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Mateos-Olivares M, Pastor-Idoate S, Martín-Vallejo J, García-Vazquez C, Pastor JC, Usategui-Martín R, Sobas EM. Stress and sleep deprivation-related biomarkers in saliva in patients with retinitis pigmentosa. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0304261. [PMID: 38870197 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0304261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Patients with Retinitis Pigmentosa (RP) commonly experience sleep-related issues and are susceptible to stress. Moreover, variatiaons in their vision are often linked to anxiety, stress and drowsiness, indicating that stress and sleep deprivation lead to a decline in vision, and vision improves when both are mitigated. The objective of this study was to investigate the utility of salivary biomarkers as biochemical indicators of anxiety and sleep deprivation in RP patients. METHODS Seventy-eight RP patients and 34 healthy controls were included in this observational study. Anxiety and sleep-quality questionnaires, a complete ophthalmological exam for severity grading and, the collection of salivary samples from participants were assessed for participants. The activity of biomarkers was estimated by ELISA, and statistical analysis was performed to determine associations between the parameters. Associations between underlying psychological factors, grade of disease severity, and biomarkers activity were also examined. RESULTS Fifty-two (67%) of patients had a severe RP, and 26 (33%) had a mild-moderate grade. Fifty-eight (58,9%) patients reported severe levels of anxiety and 18 (23.,1%) a high level. Forty-six (59%) patients obtained pathological values in sleep-quality questionaries and 43 (55.1%) in sleepiness. Patients with RP exhibited significant differences in testosterone, cortisol, sTNFαRII, sIgA and melatonin as compared to controls and patients with a mild-moderate and advanced stage of disease showed greater differences. In covariate analysis, patients with a severe anxiety level also showed greater differences in mean salivary cortisol, sTNFαRII and melatonin and male patients showed lower IgA levels than female. CONCLUSIONS The present findings suggest that salivary biomarkers could be suitable non-invasive biochemical markers for the objective assessment of sleep deprivation and anxiety in RP patients. Further research is needed to characterize the effects of untreated negative psychological states and sleep deprivation on increased variability of vision and disease progression, if any.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milagros Mateos-Olivares
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Ophthalmology, Clinical University Hospital of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Salvador Pastor-Idoate
- Department of Ophthalmology, Clinical University Hospital of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
- Institute of Applied Ophthalmobiology (IOBA), University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
- Networks of Cooperative Research oriented to Health Results (RICORS), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Martín-Vallejo
- Department of Statistics, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | | | - José Carlos Pastor
- Institute of Applied Ophthalmobiology (IOBA), University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
- Networks of Cooperative Research oriented to Health Results (RICORS), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ricardo Usategui-Martín
- Institute of Applied Ophthalmobiology (IOBA), University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
- Networks of Cooperative Research oriented to Health Results (RICORS), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, Genetics, Histology and Pharmacology, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Eva María Sobas
- Institute of Applied Ophthalmobiology (IOBA), University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
- Networks of Cooperative Research oriented to Health Results (RICORS), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
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Shi Y, Ye D, Cui K, Bai X, Fan M, Feng Y, Hu C, Xu Y, Huang J. Melatonin ameliorates retinal ganglion cell senescence and apoptosis in a SIRT1-dependent manner in an optic nerve injury model. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167053. [PMID: 38325588 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Melatonin is involved in exerting protective effects in aged-related and neurodegenerative diseases through a silent information regulator type 1 (SIRT1)-dependent pathway. However, little was known about the impact of melatonin on retinal ganglion cell (RGC) senescence and apoptosis following optic nerve crush (ONC). Thus, this study aimed to examine the effects of melatonin on RGC senescence and apoptosis after ONC and investigate the involvement of SIRT1 in this process. To study this, an ONC model was established. EX-527, an inhibitor of SIRT1, was injected intraperitoneally into mice. And melatonin was administrated abdominally into mice after ONC every day. Hematoxylin & eosin staining, retina flat-mounts and optical coherence tomography were used to evaluate the loss of retina cells/neurons. Pattern electroretinogram (p-ERG) was performed to evaluate the function of RGCs. Immunofluorescence and western blot were used to evaluate protein expression. SA-β-gal staining was employed to detect senescent cells. The results demonstrated that melatonin partially rescued the expression of SIRT1 in RGC 3 days after ONC. Additionally, melatonin administration partly rescued the decreased RGC number and ganglion cell complex thickness observed 14 days after ONC. Melatonin also suppressed ONC-induced senescence and apoptosis index. Furthermore, p-ERG showed that melatonin improved the amplitude of P50, N95 and N95/P50 following ONC. Importantly, the protective effects of melatonin were reversed when EX-527 was administered. In summary, this study revealed that melatonin attenuated RGC senescence and apoptosis through a SIRT1-dependent pathway after ONC. These findings provide valuable insights for the treatment of RGC senescence and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxun Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Dan Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China; Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 151 Yanjiang Road, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Kaixuan Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Xue Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Matthew Fan
- Yale College, Yale University, New Haven, CT 201942, United States
| | - Yanlin Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Chenyang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Yue Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China.
| | - Jingjing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China.
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Osipova NA, Panova AY, Efremov AM, Lozinskaya NA, Beznos OV, Katargina LA. Melatonin and its bioisosteres as potential therapeutic agents for the treatment of retinopathy of prematurity. Chem Biol Drug Des 2024; 103:e14504. [PMID: 38480485 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
We conducted a study on the impact of intraperitoneal injections of melatonin and its three bioisosteres (compounds 1-3) on the development of oxygen-induced retinopathy in newborn rats during a 21-day experiment. It was demonstrated that melatonin and its analogues 1-3 effectively reduce the total protein concentration in the vitreous body of rat pups, decrease concentration of VEGF-A, and lower the level of oxidative stress (as indicated by normalization of antioxidant activity in the vitreous body). Melatonin and its analogues 1-3 equally normalize the level of VEGF-A. Analogues 1 and 2 even exceed melatonin in their ability to reduce protein influx into the vitreous body. However, analogue 2 had no effect on antioxidant activity, while analogues 1 and 3 caused a significant increase in this parameter, with analogue 3 even slightly exceeding melatonin. Thus, it can be concluded that analogues 1-3 are comparable to melatonin and can be utilized as potential therapeutic agents for the treatment of retinopathy of prematurity.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Osipova
- Helmholtz National Medical Center of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Russia
| | - A Y Panova
- Helmholtz National Medical Center of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Russia
| | - A M Efremov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - N A Lozinskaya
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - O V Beznos
- Helmholtz National Medical Center of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Russia
| | - L A Katargina
- Helmholtz National Medical Center of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Russia
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Ashfaq R, Rasul A, Asghar S, Kovács A, Berkó S, Budai-Szűcs M. Lipid Nanoparticles: An Effective Tool to Improve the Bioavailability of Nutraceuticals. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15764. [PMID: 37958750 PMCID: PMC10648376 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Nano-range bioactive colloidal carrier systems are envisaged to overcome the challenges associated with treatments of numerous diseases. Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs), one of the extensively investigated drug delivery systems, not only improve pharmacokinetic parameters, transportation, and chemical stability of encapsulated compounds but also provide efficient targeting and reduce the risk of toxicity. Over the last decades, nature-derived polyphenols, vitamins, antioxidants, dietary supplements, and herbs have received more attention due to their remarkable biological and pharmacological health and medical benefits. However, their poor aqueous solubility, compromised stability, insufficient absorption, and accelerated elimination impede research in the nutraceutical sector. Owing to the possibilities offered by various LNPs, their ability to accommodate both hydrophilic and hydrophobic molecules and the availability of various preparation methods suitable for sensitive molecules, loading natural fragile molecules into LNPs offers a promising solution. The primary objective of this work is to explore the synergy between nature and nanotechnology, encompassing a wide range of research aimed at encapsulating natural therapeutic molecules within LNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabia Ashfaq
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (R.A.)
| | - Akhtar Rasul
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (A.R.); (S.A.)
| | - Sajid Asghar
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (A.R.); (S.A.)
| | - Anita Kovács
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (R.A.)
| | - Szilvia Berkó
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (R.A.)
| | - Mária Budai-Szűcs
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (R.A.)
