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Fingesi TS, Kimaru LJ, Okusanya BO, Ehiri JE, Rosales C. Nicotine and Alcohol Use as Predictors of Recreational Cannabis Use in Adolescence: A Systematic Review and Narrative Synthesis. Subst Use Misuse 2024:1-13. [PMID: 38658323 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2024.2342008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Background: The prevalence of recreational cannabis use among adolescents is a growing public health concern due to its link to short- and long-term adverse effects on adolescents' wellbeing, physical health, mental health, and interpersonal behaviors. Method: Five databases were searched from inception to March 17, 2023, for exposure (nicotine product, alcohol) and outcome (recreational cannabis) in adolescents (persons aged 10-19 years). The studies were screened independently by two reviewers, and the quality of the studies was assessed with Newcastle Ottawa and AXIS tool. PRISMA guidelines were employed in this review. Result: Twenty-one (21) studies involving 2,778,406 adolescents were included in the appraisal and heterogeneity was found among these studies. Ascertainment bias was commonly detected in thirteen (13) of the included studies. Among the substances examined as potential exposures, nicotine-product use emerged as a significant factor associated with future cannabis use among adolescents, particularly in mid-adolescence and in places where recreational cannabis use has been legalized. Conclusion: Current evidence suggests an association between nicotine-product use and subsequent recreational cannabis use among adolescents. However, further research is needed to establish causality between exposure to nicotine substances and the use of recreational cannabis within this age demographic. Additionally, there is a need for the development of prevention programs and targeted policies that continuously inform and update this vulnerable sub-population about the risks associated with cannabis use for leisure.
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Affiliation(s)
- T S Fingesi
- Community Environment and Policy, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - L J Kimaru
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - B O Okusanya
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - J E Ehiri
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - C Rosales
- Division of Public Health Practice and Translational Research, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
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Hur KH, Meisler SL, Yassin W, Frederick BB, Kohut SJ. Prefrontal-Limbic Circuitry Is Associated With Reward Sensitivity in Nonhuman Primates. Biol Psychiatry 2024:S0006-3223(24)01131-4. [PMID: 38432521 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2024.02.1011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abnormal reward sensitivity is a risk factor for psychiatric disorders, including eating disorders such as overeating and binge-eating disorder, but the brain structural mechanisms that underlie it are not completely understood. Here, we sought to investigate the relationship between multimodal whole-brain structural features and reward sensitivity in nonhuman primates. METHODS Reward sensitivity was evaluated through behavioral economic analysis in which monkeys (adult rhesus macaques; 7 female, 5 male) responded for sweetened condensed milk (10%, 30%, 56%), Gatorade, or water using an operant procedure in which the response requirement increased incrementally across sessions (i.e., fixed ratio 1, 3, 10). Animals were divided into high (n = 6) or low (n = 6) reward sensitivity groups based on essential value for 30% milk. Multimodal magnetic resonance imaging was used to measure gray matter volume and white matter microstructure. Brain structural features were compared between groups, and their correlations with reward sensitivity for various stimuli was investigated. RESULTS Animals in the high sensitivity group had greater dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, centromedial amygdaloid complex, and middle cingulate cortex volumes than animals in the low sensitivity group. Furthermore, compared with monkeys in the low sensitivity group, high sensitivity monkeys had lower fractional anisotropy in the left dorsal cingulate bundle connecting the centromedial amygdaloid complex and middle cingulate cortex to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and in the left superior longitudinal fasciculus 1 connecting the middle cingulate cortex to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that neuroanatomical variation in prefrontal-limbic circuitry is associated with reward sensitivity. These brain structural features may serve as predictive biomarkers for vulnerability to food-based and other reward-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang-Hyun Hur
- Behavioral Neuroimaging Laboratory, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Steven L Meisler
- Program in Speech and Hearing Bioscience and Technology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Walid Yassin
- Behavioral Neuroimaging Laboratory, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Blaise B Frederick
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts
| | - Stephen J Kohut
- Behavioral Neuroimaging Laboratory, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts.
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Boer OD, El Marroun H, Muetzel RL. Adolescent substance use initiation and long-term neurobiological outcomes: insights, challenges and opportunities. Mol Psychiatry 2024:10.1038/s41380-024-02471-2. [PMID: 38409597 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-024-02471-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
The increased frequency of risk taking behavior combined with marked neuromaturation has positioned adolescence as a focal point of research into the neural causes and consequences of substance use. However, little work has provided a summary of the links between adolescent initiated substance use and longer-term brain outcomes. Here we review studies exploring the long-term effects of adolescent-initiated substance use with structural and microstructural neuroimaging. A quarter of all studies reviewed conducted repeated neuroimaging assessments. Long-term alcohol use, as well as tobacco use were consistently associated with smaller frontal cortices and altered white matter microstructure. This association was mostly observed in the ACC, insula and subcortical regions in alcohol users, and for the OFC in tobacco users. Long-term cannabis use was mostly related to altered frontal cortices and hippocampal volumes. Interestingly, cannabis users scanned more years after use initiation tended to show smaller measures of these regions, whereas those with fewer years since initiation showed larger measures. Long-term stimulant use tended to show a similar trend as cannabis in terms of years since initiation in measures of the putamen, insula and frontal cortex. Long-term opioid use was mostly associated with smaller subcortical and insular volumes. Of note, null findings were reported in all substance use categories, most often in cannabis use studies. In the context of the large variety in study designs, substance use assessment, methods, and sample characteristics, we provide recommendations on how to interpret these findings, and considerations for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga D Boer
- Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies - Erasmus School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center - Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hanan El Marroun
- Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies - Erasmus School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center - Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ryan L Muetzel
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center - Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Mellado S, Cuesta CM, Montagud S, Rodríguez‐Arias M, Moreno‐Manzano V, Guerri C, Pascual M. Therapeutic role of mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles in neuroinflammation and cognitive dysfunctions induced by binge-like ethanol treatment in adolescent mice. CNS Neurosci Ther 2023; 29:4018-4031. [PMID: 37381698 PMCID: PMC10651955 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are heterogeneous membrane vesicles secreted by cells in extracellular spaces that play an important role in intercellular communication under both normal and pathological conditions. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory cells capable of secreting EVs, which are considered promising molecules for treating immune, inflammatory, and degenerative diseases. Our previous studies demonstrate that, by activating innate immune receptors TLR4 (Toll-like receptor 4), binge-like ethanol exposure in adolescence causes neuroinflammation and neural damage. AIMS To evaluate whether the intravenous administration of MSC-derived EVs is capable of reducing neuroinflammation, myelin and synaptic alterations, and the cognitive dysfunction induced by binge-like ethanol treatment in adolescent mice. MATERIALS & METHODS MSC-derived EVs obtained from adipose tissue were administered in the tail vein (50 microg/dose, one weekly dose) to female WT adolescent mice treated intermittently with ethanol (3.0 g/kg) during two weeks. RESULTS MSC-derived EVs from adipose tissue ameliorate ethanol-induced up-regulation of inflammatory genes (e.g., COX-2, iNOS, MIP-1α, NF-κB, CX3CL1, and MCP-1) in the prefrontal cortex of adolescent mice. Notably, MSC-derived EVs also restore the myelin and synaptic derangements, and the memory and learning impairments, induced by ethanol treatment. Using cortical astroglial cells in culture, our results further confirm that MSC-derived EVs decrease inflammatory genes in ethanol-treated astroglial cells. This, in turn, confirms in vivo findings. CONCLUSION Taken together, these results provide the first evidence for the therapeutic potential of the MSC-derived EVs in the neuroimmune response and cognitive dysfunction induced by binge alcohol drinking in adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Mellado
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine and DentistryUniversity of ValenciaValenciaSpain
| | - Carlos M. Cuesta
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine and DentistryUniversity of ValenciaValenciaSpain
| | - Sandra Montagud
- Department of Psychobiology, Facultad de PsicologíaUniversitat de ValenciaValenciaSpain
| | - Marta Rodríguez‐Arias
- Department of Psychobiology, Facultad de PsicologíaUniversitat de ValenciaValenciaSpain
| | | | | | - María Pascual
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine and DentistryUniversity of ValenciaValenciaSpain
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Joo Y, Lee S, Hwang J, Kim J, Cheon YH, Lee H, Kim S, Yurgelun-Todd DA, Renshaw PF, Yoon S, Lyoo IK. Differential alterations in brain structural network organization during addiction between adolescents and adults. Psychol Med 2023; 53:3805-3816. [PMID: 35440353 PMCID: PMC10317813 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291722000423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The adolescent brain may be susceptible to the influences of illicit drug use. While compensatory network reorganization is a unique developmental characteristic that may restore several brain disorders, its association with methamphetamine (MA) use-induced damage during adolescence is unclear. METHODS Using independent component (IC) analysis on structural magnetic resonance imaging data, spatially ICs described as morphometric networks were extracted to examine the effects of MA use on gray matter (GM) volumes and network module connectivity in adolescents (51 MA users v. 60 controls) and adults (54 MA users v. 60 controls). RESULTS MA use was related to significant GM volume reductions in the default mode, cognitive control, salience, limbic, sensory and visual network modules in adolescents. GM volumes were also reduced in the limbic and visual network modules of the adult MA group as compared to the adult control group. Differential patterns of structural connectivity between the basal ganglia (BG) and network modules were found between the adolescent and adult MA groups. Specifically, adult MA users exhibited significantly reduced connectivity of the BG with the default network modules compared to control adults, while adolescent MA users, despite the greater extent of network GM volume reductions, did not show alterations in network connectivity relative to control adolescents. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest the potential of compensatory network reorganization in adolescent brains in response to MA use. The developmental characteristic to compensate for MA-induced brain damage can be considered as an age-specific therapeutic target for adolescent MA users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoonji Joo
- Ewha Brain Institute, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Suji Lee
- Ewha Brain Institute, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jaeuk Hwang
- Department of Psychiatry, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jungyoon Kim
- Ewha Brain Institute, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young-Hoon Cheon
- Department of Psychiatry, Incheon Chamsarang Hospital, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Hyangwon Lee
- Ewha Brain Institute, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Shinhye Kim
- Ewha Brain Institute, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Deborah A. Yurgelun-Todd
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Diagnostic Neuroimaging, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- George E. Wahlen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, VA VISN 19 Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Perry F. Renshaw
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Diagnostic Neuroimaging, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- George E. Wahlen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, VA VISN 19 Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Sujung Yoon
- Ewha Brain Institute, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - In Kyoon Lyoo
- Ewha Brain Institute, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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Robinson EA, Gleeson J, Arun AH, Clemente A, Gaillard A, Rossetti MG, Brambilla P, Bellani M, Crisanti C, Curran HV, Lorenzetti V. Measuring white matter microstructure in 1,457 cannabis users and 1,441 controls: A systematic review of diffusion-weighted MRI studies. Front Neuroimaging 2023; 2:1129587. [PMID: 37554654 PMCID: PMC10406316 DOI: 10.3389/fnimg.2023.1129587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cannabis is the most widely used regulated substance by youth and adults. Cannabis use has been associated with psychosocial problems, which have been partly ascribed to neurobiological changes. Emerging evidence to date from diffusion-MRI studies shows that cannabis users compared to controls show poorer integrity of white matter fibre tracts, which structurally connect distinct brain regions to facilitate neural communication. However, the most recent evidence from diffusion-MRI studies thus far has yet to be integrated. Therefore, it is unclear if white matter differences in cannabis users are evident consistently in selected locations, in specific diffusion-MRI metrics, and whether these differences in metrics are associated with cannabis exposure levels. METHODS We systematically reviewed the results from diffusion-MRI imaging studies that compared white matter differences between cannabis users and controls. We also examined the associations between cannabis exposure and other behavioral variables due to changes in white matter. Our review was pre-registered in PROSPERO (ID: 258250; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/). RESULTS We identified 30 diffusion-MRI studies including 1,457 cannabis users and 1,441 controls aged 16-to-45 years. All but 6 studies reported group differences in white matter integrity. The most consistent differences between cannabis users and controls were lower fractional anisotropy within the arcuate/superior longitudinal fasciculus (7 studies), and lower fractional anisotropy of the corpus callosum (6 studies) as well as higher mean diffusivity and trace (4 studies). Differences in fractional anisotropy were associated with cannabis use onset (4 studies), especially in the corpus callosum (3 studies). DISCUSSION The mechanisms underscoring white matter differences are unclear, and they may include effects of cannabis use onset during youth, neurotoxic effects or neuro adaptations from regular exposure to tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), which exerts its effects by binding to brain receptors, or a neurobiological vulnerability predating the onset of cannabis use. Future multimodal neuroimaging studies, including recently developed advanced diffusion-MRI metrics, can be used to track cannabis users over time and to define with precision when and which region of the brain the white matter changes commence in youth cannabis users, and whether cessation of use recovers white matter differences. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier: 258250.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Anne Robinson
