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Gao Q, Li S, Sun W, Yan H, Wang Y, Chang S, Zhao P. Immunopotentiating effect of lentinan on chicks and its inhibitory effect on Marek's disease virus infection. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103840. [PMID: 38772093 PMCID: PMC11131074 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Marek's disease virus (MDV) is a significant tumorigenic virus that causes severe immunosuppression in chickens. Lentinan (LNT) is an immunomodulator containing β-glucans and is widely used in areas such as antiviral, anticancer, and immune regulation. To investigate the immunomodulatory effects of LNT on specific pathogen-free (SPF) chicks and its potential to inhibit MDV infection, we conducted an MDV challenge experiment and observed the immune-enhancing effect of LNT on SPF chicks. The results showed that LNT promoted the growth and development of SPF chicks and induced the upregulation of cytokines such as Mx protein, interferon-γ (INF-γ), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-2 (IL-2). The specific gravity of CD4+ T-lymphocytes and CD8+ T-lymphocytes and their ratios were also significantly upregulated. Prophylactic use of LNT inhibited MDV replication in lymphocytes, liver, and spleen. It also alleviated MDV-induced weight loss and hepatosplenomegaly in SPF chicks. The present study confirms that LNT can enhance the levels of innate and cellular immunity in SPF chicks and contributes to the inhibition of MDV replication in vivo and mitigation of immune organ damage in chicks due to MDV infection. This provides an adjunctive measure for better control of MDV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiming Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Shun Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Wanli Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Hongjian Yan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Yixin Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Shuang Chang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, 271018, China.
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Ji X, Liu N, Huang S, Zhang C. A Comprehensive Review of Licorice: The Preparation, Chemical Composition, Bioactivities and Its Applications. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2024; 52:667-716. [PMID: 38716617 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x24500289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Licorice (Glycyrrhiza) is a medicinal and food homologue of perennial plants derived from the dried roots and rhizomes of the genus Glycyrrhiza in the legume family. In recent years, the comprehensive utilization of licorice resources has attracted people's attention. It is widely utilized to treat diseases, health food products, food production, and other industrial applications. Furthermore, numerous bioactive components of licorice are found using advanced extraction processes, which mainly include polyphenols (flavonoids, dihydrostilbenes, benzofurans, and coumarin), triterpenoids, polysaccharides, alkaloids, and volatile oils, all of which have been reported to possess a variety of pharmacological characteristics, including anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral, anticancer, neuroprotective, antidepressive, antidiabetic, antiparasitic, antisex hormone, skin effects, anticariogenic, antitussive, and expectorant activities. Thereby, all of these compounds promote the development of novel and more effective licorice-derived products. This paper reviews the progress of research on extraction techniques, chemical composition, bioactivities, and applications of licorice to provide a reference for further development and application of licorice in different areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Ji
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Welfare and Health Breeding, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, P. R. China
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry, Emerging Disease Detection and Control, Luoyang 471023, P. R. China
| | - Ning Liu
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Welfare and Health Breeding, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, P. R. China
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry, Emerging Disease Detection and Control, Luoyang 471023, P. R. China
| | - Shucheng Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, P. R. China
| | - Cai Zhang
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Welfare and Health Breeding, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, P. R. China
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry, Emerging Disease Detection and Control, Luoyang 471023, P. R. China
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3
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Li T, Qin W, Wu B, Jin X, Zhang R, Zhang J, Du L. Effects of glycyrrhiza polysaccharides on growth performance, meat quality, serum parameters and growth/meat quality-related gene expression in broilers. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1357491. [PMID: 38435364 PMCID: PMC10904541 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1357491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