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Linowiecka K, Slominski AT, Reiter RJ, Böhm M, Steinbrink K, Paus R, Kleszczyński K. Melatonin: A Potential Regulator of DNA Methylation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1155. [PMID: 37371885 PMCID: PMC10295183 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12061155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The pineal gland-derived indoleamine hormone, melatonin, regulates multiple cellular processes, ranging from chronobiology, proliferation, apoptosis, and oxidative damage to pigmentation, immune regulation, and mitochondrial metabolism. While melatonin is best known as a master regulator of the circadian rhythm, previous studies also have revealed connections between circadian cycle disruption and genomic instability, including epigenetic changes in the pattern of DNA methylation. For example, melatonin secretion is associated with differential circadian gene methylation in night shift workers and the regulation of genomic methylation during embryonic development, and there is accumulating evidence that melatonin can modify DNA methylation. Since the latter one impacts cancer initiation, and also, non-malignant diseases development, and that targeting DNA methylation has become a novel intervention target in clinical therapy, this review discusses the potential role of melatonin as an under-investigated candidate epigenetic regulator, namely by modulating DNA methylation via changes in mRNA and the protein expression of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) and ten-eleven translocation (TET) proteins. Furthermore, since melatonin may impact changes in the DNA methylation pattern, the authors of the review suggest its possible use in combination therapy with epigenetic drugs as a new anticancer strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Linowiecka
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
- Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33125, USA
| | - Andrzej T. Slominski
- Department of Dermatology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Service, VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Russel J. Reiter
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, UT Health, Long School of Medicine, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Markus Böhm
- Department of Dermatology, University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 58, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Kerstin Steinbrink
- Department of Dermatology, University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 58, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Ralf Paus
- Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33125, USA
| | - Konrad Kleszczyński
- Department of Dermatology, University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 58, 48149 Münster, Germany
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6
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Bhoi JD, Goel M, Ribelayga CP, Mangel SC. Circadian clock organization in the retina: From clock components to rod and cone pathways and visual function. Prog Retin Eye Res 2023; 94:101119. [PMID: 36503722 PMCID: PMC10164718 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2022.101119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Circadian (24-h) clocks are cell-autonomous biological oscillators that orchestrate many aspects of our physiology on a daily basis. Numerous circadian rhythms in mammalian and non-mammalian retinas have been observed and the presence of an endogenous circadian clock has been demonstrated. However, how the clock and associated rhythms assemble into pathways that support and control retina function remains largely unknown. Our goal here is to review the current status of our knowledge and evaluate recent advances. We describe many previously-observed retinal rhythms, including circadian rhythms of morphology, biochemistry, physiology, and gene expression. We evaluate evidence concerning the location and molecular machinery of the retinal circadian clock, as well as consider findings that suggest the presence of multiple clocks. Our primary focus though is to describe in depth circadian rhythms in the light responses of retinal neurons with an emphasis on clock control of rod and cone pathways. We examine evidence that specific biochemical mechanisms produce these daily light response changes. We also discuss evidence for the presence of multiple circadian retinal pathways involving rhythms in neurotransmitter activity, transmitter receptors, metabolism, and pH. We focus on distinct actions of two dopamine receptor systems in the outer retina, a dopamine D4 receptor system that mediates circadian control of rod/cone gap junction coupling and a dopamine D1 receptor system that mediates non-circadian, light/dark adaptive regulation of gap junction coupling between horizontal cells. Finally, we evaluate the role of circadian rhythmicity in retinal degeneration and suggest future directions for the field of retinal circadian biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob D Bhoi
- Ruiz Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, McGovern Medical School, UTHEALTH-The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA; Neuroscience Honors Research Program, William Marsh Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Manvi Goel
- Department of Neuroscience, Wexner Medical Center, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Christophe P Ribelayga
- Ruiz Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, McGovern Medical School, UTHEALTH-The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA; Neuroscience Honors Research Program, William Marsh Rice University, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Stuart C Mangel
- Department of Neuroscience, Wexner Medical Center, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
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Li KL, Shan SW, Lin FY, Ling CY, Wong NW, Li HL, Han W, To CH, Do CW. Regulation of Aqueous Humor Secretion by Melatonin in Porcine Ciliary Epithelium. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:5789. [PMID: 36982863 PMCID: PMC10051954 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Secretion of melatonin, a natural hormone whose receptors are present in the ciliary epithelium, displays diurnal variation in the aqueous humor (AH), potentially contributing to the regulation of intraocular pressure. This study aimed to determine the effects of melatonin on AH secretion in porcine ciliary epithelium. The addition of 100 µM melatonin to both sides of the epithelium significantly increased the short-circuit current (Isc) by ~40%. Stromal administration alone had no effect on the Isc, but aqueous application triggered a 40% increase in Isc, similar to that of bilateral application without additive effect. Pre-treatment with niflumic acid abolished melatonin-induced Isc stimulation. More importantly, melatonin stimulated the fluid secretion across the intact ciliary epithelium by ~80% and elicited a sustained increase (~50-60%) in gap junctional permeability between pigmented ciliary epithelial (PE) cells and non-pigmented ciliary epithelial (NPE) cells. The expression of MT3 receptor was found to be >10-fold higher than that of MT1 and MT2 in porcine ciliary epithelium. Aqueous pre-treatment with MT1/MT2 antagonist luzindole failed to inhibit the melatonin-induced Isc response, while MT3 antagonist prazosin pre-treatment abolished the Isc stimulation. We conclude that melatonin facilitates Cl- and fluid movement from PE to NPE cells, thereby stimulating AH secretion via NPE-cell MT3 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka-Lok Li
- School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sze-Wan Shan
- School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
- Centre for Eye and Vision Research (CEVR), 17W Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China
- Research Centre for SHARP Vision (RCSV), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Fang-Yu Lin
- School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Choi-Ying Ling
- School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Nga-Wai Wong
- School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hoi-Lam Li
- School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
- Centre for Eye and Vision Research (CEVR), 17W Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wei Han
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Chi-Ho To
- School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
- Centre for Eye and Vision Research (CEVR), 17W Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China
- Research Centre for SHARP Vision (RCSV), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chi-Wai Do
- School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
- Centre for Eye and Vision Research (CEVR), 17W Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China
- Research Centre for SHARP Vision (RCSV), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
- Research Institute of Smart Ageing (RISA), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
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Zhang C, Zhu Z, Zhao J, Li Y, Zhang Z, Zheng Y. Ubiquitous light-emitting diodes: Potential threats to retinal circadian rhythms and refractive development. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 862:160809. [PMID: 36502986 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The use of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) has increased considerably in the 21st century with humans living in a modern photoperiod with brighter nights and dimmer days. Prolonged exposure to LEDs, especially at night, is considered a new source of pollution because it may affect the synthesis and secretion of retinal melatonin and dopamine, resulting in negative impacts on retinal circadian clocks and potentially disrupting retinal circadian rhythms. The control of ocular refraction is believed to be related to retinal circadian rhythms. Moreover, the global prevalence of myopia has increased at an alarming rate in recent decades. The widespread use of LEDs and the rapid increase in the prevalence of myopia overlap, which is unlikely to be a coincidence. The connection among LEDs, retinal circadian rhythms, and refractive development is both fascinating and confusing. In this review, we aim to develop a systematic framework that includes LEDs, retinal circadian rhythms and refractive development. This paper summarizes the possible mechanisms by which LEDs may disrupt retinal circadian rhythms. We propose that prolonged exposure to LEDs may induce myopia by disrupting retinal circadian rhythms. Finally, we suggest several possible countermeasures to prevent LED interference on retinal circadian rhythms, with the hope of reducing the onset and progression of myopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenchen Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China
| | - Zhe Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Eye Institute, Jinan 250000, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China
| | - Yanxia Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China
| | - Zhaoying Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China
| | - Yajuan Zheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China.
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Kairaitis K, Amis TC, Perri R, Lee S, Drury A, Lambeth C, Mitchell P, Lindley RI, Wheatley JR. Sleep disordered breathing has minimal association with retinal microvascular diameters in a non-diabetic sleep clinic cohort. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0279306. [PMID: 36626381 PMCID: PMC9831323 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0279306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) may increase stroke risk; retinal arteriolar (central retinal arteriolar equivalent, CRAE) diameter narrowing and/or retinal venular (central retinal venule equivalent, CRVE) widening may predict stroke. We examined relationships between sleep disordered breathing (SDB) and CRAE and CRVE and in a diabetes-free sleep clinic cohort. METHODS Patients for SDB assessment were recruited (Main Group, n = 264, age: 58.5 ± 8.9 yrs [mean ± SD]; males: 141) for in-laboratory polysomnography (standard metrics, eg apnea hypopnea index, AHI) and retinal photographs (evening and morning). A more severe SDB sub-group (n = 85) entered a 12-month cardiovascular risk factor minimisation (hypertension/hypercholesterolemia control; RFM) and continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) intervention (RFM/CPAP Sub-Group); successfully completed by n = 66 (AHI = 32.4 [22.1-45.3] events/hour, median[IQR]). Univariate (Spearman's correlation, t-test) and multiple linear regression models examined non-SDB and SDB associations with CRAE and CRVE measures. RESULTS Main Group: Evening CRAE predictors were: systolic blood pressure (0.18μm decrease per mmHg, p = 0.001), age (2.47μm decrease per decade, p = 0.012), Caucasian ethnicity (4.45 μm versus non-Caucasian, p = 0.011), height (0.24 μm decrease per cm increase, p = 0.005) and smoking history (3.08 μm increase, p = 0.052). Evening CRVE predictors were: Caucasian ethnicity (11.52 μm decrease versus non-Caucasian, p>0.001), diastolic blood pressure (0.34 μm increase in CRVE per mmHg, p = 0.001), hypertension history (6.5 μm decrease, p = 0.005), and smoking history (4.6 μm increase, p = 0.034). No SDB metric (all p>0.08) predicted CRAE or CRVE measures. RFM/CPAP Sub-Group: A one-unit increase in ln(AHI+1) was associated with a 0.046μm increase in CRAE (n = 85; p = 0.029). Mean evening CRAE and CRVE values did not change across the intervention (n = 66), but evening CRVE decreased ~6.0 μm for individuals with AHI >30 events/hr. CONCLUSION No major SDB associations with CRAE or CRVE were identified, although the RFM/CPAP intervention reduced evening CRVE for severe OSA patients. Implications for cerebro-vascular disease risk remain uncertain. TRIAL REGISTRATION The protocol was registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (Trial Id: ACTRN12620000694910).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Kairaitis
- Ludwig Engel Centre for Respiratory Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Westmead Clinical School, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Terence C. Amis
- Ludwig Engel Centre for Respiratory Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Westmead Clinical School, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Rita Perri
- Ludwig Engel Centre for Respiratory Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sharon Lee
- Ludwig Engel Centre for Respiratory Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Anne Drury
- Ludwig Engel Centre for Respiratory Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Christopher Lambeth
- Ludwig Engel Centre for Respiratory Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Paul Mitchell
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Westmead Clinical School, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Centre for Vision Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Richard I. Lindley
- The George Institute for Global Health, Newtown, New South Wales, Australia
- Westmead Applied Research Centre, University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - John R. Wheatley
- Ludwig Engel Centre for Respiratory Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Westmead Clinical School, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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10
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Huang Y, Chen X, Zhuang J, Yu K. The Role of Retinal Dysfunction in Myopia Development. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2022:10.1007/s10571-022-01309-1. [DOI: 10.1007/s10571-022-01309-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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11
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Qian KW, Li YY, Wu XH, Gong X, Liu AL, Chen WH, Yang Z, Cui LJ, Liu YF, Ma YY, Yu CX, Huang F, Wang Q, Zhou X, Qu J, Zhong YM, Yang XL, Weng SJ. Altered Retinal Dopamine Levels in a Melatonin-proficient Mouse Model of Form-deprivation Myopia. Neurosci Bull 2022; 38:992-1006. [PMID: 35349094 PMCID: PMC9468212 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-022-00842-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Reduced levels of retinal dopamine, a key regulator of eye development, are associated with experimental myopia in various species, but are not seen in the myopic eyes of C57BL/6 mice, which are deficient in melatonin, a neurohormone having extensive interactions with dopamine. Here, we examined the relationship between form-deprivation myopia (FDM) and retinal dopamine levels in melatonin-proficient CBA/CaJ mice. We found that these mice exhibited a myopic refractive shift in form-deprived eyes, which was accompanied by altered retinal dopamine levels. When melatonin receptors were pharmacologically blocked, FDM could still be induced, but its magnitude was reduced, and retinal dopamine levels were no longer altered in FDM animals, indicating that melatonin-related changes in retinal dopamine levels contribute to FDM. Thus, FDM is mediated by both dopamine level-independent and melatonin-related dopamine level-dependent mechanisms in CBA/CaJ mice. The previously reported unaltered retinal dopamine levels in myopic C57BL/6 mice may be attributed to melatonin deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang-Wei Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yun-Yun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Xiao-Hua Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Discipline of Neuroscience and Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Xue Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ai-Lin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wen-Hao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zhe Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ling-Jie Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yun-Feng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Chen-Xi Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Furong Huang
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Qiongsi Wang
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Xiangtian Zhou
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Jia Qu
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Yong-Mei Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xiong-Li Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Shi-Jun Weng
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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12