- Neuroscience of Addiction and Mental Health Program, Healthy Brain and Mind Research Centre, School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - John Gleeson
- Digital Innovation in Mental Health and Well-Being Program, Healthy Brain and Mind Research Centre, School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Arush Honnedevasthana Arun
- Neuroscience of Addiction and Mental Health Program, Healthy Brain and Mind Research Centre, School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Adam Clemente
- Neuroscience of Addiction and Mental Health Program, Healthy Brain and Mind Research Centre, School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Alexandra Gaillard
- Neuroscience of Addiction and Mental Health Program, Healthy Brain and Mind Research Centre, School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Mental Health and Brain Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Maria Gloria Rossetti
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Brambilla
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Marcella Bellani
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Psychiatry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Camilla Crisanti
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - H. Valerie Curran
- Neuroscience of Addiction and Mental Health Program, Healthy Brain and Mind Research Centre, School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Clinical Psychopharmacology Unit, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Valentina Lorenzetti
- Neuroscience of Addiction and Mental Health Program, Healthy Brain and Mind Research Centre, School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Wolf RC, Werler F, Schmitgen MM, Wolf ND, Wittemann M, Reith W, Hirjak D. Functional correlates of neurological soft signs in heavy cannabis users. Addict Biol 2023; 28:e13270. [PMID: 36825488 DOI: 10.1111/adb.13270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Sensorimotor dysfunction has been previously reported in persons with cannabis dependence. Such individuals can exhibit increased levels of neurological soft signs (NSS), particularly involving motor coordination, sensorimotor integration and complex motor task performance. Abnormal NSS levels can also be detected in non-dependent individuals with heavy cannabis use (HCU), yet very little is known about the functional correlates underlying such deficits. Here, we used resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to investigate associations between NSS and intrinsic neural activity (INA) in HCU (n = 21) and controls (n = 26). Compared with controls, individuals with HCU showed significantly higher NSS across all investigated subdomains. Three of these subdomains, that is, motor coordination, sensorimotor integration and complex motor task behaviour, were associated with specific use-dependent variables, particularly age of onset of cannabis use and current cannabis use. Between-group comparisons of INA revealed lower regional homogeneity (ReHo) in left precentral gyrus, left inferior occipital gyrus, right triangular pat of the inferior frontal gyrus and right precentral gyrus in HCU compared with controls. In addition, HCU showed also higher ReHo in right cerebellum and left postcentral gyrus compared with controls. Complex motor task behaviour in HCU was significantly related to INA in postcentral, inferior frontal and occipital cortices. Our findings indicate abnormal ReHo in HCU in regions associated with sensorimotor, executive control and visuomotor-integration processes. Importantly, we show associations between ReHo, cannabis-use behaviour and execution of complex motor tasks. Given convergent findings in manifest psychotic disorders, this study suggests an HCU endophenotype that may present with a cumulative risk for psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Christian Wolf
- Department of General Psychiatry at the Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Florian Werler
- Department of General Psychiatry at the Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mike M Schmitgen
- Department of General Psychiatry at the Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nadine D Wolf
- Department of General Psychiatry at the Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Miriam Wittemann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Reith
- Department of Neuroradiology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Dusan Hirjak
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
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Lichenstein SD, Shaw DS, Forbes EE. Cannabis, connectivity, and coming of age: Associations between cannabis use and anterior cingulate cortex connectivity during the transition to adulthood. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:951204. [PMID: 36438638 PMCID: PMC9692120 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.951204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cannabis use is common among adolescents and emerging adults and is associated with significant adverse consequences for a subset of users. Rates of use peak between the ages of 18-25, yet the neurobiological consequences for neural systems that are actively developing during this time remain poorly understood. In particular, cannabis exposure may interfere with adaptive development of white matter pathways underlying connectivity of the anterior cingulate cortex, including the cingulum and anterior thalamic radiations (ATR). The current study examined the association between cannabis use during adolescence and emerging adulthood and white matter microstructure of the cingulum and ATR among 158 male subjects enrolled in the Pitt Mother and Child Project, a prospective, longitudinal study of risk and resilience among men of low socioeconomic status. Participants were recruited in infancy, completed follow-up assessments throughout childhood and adolescence, and underwent diffusion imaging at ages 20 and 22. At age 20, moderate cannabis use across adolescence (age 12-19) was associated with higher fractional anisotropy (FA) of the cingulum and ATR, relative to both minimal and heavy adolescent use. Longitudinally, moderate and heavy extended cannabis use (age 12-21) was associated with reduced positive change in FA in the cingulum from age 20 to 22, relative to minimal use. These longitudinal results suggest that cannabis exposure may delay cingulum maturation during the transition to adulthood and potentially impact individuals' functioning later in development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah D. Lichenstein
- Yale Imaging and Psychopharmacology (YIP) Lab, Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Daniel S. Shaw
- Pitt Parents and Children Laboratory (PPCL), Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Erika E. Forbes
- Affective Neuroscience and Developmental Psychopathology (ANDP) Lab, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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Negriff S, Dilkina B, Matai L, Rice E. Using machine learning to determine the shared and unique risk factors for marijuana use among child-welfare versus community adolescents. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0274998. [PMID: 36129944 PMCID: PMC9491564 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study used machine learning (ML) to test an empirically derived set of risk factors for marijuana use. Models were built separately for child welfare (CW) and non-CW adolescents in order to compare the variables selected as important features/risk factors. METHOD Data were from a Time 4 (Mage = 18.22) of longitudinal study of the effects of maltreatment on adolescent development (n = 350; CW = 222; non-CW = 128; 56%male). Marijuana use in the past 12 months (none versus any) was obtained from a single item self-report. Risk factors entered into the model included mental health, parent/family social support, peer risk behavior, self-reported risk behavior, self-esteem, and self-reported adversities (e.g., abuse, neglect, witnessing family violence or community violence). RESULTS The ML approaches indicated 80% accuracy in predicting marijuana use in the CW group and 85% accuracy in the non-CW group. In addition, the top features differed for the CW and non-CW groups with peer marijuana use emerging as the most important risk factor for CW youth, whereas externalizing behavior was the most important for the non-CW group. The most important common risk factor between group was gender, with males having higher risk. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to examine the shared and unique risk factors for marijuana use for CW and non-CW youth using a machine learning approach. The results support our assertion that there may be similar risk factors for both groups, but there are also risks unique to each population. Therefore, risk factors derived from normative populations may not have the same importance when used for CW youth. These differences should be considered in clinical practice when assessing risk for substance use among adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonya Negriff
- Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, California, United States of America
| | - Bistra Dilkina
- Department of Computer Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Laksh Matai
- Department of Computer Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Eric Rice
- Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
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Xu X, Jin Y, Pan N, Cao M, Jing J, Ma J, Fan X, Tan S, Song X, Li X. A Diffusion Tensor Imaging Study on the White Matter Structures Related to the Phonology in Cantonese-Mandarin Bilinguals. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:851669. [PMID: 35601910 PMCID: PMC9120590 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.851669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cantonese and Mandarin are logographic languages, and the phonology is the main difference between the two languages. It is unclear whether the long-term experience of Cantonese-Mandarin bilingualism will shape different brain white matter structures related to phonological processing. A total of 30 Cantonese-Mandarin bilinguals and 30 Mandarin monolinguals completed diffusion-weighted imaging scan and phonological processing tasks. The tractography and tract-based spatial statistics were used to investigate the structural differences in the bilateral superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF), inferior longitudinal fasciculus (ILF), and inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus (IFOF) between Cantonese-Mandarin bilinguals and Mandarin monolinguals. The post-hoc correlation analysis was conducted to investigate the relationship between the different structures with phonological processing skills. Compared to the Mandarin monolinguals, the Cantonese-Mandarin bilinguals had higher fractional anisotropy (FA) along the left ILFs higher mean diffusivity (MD) along the right IFOF and the temporoparietal segment of SLF (tSLF), higher axial diffusivity (AD) in the right IFOF and left ILF, and lower number of streamlines in the bilateral tSLF. The mean AD of the different voxels in the right IFOF and the mean FA of the different voxels in the left ILF were positively correlated with the inverse efficiency score (IES) of the Cantonese auditory and Mandarin visual rhyming judgment tasks, respectively, within the bilingual group. The correlation between FA and IES was different among the groups. The long-term experience of Cantonese-Mandarin bilinguals shapes the different brain white matter structures in tSLF, IFOF, and ILF. Compared to the monolinguals, the bilinguals' white matter showed higher diffusivity, especially in the axonal direction. These changes were related to bilinguals' phonological processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Xu
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuying Jin
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ning Pan
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Muqing Cao
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin Jing
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingwen Ma
- Guangdong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Fan
- Wuhan Children’s Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Si Tan
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojing Song
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiuhong Li
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Cousijn J, Toenders YJ, Velzen LS, Kaag AM. The relation between cannabis use, dependence severity and white matter microstructure: A diffusion tensor imaging study. Addict Biol 2022; 27:e13081. [PMID: 34402136 PMCID: PMC9285423 DOI: 10.1111/adb.13081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Despite the significant societal and personal burden of cannabis use, the impact of long‐term use and Cannabis Use Disorder (CUD) on white matter microstructure is still unclear. Previous studies show inconsistent findings, in part due to heterogeneity in methodology, variable severity of cannabis use, and potential confounding effects of other mental health issues and substance use. The goal of this diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) study was to compare whole‐brain white matter microstructure between 39 near daily cannabis users and 28 controls closely matched on age, sex, alcohol use, cigarette use and mental health. Within the group of cannabis users, associations between white matter microstructure and recent cannabis use, dependence severity, and age of onset and duration of weekly use were investigated. White matter microstructure did not differ between cannabis users and controls and did not covary with recent cannabis use, dependence severity, or duration of use. Earlier onset of weekly cannabis use was related to lower fractional anisotropy (FA) in various sections of the right inferior longitudinal fasciculus and uncinate fasciculus. These findings suggest that long‐term near‐daily cannabis use does not necessarily affect white matter microstructure, but vulnerability may be higher during adolescence. These findings underscore the importance of sample composition and warrant further studies that investigate the moderating role of age of onset in the impact of cannabis on the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janna Cousijn
- Neuroscience of Addiction (NofA) Lab, Department of Psychology, Education & Child Studies Erasmus University Rotterdam Rotterdam The Netherlands
- Department of Psychology University of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Yara J. Toenders
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health Parkville Victoria Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health The University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria Australia
| | - Laura S. Velzen
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health Parkville Victoria Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health The University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria Australia
| | - Anne Marije Kaag
- Department of Clinical, Neuro‐ and Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Behavioral and Movement Sciences, Institute for Brain and Behavior Amsterdam Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam The Netherlands
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Delfin C, Wallinius M, Björnsdotter M, Ruzich E, Andiné P. Prolonged NoGo P3 latency as a possible neurobehavioral correlate of aggressive and antisocial behaviors: A Go/NoGo ERP study. Biol Psychol 2021; 168:108245. [PMID: 34958853 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2021.108245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Aggressive and antisocial behaviors are detrimental to society and constitute major challenges in forensic mental health settings, yet the associated neural circuitry remains poorly understood. Here, we investigated differences in aggressive and antisocial behaviors between healthy controls (n = 20) and violent mentally disordered offenders (MDOs; n = 26), and examined associations between aggressive and antisocial behaviors, behavioral inhibitory control, and neurophysiological activity across the whole sample (n = 46). Event-related potentials were obtained using EEG while participants completed a Go/NoGo response inhibition task, and aggressive and antisocial behaviors were assessed with the Life History of Aggression (LHA) instrument. Using a robust Bayesian linear regression approach, we found that MDOs scored substantially higher than healthy controls on LHA Aggression and Antisocial subscales. Using the whole sample and after adjusting for age, we found that scores on the LHA Aggression and Antisocial subscales were robustly associated with longer NoGo P3 latency, and less robustly with longer NoGo N2 latency. Post-hoc analyzes suggested that healthy controls and MDOs exhibited similar associations. With several limitations in mind, we suggest that prolonged NoGo P3 latency, reflecting decreased neural efficiency during the later stages of conflict monitoring or outcome evaluation, is a potential neurobehavioral correlate of aggressive and antisocial behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl Delfin
- Lund Clinical Research on Externalizing and Developmental Psychopathology, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Centre for Ethics, Law and Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Research Department, Regional Forensic Psychiatric Clinic, Växjö, Sweden.
