, F, and G (1–3, respectively). Parvifloron G was isolated for the first time from P. ecklonii. The in vitro bio-evaluation of the methanolic extract of P. ecklonii and its isolated compounds against alpha-glucosidase showed that 3 exhibited moderate inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 41.3 ± 1.2 μg/mL. Molecular docking analysis confirmed the alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity demonstrated by 3. Additionally, strong antioxidant capacities were demonstrated by 3 and 1 on ORAC (28726.1 ± 8.1; 3942.9.6.6 ± 0.1 µM TE/g), respectively, which were comparable with the reference antioxidant epigallocatechingallate (EGCG). Furthermore, 3 also showed strong activity on TEAC (3526.1 ± 0.6 µM TE/g), followed by 2 (1069.3 ± 2.4 µM TE/g), as well as on FRAP (1455.4 ± 2.0 µM AAE/g). The methanolic extract of P. ecklonii is a rich source of abietane diterpenes with strong antioxidant activities. This is the first scientific report on alpha-glucosidase and alpha-amylase inhibitory activities, molecular docking, and antioxidant capacities of P. ecklonii constituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ninon G. E. R. Etsassala
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Symphony Road, Bellville, Cape Town 7535, South Africa;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +27-810-728-472
| | - Jelili A. Badmus
- Applied Microbial and Health Biotechnology Institute, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Symphony Road, Bellville 7535, South Africa; (J.A.B.); (J.L.M.)
| | - Jeanine L. Marnewick
- Applied Microbial and Health Biotechnology Institute, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Symphony Road, Bellville 7535, South Africa; (J.A.B.); (J.L.M.)
| | - Samuel Egieyeh
- School of Pharmacy, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, South Africa;
| | - Emmanuel. I. Iwuoha
- Chemistry Department, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa;
| | - Felix Nchu
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Symphony Road, Bellville, Cape Town 7535, South Africa;
| | - Ahmed A. Hussein
- Chemistry Department, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Symphony Road, Bellville 7535, South Africa;
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Omolaja AA, Pearce B, Omoruyi SI, Badmus JA, Ismail E, Marnewick J, Botha S, Benjeddou M, Ekpo OE, Hussein AA. The potential of chalcone-capped gold nanoparticles for the management of diabetes mellitus. Surfaces and Interfaces 2021; 25:101251. [DOI: 10.1016/j.surfin.2021.101251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
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Badmus JA, Ekpo OE, Sharma JR, Sibuyi NRS, Meyer M, Hussein AA, Hiss DC. An Insight into the Mechanism of Holamine- and Funtumine-Induced Cell Death in Cancer Cells. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25235716. [PMID: 33287388 PMCID: PMC7730674 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25235716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Holamine and funtumine, steroidal alkaloids with strong and diverse pharmacological activities are commonly found in the Apocynaceae family of Holarrhena. The selective anti-proliferative and cell cycle arrest effects of holamine and funtumine on cancer cells have been previously reported. The present study evaluated the anti-proliferative mechanism of action of these two steroidal alkaloids on cancer cell lines (HT-29, MCF-7 and HeLa) by exploring the mitochondrial depolarization effects, reactive oxygen species (ROS) induction, apoptosis, F-actin perturbation, and inhibition of topoisomerase-I. The apoptosis-inducing effects of the compounds were studied by flow cytometry using the APOPercentageTM dye and Caspase-3/7 Glo assay kit. The two compounds showed a significantly greater cytotoxicity in cancer cells compared to non-cancer (normal) fibroblasts. The observed antiproliferative effects of the two alkaloids presumably are facilitated through the stimulation of apoptosis. The apoptotic effect was elicited through the modulation of mitochondrial function, elevated ROS production, and caspase-3/7 activation. Both compounds also induced F-actin disorganization and inhibited topoisomerase-I activity. Although holamine and funtumine appear to have translational potential for the development of novel anticancer agents, further mechanistic and molecular studies are recommended to fully understand their anticancer effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelili A. Badmus
- Department of Medical Biosciences, University of the Western Cape, 7535 Bellville, Western Cape, South Africa; (J.A.B.); (O.E.E.)