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Bargues-Navarro G, Ibáñez-del Valle V, El Mlili N, Cauli O. Salivary Biomarkers Associated with Psychological Alterations in Patients with Diabetes: A Systematic Review. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2022; 58:medicina58081091. [PMID: 36013558 PMCID: PMC9416232 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58081091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The care of individuals with diabetes needs a holistic perspective, taking into account both the physical disease and the mental health problems that may be associated. Different studies show a higher prevalence of depression or anxiety issues in diabetes patients than in the general population, which is why diabetes can be considered one of the chronic diseases in which psychological care is crucial to maintain quality of life. The objective of this review is to examine the published articles that relate the bidirectional associations between objective and subjective measures of anxiety, depressive symptomatology, stress, sleep quality, and salivary biomarkers in patients with diabetes. For this, a search was carried out in the electronic databases PubMed, Cochrane, and SCOPUS using the keywords "diabetes", "saliva", "sleep", "anxiety", "depression", and "stress" for works published up until May 2022 and limited to the English and Spanish languages. The sample comprised 14 articles, 5 of which analysed the associations between depressive symptomatology and salivary biomarkers in people with diabetes. Among the salivary biomarkers most frequently used to evaluate psychological alterations in persons with diabetes are cortisol and melatonin. Thus, significant changes in the levels of these biomarkers were observed in most studies. Four out of five studies reported a statistically significant relationship between increased salivary cortisol in the evening/midnight or the cortisol awakening response and depressive symptoms. In contrast, lower cortisol levels upon waking in the morning were observed when there was no depression or anxiety. Regarding the association between salivary cortisol values and sleep quality in patients with diabetes, lower morning cortisol values related to prolonged nighttime sleep were common in the analysed studies. Low melatonin concentrations showed a negative correlation with sleep quality. As it is an easy-to-apply and non-invasive method, the measurement of salivary biomarkers can be very useful for predicting psychological alterations in patients with diabetes. Further scientific studies are required to determine the sensitivity of these biological substances acting as biomarkers for detecting sleep disorders and psychological alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Bargues-Navarro
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Podiatry, University of Valencia, Avda Menéndez Pidal 19, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Vanessa Ibáñez-del Valle
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Podiatry, University of Valencia, Avda Menéndez Pidal 19, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Frailty and Cognitive Impairment Organized Group (FROG), University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Chair of Active Ageing, University of Valencia, 4610 Valencia, Spain
| | - Nisrin El Mlili
- Higher Institute of Nursing Professions and Health Techniques (ISPITS), Tetouan 93000, Morocco
- Department of Biology and Health, Faculty of Sciences, University Abdelmalek Essâadi, Tetouan 93000, Morocco
| | - Omar Cauli
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Podiatry, University of Valencia, Avda Menéndez Pidal 19, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Frailty and Cognitive Impairment Organized Group (FROG), University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Chair of Active Ageing, University of Valencia, 4610 Valencia, Spain
- Correspondence:
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13
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Relationships between Sleep Duration, Timing, Consistency, and Chronotype with Myopia among School-Aged Children. J Ophthalmol 2022; 2022:7071801. [PMID: 35903175 PMCID: PMC9325560 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7071801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The role of sleep in childhood myopia has been a research focus; however, the existing evidence is conflicting on sleep duration and timing, and as yet, no studies involve sleep consistency and chronotype. This study is done to make multiple-perspective analyses on the associations between sleep variables and myopia. Methods A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Shanghai, China, which included 10,142 school-aged children (7–12 years old, 53.2% boys). The Chinese version of the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ) was used to assess sleep variables. Propensity score matching was adopted to balance the difference of covariates between nonmyopic and myopic groups. Logistic regression models were implemented to examine the associations between sleep variables and myopia. Results Sleep duration and timing, mainly during weekdays, were correlated with myopia in a dose-dependent pattern, in which longer sleep duration was associated with decreased risk of myopia (9-10 hours/day: odds ratio (OR) = 0.87; ≥10 hours/day: OR = 0.77; by comparison with <9 hours/day); later bedtime (9 pm to 9:30 pm: OR = 1.46; 9:30 pm to 10 pm: OR = 1.51; 10 pm and after: OR = 2.08; by comparison with before 9 pm) and later wake-up time (7 am and after: OR = 1.36; by comparison with before 6:30 am) increased the risk (all P < 0.05). Moreover, longer weekend catch-up sleep duration and intermediate and evening chronotype were positively correlated with myopia, while social jetlag was associated with a lower odds of myopia. All these findings were also similarly observed in the matching sample. Conclusions Multiple dimensions of sleep were involved in childhood myopia. In addition to sleep duration and timing, sleep consistency and chronotype were also strictly related to myopia. More studies are needed to enrich the current evidence, thus further clarifying the association between sleep and childhood myopia.
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14
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Parravano M, Eandi CM, Figus M, Lupidi M, Menchini F, Nicolo' M, Parisi V, Toto L, Viola F, Vujosevic S, Querques G. Effects of circadian rhythm disruption on retinal physiopathology: Considerations from a consensus of experts. Eur J Ophthalmol 2022; 32:2489-2493. [PMID: 35656746 PMCID: PMC9373193 DOI: 10.1177/11206721221106149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The circadian rhythms originate within the organism and synchronize with cyclic
fluctuations in the external environment. It has been demonstrated that part of the human
genome is under control of the circadian clock and that a synchronizer that helps to
maintain daily rhythms is Melatonin, a neuro-hormone primarily synthesized by the pineal
gland during the night. The chronic disruption of circadian rhythm has been linked to many
conditions such as obesity, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, cancer, and
neurodegenerative diseases. Studies in the mice showed that the disruption of the retinal
circadian rhythm increases the decline during the aging of photoreceptors, accelerating
age-related disruption of cone cell structure, function, and viability and that the
melatonin receptor deletion seems to influence the health of retinal cells, speeding up
their aging. In conclusion, preserving the circadian rhythms could be to add to the
prevention and treatment of age-related degenerative retinal diseases, and although
additional studies are needed, melatonin could be a valid support to favor this
“chronoprotection action”.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - C M Eandi
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.,Fondation Asile des Aveugles, Jules Gonin Eye Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Macula Onlus Foundation, Genoa, Italy
| | - M Figus
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, 9310University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - M Lupidi
- Macula Onlus Foundation, Genoa, Italy.,Eye Clinic, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - F Menchini
- Department of Medicine-Ophthalmology, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - M Nicolo'
- Macula Onlus Foundation, Genoa, Italy.,Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DiNOGMI), 9302University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, University Eye Clinic of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - V Parisi
- 61870IRCCS-Fondazione Bietti, Rome, Italy
| | - L Toto
- Ophthalmic Clinic, Department of Medicine and Science of Ageing, University "G. 9301d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - F Viola
- Foundation IRCCS Cà Grande Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 9304University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - S Vujosevic
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Eye Clinic, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
| | - G Querques
- Department of Ophthalmology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, University Vita-Salute, Milan, Italy
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15
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Kvetnoy I, Ivanov D, Mironova E, Evsyukova I, Nasyrov R, Kvetnaia T, Polyakova V. Melatonin as the Cornerstone of Neuroimmunoendocrinology. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031835. [PMID: 35163757 PMCID: PMC8836571 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Much attention has been recently drawn to studying melatonin – a hormone whose synthesis was first found in the epiphysis (pineal gland). This interest can be due to discovering the role of melatonin in numerous physiological processes. It was the discovery of melatonin synthesis in endocrine organs (pineal gland), neural structures (Purkinje cells in the cerebellum, retinal photoreceptors), and immunocompetent cells (T lymphocytes, NK cells, mast cells) that triggered the evolution of new approaches to the unifield signal regulation of homeostasis, which, at the turn of the 21st century, lead to the creation of a new integral biomedical discipline — neuroimmunoendocrinology. While numerous hormones have been verified over the last decade outside the “classical” locations of their formation, melatonin occupies an exclusive position with regard to the diversity of locations where it is synthesized and secreted. This review provides an overview and discussion of the major data regarding the role of melatonin in various physiological and pathological processes, which affords grounds for considering melatonin as the “cornerstone” on which neuroimmunoendocrinology has been built as an integral concept of homeostasis regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Kvetnoy
- Center of Molecular Biomedicine, Saint-Petersburg Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology, 191036 Saint-Petersburg, Russia;
- Department of Physiology and Department of Pathology, Saint-Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Dmitry Ivanov
- Department of Pathology, Saint-Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, 194100 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (D.I.); (R.N.); (V.P.)
| | - Ekaterina Mironova
- Center of Molecular Biomedicine, Saint-Petersburg Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology, 191036 Saint-Petersburg, Russia;
- Department of Biogerontology, Saint Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology, 197110 Saint-Petersburg, Russia;
- Correspondence:
| | - Inna Evsyukova
- Department of Perinatal Pathology, Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Ruslan Nasyrov
- Department of Pathology, Saint-Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, 194100 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (D.I.); (R.N.); (V.P.)
| | - Tatiana Kvetnaia
- Department of Biogerontology, Saint Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology, 197110 Saint-Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Victoria Polyakova
- Department of Pathology, Saint-Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, 194100 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (D.I.); (R.N.); (V.P.)
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16
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Melatonin secretion, molecular expression and evolution of MT1/2 in two Lasiopodomys species. Mamm Biol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s42991-021-00204-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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17
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Wang C, An Y, Xia Z, Zhou X, Li H, Song S, Ding L, Xia X. The neuroprotective effect of melatonin in glutamate excitotoxicity of R28 cells and mouse retinal ganglion cells. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:986131. [PMID: 36313740 PMCID: PMC9596792 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.986131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness. The progressive degeneration of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) is the major characteristic of glaucoma. Even though the control of intraocular pressure could delay the loss of RGCs, current clinical treatments cannot protect them directly. The overactivation of N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptors by excess glutamate (Glu) is among the important mechanisms of RGC death in glaucoma progression. Melatonin (MT) is an indole neuroendocrine hormone mainly secreted by the pineal gland. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect of MT on glutamate excitotoxicity of mouse RGCs and R28 cells. The Glu-induced R28 cell excitotoxicity model and NMDA-induced retinal injury model were established. MT was applied to R28 cells and the vitreous cavity of mice by intravitreal injection. Cell counting kit-8 assay and propidium iodide/Hoechst were performed to evaluate cell viability. Reactive oxygen species and glutathione synthesis assays were used to detect the oxidative stress state of R28 cells. Retina immunofluorescence and hematoxylin and eosin staining were applied to assess RGC counts and retinal structure. Flash visual-evoked potential was performed to evaluate visual function in mice. RNA sequencing of the retina was performed to explore the underlying mechanisms of MT protection. Our results found that MT treatment could successfully protect R28 cells from Glu excitotoxicity and decrease reactive oxygen species. Also, MT rescued RGCs from NMDA-induced injury and protected visual function in mice. This study enriches the indications of MT in the treatment of glaucoma, providing practical research ideas for its comprehensive prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- Eye Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yaqiong An
- Eye Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhaohua Xia
- Eye Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xuezhi Zhou
- Eye Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Haibo Li
- Eye Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shuang Song
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lexi Ding
- Eye Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaobo Xia, ; Lexi Ding,
| | - Xiaobo Xia
- Eye Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaobo Xia, ; Lexi Ding,
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18
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Vlasova AS, Petrov SA, Malishevskaya TN, Gubin DG, Kolomeychuk SN. The connection of polymorphism and diurnal changes of the biological clock gene expression with the risk of progression of primary open-angle glaucoma. RUSSIAN OPHTHALMOLOGICAL JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.21516/2072-0076-2021-14-4-38-45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this work is to study the connection betweengenetic factors (polymorphism and expression of key genes of the biological clock (KGBC), key genes controlled by KGBC, melatonin receptors) and the diurnal oscillation of melatonin in patients with stable and progressing primary open-angle glaucoma. Materials and methods. The study involved 115 patients aged 53–86 (averagely, 68.8 ± 7.9 years) with stable and progressive glaucoma. All patients underwent primary ophthalmological examination, tested for diurnal body temperature profile, intraocular pressure (IOP), melatonin (by the DLMO protocol) and were typed for key genes of the biological clock using the real-time polymerase chain reaction. We studied the sleep phase shift to later hours in carriers of the G-allele of the melatonin receptor gene during the progression of glaucoma. Results. The study of the clinical and genotypic features of the POAG course revealed phasal shifts of the circadian rhythms of body temperature, IOP, salivary melatonin levels and sleep phases which contributed to the progression of glaucomatous optic neuropathy. Certain polymorphic variants of genes contribute to individual frequent manifestations of desynchronosis. The clock rs1801260 and MTNR1B rs10830963 gene polymorphism was found to be related to disturbances in melatonin production and sleep phase. Conclusion. Complex manifestations of circadian desynchronization accompanying the progressive course of glaucoma are the late phase of rhythms and a decrease in sleep duration, body temperature, salivary melatonin and IOP, internal desynchronization between IOP and body temperature, IOP and sleep, evening dyslipidemia. The revealed patterns open up prospects for future studies of the relationship between polymorphism and daily changes of the expression of key genes in the biological clock with the risk of progression of primary open angle glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. S. Vlasova
- West Siberian Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education
| | - S. A. Petrov
- West Siberian Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education
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19
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Rodrigues AC, de M. Camargo LT, Francisco Lopes Y, Sallum LO, Napolitano HB, Camargo AJ. Aqueous solvation study of melatonin using ab initio molecular dynamics. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.117451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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20
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Bilbao-Malavé V, González-Zamora J, de la Puente M, Recalde S, Fernandez-Robredo P, Hernandez M, Layana AG, Saenz de Viteri M. Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Age Related Macular Degeneration, Role in Pathophysiology, and Possible New Therapeutic Strategies. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10081170. [PMID: 34439418 PMCID: PMC8388889 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10081170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Age related macular degeneration (AMD) is the main cause of legal blindness in developed countries. It is a multifactorial disease in which a combination of genetic and environmental factors contributes to increased risk of developing this vision-incapacitating condition. Oxidative stress plays a central role in the pathophysiology of AMD and recent publications have highlighted the importance of mitochondrial dysfunction and endoplasmic reticulum stress in this disease. Although treatment with vascular endothelium growth factor inhibitors have decreased the risk of blindness in patients with the exudative form of AMD, the search for new therapeutic options continues to prevent the loss of photoreceptors and retinal pigment epithelium cells, characteristic of late stage AMD. In this review, we explain how mitochondrial dysfunction and endoplasmic reticulum stress participate in AMD pathogenesis. We also discuss a role of several antioxidants (bile acids, resveratrol, melatonin, humanin, and coenzyme Q10) in amelioration of AMD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Bilbao-Malavé
- Department of Opthalmology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (V.B.-M.); (J.G.-Z.); (M.d.l.P.); (A.G.L.)
