1
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Geddie H, Cairns M, Smith L, van Wyk M, Beselaar L, Truter N, Rautenbach F, Marnewick JL, Joseph DE, Essop MF. The impact of chronic stress on intracellular redox balance: A systems level analysis. Physiol Rep 2023; 11:e15640. [PMID: 37020327 PMCID: PMC10076515 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic psychosocial stress is implicated in the onset and progression of noncommunicable diseases, and mechanisms underlying this relationship include alterations to the intracellular redox state. However, such changes are often investigated in isolation, with few studies adopting a system level approach. Here, male Wistar rats were exposed to 9.5 weeks of chronic unpredictable mild stress and redox status assays were subsequently performed on cardiac, hepatic, and brain tissues versus matched controls. The stressed rats displayed an anxious phenotype, with lowered plasma corticosterone levels (p = 0.04 vs. Controls) and higher plasma epinephrine concentrations (p = 0.03 vs. Controls). Our findings showed organ-specific redox profiles, with stressed rats displaying increased myocardial lipid peroxidation (p = 0.04 vs. Controls) in the presence of elevated nonenzymatic antioxidant capacity (p = 0.04 vs. Controls). Conversely, hepatic tissues of stressed rats exhibited lowered nonenzymatic antioxidant capacity (p < 0.001 vs. Controls) together with increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity (p = 0.05 vs. Controls). The brain displayed region-specific antioxidant perturbations, with increased SOD activity (p = 0.01 vs. Controls) in the prefrontal cortex of the stressed rats. These findings reveal distinct stress-related organ-specific vulnerability to redox perturbations and may provide novel insights into putative therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Geddie
- Center for Cardio-metabolic Research in Africa (CARMA), Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Megan Cairns
- Center for Cardio-metabolic Research in Africa (CARMA), Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Logan Smith
- Center for Cardio-metabolic Research in Africa (CARMA), Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Minette van Wyk
- Center for Cardio-metabolic Research in Africa (CARMA), Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Leandrie Beselaar
- Center for Cardio-metabolic Research in Africa (CARMA), Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Nina Truter
- Center for Cardio-metabolic Research in Africa (CARMA), Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Fanie Rautenbach
- Applied Microbial and Health Biotechnology Institute (AMHBI), Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jeanine L Marnewick
- Applied Microbial and Health Biotechnology Institute (AMHBI), Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Danzil E Joseph
- Center for Cardio-metabolic Research in Africa (CARMA), Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - M Faadiel Essop
- Centre for Cardio-metabolic Research in Africa (CARMA), Division of Medical Physiology, BMRI, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
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2
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Koki M, Yalo M, Makhaba M, Nako N, Rautenbach F, Badmus JA, Marnewick J, Hussein AA, Mabusela WT. Phytochemical Investigation and Biological Studies on Selected Searsia Species. Plants (Basel) 2022; 11:2793. [PMID: 36297817 PMCID: PMC9606921 DOI: 10.3390/plants11202793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Searsia is the more recent name for the genus Rhus, which contains over 250 individual species of flowering plants in the family Anacardiaceae. Several Searsia species are used in folk medicine and have been reported to exhibit various biological activities. Although known to exhibit different terpenoids and flavonoids, the chemistry of the Searsia genus is not comprehensively studied due to the structural complexity of the compounds. In this study, the extraction, isolation, and identification of secondary metabolites from three Searsia species (Searsia glauca, S. lucida, and S. laevigata) were conducted using chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques and afforded five known terpenes, viz., moronic acid (1), 21β-hydroxylolean-12-en-3-one (2), lupeol (11), α-amyrin (9), and β-amyrin (10), in addition to six known flavonoids, myricetin-3-O-β-galactopyranoside (3), rutin (4), quercetin (5), apigenin (6), amentoflavone (7), and quercetin-3-O-β-glucoside (8). The structural elucidation of the isolated compounds was determined based on NMR (1D and 2D) and comparison with the data in the literature. Biological assays, such as antioxidant and enzyme inhibition activity assays, were conducted on the plant extracts and the