With growing restrictions on the use of antibiotics in animal feed, plant extracts are increasingly favored as natural feed additive sources. Glycyrrhiza polysaccharide (GP), known for its multifaceted biological benefits including growth promotion, immune enhancement, and antioxidative properties, has been the focus of recent studies. Yet, the effects and mechanisms of GP on broiler growth and meat quality remain to be fully elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the effects of GP on growth, serum biochemistry, meat quality, and gene expression in broilers. The broilers were divided into five groups, each consisting of five replicates with six birds. These groups were supplemented with 0, 500, 1,000, 1,500, and 2,000 mg/kg of GP in their basal diets, respectively, for a period of 42 days. The results indicated that from day 22 to day 42, and throughout the entire experimental period from day 1 to day 42, the groups receiving 1,000 and 1,500 mg/kg of GP showed a significant reduction in the feed-to-gain ratio (F:G) compared to the control group. On day 42, an increase in serum growth hormone (GH) levels was shown in groups supplemented with 1,000 mg/kg GP or higher, along with a significant linear increase in insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) concentration. Additionally, significant upregulation of GH and IGF-1 mRNA expression levels was noted in the 1,000 and 1,500 mg/kg GP groups. Furthermore, GP significantly elevated serum concentrations of alkaline phosphatase (AKP) and globulin (GLB) while reducing blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels. In terms of meat quality, the 1,500 and 2,000 mg/kg GP groups significantly increased fiber density in pectoral muscles and reduced thiobarbituric acid (TBA) content. GP also significantly decreased cooking loss rate in both pectoral and leg muscles and the drip loss rate in leg muscles. It increased levels of linoleic acid and oleic acid, while decreasing concentrations of stearic acid, myristic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid. Finally, the study demonstrated that the 1,500 mg/kg GP group significantly enhanced the expression of myogenin (MyoG) and myogenic differentiation (MyoD) mRNA in leg muscles. Overall, the study determined that the optimal dosage of GP in broiler feed is 1,500 mg/kg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiyu Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, China
| | - Weize Qin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, China
| | - Baiyila Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, China
| | - Xiao Jin
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, China
| | - Jingyi Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, China
| | - Liyin Du
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, China
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Tan F, Zhang L, Yin L, Wang L, Zhang H, Zheng L, Cui X, Lv X, Bai R, Zheng M. Immune synergistic mechanism of recombinant plasmid adjuvant containing chicken IL-4 and IL-2 fusion genes on chicken coccidia live vaccine. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103204. [PMID: 37939587 PMCID: PMC10665987 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The recombinant plasmid pCI-IL-4-IL-2-EGFP containing fusion genes of chicken IL-4 and IL-2 can be used as an adjuvant to enhance the anticoccidiosis effect of the chicken coccidia live vaccine. The chickens were divided into 3 groups: blank control group, vaccine + pCI-IL-4-IL-2-EGFP adjuvant coimmunization group, and vaccine-only group to investigate the immune synergy mechanism of recombinant plasmid adjuvant pCI-IL-4-IL-2-EGFP. The expressions of IL-2, IL-4, TNF-α, and IFN-γ in chicken sera and tissues were detected by ELISA and RT-qPCR, and the proliferation of T and B lymphocytes and antigen presenting cells (APC) in chicken immune organs and intestines were detected by acid alpha-naphthalase (ANAE) staining, methyl green pyronine (MGP) staining, and immunofluorescence (IF) staining, respectively. Results showed that the mRNA expression of IL-2, IL-4, IFN-γ and the number of activated T and B lymphocytes were significantly upregulated in the spleen and cecum tonsils of chickens in vaccine + pCI-IL-4-IL-2-EGFP group compared with the vaccine-only group on 7 d after vaccination (P < 0.05). Protein contents of IL-2, IL-4 and TNF-α in vaccine + pCI-IL-4-IL-2-EGFP group were significantly increased compared to vaccine-only group on 28 d of inoculation (P < 0.05). The number of T and B lymphocytes and APC in chickens of the vaccine+ pCI-IL-4-IL-2-EGFP group was significantly higher than that of the vaccine-only group in cecum tonsils, thymus and spleen after 14 and 28 d of inoculation (P < 0.05). All results revealed that pCI-IL-4-IL-2-EGFP adjuvant enhanced the immune response of chicken coccidia live vaccine by upregulating the expression of IL-2, IL-4, TNF-α, and IFN-γ and promoting the proliferation of T, B lymphocytes and APCs in chicken intestines and immune organ sites. Moreover, our study provides a theoretical basis for the clinical application of cytogenic plasmids as adjuvants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Tan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong 030801, China
| | - Li Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong 030801, China
| | - Liyang Yin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong 030801, China
| | - Liming Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong 030801, China
| | - Honghui Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong 030801, China
| | - Longlong Zheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong 030801, China
| | - Xiaozhen Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong 030801, China
| | - Xiaoling Lv
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong 030801, China
| | - Rui Bai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong 030801, China
| | - Mingxue Zheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong 030801, China.