| | - Jorge González-Zamora
- Department of Opthalmology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (V.B.-M.); (J.G.-Z.); (M.d.l.P.); (A.G.L.)
| | - Miriam de la Puente
- Department of Opthalmology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (V.B.-M.); (J.G.-Z.); (M.d.l.P.); (A.G.L.)
| | - Sergio Recalde
- Retinal Pathologies and New Therapies Group, Experimental Ophthalmology Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (S.R.); (P.F.-R.); (M.H.)
- Navarra Institute for Health Research, IdiSNA, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en Salud: ‘Prevention, Early Detection, and Treatment of the Prevalent Degenerative and Chronic Ocular Pathology’ from (RD16/0008/0011), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Fernandez-Robredo
- Retinal Pathologies and New Therapies Group, Experimental Ophthalmology Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (S.R.); (P.F.-R.); (M.H.)
- Navarra Institute for Health Research, IdiSNA, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en Salud: ‘Prevention, Early Detection, and Treatment of the Prevalent Degenerative and Chronic Ocular Pathology’ from (RD16/0008/0011), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Hernandez
- Retinal Pathologies and New Therapies Group, Experimental Ophthalmology Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (S.R.); (P.F.-R.); (M.H.)
- Navarra Institute for Health Research, IdiSNA, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en Salud: ‘Prevention, Early Detection, and Treatment of the Prevalent Degenerative and Chronic Ocular Pathology’ from (RD16/0008/0011), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alfredo Garcia Layana
- Department of Opthalmology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (V.B.-M.); (J.G.-Z.); (M.d.l.P.); (A.G.L.)
- Retinal Pathologies and New Therapies Group, Experimental Ophthalmology Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (S.R.); (P.F.-R.); (M.H.)
- Navarra Institute for Health Research, IdiSNA, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en Salud: ‘Prevention, Early Detection, and Treatment of the Prevalent Degenerative and Chronic Ocular Pathology’ from (RD16/0008/0011), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Saenz de Viteri
- Department of Opthalmology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (V.B.-M.); (J.G.-Z.); (M.d.l.P.); (A.G.L.)
- Retinal Pathologies and New Therapies Group, Experimental Ophthalmology Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (S.R.); (P.F.-R.); (M.H.)
- Navarra Institute for Health Research, IdiSNA, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en Salud: ‘Prevention, Early Detection, and Treatment of the Prevalent Degenerative and Chronic Ocular Pathology’ from (RD16/0008/0011), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-948-255-400
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21
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Melhuish Beaupre LM, Brown GM, Gonçalves VF, Kennedy JL. Melatonin's neuroprotective role in mitochondria and its potential as a biomarker in aging, cognition and psychiatric disorders. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:339. [PMID: 34078880 PMCID: PMC8172874 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01464-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Melatonin is an ancient molecule that is evident in high concentrations in various tissues throughout the body. It can be separated into two pools; one of which is synthesized by the pineal and can be found in blood, and the second by various tissues and is present in these tissues. Pineal melatonin levels display a circadian rhythm while tissue melatonin does not. For decades now, melatonin has been implicated in promoting and maintaining sleep. More recently, evidence indicates that it also plays an important role in neuroprotection. The beginning of our review will summarize this literature. As an amphiphilic, pleiotropic indoleamine, melatonin has both direct actions and receptor-mediated effects. For example, melatonin has established effects as an antioxidant and free radical scavenger both in vitro and in animal models. This is also evident in melatonin's prominent role in mitochondria, which is reviewed in the next section. Melatonin is synthesized in, taken up by, and concentrated in mitochondria, the powerhouse of the cell. Mitochondria are also the major source of reactive oxygen species as a byproduct of mitochondrial oxidative metabolism. The final section of our review summarizes melatonin's potential role in aging and psychiatric disorders. Pineal and tissue melatonin levels both decline with age. Pineal melatonin declines in individuals suffering from psychiatric disorders. Melatonin's ability to act as a neuroprotectant opens new avenues of exploration for the molecule as it may be a potential treatment for cases with neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay M Melhuish Beaupre
- Molecular Brain Science Research Department, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Gregory M Brown
- Molecular Brain Science Research Department, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Vanessa F Gonçalves
- Molecular Brain Science Research Department, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - James L Kennedy
- Molecular Brain Science Research Department, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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22
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Shahriari M, Mehrzadi S, Naseripour M, Fatemi I, Hosseinzadeh A, Kanavi MR, Ghaznavi H. Beneficial Effects of Melatonin and Atorvastatin on Retinopathy in Streptozocin-induced Diabetic Rats. CURRENT DRUG THERAPY 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1574885514666191204104925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Objective:
The present study was designed to evaluate the effects of Atorvastatin (ATO)
plus Melatonin (MEL) on streptozocin-induced Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) in rats.
Methods:
Diabetes was induced in Wistar rats with an intraperitoneal injection of streptozocin
(50 mg/kg). Animals were randomly assigned to one of the following groups (8 rats/group): Control
group, Diabetic group, Diabetic + MEL group (20 mg/kg/day), Diabetic + ATO group (10
mg/kg/day), Diabetic + MEL + ATO group (as above). Treatments were started one week after
induction of diabetes and continued for 7 weeks. At the end of the experiment, angiography was
performed and the rats were killed and retinas were harvested for pathological and molecular examinations.
Results:
Administration of MEL reduced the fluorescein leakage, MDA and ROS levels compared
to diabetic group. Treatment with ATO only reduced ROS levels compared to diabetic group. In
addition, administration of ATO plus MEL decreased these indices compared to the diabetic and
ATO groups. Histologically, retinal vascular congestion was not observed in the combined ATO
and MEL group as compared to the diabetic, ATO, and MEL groups.
