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Wu J, Xiong W, Liu W, Wu J, Ruan R, Fu P, Wang Y, Liu Y, Leng X, Li P, Zhong J, Zhang C, Du H. The Effects of Dietary n-3 Highly Unsaturated Fatty Acids on Growth, Antioxidant Capacity, Immunity, and Oxylipin Profiles in Acipenser dabryanus. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:421. [PMID: 38671869 PMCID: PMC11047622 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13040421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Currently, the effects of dietary levels of n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFAs) on the growth performance, antioxidant capacity, immunity, and serum oxylipin profiles of female F2-generation Yangtze sturgeon remain unknown. A total of 75 Yangtze sturgeons, an endangered freshwater fish species, with an average body weight of 3.60 ± 0.83 kg, were randomly allocated to 15 concrete pools, with each dietary group represented by 5 fish per pool. The fish were fed five different experimental diets containing various levels of n-3 HUFAs (0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0%, and 2.4%). After a feeding period of 5 months, no significant differences in the growth performances of the fish were observed among the five dietary groups (p > 0.05). However, we did note that the serum levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides (TGs), and total cholesterol (TCHO) exhibited a marked increase in the fish that consumed higher dietary n-3 HUFA levels (p < 0.05). Conversely, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities showed a notable decrease as dietary n-3 HUFA levels increased (p < 0.05). Serum antioxidant indices, such as the activity levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), were significantly higher in the 2.4% HUFA group compared to the 0.5% HUFA group. Additionally, muscle antioxidant indices, including total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), catalase (CAT), and SOD activity, exhibited notable increases as dietary n-3 HUFA levels increased (p < 0.05). Furthermore, there was a decrease in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels as dietary n-3 HUFA levels increased (p < 0.05). In relation to immune indices, only serum immunoglobulin M (IgM) and muscle complement 3 (C3) were found to be influenced by dietary n-3 HUFA levels (p < 0.05). A total of 80 oxylipins were quantified, and our subsequent K-means cluster analysis resulted in the classification of 62 oxylipins into 10 subclasses. Among the different n-3 HUFA diets, a total of 14 differential oxylipins were identified in the sera. These findings demonstrate that dietary supplementation with n-3 HUFAs exceeding a 1.0% level can enhance antioxidant capacity and regulate serum lipid metabolism, potentially through modulation of oxylipins derived from ARA, DHA, and EPA. These insights provide novel perspectives on the mechanisms underlying these observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinping Wu
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China; (J.W.); (W.X.); (W.L.); (J.W.); (R.R.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (X.L.); (P.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Wei Xiong
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China; (J.W.); (W.X.); (W.L.); (J.W.); (R.R.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (X.L.); (P.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Wei Liu
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China; (J.W.); (W.X.); (W.L.); (J.W.); (R.R.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (X.L.); (P.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jinming Wu
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China; (J.W.); (W.X.); (W.L.); (J.W.); (R.R.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (X.L.); (P.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Rui Ruan
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China; (J.W.); (W.X.); (W.L.); (J.W.); (R.R.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (X.L.); (P.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Peng Fu
- Chongqing Fishery Sciences Research Institute, Chongqing 400020, China;
| | - Yuqi Wang
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China; (J.W.); (W.X.); (W.L.); (J.W.); (R.R.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (X.L.); (P.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Yuan Liu
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China; (J.W.); (W.X.); (W.L.); (J.W.); (R.R.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (X.L.); (P.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Xiaoqian Leng
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China; (J.W.); (W.X.); (W.L.); (J.W.); (R.R.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (X.L.); (P.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Pengcheng Li
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China; (J.W.); (W.X.); (W.L.); (J.W.); (R.R.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (X.L.); (P.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jia Zhong
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China; (J.W.); (W.X.); (W.L.); (J.W.); (R.R.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (X.L.); (P.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Chuang Zhang
- Chongqing Fishery Sciences Research Institute, Chongqing 400020, China;
| | - Hao Du
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China; (J.W.); (W.X.); (W.L.); (J.W.); (R.R.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (X.L.); (P.L.); (J.Z.)
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Favor OK, Rajasinghe LD, Wierenga KA, Maddipati KR, Lee KSS, Olive AJ, Pestka JJ. Crystalline silica-induced proinflammatory eicosanoid storm in novel alveolar macrophage model quelled by docosahexaenoic acid supplementation. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1274147. [PMID: 38022527 PMCID: PMC10665862 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1274147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Phagocytosis of inhaled crystalline silica (cSiO2) particles by tissue-resident alveolar macrophages (AMs) initiates generation of proinflammatory eicosanoids derived from the ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) arachidonic acid (ARA) that contribute to chronic inflammatory disease in the lung. While supplementation with the ω-3 PUFA docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) may influence injurious cSiO2-triggered oxylipin responses, in vitro investigation of this hypothesis in physiologically relevant AMs is challenging due to their short-lived nature and low recovery numbers from mouse lungs. To overcome these challenges, we employed fetal liver-derived alveolar-like macrophages (FLAMs), a self-renewing surrogate that is phenotypically representative of primary lung AMs, to discern how DHA influences cSiO2-induced eicosanoids. Methods We first compared how delivery of 25 µM DHA as ethanolic suspensions or as bovine serum albumin (BSA) complexes to C57BL/6 FLAMs impacts phospholipid fatty acid content. We subsequently treated FLAMs with 25 µM ethanolic DHA or ethanol vehicle (VEH) for 24 h, with or without LPS priming for 2 h, and with or without cSiO2 for 1.5 or 4 h and then measured oxylipin production by LC-MS lipidomics targeting for 156 oxylipins. Results were further related to concurrent proinflammatory cytokine production and cell death induction. Results DHA delivery as ethanolic suspensions or BSA complexes were similarly effective at increasing ω-3 PUFA content of phospholipids while decreasing the ω-6 PUFA arachidonic acid (ARA) and the ω-9 monounsaturated fatty acid oleic acid. cSiO2 time-dependently elicited myriad ARA-derived eicosanoids consisting of prostaglandins, leukotrienes, thromboxanes, and hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids in unprimed and LPS-primed FLAMs. This cSiO2-induced eicosanoid storm was dramatically suppressed in DHA-supplemented FLAMs which instead produced potentially pro-resolving DHA-derived docosanoids. cSiO2 elicited marked IL-1α, IL-1β, and TNF-α release after 1.5 and 4 h of cSiO2 exposure in LPS-primed FLAMs which was significantly inhibited by DHA. DHA did not affect cSiO2-triggered death induction in unprimed FLAMs but modestly enhanced it in LPS-primed FLAMs. Discussion FLAMs are amenable to lipidome modulation by DHA which suppresses cSiO2-triggered production of ARA-derived eicosanoids and proinflammatory cytokines. FLAMs are a potential in vitro alternative to primary AMs for investigating interventions against early toxicant-triggered inflammation in the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia K. Favor
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Lichchavi D. Rajasinghe
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Kathryn A. Wierenga
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | | | - Kin Sing Stephen Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Andrew J. Olive
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - James J. Pestka
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
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Villain E, Chanson A, Mainka M, Kampschulte N, Le Faouder P, Bertrand-Michel J, Brandolini-Bulon M, Charbit B, Musvosvi M, Bilek N, Scriba TJ, Quintana-Murci L, Schebb NH, Duffy D, Gladine C. Integrated analysis of whole blood oxylipin and cytokine responses after bacterial, viral, and T cell stimulation reveals new immune networks. iScience 2023; 26:107422. [PMID: 37575177 PMCID: PMC10415927 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxylipins are major immunomodulating mediators, yet studies of inflammation focus mainly on cytokines. Here, using a standardized whole-blood stimulation system, we characterized the oxylipin-driven inflammatory responses to various stimuli and their relationships with cytokine responses. We performed a pilot study in 25 healthy individuals using 6 different stimuli: 2 bacterial stimuli (LPS and live BCG), 2 viral stimuli (vaccine-grade poly I:C and live H1N1 attenuated influenza), an enterotoxin superantigen and a Null control. All stimuli induced a strong production of oxylipins but most importantly, bacterial, viral, and T cell immune responses show distinct oxylipin signatures. Integration of the oxylipin and cytokine responses for each condition revealed new immune networks improving our understanding of inflammation regulation. Finally, the oxylipin responses and oxylipin-cytokine networks were compared in patients with active tuberculosis or with latent infection. This revealed different responses to BCG but not LPS stimulation highlighting new regulatory pathways for further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etienne Villain
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Translational Immunology Unit, Paris, France
| | - Aurélie Chanson
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Malwina Mainka
- Chair of Food Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Nadja Kampschulte
- Chair of Food Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Pauline Le Faouder
- MetaToul, MetaboHUB, Inserm/UPS UMR 1048-I2MC, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Justine Bertrand-Michel
- MetaToul, MetaboHUB, Inserm/UPS UMR 1048-I2MC, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Marion Brandolini-Bulon