isolated compounds. The antioxidant capacities of hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, methanol, and butanol main extracts were investigated using ferric ion reducing power (FRAP), oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), and Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) assays. The results showed high antioxidant activities for methanol and butanol extracts of the three plants. The isolated compounds were tested against alpha-glucosidase and alpha-amylase, and the results showed the potent activity of moronic acid (C1) (IC50 10.62 ± 0.89 and 20.08 ± 0.56 µg/mL, respectively) and amentoflavone (C7) (IC50 5.57 ± 1.12 µg/mL and 19.84 ± 1.33 µg/mL, respectively). Isolated compounds of and biological assays for S. glauca, S. lucida, and S. laevigata are reported for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mkhuseli Koki
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7538, South Africa
| | - Masande Yalo
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7538, South Africa
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | - Masixole Makhaba
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7538, South Africa
- Chemistry Department, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Symphony Rd., Bellville 7535, South Africa
| | - Ndikho Nako
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7538, South Africa
| | - Fanie Rautenbach
- Applied Microbial and Health Biotechnology Institute, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Symphony Rd., Bellville 7535, South Africa
| | - Jelili A. Badmus
- Applied Microbial and Health Biotechnology Institute, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Symphony Rd., Bellville 7535, South Africa
| | - Jeanine Marnewick
- Applied Microbial and Health Biotechnology Institute, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Symphony Rd., Bellville 7535, South Africa
| | - Ahmed A. Hussein
- Chemistry Department, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Symphony Rd., Bellville 7535, South Africa
| | - Wilfred T. Mabusela
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7538, South Africa
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3
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Akuru EA, Oyeagu CE, Mpendulo TC, Rautenbach F, Oguntibeju OO. Effect of pomegranate ( Punica granatum L) peel powder meal dietary supplementation on antioxidant status and quality of breast meat in broilers. Heliyon 2020; 6:e05709. [PMID: 33364487 PMCID: PMC7750561 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined the antioxidant status and quality of breast meat in broiler birds fed diets supplemented with pomegranate peel powder meal (PPPM). During the 35-d feeding trial, broiler birds were fed six experimental diets: diet with 0% additives (negative control; NEGCON); diet with α-Tocopherol acetate at 200 g/tonne (positive control; POSCON); and four levels (2, 4, 6 and 8 g/kg) of PPPM, designated as PPPM2, PPPM4, PPPM6, and PPPM8. Breast muscle pH was determined 15mins and 24hrs postmortem. The breast muscles were then stored at 4 °C to determine shelf-life attributes (pH, colour, hue angle, and chroma) for 16 days. Meat from the 8 g/kg PPPM had the highest thawing loss, whereas cooking loss was lowest at 2 g/kg PPPM inclusion. The meat of birds fed 2 g/kg and 4 g/kg PPPM had the highest (P<0.05) ability to scavenge the ABTS [(2, 2-azinobis (3ethylbenzothiazoline-6 sulfonic acid))] radical cation (ABTS+), whereas, catalase activity was increased at 8 g/kg PPPM. The results obtained in this study indicate that 2 g/kg supplementation of pomegranate peel powder meal significantly improved the water-binding capacity of broiler breast meat, owing to the reduced cooking loss of the meat, and meat from the PPPM2 (2 g/kg) group had the highest ability to scavenge ABTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunice A Akuru
- Department of Livestock and Pasture Science, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice, 5700, Eastern Cape, South Africa.,Department of Animal Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, 410001, Nigeria
| | - Chika E Oyeagu
- Department of Livestock and Pasture Science, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice, 5700, Eastern Cape, South Africa.,Department of Agriculture, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Wellington Campus, Private Bag X8, Wellington, 7654, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Thando C Mpendulo
- Department of Livestock and Pasture Science, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice, 5700, Eastern Cape, South Africa
| | - Fanie Rautenbach
- Oxidative Stress Research Centre, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, P.O. Box 1906, Bellville, 7535, South Africa
| | - Oluwafemi O Oguntibeju