Conclusion:
These data provide evidence for the therapeutic value of MEL in combination with
ATO in clinical practice for prevention of DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansoor Shahriari
- Ophthalmic Research Center, Imam Hossein Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Mehrzadi
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masood Naseripour
- Eye Research Center, Rassoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Iman Fatemi
- Research Center for Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Azam Hosseinzadeh
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mozhgan Rezaei Kanavi
- Ocular Tissue Engineering Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Habib Ghaznavi
- Department of Pharmacology, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
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23
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Bhatwadekar AD, Rameswara V. Circadian rhythms in diabetic retinopathy: an overview of pathogenesis and investigational drugs. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2020; 29:1431-1442. [PMID: 33107770 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2020.1842872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Circadian rhythm is a natural endogenous process occurring roughly every 24 hours. Circadian rhythm dysfunction is involved in diabetic retinopathy (DR) pathogenesis. Interestingly, there are investigational drugs that exhibit potential in the treatment of DR by targeting circadian rhythm dysfunction. AREAS COVERED We performed a literature search in June 2020 using PubMed's Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) terms 'circadian clock,' 'circadian rhythms,' and 'diabetic retinopathy.' This article offers an overview of the physiology of the biological clock and clock regulatory genes and presents an examination of the retinal clock. It discusses the pathogenic mechanisms of DR and emphasizes how circadian rhythm dysfunction at structural, physiological, metabolic and cellular levels, plays a critical role in the development of DR. The latter part of the paper sheds light on those investigational drugs (such as melatonin, tasimelteon and metformin) which exhibit potential in the treatment of DR by the targeting of circadian rhythm dysfunction. EXPERT OPINION An enhanced understanding of circadian rhythm and its role in DR could offer therapeutic potential by targeting of circadian rhythm dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashay D Bhatwadekar
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eugene and Marilyn Glick Eye Institute , Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Varun Rameswara
- Indiana University School of Medicine. Indiana University , Indianapolis, IN, USA
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24
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Oh A, Foster ML, Lunn KF, Mowat FM. Circulating neurohormone imbalances in canine sudden acquired retinal degeneration syndrome and canine pituitary-dependent hypercortisolism. J Vet Intern Med 2019; 33:2587-2594. [PMID: 31660652 PMCID: PMC6872621 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sudden acquired retinal degeneration syndrome (SARDS) has clinical similarity to pituitary-dependent hypercortisolism (PDH) in dogs. Some studies have identified a greater frequency of SARDS in seasons with reduced daylight hours. Neurohormone imbalances contribute to retinal lesions in other species, warranting further study in dogs with SARDS. HYPOTHESIS Dysregulation of circulating melatonin concentration is present in dogs with SARDS but not in dogs with PDH. ANIMALS Fifteen client-owned dogs with spontaneous SARDS (median time of vision loss 18 days), 14 normal dogs, and 13 dogs with confirmed PDH. PROCEDURES Prospective case-control study. ELISA on samples (obtained in the morning) for measurement of plasma melatonin and dopamine, serum serotonin, urine 6-sulfatoxymelatonin (MT6s), and creatinine. Statistical analysis was performed using 1-way ANOVA, Spearman correlation and receiver operator characteristic area under the curve analysis. RESULTS There were no significant differences in circulating melatonin, serotonin or dopamine concentrations between the 3 groups, although the study was underpowered for detection of significant differences in serum serotonin. Urine MT6s:creatinine ratio was significantly higher in dogs with PDH (4.08 ± 2.15 urine [MT6s] ng/mL per mg of urine creatinine) compared with dogs with SARDS (2.37 ± .51, P < .01), but not compared with normal dogs. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE We have identified neurohormone differences between dogs with SARDS and PDH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie Oh
- Department of Clinical SciencesNorth Carolina State University College of Veterinary MedicineRaleighNorth Carolina
| | - Melanie L. Foster
- Department of Clinical SciencesNorth Carolina State University College of Veterinary MedicineRaleighNorth Carolina
| | - Katharine F. Lunn
- Department of Clinical SciencesNorth Carolina State University College of Veterinary MedicineRaleighNorth Carolina
| | - Freya M. Mowat
- Department of Clinical SciencesNorth Carolina State University College of Veterinary MedicineRaleighNorth Carolina
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25
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Mariano S, Pardo M, Buccheri C, Illiano P, Adinolfi A, Lo Russo SLM, Alleva E, Carbone C, Adriani W. Own or dam's genotype? Classical colony breeding may bias spontaneous and stress-challenged activity in DAT-mutant rats. Dev Psychobiol 2019; 62:505-518. [PMID: 31599465 DOI: 10.1002/dev.21927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
There is considerable interest in understanding what makes an individual vulnerable or resilient to the deleterious effects of stressful events. From candidate genes, dopamine (DA) and dopamine transporter (DAT) have been linked to anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder. We investigated role of DAT using the new DAT heterozygous (DAT-HET) and homozygous mutant (DAT-KO) rat models of hyperdopaminergia. We studied the impact of two breeding conditions in spontaneous locomotor behavior of female rats. The classical colony, through mating DAT-HET males × DAT-HET females (breeding HET-HET), was used. A second WT colony was derived and maintained (breeding WT-WT). Additionally, a subgroup of rats was bred through mating DAT-KO males × WT females (atypical HET, breeding KO-WT). We studied the effects of genotype and its interaction with maternal care (depending by breeding condition). HET-HET breeding led to reduced activity in HET females compared to WT rats (from WT-WT breeding). However, HET females from KO-WT breeding did not differ so much from WT rats (WT-WT breeding). The maternal-care impact was then confirmed: HET mothers (breeding HET-HET) showed reduced liking/grooming of pups and increased digging away from nest, compared to WT mothers (breeding WT-WT). In their female offspring (HET, breeding HET-HET vs. WT, breeding WT-WT), isolation plus wet bedding induced higher and more persistent impact on activity of HET rats, even when the stressor was removed. Our results highlight the importance of epigenetic factors (e.g., maternal care) in responses to stress expressed by offspring at adulthood, quite independently of genotype. DAT hypofunction could determinate vulnerability to stressful agents via altered maternal care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Mariano
- Center for Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità (I.S.S.), Rome, Italy.,Faculty of Psychology, Università Telematica Internazionale Uninettuno (U.T.I.U.), Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Pardo
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Clelia Buccheri
- Center for Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità (I.S.S.), Rome, Italy
| | - Placido Illiano
- Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Annalisa Adinolfi
- Center for Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità (I.S.S.), Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Lucia M Lo Russo
- Center for Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità (I.S.S.), Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Alleva
- Center for Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità (I.S.S.), Rome, Italy
| | - Cristiana Carbone
- Center for Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità (I.S.S.), Rome, Italy
| | - Walter Adriani
- Center for Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità (I.S.S.), Rome, Italy.,Faculty of Psychology, Università Telematica Internazionale Uninettuno (U.T.I.U.), Rome, Italy
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26
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Alkozi HA, Navarro G, Franco R, Pintor J. Melatonin and the control of intraocular pressure. Prog Retin Eye Res 2019; 75:100798. [PMID: 31560946 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2019.100798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin is not only synthesized by the pineal gland but by several ocular structures. This natural indoleamine is of great importance for regulating several eye processes, among which pressure homeostasis is included. Glaucoma, the most prevalent eye disease, also known as the silent thief of vision, is a multifactorial pathology that is associated to age and, often, to intraocular hypertension (IOP). Indeed IOP is the only modifiable risk factor and as such medications are available to control it; however, novel medications are sought to minimize undesirable side effects. Melatonin and analogues decrease IOP in both normotensive and hypertensive eyes. Melatonin activates its cognate membrane receptors, MT1 and MT2, which are present in numerous ocular tissues, including the aqueous-humor-producing ciliary processes. Melatonin receptors belong to the superfamily of G-protein-coupled receptors and their activation would lead to different signalling pathways depending on the tissue. This review describes the molecular mechanisms underlying differential functionalities that are attributed to melatonin receptors. Accordingly, the current work highlights the important role of melatonin and its analogues in the healthy and in the glaucomatous eyes, with special attention to the control of intraocular pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan Awad Alkozi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gemma Navarro
- Centro de Investigación en Red, Enfermedades Neurodegeneratives (CiberNed), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Sinesio Delgado 6, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Avda. Juan XXIII, 27, 08027, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael Franco
- Centro de Investigación en Red, Enfermedades Neurodegeneratives (CiberNed), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Sinesio Delgado 6, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, School of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Jesus Pintor
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Real Academia Nacional de Farmacia, Calle Farmacia 11, 28004, Madrid, Spain.
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27
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Verra DM, Sajdak BS, Merriman DK, Hicks D. Diurnal rodents as pertinent animal models of human retinal physiology and pathology. Prog Retin Eye Res 2019; 74:100776. [PMID: 31499165 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2019.100776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This presentation will survey the retinal architecture, advantages, and limitations of several lesser-known rodent species that provide a useful diurnal complement to rats and mice. These diurnal rodents also possess unusually cone-rich photoreceptor mosaics that facilitate the study of cone cells and pathways. Species to be presented include principally the Sudanian Unstriped Grass Rat and Nile Rat (Arvicanthis spp.), the Fat Sand Rat (Psammomys obesus), the degu (Octodon degus) and the 13-lined ground squirrel (Ictidomys tridecemlineatus). The retina and optic nerve in several of these species demonstrate unusual resilience in the face of neuronal injury, itself an interesting phenomenon with potential translational value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela M Verra
- Department of Neurobiology of Rhythms, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives (INCI), CNRS UPR 3212, Strasbourg, France
| | | | - Dana K Merriman
- Department of Biology, University of Wisconsin Oshkosh, Oshkosh, WI, USA
| | - David Hicks
- Department of Neurobiology of Rhythms, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives (INCI), CNRS UPR 3212, Strasbourg, France.
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28
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Yue L, Qin X, Liu X, Wang Z, Dong Y, Chen Y, Cao J. Melatonin Receptor Mel1b- and Mel1c-mediated Green Light Induced the Secretion of Growth Hormone in Anterior Pituitary of Chicks. Photochem Photobiol 2019; 95:1387-1394. [PMID: 31111492 DOI: 10.1111/php.13127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have found that melatonin was related to the growth and development in avian. Therefore, the newly hatched broilers were exposed to colors of light to establish a model of pinealectomy and explored the mechanism of pineal melatonin promoting growth hormone (GH) secretion. The results showed that green light (GL) promoted the levels of GH, pituitary-specific transcription factor-1 (Pit-1) genes and proteins in pituitary. Moreover, the mRNA and protein levels of melatonin receptor subtypes Mel1b and Mel1c in the pituitary in GL were higher than other monochromatic light groups. After pinealectomy, the expression of Pit-1, GH, Mel1b and Mel1c in pituitary decreased. In vitro, exogenous melatonin promoted the level of Pit-1 mRNA and the secretion of GH in anterior pituitary cells. However, when melatonin was added with exogenous selective Mel1b antagonist (4-phenyl-2-propionamideotetralin) and selective Mel1c antagonist (prazosin), the level of Pit-1 mRNA and the GH secretion decreased. When selective Mel1b and Mel1c antagonists were added simultaneously, the decrease in Pit-1 mRNA and GH secretion was more significant. These results indicated that pineal melatonin promotes the expression of Pit-1 under GL by binding to melatonin receptor subtypes Mel1b and Mel1c in the pituitary, thereby increasing GH secretion and promoting the growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Yue
- Laboratory of Anatomy of Domestic Animals, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Haidian, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojing Qin
- Laboratory of Anatomy of Domestic Animals, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Haidian, Beijing, China
| | - Xinfeng Liu
- Laboratory of Anatomy of Domestic Animals, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Haidian, Beijing, China
| | - Zixu Wang
- Laboratory of Anatomy of Domestic Animals, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Haidian, Beijing, China
| | - Yulan Dong
- Laboratory of Anatomy of Domestic Animals, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Haidian, Beijing, China
| | - Yaoxing Chen
- Laboratory of Anatomy of Domestic Animals, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Haidian, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Cao
- Laboratory of Anatomy of Domestic Animals, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Haidian, Beijing, China
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29