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, Plateforme D’Exploration Du Métabolisme, MetaboHUB Clermont, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Bruno Charbit
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CBUTechS, Paris, France
| | - Munyaradzi Musvosvi
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative (SATVI), Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nicole Bilek
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative (SATVI), Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Thomas J. Scriba
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative (SATVI), Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Lluis Quintana-Murci
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR2000, Human Evolutionary Genetics Unit, Paris, France
- Collège de France, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Nils Helge Schebb
- Chair of Food Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Darragh Duffy
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Translational Immunology Unit, Paris, France
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CBUTechS, Paris, France
| | - Cécile Gladine
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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de Marco Castro E, Kampschulte N, Murphy CH, Schebb NH, Roche HM. Oxylipin status, before and after LC n-3 PUFA supplementation, has little relationship with skeletal muscle biology in older adults at risk of sarcopenia. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2023; 189:102531. [PMID: 36645979 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2022.102531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Oxylipins form endogenously via the oxygenation of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC PUFA). Several oxylipins are highly bioactive molecules and are believed to be key mediators of LC PUFA metabolism in the body. However, little is known in relation to whether oxylipins mediate alterations in skeletal muscle mass and function. The objective of this study was to determine if a relationship exists between the oxylipin profile and skeletal muscle biology in healthy older adults at risk of sarcopenia and determine if this changes in response to LC n-3 PUFA supplementation. MATERIALS AND METHODS This exploratory study investigated the baseline correlations between LC n-3, n-6 and n-9 PUFA-derived oxylipins and markers of muscle biology. For this, the concentration of 79 free (i.e., non-esterified) oxylipins was quantified in human plasma by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and retrospectively correlated to phenotypic outcomes obtained pre-intervention from the NUTRIMAL study (n = 49). After examining the baseline relationship, the potential effect of supplementation (LC n-3 PUFA or an isoenergetic control made of high-oleic sunflower and corn oil) was evaluated by correlating the change in oxylipins concentration and the change in markers of skeletal muscle biology. The relationship between oxylipins pre- and post-intervention and their parent PUFA were also examined. RESULTS At baseline, the hydroxy product of mead acid (n-9 PUFA), 5-HETrE, was negatively correlated to the phenotypic parameters appendicular lean mass index (ALMI) (p = 0.003, r=-0.41), skeletal muscle mass index (SMMI) (p = 0.001, r=-0.46), handgrip strength (HGS) (p<0.001, r = 0.48) and isometric knee extension (p<0.001, r=-0.48). Likewise, LC n-6 PUFA hydroxy‑PUFA were negatively correlated to HGS (i.e., 12-HETrE, p = 0.002, r=-0.42, and 5- and 11-HETE, p = 0.006, r=-0.47 and p<0.001, r=-0.50 respectively), single leg stand time (i.e., 12-HETrE, p = 0.006, r=-0.39 and 16-HETE, p = 0.002, r=-0.43), and five-time-sit-to-stand test (FTST) performance (16-HETE, p = 0.006, r = 0.39), and positively correlated to gait speed (i.e., 12-HETrE, p = 0.007, r = 0.38 and 16-HETE, p = 0.006, r = 0.39). LC n-3 PUFA supplementation increased eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) derived oxylipins and reduced n-6 PUFA derived oxylipins. Parameters of skeletal muscle mass and strength were not significantly altered in either LC n-3 PUFA or placebo groups. Changes in plasma oxylipins concentrations were closely related to changes in their parent PUFA, assessed in the erythrocyte membrane, but were not associated with any changes in skeletal muscle parameters. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION At baseline, the status n-9 (5-HETrE) and n-6 PUFA derivates [12-HETrE, and 5-, 11- and 16-HETE], but not n-3 PUFA derived oxylipins, were associated with poor skeletal muscle health parameters (i.e., mass and strength). However, these correlations were no longer present when correlating relative changes from pre to post timepoints. An independent cohort validation is needed to explore baseline correlations further. Further research is warranted to assess other biological mechanisms by which LC n-3 PUFA might affect muscle biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- E de Marco Castro
- UCD Conway Institute & UCD Institute of Food and Health, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - N Kampschulte
- Chair of Food Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - C H Murphy
- Agrifood Business and Spatial Analysis, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, Dublin, 15, Ireland
| | - N H Schebb
- Chair of Food Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - H M Roche
- UCD Conway Institute & UCD Institute of Food and Health, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; The Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University, Belfast, Belfast, UK.
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Wang J, Ossemond J, Le Gouar Y, Boissel F, Dupont D, Pédrono F. Encapsulation of Docosahexaenoic Acid Oil Substantially Improves the Oxylipin Profile of Rat Tissues. Front Nutr 2022; 8:812119. [PMID: 35118110 PMCID: PMC8805515 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.812119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is a major n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) particularly involved in cognitive and cardiovascular functions. Due to the high unsaturation index, its dietary intake form has been considered to improve oxidation status and to favor bioaccessibility and bioavailability as well. This study aimed at investigating the effect of DHA encapsulated with natural whey protein. DHA was dietary provided as triacylglycerols to achieve 2.3% over total fatty acids. It was daily supplied to weanling rats for four weeks in omelet as food matrix, consecutively to a 6-hour fasting. First, when DHA oil was encapsulated, consumption of chow diet was enhanced leading to promote animal growth. Second, the brain exhibited a high accretion of 22.8% DHA, which was not improved by dietary supplementation of DHA. Encapsulation of DHA oil did not greatly affect the fatty acid proportions in tissues, but remarkably modified the profile of oxidized metabolites of fatty acids in plasma, heart, and even brain. Specific oxylipins derived from DHA were upgraded, such as Protectin Dx in heart and 14-HDoHE in brain, whereas those generated from n-6 PUFAs were mainly mitigated. This effect did not result from oxylipins measured in DHA oil since DHA and EPA derivatives were undetected after food processing. Collectively, these data suggested that dietary encapsulation of DHA oil triggered a more efficient absorption of DHA, the metabolism of which was enhanced more than its own accretion in our experimental conditions. Incorporating DHA oil in functional food may finally improve the global health status by generating precursors of protectins and maresins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- French National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment (INRAE), Mixed Research Units of Science and Technology of Milk and Eggs (STLO), Rennes, France
- Institut Agro, Agrocampus Ouest, Rennes, France
| | - Jordane Ossemond
- French National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment (INRAE), Mixed Research Units of Science and Technology of Milk and Eggs (STLO), Rennes, France
- Institut Agro, Agrocampus Ouest, Rennes, France
| | - Yann Le Gouar
- French National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment (INRAE), Mixed Research Units of Science and Technology of Milk and Eggs (STLO), Rennes, France
- Institut Agro, Agrocampus Ouest, Rennes, France
| | - Françoise Boissel
- French National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment (INRAE), Mixed Research Units of Science and Technology of Milk and Eggs (STLO), Rennes, France
- Institut Agro, Agrocampus Ouest, Rennes, France
| | - Didier Dupont
- French National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment (INRAE), Mixed Research Units of Science and Technology of Milk and Eggs (STLO), Rennes, France
- Institut Agro, Agrocampus Ouest, Rennes, France
| | - Frédérique Pédrono
- French National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment (INRAE), Mixed Research Units of Science and Technology of Milk and Eggs (STLO), Rennes, France
- Institut Agro, Agrocampus Ouest, Rennes, France
- *Correspondence: Frédérique Pédrono
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Tremblay A, Simard M, Morin S, Pouliot R. Docosahexaenoic Acid Modulates Paracellular Absorption of Testosterone and Claudin-1 Expression in a Tissue-Engineered Skin Model. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:13091. [PMID: 34884896 PMCID: PMC8658185 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222313091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Healthy skin moLEdels produced by tissue-engineering often present a suboptimal skin barrier function as compared with normal human skin. Moreover, skin substitutes reconstructed according to the self-assembly method were found to be deficient in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Therefore, in this study, we investigated the effects of a supplementation of the culture media with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on the barrier function of skin substitutes. To this end, 10 μM DHA-supplemented skin substitutes were produced (n = 3), analyzed, and compared with controls (substitutes without supplementation). A Franz cell diffusion system, followed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography, was used to perform a skin permeability to testosterone assay. We then used gas chromatography to quantify the PUFAs found in the epidermal phospholipid fraction of the skin substitutes, which showed successful DHA incorporation. The permeability to testosterone was decreased following DHA supplementation and the lipid profile was improved. Differences in the expression of the tight junction (TJ) proteins claudin-1, claudin-4, occludin, and TJ protein-1 were observed, principally a significant increase in claudin-1 expression, which was furthermore confirmed by Western blot analyses. In conclusion, these results confirm that the DHA supplementation of cell culture media modulates different aspects of skin barrier function in vitro and reflects the importance of n-3 PUFAs regarding the lipid metabolism in keratinocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andréa Tremblay
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l’Université Laval/LOEX, Québec, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada; (A.T.); (M.S.); (S.M.)
- Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada
- Faculté de Pharmacie de l’Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Mélissa Simard
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l’Université Laval/LOEX, Québec, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada; (A.T.); (M.S.); (S.M.)
- Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada
- Faculté de Pharmacie de l’Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Sophie Morin
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l’Université Laval/LOEX, Québec, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada; (A.T.); (M.S.); (S.M.)
- Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada
- Faculté de Pharmacie de l’Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Roxane Pouliot
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l’Université Laval/LOEX, Québec, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada; (A.T.); (M.S.); (S.M.)
- Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada
- Faculté de Pharmacie de l’Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
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Saleh RNM, West AL, Ostermann AI, Schebb NH, Calder PC, Minihane AM. APOE Genotype Modifies the Plasma Oxylipin Response to Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Supplementation in Healthy Individuals. Front Nutr 2021; 8:723813. [PMID: 34604280 PMCID: PMC8484638 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.723813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), mediate inflammation in large part by affecting pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory/pro-resolving oxylipin concentrations. Common gene variants are thought to underlie the large inter-individual variation in oxylipin levels in response to n-3 PUFA supplementation, which in turn is likely to contribute to the overall heterogeneity in response to n-3 PUFA intervention. Given its known role in inflammation and as a modulator of the physiological response to EPA and DHA, here we explore, for the first time, the differential response of plasma hydroxy-, epoxy- and dihydroxy-arachidonic acid, EPA and DHA oxylipins according to apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype using samples from a dose-response parallel design RCT. Healthy participants were given doses of EPA+DHA equivalent to intakes of 1, 2, and 4 portions of oily fish per week for 12 months. There was no difference in the plasma levels of EPA, DHA or ARA between the wildtype APOE3/E3 and APOE4 carrier groups after 3 or 12 months of n-3 PUFA supplementation. At 12 months, hydroxy EPAs (HEPEs) and hydroxy-DHAs (HDHAs) were higher in APOE4 carriers, with the difference most evident at the highest EPA+DHA intake. A significant APOE*n-3 PUFA dose effect was observed for the CYP-ω hydroxylase products 19-HEPE (p = 0.027) and 20-HEPE (p = 0.011). 8-HEPE, which, along with several other plasma oxylipins, is an activator of peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARs), showed the highest fold change in APOE4 carriers (14-fold) compared to APOE3/E3 (4-fold) (p = 0.014). Low basal plasma EPA levels (EPA < 0.85% of total fatty acids) were associated with a greater change in 5-HEPE, 9-HEPE, 11-HEPE, and 20-HEPE compared to high basal EPA levels (EPA > 1.22% of total fatty acids). In conclusion, APOE genotype modulated the plasma oxylipin response to increased EPA+DHA intake, with APOE4 carriers presenting with the greatest increases following high dose n-3 PUFA supplementation for 12 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha N M Saleh
- Nutrition and Preventive Medicine Group, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom.,Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Annette L West
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Annika I Ostermann
- Chair of Food Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Nils Helge Schebb
- Chair of Food Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Philip C Calder
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom.,National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust and University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Anne Marie Minihane
- Nutrition and Preventive Medicine Group, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
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8
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Pauls SD, Rodway LR, Sidhu KK, Winter T, Sidhu N, Aukema HM, Zahradka P, Taylor CG. Oils Rich in α-Linolenic Acid or Docosahexaenoic Acid Have Distinct Effects on Plasma Oxylipin and Adiponectin Concentrations and on Monocyte Bioenergetics in Women with Obesity. J Nutr 2021; 151:3053-3066. [PMID: 34293124 PMCID: PMC8485902 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxab235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Omega-3 fatty acids, including DHA and α-linolenic acid (ALA), are proposed to improve metabolic health by reducing obesity-associated inflammation. Their effects are mediated in part by conversion to oxylipins. ALA is relatively understudied, and direct comparisons to other omega-3 fatty acids are limited. OBJECTIVES We compared the effects of equal doses of ALA and DHA on plasma oxylipins and markers of metabolic health in women with obesity. METHODS We carried out a randomized, double-blind, crossover clinical trial where women aged 20-51 with a BMI of 30-51 kg/m2 were supplemented with 4 g/day of ALA or DHA for 4 weeks in the form of ALA-rich flaxseed oil or DHA-rich fish oil. The primary outcome, the plasma oxylipin profile, was assessed at Days 0 and 28 of each phase by HPLC-MS/MS. Plasma fatty acids, inflammatory markers, and the monocyte glucose metabolism were key secondary outcomes. Data were analyzed using a mixed model. RESULTS Compared to the baseline visit, there were higher plasma levels of nearly all oxylipins derived from DHA (3.8-fold overall; P < 0.001) and EPA (2.7-fold overall; P < 0.05) after 28 days of fish-oil supplementation, while there were no changes to oxylipins after flaxseed-oil supplementation. Neither supplement altered plasma cytokines; however, adiponectin was increased (1.1-fold; P < 0.05) at the end of the fish-oil phase. Compared to the baseline visit, 28 days of flaxseed-oil supplementation reduced ATP-linked oxygen consumption (0.75-fold; P < 0.05) and increased spare respiratory capacity (1.4-fold; P < 0.05) in monocytes, and countered the shift in oxygen consumption induced by LPS. CONCLUSIONS Flaxseed oil and fish oil each had unique effects on metabolic parameters in women with obesity. The supplementation regimens were insufficient to reduce inflammatory markers but adequate to elicit increases in omega-3 oxylipins and adiponectin in response to fish oil and to alter monocyte bioenergetics in response to flaxseed oil. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03583281.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lisa R Rodway
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, Winnipeg, Canada,Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Canada
| | - Karanbir K Sidhu
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Manitoba, Canada,Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Tanja Winter
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Manitoba, Canada,Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Nikhil Sidhu
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Manitoba, Canada,Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Harold M Aukema
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Manitoba, Canada,Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Peter Zahradka
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Manitoba, Canada,Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, Winnipeg, Canada,Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Canada
| | - Carla G Taylor
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Manitoba, Canada,Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, Winnipeg, Canada,Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Canada
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9
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Hartling I, Cremonesi A, Osuna E, Lou PH, Lucchinetti E, Zaugg M, Hersberger M. Quantitative profiling of inflammatory and pro-resolving lipid mediators in human adolescents and mouse plasma using UHPLC-MS/MS. Clin Chem Lab Med 2021; 59:1811-1823. [PMID: 34243224 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2021-0644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Lipid mediators are bioactive lipids which help regulate inflammation. We aimed to develop an ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) method to quantify 58 pro-inflammatory and pro-resolving lipid mediators in plasma, determine preliminary reference ranges for adolescents, and investigate how total parenteral nutrition (TPN) containing omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 PUFA) or n-6 PUFA based lipid emulsions influence lipid mediator concentrations in plasma. METHODS Lipid mediators were extracted from plasma using SPE and measured using UHPLC-MS/MS. EDTA plasma was collected from healthy adolescents between 13 and 17 years of age to determine preliminary reference ranges and from mice given intravenous TPN for seven days containing either an n-3 PUFA or n-6 PUFA based lipid emulsion. RESULTS We successfully quantified 43 lipid mediators in human plasma with good precision and recovery including several leukotrienes, prostaglandins, resolvins, protectins, maresins, and lipoxins. We found that the addition of methanol to human plasma after blood separation reduces post blood draw increases in 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12-HETE), 12-hydroxyeicosapentaenoic acid (12-HEPE), 12S-hydroxyeicosatrienoic acid (12S-HETrE), 14-hydroxydocosahexaenoic acid (14-HDHA) and thromboxane B2 (TXB2). Compared to the n-6 PUFA based TPN, the n-3 PUFA based TPN increased specialized pro-resolving mediators such as maresin 1 (MaR1), MaR2, protectin D1 (PD1), PDX, and resolvin D5 (RvD5), and decreased inflammatory lipid mediators such as leukotriene B4 (LTB4) and prostaglandin D2 (PGD2). CONCLUSIONS Our method provides an accurate and sensitive quantification of 58 lipid mediators from plasma samples, which we used to establish a preliminary reference range for lipid mediators in plasma samples of adolescents; and to show that n-3 PUFA, compared to n-6 PUFA rich TPN, leads to a less inflammatory lipid mediator profile in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Hartling
