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Kerautret Y, Di Rienzo F, Eyssautier C, Guillot A. Comparative Efficacy of Robotic and Manual Massage Interventions on Performance and Well-Being: A Randomized Crossover Trial. Sports Health 2023:19417381231190869. [PMID: 37565495 DOI: 10.1177/19417381231190869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Manual massage (MM) interventions can improve psychophysiological states of relaxation and well-being. In this context, robotic massage (RM) represents a promising, but currently understudied, solution. HYPOTHESIS Both MM and RM would improve flexibility of the hamstrings and lumbopelvic muscles and promote a psychophysiological state of relaxation through decreased sympathetic activity. STUDY DESIGN Single-blind randomized crossover trial. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level 2. METHODS A total of 21 participants experienced 2 massage interventions targeting back soft tissues. During a first condition, the intervention was performed by a physical therapist, whereas during a second condition the intervention was performed by a robot. We collected objective and subjective indexes of performances and well-being before and after each massage intervention. We also collected physical therapists' self-reports of perceived fatigue, tension, and ability to maintain the massage routine. RESULTS Skin conductance decreased from the pretest to the posttest in both conditions (partial R2 = 0.44, 95% CI [0.30, 1.00], P < 0.01), although the decrease was more pronounced after MM. Whereas both interventions were associated with improved subjective sensations, eg, pain, warmth, well-being (partial R2 = 0.08, 95% CI [0.06, 1.00], P < 0.01), MM yielded additional benefits compared with RM. The physical therapist reported greater fatigue and tension and reduced perceived massage efficiency along with repeated massage interventions. MM outperformed RM to elicit a psychophysiological state of relaxation. CONCLUSION RM exhibited a pattern of changes comparable with that of MM, for both objective and subjective indexes of relaxation and well-being. CLINICAL RELEVANCE RM could represent a prophylactic option to prevent the onset of counterproductive fatigability in physical therapists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yann Kerautret
- Inter-University Laboratory of Human Movement Biology (LIBM), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, France
- CAPSIX, Lyon, France
| | - Franck Di Rienzo
- Inter-University Laboratory of Human Movement Biology (LIBM), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, France
| | | | - Aymeric Guillot
- Inter-University Laboratory of Human Movement Biology (LIBM), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, France
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Nazary-Moghadam S, Yahya-Zadeh A, Zare MA, Ali Mohammadi M, Marouzi P, Zeinalzadeh A. Comparison of utilizing modified hold-relax, muscle energy technique, and instrument-assisted soft tissue mobilization on hamstring muscle length in healthy athletes: Randomized controlled trial. J Bodyw Mov Ther 2023; 35:151-157. [PMID: 37330762 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2023.04.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The hamstring muscle shortness is the primary risk factor for sports-related injuries. Numerous treatments are available for lengthening of hamstring muscle. The main purpose of this study was to compare the immediate effect of modified hold-relax, muscle energy technique (MET), and instrument assisted soft tissue mobilization-Graston techniques (IASTM-GT) on length of hamstring muscle in young healthy athletes. METHODS 60 athletes comprising of 29 females and 31 males were recruited in the present study. Participants were allocated to 3 groups of IASTM-GT (N = 20, 13 male, 7 female), Modified Hold-relax (N = 20, 8 male, 12 female), and MET (N = 20, 7 male, 13 female). Active knee extension and passive straight leg raising (SLR), and toe touch test were performed before and immediately after the intervention by a blinded assessor. For the comparison of dependent variables across time, 3*2 repeated measure ANOVA was utilized. RESULTS Interaction of group by time was significant for passive SLR (P < 0.001). Interaction of group by time was not significant for active knee extension (P = 0.17). The results showed that dependent variables increased significantly in all groups. The effect size (Cohen's d) in the groups of IASTM-GT, modified Hold-relax, and MET was 1.7, 3.17, and 3.12, respectively. CONCLUSION Although the measures were improved in all groups, it seems that IASTM-GT can be used as a safe and efficient treatment, which can be a suitable candidate alongside modified hold-relax and MET for increasing the hamstrings muscle length in healthy athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salman Nazary-Moghadam
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Paramedical and Rehabilitation Sciences, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Orthopaedic Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Afrooz Yahya-Zadeh
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Paramedical and Rehabilitation Sciences, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Zare
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Paramedical and Rehabilitation Sciences, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mobina Ali Mohammadi
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parviz Marouzi
- Department of Medical Records and Health Information Technology, School of Paramedical Sciences, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Afsaneh Zeinalzadeh
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Paramedical and Rehabilitation Sciences, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Nokariya S, Kotani T, Sakuma T, Iijima Y, Okumura T, Katogi T, Okuwaki S, Miyagi M, Inoue G, Akazawa T, Shiga Y, Minami S, Ohtori S, Takaso M. Trunk flexibility using a sit-and-reach test after surgery for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Spine Deform 2023; 11:297-303. [PMID: 36331800 DOI: 10.1007/s43390-022-00608-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Spinal fusion reduces flexibility, but we do not have detailed knowledge that accounts for growth or sex differences. We sought to determine trunk flexibility pre- and postoperatively in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). METHODS We included data from 109 patients with AIS in this retrospective, single-center observational study. Patients had performed a sit-and-reach (SR) test preoperatively, and 1 and 2 years postoperatively, and measurements were standardized to Z scores according to age and sex. The patient data were divided into three groups according to the level of lower instrumented vertebra (LIV): (1) Group A (fusion above L2); (2) Group B (fusion to L2), and (3) Group C (fusion to L3 or L4). The change in the Z score for various levels was determined and compared. RESULTS The preoperative Z score for all patients was -0.622. At 2 years postoperatively, the Z score in Groups A and B was not significantly different from the preoperative score; in Group C, the Z score decreased by 1 year postoperatively, improved during the second year, but remained significantly lower than the preoperative score. Our study was the first to assess trunk flexibility using the SR test in patients with scoliosis. CONCLUSIONS Preoperatively, patients with AIS had lower SR test Z-scores than the general population, indicating a lower trunk flexibility in these patients. At 2 years after surgery in these patients, trunk flexibility had returned to preoperative levels when LIV was at L2 or above, but when LIV was at L3 or L4, trunk flexibility was less than it was preoperatively. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Prognostic Level II: retrospective study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Nokariya
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Seirei Sakura Citizen Hospital, 2-36-2 Ebaradai Sakura-Shi, Sakura, Chiba, 285-8765, Japan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Kotani
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Seirei Sakura Citizen Hospital, 2-36-2 Ebaradai Sakura-Shi, Sakura, Chiba, 285-8765, Japan.