- Oxidative Stress Research Centre, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, P.O. Box 1906, Bellville, 7535, South Africa
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Faber RJ, Laubscher CP, Rautenbach F, Jimoh MO. Variabilities in alkaloid concentration of Sceletium tortuosum (L.) N.E. Br in response to different soilless growing media and fertigation regimes in hydroponics. Heliyon 2020; 6:e05479. [PMID: 33235938 PMCID: PMC7670209 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate the variations in alkaloid concentrations of Sceletium tortuosum when grown in soilless mediums under different fertigation regimes and to examine the suitability of the plant for hydroponic cultivation. A mother plant obtained from Verve Dynamics (Pty) Ltd (a manufacturer and supplier of purified botanical extracts) was cultivated into three hundred plants used for this research study. Twenty treatments were evaluated with 15 sample replicates. Treatments were made up of 4 different soilless growing media, namely: pure silica sand, 50% silica sand with 50% coco-peat, 50% silica sand with 50% vermiculite, and 50% silica sand with 50% perlite. These growing media were tested in conjunction with 5 different fertigation regimes (FR). Plants grown in FR1 received aqueous nutrient solution once every week, FR2 received aqueous nutrient solution once every second week, FR3 received aqueous nutrient solution once every third week, FR4 received aqueous nutrient solution once every fourth week and FR5 received aqueous nutrient solution once every fifth week respectively. Results from this experiment showed that different soilless growing media and fertigation had varying effects on alkaloid concentrations in S. tortuosum. It was also observed that roots contained higher amounts of delta 7 mesembrenone and mesembrenone, while shoots contained higher amounts of the alkaloid mesembrine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard James Faber
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville 7537, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Charles Petrus Laubscher
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville 7537, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Fanie Rautenbach
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville 7537, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Muhali Olaide Jimoh
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville 7537, Cape Town, South Africa
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5
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Stander EA, Williams W, Mgwatyu Y, van Heusden P, Rautenbach F, Marnewick J, Le Roes-Hill M, Hesse U. Transcriptomics of the Rooibos (Aspalathus linearis) Species Complex. BioTech 2020; 9:biotech9040019. [PMID: 35822822 PMCID: PMC9258316 DOI: 10.3390/biotech9040019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Rooibos (Aspalathus linearis), widely known as a herbal tea, is endemic to the Cape Floristic Region of South Africa (SA). It produces a wide range of phenolic compounds that have been associated with diverse health promoting properties of the plant. The species comprises several growth forms that differ in their morphology and biochemical composition, only one of which is cultivated and used commercially. Here, we established methodologies for non-invasive transcriptome research of wild-growing South African plant species, including (1) harvesting and transport of plant material suitable for RNA sequencing; (2) inexpensive, high-throughput biochemical sample screening; (3) extraction of high-quality RNA from recalcitrant, polysaccharide- and polyphenol rich plant material; and (4) biocomputational analysis of Illumina sequencing data, together with the evaluation of programs for transcriptome assembly (Trinity, IDBA-Trans, SOAPdenovo-Trans, CLC), protein prediction, as well as functional and taxonomic transcript annotation. In the process, we established a biochemically characterized sample pool from 44 distinct rooibos ecotypes (1–5 harvests) and generated four in-depth annotated transcriptomes (each comprising on average ≈86,000 transcripts) from rooibos plants that represent distinct growth forms and differ in their biochemical profiles. These resources will serve future rooibos research and plant breeding endeavours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Amor Stander
- South African Medical Research Council Bioinformatics Unit, South African National Bioinformatics Institute, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, South Africa; (E.A.S.); (W.W.); (Y.M.); (P.v.H.)
| | - Wesley Williams
- South African Medical Research Council Bioinformatics Unit, South African National Bioinformatics Institute, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, South Africa; (E.A.S.); (W.W.); (Y.M.); (P.v.H.)