- Division of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Zurich Centre for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alessio Cremonesi
- Division of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ester Osuna
- Human Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Phing-How Lou
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | | | - Michael Zaugg
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Martin Hersberger
- Division of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Zurich Centre for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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10
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Rodway LA, Pauls SD, Aukema HM, Zahradka P, Taylor CG. Rationale and design of a randomized controlled trial examining the effects of marine- and plant-sourced omega-3 fatty acid supplements on octadecanoid profiles and inflammation in females with obesity (OXBIO trial). Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2021; 170:102284. [PMID: 34051428 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2021.102284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Consumption of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) has been reported to provide health benefits, but it remains unknown whether the fatty acids themselves or their oxygenated metabolites, oxylipins, are responsible for the beneficial effects. PURPOSE This paper describes the design and rationale of a randomized, double-blinded, cross-over study comparing the effects of α-linolenic acid (ALA)-rich flax oil and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)-rich fish oil supplementation on circulating oxylipin profiles in females with obesity, in relation to obesity-induced inflammation. METHODS AND ANALYSIS Pre-menopausal females (n = 24) aged 20-55 with a BMI ≥30, will consume capsules containing flaxseed oil (4 g ALA/day) or fish oil (4 g DHA + 0.8 g EPA/day) during 4-week supplementation phases, with a minimum 4-week washout. The primary outcome is alterations in plasma oxylipin profiles. Secondary outcomes include effects of supplementation on circulating markers of inflammation, adipokines, plasma fatty acid composition, blood lipid profile, anthropometrics, oxylipin and cytokine profiles of stimulated immune cells, monocyte glucose metabolism, blood pressure and pulse wave velocity. ETHICS AND SIGNIFICANCE This trial has been approved by the University of Manitoba Biomedical Research Ethics Board and the St. Boniface Hospital Research Review Committee. The study will provide information regarding the effects of ALA and DHA supplementation on oxylipin profiles in obese but otherwise healthy females. Additionally, it will improve our understanding of the response of circulating inflammatory mediators originating from immune cells, adipose tissue and the liver to n-3 PUFA supplementation in relation to the metabolic features of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa A Rodway
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 0T5, Canada; Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, R2H 2A6, Canada
| | - Samantha D Pauls
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, R2H 2A6, Canada; Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Harold M Aukema
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, R2H 2A6, Canada; Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Peter Zahradka
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 0T5, Canada; Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, R2H 2A6, Canada; Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Carla G Taylor
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 0T5, Canada; Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, R2H 2A6, Canada; Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada.
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11
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Pauls SD, Du Y, Clair L, Winter T, Aukema HM, Taylor CG, Zahradka P. Impact of Age, Menopause, and Obesity on Oxylipins Linked to Vascular Health. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2021; 41:883-897. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.315133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Objective:
Cardiovascular disease, a major cause of mortality and morbidity, exhibits sexual dimorphism since the onset of cardiovascular disease occurs later in women than in men. The loss of cardioprotection in older women may be due to an increase in arterial stiffness after menopause. Free fatty acid metabolites of polyunsaturated fatty acids, called oxylipins, are known to impact vessel function and may be responsible for the vascular benefits of polyunsaturated fatty acids. The objectives of this study were to compare the plasma oxylipin profiles of young females (20–55 years), older females (55
+
), and older males (55
+
) and to identify associations between oxylipins and cardiovascular disease risk factors, such as obesity and arterial stiffness.
Approach and Results:
We quantified plasma oxylipins by high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry in archived samples taken from completed clinical trials. We identified 3 major 12-lipoxygenase products, 12-hydroxy-eicosatetraenoic acid, 12-hydroxy-eicosapentaenoic acid, and 14-hydroxy-docosahexaenoic acid, that are present at high levels in young females compared with older females and males. These oxylipins also decreased with obesity and displayed robust negative associations with arterial stiffness as assessed by brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity. According to multiple linear regression modeling, these associations were maintained even after correcting for body mass index category combined with either age, menopausal status, or estradiol levels. Using linear discriminant analysis, the combination of these 3 oxylipins effectively distinguished participants according to both brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity risk group and age.
Conclusions:
Higher 12-lipoxygenase oxylipin plasma concentrations associated with lower arterial stiffness in premenopausal females may be an important contributing factor to sex differences in cardiovascular disease.
Registration:
URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifiers: NCT01661543, NCT01562171, NCT01890330, NCT02571114 and NCT02317588.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha D. Pauls
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences (S.D.P., T.W., H.M.A., C.G.T., P.Z.), University of Manitoba, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, Winnipeg, Canada (S.D.P., Y.D., L.C., T.W., H.M.A., C.G.T., P.Z.)
| | - Youjia Du
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology (Y.D., C.G.T., P.Z.), University of Manitoba, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, Winnipeg, Canada (S.D.P., Y.D., L.C., T.W., H.M.A., C.G.T., P.Z.)
| | - Luc Clair
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, Winnipeg, Canada (S.D.P., Y.D., L.C., T.W., H.M.A., C.G.T., P.Z.)
- Department of Economics, University of Winnipeg, Canada (L.C.)
| | - Tanja Winter
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences (S.D.P., T.W., H.M.A., C.G.T., P.Z.), University of Manitoba, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, Winnipeg, Canada (S.D.P., Y.D., L.C., T.W., H.M.A., C.G.T., P.Z.)
| | - Harold M. Aukema
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences (S.D.P., T.W., H.M.A., C.G.T., P.Z.), University of Manitoba, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, Winnipeg, Canada (S.D.P., Y.D., L.C., T.W., H.M.A., C.G.T., P.Z.)
| | - Carla G. Taylor
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences (S.D.P., T.W., H.M.A., C.G.T., P.Z.), University of Manitoba, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology (Y.D., C.G.T., P.Z.), University of Manitoba, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, Winnipeg, Canada (S.D.P., Y.D., L.C., T.W., H.M.A., C.G.T., P.Z.)
| | - Peter Zahradka
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences (S.D.P., T.W., H.M.A., C.G.T., P.Z.), University of Manitoba, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology (Y.D., C.G.T., P.Z.), University of Manitoba, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, Winnipeg, Canada (S.D.P., Y.D., L.C., T.W., H.M.A., C.G.T., P.Z.)