| | - Tsuyoshi Sakuma
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Seirei Sakura Citizen Hospital, 2-36-2 Ebaradai Sakura-Shi, Sakura, Chiba, 285-8765, Japan
| | - Yasushi Iijima
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Seirei Sakura Citizen Hospital, 2-36-2 Ebaradai Sakura-Shi, Sakura, Chiba, 285-8765, Japan
| | - Taro Okumura
- Department of Physical Therapy, Seirei Sakura Citizen Hospital, Sakura, Japan
| | - Takehide Katogi
- Department of Physical Therapy, Seirei Sakura Citizen Hospital, Sakura, Japan
| | - Shun Okuwaki
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Seirei Sakura Citizen Hospital, 2-36-2 Ebaradai Sakura-Shi, Sakura, Chiba, 285-8765, Japan
| | - Masayuki Miyagi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Gen Inoue
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Akazawa
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, St. Marianna University, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Shiga
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shohei Minami
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Seirei Sakura Citizen Hospital, 2-36-2 Ebaradai Sakura-Shi, Sakura, Chiba, 285-8765, Japan
| | - Seiji Ohtori
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masashi Takaso
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
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Pérez-Bellmunt A, Casasayas-Cos O, Ragazzi P, Rodríguez-Sanz J, Hidalgo-García C, Canet-Vintró M, Caballero-Martínez I, Pacheco L, López-de-Celis C. Foam Rolling vs. Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Stretching in the Hamstring Flexibility of Amateur Athletes: Control Trials. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:1439. [PMID: 36674197 PMCID: PMC9861030 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20021439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND the use of stretching techniques in the sports world is frequent and common thanks to their many effects. One of the main benefits of stretching is an increased range of motion (ROM). Recently, the use of a foam roller has spread in sports practice due to benefits that are similar to those of shoes observed in stretching. The objective of the following study was to compare the results of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching (PNF) with foam rolling (FR). METHODS The design of the study was a single-blind, randomized controlled trial (clinicaltrial.gov NCT05134883), and the participants were 80 healthy young athletes. The range of motion was evaluated with a modified sit-and-reach test before, during (at 30 s), and at the end of the intervention (at 2 min). The subject's discomfort sensation was measured using the Borg scale. Effect sizes were calculated using Cohen's d coefficient. Volunteers were randomized into the PNF group or FR group. RESULTS the differences were statistically significant (p < 0.001) during the intervention in favor of PNF group. The differences at the end of intervention showed that the PNF group had a greater increase in flexibility, with this difference being statically significant (p < 0.001). The sensation of perceived exertion with PNF at the end of the intervention was similarly classified as moderate for both groups. CONCLUSION Despite the fact that the use of FR is spreading in the field of sports and rehabilitation, the results of the present study suggest that the gain in flexibility in the hamstrings is greater if PNF-type stretches are used instead of FR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Pérez-Bellmunt
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08017 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
- ACTIUM Functional Anatomy Group, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08195 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
| | - Oriol Casasayas-Cos
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08017 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
- ACTIUM Functional Anatomy Group, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08195 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
| | - Paolo Ragazzi
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08017 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
- ACTIUM Functional Anatomy Group, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08195 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
| | - Jacobo Rodríguez-Sanz
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08017 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
- ACTIUM Functional Anatomy Group, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08195 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
| | - César Hidalgo-García
- Departamento de Fisiatría y Enfermería, Unidad de Investigación en Fisioterapia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Zaragoza, C/Domingo Miral, s/n, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Max Canet-Vintró
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08017 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
- ACTIUM Functional Anatomy Group, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08195 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
| | - Iván Caballero-Martínez
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08017 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
- ACTIUM Functional Anatomy Group, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08195 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
| | - Laura Pacheco
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08017 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
| | - Carlos López-de-Celis
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08017 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
- ACTIUM Functional Anatomy Group, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08195 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
- Institut Universitari per a la Recerca a I’Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), 08007 Barcelona, Spain
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Taşpınar G, Angın E, Oksüz S. The effects of Pilates on pain, functionality, quality of life, flexibility and endurance in lumbar disc herniation. J Comp Eff Res 2023; 12:e220144. [PMID: 36453667 PMCID: PMC10288967 DOI: 10.2217/cer-2022-0144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To assess the effects of clinical Pilates exercises (CPE) on the level of pain, functional status, flexibility, static and dynamic endurance of the trunk muscles and quality of life (QoL) in patients with lumbar disc herniation. Materials & methods: Individuals were divided into two groups: the CPE (6 weeks, three-times a week) group (n = 27) and the control group (n = 27). The clinical outcome measures were the visual analog scale for the evaluation of the pain intensity, Oswestry disability index for functional disability, short form-36 for health related QoL, sit and reach and hand finger floor distance test for the flexibility, side-bridge and sit-ups test for the static and dynamic endurance. Results: At the end of the 6 weeks the amount of decrease in the level of pain and Oswestry disability index, amount of increase in sit-reach test and hand-finger-to-floor distance, duration of the lateral bridge and sits-ups test and most of the short form-36 sub parameters was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the CPE group. Conclusion: CPE was an effective and safe method for symptomatic patients with lumbar disc herniation in reducing the pain level and functional disability and improving flexibility, static and dynamic endurance and partially their QoL. Clinical Trial Registration: NCT03198273 (ClinicalTrials.gov).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gülşan Taşpınar
- Medicalport Tunççevik Hospital, Kurtuluş Street, No.70 Bellapais Road, Kyrenia, Cyprus
| | - Ender Angın
- Department of Physiotherapy & Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Eastern Mediterranean University, 99628, North Cyprus via Mersin 10, Famagusta, Turkey
| | - Sevim Oksüz
- Department of Physiotherapy & Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Eastern Mediterranean University, 99628, North Cyprus via Mersin 10, Famagusta, Turkey
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Pérez-Vigo C, Sanchez-Lastra M, Martínez-de-Quel O, Ayan C. Fiabilidad y validez de las pruebas v-sit-and-reach y toe-touch en preescolares. REVISTA INTERNACIONAL DE MEDICINA Y CIENCIAS DE LA ACTIVIDAD FÍSICA Y DEL DEPORTE 2022. [DOI: 10.15366/rimcafd2022.88.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Este estudio de carácter psicométrico tuvo como objetivo evaluar la fiabilidad y validez de las pruebas V-Sit and Reach (VS) y Toe –Touch (TT) en población preescolar. De un total inicial de 158 participantes, 132 realizaron las pruebas en tres ocasiones. La prueba de elevación pasiva de la pierna recta (PSLR) se usó como indicador de validez. Ambas pruebas mostraron una fiabilidad excelente (CCI=0,91-0,93 para el VS; CCI=0,93-0,97 para el TT). Se observaron correlaciones estadísticamente significativas (p<0,05) entre ambas herramientas y la prueba de PSLR para todos los grupos analizados, excepto en el TT en el grupo de 3 años de edad. En conclusión, estos hallazgos indican que tanto el VS como el TT son pruebas con una validez moderada para evaluar la flexibilidad de la parte inferior del cuerpo en preescolares. La prueba VS puede ser preferible sobre la prueba TT.