| | - Okobi E. Ekpo
- Department of Medical Biosciences, University of the Western Cape, 7535 Bellville, Western Cape, South Africa; (J.A.B.); (O.E.E.)
| | - Jyoti R. Sharma
- DSI/Mintek-Nanotechnology Innovation Centre-BioLabels Node, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, 7535 Bellville, Western Cape, South Africa; (J.R.S.); (N.R.S.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Nicole Remaliah S. Sibuyi
- DSI/Mintek-Nanotechnology Innovation Centre-BioLabels Node, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, 7535 Bellville, Western Cape, South Africa; (J.R.S.); (N.R.S.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Mervin Meyer
- DSI/Mintek-Nanotechnology Innovation Centre-BioLabels Node, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, 7535 Bellville, Western Cape, South Africa; (J.R.S.); (N.R.S.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Ahmed A. Hussein
- Department of Chemistry, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 7535 Bellville, Western Cape, South Africa;
| | - Donavon C. Hiss
- Department of Medical Biosciences, University of the Western Cape, 7535 Bellville, Western Cape, South Africa; (J.A.B.); (O.E.E.)
- Correspondence:
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Etsassala NGER, Badmus JA, Marnewick JL, Iwuoha EI, Nchu F, Hussein AA. Alpha-Glucosidase and Alpha-Amylase Inhibitory Activities, Molecular Docking, and Antioxidant Capacities of Salvia aurita Constituents. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E1149. [PMID: 33228164 PMCID: PMC7699461 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9111149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most dangerous metabolic diseases with a high rate of mortality worldwide. It is well known that insulin resistance and deficiency in insulin production from pancreatic β-cells are the main characteristics of DM. Due to the detrimental side effects of the current treatment, there is a considerable need to develop new effective antidiabetic drugs, especially alpha-glucosidase and alpha-amylase inhibitors with lesser adverse effects. These inhibitors are known to be directly involved in the delay of carbohydrate digestion, resulting in a reduction of glucose absorption rate and, consequently, reducing the postprandial rise of plasma glucose, which can reduce the risk of long-term diabetes complications. Furthermore, natural products are well-known sources for the discovery of new bioactive compounds that can serve as scaffolds for drug discovery, including that of new antidiabetic drugs. The phytochemical investigation of Salvia aurita collected from Hogobach Pass, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa (SA), yielded four known abietane diterpenes namely carnosol (1), rosmanol (2), 7-methoxyrosmanol (3), 12-methoxycarnosic acid (4), and one flavonoid named 4,7-dimethylapigenin (5). Structural characterization of these isolated compounds was conducted using 1 and 2D NMR, in comparison with reported spectroscopic data. These compounds are reported for the first time from S. aurita. The biological evaluation of the isolated compound against alpha-glucosidase exhibited strong inhibitory activities for 3 and 2 with the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of 4.2 ± 0.7 and 16.4 ± 1.1 µg/mL respectively, while 4 and 1 demonstrated strong alpha-amylase inhibitory activity amongst the isolated compounds with IC50 values of 16.2 ± 0.3 and 19.8 ± 1.4 µg/mL. Molecular docking analysis confirms the strong inhibitory activity of 3 against alpha-glucosidase. Additionally, excellent antioxidant capacities were displayed by 2, 1, and 3, respectively, with oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) (25.79 ± 0.01; 23.96 ± 0.01; 23.94 ± 0.02) mM Trolox equivalent (TE)/g; 1 and 2 as ferric-ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) (3.92 ± 0.002; 1.52 ± 0.002) mM ascorbic acid equivalent (AAE)/g; 5 and 2 as Trolox equivalent absorbance capacity (TEAC) (3.19 ± 0.003; 2.06 ± 0.003) mM TE/g. The methanolic extract of S. aurita is a rich source of abietane diterpenes with excellent antioxidant and antidiabetic activities that can be useful to modulate oxidative stress and might possibly be excellent candidates for the management of diabetes. This is the first scientific report on the phytochemical isolation and biological evaluation of the alpha-glucosidase and alpha-amylase inhibitory activities of Salvia aurita.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ninon G. E. R. Etsassala