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12
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Gabbs M, Zahradka P, Taylor CG, Aukema HM. Time Course and Sex Effects of α-Linolenic Acid-Rich and DHA-Rich Supplements on Human Plasma Oxylipins: A Randomized Double-Blind Crossover Trial. J Nutr 2020; 151:513-522. [PMID: 33097936 PMCID: PMC7948207 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxaa294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Differences in health effects of dietary α-linolenic acid (ALA) and DHA are mediated at least in part by differences in their effects on oxylipins. OBJECTIVES Time course and sex differences of plasma oxylipins in response to ALA- compared with DHA-rich supplements were examined. METHODS Healthy men and women, aged 19-34 y and BMI 18-28 kg/m2, were provided with capsules containing ∼4 g/d of ALA or DHA in a randomized double-blind crossover study with >6-wk wash-in and wash-out phases. Plasma PUFA and oxylipin (primary outcome) concentrations at days 0, 1, 3, 7, 14, and 28 of supplementation were analyzed by GC and HPLC-MS/MS, respectively. Sex differences, supplementation and time effects, and days to plateau were analyzed. RESULTS ALA supplementation doubled ALA concentrations, but had no effects on ALA oxylipins after 28 d, whereas DHA supplementation tripled both DHA and its oxylipins. Increases in DHA oxylipins were detected as early as day 1, and a plateau was reached by days 5-7 for 11 of 12 individual DHA oxylipins and for total DHA oxylipins. Nine individual DHA oxylipins reached a plateau in females with DHA supplementation, compared with only 4 in males. A similar time course and sex difference pattern occurred with EPA and its oxylipins with DHA supplementation. DHA compared with ALA supplementation also resulted in higher concentrations of 4 individual arachidonic acids, 1 linoleic acid, and 1 dihomo-γ-linolenic acid oxylipin, despite not increasing the concentrations of these fatty acids, further demonstrating that oxylipins do not always reflect their precursor PUFA. CONCLUSIONS DHA compared with a similar dose of ALA has greater effects on both n-3 and n-6 oxylipins in young, healthy adults, with differences in response to DHA supplementation occurring earlier and being greater in females. These findings can help explain differences in dietary effects of ALA and DHA.This study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02317588.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Gabbs
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada,Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Peter Zahradka
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada,Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada,Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Carla G Taylor
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada,Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada,Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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13
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Koelmel JP, Napolitano MP, Ulmer CZ, Vasiliou V, Garrett TJ, Yost RA, Prasad MNV, Godri Pollitt KJ, Bowden JA. Environmental lipidomics: understanding the response of organisms and ecosystems to a changing world. Metabolomics 2020; 16:56. [PMID: 32307636 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-020-01665-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding the interaction between organisms and the environment is important for predicting and mitigating the effects of global phenomena such as climate change, and the fate, transport, and health effects of anthropogenic pollutants. By understanding organism and ecosystem responses to environmental stressors at the molecular level, mechanisms of toxicity and adaptation can be determined. This information has important implications in human and environmental health, engineering biotechnologies, and understanding the interaction between anthropogenic induced changes and the biosphere. One class of molecules with unique promise for environmental science are lipids; lipids are highly abundant and ubiquitous across nearly all organisms, and lipid profiles often change drastically in response to external stimuli. These changes allow organisms to maintain essential biological functions, for example, membrane fluidity, as they adapt to a changing climate and chemical environment. Lipidomics can help scientists understand the historical and present biofeedback processes in climate change and the biogeochemical processes affecting nutrient cycles. Lipids can also be used to understand how ecosystems respond to historical environmental changes with lipid signatures dating back to hundreds of millions of years, which can help predict similar changes in the future. In addition, lipids are direct targets of environmental stressors, for example, lipids are easily prone to oxidative damage, which occurs during exposure to most toxins. AIM OF REVIEW This is the first review to summarize the current efforts to comprehensively measure lipids to better understand the interaction between organisms and their environment. This review focuses on lipidomic applications in the arenas of environmental toxicology and exposure assessment, xenobiotic exposures and health (e.g., obesity), global climate change, and nutrient cycles. Moreover, this review summarizes the use of and the potential for lipidomics in engineering biotechnologies for the remediation of persistent compounds and biofuel production. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPT With the preservation of certain lipids across millions of years and our ever-increasing understanding of their diverse biological roles, lipidomic-based approaches provide a unique utility to increase our understanding of the contemporary and historical interactions between organisms, ecosystems, and anthropogenically-induced environmental changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy P Koelmel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, 125 Buckman Drive, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Michael P Napolitano
- CSS, Inc., under contract to National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, Hollings Marine Laboratory, 331 Fort Johnson Road, Charleston, SC, 29412, USA
| | - Candice Z Ulmer
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Hollings Marine Laboratory, 331 Ft. Johnson Road, Charleston, SC, 29412, USA
| | - Vasilis Vasiliou
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Timothy J Garrett
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, 125 Buckman Drive, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Richard A Yost
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, 125 Buckman Drive, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - M N V Prasad
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500046, India
| | - Krystal J Godri Pollitt
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - John A Bowden
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, 1333 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
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14
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Lust CAC, Mountjoy M, Robinson LE, Oliver JM, Ma DWL. Sports-related concussions and subconcussive impacts in athletes: incidence, diagnosis, and the emerging role of EPA and DHA. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2020; 45:886-892. [PMID: 32119565 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2019-0555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Sports-related concussions (SRC) are traumatic brain injuries induced as the result of a biomechanical force to the body that temporarily impair neurological functions. Not all traumatic impacts reach the threshold necessary to produce concussive symptoms; however, the culmination of these events is known as a subconcussive impact (SCI). Athletes who have been diagnosed with a SRC or those who accumulate multiple SCI have exhibited structural damage to the brain, impairments to learning and memory, and an increase in depressive symptoms. This area is rapidly evolving, and current clinical definitions of injury, diagnosis, and treatment of SRC and SCI are reviewed. In tandem, there is also growing research examining the role of nutrition in brain injuries, focusing primarily on n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). The potential role of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in reducing inflammation and promoting recovery following brain injury are also reviewed. Overall, advancements in the evaluation of SRC and SCI coupled with n-3 PUFA supplementation show promise in the management of brain injuries, leading to better long-term health outcomes for athletes. Novelty SRC have garnered widespread attention due to the growing body of reported prevalence in youth and professional sports. Current definitions and protocol(s) for diagnosing SRC and SCI have improved, but still require further evaluation. n-3, EPA and DHA, reduce inflammation and promote recovery following brain injuries in experimental models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody A C Lust
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Margo Mountjoy
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Lindsay E Robinson
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Jonathan M Oliver
- Athletics, United States Military Academy, West Point, NY 10996, USA
| | - David W L Ma
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
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15
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Gladine C, Ostermann AI, Newman JW, Schebb NH. MS-based targeted metabolomics of eicosanoids and other oxylipins: Analytical and inter-individual variabilities. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 144:72-89. [PMID: 31085232 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Oxylipins, including the well-known eicosanoids, are potent lipid mediators involved in numerous physiological and pathological processes. Therefore, their quantitative profiling has gained a lot of attention during the last years notably in the active field of health biomarker discovery. Oxylipins include hundreds of structurally and stereochemically distinct lipid species which today are most commonly analyzed by (ultra) high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry based ((U)HPLC-MS) methods. To maximize the utility of oxylipin profiling in clinical research, it is crucial to understand and assess the factors contributing to the analytical and biological variability of oxylipin profiles in humans. In this review, these factors and their impacts are summarized and discussed, providing a framework for recommendations expected to enhance the interlaboratory comparability and biological interpretation of oxylipin profiling in clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Gladine