- Institute for Microbial Biotechnology and Metagenomics, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, South Africa
| | - Yamkela Mgwatyu
- South African Medical Research Council Bioinformatics Unit, South African National Bioinformatics Institute, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, South Africa; (E.A.S.); (W.W.); (Y.M.); (P.v.H.)
| | - Peter van Heusden
- South African Medical Research Council Bioinformatics Unit, South African National Bioinformatics Institute, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, South Africa; (E.A.S.); (W.W.); (Y.M.); (P.v.H.)
| | - Fanie Rautenbach
- Applied Microbial and Health Biotechnology Institute, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville 7535, South Africa; (F.R.); (J.M.); (M.L.R.-H.)
| | - Jeanine Marnewick
- Applied Microbial and Health Biotechnology Institute, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville 7535, South Africa; (F.R.); (J.M.); (M.L.R.-H.)
| | - Marilize Le Roes-Hill
- Applied Microbial and Health Biotechnology Institute, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville 7535, South Africa; (F.R.); (J.M.); (M.L.R.-H.)
| | - Uljana Hesse
- South African Medical Research Council Bioinformatics Unit, South African National Bioinformatics Institute, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, South Africa; (E.A.S.); (W.W.); (Y.M.); (P.v.H.)
- Institute for Microbial Biotechnology and Metagenomics, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, South Africa
- Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, South Africa
- Correspondence:
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6
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Abstract
Background Rooibos types and forms and how prepared and flavoured influence the total polyphenol content and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). Aim To denote an optimal rooibos cup as having the highest total polyphenol content and TAC, considering the different types, forms, preparation methods and flavourings and amounts (Phase 1), and determine the demographic, lifestyle and rooibos consumption characteristics of adult rooibos consumers, and the association of these characteristics with drinking the optimal cup (Phase 2). Setting Assays: Oxidative Stress Research Centre, Cape Peninsula University of Technology; Consumer survey: George area, South Africa. Method Phase 1 entailed determining the total polyphenol content (Folin–Ciocalteau method) and TAC (Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity and ferric-reducing antioxidant power assay) of the prepared rooibos samples. For Phase 2, a developed, pilot tested questionnaire was used to profile adult rooibos consumers. Results Phase 1: the following samples delivered higher total polyphenol content and TAC: green (type), green leaves and powdered extract (forms), and sample steeped for 10 min or longer (preparation method). The identified optimal cup was sample steeped for 10 min or longer. Phase 2: a total of 308 respondents completed the questionnaire. Few consumed more than one rooibos cup per day (25.3%; n = 78) and the optimal cup (15.9%; n = 49). These latter respondents comprised those who steeped rooibos in a teapot (not a cup or mug) (p < 0.05). Conclusions The optimal cup was identified as sample steeped for 10 min or longer. The rooibos consumers did not consume it sufficiently, nor steeped it long enough.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannelise Piek
- Department of Biotechnology and Consumer Science, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, South Africa
| | - Irma Venter
- Department of Biotechnology and Consumer Science, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, South Africa
| | - Fanie Rautenbach
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, South Africa
| | - Jeanine L Marnewick
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, South Africa.,Oxidative Stress Research Centre, Institute of Biomedical and Microbial Biotechnology, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, South Africa
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Espinoza F, Vidal S, Rautenbach F, Lewu F, Nchu F. Effects of Beauveria bassiana (Hypocreales) on plant growth and secondary metabolites of extracts of hydroponically cultivated chive ( Allium schoenoprasum L. [Amaryllidaceae]). Heliyon 2019; 5:e03038. [PMID: 31890967 PMCID: PMC6928240 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e03038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The endophytic plant-fungi symbiotic relationship can be explored to improve cultivation of targeted medicinal plant species. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of the cultivation of chive (Allium schoenoprasum) in plant growth medium inoculated with the entomopathogenic fungus, Beauveria bassiana (Hypocreales). Twelve replicates of chive seedlings were exposed to B. bassiana inoculum formulated at concentrations of 0, 1 × 105, 1 × 104 and 1 × 103 conidia mL-1 in a completely randomized design. We assessed plant growth parameters, such as leaf number and plant height weekly and root length, leaf and root fresh and dry weights and secondary metabolites three weeks post-fungal inoculation. The fungus was re-isolated from some of the leaves and roots of the treated plants suggesting that the fungus successfully colonized the plant tissue. Generally, the results indicated that the fungal inoculation had minimal effect on most of the growth parameters assessed in relation to the control. Remarkably, plants exposed to the fungus recorded greater (p < 0.05) total alkaloid, ranging from 2.98 - 3.76 mg atropine equivalent (AE)/g dry weight (DW) compared to the control plants (1.96 mg AE/g DW) for the leaves. This study demonstrated that endophytic fungi could be used to improve the yield of active chemical constituents in cultivated medicinal plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friederike Espinoza
