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Mumin FI, Fenton A, Osman AY, Mor SM. Zoonoses research in Somalia: A scoping review using a One Health approach. One Health 2023; 17:100626. [PMID: 38024257 PMCID: PMC10665144 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2023.100626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Zoonoses are likely to cause a substantial burden on both human and animal health systems in Somalia, given the close proximity between the pastoralist majority and their livestock. However, decades of instability leading to weak disease surveillance have meant that data on the burden of zoonoses is lacking. The aim of this scoping review was to assess and synthesize the available literature on the presence and burden of zoonoses in Somalia. We used keywords to search Web of Science for relevant publications. Studies were included if they contained relevant data on a zoonosis and were undertaken in Somalia or were undertaken in another country where exposure could reasonably be assumed to have occurred in Somalia (e.g., migrants/refugees, returning soldiers, exported animals). Studies were not included if they focused on Somali ethnic communities permanently living elsewhere or if zoonotic aspects were not considered. We extracted data on disease(s) reported, geographic focus, data reported (human, animal, environment), study design and author affiliation. A total of 22 zoonotic infections were documented in 76 publications. The most frequently studied diseases were Rift Valley Fever (n = 15, 17%), brucellosis (n = 13, 14%) and hepatitis E (n = 10, 11%). Around 30% of papers reported data from relevant populations outside Somalia. Only 18 papers undertook laboratory analysis within Somalia. Most papers reported data on humans (45%) and animals (36%) with limited research on the environmental domain. Descriptive studies (47%) dominated and most were led by non-Somali researchers (89% in first authors and 95% of last authors). This study highlights the need for well-designed zoonoses research in Somalia supported by capacity building of local researchers and investments in diagnostic laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah I. Mumin
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Neston, United Kingdom
- International Livestock Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Red Sea University, Bosaso, Puntland State, Somalia
| | - Andy Fenton
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Neston, United Kingdom
| | - Abdinasir Yusuf Osman
- Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, United Kingdom
- National Institute of Health, Ministry of Health, Mogadishu, Somalia
| | - Siobhan M. Mor
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Neston, United Kingdom
- International Livestock Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Amenu K, McIntyre KM, Moje N, Knight-Jones T, Rushton J, Grace D. Approaches for disease prioritization and decision-making in animal health, 2000-2021: a structured scoping review. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1231711. [PMID: 37876628 PMCID: PMC10593474 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1231711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
This scoping review identifies and describes the methods used to prioritize diseases for resource allocation across disease control, surveillance, and research and the methods used generally in decision-making on animal health policy. Three electronic databases (Medline/PubMed, Embase, and CAB Abstracts) were searched for articles from 2000 to 2021. Searches identified 6, 395 articles after de-duplication, with an additional 64 articles added manually. A total of 6, 460 articles were imported to online document review management software (sysrev.com) for screening. Based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, 532 articles passed the first screening, and after a second round of screening, 336 articles were recommended for full review. A total of 40 articles were removed after data extraction. Another 11 articles were added, having been obtained from cross-citations of already identified articles, providing a total of 307 articles to be considered in the scoping review. The results show that the main methods used for disease prioritization were based on economic analysis, multi-criteria evaluation, risk assessment, simple ranking, spatial risk mapping, and simulation modeling. Disease prioritization was performed to aid in decision-making related to various categories: (1) disease control, prevention, or eradication strategies, (2) general organizational strategy, (3) identification of high-risk areas or populations, (4) assessment of risk of disease introduction or occurrence, (5) disease surveillance, and (6) research priority setting. Of the articles included in data extraction, 50.5% had a national focus, 12.3% were local, 11.9% were regional, 6.5% were sub-national, and 3.9% were global. In 15.2% of the articles, the geographic focus was not specified. The scoping review revealed the lack of comprehensive, integrated, and mutually compatible approaches to disease prioritization and decision support tools for animal health. We recommend that future studies should focus on creating comprehensive and harmonized frameworks describing methods for disease prioritization and decision-making tools in animal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kebede Amenu
- Global Burden of Animal Diseases (GBADs) Programme, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Veterinary, Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, Bishoftu, Ethiopia
- Animal and Human Health Program, International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - K. Marie McIntyre