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5
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Zhang Y, Zhu T, Xu S, Gu P, Cai G, Peng S, Liu Z, Yang Y, Hu Y, Liu J, Wang D. Cationic Nanoparticle-Stabilized Vaccine Delivery System for the H9N2 Vaccine to Promote Immune Response in Chickens. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:1613-1623. [PMID: 36795759 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Chinese yam polysaccharides (CYPs) have received wide attention for their immunomodulatory activity. Our previous studies had discovered that the Chinese yam polysaccharide PLGA-stabilized Pickering emulsion (CYP-PPAS) can serve as an efficient adjuvant to trigger powerful humoral and cellular immunity. Recently, positively charged nano-adjuvants are easily taken up by antigen-presenting cells, potentially resulting in lysosomal escape, the promotion of antigen cross-presentation, and the induction of CD8 T-cell response. However, reports on the practical application of cationic Pickering emulsions as adjuvants are very limited. Considering the economic damage and public-health risks caused by the H9N2 influenza virus, it is urgent to develop an effective adjuvant for boosting humoral and cellular immunity against influenza virus infection. Here, we applied polyethyleneimine-modified Chinese yam polysaccharide PLGA nanoparticles as particle stabilizers and squalene as the oil core to fabricate a positively charged nanoparticle-stabilized Pickering emulsion adjuvant system (PEI-CYP-PPAS). The cationic Pickering emulsion of PEI-CYP-PPAS was utilized as an adjuvant for the H9N2 Avian influenza vaccine, and the adjuvant activity was compared with the Pickering emulsion of CYP-PPAS and the commercial adjuvant (aluminum adjuvant). The PEI-CYP-PPAS, with a size of about 1164.66 nm and a ζ potential of 33.23 mV, could increase the H9N2 antigen loading efficiency by 83.99%. After vaccination with Pickering emulsions based on H9N2 vaccines, PEI-CYP-PPAS generated higher HI titers and stronger IgG antibodies than CYP-PPAS and Alum and increased the immune organ index of the spleen and bursa of Fabricius without immune organ injury. Moreover, treatment with PEI-CYP-PPAS/H9N2 induced CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell activation, a high lymphocyte proliferation index, and increased cytokine expression of IL-4, IL-6, and IFN-γ. Thus, compared with the CYP-PPAS and aluminum adjuvant, the cationic nanoparticle-stabilized vaccine delivery system of PEI-CYP-PPAS was an effective adjuvant for H9N2 vaccination to elicit powerful humoral and cellular immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, P. R. China.,MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
| | - Tianyu Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, P. R. China.,MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
| | - Shuwen Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, P. R. China.,MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
| | - Pengfei Gu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, P. R. China.,MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
| | - Gaofeng Cai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, P. R. China.,MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
| | - Song Peng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, P. R. China.,MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
| | - Zhenguang Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, P. R. China.,MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
| | - Yang Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, P. R. China.,MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
| | - Yuanliang Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, P. R. China.,MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
| | - Jiaguo Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, P. R. China.,MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
| | - Deyun Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, P. R. China.,MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
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Zhao RH, Yang FX, Bai YC, Zhao JY, Hu M, Zhang XY, Dou TF, Jia JJ. Research progress on the mechanisms underlying poultry immune regulation by plant polysaccharides. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1175848. [PMID: 37138926 PMCID: PMC10149757 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1175848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
With the rapid development of poultry industry and the highly intensive production management, there are an increasing number of stress factors in poultry production. Excessive stress will affect their growth and development, immune function, and induce immunosuppression, susceptibility to a variety of diseases, and even death. In recent years, increasing interest has focused on natural components extracted from plants, among which plant polysaccharides have been highlighted because of their various biological activities. Plant polysaccharides are natural immunomodulators that can promote the growth of immune organs, activate immune cells and the complement system, and release cytokines. As a green feed additive, plant polysaccharides can not only relieve stress and enhance the immunity and disease resistance of poultry, but also regulate the balance of intestinal microorganisms and effectively alleviate all kinds of stress faced by poultry. This paper reviews the immunomodulatory effects and molecular mechanisms of different plant polysaccharides (Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz polysaccharide, Astragalus polysaccharides, Taishan Pinus massoniana pollen polysaccharide, and alfalfa polysaccharide) in poultry. Current research results reveal that plant polysaccharides have potential uses as therapeutic agents for poultry immune abnormalities and related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruo-Han Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Fang-Xiao Yang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Vocational and Technical College of Agriculture, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yi-Cheng Bai