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Symphony Rd., Bellville 7535, South Africa;
| | - Jelili A. Badmus
- Applied Microbial and Health Biotechnology Institute, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Symphony Rd., Bellville 7535, South Africa;
| | - Jeanine L. Marnewick
- Applied Microbial and Health Biotechnology Institute, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Symphony Rd., Bellville 7535, South Africa;
| | - Emmanuel I. Iwuoha
- Chemistry Department, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa;
| | - Felix Nchu
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Symphony Rd., Bellville 7535, South Africa;
| | - Ahmed A. Hussein
- Chemistry Department, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Symphony Rd., Bellville 7535, South Africa;
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Badmus JA, Oyemomi SA, Adedosu OT, Yekeen TA, Azeez MA, Adebayo EA, Lateef A, Badeggi UM, Botha S, Hussein AA, Marnewick JL. Photo-assisted bio-fabrication of silver nanoparticles using Annona muricata leaf extract: exploring the antioxidant, anti-diabetic, antimicrobial, and cytotoxic activities. Heliyon 2020; 6:e05413. [PMID: 33195844 PMCID: PMC7644911 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Green synthesis of metal nanoparticles is reputed to have a robust range of biomedical applications. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) bio-fabricated using aqueous leaf extract of Annona muricata were characterized and evaluated for in-vitro antioxidant, lipid peroxidation inhibition, anti-diabetic and antimicrobial activities as well as cytotoxicity in human keratinocyte cells (HaCaT). The extract induced colour change of silver salt solution which absorbed at 420 nm and confirmed the formation of AgNPs. FTIR showed that free amide and hydroxyl groups were responsible for the synthesized nanoparticles. Both XRD and SAED confirmed the crystalline nature of the particles with face centered cubic (FCC) phase. The zeta potential revealed -27.2 mV potential and average distribution size of 35 nm. DLS indicated that the majority of the particles were 86.78 nm size and with a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.329. AgNPs displayed strong activities against DPPH (IC50 = 51.80 μg/ml), ABTS (IC50 = 30.78 μg/ml), α-amylase (IC50 = 0.90 μg/ml) and α-glucosidase (IC50 = 3.32 μg/ml). The particles exhibited a dose-dependent inhibition of Fe2+-induced lipid peroxidation with effective antimicrobial activity against a battery of bacterial strains and cytotoxicity in HaCaT cell line. These findings revealed the potential biomedical applications of the particles and further work will be required to establish its molecular mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Badmus
- Department of Biochemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria.,Applied Microbial and Health Biotechnology Institute, University of the Western Cape, South Africa
| | - S A Oyemomi
- Department of Biochemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
| | - O T Adedosu
- Department of Biochemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
| | - T A Yekeen
- Department of Pure and Applied Biology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
| | - M A Azeez
- Department of Pure and Applied Biology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
| | - E A Adebayo
- Department of Pure and Applied Biology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
| | - A Lateef
- Department of Pure and Applied Biology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
| | - U M Badeggi
- Department of Chemistry, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, University of the Western Cape, South Africa
| | - S Botha
- Electron Microscope Unit, University of the Western Cape, South Africa
| | - A A Hussein
- Department of Chemistry, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, University of the Western Cape, South Africa
| | - J L Marnewick
- Applied Microbial and Health Biotechnology Institute, University of the Western Cape, South Africa