- Global Burden of Animal Diseases (GBADs) Programme, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Department of Livestock and One Health, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Modelling, Evidence and Policy Group, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Nebyou Moje
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, Bishoftu, Ethiopia
| | - Theodore Knight-Jones
- Global Burden of Animal Diseases (GBADs) Programme, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Animal and Human Health Program, International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Jonathan Rushton
- Global Burden of Animal Diseases (GBADs) Programme, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Department of Livestock and One Health, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Delia Grace
- Global Burden of Animal Diseases (GBADs) Programme, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Food and Markets Department, Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, London, United Kingdom
- Animal and Human Health Program, International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Nairobi, Kenya
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Mkangara M. Prevention and Control of Human Salmonella enterica Infections: An Implication in Food Safety. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE 2023; 2023:8899596. [PMID: 37727836 PMCID: PMC10506869 DOI: 10.1155/2023/8899596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Salmonella is a foodborne zoonotic pathogen causing diarrhoeal disease to humans after consuming contaminated water, animal, and plant products. The bacterium is the third leading cause of human death among diarrhoeal diseases worldwide. Therefore, human salmonellosis is of public health concern demanding integrated interventions against the causative agent, Salmonella enterica. The prevention of salmonellosis in humans is intricate due to several factors, including an immune-stable individual infected with S. enterica continuing to shed live bacteria without showing any clinical signs. Similarly, the asymptomatic Salmonella animals are the source of salmonellosis in humans after consuming contaminated food products. Furthermore, the contaminated products of plant and animal origin are a menace in food industries due to Salmonella biofilms, which enhance colonization, persistence, and survival of bacteria on equipment. The contaminated food products resulting from bacteria on equipment offset the economic competition of food industries and partner institutions in international business. The most worldwide prevalent broad-range Salmonella serovars affecting humans are Salmonella Typhimurium and Salmonella Enteritidis, and poultry products, among others, are the primary source of infection. The broader range of Salmonella serovars creates concern over multiple strategies for preventing and controlling Salmonella contamination in foods to enhance food safety for humans. Among the strategies for preventing and controlling Salmonella spread in animal and plant products include biosecurity measures, isolation and quarantine, epidemiological surveillance, farming systems, herbs and spices, and vaccination. Other measures are the application of phages, probiotics, prebiotics, and nanoparticles reduced and capped with antimicrobial agents. Therefore, Salmonella-free products, such as beef, pork, poultry meat, eggs, milk, and plant foods, such as vegetables and fruits, will prevent humans from Salmonella infection. This review explains Salmonella infection in humans caused by consuming contaminated foods and the interventions against Salmonella contamination in foods to enhance food safety and quality for humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mwanaisha Mkangara
- Department of Science and Laboratory Technology, Dar es Salaam Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 2958, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
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Zhang S, Liang R, Yang Q, Yang Y, Qiu S, Zhang H, Qu X, Chen Q, Niu B. Epidemiologic and import risk analysis of Peste des petits ruminants between 2010 and 2018 in India. BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:419. [PMID: 36447274 PMCID: PMC9707066 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03507-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is a serious disease that affects goats, sheep and other small ruminants. As one of the earliest and most serious countries, PPR has seriously threatened India's animal husbandry economy. RESULTS In this study, the spatiotemporal characteristics of the PPR in India outbreaks were analyzed. Between 2010 and 2018, the epidemic in India broke out all over the country in a cluster distribution. Epidemic clusters in northern and southern India are at higher risk, and the outbreak time of PPR has significant seasonality. The results of the analysis of the development and transmission of PPR under the natural infection conditions showed that the PPR outbreak in India reached a peak within 15 days. Finally, the quantitative risk analysis results based on scenario tree show showed that the average probability of infecting PPRV in live sheep exported from India was 1.45 × 10-4. CONCLUSIONS This study analyzed the prevalence of PPR in India. The analysis of transmission dynamics on the development of the epidemic provides a reference for the prevention and control of the epidemic. At the same time, it provides risk analysis and suggestions on trade measures for the trading countries of India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuwen Zhang
- grid.39436.3b0000 0001 2323 5732School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruirui Liang
- grid.39436.3b0000 0001 2323 5732School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444 People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiaoling Yang