- Kunming CHIA TAI Co., Ltd., Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jing-Ying Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Mei Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xin-Yan Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Teng-Fei Dou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Teng-Fei Dou
| | - Jun-Jing Jia
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- *Correspondence: Jun-Jing Jia
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Progress of Studies on Plant-Derived Polysaccharides Affecting Intestinal Barrier Function in Poultry. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12223205. [PMID: 36428432 PMCID: PMC9686483 DOI: 10.3390/ani12223205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
As natural bioactive components, plant-derived polysaccharides have many biological functions, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticoccidial, and immunity regulation, and have been widely used in poultry production. In this review paper, firstly, the sources and structures of plant-derived polysaccharides are reviewed; secondly, the effects of plant-derived polysaccharides on the intestinal microbiome, permeability, morphology and immune function of poultry are summarized; thirdly, the potential molecular regulation mechanism of plant-derived polysaccharides on the intestinal barrier function of poultry was preliminarily analyzed. The review paper will bring a basis for the scientific utilization of plant-derived polysaccharides in the poultry industry.
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Wu Y, Zhou H, Wei K, Zhang T, Che Y, Nguyễn AD, Pandita S, Wan X, Cui X, Zhou B, Li C, Hao P, Lei H, Wang L, Yang X, Liang Y, Liu J, Wu Y. Structure of a new glycyrrhiza polysaccharide and its immunomodulatory activity. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1007186. [PMID: 36238291 PMCID: PMC9551306 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1007186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
A component of licorice polysaccharide (GPS-1) was extracted from licorice, its primary structure was identified and characterized for the first time, and its immunomodulatory activity was studied. Crude licorice polysaccharide was isolated and purified by DEAE sepharose FF ion-exchange column chromatography and Chromdex 200 PG gel filtration column chromatography to obtain a purified Glycyrrhiza polysaccharide named GPS-1. NMR and methylation analysis revealed that GPS-1 is composed of homogalacturonan (HG)-type pectin with 4)-D-GalpA-(1 as the backbone. This study of GPS-1 also examined its significant role in regulating immune activity in vitro and in vivo. As a result, GPS-1 promoted the secretion of IFN-γ and IL-4 in mice and increased the proportion of CD3+CD4+ and CD3+CD8+ T lymphocytes in their spleens. Dendritic cells (DCs) treated with GPS-1 showed promotion of DC maturation, antigen presentation, and phagocytic capacity. The results suggest that GPS-1 is a potential immunomodulator that stimulates the immune system by regulating multiple signaling pathways. Combined with our characterization of the primary structure of GPS-1, the present investigation provides the basis for future study of the form-function relationship of polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wu
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui Zhou
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kunhua Wei
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources Protection and Genetic Improvement/Guangxi Engineering Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Resource Intelligent Creation, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plant, Nan Ning, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Yanyun Che
- Engineering Laboratory for National Healthcare Theories and Products of Yunnan Province, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Audrey D. Nguyễn
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Davis Medical Center, University of California, Davis Medical, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Sakshi Pandita
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Davis Medical Center, University of California, Davis Medical, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Xin Wan
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuejie Cui
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bingxue Zhou
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Caiyue Li
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ping Hao
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongjun Lei
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Animal Science and Veterinary College, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agricultural and Forestry, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xiaonan Yang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources Protection and Genetic Improvement/Guangxi Engineering Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Resource Intelligent Creation, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plant, Nan Ning, China