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Akintayo GO, Lateef A, Azeez MA, Asafa TB, Oladipo IC, Badmus JA, Ojo SA, Elegbede JA, Gueguim-Kana EB, Beukes LS, Yekeen TA. Synthesis, bioactivities and cytogenotoxicity of animal fur-mediated silver nanoparticles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1088/1757-899x/805/1/012041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Badeggi UM, Ismail E, Adeloye AO, Botha S, Badmus JA, Marnewick JL, Cupido CN, Hussein AA. Green Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles Capped with Procyanidins from Leucosidea sericea as Potential Antidiabetic and Antioxidant Agents. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10030452. [PMID: 32183213 PMCID: PMC7175165 DOI: 10.3390/biom10030452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, procyanidins fractions of dimers and trimers (F1-F2) from the Leucosidea sericea total extract (LSTE) were investigated for their chemical constituents. The total extract and the procyanidins were employed in the synthesis of gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) and fully characterized. Au NPs of 6, 24 and 21 nm were obtained using LSTE, F1 and F2 respectively. Zeta potential and in vitro stability studies confirmed the stability of the particles. The enzymatic activity of LSTE, F1, F2 and their corresponding Au NPs showed strong inhibitory alpha-amylase activity where F1 Au NPs demonstrated the highest with IC50 of 1.88 µg/mL. On the other hand, F2 Au NPs displayed the strongest alpha-glucosidase activity at 4.5 µg/mL. F2 and F2 Au NPs also demonstrated the highest antioxidant activity, 1834.0 ± 4.7 μM AAE/g and 1521.9 ± 3.0 μM TE/g respectively. The study revealed not only the ability of procyanidins dimers (F1 and F2) in forming biostable and bioactive Au NPs but also, a significant enhancement of the natural products activities, which could improve the smart delivery in future biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umar M. Badeggi
- Chemistry Department, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Symphony Rd., Bellville 7535, South Africa; (U.M.B.); (E.I.); (A.O.A.)
| | - Enas Ismail
- Chemistry Department, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Symphony Rd., Bellville 7535, South Africa; (U.M.B.); (E.I.); (A.O.A.)
| | - Adewale O. Adeloye
- Chemistry Department, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Symphony Rd., Bellville 7535, South Africa; (U.M.B.); (E.I.); (A.O.A.)
| | - Subelia Botha
- Electron Microscope Unit, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, South Africa;
| | - Jelili A. Badmus
- Oxidative Stress Research Centre, Institute of Biomedical and Microbial Biotechnology, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Symphony Rd., Bellville 7535, South Africa; (J.A.B.); (J.L.M.)
| | - Jeanine L. Marnewick
- Oxidative Stress Research Centre, Institute of Biomedical and Microbial Biotechnology, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Symphony Rd., Bellville 7535, South Africa; (J.A.B.); (J.L.M.)
| | - Christopher N. Cupido
- Department of Botany, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa;
| | - Ahmed A. Hussein
- Chemistry Department, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Symphony Rd., Bellville 7535, South Africa; (U.M.B.); (E.I.); (A.O.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +27-21-959-6193; Fax: +27-21-959-3055
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Abudabbus A, Badmus JA, Shalaweh S, Bauer R, Hiss D. Effects of Fucoidan and Chemotherapeutic Agent Combinations on Malignant and Non-malignant Breast Cell Lines. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2018; 18:748-757. [PMID: 29141543 DOI: 10.2174/1389201018666171115115112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Breast cancer is a leading cause of death among women in both developed and Third World countries. Fucoidan is a natural plant metabolite produced by brown seaweeds with proven anticancer potential. This study determined the cytotoxic, apoptotic and cell cycle effects of fucoidan alone and in combination with first-line anticancer drugs (cisplatin, doxorubicin and taxol) in MCF-7 breast cancer cells and non-malignant MCF-12A breast epithelial cells as control. METHODS Cytotoxicity was evaluated using the MTT reduction assay. Cell cycle distribution and apoptosis were assessed by flow cytometry using Annexin VFITC/PI and Hoechst 33342 staining, and caspases-3, -7 and -9 activation. RESULTS Fucoidan alone was significantly more cytotoxic to MCF-7 breast cancer cells compared to the MCF-12A non-cancerous breast epithelial cell line. In MCF-7 cells, the presence of fucoidan caused cell cycle arrest at G1 with accumulation