- grid.39436.3b0000 0001 2323 5732School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yunfeng Yang
- grid.39436.3b0000 0001 2323 5732School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444 People’s Republic of China
| | - Songyin Qiu
- grid.418544.80000 0004 1756 5008Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, 100176 People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Zhang
- grid.39436.3b0000 0001 2323 5732School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaosheng Qu
- National Engineering Laboratory of Southwest Endangered Medicinal Resources Development, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, 530023 China
| | - Qin Chen
- grid.39436.3b0000 0001 2323 5732School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444 People’s Republic of China
| | - Bing Niu
- grid.39436.3b0000 0001 2323 5732School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444 People’s Republic of China
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Adamchick J, Rich KM, Perez AM. Assessment of the Risk of Foot and Mouth Disease among Beef Cattle at Slaughter from East African Production Systems. Viruses 2021; 13:v13122407. [PMID: 34960676 PMCID: PMC8706184 DOI: 10.3390/v13122407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Endemic foot and mouth disease (FMD) in East African cattle systems is one factor that limits access to export markets. The probability of FMD transmission associated with export from such systems have never been quantified and there is a need for data and analyses to guide strategies for livestock exports from regions where FMD remains endemic. The probability of infection among animals at slaughter is an important contributor to the risk of FMD transmission associated with the final beef product. In this study, we built a stochastic model to estimate the probability that beef cattle reach slaughter while infected with FMD virus for four production systems in two East African countries (Kenya and Uganda). Input values were derived from the primary literature and expert opinion. We found that the risk that FMD-infected animals reach slaughter under current conditions is high in both countries (median annual probability ranging from 0.05 among cattle from Kenyan feedlots to 0.62 from Ugandan semi-intensive systems). Cattle originating from feedlot and ranching systems in Kenya had the lowest overall probabilities of the eight systems evaluated. The final probabilities among cattle from all systems were sensitive to the likelihood of acquiring new infections en route to slaughter and especially the probability and extent of commingling with other cattle. These results give insight into factors that could be leveraged by potential interventions to lower the probability of FMD among beef cattle at slaughter. Such interventions should be evaluated considering the cost, logistics, and tradeoffs of each, ultimately guiding resource investment that is grounded in the values and capacity of each country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Adamchick
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55108, USA;
- Correspondence:
| | - Karl M. Rich
- Department of Agricultural Economics, Ferguson College of Agriculture, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA;
| | - Andres M. Perez
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55108, USA;
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Mtimet N, Wanyoike F, Rich KM, Baltenweck I. Zoonotic diseases and the COVID-19 pandemic: Economic impacts on Somaliland's livestock exports to Saudi Arabia. GLOBAL FOOD SECURITY-AGRICULTURE POLICY ECONOMICS AND ENVIRONMENT 2021; 28:100512. [PMID: 34513583 PMCID: PMC8417120 DOI: 10.1016/j.gfs.2021.100512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The livestock sector plays an important socioeconomic role in the Somaliland economy, particularly through revenues from exports. The partial ban on livestock imports from Somalia imposed by Saudi Arabia due to animal health concerns has resulted in significant negative economic impacts for the government and the value chain actors involved. In previous years, the ban was lifted during the Hajj season to meet the increased demand for sheep and goats. However, given the current COVID-19 pandemic, the Saudi government decided to suspend Umrah visits in 2020 and only allowed a very restricted number of persons to attend the Hajj pilgrimage, thus obviating the need for livestock imports. This study quantified the economic losses associated the current partial livestock ban (started in November 2016) on Somali imports and the added impacts associated with COVID. We estimate that the cumulative losses for the Somaliland livestock sector and the government are US$ 770 million over a five-year period. The additional losses imposed by the COVID pandemic, which restricted participation during the Hajj season, were estimated at US$ 42 million. Livestock producers, who are mainly pastoralists, are the most affected stakeholder group, incurring around 54% of the total losses. Our study highlights the multifaceted, and often overlooked, socio-economic and socio-cultural impacts faced by the livestock sector and general economy in the wake of public health restrictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadhem Mtimet
- International Fund for Agricultural Development, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Karl M Rich
- International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
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Knight-Jones TJD, Robinson L, Charleston B, Rodriguez LL, Gay CG, Sumption KJ, Vosloo W. Global Foot-and-Mouth Disease Research Update and Gap Analysis: 2 - Epidemiology, Wildlife and Economics. Transbound Emerg Dis 2016; 63 Suppl 1:14-29. [DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - L. L. Rodriguez