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Jiao X, Wu M, Lu D, Gu J, Li Z. Transcriptional Profiling of Daily Patterns of mRNA Expression in the C57BL/6J Mouse Cornea. Curr Eye Res 2019; 44:1054-1066. [PMID: 31136724 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2019.1625408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine how the transcriptome of the murine cornea adapts to diurnal changes in physiology. Methods: C57BL/6J mice were maintained under a 12-h light/12-h dark (LD) cycle for two weeks. Corneas were collected from euthanized mice at Zeitgeber time (ZT) 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, and 21. Total RNA was extracted and subjected to RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq). A JTK_CYCLE algoithm and other software tools were used to analyze the transcriptional data to determine the periodicity, rhythmicity, and amplitude of the transcripts. Gene Ontology (GO) and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) were used to analyze the enrichment of cycling transcripts. Results: Approximately 24% of the total transcripts from the murine corneal genome were rhythmically expressed over an LD cycle. GO analysis showed that these cycling genes are primarily involved in cellular and metabolic processes. A KEGG pathway analysis identified 6 branches and 44 pathways that encode the gene outputs necessary for basic cellular functions and processes. More importantly, most of the rhythmic genes between the day and night are enriched in their own unique pathways in addition to some common pathways. Furthermore, most of the rhythmic gene expression was concentrated in the 12-h and 24-h periods. A comparative analysis of GO and KEGG showed large differences in metabolic processes, but not cellular processes. Finally, the murine cornea also rhythmically expressed 11 canonical components of circadian clock genes over an LD cycle at the transcriptional level. Conclusions: One fourth of the corneal transcriptome follows a rhythmic expression pattern involved in basic molecular and cellular mechanisms. This implies that the time of day contributes significantly to the overall temporal organization of the corneal transcriptome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinwei Jiao
- Henan Provincial People's Hospital and People's Hospital of Henan University, Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital , Zhengzhou , China
| | - Mingjuan Wu
- International Ocular Surface Research Center and Institute of Ophthalmology, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Jinan University Medical School , Guangzhou , China
| | - Dingli Lu
- Henan Provincial People's Hospital and People's Hospital of Henan University, Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital , Zhengzhou , China
| | - Jianqin Gu
- Henan Provincial People's Hospital and People's Hospital of Henan University, Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital , Zhengzhou , China
| | - Zhijie Li
- Henan Provincial People's Hospital and People's Hospital of Henan University, Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital , Zhengzhou , China.,International Ocular Surface Research Center and Institute of Ophthalmology, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Jinan University Medical School , Guangzhou , China
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30
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Matsuda K, Park K. Recent trend of increasing myopia can be traced to infancy. Med Hypotheses 2019; 128:78-82. [PMID: 31203915 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2019.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, a trend has been noted for increasing numbers of myopia cases found globally, which could potentially be indicative of a bigger problem. However, the cause of this trend remains unknown and in addition, we have yet to be able to establish a reliable method for preventing the onset of myopia. Furthermore, previous myopia studies have not paid adequate attention to hyperopia. That is to say, it has been suggested that the development of refraction in infancy and the onset of myopia are distinct from emmetropization. However, myopia studies also need to focus on the development of refraction in infancy, which involves hyperopia. Based on this viewpoint, our new hypothesis is that the trend towards myopia is associated with changes during the infancy period. The supporting evidence for these changes can be found in four areas, epidemiology of hyperopia, relationship with body height, incidence of esotropia, and birth month research. If this hypothesis is true, we need to investigate why there has been a decrease in hyperopia patients rather than why there has been an increase in myopia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Keunsik Park
- Department of Medical Informatics, Osaka City University Hospital, Osaka, Osaka, Japan
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31
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Felder-Schmittbuhl MP, Buhr ED, Dkhissi-Benyahya O, Hicks D, Peirson SN, Ribelayga CP, Sandu C, Spessert R, Tosini G. Ocular Clocks: Adapting Mechanisms for Eye Functions and Health. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2019; 59:4856-4870. [PMID: 30347082 PMCID: PMC6181243 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.18-24957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vision is a highly rhythmic function adapted to the extensive changes in light intensity occurring over the 24-hour day. This adaptation relies on rhythms in cellular and molecular processes, which are orchestrated by a network of circadian clocks located within the retina and in the eye, synchronized to the day/night cycle and which, together, fine-tune detection and processing of light information over the 24-hour period and ensure retinal homeostasis. Systematic or high throughput studies revealed a series of genes rhythmically expressed in the retina, pointing at specific functions or pathways under circadian control. Conversely, knockout studies demonstrated that the circadian clock regulates retinal processing of light information. In addition, recent data revealed that it also plays a role in development as well as in aging of the retina. Regarding synchronization by the light/dark cycle, the retina displays the unique property of bringing together light sensitivity, clock machinery, and a wide range of rhythmic outputs. Melatonin and dopamine play a particular role in this system, being both outputs and inputs for clocks. The retinal cellular complexity suggests that mechanisms of regulation by light are diverse and intricate. In the context of the whole eye, the retina looks like a major determinant of phase resetting for other tissues such as the retinal pigmented epithelium or cornea. Understanding the pathways linking the cell-specific molecular machineries to their cognate outputs will be one of the major challenges for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Paule Felder-Schmittbuhl
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives (UPR 3212), Strasbourg, France
| | - Ethan D Buhr
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington Medical School, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Ouria Dkhissi-Benyahya
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute U1208, Bron, France
| | - David Hicks
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives (UPR 3212), Strasbourg, France
| | - Stuart N Peirson
- Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute (SCNi), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Christophe P Ribelayga
- Ruiz Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Cristina Sandu
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives (UPR 3212), Strasbourg, France
| | - Rainer Spessert
- Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Gianluca Tosini
- Neuroscience Institute and Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
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Faghihi H, Rajaei SM, Ansari Mood M, Williams DL. Pilot evaluation of the circadian rhythm of tear production in a population of healthy adult cats. Vet Ophthalmol 2019; 22:916-920. [PMID: 30997732 DOI: 10.1111/vop.12673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to determine if a circadian rhythm exists in Schirmer's tear test (STT-1) values in a group of healthy adult cats. ANIMALS STUDIED Twenty adult neutered Domestic Short-haired cats (DSH) were used in the study. PROCEDURES Tear production was measured with the Schirmer tear test (STT-1) at 12 different time points over a 48-hour period. RESULTS A significant difference (approximately 4.3 mm/min) was noted between STT-1 values measured between 4 pm (lowest) and 12 am (highest) on both day 1 (P = 0.02) and day 2 (P = 0.01), and substantial variation in STT-1 values was observed at different times during the 48-hour period. CONCLUSIONS Significant variation in mean STT-1 values demonstrates that there is a circadian rhythm in tear production in cats and thus shows the importance of taking the time of day into account when measuring STT-1 in cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houman Faghihi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Specialized Veterinary Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.,Ophthalmology Section, Negah Veterinary Centre, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mehdi Rajaei
- Ophthalmology Section, Negah Veterinary Centre, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Alborz, Iran
| | - Manely Ansari Mood
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Specialized Veterinary Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - David L Williams
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Melatonin Levels in Patients With Primary Open-angle Glaucoma With High or Low Intraocular Pressure. J Glaucoma 2019; 28:154-160. [DOI: 10.1097/ijg.0000000000001130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Hsiao YT, Chang WA, Kuo MT, Lo J, Lin HC, Yen MC, Jian SF, Chen YJ, Kuo PL. Systematic Analysis of Transcriptomic Profile of the Effects of Low Dose Atropine Treatment on Scleral Fibroblasts using Next-Generation Sequencing and Bioinformatics. Int J Med Sci 2019; 16:1652-1667. [PMID: 31839753 PMCID: PMC6909806 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.38571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This study has two novel findings: it is not only the first to deduct potential genes involved in scleral growth repression upon atropine instillation from a prevention point of view, but also the first to demonstrate that only slight changes in scleral gene expression were found after atropine treatment as side effects and safety reasons of the eye drops are of concern. The sclera determines the final ocular shape and size, constituting of scleral fibroblasts as the principal cell type and the major regulator of extracellular matrix. The aim of our study was to identify differentially expressed genes and microRNA regulations in atropine-treated scleral fibroblasts that are potentially involved in preventing the onset of excessive ocular growth using next-generation sequencing and bioinformatics approaches. Differentially expressed genes were functionally enriched in anti-remodeling effects, comprising of structural changes of extracellular matrix and metabolic pathways involving cell differentiation. Significant canonical pathways were correlated to inhibition of melatonin degradation, which was compatible with our clinical practice as atropine eye drops are instilled at night. Validation of the dysregulated genes with previous eye growth-related arrays and through microRNA-mRNA interaction predictions revealed the association of hsa-miR-2682-5p-KCNJ5 and hsa-miR-2682-5p-PRLR with scleral anti-remodeling and circadian rhythmicity. Our findings present new insights into understanding the anti-myopic effects of atropine, which may assist in prevention of myopia development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ting Hsiao
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Wei-An Chang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Tse Kuo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Jung Lo
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Chung Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Chi Yen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.,Department of Emergency Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Fang Jian
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jen Chen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Po-Lin Kuo
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.,Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
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Melatonin as the Possible Link Between Age-Related Retinal Regeneration and the Disrupted Circadian Rhythm in Elderly. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1185:45-49. [PMID: 31884587 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-27378-1_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The association between age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and biological rhythms has been insufficiently studied; however there are several reasons to believe that impairment in circadian rhythm may affect incidence and pathogenesis of AMD. The current understanding of AMD pathology is based on age-related, cumulative oxidative damage to the retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE) partially due to impaired clearance of phagocytosed photoreceptor outer segments. In higher vertebrates, phagocytosis of the outer segments is synchronized by circadian rhythms and occurs shortly after dawn, followed by lysosomal-mediated clearance. Aging has been shown to be associated with the changes in circadian rhythmicity of melatonin production, which can be a major factor contributing to the impaired balance between phagocytosis and clearance and increased levels of reactive oxygen species resulting in degenerative changes in the retina. This minireview summarizes studies linking AMD with melatonin production and discusses challenges and perspectives of this area of research.
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Piano I, Baba K, Claudia Gargini, Tosini G. Heteromeric MT 1/MT 2 melatonin receptors modulate the scotopic electroretinogram via PKCζ in mice. Exp Eye Res 2018; 177:50-54. [PMID: 30059666 PMCID: PMC6261696 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2018.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin plays an important role in the regulation of retinal functions, and previous studies have also reported that the action of melatonin on photoreceptors is mediated by melatonin receptor heterodimers. Furthermore, it has been reported that the melatonin-induced increase in the amplitude of the a- and b-wave is significantly blunted by inhibition of PKC. Previous work has also shown that PKCζ is present in the photoreceptors, thus suggesting that PCKζ may be implicated in the modulation of melatonin signaling in photoreceptors. To investigate the role PKCζ plays in the modulation of the melatonin effect on the scotopic ERG, mice were injected with melatonin and with specific inhibitors of different PKC isoforms. PKCζ knockout mice were also used in this study. PKCζ activation in photoreceptors following melatonin injection was also investigated with immunocytochemistry. Inhibition of PKCζ by PKCζ-pseudosubstrate inhibitor (20 μM) significantly reduced the melatonin-induced increase in the amplitude of the a- and b-wave. To further investigate the role of different PKCs in the modulation of the ERGs, we tested whether intra-vitreal injection of Enzastaurin (a potent inhibitor of PCKα, PKCβ, PKCγ, and PKCε) has any effect on the melatonin-induced increase in the a- and b-wave of the scotopic ERGs. Enzastaurin (100 nM) did not prevent the melatonin-induced increase in the amplitude of the a-wave, thus suggesting that PCKα, PKCβ, PKCγ, and PKCε are not involved in this phenomenon. Finally, our data indicated that, in mice lacking PKCζ, melatonin injection failed to increase the amplitude of the a- and b-waves of the scotopic ERGs. An increase in PKCζ phosphorylation in the photoreceptors was also observed by immunocytochemistry. Our data indicate that melatonin signaling does indeed use the PKCζ pathway to increase the amplitude of the a- and b-wave of the scotopic ERG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Piano