of cells in the sub-G1 phase with the activation of caspases-3,-7 and -9. Furthermore, combination of fucoidan with the standard chemotherapeutic agents-cisplatin, doxorubicin and taxol-significantly enhanced the cytotoxicity of these drugs and accumulation of cells in the G2/M and sub-G1 phases, and induction of apoptosis. No significant differences were observed between fucoidan-treated and untreated MCF-12A cells with respect to cytotoxicity and cell cycle distribution profiles. By contrast, in non-cancerous MCF-12A cells, fucoidan attenuated the toxicity of doxorubicin and cisplatin in combination by increasing their IC50 values. This effect was not demonstrated with the taxol combination. CONCLUSIONS Fucoidan is an effective antitumor agent, either alone or in combination with cisplatin, doxorubicin and taxol in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Drug combinations that discriminate between cancerous and non-cancerous cells afford a plausible and viable strategy of attaining therapeutic efficacy and avoiding possible toxicity and side effects. These findings suggest that fucoidan is a promising candidate for cancer combination therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisha Abudabbus
- Department of Medical Biosciences, University of the Western Cape, Bellville. South Africa
| | - Jelili A Badmus
- Department of Medical Biosciences, University of the Western Cape, Bellville. South Africa
| | - Salem Shalaweh
- Department of Medical Biosciences, University of the Western Cape, Bellville. South Africa
| | - Rolene Bauer
- Algae Research Group, Launch Laboratory, Stellenbosch University. South Africa
| | - Donavon Hiss
- Department of Medical Biosciences, University of the Western Cape, Bellville. South Africa
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Badmus JA, Ekpo OE, Rautenbach F, Marnewick JL, Hussein AA, Hiss DC. Isolation and antioxidant activity of flavonoids from Holarrhena floribunda (G.don) leaves. Acta Biochim Pol 2016; 63:353-8. [PMID: 27172363 DOI: 10.18388/abp.2015_1178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Revised: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Bioactive polyphenolics are ubiquitously present in plants and may play an important role in the prevention and management of certain human diseases. Three known flavonoids viz Kaemperol-3-O-rutinoside (1), quercetin-3-O-glucoside (2) and kaemperol-3-O-glucoside (3) and inseparable mixture (1:1) of quercetin-3-O-glucose/galactose (4) were isolated, and identified for the first time from Holarrhena floribunda. The antioxidant capacity using the ORAC, FRAP and TEAC assays and inhibition of lipid peroxidation were measured for isolated flavonoids. The result showed that compounds 2 and 4 showed significantly increased ORAC, TEAC, and FRAP activities with low pro-oxidant potential as well as improved lipid peroxidation inhibition levels when compared to compounds 1 and 3. The most active compounds were found to be flavonoids with a quercetin basic structure. These results imply that the isolated flavonoid glycosides are responsible for the antioxidant activity of the plant leaves and it forms the scientific basis for its traditional usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelili A Badmus
- Department of Medical Biosciences, University of the Western Cape, New Life Sciences Building, Private Bag X17 Bellville, Cape Town 7535, South Africa
| | - Okobi E Ekpo
- Department of Medical Biosciences, University of the Western Cape, New Life Sciences Building, Private Bag X17 Bellville, Cape Town 7535, South Africa
| | - Fanie Rautenbach
- Oxidative Stress Research Centre, Institute of Biomedical and Microbial Biotechnology, Faculty of Health and Wellness Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town South Africa
| | - Jeanine L Marnewick
- Oxidative Stress Research Centre, Institute of Biomedical and Microbial Biotechnology, Faculty of Health and Wellness Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town South Africa
| | - Ahmed A Hussein
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Chemical Sciences Building, Private Bag X17 Bellville, Cape Town 7535, South Africa
| | - Donavon C Hiss
- Department of Medical Biosciences, University of the Western Cape, New Life Sciences Building, Private Bag X17 Bellville, Cape Town 7535, South Africa