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center; ARS; USDA; Greenport New York USA
| | - C. G. Gay
- Agricultural Research Service; USDA; National Program 103-Animal Health; Beltsville MD USA
| | - K. J. Sumption
- European Commission for the Control of FMD (EuFMD); FAO; Rome Italy
| | - W. Vosloo
- Australian Animal Health Laboratory; CSIRO-Biosecurity Flagship; Geelong Vic Australia
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Knight-Jones TJD, McLaws M, Rushton J. Foot-and-Mouth Disease Impact on Smallholders - What Do We Know, What Don't We Know and How Can We Find Out More? Transbound Emerg Dis 2016; 64:1079-1094. [PMID: 27167976 PMCID: PMC5516236 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Foot‐and‐mouth disease (FMD) endemic regions contain three‐quarters of the world's FMD susceptible livestock and most of the world's poor livestock keepers. Yet FMD impact on smallholders in these regions is poorly understood. Diseases of low mortality can exert a large impact if incidence is high. Modelling and field studies commonly find high FMD incidence in endemic countries. Sero‐surveys typically find a third of young cattle are sero‐positive, however, the proportion of sero‐positive animals that developed disease, and resulting impact, are unknown. The few smallholder FMD impact studies that have been performed assessed different aspects of impact, using different approaches. They find that FMD impact can be high (>10% of annual household income). However, impact is highly variable, being a function of FMD incidence and dependency on activities affected by FMD. FMD restricts investment in productive but less FMD‐resilient farming methods, however, other barriers to efficient production may exist, reducing the benefits of FMD control. Applying control measures is costly and can have wide‐reaching negative impacts; veterinary‐cordon‐fences may damage wildlife populations, and livestock movement restrictions and trade bans damage farmer profits and the wider economy. When control measures are ineffective, farmers, society and wildlife may experience the burden of control without reducing disease burden. Foot‐and‐mouth disease control has benefitted smallholders in South America and elsewhere. Success takes decades of regional cooperation with effective veterinary services and widespread farmer participation. However, both the likelihood of success and the full cost of control measures must be considered. Controlling FMD in smallholder systems is challenging, particularly when movement restrictions are hard to enforce. In parts of Africa this is compounded by endemically infected wildlife and limited vaccine performance. This paper reviews FMD impact on smallholders in endemic countries. Significant evidence gaps exist and guidance on the design of FMD impact studies is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M McLaws
- European Commission for the Control of FMD, FAO, Rome, Italy
| | - J Rushton
- The Royal Veterinary College (VEEPH), North Mymms, Hertfordshire, UK
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Woube YA, Dibaba AB, Tameru B, Fite R, Nganwa D, Robnett V, Demisse A, Habtemariam T. Quantitative risk assessment of entry of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia through live cattle imported from northwestern Ethiopia. Prev Vet Med 2015; 122:61-9. [PMID: 26427634 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2015.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2015] [Revised: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) is a highly contagious bacterial disease of cattle caused by Mycoplasma mycoides subspecies mycoides small colony (SC) bovine biotype (MmmSC). It has been eradicated from many countries; however, the disease persists in many parts of Africa and Asia. CBPP is one of the major trade-restricting diseases of cattle in Ethiopia. In this quantitative risk assessment the OIE concept of zoning was adopted to assess the entry of CBPP into an importing country when up to 280,000 live cattle are exported every year from the northwestern proposed disease free zone (DFZ) of Ethiopia. To estimate the level of risk, a six-tiered risk pathway (scenario tree) was developed, evidences collected and equations generated. The probability of occurrence of the hazard at each node was modelled as a probability distribution using Monte Carlo simulation (@RISK software) at 10,000 iterations to account for uncertainty and variability. The uncertainty and variability of data points surrounding the risk estimate were further quantified by sensitivity analysis. In this study a single animal destined for export from the northwestern DFZ of Ethiopia has a CBPP infection probability of 4.76×10(-6) (95% CI=7.25×10(-8) 1.92×10(-5)). The probability that at least one infected animal enters an importing country in one year is 0.53 (90% CI=0.042-0.97). The expected number of CBPP infected animals exported any given year is 1.28 (95% CI=0.021-5.42). According to the risk estimate, an average of 2.73×10(6) animals (90% CI=10,674-5.9×10(6)) must be exported to get the first infected case. By this account it would, on average, take 10.15 years (90% CI=0.24-23.18) for the first infected animal to be included in the consignment. Sensitivity analysis revealed that prevalence and vaccination had the highest impact on the uncertainty and variability of the overall risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilkal Asfaw Woube
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, P. O. Box 34, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia; College of Veterinary Medicine, Nursing and Allied Health, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL 36088, USA.