- Department of Crop Sciences, Section of Agricultural Entomology, Georg-August University, Grisebachstrasse 6, 37077, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Vidal
- Department of Crop Sciences, Section of Agricultural Entomology, Georg-August University, Grisebachstrasse 6, 37077, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Fanie Rautenbach
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Symphony Way, Bellville, P.O. Box 1906, Bellville 7535, South Africa
| | - Francis Lewu
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Symphony Way, Bellville, P.O. Box 1906, Bellville 7535, South Africa
| | - Felix Nchu
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Wellington, South Africa
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Chukwuma CI, Matsabisa MG, Rautenbach F, Rademan S, Oyedemi SO, Chaudhary SK, Javu M. Evaluation of the nutritional composition of Myrothamnus flabellifolius (Welw.) herbal tea and its protective effect against oxidative hepatic cell injury. J Food Biochem 2019; 43:e13026. [PMID: 31463942 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The nutrient composition of Myrothamnus flabellifolius leaf tea extract (MLTE) and its protective effect against oxidative hepatic cell injury were evaluated. Gallic acid, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, methyl gallate, and epicatechin were identified in MLTE by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The tea extract showed an appreciable nutritional content of proximate, sugar, vitamin E, monounsaturated fatty acids, omega 6 and 9 unsaturated fatty acids, as well as considerable amounts of various mineral elements. Nineteen amino acids were found. Moreover, MLTE exhibited potent in vitro antioxidant activities, presumably because of its richness in polyphenols (gallic acid and ferulic acid) and vitamin E. In Chang liver cells, pretreatment with MLTE suppressed oxidative lipid peroxidation (IC50 = 113.11 μg/ml) and GSH depletion (IC50 = 70.49 μg/ml) without causing cytotoxicity. These data support the local consumption of M. flabellifolius herbal tea, which may be used against oxidative stress-induced diseases while providing the body with necessary nutrients. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Herbal teas are one of the most consumed beverages in the world today, due to their refreshing taste and additional health benefits. Myrothamnus flabellifolius herbal tea is a widely used traditional herbal tea in Southern Africa with potentials for commercialization due to its pleasant flavor. This study, for the first time, reported the nutritional composition of the leaf decoction of M. flabellifolius and its protective effect on hepatic oxidative insults. These results can inform the dietary and nutritional use of the tea for optimum benefits, as well as provide preliminary scientific validation of the use of the herbal tea as an antioxidant beverage with good nutritional value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chika Ifeanyi Chukwuma
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Science, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa.,Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Central University of Technology, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Motlalepula G Matsabisa
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Science, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Fanie Rautenbach
- Oxidative Stress Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences and Wellness, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville, South Africa
| | - Sunelle Rademan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Science, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Sunday O Oyedemi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Science, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Sushil K Chaudhary
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Science, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Mirranda Javu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Science, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
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9
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Louwrens H, Rautenbach F, Venter I. South African dietary total antioxidant capacity based on secondary intake data in relation to dietary recommendations. South African Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/16070658.2009.11734248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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10