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Annika I Ostermann
- Chair of Food Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Gaußstraße 20, University of Wuppertal, 42119, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - John W Newman
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA, USA; University of California Davis, Department of Nutrition, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Nils Helge Schebb
- Chair of Food Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Gaußstraße 20, University of Wuppertal, 42119, Wuppertal, Germany
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16
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Domínguez-Perles R, Gil-Izquierdo A, Ferreres F, Medina S. Update on oxidative stress and inflammation in pregnant women, unborn children (nasciturus), and newborns - Nutritional and dietary effects. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 142:38-51. [PMID: 30902759 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The scientific background of perinatal pathology, regarding both mother and offspring, from the lipidomic perspective, has highlighted the possibility of identifying new, promising clinical markers of oxidative stress and inflammation, closely related to the normal development of unborn and newborn children, together with their application. In this regard, in recent years, significant advances have been achieved, assisted by both newly developed analytical tools and basic knowledge on the biological implications of oxylipins. Hence, in the light of this recent progress, this review aims to provide an update on the relevance of human oxylipins during pregnancy and in the unborn and newborn child, covering two fundamental aspects. Firstly, the evidence from human clinical studies and dietary intervention trials will be used to shed light on the extent to which dietary supplementation can modulate the lipidomic markers of oxidative stress and inflammation in the perinatal state, emphasizing the role of the placenta and metabolic disturbances in the mother and fetus. The second part of this article comprises a review of existing data on specific pathophysiological aspects of human reproduction, in relation to lipidomic markers in pregnant women, unborn children, and newborn children. The information reviewed here evidences the current opportunity to correct reproductive disturbances, in the framework of lipidomics, by fine-tuning dietary interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Domínguez-Perles
- Group on Safety, Quality, and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, (CEBAS-CSIC), University Campus of Espinardo, Edif. 25, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - A Gil-Izquierdo
- Group on Safety, Quality, and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, (CEBAS-CSIC), University Campus of Espinardo, Edif. 25, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
| | - F Ferreres
- Group on Safety, Quality, and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, (CEBAS-CSIC), University Campus of Espinardo, Edif. 25, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - S Medina
- Group on Safety, Quality, and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, (CEBAS-CSIC), University Campus of Espinardo, Edif. 25, 30100, Murcia, Spain
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17
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Sato T, Horikawa M, Takei S, Yamazaki F, Ito TK, Kondo T, Sakurai T, Kahyo T, Ikegami K, Sato S, Sato R, Jinno Y, Kawano H, Naoe S, Arita M, Kashiwagi Y, Setou M. Preferential Incorporation of Administered Eicosapentaenoic Acid Into Thin-Cap Atherosclerotic Plaques. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 39:1802-1816. [PMID: 31366219 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.119.313093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), have beneficial effects on atherosclerosis. Although specific salutary actions have been reported, the detailed distribution of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in plaque and their relevance in disease progression are unclear. Our aim was to assess the pharmacodynamics of EPA and DHA and their metabolites in atherosclerotic plaques. Approach and Results: Apolipoprotein E-deficient (Apoe-/-) mice were fed a Western diet supplemented with EPA (1%, w/w) or DHA (1%, w/w) for 3 weeks. Imaging mass spectrometry analyses were performed in the aortic root and arch of the Apoe-/- mice to evaluate the distribution of EPA, DHA, their metabolites and the lipids containing EPA or DHA in the plaques. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and histological analysis were also performed. The intima-media thickness of atherosclerotic plaque decreased in plaques containing free EPA and EPAs attached with several lipids. EPA was distributed more densely in the thin-cap plaques than in the thick-cap plaques, while DHA was more evenly distributed. In the aortic root, the distribution of total EPA level and cholesteryl esters containing EPA followed a concentration gradient from the vascular endothelium to the media. In the aortic arch, free EPA and 12-hydroxy-EPA colocalized with M2 macrophage. CONCLUSIONS Administered EPA tends to be incorporated from the vascular lumen side and preferentially taken into the thin-cap plaque.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohito Sato
- From the Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy (T. Sato, M.H., F.Y., T.K.I., T. Kondo, T. Sakurai, T. Kahyo, K.I., S.S., M.S.), Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan.,International Mass Imaging Center (T. Sato, M.H., F.Y., T.K.I., T. Kondo, T. Sakurai, T. Kahyo, K.I., S.S., M.S.), Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan.,First Department of Surgery (T. Sato), Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Makoto Horikawa
- From the Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy (T. Sato, M.H., F.Y., T.K.I., T. Kondo, T. Sakurai, T. Kahyo, K.I., S.S., M.S.), Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan.,International Mass Imaging Center (T. Sato, M.H., F.Y., T.K.I., T. Kondo, T. Sakurai, T. Kahyo, K.I., S.S., M.S.), Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Shiro Takei
- Department of Environmental Biology, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chubu University, Aichi, Japan (S.T.)
| | - Fumiyoshi Yamazaki
- From the Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy (T. Sato, M.H., F.Y., T.K.I., T. Kondo, T. Sakurai, T. Kahyo, K.I., S.S., M.S.), Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan.,International Mass Imaging Center (T. Sato, M.H., F.Y., T.K.I., T. Kondo, T. Sakurai, T. Kahyo, K.I., S.S., M.S.), Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Takashi K Ito
- From the Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy (T. Sato, M.H., F.Y., T.K.I., T. Kondo, T. Sakurai, T. Kahyo, K.I., S.S., M.S.), Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan.,International Mass Imaging Center (T. Sato, M.H., F.Y., T.K.I., T. Kondo, T. Sakurai, T. Kahyo, K.I., S.S., M.S.), Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kondo
- From the Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy (T. Sato, M.H., F.Y., T.K.I., T. Kondo, T. Sakurai, T. Kahyo, K.I., S.S., M.S.), Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan.,International Mass Imaging Center (T. Sato, M.H., F.Y., T.K.I., T. Kondo, T. Sakurai, T. Kahyo, K.I., S.S., M.S.), Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Takanobu Sakurai
- From the Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy (T. Sato, M.H., F.Y., T.K.I., T. Kondo, T. Sakurai, T. Kahyo, K.I., S.S., M.S.), Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan.,International Mass Imaging Center (T. Sato, M.H., F.Y., T.K.I., T. Kondo, T. Sakurai, T. Kahyo, K.I., S.S., M.S.), Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Kahyo
- From the Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy (T. Sato, M.H., F.Y., T.K.I., T. Kondo, T. Sakurai, T. Kahyo, K.I., S.S., M.S.), Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan.,International Mass Imaging Center (T. Sato, M.H., F.Y., T.K.I., T. Kondo, T. Sakurai, T. Kahyo, K.I., S.S., M.S.), Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Koji Ikegami
- From the Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy (T. Sato, M.H., F.Y., T.K.I., T. Kondo, T. Sakurai, T. Kahyo, K.I., S.S., M.S.), Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan.,International Mass Imaging Center (T. Sato, M.H., F.Y., T.K.I., T. Kondo, T. Sakurai, T. Kahyo, K.I., S.S., M.S.), Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Shumpei Sato
- From the Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy (T. Sato, M.H., F.Y., T.K.I., T. Kondo, T. Sakurai, T. Kahyo, K.I., S.S., M.S.), Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan.,International Mass Imaging Center (T. Sato, M.H., F.Y., T.K.I., T. Kondo, T. Sakurai, T. Kahyo, K.I., S.S., M.S.), Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Ryota Sato
- Division of Cardiology, Internal Medicine 3 (R.S.), Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Jinno
- Development Research, Pharmaceutical Research Center, Mochida Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd, Shizuoka, Japan (Y.J., H.K., S.N.)
| | - Hiroyuki Kawano
- Development Research, Pharmaceutical Research Center, Mochida Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd, Shizuoka, Japan (Y.J., H.K., S.N.)
| | - Satoko Naoe
- Development Research, Pharmaceutical Research Center, Mochida Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd, Shizuoka, Japan (Y.J., H.K., S.N.).,Laboratory for Metabolomics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), Kanagawa, Japan (S.N., M.A.)
| | - Makoto Arita
- Preeminent Medical Photonics Education and Research Center, Shizuoka, Japan (M.S.)
| | - Yukiyasu Kashiwagi
- Osaka Research Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, Japan (Y.K., )
| | - Mitsutoshi Setou
- From the Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy (T. Sato, M.H., F.Y., T.K.I., T. Kondo, T. Sakurai, T. Kahyo, K.I., S.S., M.S.), Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan.,International Mass Imaging Center (T. Sato, M.H., F.Y., T.K.I., T. Kondo, T. Sakurai, T. Kahyo, K.I., S.S., M.S.), Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan.,Department of Anatomy, The University of Hong Kong, China (M.S.)