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Carmichael DS, Hickey JT, Tofari PJ, Bourne MN, Ward MR, Timmins RG. Effect of an Isometric or Eccentric Hip Extension Exercise Intervention on Hamstring Strength, Architecture, and Morphology. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2022; 54:2196-2207. [PMID: 35941515 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000003012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate hamstring architectural, strength, and morphological adaptations after an eccentric or isometric hip extension exercise intervention. METHODS Twenty-four recreationally active males performed either an eccentric ( n = 12) or an isometric hip extension ( n = 12) exercise intervention, twice per week for 6 wk, followed by a 4-wk detraining period. Biceps femoris long head (BFlh) architecture was assessed pre-intervention, mid-intervention, post-intervention, and post-detraining via two-dimensional ultrasound. Strength was assessed pre-intervention, post-intervention, and post-detraining during an isokinetic knee flexion, an isometric hip extension, a Nordic hamstring exercise, and a single-leg hamstring bridge repetition to fatigue test. Hamstring muscle morphology was assessed via magnetic resonance imaging before strength testing sessions. RESULTS The eccentric hip extension exercise intervention significantly lengthened BFlh fascicles (+19.7%, P < 0.001, d = 1.57), increased eccentric knee flexion torque (ECC 60°·s -1 , +12%, P < 0.005, d = 0.66; ECC 180°·s -1 , +8.3%, P < 0.05, d = 0.41), and increased BFlh (+13.3%, P < 0.001, d = 1.96) and semimembranosus (SM) muscle volume (+12.5%, P < 0.001, d = 2.25). After 4 wk of detraining, BFlh fascicles were significantly shortened in the eccentric group (-14.8%, P < 0.005, d = -1.25), whereas eccentric knee flexion torque and BFlh and SM volumes were unchanged. The isometric hip extension exercise intervention significantly increased isometric knee flexion torque (+10.4%, P < 0.05, d = 0.54), isometric hip extension force (+12.4%, P < 0.05, d = 0.41), and semitendinosus volume (+15%, P = 0.054, d = 1.57). All other outcome measures saw no significant changes. After 4 wk of detraining, no significant changes to any variables were observed in the isometric group. CONCLUSIONS The eccentric but not isometric hip extension exercise intervention significantly increased BFlh fascicle length. Both exercise interventions demonstrated contraction mode-specific increases in strength. However, the eccentric hip extension exercise intervention resulted in preferential hypertrophy of BFlh and SM, and the isometric hip extension exercise intervention led to selective hypertrophy of semitendinosus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Declan S Carmichael
- School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, AUSTRALIA
| | | | - Paul J Tofari
- School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, AUSTRALIA
| | - Matthew N Bourne
- School of Health Sciences and Social Work, Griffith University, Gold Coast, AUSTRALIA
| | - Mark R Ward
- Imaging @ Olympic Park, Melbourne, AUSTRALIA
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Muñoz-Bermejo L, González-Becerra MJ, Barrios-Fernández S, Postigo-Mota S, Jerez-Barroso MDR, Martínez JAF, Suárez-Lantarón B, Marín DM, Martín-Bermúdez N, Ortés-Gómez R, Gómez-Ullate-García de León M, Martínez-Acevedo M, Rocha-Gómez L, Espejo-Antúnez S, Fraile-Bravo M, Galán MGS, Chato-Gonzalo I, Muñoz FJD, Hernández-Mocholí MÁ, Madruga-Vicente M, Prado-Solano A, Mendoza-Muñoz M, Carlos-Vivas J, Pérez-Gómez J, Pastor-Cisneros R, Fuentes-Flores P, Pereira-Payo D, De Los Ríos-Calonge J, Urbano-Mairena J, Guerra-Bustamante J, Adsuar JC. Cost-Effectiveness of the Comprehensive Interdisciplinary Program-Care in Informal Caregivers of People with Alzheimer's Disease. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph192215243. [PMID: 36429962 PMCID: PMC9691117 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192215243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
People with Alzheimer's disease (AD) diagnosis who get informal care remain at home longer, reducing the demand for healthcare resources but increasing the stress of caregiving. Research on the effectiveness of physical training, psychoeducational, cognitive-behavioural, and health education programs in reducing the caregiver load and enhancing health-related quality of life (HRQoL) exist, but none exist about an integrated interdisciplinary program. The goals of this project are (1) to assess the Integral-CARE Interdisciplinary Program (IP) applicability, safety, effects on HRQoL, and the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio for AD caregivers; (2) to evaluate the IP applicability and cost-effectiveness to enhance the physical, psychoemotional, cognitive-behavioural dimensions, and the health education status of informal caregivers, and (3) to study the transference of the results to the public and private sectors. A randomized controlled trial will be conducted with an experimental (IP) and a control group (no intervention). The PI will be conducted over nine months using face-to-face sessions (twice a week) and virtual sessions on an online platform (once a week). There will be an initial, interim (every three months), and final assessment. Focus groups with social and health agents will be organized to determine the most important information to convey to the public and private sectors in Extremadura (Spain). Applicability, safety, HRQoL, incremental cost-effectiveness ratio, and HRQoL will be the main outcome measures, while secondary measures will include sociodemographic data; physical, psychoemotional, health education, and cognitive-behavioural domains; program adherence; and patient health status. Data will be examined per procedure and intention to treat. A cost-effectiveness study will also be performed from the viewpoints of private and public healthcare resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Muñoz-Bermejo
- Social Impact and Innovation in Health (InHEALTH) Research Group, University Centre of Mérida, University of Extremadura, 06800 Mérida, Spain
| | | | - Sabina Barrios-Fernández
- Social Impact and Innovation in Health (InHEALTH) Research Group, University Centre of Mérida, University of Extremadura, 06800 Mérida, Spain
| | - Salvador Postigo-Mota
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - María del Rocío Jerez-Barroso
- Social Impact and Innovation in Health (InHEALTH) Research Group, University Centre of Mérida, University of Extremadura, 06800 Mérida, Spain
| | - Juan Agustín Franco Martínez
- Health Economy Motricity and Education (HEME) Research Group, Faculty of Sport Science, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
| | - Belén Suárez-Lantarón
- Education Sciences Department, Faculty of Education, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Diego Muñoz Marín
- Department of Musical, Plastic and Corporal Expression, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, Av. de la Universidad, s/n, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
| | - Nieves Martín-Bermúdez
- Department of Educational Sciences, Faculty of Education and Education and Psychology, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
| | - Raquel Ortés-Gómez
- Area Specialist in the Extremadura Health Service, Geriatrics Service of the Hospital Virgen del Puerto de Plasencia, 10600 Plasencia, Spain
| | - Martín Gómez-Ullate-García de León
- Department of Teaching of Musical, Plastic and Body Expression, Faculty of Teacher Training, University of Extremadura, 10004 Cáceres, Spain
| | | | - Lara Rocha-Gómez
- Gpex-Eshaex Superior School of Hotel Management and Agrotourism of Extremadura, 06800 Mérida, Spain
| | - Sara Espejo-Antúnez
- Department of Educational Sciences, Faculty of Teacher Training, University of Extremadura, 10004 Cáceres, Spain
| | - Mercedes Fraile-Bravo
- Health Economy Motricity and Education (HEME) Research Group, Faculty of Sport Science, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
| | - María Gloria Solís Galán
- Department of Educational Sciences, Faculty of Teacher Training, University of Extremadura, 10004 Cáceres, Spain
| | - Ignacio Chato-Gonzalo
- Department of Social Sciences, Language and Literature Teaching, Faculty of Teacher Training, University of Extremadura, 10004 Cáceres, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Domínguez Muñoz
- Physical Activity and Quality of Life (AFYCAV) Research Group, Faculty of Sport Science, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Hernández-Mocholí
- Physical Activity and Quality of Life (AFYCAV) Research Group, Faculty of Sport Science, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
| | - Miguel Madruga-Vicente
- Physical Activity and Quality of Life (AFYCAV) Research Group, Faculty of Sport Science, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
| | - Angelina Prado-Solano
- Social Impact and Innovation in Health (InHEALTH) Research Group, University Centre of Mérida, University of Extremadura, 06800 Mérida, Spain
| | - María Mendoza-Muñoz
- Physical and Health Literacy and Health-Related Quality of Life (PHYQOL) Research Group, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
| | - Jorge Carlos-Vivas
- Health Economy Motricity and Education (HEME) Research Group, Faculty of Sport Science, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
| | - Jorge Pérez-Gómez
- Health Economy Motricity and Education (HEME) Research Group, Faculty of Sport Science, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
| | - Raquel Pastor-Cisneros
- Social Impact and Innovation in Health (InHEALTH) Research Group, University Centre of Mérida, University of Extremadura, 06800 Mérida, Spain
| | - Paulina Fuentes-Flores
- Promoting a Healthy Society (PHeSo) Research Group, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 Caceres, Spain
| | - Damián Pereira-Payo
- Promoting a Healthy Society (PHeSo) Research Group, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 Caceres, Spain
| | - Javier De Los Ríos-Calonge