- Neuroscience Institute, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Dipartimento di Farmacia, Universita di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Kenkichi Baba
- Neuroscience Institute, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Gianluca Tosini
- Neuroscience Institute, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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Ba-Ali S, Brøndsted AE, Andersen HU, Sander B, Jennum PJ, Lund-Andersen H. Assessment of diurnal melatonin, cortisol, activity, and sleep-wake cycle in patients with and without diabetic retinopathy. Sleep Med 2018; 54:35-42. [PMID: 30529775 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2018.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the diurnal melatonin, cortisol, and activity/rest levels, as well as sleep quality, in patients with and without nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (DR). METHODS We included 25 diabetic patients with DR and 29 without DR. A total of 21 healthy subjects constituted the control group. We assessed the circadian rhythm by actigraphy and diurnal salivary melatonin and cortisol measurements. Sleep quality was evaluated by actigraphy and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) questionnaires. Light exposure was quantified by actigraphy. The primary outcome was peak salivary melatonin level. Secondary outcomes were mean melatonin and cortisol levels during dark hours, activity-rest rhythm, sleep quality, as well as level of white, red, green, and blue light exposure. RESULTS Peak melatonin concentration at 04:00 and mean nocturnal melatonin level were significantly reduced in all diabetic patients, regardless of retinopathy stage (p < 0.001). Levels of light exposures during dark hours were not significantly different in patients with and without DR and healthy controls. Only patients with DR showed increased intradaily variability in their activity-rest interval, indicating circadian misalignment (p = 0.04). Neither the objective actigraphic sleep quality parameters nor the subjective PSQI or ESS scores were significantly different between healthy controls and diabetic patients. CONCLUSIONS Reduced nocturnal melatonin concentration and increased fragmentation of activity-rest intervals revealed circadian rhythm disturbance in diabetic patients with DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shakoor Ba-Ali
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | | | | | - Birgit Sander
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Poul Jørgen Jennum
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Danish Centre for Sleep Medicine, Neurophysiology Clinic, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Henrik Lund-Andersen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Mehrzadi S, Motevalian M, Rezaei Kanavi M, Fatemi I, Ghaznavi H, Shahriari M. Protective effect of melatonin in the diabetic rat retina. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2018; 32:414-421. [PMID: 29495082 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the most common and serious microvascular complications of diabetes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of melatonin (MEL) on retinal injury in diabetic rats. In this study, 21 rats were randomly divided into three groups: control, diabetic, and diabetic + MEL. Streptozotocin was used to induce diabetes at a dose of 50 mg/kg, i.p., and blood glucose was measured to choose the diabetic rats for the study. MEL (20 mg/kg) was given orally for 7 weeks in diabetic rats starting 1 week after induction of diabetes. After 8 weeks, the groups were compared in terms of mean scores of fluorescein leakage, using fluorescein angiography. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were estimated in retina using commercially available assays. Structural changes in retinas were evaluated by light microscopy. Results showed that diabetes significantly increased the mean scores of fluorescein leakage, and MDA and ROS levels compared to control group. Treatment of the diabetic rats with MEL for 7 weeks prevented the alterations induced by diabetes in comparison with the diabetic control group.Based on these findings, it can be concluded that MEL might have beneficial effects in prevention of DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Mehrzadi
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 8813457776, Iran
| | - Manijeh Motevalian
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 8813457776, Iran
| | - Mozhgan Rezaei Kanavi
- Ocular Tissue Engineering Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 8812519894, Iran
| | - Iman Fatemi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, 7719617996, Iran.,Physiology-Pharmacology Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, 7719617996, Iran
| | - Habib Ghaznavi
- Department of Pharmacology, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, 4537619851, Iran
| | - Mansoor Shahriari
- Ophthalmic Research Center, Imam Hossein Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 8814523979, Iran
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Andrés-Guerrero V, Bravo-Osuna I, Pastoriza P, Molina-Martinez IT, Herrero-Vanrell R. Novel technologies for the delivery of ocular therapeutics in glaucoma. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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40
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Laurent V, Sengupta A, Sánchez-Bretaño A, Hicks D, Tosini G. Melatonin signaling affects the timing in the daily rhythm of phagocytic activity by the retinal pigment epithelium. Exp Eye Res 2017; 165:90-95. [PMID: 28941766 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2017.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Earlier studies in Xenopus have indicated a role for melatonin in the regulation of retinal disk shedding, but the role of melatonin in the regulation of daily rhythm in mammalian disk shedding and phagocytosis is still unclear. We recently produced a series of transgenic mice lacking melatonin receptor type 1 (MT1) or type 2 (MT2) in a melatonin-proficient background and have shown that removal of MT1 and MT2 receptors induces significant effects on daily and circadian regulation of the electroretinogram as well as on the viability of photoreceptor cells during aging. In this study we investigated the daily rhythm of phagocytic activity by the retinal pigment epithelium in MT1 and MT2 knock-out mice. Our data indicate that in MT1 and MT2 knock-out mice the peak of phagocytosis is advanced by 3 h with respect to wild-type mice and occurred in dark rather than after the onset of light, albeit the mean phagocytic activity over the 24-h period did not change among the three genotypes. Nevertheless, this small change in the profile of daily phagocytic rhythms may produce a significant effect on retinal health since MT1 and MT2 knock-out mice showed a significant increase in lipofuscin accumulation in the retinal pigment epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virgine Laurent
- Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives (INCI), CNRS UPR3212, 5 rue Blaise Pascal, 67084 Strasbourg, France
| | - Anamika Sengupta
- Neuroscience Institute, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, USA
| | - Aída Sánchez-Bretaño
- Neuroscience Institute, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, USA
| | - David Hicks
- Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives (INCI), CNRS UPR3212, 5 rue Blaise Pascal, 67084 Strasbourg, France
| | - Gianluca Tosini
- Neuroscience Institute, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, USA.
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41
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Bardak H, Uğuz AC, Bardak Y. Protective effects of melatonin and memantine in human retinal pigment epithelium (ARPE-19) cells against 2-ethylpyridine-induced oxidative stress: implications for age-related macular degeneration. Cutan Ocul Toxicol 2017; 37:112-120. [PMID: 28707481 DOI: 10.1080/15569527.2017.1354218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the possible protective effects of melatonin and memantine (MMT) against 2-ethylpyridine (2-EP)-induced oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in human RPE (ARPE-19) cells in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS The ARPE-19 cells were divided into seven groups. Oxidative stress was triggered by incubating the ARPE-19 cells with 30 μM of 2-EP for 24 h. Then, 200 μM of melatonin was administered over three days and 20 μM of MMT over six hours prior to the experiment. The effects of melatonin and MMT on the intracellular calcium release mechanism, reactive oxygen species production, caspase-3 and caspase-9 activities, as well as vascular endothelial growth factor levels were measured. RESULTS Melatonin and MMT were found to significantly decrease apoptosis levels. The intracellular calcium release was regulated by both melatonin and MMT. Further, melatonin and MMT significantly decreased both caspase-3 and caspase-9 activities, as well as pro-caspase and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase expression, in ARPE-19 cells. Moreover, melatonin significantly increased the protective effect of MMT. The combination of melatonin and MMT significantly decreased 2-EP-induced oxidative toxicity and apoptosis by inhibiting the intracellular reactive oxygen species production and mitochondrial depolarization levels. CONCLUSIONS These notable findings are the first to demonstrate the synergistic protective effects of melatonin and MMT against 2-EP-induced oxidative stress in ARPE-19 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Handan Bardak
- a Department of Ophthalmology , Haydarpasa Numune Research and Training Hospital , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Abdülhadi Cihangir Uğuz
- b Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine , Süleyman Demirel University , Isparta , Turkey.,c Neuroscience Research Center , Süleyman Demirel University , Isparta , Turkey
| | - Yavuz Bardak
- a Department of Ophthalmology , Haydarpasa Numune Research and Training Hospital , Istanbul , Turkey
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Sripathi SR, Prigge CL, Elledge B, He W, Offor J, Gutsaeva DR, Jahng WJ. Melatonin Modulates Prohibitin and Cytoskeleton in the Retinal Pigment Epithelium. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 8:502-506. [PMID: 28845390 DOI: 10.14299/ijser.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) plays imperative roles in normal retinal function by photoreceptor protection from light and phagocytosis of rod and cone outer segments during disc shedding. Melatonin is the free radical scavenger and circadian determinant to protect the RPE and retina from oxidative stress and regulate the circadian clock. The current study tested the hypothesis whether melatonin could affect cytoskeletal structure within RPE. Our Western blot analysis demonstrated that melatonin treatment up-regulated prohibitin 3-fold compared to control. β-tubulin levels were also up-regulated by melatonin but to a lesser extent. Initial cell shape of ARPE-19 is epitheloid, however, after 30-minute treatment with melatonin, RPE cells undergo a morphological change to a fusiform shape with spindle outgrowth. Cells return to epitheloid shape after 12 hours in untreated medium. Melatonin treated cells showed increased and dissimilar distribution of prohibitin and β-tubulin compared to non-treated cells, thus altered cytoskeletal and mitochondrial structure in the RPE. Our data implies that melatonin may play a protective role under oxidative stress, which is shown by the marker prohibitin in terms of increased expression and nuclear distribution. During the protective process, cells change their morphology. Our results suggest that melatonin treatment could be beneficial to protect mitochondria under oxidative stress and treat certain ocular diseases, including age-related macular degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivas R Sripathi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Cameron L Prigge
- Department of Biological Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA.,Department of Neurobiology, Duke University, North Carolina, USA
| | - Beth Elledge
- Department of Biological Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA
| | - Weilue He
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA
| | - Johnpaul Offor
- Department of Natural and Environmental Sciences, American University of Nigeria, Yola, Nigeria
| | - Diana R Gutsaeva
- Department of Ophtalmology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Wan Jin Jahng
- Department of Petroleum Chemistry, American University of Nigeria, Yola, Nigeria
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Willis GL, Freelance CB. Neurochemical Systems of the Retina Involved in the Control of Movement. Front Neurol 2017; 8:324. [PMID: 28725212 PMCID: PMC5497141 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2017.00324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have revealed that the retina may exert control over deep brain function and may be importantly involved in the etiology, progression, and treatment of disorders such as Parkinson's disease (PD). While such a concept is uncharted territory and even less is known about the mechanism by which this might be achieved, this study was undertaken to determine how retinal dopamine (DA), serotonin (5-HT), and melatonin (MEL) neurotransmitter systems might be involved in the control of movement in their own right. To explore these further, intravitreal (IVIT) injections of DA, 5-HT, and MEL were made 0.5 or 3 h prior to testing horizontal and vertical movement in the open field as well as assessment on three motor tests used routinely to evaluate movement as a preclinical model of PD. The doses of DA (2 µl of 25 and 75 µg/µl), 5-HT (2 µl of 5 and 15 µg/µl), and MEL (2 µl of 5 µg/µl) were chosen because of previous work demonstrating an anatomically precise effect of these transmitters after they were injected directly into the brain. The postinjection times of testing were also chosen on the basis of previous intracerebral and IVIT work intimating the importance of the circadian cycle in determining the efficacy of such effects. 0.5 h after IVIT injection of DA at the 25 and 75 µg/µl doses, significant inhibition of motor function was observed. While IVIT injection of 10 or 30 µg of 5-HT also inhibited motor performance, this was significantly less than that seen with DA. In fact, IVIT injection increases motor performance compared to vehicle injection on some parameters. The IVIT injection of 10 µg of MEL facilitated motor function on many parameters compared to DA, 5-HT, and vehicle injection. When rats were tested 3 h after IVIT injection, the inhibition of vertical movement was also observed compared to controls. The present results illustrate that specific retinal neurotransmitter systems participate in the normal control of bodily motor function. The possible involvement of these systems in movement disorders such as PD is the subject of ongoing research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory L Willis
- Coliban Medical Centre, The Bronowski Institute of Behavioural Neuroscience, Kyneton, VIC, Australia
| | - Christopher B Freelance
- Coliban Medical Centre, The Bronowski Institute of Behavioural Neuroscience, Kyneton, VIC, Australia