| | - Märta Wallinius
- Lund Clinical Research on Externalizing and Developmental Psychopathology, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Centre for Ethics, Law and Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Research Department, Regional Forensic Psychiatric Clinic, Växjö, Sweden
| | - Malin Björnsdotter
- Department of Affective Psychiatry, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Emily Ruzich
- MedTech West, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Peter Andiné
- Centre for Ethics, Law and Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Forensic Psychiatric Clinic, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Forensic Psychiatry, National Board of Forensic Medicine, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Kumari R, Ranjan JK, Verma S. Cannabis use, polysubstance use, and psychosis prodrome among first-degree relatives of patients with schizophrenia. Journal of Substance Use 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/14659891.2021.1989510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rajbala Kumari
- Department of Psychology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Jay Kumar Ranjan
- Department of Psychology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Saroj Verma
- Department of Psychology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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Coleman LG, Crews FT, Vetreno RP. The persistent impact of adolescent binge alcohol on adult brain structural, cellular, and behavioral pathology: A role for the neuroimmune system and epigenetics. Int Rev Neurobiol 2021; 160:1-44. [PMID: 34696871 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2021.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Adolescence is a critical neurodevelopmental window for maturation of brain structure, neurocircuitry, and glia. This development is sculpted by an individual's unique experiences and genetic background to establish adult level cognitive function and behavioral makeup. Alcohol abuse during adolescence is associated with an increased lifetime risk for developing an alcohol use disorder (AUD). Adolescents participate in heavy, episodic binge drinking that causes persistent changes in neurocircuitry and behavior. These changes may underlie the increased risk for AUD and might also promote cognitive deficits later in life. In this chapter, we have examined research on the persistent effects of adolescent binge-drinking both in humans and in rodent models. These studies implicate roles for neuroimmune signaling as well as epigenetic reprogramming of neurons and glia, which create a vulnerable neuroenvironment. Some of these changes are reversible, giving hope for future treatments to prevent many of the long-term consequences of adolescent alcohol abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon G Coleman
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States; Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.
| | - Fulton T Crews
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States; Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States; Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Ryan P Vetreno
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States; Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
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15
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He X, Rodriguez-Moreno DV, Cycowicz YM, Cheslack-Postava K, Tang H, Wang Z, Amsel LV, Ryan M, Geronazzo-Alman L, Musa GJ, Bisaga A, Hoven CW. White matter integrity and functional connectivity in adolescents with a parental history of substance use disorder. Neuroimage: Reports 2021; 1. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ynirp.2021.100037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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16
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Velasco B, Mohamed E, Sato-Bigbee C. Endogenous and exogenous opioid effects on oligodendrocyte biology and developmental brain myelination. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2021; 86:107002. [PMID: 34126203 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2021.107002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The elevated presence of opioid receptors and their ligands throughout the developing brain points to the existence of maturational functions of the endogenous opioid system that still remain poorly understood. The alarmingly increasing rates of opioid use and abuse underscore the urgent need for clear identification of those functions and the cellular bases and molecular mechanisms underlying their physiological roles under normal and pathological conditions. This review is focused on current knowledge on the direct and indirect regulatory roles that opioids may have on oligodendrocyte development and their generation of myelin, a complex insulating membrane that not only facilitates rapid impulse conduction but also participates in mechanisms of brain plasticity and adaptation. Information is examined in relation to the importance of endogenous opioid function, as well as direct and indirect effects of opioid analogues, which like methadone and buprenorphine are used in medication-assisted therapies for opioid addiction during pregnancy and pharmacotherapy in neonatal abstinence syndrome. Potential opioid effects are also discussed regarding late myelination of the brain prefrontal cortex in adolescents and young adults. Such knowledge is fundamental for the design of safer pharmacological interventions for opioid abuse, minimizing deleterious effects in the developing nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Velasco
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Esraa Mohamed
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Carmen Sato-Bigbee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA.
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17
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Zhao Q, Sullivan EV, Honnorat N, Adeli E, Podhajsky S, De Bellis MD, Voyvodic J, Nooner KB, Baker FC, Colrain IM, Tapert SF, Brown SA, Thompson WK, Nagel BJ, Clark DB, Pfefferbaum A, Pohl KM. Association of Heavy Drinking With Deviant Fiber Tract Development in Frontal Brain Systems in Adolescents. JAMA Psychiatry 2021; 78:407-415. [PMID: 33377940 PMCID: PMC7774050 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2020.4064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Maturation of white matter fiber systems subserves cognitive, behavioral, emotional, and motor development during adolescence. Hazardous drinking during this active neurodevelopmental period may alter the trajectory of white matter microstructural development, potentially increasing risk for developing alcohol-related dysfunction and alcohol use disorder in adulthood. OBJECTIVE To identify disrupted adolescent microstructural brain development linked to drinking onset and to assess whether the disruption is more pronounced in younger rather than older adolescents. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This case-control study, conducted from January 13, 2013, to January 15, 2019, consisted of an analysis of 451 participants from the National Consortium on Alcohol and Neurodevelopment in Adolescence cohort. Participants were aged 12 to 21 years at baseline and had at least 2 usable magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) scans and up to 5 examination visits spanning 4 years. Participants with a youth-adjusted Cahalan score of 0 were labeled as no-to-low drinkers; those with a score of greater than 1 for at least 2 consecutive visits were labeled as heavy drinkers. Exploratory analysis was conducted between no-to-low and heavy drinkers. A between-group analysis was conducted between age- and sex-matched youths, and a within-participant analysis was performed before and after drinking. EXPOSURES Self-reported alcohol consumption in the past year summarized by categorical drinking levels. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Diffusion tensor imaging measurement of fractional anisotropy (FA) in the whole brain and fiber systems quantifying the developmental change of each participant as a slope. RESULTS Analysis of whole-brain FA of 451 adolescents included 291 (64.5%) no-to-low drinkers and 160 (35.5%) heavy drinkers who indicated the potential for a deleterious association of alcohol with microstructural development. Among the no-to-low drinkers, 142 (48.4%) were boys with mean (SD) age of 16.5 (2.2) years and 149 (51.2%) were girls with mean (SD) age of 16.5 (2.1) years and 192 (66.0%) were White participants. Among the heavy drinkers, 86 (53.8%) were boys with mean (SD) age of 20.1 (1.5) years and 74 (46.3%) were girls with mean (SD) age of 20.5 (2.0) years and 142 (88.8%) were White participants. A group analysis revealed FA reduction in heavy-drinking youth compared with age- and sex-matched controls (t154 = -2.7, P = .008). The slope of this reduction correlated with log of days of drinking since the baseline visit (r156 = -0.21, 2-tailed P = .008). A within-participant analysis contrasting developmental trajectories of youths before and after they initiated heavy drinking supported the prediction that drinking onset was associated with and potentially preceded disrupted white matter integrity. Age-alcohol interactions (t152 = 3.0, P = .004) observed for the FA slopes indicated that the alcohol-associated disruption was greater in younger than older adolescents and was most pronounced in the genu and body of the corpus callosum, regions known to continue developing throughout adolescence. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE This case-control study of adolescents found a deleterious association of alcohol use with white matter microstructural integrity. These findings support the concept of heightened vulnerability to environmental agents, including alcohol, associated with attenuated development of major white matter tracts in early adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyu Zhao
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Edith V. Sullivan
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Nicolas Honnorat
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, California
| | - Ehsan Adeli
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Simon Podhajsky
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, California
| | - Michael D. De Bellis
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - James Voyvodic
- Department of Radiology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Kate B. Nooner
- Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina, Wilmington
| | - Fiona C. Baker
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, California
| | - Ian M. Colrain
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, California
| | - Susan F. Tapert
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Sandra A. Brown
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla,Department of Psychology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Wesley K. Thompson
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Bonnie J. Nagel
- Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland
| | - Duncan B. Clark
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Adolf Pfefferbaum
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California,Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, California
| | - Kilian M. Pohl
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California,Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, California
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Sultan AA, Kennedy KG, Fiksenbaum L, MacIntosh BJ, Goldstein BI. Neurostructural Correlates of Cannabis Use in Adolescent Bipolar Disorder. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2021; 24:181-190. [PMID: 33103721 PMCID: PMC7968618 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyaa077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known regarding the association of cannabis use with brain structure in adolescents with bipolar disorder (BD). This subject is timely, given expanded availability of cannabis contemporaneously with increased social acceptance and diminished societal constraints to access. Therefore, we set out to examine this topic in a sample of adolescents with BD and healthy control (HC) adolescents. METHODS Participants included 144 adolescents (47 BD with cannabis use [BDCB+; including 13 with cannabis use disorder], 34 BD without cannabis use [BDCB-], 63 HC without cannabis use) ages 13-20 years. FreeSurfer-processed 3T MRI with T1-weighted contrast yielded measures of cortical thickness, surface area (SA), and volume. Region of interest (amygdala, hippocampus, ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, ventromedial prefrontal cortex, and anterior cingulate cortex) analyses and exploratory vertex-wise analysis were undertaken. A general linear model tested for between-group differences, accounting for age, sex, and intracranial volume. RESULTS Vertex-wise analysis revealed significant group effects in frontal and parietal regions. In post-hoc analyses, BDCB+ exhibited larger volume and SA in parietal regions, and smaller thickness in frontal regions, relative to HC and BDCB-. BDCB- had smaller volume, SA, and thickness in parietal and frontal regions relative to HC. There were no significant region of interest findings after correcting for multiple comparisons. CONCLUSION This study found that cannabis use is associated with differences in regional brain structure among adolescents with BD. Future prospective studies are necessary to determine the direction of the observed association and to assess for dose effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alysha A Sultan
- Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Kody G Kennedy
- Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Lisa Fiksenbaum
- Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Bradley J MacIntosh
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences & Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
- Heart and Stroke Foundation Canadian Partnership for Stroke Recovery, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Benjamin I Goldstein
- Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Heart and Stroke Foundation Canadian Partnership for Stroke Recovery, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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20
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Hamidullah S, Thorpe HHA, Frie JA, Mccurdy RD, Khokhar JY. Adolescent Substance Use and the Brain: Behavioral, Cognitive and Neuroimaging Correlates. Front Hum Neurosci 2020; 14:298. [PMID: 32848673 PMCID: PMC7418456 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2020.00298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Adolescence is an important ontogenetic period that is characterized by behaviors such as enhanced novelty-seeking, impulsivity, and reward preference, which can give rise to an increased risk for substance use. While substance use rates in adolescence are generally on a decline, the current rates combined with emerging trends, such as increases in e-cigarette use, remain a significant public health concern. In this review, we focus on the neurobiological divergences associated with adolescent substance use, derived from a cross-sectional, retrospective, and longitudinal studies, and highlight how the use of these substances during adolescence may relate to behavioral and neuroimaging-based outcomes. Identifying and understanding the associations between adolescent substance use and changes in cognition, mental health, and future substance use risk may assist our understanding of the consequences of drug exposure during this critical window.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hayley H A Thorpe
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Jude A Frie
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Richard D Mccurdy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Jibran Y Khokhar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
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Ho TC, Colich NL, Sisk LM, Oskirko K, Jo B, Gotlib IH. Sex differences in the effects of gonadal hormones on white matter microstructure development in adolescence. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2020; 42:100773. [PMID: 32452463 PMCID: PMC7058897 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2020.100773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Adolescence is characterized by rapid brain development in white matter (WM) that is attributed in part to surges in gonadal hormones. To date, however, there have been few longitudinal investigations relating changes in gonadal hormones and WM development in adolescents. We acquired diffusion-weighted MRI to estimate mean fractional anisotropy (FA) from 10 WM tracts and salivary testosterone from 51 females and 29 males (ages 9-14 years) who were matched on pubertal stage and followed, on average, for 2 years. We tested whether interactions between sex and changes in testosterone levels significantly explained changes in FA. We found positive associations between changes in testosterone and changes in FA within the corpus callosum, cingulum cingulate, and corticospinal tract in females (all ps<0.05, corrected) and non-significant associations in males. We also collected salivary estradiol from females and found that increases in estradiol were associated with increases in FA in the left uncinate fasciculus (p = 0.04, uncorrected); however, this effect was no longer significant after accounting for changes in testosterone. Our findings indicate there are sex differences in how changes in testosterone relate to changes in WM microstructure of tracts that support impulse control and emotion regulation across the pubertal transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany C Ho
- Stanford University, Department of Psychology, Stanford, CA, United States; Stanford University, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford, CA, United States; University of California, San Francisco, Department of Psychiatry & Weill Institute for Neurosciences, San Francisco, CA, United States.
| | - Natalie L Colich
- University of Washington, Department of Psychology, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Lucinda M Sisk
- Stanford University, Department of Psychology, Stanford, CA, United States; Yale University, Department of Psychology, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Kira Oskirko
- Stanford University, Department of Psychology, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Booil Jo
- Stanford University, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Ian H Gotlib
- Stanford University, Department of Psychology, Stanford, CA, United States
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Blest-Hopley G, Colizzi M, Giampietro V, Bhattacharyya S. Is the Adolescent Brain at Greater Vulnerability to the Effects of Cannabis? A Narrative Review of the Evidence. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:859. [PMID: 33005157 PMCID: PMC7479242 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cannabis use during the critical neurodevelopmental period of adolescence, may lead to brain structural, functional, and histological alterations that may underpin some of the longer-term behavioral and psychological harms associated with it. The endocannabinoid system performs a key regulatory and homeostatic role, that undergoes developmental changes during adolescence making it potentially more susceptible to the effects of exposure to cannabis during adolescence. Here, we synthesize evidence from human studies of adolescent cannabis users showing alterations in cognitive performance as well as in brain structure and function with relevant preclinical evidence to summarize the current state of knowledge. We also focus on the limited evidence that speaks to the hypothesis that cannabis use during adolescence, may pose a greater risk than use during adulthood, identify gaps in current evidence and suggest directions for new research. Existing literature is consistent with the association of cannabis use during adolescence and neurological changes. Adolescence cannabis users show altered functional connectivity within known functional circuits, that may underlie inefficient recruitment of brain regions, as largely increased functional activation has been observed compared to controls. This disruption in some cases may contribute to the development of adverse mental health conditions; increasing the chances or accelerating the onset, of their development. Preclinical evidence, further supports disruption from cannabis use being specific to the developmental period. Future studies are required to better investigate adolescent cannabis use with more accuracy using better defined groups or longitudinal studies and examine the permanency of these changes following caseation of use. Furthermore, research is required to identify heritable risk factors to cannabis use. There is a need for caution when considering the therapeutic potential of cannabis for adolescence and particularly in public discourse leading to potential trivialization of possible harm from cannabis use in adolescence. Current evidence indicates that adolescence is a sensitive period during which cannabis use may result in adverse neurocognitive effects that appear to show a level of permanency into adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Blest-Hopley
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - Marco Colizzi
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, United Kingdom.,Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Italy
| | - Vincent Giampietro
- Department of Neuroimaging, Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - Sagnik Bhattacharyya
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, United Kingdom.,South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
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23
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Shen Q, Heikkinen N, Kärkkäinen O, Gröhn H, Könönen M, Liu Y, Kaarre O, Zhang Z, Tan C, Tolmunen T, Vanninen R. Effects of long-term adolescent alcohol consumption on white matter integrity and their correlations with metabolic alterations. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2019; 294:111003. [PMID: 31726326 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2019.111003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol-related white matter (WM) microstructural changes have not been fully elucidated in adolescents. We aimed to investigate influences of subclinical alcohol use during adolescence on WM microstructure and to characterize those with serum metabolic alterations. 35 moderate-to-heavy drinkers (15 males, 20 females) and 27 controls (12 males, 15 females) were selected based on their ten-year Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test scores measured at three time points. Magnetic resonance imaging was conducted at endpoint time. Whole brain analysis of fractional anisotropy (FA) was performed. Diffusivity indices in the significant regions were computed for between-group comparisons and correlation analyses with serum metabolite concentrations. Decreased FA was found in moderate-to-heavy drinking men in anterior corpus callosum, superior/anterior corona radiata and right inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, accompanied by increased radial diffusivity and a smaller area of reduced axial diffusivity, which correlated with serum metabolites playing roles in energy metabolism, myelination and axonal degeneration. No significant difference in FA was detected between female or mixed-gender moderate-to-heavy drinking subjects and controls, supporting gender differences in the relationship between adolescent alcohol use and neurodevelopmental trajectories. Future researches with longitudinal imaging data are warranted for comprehensive evaluation on potentially reversible effects of alcohol use over adolescent brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Shen
- Department of Radiology, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China; Department of Clinical Radiology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Noora Heikkinen
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland; Doctoral Programme of Clinical Research, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Olli Kärkkäinen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Forensic Psychiatry, University of Eastern Finland, Niuvanniemi Hospital, Finland; School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Heidi Gröhn
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mervi Könönen
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Yawu Liu
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Neurology, University of Kuopio, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Outi Kaarre
- Doctoral Programme of Clinical Research, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Adolescent Psychiatry, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Zishu Zhang
- Department of Radiology, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Changlian Tan
- Department of Radiology, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Tommi Tolmunen
- Department of Psychiatry, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ritva Vanninen
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Clinical Radiology, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
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24
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Abstract
As an increasing number of states legalize cannabis use for recreational and/or medical purposes, it is increasingly important to understand the neural and cognitive consequences of recreational cannabis use in adolescent consumers. Adolescence is marked by ongoing neuromaturational processes, making this a particularly vulnerable period, particularly regarding exposure to drugs, including cannabis. This review highlights evidence from studies documenting the neural impact of cannabis use in adolescence and explores mediating factors related to cannabis use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin Mashhoon
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, 2 West, Room 305, 401 Park Drive, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Behavioral Psychopharmacology Research Laboratory, McLean Imaging Center, Mclean Hospital, 115 Mill Street, Mailstop 204, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
| | - Kelly A Sagar
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, 2 West, Room 305, 401 Park Drive, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Cognitive and Clinical Neuroimaging Core, McLean Hospital, McLean Imaging Center, 115 Mill Street, Mailstop 204, Belmont, MA 02478, USA; Marijuana Investigations for Neuroscientific Discovery, McLean Hospital, McLean Imaging Center, 115 Mill Street, Mailstop 204, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
| | - Staci A Gruber
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, 2 West, Room 305, 401 Park Drive, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Cognitive and Clinical Neuroimaging Core, McLean Hospital, McLean Imaging Center, 115 Mill Street, Mailstop 204, Belmont, MA 02478, USA; Marijuana Investigations for Neuroscientific Discovery, McLean Hospital, McLean Imaging Center, 115 Mill Street, Mailstop 204, Belmont, MA 02478, USA.