- Promoting a Healthy Society (PHeSo) Research Group, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 Caceres, Spain
| | - Javier Urbano-Mairena
- Promoting a Healthy Society (PHeSo) Research Group, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 Caceres, Spain
| | - Joan Guerra-Bustamante
- Health Economy Motricity and Education (HEME) Research Group, Faculty of Sport Science, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
| | - José Carmelo Adsuar
- Promoting a Healthy Society (PHeSo) Research Group, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 Caceres, Spain
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Cejudo A. Description of ROM-SPORT I Battery: Keys to Assess Lower Limb Flexibility. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:10747. [PMID: 36078461 PMCID: PMC9517817 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191710747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Limited range of motion (ROM) is considered one of the most important intrinsic and modifiable risk factors for the most common sports-related injuries. In addition, controlling and monitoring an athlete's ROM is a strategy to achieve optimal ROM and improve athletic performance in sports, especially those that require high ROM in the major joints. Therefore, assessing ROM (pre-participation, during a rehabilitation process, on return to play, etc.) is important not only as a method to prevent sports injuries, but also as a quantitative determinant of the potential of athletic performance. However, despite the variety of different ROM assessment methods described in the literature, there is no consensus on which methods are best suited for this goal. Recently, the ROM-SPORT I battery has been shown to have advantages over other ROM assessment methods. This tool has not yet been fully described in detail for researchers, sports professionals, and clinicians to learn. The main objective of this study is to describe the ROM-SPORT I battery tests in detail using the following criteria: test description, simplicity of the test procedure, low need for human and material resources, predictive validity, and reliability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Cejudo
- Department of Physical Activity and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, CEIR Campus Mare Nostrum (CMN), University of Murcia, 30720 Murcia, Spain; ; Tel.: +34-868-888-430
- Locomotor System and Sport Research Group (E0B5-07), University of Murcia, 30720 Murcia, Spain
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10
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Cuenca-Garcia M, Marin-Jimenez N, Perez-Bey A, Sánchez-Oliva D, Camiletti-Moiron D, Alvarez-Gallardo IC, Ortega FB, Castro-Piñero J. Reliability of Field-Based Fitness Tests in Adults: A Systematic Review. Sports Med 2022; 52:1961-1979. [PMID: 35064915 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-021-01635-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical fitness is a powerful predictor of morbidity and mortality, and is therefore a useful indicator for public health monitoring. To assess physical fitness, field-based tests are time-efficient, inexpensive, have minimal equipment requirements, and can be easily administered to a large number of individuals. OBJECTIVE The objective of this systematic review was to examine the reliability of existing field-based fitness tests used in adults aged 19-64 years. METHODS A systematic search of two electronic databases (MEDLINE and Web of Science) was conducted from inception to 8 June 2021 by two independent researchers. Each study was classified as high, low, or very low quality according to the description of the participants, the time interval between measurements, the description of the results, and the appropriateness of statistics. Three levels of evidence (strong, moderate, and limited) were established according to the number of studies and the consistency of their findings. The study protocol was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO reference number, CRD42019118480). RESULTS Of 17,010 records identified, 129 original studies examining the reliability of field-based fitness tests in adults were considered eligible. The reliability was assessed of tests of cardiorespiratory fitness (33 studies: 30 of high quality), musculoskeletal fitness (92 studies: 78 of high quality), and motor fitness (22 studies, all of high quality). There was strong evidence indicating: (i) the high reliability of the cardiorespiratory fitness tests: 20-m shuttle run, 6-min step, and 6-min walk; (ii) the high reliability of the musculoskeletal fitness tests: handgrip strength, back-leg strength, Sorensen, trunk flexion sustained, 5-reps sit-to-stand, sit-and-reach and toe-touch, and moderate reliability bilateral side bridge and prone bridge tests; and (iii) the moderate reliability and low reliability, respectively, of the motor fitness tests T-test and single-leg stand. We found moderate evidence indicating the moderate or high reliability of the following tests: Chester, sit-up, partial curl-up, flexion-rotation trunk, timed stair ascent, pull-up, bent-arm hang, standing broad jump, hop sequence, trunk lift, timed-up-and-go, and hexagon agility. Evidence for the reliability of balance and gait speed tests was inconclusive. Other field-based fitness tests demonstrated limited evidence, mainly due to there being only few studies. CONCLUSIONS This review provides an evidence-based proposal of the more reliable field-based fitness tests for adults aged 19-64 years. Our findings identified a need for more high-quality studies designed to assess the reliability of field-based tests of lower and upper body explosive and endurance muscular strength, and motor fitness (i.e., balance and gait speed tests) in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Cuenca-Garcia
- GALENO Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, School of Education, University of Cádiz, Puerto Real, Avenida República Saharaui S/N, 11519, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cadiz, Spain
| | - Nuria Marin-Jimenez
- GALENO Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, School of Education, University of Cádiz, Puerto Real, Avenida República Saharaui S/N, 11519, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cadiz, Spain.
| | - Alejandro Perez-Bey
- GALENO Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, School of Education, University of Cádiz, Puerto Real, Avenida República Saharaui S/N, 11519, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cadiz, Spain
| | - David Sánchez-Oliva
- GALENO Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, School of Education, University of Cádiz, Puerto Real, Avenida República Saharaui S/N, 11519, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cadiz, Spain
- ACAFYDE Research Group, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, Caceres, Spain
| | - Daniel Camiletti-Moiron
- GALENO Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, School of Education, University of Cádiz, Puerto Real, Avenida República Saharaui S/N, 11519, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cadiz, Spain
| | - Inmaculada C Alvarez-Gallardo
- GALENO Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, School of Education, University of Cádiz, Puerto Real, Avenida República Saharaui S/N, 11519, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cadiz, Spain
| | - Francisco B Ortega
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity" Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Jose Castro-Piñero
- GALENO Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, School of Education, University of Cádiz, Puerto Real, Avenida República Saharaui S/N, 11519, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cadiz, Spain
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11
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Liu H, Shen Y, Xiong Y, Zhou H, Mao Y, Shen Q, Hong W, Liu M, Liu Y, Qiu L, Zhang Z, Jia Y. Psychometric Properties of Four Common Clinical Tests for Assessing Hamstring Flexibility in Young Adults. Front Physiol 2022; 13:911240. [PMID: 35784887 PMCID: PMC9240627 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.911240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To examine the psychometric properties of four common hamstring muscle flexibility tests involving the straight leg raise (SLR), passive knee extension (PKE), sit and reach test (SRT) and toe touch test (TTT) in young adults. Methods: Forty-three young healthy adults (mean age 27.4 years) were recruited for 3 repeated sessions of hamstring flexibility assessments using the 4 tests mentioned above and the subsequent isokinetic examinations. The first two sessions (S1 and S2) were conducted by two different raters randomly on the first day (D1), and the third session (S3) was conducted by the same rater as S1 3 days later (D4). The next day (D5), the isokinetic performances of knee extensors and flexors of the dominant leg were assessed. To evaluate the interrater (S1 vs. S2) and test-retest (S1 vs. S3) reliability of hamstring flexibility tests, intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs), standard errors of measurement, and the minimum detectable differences were calculated. Correlation analyses were performed to study the association of each hamstring flexibility test with the isokinetic muscle function of the knee flexors (H) and extensors (Q), including the peak torque (PT), total amount of work (TW) and average power (AP). Results: Excellent interrater and test-retest reliability of hamstring flexibility tests involving the SLR, PKE, SRT and TTT were confirmed with ICCs ranging from 0.923 to 0.986. Fair correlations were found between the 4 hamstring flexibility tests and the H/Q for the PT at angular speeds of 180°/s (Pearson’s r at 0.330–0.449). In addition, the PKE was fairly correlated with the AP of the hamstring (Pearson’s r = 0.320) and the H/Q for the TW (Pearson’s r = 0.345) and AP (Pearson’s r = 0.386) at angular speeds of 180°/s. Conclusions: This study confirmed that the SLR, PKE, SRT and TTT were reliable flexibility tests for hamstring muscles in young healthy adults, and the PKE might be a more valid outcome measure to predict hamstring injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Liu