| | - Ying Liang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources Protection and Genetic Improvement/Guangxi Engineering Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Resource Intelligent Creation, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plant, Nan Ning, China
| | - Jiaguo Liu
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Wu
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Yi Wu, ;
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Ain NU, Wu S, Li X, Li D, Zhang Z. Isolation, Characterization, Pharmacology and Biopolymer Applications of Licorice Polysaccharides: Review. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15103654. [PMID: 35629680 PMCID: PMC9147829 DOI: 10.3390/ma15103654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Licorice is known as "Gan-Cao" in traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), belonging to the genus Glycyrrhiza (Family: Fabaceae/Leguminosae). It has a long medicinal history and wide applications in China. Polysaccharides of licorice (LPs) are one of the key bioactive components. As herbal polysaccharides attracted increasing interest in the past several decades, their extraction, isolation, structural characterization, pharmacological activities, and medicinal application have been explored extensively. It is worth heeding that the method of extraction and purification effects LPs, apart from specie and origin specificity. This review evaluates the method of extraction and purification and demonstrates its performance in gaining specific composition and its structure-activity relationship, which might lead the readers to a fresh horizon for developing advanced treatment strategies. It is recently reported that the conformation of LPs plays a vital role as biopolymers, such as selenized modification, microencapsulation, nanocomposite, liposome formulation, drug/hydrogel combinations, biosensor device, and synergistic effect with a vaccine. In addition, LPs showed a good thermodynamics profile, as these properties enable them to interact with additional supramolecular interaction by chemical modifications or copolymerization. Functional polymers that are responsive to various external stimuli, such as physical, chemical, and biological signals, are a promising study topic. Thus, LPs are emerging as a new biomaterial that can enhance intended formulation along exerting its inherent medicinal effects. It is hoped that this review will provide a basis for the utilization and further developments of licorice polysaccharides in the vast medium.
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Polysaccharides derived from Astragalus membranaceus and Glycyrrhiza uralensis improve growth performance of broilers by enhancing intestinal health and modulating gut microbiota. Poult Sci 2022; 101:101905. [PMID: 35576745 PMCID: PMC9117935 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.101905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of polysaccharides derived from Astragalus membranaceus and Glycyrrhiza uralensis on growth performance, intestinal health, and gut microbiota composition in broilers. A total of 480 one-day-old male Arbor Acres broilers were randomly divided into 4 treatments with 6 replicates comprising 20 broilers each. Treatments included: basal diet without antibiotics (CON); basal diet supplemented with 500 mg/kg terramycin calcium (ANT); basal diet supplemented with 300 mg/kg Astragalus membranaceus polysaccharides (APS); and basal diet supplemented with 150 mg/kg Glycyrrhiza uralensis polysaccharides (GPS). The results showed that ANT, AP,S and GPS supplementation significantly increased average daily gain (ADG) and decreased feed conversion ratio (FCR) of broilers from 1 to 42 d of age. At 42 d, serum immunoglobulin A (IgA), immunoglobulin M (IgM) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels of the APS and GPS group were notably higher than those of the CON group, while serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) as well as diamine oxidase (DAO) activity in the APS and GPS group were obviously decreased. Moreover, diets supplemented with APS and GPS could significantly increase villus height (VH) and the ratio of villus height to crypt depth (VH/CD) and remarkably upregulated occludin, claudin-1 and mucin-2 (MUC2) mRNA expression in duodenum, jejunum, and ileum of broilers. In addition, 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that APS and GPS supplementation altered cecal microbial diversity and composition in broilers. Higher Shannon index was observed in the APS and GPS group compared with the CON group, while GPS supplementation could also increase Chao1 index and Observed species. The result of Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) showed that microbial community in the CON, ANT, APS, and GPS group clustered separately. Notably, both APS and GPS supplementation significantly decreased the abundance of Bacteroidetes, Bacteroides, Faecalibacterium, Desulfovibrio, and Butyricicoccus, while increased the abundance of Firmicutes, Prevotella, Parabacteroides, Ruminococcus, and Alistipes. The correlation analysis showed that the changes in cecal microbial composition induced by dietary APS and GPS supplementation were closely associated with the alteration of the phenotype of broilers including ADG, FCR, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IgA, IgG, DAO, Occludin, Claudin-1, ZO-1, and MUC2. In conclusion, polysaccharides derived from Astragalus membranaceus and Glycyrrhiza uralensis could improve growth performance of broilers by enhancing intestinal health and modulating gut microbiota.
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