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25
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Chumin EJ, Grecco GG, Dzemidzic M, Cheng H, Finn P, Sporns O, Newman SD, Yoder KK. Alterations in White Matter Microstructure and Connectivity in Young Adults with Alcohol Use Disorder. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2019; 43:1170-1179. [PMID: 30977902 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies have shown differences in volume and structure in the brains of individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD). Most research has focused on neuropathological effects of alcohol that appear after years of chronic alcohol misuse. However, few studies have investigated white matter (WM) microstructure and diffusion MRI-based (DWI) connectivity during early stages of AUD. Therefore, the goal of this work was to investigate WM integrity and structural connectivity in emerging adulthood AUD subjects using both conventional DWI metrics and a novel connectomics approach. METHODS Twenty-two AUD and 18 controls (CON) underwent anatomic and diffusion MRI. Outcome measures were scalar diffusion metrics and structural network connectomes. Tract-Based Spatial Statistics was used to investigate group differences in diffusion measures. Structural connectomes were used as input into a community structure procedure to obtain a coclassification index matrix (an indicator of community association strength) for each subject. Differences in coclassification and structural connectivity (indexed by streamline density) were assessed via the Network Based Statistics Toolbox. RESULTS AUD had higher fractional anisotropy (FA) values throughout the major WM tracts, but also had lower FA values in WM tracts in the cerebellum and right insula (pTFCE < 0.05). Mean diffusivity was generally lower in the AUD group (pTFCE < 0.05). AUD had lower coclassification of nodes between ventral attention and default mode networks and higher coclassification between nodes of visual, default mode, and somatomotor networks. Additionally, AUD had higher fiber density between an adjacent pair of nodes within the default mode network. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that emerging adulthood AUD subjects may have differential patterns of FA and distinct differences in structural connectomes compared with CON. These data suggest that such alterations in microstructure and structural connectivity may uniquely characterize early stages of AUD and/or a predisposition for development of AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny J Chumin
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.,Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Gregory G Grecco
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.,Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.,Medical Scientist Training Program, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Mario Dzemidzic
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.,Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.,Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Hu Cheng
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana.,Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana
| | - Peter Finn
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana
| | - Olaf Sporns
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana.,Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana
| | - Sharlene D Newman
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana.,Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana
| | - Karmen K Yoder
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.,Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.,Department of Psychology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana
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26
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Jones SA, Nagel BJ. Altered frontostriatal white matter microstructure is associated with familial alcoholism and future binge drinking in adolescence. Neuropsychopharmacology 2019; 44:1076-1083. [PMID: 30636769 PMCID: PMC6461789 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-019-0315-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Adolescence is a time of significant neurobiological development, including changes in white matter microstructure. Familial alcoholism and adolescent binge-drinking have both been associated with altered white matter microstructure; however, the temporal nature of these effects, and their interaction, is unclear. Using diffusion-weighted imaging and voxel-wise multilevel modeling, the effects of familial alcoholism and future binge-drinking on white matter microstructural development were assessed in 45 adolescents, who went on to binge-drink (but were alcohol-naive at baseline), and 68 adolescents, who remained largely alcohol-naive, all with varying degrees of familial alcoholism. Both future binge-drinking and familial alcoholism were associated with altered frontostriatal white matter microstructure early in adolescence, prior to alcohol use. While several binge-drinking-related effects persisted throughout adolescence (in the posterior limb of the internal capsule, superior corona radiata, and cerebellar peduncles), the association between familial alcoholism and altered white matter microstructure dissipated across adolescence in all regions. There were no white matter regions identified where future binge-drinking or familial alcoholism were significantly associated with emergent or exacerbated alterations in white matter microstructure. Altogether, these findings suggest that alterations in frontostiatal white matter microstructure, some of which are associated with familial alcoholism, may be used to predict which adolescents are more likely to go on and engage in alcohol use. Meanwhile, a reduction in family history-related associations with altered white matter microstructure by late-adolescence is encouraging for future prevention work targeted at at-risk youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott A Jones
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Bonnie J Nagel
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
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27
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Hampton WH, Hanik IM, Olson IR. Substance abuse and white matter: Findings, limitations, and future of diffusion tensor imaging research. Drug Alcohol Depend 2019; 197:288-298. [PMID: 30875650 PMCID: PMC6440853 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Individuals who abuse substances often differ from nonusers in their brain structure. Substance abuse and addiction is often associated with atrophy and pathology of grey matter, but much less is known about the role of white matter, which constitutes over half of human brain volume. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), a method for non-invasively estimating white matter, is increasingly being used to study addiction and substance abuse. Here we review recent DTI studies of major substances of abuse (alcohol, opiates, cocaine, cannabis, and nicotine substance abuse) to examine the relationship, specificity, causality, and permanence of substance-related differences in white matter microstructure. Across substance, users tended to exhibit differences in the microstructure of major fiber pathways, such as the corpus callosum. The direction of these differences, however, appeared substance-dependent. The subsample of longitudinal studies reviewed suggests that substance abuse may cause changes in white matter, though it is unclear to what extent such alterations are permanent. While collectively informative, some studies reviewed were limited by methodological and technical approach. We therefore also provide methodological guidance for future research using DTI to study substance abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- William H Hampton
- Department of Psychology, College of Liberal Arts, Temple University, United States
| | - Italia M Hanik
- Department of Psychology, College of Liberal Arts, Temple University, United States
| | - Ingrid R Olson
- Department of Psychology, College of Liberal Arts, Temple University, United States.
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28
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Hinton KE, Lahey BB, Villalta-Gil V, Meyer FAC, Burgess LL, Chodes LK, Applegate B, Van Hulle CA, Landman BA, Zald DH. White matter microstructure correlates of general and specific second-order factors of psychopathology. Neuroimage Clin 2019; 22:101705. [PMID: 30753960 PMCID: PMC6369105 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2019.101705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Increasing data indicate that prevalent forms of psychopathology can be organized into second-order dimensions based on their correlations, including a general factor of psychopathology that explains the common variance among all disorders and specific second-order externalizing and internalizing factors. Nevertheless, most existing studies on the neural correlates of psychopathology employ case-control designs that treat diagnoses as independent categories, ignoring the highly correlated nature of psychopathology. Thus, for instance, although perturbations in white matter microstructure have been identified across a range of mental disorders, nearly all such studies used case-control designs, leaving it unclear whether observed relations reflect disorder-specific characteristics or transdiagnostic associations. Using a representative sample of 410 young adult twins oversampled for psychopathology risk, we tested the hypothesis that some previously observed relations between white matter microstructure properties in major tracts and specific disorders are related to second-order factors of psychopathology. We examined fractional anisotropy (FA), radial diffusivity (RD), and axial diffusivity (AD). White matter correlates of all second-order factors were identified after controlling for multiple statistical tests, including the general factor (FA in the body of the corpus callosum), specific internalizing (AD in the fornix), and specific externalizing (AD in the splenium of the corpus callosum, sagittal stratum, anterior corona radiata, and internal capsule). These findings suggest that some features of white matter within specific tracts may be transdiagnostically associated multiple forms of psychopathology through second-order factors of psychopathology rather with than individual mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kendra E Hinton
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States.
| | - Benjamin B Lahey
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Victoria Villalta-Gil
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Francisco A C Meyer
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Leah L Burgess
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Laura K Chodes
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Brooks Applegate
- Department of Educational Leadership, Research and Technology, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, United States
| | - Carol A Van Hulle
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Bennett A Landman
- School of Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - David H Zald
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
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29
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Ganesh S, Vidya K, Rashid AA, Singh J, D’souza DC. Revisiting the Consequences of Adolescent Cannabinoid Exposure Through the Lens of the Endocannabinoid System. Curr Addict Rep 2018; 5:418-27. [DOI: 10.1007/s40429-018-0233-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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30
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Suryadevara U, Bruijnzeel DM, Nuthi M, Jagnarine DA, Tandon R, Bruijnzeel AW. Pros and Cons of Medical Cannabis use by People with Chronic Brain Disorders. Curr Neuropharmacol 2018; 15:800-814. [PMID: 27804883 PMCID: PMC5652027 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x14666161101095325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2016] [Revised: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cannabis is the most widely used illicit drug in the world and there is growing concern about the mental health effects of cannabis use. These concerns are at least partly due to the strong increase in recreational and medical cannabis use and the rise in tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) levels. Cannabis is widely used to self-medicate by older people and people with brain disorders such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), multiple sclerosis (MS), Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia. OBJECTIVE This review provides an overview of the perceived benefits and adverse mental health effects of cannabis use in people with ALS, MS, AD, PD, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia. RESULTS The reviewed studies indicate that cannabis use diminishes some symptoms associated with these disorders. Cannabis use decreases pain and spasticity in people with MS, decreases tremor, rigidity, and pain in people with PD, and improves the quality of life of ALS patients by improving appetite, and decreasing pain and spasticity. Cannabis use is more common among people with schizophrenia than healthy controls. Cannabis use is a risk factor for schizophrenia which increases positive symptoms in schizophrenia patients and diminishes negative symptoms. Cannabis use worsens bipolar disorder and there is no evidence that bipolar patients derive any benefit from cannabis. In late stage Alzheimer's patients, cannabis products may improve food intake, sleep quality, and diminish agitation. CONCLUSION Cannabis use diminishes some of the adverse effects of neurological and psychiatric disorders. However, chronic cannabis use may lead to cognitive impairments and dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uma Suryadevara
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Dawn M Bruijnzeel
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Meena Nuthi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Darin A Jagnarine
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Rajiv Tandon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Adriaan W Bruijnzeel
- University of Florida, College of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, 1149 Newell Dr. Gainesville, FL, United States
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31
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Levar N, Francis AN, Smith MJ, Ho WC, Gilman JM. Verbal Memory Performance and Reduced Cortical Thickness of Brain Regions Along the Uncinate Fasciculus in Young Adult Cannabis Users. Cannabis Cannabinoid Res 2018; 3:56-65. [PMID: 29607411 PMCID: PMC5870060 DOI: 10.1089/can.2017.0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Memory impairment is one of the most commonly reported effects of cannabis use, especially among those who initiate use earlier, perhaps due to the effects of delta-9- tetrahydrocannabinol on cannabinoid (CB1) receptors in the brain. Studies have increasingly investigated whether cannabis use is associated with impairments in verbal memory, and with alterations in brain structures underlying verbal memory. The uncinate fasciculus (UF), a long-range white matter tract, connects regions with densely localized CB1 receptors that are important in verbal memory. This study investigated the impact of cannabis use on UF structures and its association with memory performance in young adult cannabis users (CU) and non-using controls (CON). Materials and Methods: Nineteen CU and 22 CON completed a verbal memory task and a neuroimaging protocol, in which diffusion tensor imaging and structural scans were collected. We compared memory performance, diffusion and tractography measures of the UF, and cortical thickness of regions connected by the UF, between CU and CON. In regions showing a significant group effect, we also examined associations between verbal memory performance, cortical thickness, and age of onset of cannabis use. Results: Compared to non-users, CU had worse memory performance, decreased fiber bundle length in the UF, and decreased cortical thickness of brain regions along the UF such as the entorhinal cortex and fusiform gyrus. Verbal memory performance was significantly associated with age of onset of cannabis use, indicating that those who initiated cannabis use at an earlier age performed worse. Cortical thickness of the entorhinal cortex was significantly correlated with age of first use and memory performance. Conclusion: This study provides evidence that cannabis use, especially when initiated at a young age, may be associated with worse verbal memory and altered neural development along the UF. Reductions in cortical thickness in regions implicated in memory processes may underlie weaknesses in verbal memory performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Levar
- Center for Addiction Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Alan N Francis
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts
| | - Matthew J Smith
- School of Social Work, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Wilson C Ho
- Center for Addiction Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jodi M Gilman
- Center for Addiction Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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32
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Lisdahl KM, Sher KJ, Conway KP, Gonzalez R, Feldstein Ewing SW, Nixon SJ, Tapert S, Bartsch H, Goldstein RZ, Heitzeg M. Adolescent brain cognitive development (ABCD) study: Overview of substance use assessment methods. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2018; 32:80-96. [PMID: 29559216 PMCID: PMC6375310 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2018.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the objectives of the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study (https://abcdstudy.org/) is to establish a national longitudinal cohort of 9 and 10 year olds that will be followed for 10 years in order to prospectively study the risk and protective factors influencing substance use and its consequences, examine the impact of substance use on neurocognitive, health and psychosocial outcomes, and to understand the relationship between substance use and psychopathology. This article provides an overview of the ABCD Study Substance Use Workgroup, provides the goals for the workgroup, rationale for the substance use battery, and includes details on the substance use module methods and measurement tools used during baseline, 6-month and 1-year follow-up assessment time-points. Prospective, longitudinal assessment of these substance use domains over a period of ten years in a nationwide sample of youth presents an unprecedented opportunity to further understand the timing and interactive relationships between substance use and neurocognitive, health, and psychopathology outcomes in youth living in the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krista M Lisdahl
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 2441 East Hartford Ave, 224 Garland Hall, Milwaukee, WI, 53211, United States.