- Rehabilitation Department, JORU Rehabilitation Hospital, Yixing, China
| | - Ying Shen
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuan Xiong
- Department of Physical Therapy, Guangdong Work Injury Rehabilitation Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongfei Zhou
- Neuro-Rehabilitation Center, JORU Rehabilitation Hospital, Yixing, China
| | - Yuchen Mao
- Neuro-Rehabilitation Center, JORU Rehabilitation Hospital, Yixing, China
| | - Qiangqiang Shen
- Neuro-Rehabilitation Center, JORU Rehabilitation Hospital, Yixing, China
| | - Wenxia Hong
- Neuro-Rehabilitation Center, JORU Rehabilitation Hospital, Yixing, China
| | - Mingjian Liu
- Department of Physical Therapy, Guangdong Work Injury Rehabilitation Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanqian Liu
- Department of Physical Therapy, Guangdong Work Injury Rehabilitation Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Qiu
- Department of Physical Therapy, Guangdong Work Injury Rehabilitation Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhijie Zhang
- Luoyang Orthopedic Hospital of Henan Province, Luoyang, China
- *Correspondence: Yanbing Jia, ; Zhijie Zhang,
| | - Yanbing Jia
- Neuro-Rehabilitation Center, JORU Rehabilitation Hospital, Yixing, China
- *Correspondence: Yanbing Jia, ; Zhijie Zhang,
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12
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Yoo TK, Park SH, Park SJ, Lee JY. Impact of Sex on the Association between Flexibility and Arterial Stiffness in Older Adults. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2022; 58:medicina58060789. [PMID: 35744052 PMCID: PMC9229439 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58060789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Flexibility is one of the most important physical fitness parameters in the geriatric population. Brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) is a measure of systemic arterial stiffness. However, data on the association between flexibility and arterial stiffness in the older adult population are limited. Therefore, we aim to investigate this association by using the sit-and-reach test (SRT) and measuring baPWV. Materials and Methods: We reviewed data from the 2014-2015 Korean Institute of Sports Science Fitness Standards Project. Individuals older than 65 years with SRT and baPWV data were included. A generalized linear regression analysis was conducted to assess the association between flexibility and arterial stiffness. Multiple relevant confounding factors were adjusted. Results: A total of 615 individuals were included in the analysis. The mean age of the male and female participants was 71.44 ± 4.42 and 70.64 ± 4.13 years, respectively. The mean SRT result was 6.58 ± 9.97 and 18.04 ± 7.48 cm, respectively. After multivariable adjustment among the male participants, the higher SRT result tertiles were inversely associated with baPWV (β (95% confidence interval): 3.11-11.00 cm, -74.45 (-140.93, -8.55); ≥11.01 cm, -108.17 (-177.65, -38.70)) in comparison with the lowest tertile. The female participants did not show any significant correlation between the SRT result and baPWV. Conclusions: Our results suggest an inverse association between trunk flexibility and systemic arterial stiffness, expressed as the SRT result and baPWV, respectively, in older Korean men but no association in older Korean women. Sex differences might influence the association between flexibility and arterial stiffness in the older adult population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Kyung Yoo
- Department of Medicine, MetroWest Medical Center, Framingham, MA 01702, USA;
| | - Soo-Hyun Park
- Department of Sport Science, Korea Institute of Sport Science, Seoul 01794, Korea;
| | - Sae-Jong Park
- Department of Sport Science, Korea Institute of Sport Science, Seoul 01794, Korea;
- Correspondence: (S.-J.P.); (J.-Y.L.); Tel.: +82-2-970-9562 (S.-J.P.); +82-2-2001-2001 (J.-Y.L.)
| | - Jong-Young Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 03181, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.-J.P.); (J.-Y.L.); Tel.: +82-2-970-9562 (S.-J.P.); +82-2-2001-2001 (J.-Y.L.)
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13
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Sganzerla G, Carregaro RL, Martinez PF, Oliveira-Junior SAD. Effectiveness of different weekly frequencies of nordic hamstring exercise on performance and injury-associated factors in intermittent sports athletes: protocol of a randomised clinical trial. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOTHERAPY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/21679169.2022.2070663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gianfranco Sganzerla
- Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Midwest Region of Brazil (PPGSD/UFMS), Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Luiz Carregaro
- Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences (PPG-CR/UnB), University of Brasília (UnB), Brasília, Brazil
| | - Paula Felippe Martinez
- Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Midwest Region of Brazil (PPGSD/UFMS), Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Movement Sciences (PPGCMOV/UFMS), Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Silvio Assis de Oliveira-Junior
- Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Midwest Region of Brazil (PPGSD/UFMS), Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Movement Sciences (PPGCMOV/UFMS), Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, Brazil
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14
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Impact of Flexibility on Vertical Jump, Balance and Speed in Amateur Football Players. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12115425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Muscle strength, power, balance and speed assume decisive roles in football performance. This study aims to investigate whether lower limb flexibility, particularly the hip flexors and knee extensor and flexor muscles, are correlated with vertical jump performance, balance and speed in adult football players. A sample of 22 male amateur football players (age: 22.3 ± 3 years; height: 175.4 ± 7.4 cm; weight: 74.9 ± 11.6 kg; BMI: 24.2 ± 2.6 kg/m2) were assessed for lower limb flexibility, vertical jump, balance and speed. Results indicated that vertical jump ability is moderately correlated with left knee extensors flexibility (ρ = −0.426; p = 0.048), which did not occur on the right side. There were no statistically significant correlations between vertical jump and knee flexors flexibility (ρ = 0.330; p = 0.133). In balance, the reaching distance on the right side presented a moderate and statistically significant correlation with the knee flexors flexibility (ρ = 0.411; p = 0.040), which was not observed on the left side. Velocity was not correlated with the knee extensors flexibility (right: ρ = 0.360; p = 0.100; left: ρ = 0.386; p = 0.076), or with the knee flexors flexibility (ρ = −0.173; p = 0.440). In conclusion, the influence of flexibility on vertical jump ability, balance and speed appears to exist. Further research should seek to clarify the associations between these abilities.
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15
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Effectiveness of a 12-Week Multi-Component Training Program with and without Transcranial Direct-Current Stimulation (tDCS) on Balance to Prevent Falls in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Study Protocol. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11020290. [PMID: 35205156 PMCID: PMC8868777 DOI: 10.3390/biology11020290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Falls in community-dwelling individuals aged over 65 produce serious outcomes such as disability, morbidity, and mortality, as well as high healthcare costs. This research aims to assess whether a multicomponent training programme (McTP) combined with a transcranial direct-current stimulation device (tDCS), Halo Sport, produces improvements in balance and other gait-related parameters. Therefore, this study intends to test the efficacy of adding a tCDS device to an McTP in order to prevent falls in older adults by testing the safety, efficacy, and effectiveness of its implementation in care resources for the elderly. Abstract Approximately one-third of elderly people aged over 65 who live in the community experience falls every year, with the proportion increasing with age. Moreover, of those who fall, about half will fall again in the following year. The falls’ consequences include disability, morbidity, and mortality. Although many external and internal factors lead to falls, balance issues play a major role. Multi-component training programs (McTP) usually combine balance, strength, cardiorespiratory fitness, and flexibility, with studies reporting multiple benefits on the health-related quality of life. Halo Sport is a transcranial direct-current stimulation (tDCS) device with promising results for gait performance. This study aims to test the effectiveness of the introduction of a tCDS device to an McTP to prevent falls in older adults. The sample will consist of 46 people aged 65 years or older, randomly assigned to experimental (n = 23) and control (n = 23) groups. The experimental group will perform the McTP while wearing tDCS, and the control group will perform McTP without the device, for three sessions per week over 12 weeks. The main measures will provide information about (1) safety, (2) applicability, (3) balance, (4) number of falls, (5) physical fitness, (6) risk of falling, (7) fear of falling, (8) health-related quality of life, and (9) cognitive function. Among the practical implications of this program, it is intended to provide data on its safety and effectiveness to be implemented in different resources as a tool for the prevention of falls.