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Badmus JA, Ekpo OE, Rautenbach F, Marnewick JL, Hussein AA, Hiss DC. Isolation and antioxidant activity of flavonoids from Holarrhena floribunda (G.don) leaves. Acta Biochim Pol 2016; 63:353-8. [PMID: 27172363 DOI: 10.18388/abp.2015_1178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Revised: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Bioactive polyphenolics are ubiquitously present in plants and may play an important role in the prevention and management of certain human diseases. Three known flavonoids viz Kaemperol-3-O-rutinoside (1), quercetin-3-O-glucoside (2) and kaemperol-3-O-glucoside (3) and inseparable mixture (1:1) of quercetin-3-O-glucose/galactose (4) were isolated, and identified for the first time from Holarrhena floribunda. The antioxidant capacity using the ORAC, FRAP and TEAC assays and inhibition of lipid peroxidation were measured for isolated flavonoids. The result showed that compounds 2 and 4 showed significantly increased ORAC, TEAC, and FRAP activities with low pro-oxidant potential as well as improved lipid peroxidation inhibition levels when compared to compounds 1 and 3. The most active compounds were found to be flavonoids with a quercetin basic structure. These results imply that the isolated flavonoid glycosides are responsible for the antioxidant activity of the plant leaves and it forms the scientific basis for its traditional usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelili A Badmus
- Department of Medical Biosciences, University of the Western Cape, New Life Sciences Building, Private Bag X17 Bellville, Cape Town 7535, South Africa
| | - Okobi E Ekpo
- Department of Medical Biosciences, University of the Western Cape, New Life Sciences Building, Private Bag X17 Bellville, Cape Town 7535, South Africa
| | - Fanie Rautenbach
- Oxidative Stress Research Centre, Institute of Biomedical and Microbial Biotechnology, Faculty of Health and Wellness Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town South Africa
| | - Jeanine L Marnewick
- Oxidative Stress Research Centre, Institute of Biomedical and Microbial Biotechnology, Faculty of Health and Wellness Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town South Africa
| | - Ahmed A Hussein
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Chemical Sciences Building, Private Bag X17 Bellville, Cape Town 7535, South Africa
| | - Donavon C Hiss
- Department of Medical Biosciences, University of the Western Cape, New Life Sciences Building, Private Bag X17 Bellville, Cape Town 7535, South Africa
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11
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Popoola OK, Marnewick JL, Rautenbach F, Iwuoha EI, Hussein AA. Acylphloroglucinol Derivatives from the South African Helichrysum niveum and Their Biological Activities. Molecules 2015; 20:17309-24. [PMID: 26393563 PMCID: PMC6332446 DOI: 10.3390/molecules200917309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Revised: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytochemical investigation of aerial parts of Helichrysum niveum (H. niveum) using different chromatographic methods including semi-preparative HPLC afforded three new (1–3) and six known (4–10) acylphloroglucinols alongside a known dialcohol triterpene (11). The structures of the isolated compounds were characterized accordingly as 1-benzoyl-3 (3-methylbut-2-enylacetate)-phloroglucinol (helinivene A, 1), 1-benzoyl-3 (2S-hydroxyl-3-methylbut-3-enyl)-phloroglucinol (helinivene B, 2), 8-(2-methylpropanone)-3S,5,7-trihydroxyl-2,2-dimethoxychromane (helinivene C, 3), 1-(2-methylbutanone)-4-O-prenyl-phloroglucinol (4), 1-(2-methylpropanone)-4-O-prennyl-phloroglucinol (5), 1-(butanone)-3-prenyl-phloroglucinol (6), 1-(2-methylbutanone)-3-prenyl-phloroglucinol (7), 1-butanone-3-(3-methylbut-2-enylacetate)-phloroglucinol (8), 1-(2-methylpropanone)-3-prenylphloroglucinol (9), caespitate (10), and 3β-24-dihydroxyterexer-14-ene (11). Excellent total antioxidant capacities were demonstrated by helinivenes A and B (1 and 2) when measured as oxygen radicals absorbance capacity (ORAC), ferric-ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), trolox equivalent absorbance capacity (TEAC) and including the inhibition of Fe2+-induced lipid peroxidation (IC50 = 5.12 ± 0.90; 3.55 ± 1.92) µg/mL, while anti-tyrosinase activity at IC50 = 35.63 ± 4.67 and 26.72 ± 5.05 µg/mL were also observed for 1 and 2, respectively. This is the first chemical and in vitro biological study on H. niveum. These findings underpin new perspectives for the exploitation of these natural phenolic compounds in applications such as in the natural cosmeceutical and pharmaceutical sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olugbenga K Popoola
- Chemistry Department, University of Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa.
| | - Jeanine L Marnewick
- Oxidative Stress Research Centre, Faculty of Health and Wellness Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, P. O. BOX 1906, Bellville 7535, South Africa.
| | - Fanie Rautenbach
- Oxidative Stress Research Centre, Faculty of Health and Wellness Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, P. O. BOX 1906, Bellville 7535, South Africa.
| | - Emmanuel I Iwuoha
- Chemistry Department, University of Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa.
| | - Ahmed A Hussein
- Chemistry Department, University of Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa.