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18
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Motta AC, Strassburg K, Oranje P, Vreeken RJ, Jacobs DM. Oxylipin profiling in endothelial cells in vitro - Effects of DHA and hydrocortisone upon an inflammatory challenge. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2019; 144:106352. [PMID: 31260749 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2019.106352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Omega-3 poly-unsaturated fatty acids have been shown to have beneficial effects on several inflammatory-driven endpoints such as cardiovascular diseases. The anti-inflammatory effects of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are largely mediated through various oxylipins. Yet, mechanistic insights are limited. Here, we measured 53 oxylipins using LC-MS/MS in an in vitro model of endothelial cell inflammation, and compared the changes induced by DHA to hydrocortisone, a well-established anti-inflammatory drug. DHA modified several oxylipins derived from different precursors such as DHA, AA, LA and EPA. In response to a TNFα and IL-1-β challenge, DHA clearly reduced many COX-derived pro-inflammatory oxylipins, yet to a minor extent when compared to hydrocortisone. DHA also upregulated metabolites from the CYP and LOX pathways as opposed to hydrocortisone. Thus, DHA reduced pro-inflammation and enhanced pro-resolution, while hydrocortisone blunted both the pro- and anti-inflammatory pathways. Our results may fuel further research on the mitigation of corticosteroids adverse side-effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Motta
- Unilever R&D, Vlaardingen, The Netherlands.
| | - K Strassburg
- Netherlands Metabolomics Centre, LACDR, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands; Analytical Biosciences, LACDR, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - P Oranje
- Unilever R&D, Vlaardingen, The Netherlands
| | - R J Vreeken
- Netherlands Metabolomics Centre, LACDR, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands; Analytical Biosciences, LACDR, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - D M Jacobs
- Unilever R&D, Vlaardingen, The Netherlands
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19
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Ostermann AI, West AL, Schoenfeld K, Browning LM, Walker CG, Jebb SA, Calder PC, Schebb NH. Plasma oxylipins respond in a linear dose-response manner with increased intake of EPA and DHA: results from a randomized controlled trial in healthy humans. Am J Clin Nutr 2019; 109:1251-1263. [PMID: 31006007 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqz016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The health effects of long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) are partly mediated by their oxidized metabolites, i.e., eicosanoids and other oxylipins. Some intervention studies have demonstrated that eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) increase systemic concentrations of n-3 PUFA-derived oxylipins and moderately decrease arachidonic acid-derived oxylipins. There is no information on the dose-response of oxylipin concentrations after n-3 PUFA intake. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to quantify oxylipins in human plasma samples from an intervention study in which participants were randomly assigned to different daily intakes of EPA and DHA for 12 mo. METHODS Healthy adult men and women with low habitual fish consumption (n = 121) were randomly assigned to receive capsules providing doses of n-3 PUFAs reflecting 3 patterns of consumption of oily fish [1, 2, or 4 portions/wk with 3.27 g EPA + DHA (1:1.2, wt:wt) per portion] or placebo. Oxylipins were quantified in plasma after 3 and 12 mo. Relative and absolute changes of individual oxylipins were calculated and concentrations were correlated with the dose and the content of EPA and DHA in blood lipid pools. RESULTS Seventy-three oxylipins, mostly hydroxy-, dihydroxy-, and epoxy-PUFAs, were quantified in the plasma samples. After 3 and 12 mo a linear increase with dose was observed for all EPA- and DHA-derived oxylipins. Cytochrome-P450-derived anti-inflammatory and cardioprotective epoxy-PUFAs increased linearly with n-3 PUFA dose and showed low interindividual variance (r2 > 0.95). Similarly, 5, 12-, and 15-lipoxygenase-derived hydroxy-PUFAs as well as those formed autoxidatively increased linearly. These include the precursors of so-called specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators (SPMs), e.g., 17-hydroxy-DHA and 18-hydroxy-EPA. CONCLUSIONS Plasma concentrations of biologically active oxylipins derived from n-3 PUFAs, including epoxy-PUFAs and SPM-precursors, increase linearly with elevated intake of EPA and DHA. Interindividual differences in resulting plasma concentrations are low. This trial was registered at controlled-trials.com as ISRCTN48398526.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika I Ostermann
- Chair of Food Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Annette L West
- Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Kirsten Schoenfeld
- Chair of Food Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Lucy M Browning
- Medical Research Council, Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Celia G Walker
- Medical Research Council, Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Susan A Jebb
- Medical Research Council, Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Philip C Calder
- Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom.,NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Nils Helge Schebb
- Chair of Food Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
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20
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DHA Oral Supplementation Modulates Serum Epoxydocosapentaenoic Acid (EDP) Levels in Breast Cancer Patients. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:1280987. [PMID: 30949290 PMCID: PMC6425377 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1280987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Introduction The omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are considered mediators regulating the resolution of inflammation during cancer and may be associated with better outcomes. Epoxydocosapentaenoic acids (EDPs), metabolites of the DHA, are hypothesized to be responsible for some beneficial effects. In the present study, we aimed to assess the circulating 19,20-EDP levels in breast cancer (BC) patients and in healthy controls before and after DHA oral supplementation and the potential differences in the DHA conversion in 19,20-EDPs between patients with different BC presentations. Methods BC patients and healthy controls were supplemented with DHA (algal oil) for 10 days (2 g/day). Blood samples were collected at baseline (T0) and after supplementation (T1) to assess EDP (19,20-EDP) serum levels by liquid chromatography spectrometry. Results 33 BC patients and 10 controls were studied. EDP values at T0 were not different between patients and controls. At T1, we found an increase in 19,20-EDP levels in BC patients (P < 0.00001) and in controls (P < 0.001), whereas no differences in 19,20-EDPs were present between the two groups; when considering the type of BC presentation, patients with BRCA1/2 mutation showed lower 19,20-EDPs levels with respect to BC patients without the mutation (P = 0.03). According to immunohistochemical subtype, luminal A-like BC patients showed at T1 higher 19,20-EDP levels compared to nonluminal A (P = 0.02). Conclusions DHA oral supplementation was associated with increased 19,20-EDP serum levels in BC patients, independent of the type of BC presentation, and in controls. Patients carrier of BRCA1/2 mutation seem to possess lower ability of DHA epoxidation, whereas luminal A-like BC patients showed higher EDP conversion. This behavior should be tested in a larger population.
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21
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Caron JP, Gandy JC, Brown JL, Sordillo LM. Omega-3 fatty acids and docosahexaenoic acid oxymetabolites modulate the inflammatory response of equine recombinant interleukin1β-stimulated equine synoviocytes. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2019; 142:1-8. [PMID: 30836143 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2019.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Omega-3 fatty acid (n-3 PUFA) supplementation may have beneficial effects in certain chronic diseases, potentially including osteoarthritis. Favorable effects are attributed, in part, to downstream pro-resolving oxylipid metabolites. We investigated the role of n-3 PUFA and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)-derived oxylipids (docosanoids) on equine synoviocyte metabolism. We hypothesized that n-3 PUFA and selected docosanoids would modulate inflammatory mediator gene expression by recombinant equine (re)IL-1β-stimulated synovial fibroblasts. Synoviocyte monolayer cultures were prepared from grossly normal equine carpal synovium. Cellular incorporation of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and DHA was determined using LC-MS and docosanoid biosynthesis by LC-MS-MS. The influence of n-3 PUFA and docosanoids on osteoarthritis marker gene expression was determined by quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Synoviocytes incorporated EPA and DHA in significant amounts and DHA treatment augmented the synthesis of several docosanoids. Synoviocyte cultures pre-treated with EPA or DHA followed by reIL-1β stimulation had significant reductions in expression of ADAMTS4, MMP-1, MMP-13, IL-1β, IL-6 and COX-2. The docosanoids resolvin D1 and D2, maresin 1 and protectin DX, alone and in combination, abrogated ADAMTS4, MMP-1, MMP-13, and IL-6 gene expression in reIL-1β-stimulated synoviocytes. Similarly, both resolvins and maresin 1 stifled COX-2 expression. Our results demonstrate that synoviocytes readily incorporate n-3 PUFA. DHA incorporation was sufficient for biosynthesis of significant concentrations of several docosanoids which modulated the synovial inflammatory response in vitro. These data indicate n-3 PUFA supplementation may prove useful in the prevention or treatment of osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Caron
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48823-1314, United States.