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Effects of Hypopressive Exercise on Posterior Back Chain Kinematics and Pulmonary Function in Professional Female Basketball Players. J Sport Rehabil 2021; 31:305-312. [PMID: 34929664 DOI: 10.1123/jsr.2021-0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Hypopressive exercise (HE) has been used as an alternative lumbo-pelvic injury prevention program and claimed to be a means of respiratory and flexibility improvement. However, the possible effects of HE on athletic populations and physical performance remain unclear. OBJECTIVE Examine the effects of a HE program on posterior back chain kinematics, thoracic mobility, pulmonary function, and lower lumbar pain in female basketball players over an 8-week training period. DESIGN Prospective (1) baseline, (2) midpoint (4 wk), and (3) after 8 weeks. SETTING Sports field. PARTICIPANTS A total of 17 professional female basketball players (mean age 20.7 y, SD: 3.50; body mass index, 21.71, SD: 1.69). INTERVENTION Participants performed 8 HE weekly sessions of 30 minutes. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Back chain kinematics was assessed with the sit and reach and finger to floor test, and back pain was assessed through numerical rating scale. Respiratory parameters were assessed by spirometry and through thoracic mobility. RESULTS The analysis of variance revealed significant differences between the 3 measurement periods for thoracic mobility (P > .01); forced expiratory volume in the first second (P < .05) while no statistical differences were found for the rest of spirometry outcomes. Significant differences were also revealed between baseline and after the intervention for the sit and reach test (P > .01), peak expiratory flow (P = .01), and forced expiratory volume in the first 25 seconds (P = .04). Also, significant differences between weeks were found in levels of lumbar pain (P = .003) and the finger to floor test (P = .002). CONCLUSIONS These preliminary findings suggest that a HE program can improve posterior back chain and chest wall kinematics as well as lower lumbar pain levels. However, no gains seem to be observed for the majority of pulmonary variables except for peak expiratory flow and forced expiratory volume in the first seconds.
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Lin II, Chen YL, Chuang LL. Test-Retest Reliability of Home-Based Fitness Assessments Using a Mobile App (R Plus Health) in Healthy Adults: Prospective Quantitative Study. JMIR Form Res 2021; 5:e28040. [PMID: 34657835 PMCID: PMC8701670 DOI: 10.2196/28040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poor physical fitness has a negative impact on overall health status. An increasing number of health-related mobile apps have emerged to reduce the burden of medical care and the inconvenience of long-distance travel. However, few studies have been conducted on home-based fitness tests using apps. Insufficient monitoring of physiological signals during fitness assessments have been noted. Therefore, we developed R Plus Health, a digital health app that incorporates all the components of a fitness assessment with concomitant physiological signal monitoring. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to investigate the test-retest reliability of home-based fitness assessments using the R Plus Health app in healthy adults. METHODS A total of 31 healthy young adults self-executed 2 fitness assessments using the R Plus Health app, with a 2- to 3-day interval between assessments. The fitness assessments included cardiorespiratory endurance, strength, flexibility, mobility, and balance tests. The intraclass correlation coefficient was computed as a measure of the relative reliability of the fitness assessments and determined their consistency. The SE of measurement, smallest real difference at a 90% CI, and Bland-Altman analyses were used to assess agreement, sensitivity to real change, and systematic bias detection, respectively. RESULTS The relative reliability of the fitness assessments using R Plus Health was moderate to good (intraclass correlation coefficient 0.8-0.99 for raw scores, 0.69-0.99 for converted scores). The SE of measurement and smallest real difference at a 90% CI were 1.44-6.91 and 3.36-16.11, respectively, in all fitness assessments. The 95% CI of the mean difference indicated no significant systematic error between the assessments for the strength and balance tests. The Bland-Altman analyses revealed no significant systematic bias between the assessments for all tests, with a few outliers. The Bland-Altman plots illustrated narrow limits of agreement for upper extremity strength, abdominal strength, and right leg stance tests, indicating good agreement between the 2 assessments. CONCLUSIONS Home-based fitness assessments using the R Plus Health app were reliable and feasible in young, healthy adults. The results of the fitness assessments can offer a comprehensive understanding of general health status and help prescribe safe and suitable exercise training regimens. In future work, the app will be tested in different populations (eg, patients with chronic diseases or users with poor fitness), and the results will be compared with clinical test results. TRIAL REGISTRATION Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR2000030905; http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=50229.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-I Lin
- Recovery Plus Inc, Chengdu, China
| | | | - Li-Ling Chuang
- School of Physical Therapy & Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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Acute Effects of Static Self-Stretching Exercises and Foam Roller Self-Massaging on the Trunk Range of Motions and Strength of the Trunk Extensors. Sports (Basel) 2021; 9:sports9120159. [PMID: 34941797 PMCID: PMC8708179 DOI: 10.3390/sports9120159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the effectiveness of static self-stretching exercises (SSSEs) and foam roller self-massaging (FRSM) in joint range of motion and muscle strength of the lower limbs has been extensively investigated, little is known about their effectiveness on the posterior trunk muscles. The present study aimed to investigate the acute effects of two 7-min SSSEs and FRSM intervention protocols on the range of trunk movements and the strength of the trunk extensors. Twenty-five healthy active males (n = 14) and females (n = 11) performed each intervention separately, one week apart. The range of motion (ROM) of the trunk-hip flexion (T-HF), the ROM of the trunk side-flexion (TSF) and rotation (TR) bilaterally, as well as the isometric maximum strength (TESmax) and endurance (TESend) of the trunk extensors were measured before and after each intervention. The ROMs of T-HF, TSF, and TR were significantly increased following both SSSEs and FRSM. The TESmax and TESend were also significantly increased after FRSM, but decreased following SSSEs. While both interventions were effective in increasing the range of motion of the trunk, a single 7-min session of FRSM presented more advantages over a similar duration SSSEs protocol due to the increase in the strength of the trunk extensors it induced.
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Fauris P, López-de-Celis C, Canet-Vintró M, Martin JC, Llurda-Almuzara L, Rodríguez-Sanz J, Labata-Lezaun N, Simon M, Pérez-Bellmunt A. Does Self-Myofascial Release Cause a Remote Hamstring Stretching Effect Based on Myofascial Chains? A Randomized Controlled Trial. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:12356. [PMID: 34886078 PMCID: PMC8656845 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182312356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The hamstring muscles are described as forming part of myofascial chains or meridians, and the superficial back line (SBL) is one such chain. Good hamstring flexibility is fundamental to sporting performance and is associated with prevention of injuries of these muscles. The aim of this study was to measure the effect of self-myofascial release (SMR) on hamstring flexibility and determine which segment of the SBL resulted in the greatest increase in flexibility. METHODS 94 volunteers were randomly assigned to a control group or to one of the five intervention groups. In the intervention groups, SMR was applied to one of the five segments of the SBL (plantar fascia, posterior part of the sural fascia, posterior part of the crural fascia, lumbar fascia or epicranial aponeurosis) for 10 min. The analyzed variables were hamstring flexibility at 30 s, 2, 5, and 10 min, and dorsiflexion range of motion before and after the intervention. RESULTS Hamstring flexibility and ankle dorsiflexion improved when SMR was performed on any of the SBL segments. The segments with the greatest effect were the posterior part of the sural fascia when the intervention was brief (30 s to 2 min) or the posterior part of the crural fascia when the intervention was longer (5 or 10 min). In general, 50% of the flexibility gain was obtained during the first 2 min of SMR. CONCLUSIONS The SBL may be considered a functional structure, and SMR to any of the segments can improve hamstring flexibility and ankle dorsiflexion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Fauris
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08017 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain; (P.F.); (C.L.-d.-C.); (M.C.-V.); (J.C.M.); (L.L.-A.); (J.R.-S.); (N.L.-L.); (M.S.)
- ACTIUM Functional Anatomy Group, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08195 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
| | - Carlos López-de-Celis
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08017 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain; (P.F.); (C.L.-d.-C.); (M.C.-V.); (J.C.M.); (L.L.-A.); (J.R.-S.); (N.L.-L.); (M.S.)
- ACTIUM Functional Anatomy Group, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08195 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
- Institut Universitari per a la Recerca a I’Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), 08007 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Max Canet-Vintró
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08017 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain; (P.F.); (C.L.-d.-C.); (M.C.-V.); (J.C.M.); (L.L.-A.); (J.R.-S.); (N.L.-L.); (M.S.)