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Popoola OK, Marnewick JL, Rautenbach F, Ameer F, Iwuoha EI, Hussein AA. Inhibition of Oxidative Stress and Skin Aging-Related Enzymes by Prenylated Chalcones and Other Flavonoids from Helichrysum teretifolium. Molecules 2015; 20:7143-55. [PMID: 25903365 PMCID: PMC6272301 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20047143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2015] [Revised: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ten flavonoid-related structures viz. heliteretifolin (1), isoxanthohumol (2), 2',4',6'-trihydroxy-3'-prenylchalcone (3), isoglabranin (4), glabranin (5), 7-methoxy-isoglabranin (6), quercetin (7), 4'-methoxyquercetin (8), 4'-methoxykaempferol (9) and mosloflavone (10) were isolated from a H. teretifolium methanolic extract and identified. One of them (compound 1) is reported for the first time from a natural source, while compounds 6, 8-10 were isolated for the first time from the genus Helichrysum. The total extract of H. teretifolium showed potent antioxidant activity. When tested for total antioxidant capacity compound 3 possesses moderate biological activity compared to 2, which displayed some of the highest TEAC values (4529.01 ± 2.44; 4170.66 ± 6.72) µM TE/g, respectively. Compounds 7 and 8 demonstrated the highest inhibitory activities on Fe2+-induced lipid peroxidation (IC50 = 2.931; 6.449 µg/mL); tyrosinase (8.092; 27.573) and elastase (43.342; 86.548). Additionally, the total antioxidant capacities measured as FRAP (4816.31 ± 7.42; 3584.17 ± 0.54) µM AAE/g, and ORAC for hydroxyl radical (7.265 ± 0.71; 6.779 ± 3.40) × 106 and peroxyl radical (17.836 ± 2.90; 12.545 ± 5.07) × 103 µM TE/g were also observed for compounds 7 and 8, respectively. In conclusion, H. teretifolium total extract represents a rich source of bioactive constituents with potent antioxidant and moderate anti-tyrosinase and anti-elastase activities that can help to avert accumulation of free radicals in the body, and could therefore be good candidates for the prevention and/or treatment of skin-related conditions, such as aging. This is the first scientific report on the chemical and biological profile of H. teretifolium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olugbenga K Popoola
- Chemistry Department, University of Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa.
| | - Jeanine L Marnewick
- Oxidative Stress Research Centre, Institute of Biomedical and Microbial Biotechnology, Faculty of Health and Wellness Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, P O BOX 1906, Bellville 7535, South Africa.
| | - Fanie Rautenbach
- Oxidative Stress Research Centre, Institute of Biomedical and Microbial Biotechnology, Faculty of Health and Wellness Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, P O BOX 1906, Bellville 7535, South Africa.
| | - Farouk Ameer
- Chemistry Department, University of Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa.
| | - Emmanuel I Iwuoha
- Chemistry Department, University of Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa.
| | - Ahmed A Hussein
- Chemistry Department, University of Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa.