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Badmus JA, Odunola OA, Yekeen TA, Gbadegesin AM, Fatoki JO, Godo MO, Oyebanjo KS, Hiss DC. Evaluation of antioxidant, antimutagenic, and lipid peroxidation inhibitory activities of selected fractions of Holarrhena floribunda (G. Don) leaves. Acta Biochim Pol 2013; 60:435-442. [PMID: 24020060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Revised: 06/28/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to environmental pollutants often leads to an upsurge in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS oxidize cellular fatty acids to produce lipid peroxyl radicals, subsequently transformed into lipid peroxides, which decrease membrane fluidity and increase the activity of various enzymes implicated in degenerative diseases and cancer formation. Edible plants that contain exogenous compounds like curcumeroid, β-carotene, turmeric, and so on, protect the aerobic cells from oxidation of free radicals. This study thus evaluates antioxidant and antimutagenic activities of ethyl acetate, aqueous and methanolic fractions of Holarrhena floribunda leaves. Inhibitory activities of the ethyl acetate fraction on Fe(2+)-induced lipid peroxidation in hen egg yolk; rat liver and brain tissues were also evaluated. The Allium cepa root assay was used to evaluate antimutagenic activity. Results showed that the ethyl acetate scavenged DPPH, OH•, and •O2(-) much stronger than other fractions, as evidenced by its lowest respective IC50 values. All the fractions displayed antimutagenic activities against cyclophosphamide-induced chromosomal aberrations. Likewise, all the fractions induced a reduction in mitotic index, a hallmark of cytotoxicity in the root meristem of Allium cepa. The decrease in mitotic index was most profound for the ethyl acetate fraction, which also demonstrated a significant lipid peroxidation inhibitory activity in the liver and brain homogenates, but not in egg yolk, compared with the ascorbic acid standard. In general, the results suggest that the ethyl acetate fraction might contain beneficial phytochemicals that should be explored as novel candidates for preclinical drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelili A Badmus
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Medical Biosciences, University of the Western Cape, South Africa and Department of Biochemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
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Badmus JA, Odunola OA, Yekeen TA, Gbadegesin AM, Fatoki JO, Godo MO, Oyebanjo KS, Hiss DC. Evaluation of antioxidant, antimutagenic, and lipid peroxidation inhibitory activities of selected fractions of Holarrhena floribunda (G. Don) leaves. Acta Biochim Pol 2013. [DOI: 10.18388/abp.2013_2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to environmental pollutants often leads to an upsurge in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS oxidize cellular fatty acids to produce lipid peroxyl radicals, subsequently transformed into lipid peroxides, which decrease membrane fluidity and increase the activity of various enzymes implicated in degenerative diseases and cancer formation. Edible plants that contain exogenous compounds like curcumeroid, β-carotene, turmeric, and so on, protect the aerobic cells from oxidation of free radicals. This study thus evaluates antioxidant and antimutagenic activities of ethyl acetate, aqueous and methanolic fractions of Holarrhena floribunda leaves. Inhibitory activities of the ethyl acetate fraction on Fe(2+)-induced lipid peroxidation in hen egg yolk; rat liver and brain tissues were also evaluated. The Allium cepa root assay was used to evaluate antimutagenic activity. Results showed that the ethyl acetate scavenged DPPH, OH•, and •O2(-) much stronger than other fractions, as evidenced by its lowest respective IC50 values. All the fractions displayed antimutagenic activities against cyclophosphamide-induced chromosomal aberrations. Likewise, all the fractions induced a reduction in mitotic index, a hallmark of cytotoxicity in the root meristem of Allium cepa. The decrease in mitotic index was most profound for the ethyl acetate fraction, which also demonstrated a significant lipid peroxidation inhibitory activity in the liver and brain homogenates, but not in egg yolk, compared with the ascorbic acid standard. In general, the results suggest that the ethyl acetate fraction might contain beneficial phytochemicals that should be explored as novel candidates for preclinical drug development.