- ACTIUM Functional Anatomy Group, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08195 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Martin
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08017 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain; (P.F.); (C.L.-d.-C.); (M.C.-V.); (J.C.M.); (L.L.-A.); (J.R.-S.); (N.L.-L.); (M.S.)
| | - Luis Llurda-Almuzara
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08017 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain; (P.F.); (C.L.-d.-C.); (M.C.-V.); (J.C.M.); (L.L.-A.); (J.R.-S.); (N.L.-L.); (M.S.)
- ACTIUM Functional Anatomy Group, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08195 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
| | - Jacobo Rodríguez-Sanz
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08017 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain; (P.F.); (C.L.-d.-C.); (M.C.-V.); (J.C.M.); (L.L.-A.); (J.R.-S.); (N.L.-L.); (M.S.)
- ACTIUM Functional Anatomy Group, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08195 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
| | - Noé Labata-Lezaun
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08017 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain; (P.F.); (C.L.-d.-C.); (M.C.-V.); (J.C.M.); (L.L.-A.); (J.R.-S.); (N.L.-L.); (M.S.)
- ACTIUM Functional Anatomy Group, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08195 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
| | - Mathias Simon
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08017 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain; (P.F.); (C.L.-d.-C.); (M.C.-V.); (J.C.M.); (L.L.-A.); (J.R.-S.); (N.L.-L.); (M.S.)
- ACTIUM Functional Anatomy Group, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08195 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
| | - Albert Pérez-Bellmunt
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08017 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain; (P.F.); (C.L.-d.-C.); (M.C.-V.); (J.C.M.); (L.L.-A.); (J.R.-S.); (N.L.-L.); (M.S.)
- ACTIUM Functional Anatomy Group, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08195 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
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Chen YL, Lin WC, Liao YH, Chen Y, Kang PY. Changing the pattern of the back-muscle flexion-relaxation phenomenon through flexibility training in relatively inflexible young men. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0259619. [PMID: 34739500 PMCID: PMC8570481 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Although several studies have investigated the back-muscle flexion-relaxation phenomenon (FRP), the effect of individual flexibility on the FRP has been discussed infrequently, with very limited data on the influence of flexibility training on the FRP. This study thus examined the effect of flexibility training on the change of back-muscle FRP pattern in relatively inflexible young men. We collected and analyzed the valid data from 20 male participants (10 each with high and low flexibility included in the control and trained groups, respectively) when flexing their trunks at seven trunk flexion positions (0°-90°, in increments of 15°); their erector spinae and hamstring activation, pelvic tilt, and lumbosacral angle were then recorded. After 7 weeks of flexibility training for the low-flexibility group, no difference in flexibility was discovered between this group and the control (originally high-flexibility) group. The trunk flexion experiment was then repeated. The results showed that before the training stage, the low-flexibility group had lower erector spinae and higher hamstring activation, a larger pelvic tilt, and a smaller lumbosacral angle. By contrast, after training, the erector spinae and hamstring activation, pelvic tilt, and lumbosacral angle were significantly changed, and no intergroup differences were observed in FRP patterns. The study results suggest that flexibility training changes lumbopelvic movement and thereby reduces the degree of the back-muscle FRP when trunk flexion is performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Lang Chen
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
| | - Wei-Cheng Lin
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Hua Liao
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi Chen
- Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yu Kang
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei, Taiwan
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A Preliminary Study of Pre-Season Taekwondo Preparation Strategy: Personal Isolation Training Effect for Elite Athletes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182010570. [PMID: 34682317 PMCID: PMC8536167 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182010570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Background: The global coronavirus disease pandemic (COVID-19) has had a considerable impact on athletic competition and team sports training. Athletes have been forced to train alone at home. However, the isolation training model effects are still unknown. Purpose: This study compared the effects of personal isolation training (PIT) and detraining (DT) on specific sport performances (flexibility, power, reaction time, acceleration, and aerobic capacity) and body composition in elite taekwondo athletes. Methods: Eleven elite taekwondo athletes were recruited as voluntary subjects. Athletes were randomly paired by weight into the personal isolation training group (PIT group: N = 5, age: 21.2 ± 0.4 years, BMI: 22.2 ± 0.8 kg/m2) or detraining group (DT group: N = 6, age: 19.8 ± 0.3 years, BMI: 23.1 ± 1.0 kg/m2). All subjects performed the same training content prior to the pre-test (T1). When the pre-test was completed, all subjects underwent 12 weeks of PIT or DT. Athletes were then administrated the post-test (T2). The athlete’s sport performances and body composition were measured to compare the differences between the two groups (PIT and DT) and two phases (T1 and T2). Results: There were no significant differences in kicking reaction time and flexibility in both groups (p > 0.05). The PIT showed significant improvements in 10 m (10M) sprint performance (p < 0.05), and displayed a progress trend in Abalakov jump performance. In addition, the PIT resulted in a better change response in 10M sprint performance (PIT: −4.2%, DT: +2.1%), aerobic endurance performance (PIT: −10.2%, DT: −18.4%), right arm muscle mass (PIT: +2.9%, DT: −3.8%), and trunk muscle mass (PIT: +2.2%, DT: −1.9%) than DT (p < 0.05). The fat mass percentage showed a negative change from T1 to T2 in both groups (p < 0.05). Conclusions: PIT showed a trend toward better body composition (arm and trunk muscle) and sport performances (10M sprint and aerobic capacity) compared to DT. This finding may provide information on the effectiveness of a personal isolation training model for optimal preparation for taekwondo athletes and coaches. It may also serve as a useful and safe guideline for training recommendations during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19).
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Bulow A, Anderson JE, Leiter JRS, MacDonald PB, Peeler JD. Safety and Effectiveness of a Perturbation-based Neuromuscular Training Program on Dynamic Balance in Adolescent Females: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Int J Sports Phys Ther 2021; 16:1001-1015. [PMID: 34386279 PMCID: PMC8329312 DOI: 10.26603/001c.25685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescent females are at much greater risk for ACL injury than their male counterparts when participating in the same sports. Preventative and pre-operative rehabilitation neuromuscular (NM) exercise programs are often recommended to improve knee function and reduce injury rates. The effectiveness of perturbation-based NM training program has been established in an adult population but has yet to be investigated in the at-risk adolescent female population. PURPOSE To determine the effectiveness of a perturbation-based NM exercise program in a group of physically active adolescent females. STUDY DESIGN Prospective randomized trial. METHODS Twenty-four healthy and an exploratory group of 10 ACL-injured females (ages 12-18) were equally randomized into a perturbation-based NM training or control group and evaluated before and after a five-week intervention period. The primary outcome of dynamic balance was measured using the Y-Balance test (YBT); secondary outcome measures included lower limb strength, proprioception, and flexibility. RESULTS The perturbation-based NM training intervention was safely completed by all participants but had no significant effect on YBT scoring, lower limb strength, proprioception or flexibility in either the healthy or ACL-injured groups. CONCLUSIONS Perturbation-based NM training is safe, but may offer little preventative benefit for healthy or pre-operative rehabilitation benefit for ACL-injured adolescent females. Future research should examine whether the effectiveness of perturbation-based NM training is influenced by the length of the training intervention, training intensity, or when it is combined with other forms of prophylactic or pre-surgical rehabilitation frequently used with at-risk adolescent females who regularly participate in sport. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level 3.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jason D Peeler
- Human Anatomy & Cell Science, University of Manitoba; Pan Am Clinic
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23
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Kerautret Y, Guillot A, Daligault S, Di Rienzo F. Foam Rolling Elicits Neuronal Relaxation Patterns Distinct from Manual Massage: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Brain Sci 2021; 11:818. [PMID: 34203036 PMCID: PMC8234052 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11060818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The present double-blinded, randomized controlled study sought to compare the effects of a full-body manual massage (MM) and a foam rolling (FR) intervention on subjective and objective indexes of performance and well-being. A total of 65 healthy individuals were randomly allocated to an FR, MM, or a control group who received a cognitively oriented relaxation routine. Self-report ratings of perceived anxiety, muscle relaxation, and muscle pain were used to index changes in affect and physical sensations. The sit-and-reach and toe-touch tests, as well as a mental calculation task, were used to index motor and cognitive performances, respectively. We also conducted resting-state electroencephalography and continuous skin conductance recordings before and after the experimental intervention. Both FR and MM groups exhibited neural synchronization of alpha and beta oscillations during the posttest. Skin conductance increased from the pretest to the posttest in the relaxation group, but decreased in the FR group. All interventions improved range of motion, although only the MM group outperformed the relaxation group for the toe-touch performance. MM was associated with reduced muscle pain and increased muscle relaxation. Reduced perceived anxiety after the intervention was observed in the FR group only. Overall, MM and FR both improved objective and subjective indexes of performance and well-being. Differences between the two massage interventions are discussed in relation to the effects of pressure stimulation on autonomic regulations and the proactive vs. retroactive nature of FR, compared to MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yann Kerautret
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, EA 7424, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France; (Y.K.); (A.G.)