| | - Kenneth J Sher
- Curators' Professor of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, 210 McAlester Hall, Columbia, MO 65211, United States
| | - Kevin P Conway
- Division of Epidemiology, Services and Prevention Research, National Institute on Drug Abuse,6001 Executive Boulevard, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Raul Gonzalez
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University,11200 SW 8th Street AHC-4, 461, Miami, FL 33199, United States
| | - Sarah W Feldstein Ewing
- Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Mail code: DC7P, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Portland OR 97239, United States
| | - Sara Jo Nixon
- Department of Psychiatry, P.O. Box 100256, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States
| | - Susan Tapert
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0603, United States
| | - Hauke Bartsch
- Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics, Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego,9452 Medical Center Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92037, United States
| | - Rita Z Goldstein
- Department of Psychiatry (primary) and Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute (secondary), Chief, Brain Imaging Center (BIC), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, The Leon and Norma Hess Center for Science and Medicine, 1470 Madison Ave, New York, NY 10029, United States
| | - Mary Heitzeg
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan,4250 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
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33
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Jones SA, Lueras JM, Nagel BJ. Effects of Binge Drinking on the Developing Brain. Alcohol Res 2018; 39:87-96. [PMID: 30557151 PMCID: PMC6104956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Binge drinking is a pattern of alcohol drinking that raises a person's blood alcohol concentration to at least .08%, which amounts to consuming five alcoholic drinks for men and four alcoholic drinks for women in about 2 hours. It is the most common form of alcohol misuse in adolescents and young adults. Heavy drinking includes the same criterion as binge drinking, but with higher frequency (i.e., 5 or more days in the past 30 days). Although binge drinking or heavy drinking alone is insufficient to meet the criteria for an alcohol use disorder (AUD) diagnosis, there are neurobiological changes, as well as an increased risk of developing an AUD later in life, associated with this form of alcohol misuse. This review describes the recent neuroimaging findings in binge drinking and heavy-drinking adolescents and young adults, a developmental period during which significant neuromaturation occurs.
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Thayer RE, YorkWilliams S, Karoly HC, Sabbineni A, Ewing SF, Bryan AD, Hutchison KE. Structural neuroimaging correlates of alcohol and cannabis use in adolescents and adults. Addiction 2017. [PMID: 28646566 PMCID: PMC5673530 DOI: 10.1111/add.13923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Chronic alcohol use is associated with lower gray matter volume, and we reported recently that alcohol use showed negative associations with widespread gray matter (GM) volume even among young adults. The current study aimed to test the strength of association between (1) alcohol use and GM volume; (2) alcohol use and white matter (WM) integrity; (3) cannabis use and GM volume; and (4) cannabis use and WM integrity among adults and adolescents. DESIGN AND SETTING General linear models within large pooled cross-sectional samples of adolescents and adults who had participated in studies collecting substance use and neuroimaging data in the southwestern United States. PARTICIPANTS The current analysis included adults aged 18-55 years (n = 853) and adolescents aged 14-18 years (n = 439) with a range of alcohol and cannabis use. MEASUREMENTS The dependent variable was GM volume or WM integrity, with key predictors of alcohol use [Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) score] and cannabis use (past 30-day use). FINDINGS Alcohol use showed large clusters of negative associations (ηp2 = 0.028-0.145, P < 0.001) with GM volume among adults and to a lesser extent (one cluster; ηp2 = 0.070, P < 0.05) among adolescents. Large clusters showed significant associations (ηp2 = 0.050-0.124, P < 0.001) of higher alcohol use with poorer WM integrity, whereas adolescents showed no significant associations between alcohol use and WM. No associations were observed between structural measures and past 30-day cannabis use in adults or adolescents. CONCLUSIONS Alcohol use severity is associated with widespread lower gray matter volume and white matter integrity in adults, and with lower gray matter volume in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E. Thayer
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO
| | - Sophie YorkWilliams
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO
| | - Hollis C. Karoly
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO
| | - Amithrupa Sabbineni
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO
| | | | - Angela D. Bryan
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO
| | - Kent E. Hutchison
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO
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Krakauer K, Ebdrup BH, Glenthøj BY, Raghava JM, Nordholm D, Randers L, Rostrup E, Nordentoft M. Patterns of white matter microstructure in individuals at ultra-high-risk for psychosis: associations to level of functioning and clinical symptoms. Psychol Med 2017; 47:2689-2707. [PMID: 28464976 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291717001210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals at ultra-high-risk (UHR) for psychosis present with emerging symptoms and decline in functioning. Previous univariate analyses have indicated widespread white matter (WM) aberrations in multiple brain regions in UHR individuals and patients with schizophrenia. Using multivariate statistics, we investigated whole brain WM microstructure and associations between WM, clinical symptoms, and level of functioning in UHR individuals. METHODS Forty-five UHR individuals and 45 matched healthy controls (HCs) underwent magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) at 3 Tesla. UHR individuals were assessed with the Comprehensive Assessment of At-Risk Mental States, Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms, and Social and Occupational Functioning Assessment Scale. Partial least-squares correlation analysis (PLSC) was used as statistical method. RESULTS PLSC group comparisons revealed one significant latent variable (LV) accounting for 52% of the cross-block covariance. This LV indicated a pattern of lower fractional anisotropy (FA), axial diffusivity (AD), and mode of anisotropy (MO) concomitant with higher radial diffusivity (RD) in widespread brain regions in UHR individuals compared with HCs. Within UHR individuals, PLSC revealed five significant LVs associated with symptoms and level of functioning. The first LV accounted for 31% of the cross-block covariance and indicated a pattern where higher symptom score and lower level of functioning correlated to lower FA, AD, MO, and higher RD. CONCLUSIONS UHR individuals demonstrate complex brain patterns of WM abnormalities. Despite the subtle psychopathology of UHR individuals, aberrations in WM appear associated with positive and negative symptoms as well as level of functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Krakauer
- Mental Health Centre Copenhagen,Copenhagen University Hospital,DK-2900 Hellerup,Denmark
| | - B H Ebdrup
- Centre for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, CINS,DK-2600 Glostrup,Denmark
| | - B Y Glenthøj
- Centre for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, CINS,DK-2600 Glostrup,Denmark
| | - J M Raghava
- Centre for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, CINS,DK-2600 Glostrup,Denmark
| | - D Nordholm
- Mental Health Centre Copenhagen,Copenhagen University Hospital,DK-2900 Hellerup,Denmark
| | - L Randers
- Mental Health Centre Copenhagen,Copenhagen University Hospital,DK-2900 Hellerup,Denmark
| | - E Rostrup
- Functional Imaging Unit,Clinical Physiology,Nuclear Medicine and PET,Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet,DK-2600 Glostrup,Denmark
| | - M Nordentoft
- Mental Health Centre Copenhagen,Copenhagen University Hospital,DK-2900 Hellerup,Denmark
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Hungund BL. Drinking during pregnancy: Potential role of endocannabinoid signaling in fetal alcohol effects. World J Neurol 2017; 7:1-5. [DOI: 10.5316/wjn.v7.i1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 11/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcohol is a well-recognized teratogen that can cause variable physical and behavioral effects on the fetus. Alcohol use and abuse during pregnancy is one of the major health and societal problems and has been linked to a wide range of birth defects in the offspring collectively termed as fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD). The severity of abnormalities may depend on a number of factors that include the amount, the frequency, the period during gestation and the route of alcohol administration. The current knowledge about the neurobiological basis of FASD is limited. However, recent studies have suggested that the membrane-derived lipids especially bioactive endogenous cannabinoids (eCB) such as arachidonyl ethanolamide and 2-arachidonyl glycerol resulting from alcohol exposure, may play a significant role in modulating neurophysiological and neurobehavioral effects in chronic alcohol exposed adult animals. Based on these findings and on reported studies on the role of eCB signaling in neurodevelopment and behavior, it is speculated that the eCB signaling may play a critical role in fetal alcohol syndrome and FASD-related behavioral effects. The current discussion will touch upon some of the mechanistic explanations about the role of eCB signaling system in FASD and provide further guidance for future direction.