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Badmus JA, Adedosu TO, Fatoki JO, Adegbite VA, Adaramoye OA, Odunola OA. Lipid peroxidation inhibition and antiradical activities of some leaf fractions of Mangifera indica. Acta Pol Pharm 2011; 68:23-29. [PMID: 21485698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
This study was undertaken to assess in vitro lipid peroxidation inhibitions and anti-radical activities of methanolic, chloroform, ethyl acetate and water fractions of Mangifera indica leaf. Inhibition of Fe(2+)-induced lipid peroxidation (LPO) in egg, brain, and liver homogenates, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and hydroxyl (OH-) radical scavenging activities were evaluated. Total phenol was assessed in all fractions, and the reducing power of methanolic fraction was compared to gallic acid and ascorbic acid. The results showed that Fe2+ induced significant lipid peroxidation (LPO) in all the homogenates. Ethyl acetate fraction showed the highest percentage inhibition of LPO in both egg yolk (68.3%) and brain (66.3%), while the aqueous fraction exerted the highest inhibition in liver homogenate (89.1%) at a concentration of 10 microg/mL. These observed inhibitions of LPO by these fractions were higher than that of ascorbic acid used as a standard. The DPPH radical scavenging ability exhibited by ethyl acetate fraction was found to be the highest with IC50 value of 1.5 microg/mL. The ethyl acetate and methanolic fractions had the highest OH- radical scavenging ability with the same IC50 value of 5 microg/mL. The total phenol content of ethyl acetate fraction was the highest with 0.127 microg/mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE). The reductive potential of methanolic fraction showed a concentration-dependent increase. This study showed that inhibition of LPO and the DPPH and OH- radicals scavenging abilities of Mangifera indica leaf could be related to the presence of phenolic compounds. Therefore, the ethyl acetate fraction of the leaf may be a good source of natural antioxidative agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelili A Badmus
- Department of Biochemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, P.M.B. 4000, Ogbomoso, Nigeria.
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Badmus JA, Odunola OA, Bakare AA. Effect of defatted methanolic extract of Holarrhena floribunda leaves in sodium arsenite-induced clastogenecity in Wistar albino rats. Afr J Med Med Sci 2010; 39 Suppl:123-128. [PMID: 22416654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the effect of defatted methanolic extract of Holarrhena floribunda leaves on sodium arsenite-induced clastogenecity and toxicity in male wistar rats. Animals were randomly allotted into six groups of five rats each and treated as follows; Group A (sodium arsenite (NaAsO3)), Group B (100 mg/kg extract), Group C (100 mg/kg extract plus NaAsO3), Group D (200 mg/kg extract), Group E (200 mg/kg extract plus NaAsO3) and Group F had distilled water. Sodium arsenite (2.5 mg/kg) was given intraperitoneally once per week. The extract was administered through oral gavage for 28 consecutive days. Clastogenecity was evaluated by studying micronuclei formation in polychromatic erythrocytes cells (PCEs) in the bone marrow. Plasma levels of Gamma Glutamyl Transferase (ãGT), Aspartate Amino Transferase (AST), Alanine Amino Transferase (ALT) were determined. Hepatic Reduced Glutathione (GSH), Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT), protein and lipid peroxidation were determined. Liver histopathological evaluation was also carried out.The results obtained show that NaAsO3-induced micronuclei formation in PCEs was reduced at 100 and 200 mg/kg of the extract by 7.7% and 38.5% respectively while elevated plasma ãGT and ALT levels were significantly ameliorated (P<0.001). There was no significant difference in plasma AST levels and hepatic SOD activities in all the treated groups as compared with the control. Sodium arsenite-induced reduction of GSH concentration was elevated by the extract at 100 and 200 mg/kg by 18.5% and 11.9% respectively. The reduction of CAT activity by NaAsO3 was also ameliorated at 200 mg/kg extract by 23.3%. The extract at 100 mg/kg significantly reduced NaAsO3-induced lipid peroxidation by 16.4% (P < 0.05). Histological examinations showed that the extract at 100 mg/kg protected NaAsO3-induced liver damage. This study revealed that the leaf extract has potential to ameliorate clastogenecity and toxicity induced by sodium arsenite in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Badmus
- Cancer Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
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