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Carracedo G, Carpena C, Concepción P, Díaz V, García-García M, Jemni N, Lledó VE, Martín M, Pastrana C, Pelissier R, Veselinova A, Wang X, Pintor J. Presence of melatonin in human tears. JOURNAL OF OPTOMETRY 2017; 10:3-4. [PMID: 27085976 PMCID: PMC5219833 DOI: 10.1016/j.optom.2016.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2015] [Revised: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Carracedo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology IV, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Department of Optics II (Optometry and Visión) and Molecular Biology IV, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Carlos Carpena
- Master of Optometry and Vision, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Concepción
- Master of Optometry and Vision, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Victor Díaz
- Master of Optometry and Vision, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel García-García
- Master of Optometry and Vision, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nahla Jemni
- Master of Optometry and Vision, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Victoria Eugenia Lledó
- Master of Optometry and Vision, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina Martín
- Master of Optometry and Vision, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Pastrana
- Master of Optometry and Vision, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Pelissier
- Master of Optometry and Vision, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Albena Veselinova
- Master of Optometry and Vision, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Master of Optometry and Vision, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesus Pintor
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology IV, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Lee JA, Han K, Min JA, Choi JA. Associations of sleep duration with open angle glaucoma in the Korea national health and nutrition examination survey. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e5704. [PMID: 28033268 PMCID: PMC5207564 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000005704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Revised: 11/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between sleep duration and glaucoma, stratified by obesity status.This study was conducted using data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey V 2010 to 2012. Open-angle glaucoma was diagnosed according to the International Society of Geographical and Epidemiological Ophthalmology criteria. Subjects were divided into subgroups based on those who were overweight (body mass index ≥25 kg/m or <25 kg/m) or with abdominal obesity (based on waist circumference). Multiple logistic regression analysis was done to estimate the magnitude of the association between sleep duration (<7 h, 7-<9, or ≥9 hours) and prevalence of glaucoma in the total population and in the subgroups.Individuals who slept <5 hours per night had the highest prevalence of glaucoma (5.55 ± 1.09%), followed by those who slept ≥9 hours per night (4.56 ± 0.10%), and then by those who slept 5 to <6 hours per night (4.15 ± 0.68%), which revealed a U-shaped pattern (P for trend = 0.072). Among overweight individuals, subjects who slept <7 hours and those who slept ≥9 hours were significantly more likely to have glaucoma compared with subjects who slept 7 to <9 hours after adjusting for survey year, age, sex, smoking, drinking, exercise, education level, household income, hypertension, intraocular pressure, stress, and depression (odds ratio, 2.41; 95% confidence interval, 1.14-5.03). Unlike for overweight individuals, sleep duration in nonoverweight individuals was not statistically significantly associated with glaucoma.Our results reveal a U-shaped association between sleep duration and the prevalence of glaucoma. An effect of sleep duration on glaucoma was present in the subgroup of overweight patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Ah Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, St. Vincent's Hospital
| | | | - Jung Ah Min
- Department of Psychiatry, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon, Kyunggi-do, Korea
| | - Jin A Choi
- Department of Ophthalmology, St. Vincent's Hospital
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Aptel F, Weinreb RN, Chiquet C, Mansouri K. 24-h monitoring devices and nyctohemeral rhythms of intraocular pressure. Prog Retin Eye Res 2016; 55:108-148. [PMID: 27477112 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Intraocular pressure (IOP) is not a fixed value and varies over both the short term and periods lasting several months or years. In particular, IOP is known to vary throughout the 24-h period of a day, defined as a nyctohemeral rhythm in humans. In clinical practice, it is crucial to evaluate the changes in IOP over 24 h in several situations, including the diagnosis of ocular hypertension and glaucoma (IOP is often higher at night) and to optimize the therapeutic management of glaucoma. Until recently, all evaluations of 24-h IOP rhythm were performed using repeated IOP measurements, requiring individuals to be awakened for nocturnal measurements. This method may be imperfect, because it is not physiologic and disturbs the sleep architecture, and also because it provides a limited number of time point measurements not sufficient to finely asses IOP changes. These limitations may have biased previous descriptions of physiological IOP rhythm. Recently, extraocular and intraocular devices integrating a pressure sensor for continuous IOP monitoring have been developed and are available for use in humans. The objective of this article is to present the contributions of these new 24-h monitoring devices for the study of the nyctohemeral rhythms. In healthy subjects and untreated glaucoma subjects, a nyctohemeral rhythm is consistently found and frequently characterized by a mean diurnal IOP lower than the mean nocturnal IOP, with a diurnal bathyphase - usually in the middle or at the end of the afternoon - and a nocturnal acrophase, usually in the middle or at the end of the night.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florent Aptel
- Inserm U1042, Hypoxia and Physiopathology Laboratory, University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France; Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, CHU Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | - Robert N Weinreb
- Hamilton Glaucoma Center, Shiley Eye Center and Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Christophe Chiquet
- Inserm U1042, Hypoxia and Physiopathology Laboratory, University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France; Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, CHU Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | - Kaweh Mansouri
- Glaucoma Center, Montchoisi Clinic, Swiss Vision Network, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, CO, USA.
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Melatonin in Retinal Physiology and Pathology: The Case of Age-Related Macular Degeneration. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:6819736. [PMID: 27688828 PMCID: PMC5027321 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6819736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin, an indoleamine, is synthesized mainly in the pineal gland in a circadian fashion, but it is produced in many other organs, including the retina, which seems to be especially important as the eye is a primary recipient of circadian signals. Melatonin displays strong antioxidative properties, which predispose it to play a protective role in many human pathologies associated with oxidative stress, including premature aging and degenerative disease. Therefore, melatonin may play a role in age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a disease affecting photoreceptors, and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) with an established role of oxidative stress in its pathogenesis. Several studies have shown that melatonin could exert the protective effect against damage to RPE cells evoked by reactive oxygen species (ROS), but it has also been reported to increase ROS-induced damage to photoreceptors and RPE. Melatonin behaves like synthetic mitochondria-targeted antioxidants, which concentrate in mitochondria at relatively high levels; thus, melatonin may prevent mitochondrial damage in AMD. The retina contains telomerase, an enzyme implicated in maintaining the length of telomeres, and oxidative stress inhibits telomere synthesis, while melatonin overcomes this effect. These features support considering melatonin as a preventive and therapeutic agent in the treatment of AMD.
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Protective Effects of Melatonin on Retinal Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Experimental Diabetic Retinopathy. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:3528274. [PMID: 27143993 PMCID: PMC4837288 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3528274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress and inflammation are important pathogenic factors contributing to the etiology of diabetic retinopathy (DR). Melatonin is an endogenous hormone that exhibits a variety of biological effects including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory functions. The goals of this study were to determine whether melatonin could ameliorate retinal injury and to explore the potential mechanisms. Diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of STZ (60 mg/kg) in Sprague-Dawley rats. Melatonin (10 mg kg(-1) daily, i.p.) was administered from the induction of diabetes and continued for up to 12 weeks, after which the animals were sacrificed and retinal samples were collected. The retina of diabetic rats showed depletion of glutathione and downregulation of glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL). Melatonin significantly upregulated GCL by retaining Nrf2 in the nucleus and stimulating Akt phosphorylation. The production of proinflammatory cytokines and proteins, including interleukin 1β, TNF-α, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), was inhibited by melatonin through the NF-κB pathway. At 12 weeks, melatonin prevented the significant decrease in the ERG a- and b-wave amplitudes under the diabetic condition. Our results suggest potent protective functions of melatonin in diabetic retinopathy. In addition to being a direct antioxidant, melatonin can exert receptor-mediated signaling effects to attenuate inflammation and oxidative stress of the retina.
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Nickla DL, Totonelly K. Brief light exposure at night disrupts the circadian rhythms in eye growth and choroidal thickness in chicks. Exp Eye Res 2016; 146:189-195. [PMID: 26970497 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2016.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Changes in ocular growth that lead to myopia or hyperopia are associated with alterations in the circadian rhythms in eye growth, choroidal thickness and intraocular pressure in animal models of emmetropization. Recent studies have shown that light at night has deleterious effects on human health, acting via "circadian disruptions" of various diurnal rhythms, including changes in phase or amplitude. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of brief, 2-h episodes of light in the middle of the night on the rhythms in axial length and choroidal thickness, and whether these alter eye growth and refractive error in the chick model of myopia. Starting at 2 weeks of age, birds received 2 h of light between 12:00 am and 2:00 am for 7 days (n = 12; total hours of light: 14 h). Age-matched controls had a continuous dark night (n = 14; 14L/10D). Ocular dimensions were measured using high-frequency A-scan ultrasonography on the first day of the experiment, and again on day 7, at 6-h intervals, starting at noon (12 pm, 6 pm, 12 am, 6 am, 12 pm). Measurements during the night were done under a photographic safe-light. These data were used to determine rhythm parameters of phase and amplitude. 2 groups of birds, both experimental (light at night) and control, were measured with ultrasound at various intervals over the course of 4 weeks to determine growth rates. Refractive errors were measured in 6 experimental and 6 control birds at the end of 2 weeks. Eyes of birds in a normal L/D cycle showed sinusoidal 24-h period diurnal rhythms in axial length and choroid thickness. Light in the middle of the night caused changes in both the rhythms in axial length and choroidal thickness, such that neither could be fit to a sine function having a period of 24 h. Light caused an acute, transient stimulation in ocular growth rate in the subsequent 6-h period (12 am-6 am), that may be responsible for the increased growth rate seen 4 weeks later, and the more myopic refractive error. It also abolished the increase in choroidal thickness that normally occurs between 6 pm and 12 am. We conclude that light at night alters the rhythms in axial length and choroidal thickness in an animal model of eye growth, and that these circadian disruptions might lead to the development of ametropias. These results have implications for the use of light during the night in children.
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Katargina LA, Chesnokova NB, Beznos OV, Osipova NA. [Melatonin as a new promising agent for the treatment and prevention of retinopathy of prematurity]. Vestn Oftalmol 2016; 132:59-63. [PMID: 28121300 DOI: 10.17116/oftalma2016132659-63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the effect of exogenous melatonin on the blood-retinal barrier and oxidative status of the vitreous in rats with oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) and analyze its prospects in the treatment and prevention of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). MATERIAL AND METHODS The study was performed on 48 Wistar rat pups (96 eyes) divided into 4 groups 12 animals each: OIR group, melatonin group and two control groups. In order to induce retinopathy, rat pups and does were placed in an incubator for 14 days after birth. Oxygen concentration in the incubator changed from 60 to 15% every 12 hours. The controls for this experiment were rats that grew under normoxic conditions (21%). The two other groups of rats were injected with 30 ml intraperitoneal melatonin (Sigma-Aldrich) in sterile 0.05 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) at a dose of 10 mg/kg for 14 days starting on day 1. The pups were killed on days 7 (n=16), 14 (n=16), and 18 (n=16). Binocular enucleation was performed in all cases. The total protein level and antioxidative activity (AOA) were then measured in vitreous samples. RESULTS Oxygen-induced retinopathy had two phases and was accompanied by a sharp increase in the vitreal AOA and total protein. After intraperitoneal melatonin injections made during the period of early OIR-associated vascular changes, the said parameters were decreased down to near-control values at any times during the follow-up period. CONCLUSION Exogenous melatonin, due to its strong antiangiogenic and antioxidant activity, helps stabilize the blood-retinal barrier in OIR.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Katargina
- Moscow Helmholtz Research Institute of Eye Diseases, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 14/19 Sadovaya-Chernogryazskaya St., Moscow, 105062, Russian Federation
| | - N B Chesnokova
- Moscow Helmholtz Research Institute of Eye Diseases, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 14/19 Sadovaya-Chernogryazskaya St., Moscow, 105062, Russian Federation
| | - O V Beznos
- Moscow Helmholtz Research Institute of Eye Diseases, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 14/19 Sadovaya-Chernogryazskaya St., Moscow, 105062, Russian Federation
| | - N A Osipova
- Moscow Helmholtz Research Institute of Eye Diseases, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 14/19 Sadovaya-Chernogryazskaya St., Moscow, 105062, Russian Federation
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