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Baker LM, Cooley SA, Cabeen RP, Laidlaw DH, Joska JA, Hoare J, Stein DJ, Heaps-Woodruff JM, Salminen LE, Paul RH. Topological Organization of Whole-Brain White Matter in HIV Infection. Brain Connect 2017; 7:115-122. [PMID: 28076974 DOI: 10.1089/brain.2016.0457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is associated with neuroimaging alterations. However, little is known about the topological organization of whole-brain networks and the corresponding association with cognition. As such, we examined structural whole-brain white matter connectivity patterns and cognitive performance in 29 HIV+ young adults (mean age = 25.9) with limited or no HIV treatment history. HIV+ participants and demographically similar HIV- controls (n = 16) residing in South Africa underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and neuropsychological testing. Structural network models were constructed using diffusion MRI-based multifiber tractography and T1-weighted MRI-based regional gray matter segmentation. Global network measures included whole-brain structural integration, connection strength, and structural segregation. Cognition was measured using a neuropsychological global deficit score (GDS) as well as individual cognitive domains. Results revealed that HIV+ participants exhibited significant disruptions to whole-brain networks, characterized by weaker structural integration (characteristic path length and efficiency), connection strength, and structural segregation (clustering coefficient) than HIV- controls (p < 0.05). GDSs and performance on learning/recall tasks were negatively correlated with the clustering coefficient (p < 0.05) in HIV+ participants. Results from this study indicate disruption to brain network integrity in treatment-limited HIV+ young adults with corresponding abnormalities in cognitive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie M Baker
- 1 Department of Psychology, University of Missouri-Saint Louis , Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Sarah A Cooley
- 2 Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis , Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Ryan P Cabeen
- 3 Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California
| | - David H Laidlaw
- 4 Computer Science Department, Brown University , Providence, Rhode Island
| | - John A Joska
- 5 Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town , Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jacqueline Hoare
- 5 Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town , Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Dan J Stein
- 5 Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town , Cape Town, South Africa .,6 MRC Unit on Anxiety & Stress Disorders , Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | - Lauren E Salminen
- 3 Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California
| | - Robert H Paul
- 1 Department of Psychology, University of Missouri-Saint Louis , Saint Louis, Missouri.,7 Missouri Institute of Mental Health , St. Louis, Missouri
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Wright NE, Scerpella D, Lisdahl KM. Marijuana Use Is Associated with Behavioral Approach and Depressive Symptoms in Adolescents and Emerging Adults. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166005. [PMID: 27835662 PMCID: PMC5106002 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Repeated CB1 binding due to THC results in downregulation of the endocannabinoid system in cortex and limbic regions, perhaps disrupting frontolimbic functioning. This is particularly a concern in young adults who are still undergoing neurodevelopment in frontal and limbic regions. Such disruptions may be linked to increased depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and executive dysfunction, and decreased behavioral approach. OBJECTIVES Here we examine the influence of young adult marijuana use on anxiety, depressive symptoms, behavioral approach, and executive dysfunction. The influence of alcohol and gender were also assessed. METHODS 84 participants (42 MJ, 42 controls) aged 18-25 were balanced for gender (39 F). Exclusion criteria included: MRI contraindications, left handed, comorbid Axis-I disorders, major medical or neurologic disorders, prenatal issues, or prenatal alcohol/illicit drug exposure, or excessive other drug use. Participants completed the FrsBE, BIS/BAS, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (State), and BDI-II. Multiple regressions were run to predict anxiety, depressive symptoms, behavioral approach, and executive dysfunction from MJ group status, past year alcohol use, gender, and MJ*gender interactions, controlling for cotinine and ecstasy. RESULTS MJ group predicted increased depressive symptoms (p =.049). Decreased fun-seeking (p =.04), reward response (p =.01), and BAS total (p =.01) were predicted by MJ group. Gender predicted decreased reward responsiveness in females (p =.049) and decreased BIS in females (p =.03). Female marijuana users had increased anxiety symptoms (p =.04) and increased disinhibition (p =.04). Increased cotinine predicted increased drive (p =.046), reward responsiveness (p =.008) and BAS Total (p =.02). Apathy and Executive Dysfunction were not predicted by any measures. All results had small effect sizes. CONCLUSIONS/IMPORTANCE Depressive symptoms were greater in MJ users, while behavioral approach was decreased. Cotinine levels predicted increased behavioral approach. Female MJ users also had greater anxiety and disinhibition. In sum, these findings suggest sub-clinical threshold deficits related to regular marijuana use that are indicative of a need to prevent marijuana use in adolescents and young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha E. Wright
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, United States of America
| | - Danny Scerpella
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, United States of America
| | - Krista M. Lisdahl
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, United States of America
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O'Hanlon E, Howley S, Prasad S, McGrath J, Leemans A, McDonald C, Garavan H, Murphy KC. Multimodal MRI reveals structural connectivity differences in 22q11 deletion syndrome related to impaired spatial working memory. Hum Brain Mapp 2016; 37:4689-4705. [PMID: 27511297 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Revised: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Impaired spatial working memory is a core cognitive deficit observed in people with 22q11 Deletion syndrome (22q11DS) and has been suggested as a candidate endophenotype for schizophrenia. However, to date, the neuroanatomical mechanisms describing its structural and functional underpinnings in 22q11DS remain unclear. We quantitatively investigate the cognitive processes and associated neuroanatomy of spatial working memory in people with 22q11DS compared to matched controls. We examine whether there are significant between-group differences in spatial working memory using task related fMRI, Voxel based morphometry and white matter fiber tractography. MATERIALS AND METHODS Multimodal magnetic resonance imaging employing functional, diffusion and volumetric techniques were used to quantitatively assess the cognitive and neuroanatomical features of spatial working memory processes in 22q11DS. Twenty-six participants with genetically confirmed 22q11DS aged between 9 and 52 years and 26 controls aged between 8 and 46 years, matched for age, gender, and handedness were recruited. RESULTS People with 22q11DS have significant differences in spatial working memory functioning accompanied by a gray matter volume reduction in the right precuneus. Gray matter volume was significantly correlated with task performance scores in these areas. Tractography revealed extensive differences along fibers between task-related cortical activations with pronounced differences localized to interhemispheric commissural fibers within the parietal section of the corpus callosum. CONCLUSIONS Abnormal spatial working memory in 22q11DS is associated with aberrant functional activity in conjunction with gray and white matter structural abnormalities. These anomalies in discrete brain regions may increase susceptibility to the development of psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia. Hum Brain Mapp 37:4689-4705, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik O'Hanlon
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Educational and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland.,School of Psychology and Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Sarah Howley
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Educational and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Sarah Prasad
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Educational and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Jane McGrath
- School of Psychology and Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Alexander Leemans
- Image Sciences Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Colm McDonald
- Department of Psychiatry, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Hugh Garavan
- School of Psychology and Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland.,Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Vermont, USA
| | - Kieran C Murphy
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Educational and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
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Brumback T, Castro N, Jacobus J, Tapert S. Effects of Marijuana Use on Brain Structure and Function: Neuroimaging Findings from a Neurodevelopmental Perspective. Int Rev Neurobiol 2016; 129:33-65. [PMID: 27503447 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2016.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Marijuana, behind only tobacco and alcohol, is the most popular recreational drug in America with prevalence rates of use rising over the past decade. A wide range of research has highlighted neurocognitive deficits associated with marijuana use, particularly when initiated during childhood or adolescence. Neuroimaging, describing alterations to brain structure and function, has begun to provide a picture of possible mechanisms associated with the deleterious effects of marijuana use. This chapter provides a neurodevelopmental framework from which recent data on brain structural and functional abnormalities associated with marijuana use is reviewed. Based on the current data, we provide aims for future studies to more clearly delineate the effects of marijuana on the developing brain and to define underlying mechanisms of the potential long-term negative consequences of marijuana use.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Brumback
- University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States; VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, United States.
| | - N Castro
- University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - J Jacobus
- University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States; VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - S Tapert
- University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
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Silveri MM, Dager AD, Cohen-Gilbert JE, Sneider JT. Neurobiological signatures associated with alcohol and drug use in the human adolescent brain. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016; 70:244-259. [PMID: 27377691 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.06.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance (MR) techniques provide opportunities to non-invasively characterize neurobiological milestones of adolescent brain development. Juxtaposed to the critical finalization of brain development is initiation of alcohol and substance use, and increased frequency and quantity of use, patterns that can lead to abuse and addiction. This review provides a comprehensive overview of existing MR studies of adolescent alcohol and drug users. The most common alterations reported across substance used and MR modalities are in the frontal lobe (63% of published studies). This is not surprising, given that this is the last region to reach neurobiological adulthood. Comparatively, evidence is less consistent regarding alterations in regions that mature earlier (e.g., amygdala, hippocampus), however newer techniques now permit investigations beyond regional approaches that are uncovering network-level vulnerabilities. Regardless of whether neurobiological signatures exist prior to the initiation of use, this body of work provides important direction for ongoing prospective investigations of adolescent brain development, and the significant impact of alcohol and substance use on the brain during the second decade of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa M Silveri
- Neurodevelopmental Laboratory on Addictions and Mental Health, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA; McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Alecia D Dager
- Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Hartford, CT, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Julia E Cohen-Gilbert
- Neurodevelopmental Laboratory on Addictions and Mental Health, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA; McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jennifer T Sneider
- Neurodevelopmental Laboratory on Addictions and Mental Health, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA; McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Hollins SL, Cairns MJ. MicroRNA: Small RNA mediators of the brains genomic response to environmental stress. Prog Neurobiol 2016; 143:61-81. [PMID: 27317386 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2016.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The developmental processes that establish the synaptic architecture of the brain while retaining capacity for activity-dependent remodeling, are complex and involve a combination of genetic and epigenetic influences. Dysregulation of these processes can lead to problems with neural circuitry which manifest in humans as a range of neurodevelopmental syndromes, such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and fragile X mental retardation. Recent studies suggest that prenatal, postnatal and intergenerational environmental factors play an important role in the aetiology of stress-related psychopathology. A number of these disorders have been shown to display epigenetic changes in the postmortem brain that reflect early life experience. These changes affect the regulation of gene expression though chromatin remodeling (transcriptional) and post-transcriptional influences, especially small noncoding microRNA (miRNA). These dynamic and influential molecules appear to play an important function in both brain development and its adaption to stress. In this review, we examine the role of miRNA in mediating the brain's response to both prenatal and postnatal environmental perturbations and explore how stress- induced alterations in miRNA expression can regulate the stress response via modulation of the immune system. Given the close relationship between environmental stress, miRNA, and brain development/function, we assert that miRNA hold a significant position at the molecular crossroads between neural development and adaptations to environmental stress. A greater understanding of the dynamics that mediate an individual's predisposition to stress-induced neuropathology has major human health benefits and is an important area of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon L Hollins
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy and the Hunter Medical Research Institute, the University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Murray J Cairns
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy and the Hunter Medical Research Institute, the University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Verbal memory difficulties are the most widely reported and persistent cognitive deficit associated with early onset marijuana use. Yet, it is not known what memory stages are most impaired in those with early marijuana use. METHOD Forty-eight young adults, aged 18-25, who used marijuana at least once per week and 48 matched nonusing controls (CON) completed the California Verbal Learning Test, Second Edition (CVLT-II). Marijuana users were stratified by age of initial use: early onset users (EMJ), who started using marijuana at or before age 16 (n = 27), and late onset marijuana user group (LMJ), who started using marijuana after age 16 (n = 21). Outcome variables included trial immediate recall, total learning, clustering strategies (semantic clustering, serial clustering, ratio of semantic to serial clustering, and total number of strategies used), delayed recall, and percent retention. RESULTS Learning improved with repetition, with no group effect on the learning slope. EMJ learned fewer words overall than LMJ or CON. There was no difference between LMJ and CON in total number of words learned. Reduced overall learning mediated the effect on reduced delayed recall among EMJ, but not CON or LMJ. Learning improved with greater use of semantic versus serial encoding, but this did not vary between groups. EMJ was not related to delayed recall after adjusting for encoding. CONCLUSIONS Young adults reporting early onset marijuana use had learning weaknesses, which accounted for the association between early onset marijuana use and delayed recall. No amnestic effect of marijuana use was observed. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Susanne S Hoeppner
- Center for Addiction Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital
| | - A Eden Evins
- Center for Addiction Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital
| | - Jodi M Gilman
- Center for Addiction Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital
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Wetherill RR, Hager N, Jagannathan K, Mashhoon Y, Pater H, Childress AR, Franklin TR. Early Versus Late Onset of Cannabis Use: Differences in Striatal Response to Cannabis Cues. Cannabis Cannabinoid Res 2016; 1:229-233. [PMID: 28331903 PMCID: PMC5358095 DOI: 10.1089/can.2016.0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Addiction theories posit that addiction is the result of a progressive transition from voluntary to habitual, compulsive drug use—changes that have been linked, in animals, to a shift from ventral to dorsal striatal control over drug-seeking behavior. Thus, we hypothesized that early-onset (EOs) cannabis users versus late-onset (LOs) cannabis users might exhibit, respectively, greater dorsal versus ventral striatal response to drug cues. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging and an event-related blood oxygen level-dependent backward-masking task to evaluate striatal responses to backward-masked cannabis cues (vs. neutral cues) in EOs (<16 years old, n=15) and LOs (≥16 years old, n=26) with similar recent cannabis use patterns. Direct comparisons revealed that EOs showed greater response to cannabis cues in the dorsal striatum than LOs (p<0.01, k>50 voxels). Within-group analyses revealed that EOs showed greater neural response to cannabis cues in the dorsal striatum, whereas LOs exhibited greater neural response to cannabis cues in the ventral striatum. Although cross-sectional, these findings are consistent with recent addiction theories suggesting a progressive shift from ventral to dorsal striatal control over drug-seeking behavior and highlight the importance of age of onset of cannabis use on the brain and cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reagan R Wetherill
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Nathan Hager
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kanchana Jagannathan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Yasmin Mashhoon
- McLean Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Belmont, Massachusetts
| | - Heather Pater
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Anna Rose Childress
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Teresa R Franklin
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Abstract
Quantitative morphometry and diffusion tensor imaging have provided new insights into structural brain changes associated with drugs of abuse. In this chapter, we review recent studies using these methods to investigate structural brain abnormalities associated with excessive use of marijuana, stimulants, and opiates. Although many brain regions have been associated with structural abnormalities following abuse of these drugs, brain systems underlying inhibition, mood regulation, and reward are particularly involved. Candidate pathological mechanisms underlying these structural abnormalities include the direct toxic effects of the drugs, neuroinflammation, ischemia, hemorrhage, and abnormal brain development. Returning damaged brain areas to neural health would involve enhancing neuroplasticity. Behavioral, environmental, pharmacological, and cell-based therapies have been correlated with enhanced neuroplasticity following brain injury, providing a basis for new treatments of brain changes associated with excessive drug use. When testing new treatments, structural imaging may prove useful in selecting patients, monitoring recovery, and perhaps, tailoring interventions.