| | - Asseged Bogale Dibaba
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nursing and Allied Health, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL 36088, USA
| | - Berhanu Tameru
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nursing and Allied Health, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL 36088, USA
| | - Richard Fite
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nursing and Allied Health, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL 36088, USA; Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (USDA/APHIS), 4700 River Road, Riverdale, MD 20737, USA
| | - David Nganwa
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nursing and Allied Health, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL 36088, USA
| | - Vinaida Robnett
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nursing and Allied Health, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL 36088, USA
| | - Amsalu Demisse
- Ministry of Agriculture, P. O. Box 62347, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Tsegaye Habtemariam
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nursing and Allied Health, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL 36088, USA
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Cêtre-Sossah C, Kwiatek O, Faharoudine A, Soulé M, Moutroifi YO, Vrel MA, Salami H, Rassoul S, Asnaoui M, Moindjie Y, Albina E, Libeau G, Cardinale E. Impact and Epidemiological Investigations into the Incursion and Spread of Peste des Petits Ruminants in the Comoros Archipelago: An Increased Threat to Surrounding Islands. Transbound Emerg Dis 2014; 63:452-9. [PMID: 25430822 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Late October 2012, a great number of deaths of unknown origin occurred in goat herds in the suburbs of Ngazidja, located in the Comoros archipelago. Few weeks later, laboratory testing requested by the animal health authorities resulted in the identification of peste des petits ruminants (PPR) infection. Notably, the Index case could be attributed to a sick goat imported from Tanzania. Viral isolation was successful from the lungs leading to the whole N nucleoprotein gene sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the strain belongs to the lineage III which includes strains of eastern African origin. In addition, to evaluate the impact of PPR on the Comorian indigenous domesticated ruminant population, a cross-sectional PPR serological survey was conducted between April and July 2013. A low overall PPRV antibody prevalence 2.24% (95% CI [1.38; 3.08]) was detected with a Grande Comore prevalence of 3.34% (IC = [2.09; 4.63]) with a limited spread of the disease mainly due to farm practices such as limited contacts between farm animals and rapid slaughtering of sick animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Cêtre-Sossah
- UMR CMAEE, CIRAD, Sainte Clotilde, La Réunion, France.,UMR 1309 CMAEE, INRA, Montpellier, France.,Plateforme de recherche CYROI, Centre de Recherche et de Veille sur les maladies émergentes dans l'Océan Indien (CRVOI), Sainte Clotilde, La Réunion, France
| | - O Kwiatek
- UMR 1309 CMAEE, INRA, Montpellier, France.,UMR CMAEE, CIRAD, Montpellier, France
| | - A Faharoudine
- Vice-President, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries, Environment, Industry, Energy and Handicraft, Moroni, Republic of Comoros
| | - M Soulé
- Vice-President, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries, Environment, Industry, Energy and Handicraft, Moroni, Republic of Comoros
| | - Y O Moutroifi
- Vice-President, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries, Environment, Industry, Energy and Handicraft, Moroni, Republic of Comoros
| | - M A Vrel
- UMR CMAEE, CIRAD, Sainte Clotilde, La Réunion, France.,UMR 1309 CMAEE, INRA, Montpellier, France.,Plateforme de recherche CYROI, Centre de Recherche et de Veille sur les maladies émergentes dans l'Océan Indien (CRVOI), Sainte Clotilde, La Réunion, France
| | - H Salami
- UMR 1309 CMAEE, INRA, Montpellier, France.,UMR CMAEE, CIRAD, Montpellier, France
| | - S Rassoul
- Institut National de la recherche agricole, la pêche et l'environnement, Vice-présidence en charge de la Production, Moroni, Republic of Comoros
| | - M Asnaoui
- Institut National de la recherche agricole, la pêche et l'environnement, Vice-présidence en charge de la Production, Moroni, Republic of Comoros
| | - Y Moindjie
- Vice-President, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries, Environment, Industry, Energy and Handicraft, Moroni, Republic of Comoros
| | - E Albina
- UMR 1309 CMAEE, INRA, Montpellier, France.,UMR CMAEE, CIRAD, Petit Bourg, Guadeloupe, France
| | - G Libeau
- UMR 1309 CMAEE, INRA, Montpellier, France.,UMR CMAEE, CIRAD, Montpellier, France
| | - E Cardinale
- UMR CMAEE, CIRAD, Sainte Clotilde, La Réunion, France.,UMR 1309 CMAEE, INRA, Montpellier, France.,Plateforme de recherche CYROI, Centre de Recherche et de Veille sur les maladies émergentes dans l'Océan Indien (CRVOI), Sainte Clotilde, La Réunion, France
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