| | - Jeffrey C Gandy
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48823-1314, United States
| | - Jennifer L Brown
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48823-1314, United States
| | - Lorraine M Sordillo
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48823-1314, United States
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22
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Caron JP, Gandy JC, Brown JL, Sordillo LM. Docosahexaenoic acid-derived oxidized lipid metabolites modulate the inflammatory response of lipolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2018; 136:76-83. [PMID: 29763660 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2018.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation has demonstrated beneficial effects in a number of inflammatory diseases. Increasingly, important contributions to its favorable effects are attributed downstream metabolites called docosanoids. Herein, we investigated the role of DHA-derived oxidized lipid metabolites on inflammatory mediator expression by RAW 264.7 murine macrophages. Specifically, macrophage incorporation of DHA, and the resultant biosynthesis of selected pro-resolving docosanoids was quantified. Docosanoid effects on the expression of selected pro-inflammatory cytokines in LPS-stimulated cultures was determined. Macrophages incorporated DHA in significant amounts. In the presence of DHA macrophages produced statistically significant amounts of several putative pro-resolving docosanoids compared to untreated controls. Among them, resolvins D1 and D2 and maresin 1 abrogated COX-2 and IL-1β gene expression in LPS-stimulated macrophages. In addition to these mediators, protectin DX inhibited LPS-stimulated macrophage expression of IL-6. Our results demonstrate that macrophages incorporate DHA in quantities sufficient for the biosynthesis of biologically-relevant concentrations of a number of pro-resolving docosanoids, certain of which modulate the inflammatory response of macrophages under conditions mimicking acute inflammation. These data provide further information on the mechanism(s) by which DHA exerts salutary effects on the inflammatory response of macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Caron
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48823-1314, USA.
| | - Jeffrey C Gandy
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48823-1314, USA
| | - Jennifer L Brown
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48823-1314, USA
| | - Lorraine M Sordillo
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48823-1314, USA
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23
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Leng S, Winter T, Aukema HM. Dietary ALA, EPA and DHA have distinct effects on oxylipin profiles in female and male rat kidney, liver and serum. J Nutr Biochem 2018; 57:228-237. [PMID: 29778015 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
There is much data on the effects of dietary n-3 fatty acids on tissue fatty acid compositions, but comparable comprehensive data on their oxygenated metabolites (oxylipins) is limited. The effects of providing female and male rats with diets high in α-linolenic acid (ALA), EPA or DHA for 6 weeks on oxylipins and fatty acids in kidney, liver and serum were therefore examined. The oxylipin profile generally reflected fatty acids, but it also revealed unique effects of individual n-3 fatty acids that were not apparent from fatty acid data alone. Dietary ALA increased renal and serum DHA oxylipins even though DHA itself did not increase, while dietary EPA did not increase DHA oxylipins in kidney or liver, suggesting that high EPA may inhibit this conversion. Oxylipin data generally corroborated fatty acid data that indicated that DHA can be retroconverted to EPA and that further retroconversion to ALA is limited. Dietary n-3 fatty acids decreased n-6 fatty acids and their oxylipins (except linoleic acid and its oxylipins), in order of effectiveness of DHA > EPA > ALA, with some exceptions: several arachidonic acid oxylipins modified at carbon 15 were not lower in all three sites, and EPA had a greater effect on 12-hydroxy-eicosatetraenoic acid and its metabolites in the liver. Oxylipins were predominantly higher in males, which was not reflective of fatty acids. Tissue-specific oxylipin profiles, therefore, provide further information on individual dietary n-3 fatty acid and sex effects that may help explain their unique physiological effects and have implications for dietary recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Leng
- Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, Winnipeg, Canada R3T 2N2
| | - Tanja Winter
- Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, Winnipeg, Canada R3T 2N2
| | - Harold M Aukema
- Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, Winnipeg, Canada R3T 2N2.
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24
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Schmöcker C, Zhang IW, Kiesler S, Kassner U, Ostermann AI, Steinhagen-Thiessen E, Schebb NH, Weylandt KH. Effect of Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation on Oxylipins in a Routine Clinical Setting. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19010180. [PMID: 29316682 PMCID: PMC5796129 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-6 PUFA) is the predominant polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), especially in Western diet. A high omega-6/omega-3 ratio in Western diets is implicated in the development of cardiovascular diseases and inflammatory processes. Studies in animal models and in humans have demonstrated beneficial effects of omega-3 PUFA (n-3 PUFA) in a variety of diseases, including cardiac arrhythmias and inflammatory diseases, as well as breast and colon cancer. The molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of n-3 PUFA are still not well understood. Possible mechanisms include competition between n-3 and n-6 PUFAs at the cyclooxygenase (COX) and lipoxygenase (LOX) and cytochrome P450 levels, and subsequent formation of oxylipins with specific anti-inflammatory or anti-arrhythmic effects. In this study, we report the impact of routine long-term treatment with prescription-grade n-3 PUFA (either 840 mg or 1680 mg per day) on blood cell membrane fatty acid composition, as well as plasma oxylipin patterns, in a patient population with severe hyperlipidemia and cardiovascular disease who are on standard lipid-lowering and cardioprotective medications. Lipidomics analyses were performed by LC/ESI-MS/MS. Supplementation led to a dose-dependent increase in n-3 PUFA eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in the blood cell fraction. We also observed a dose-dependent increase in EPA- and DHA-derived epoxy metabolites, whereas the effect of n-3 PUFA supplementation on LOX-dependent EPA- and DHA-derived hydroxy metabolites was less pronounced, with a tendency towards lower metabolites in subjects with higher n-3 PUFA levels. These data thus generally confirm effects of n-3 PUFA supplementation observed previously in healthy individuals. Additionally, they indicate a suppressive effect of high n-3 PUFA supplementation on the formation of LOX metabolites in the context of concomitant aspirin medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Schmöcker
- Medical Department, Division of Gastroenterology, Oncology, Hematology, Rheumatology and Diabetes, Ruppiner Kliniken, Brandenburg Medical School, 16816 Neuruppin, Germany.
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sana Klinikum Lichtenberg, 10365 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Ingrid W Zhang
- Medical Department, Division of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité University Medicine, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Stefanie Kiesler
- Medical Department, Division of Gastroenterology, Oncology, Hematology, Rheumatology and Diabetes, Ruppiner Kliniken, Brandenburg Medical School, 16816 Neuruppin, Germany.
| | - Ursula Kassner
- Medical Department, Division of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité University Medicine, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Annika I Ostermann
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Wuppertal, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany.
- Institute for Food Toxicology, University for Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Elisabeth Steinhagen-Thiessen
- Medical Department, Division of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité University Medicine, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Nils H Schebb
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Wuppertal, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany.
- Institute for Food Toxicology, University for Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Karsten-H Weylandt
- Medical Department, Division of Gastroenterology, Oncology, Hematology, Rheumatology and Diabetes, Ruppiner Kliniken, Brandenburg Medical School, 16816 Neuruppin, Germany.
- Medical Department, Division of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité University Medicine, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
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25
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Greupner T, Kutzner L, Nolte F, Strangmann A, Kohrs H, Hahn A, Schebb NH, Schuchardt JP. Effects of a 12-week high-α-linolenic acid intervention on EPA and DHA concentrations in red blood cells and plasma oxylipin pattern in subjects with a low EPA and DHA status. Food Funct 2018; 9:1587-1600. [DOI: 10.1039/c7fo01809f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The essential omega-3 fatty acid alpha-linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3n3) can be converted into EPA and DHA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Greupner
- Institute of Food Science and Human Nutrition
- Leibniz University Hannover
- Germany
| | - Laura Kutzner
- Institute for Food Toxicology
- University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover
- Germany
| | - Fabian Nolte
- Institute for Food Toxicology
- University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover
- Germany
| | - Alena Strangmann
- Institute of Food Science and Human Nutrition
- Leibniz University Hannover
- Germany
| | - Heike Kohrs
- Institute of Food Science and Human Nutrition
- Leibniz University Hannover
- Germany
| | - Andreas Hahn
- Institute of Food Science and Human Nutrition
- Leibniz University Hannover
- Germany
| | - Nils Helge Schebb
- Institute for Food Toxicology
- University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover
- Germany
- Chair of Food Chemistry
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences
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