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Karoly HC, Bryan AD, Weiland BJ, Mayer A, Dodd A, Feldstein Ewing SW. Does incentive-elicited nucleus accumbens activation differ by substance of abuse? An examination with adolescents. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2015; 16:5-15. [PMID: 26070843 PMCID: PMC4657439 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2015.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Revised: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous questions surround the nature of reward processing in the developing adolescent brain, particularly in regard to polysubstance use. We therefore sought to examine incentive-elicited brain activation in the context of three common substances of abuse (cannabis, tobacco, and alcohol). Due to the role of the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) in incentive processing, we compared activation in this region during anticipation of reward and loss using a monetary incentive delay (MID) task. Adolescents (ages 14-18; 66% male) were matched on age, gender, and frequency of use of any common substances within six distinct groups: cannabis-only (n=14), tobacco-only (n=34), alcohol-only (n=12), cannabis+tobacco (n=17), cannabis+tobacco+alcohol (n=17), and non-using controls (n=38). All groups showed comparable behavioral performance on the MID task. The tobacco-only group showed decreased bilateral nucleus accumbens (NAcc) activation during reward anticipation as compared to the alcohol-only group, the control group, and both polysubstance groups. Interestingly, no differences emerged between the cannabis-only group and any of the other groups. Results from this study suggest that youth who tend toward single-substance tobacco use may possess behavioral and/or neurobiological characteristics that differentiate them from both their substance-using and non-substance-using peers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hollis C Karoly
- University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, 345 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.
| | - Angela D Bryan
- University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, 345 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Barbara J Weiland
- University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, 345 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Andrew Mayer
- The Mind Research Network/LBERI, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA; Neurology Department, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Andrew Dodd
- The Mind Research Network/LBERI, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA
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47
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Jacobus J, Squeglia LM, Meruelo AD, Castro N, Brumback T, Giedd JN, Tapert SF. Cortical thickness in adolescent marijuana and alcohol users: A three-year prospective study from adolescence to young adulthood. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2015; 16:101-109. [PMID: 25953106 PMCID: PMC4624050 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2015.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2015] [Revised: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies suggest marijuana impacts gray and white matter neural tissue development, however few prospective studies have determined the relationship between cortical thickness and cannabis use spanning adolescence to young adulthood. This study aimed to understand how heavy marijuana use influences cortical thickness trajectories across adolescence. Subjects were adolescents with heavy marijuana use and concomitant alcohol use (MJ+ALC, n=30) and controls (CON, n=38) with limited substance use histories. Participants underwent magnetic resonance imaging and comprehensive substance use assessment at three independent time points. Repeated measures analysis of covariance was used to look at main effects of group, time, and Group × Time interactions on cortical thickness. MJ+ALC showed thicker cortical estimates across the brain (23 regions), particularly in frontal and parietal lobes (ps<.05). More cumulative marijuana use was associated with increased thickness estimates by 3-year follow-up (ps<.05). Heavy marijuana use during adolescence and into young adulthood may be associated with altered neural tissue development and interference with neuromaturation that can have neurobehavioral consequences. Continued follow-up of adolescent marijuana users will help understand ongoing neural changes that are associated with development of problematic use into adulthood, as well as potential for neural recovery with cessation of use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Jacobus
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA, USA; University of California San Diego, Department of Psychiatry, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Lindsay M Squeglia
- Medical University of South Carolina, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Alejandro D Meruelo
- University of California San Diego, Department of Psychiatry, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Norma Castro
- University of California San Diego, Department of Psychiatry, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ty Brumback
- University of California San Diego, Department of Psychiatry, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jay N Giedd
- University of California San Diego, Department of Psychiatry, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Susan F Tapert
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA, USA; University of California San Diego, Department of Psychiatry, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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48
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Kamarajan C, Pandey AK, Chorlian DB, Manz N, Stimus AT, Bauer LO, Hesselbrock VM, Schuckit MA, Kuperman S, Kramer J, Porjesz B. Reward processing deficits and impulsivity in high-risk offspring of alcoholics: A study of event-related potentials during a monetary gambling task. Int J Psychophysiol 2015; 98:182-200. [PMID: 26388585 PMCID: PMC4898464 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2015.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Revised: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals at high risk to develop alcoholism often manifest neurocognitive deficits as well as increased impulsivity. The goal of the present study is to elucidate reward processing deficits, externalizing disorders, and impulsivity as elicited by electrophysiological, clinical and behavioral measures in subjects at high risk for alcoholism from families densely affected by alcoholism in the context of brain maturation across age groups and gender. METHODS Event-related potentials (ERPs) and current source density (CSD) during a monetary gambling task (MGT) were measured in 12-25 year old offspring (N=1864) of families in the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism (COGA) Prospective study; the high risk (HR, N=1569) subjects were from families densely affected with alcoholism and the low risk (LR, N=295) subjects were from community families. Externalizing disorders and impulsivity scores were also compared between LR and HR groups. RESULTS HR offspring from older (16-25 years) male and younger (12-15 years) female subgroups showed lower P3 amplitude than LR subjects. The amplitude decrement was most prominent in HR males during the loss condition. Overall, P3 amplitude increase at anterior sites and decrease at posterior areas were seen in older compared to younger subjects, suggesting frontalization during brain maturation. The HR subgroups also exhibited hypofrontality manifested as weaker CSD activity during both loss and gain conditions at frontal regions. Further, the HR subjects had higher impulsivity scores and increased prevalence of externalizing disorders. P3 amplitudes during the gain condition were negatively correlated with impulsivity scores. CONCLUSIONS Older male and younger female HR offspring, compared to their LR counterparts, manifested reward processing deficits as indexed by lower P3 amplitude and weaker CSD activity, along with higher prevalence of externalizing disorders and higher impulsivity scores. SIGNIFICANCE Reward related P3 is a valuable measure reflecting neurocognitive dysfunction in subjects at risk for alcoholism, as well as to characterize reward processing and brain maturation across gender and age group.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Niklas Manz
- SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | | | - Lance O Bauer
- University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
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Cservenka A, Nagel BJ. Neuroscience of alcohol for addiction medicine: Neurobiological targets for prevention and intervention in adolescents. Prog Brain Res 2016; 223:215-35. [PMID: 26806778 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2015.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
Structural and functional neuroimaging studies indicate that heavy alcohol use during adolescence may be neurotoxic to the brain. This chapter reviews the neuroimaging findings in cross-sectional and longitudinal studies of adolescent heavy alcohol users. These youth exhibit reductions in prefrontal, hippocampal, and cerebellar brain volume, decreased frontoparietal, and increased frontolimbic white matter integrity, as well as alterations in blood oxygen level-dependent response during working memory, inhibitory control, verbal encoding, decision making, and reward processing-some of which appear to differ between males and females. Although some exist, additional longitudinal studies will significantly advance addiction medicine by aiding prevention scientists and treatment providers to develop neurobiologically informed ways of strengthening neural networks prior to and after the onset of heavy alcohol use, thereby promoting healthy cognitive functioning across the adolescent period.
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50
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Becker MP, Collins PF, Lim KO, Muetzel RL, Luciana M. Longitudinal changes in white matter microstructure after heavy cannabis use. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2015; 16:23-35. [PMID: 26602958 PMCID: PMC4691379 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2015.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Revised: 10/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) studies of cannabis users report alterations in brain white matter microstructure, primarily based on cross-sectional research, and etiology of the alterations remains unclear. We report findings from longitudinal voxelwise analyses of DTI data collected at baseline and at a 2-year follow-up on 23 young adult (18-20 years old at baseline) regular cannabis users and 23 age-, sex-, and IQ-matched non-using controls with limited substance use histories. Onset of cannabis use was prior to age 17. Cannabis users displayed reduced longitudinal growth in fractional anisotropy in the central and parietal regions of the right and left superior longitudinal fasciculus, in white matter adjacent to the left superior frontal gyrus, in the left corticospinal tract, and in the right anterior thalamic radiation lateral to the genu of the corpus callosum, along with less longitudinal reduction of radial diffusion in the right central/posterior superior longitudinal fasciculus, corticospinal tract, and posterior cingulum. Greater amounts of cannabis use were correlated with reduced longitudinal growth in FA as was relatively impaired performance on a measure of verbal learning. These findings suggest that continued heavy cannabis use during adolescence and young adulthood alters ongoing development of white matter microstructure, contributing to functional impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary P Becker
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, 75 East River Road, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States; Center for Neurobehavioral Development, University of Minnesota, 717 Delaware Street SE, Ste. 333, Minneapolis, MN 55414, United States.
| | - Paul F Collins
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, 75 East River Road, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States; Center for Neurobehavioral Development, University of Minnesota, 717 Delaware Street SE, Ste. 333, Minneapolis, MN 55414, United States
| | - Kelvin O Lim
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, 2450 Riverside Avenue South, Minneapolis, MN 55454, United States
| | - R L Muetzel
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, 75 East River Road, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - M Luciana
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, 75 East River Road, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States; Center for Neurobehavioral Development, University of Minnesota, 717 Delaware Street SE, Ste. 333, Minneapolis, MN 55414, United States
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