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Pantsi WG, Marnewick JL, Esterhuyse AJ, Rautenbach F, van Rooyen J. Rooibos (Aspalathus linearis) offers cardiac protection against ischaemia/reperfusion in the isolated perfused rat heart. Phytomedicine 2011; 18:1220-8. [PMID: 21982437 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2011.09.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2011] [Revised: 08/02/2011] [Accepted: 09/11/2011] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Rooibos, a unique South African herbal tea, is known to be an important source of unique polyphenolic compounds. In the present study we have quantified the main polyphenolic compounds in both fermented/traditional and unfermented/"green" rooibos (Aspalathus linearis) and evaluated its cardioprotective effects against ischaemia/reperfusion injury. Male Wistar rats consumed aqueous rooibos and green tea (Camellia sinensis) extracts (2%, w/v) for 7 weeks before their hearts were rapidly excised and perfused in a working heart perfusion apparatus. The results showed that the rooibos supplemented hearts significantly improved aortic output recovery after reperfusion when compared to the green tea supplemented hearts. Additionally, we showed that the rooibos extracts, containing the highest amount of flavonols, significantly decreased the level of cleaved caspase-3 and PARP, both pro-apoptotic proteins, during reperfusion when compared to green tea. Green tea supplementation increased phosphorylation of total PKB/Akt, Akt (threonine 308) and Akt (serine 473). The rooibos extracts did not cause significant change in the levels of the pro-survival PKB/Akt (threonine 308 and serinet 473). The GSH/GSSG ratio in the hearts of the green tea supplemented group was significantly (p<0.05) lower when compared to RF (37.78±28.63), RU (33.20±4.13) and C (45.50±14.96). The results clearly demonstrate the cardio-protective properties of aqueous rooibos extracts via the inhibition of apoptosis which can possibly be related to the flavonol content of this unique South African herbal tea.
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Affiliation(s)
- W G Pantsi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Wellness Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville, South Africa
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Marnewick JL, Rautenbach F, Venter I, Neethling H, Blackhurst DM, Wolmarans P, Macharia M. Effects of rooibos (Aspalathus linearis) on oxidative stress and biochemical parameters in adults at risk for cardiovascular disease. J Ethnopharmacol 2011; 133:46-52. [PMID: 20833235 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2010.08.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2010] [Revised: 08/20/2010] [Accepted: 08/27/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE In South Africa, the plant Aspalathus linearis (Brum.f) Dahlg. (Fabaceae) is traditionally used as a "tea" referred to as rooibos or redbush. This plant has been listed as a medicinal plant based mostly on anecdotal evidence. AIMS OF THE STUDY Despite a long history of traditional use in South Africa, very little scientific data are available from controlled clinical trials confirming its popular use. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of rooibos on biochemical and oxidative stress parameters in adults at risk for cardiovascular disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS After a washout period of 2 weeks, 40 volunteers consumed six cups of fermented/traditional rooibos daily for 6 weeks, followed by a control period. Blood biochemical parameters indicative of antioxidant activity and content (total polyphenols), lipid peroxidation (conjugated dienes - CDs, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances - TBARS), redox status (total glutathione - tGSH, ratio of reduced to oxidized glutathione - GSH:GSSG), lipid profile (total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein - LDL and high density lipoprotein - HDL cholesterol and triacylglycerol levels) and liver and kidney function were measured at the end of each study period. RESULTS Plasma antioxidant capacity was not altered, but plasma total polyphenol levels increased significantly after rooibos consumption compared with the control levels (from 79.8±16.9 mg/L to 89.8±14.1 mg/L). Significant decreases in plasma markers of lipid peroxidation were found after rooibos consumption, as reported by levels of CDs (167.3±29.5 nmol/mL vs. 108.8±20.1 nmol/mL) and TBARS (1.9±0.6 μmol/L vs. 0.9±0.3 μmol/L). Reduced glutathione (797±238 μmol/L vs. 1082±140 μmol/L) and the GSH:GSSG ratio (41±14 vs. 76±17) were both significantly increased after consumption of rooibos. The lipid profiles showed that rooibos consumption, compared with the control values, significantly decreased serum LDL-cholesterol (4.6±1.3 mmol/L vs. 3.9±0.7 mmol/L) and triacylglycerols (1.7±0.8 mmol/L vs. 1.2±0.7 mmol/L), while HDL-cholesterol (0.9±0.1 mmol/L vs. 1.2±0.2 mmol/L) was significantly increased. CONCLUSION Confirming its popular use, consumption of fermented, traditional rooibos significantly improved the lipid profile as well as redox status, both relevant to heart disease, in adults at risk for developing cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanine L Marnewick
- Oxidative Stress Research Centre, Faculty of Health and Wellness Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville, South Africa.
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