- CAPSIX, 69002 Lyon, France
| | - Aymeric Guillot
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, EA 7424, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France; (Y.K.); (A.G.)
- Institut Universitaire de France, F-75000 Paris, France
| | | | - Franck Di Rienzo
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, EA 7424, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France; (Y.K.); (A.G.)
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Abstract
Flexibility refers to the intrinsic properties of body tissues that determine maximal joint range of motion without causing injury. For many years, flexibility has been classified by the American College of Sports Medicine as a major component of physical fitness. The notion flexibility is important for fitness has also led to the idea static stretching should be prescribed to improve flexibility. The current paper proposes flexibility be retired as a major component of physical fitness, and consequently, stretching be de-emphasized as a standard component of exercise prescriptions for most populations. First, I show flexibility has little predictive or concurrent validity with health and performance outcomes (e.g., mortality, falls, occupational performance) in apparently healthy individuals, particularly when viewed in light of the other major components of fitness (i.e., body composition, cardiovascular endurance, muscle endurance, muscle strength). Second, I explain that if flexibility requires improvement, this does not necessitate a prescription of stretching in most populations. Flexibility can be maintained or improved by exercise modalities that cause more robust health benefits than stretching (e.g., resistance training). Retirement of flexibility as a major component of physical fitness will simplify fitness batteries; save time and resources dedicated to flexibility instruction, measurement, and evaluation; and prevent erroneous conclusions about fitness status when interpreting flexibility scores. De-emphasis of stretching in exercise prescriptions will ensure stretching does not negatively impact other exercise and does not take away from time that could be allocated to training activities that have more robust health and performance benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- James L Nuzzo
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Barker Street, Randwick, NSW, Australia, 2031.
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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Senturk Y, Kirmizigil B, Tuzun EH. Effects of clinical Pilates on the fitness in people with children with disabilities: a randomized controlled trial. J Comp Eff Res 2021; 10:409-422. [PMID: 33709771 DOI: 10.2217/cer-2020-0108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: This study aimed to examine the effects of Clinical Pilates Exercises (CPE) on Health-Related Physical Fitness in Primary Caregivers. Patients & methods: Fifty-five participants were randomly divided into the CPE group and the Control group. Individuals in the CPE group performed CPE two-times a week for 8 weeks. Results: The intergroup comparisons showed that there were significant differences in favor of the CPE group in the sit-up test, body extension endurance, body flexion endurance, side bridge (right), squat test and flexibility tests (p < 0.05). The intragroup comparisons revealed significant differences in the CPE group in the sit-up test, body flexion endurance, side bridge (both sides), squat test and flexibility tests (p < 0.05). Conclusion: CPEs are effective on improvement of health-related fitness parameters in the primary caregivers of children with disabilities. Clinical trial registration number: NCT03729466.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazgi Senturk
- Department of Physiotherapy & Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Eastern Mediterranean University, Famagusta, North Cyprus, via Mersin-10, Turkey
| | - Berkiye Kirmizigil
- Department of Physiotherapy & Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Eastern Mediterranean University, Famagusta, North Cyprus, via Mersin-10, Turkey
| | - Emine H Tuzun
- Department of Physiotherapy & Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Eastern Mediterranean University, Famagusta, North Cyprus, via Mersin-10, Turkey
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Martínez-Lema D, Guede-Rojas F, González-Fernández K, Soto-Martínez A, Lagos-Hausheer L, Vergara-Ríos C, Márquez-Mayorga H, Mancilla CS. Immediate effects of a direct myofascial release technique on hip and cervical flexibility in inactive females with hamstring shortening: A randomized controlled trial. J Bodyw Mov Ther 2020; 26:57-63. [PMID: 33992297 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2020.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, greater background is required about the effectiveness of myofascial release (MFR) on muscle flexibility. OBJECTIVE Our goal was to determine the immediate effect of a direct MFR technique on hip and cervical flexibility in inactive females with hamstring shortening. METHOD The sample group included 68 female university students, randomly divided into a control group (n = 34) and an experimental group (n = 34). A placebo technique was used with the control group, and direct MFR on the posterior thigh region was used with the experimental group. RESULTS The mixed factorial ANOVA did not show significant intergroup differences (p > 0.05). In the experimental group, Bonferroni post hoc test showed significant intragroup differences between pre-test and post-test 1, as well as between pre-test and post-test 2 for the three ischiotibial muscle flexibility tests (p < 0.001). Cervical flexion range of motion showed significant differences between pre-test and post-test 1 (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS We conclude that the protocol based on a single direct MFR intervention was no more effective than the placebo in improving flexibility both locally at the hamstring level and remotely at the level of the cervical extensor muscles. Future research should consider different MFR techniques on the immediate increase in muscle flexibility and the long-term effect of MFR, as well as consider different intervention groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Martínez-Lema
- Kinesiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, GICAV, Universidad Arturo Prat, Victoria, Chile.
| | - Francisco Guede-Rojas
- Kinesiology, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Concepción, Chile.
| | | | - Adolfo Soto-Martínez
- Kinesiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Las Américas, Concepción, Chile.
| | | | - César Vergara-Ríos
- Kinesiology, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Concepción, Chile.
| | - Héctor Márquez-Mayorga
- Kinesiology, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Concepción, Chile.
| | - Carlos S Mancilla
- Kinesiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, GICAV, Universidad Arturo Prat, Victoria, Chile.
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Cejudo A, Sainz de Baranda P, Ayala F, De Ste Croix M, Santonja-Medina F. Assessment of the Range of Movement of the Lower Limb in Sport: Advantages of the ROM-SPORT I Battery. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17207606. [PMID: 33086605 PMCID: PMC7589207 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17207606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Range of movement (ROM) assessment is an important strategy to increase physical-technical performance and minimize the risk of sports-related injuries. Currently, there is no consensus regarding which ROM assessment method is the most appropriate. The main objective of this study was to perform a systematic review of the test batteries available for the assessment of lower limb ROM; additionally, we compare the ROM-SPORT I battery with those previously reported in the literature. The systematic review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The identification of publications was made by using the databases SciELO, Medline, Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science. Based on the inclusion criteria, sixteen publications were selected and analyzed. The ROM-SPORT I battery is the most valid of the analyzed methods. This battery evaluates the ROM of eleven lower limb movements. The inclinometer with a telescopic arm and a box is a simpler, more comfortable, and faster procedure than others. The Lumbosant support and use of two examiners are essential to avoid compensatory movements to obtain reliable measurements during ROM assessment. The ROM-SPORT I is a field-based battery of tests that may be used by sports professionals, clinics, and researchers in applied settings to accurately assess and monitor lower extremity ROM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Cejudo
- Department of Physical Activity and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, San Javier, 30720 Murcia, Spain; (A.C.); (F.A.)
- Sports and Musculoskeletal System Research Group (RAQUIS), Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, 30720 Murcia, Spain; (M.D.S.C.); (F.S.-M.)
| | - Pilar Sainz de Baranda
- Department of Physical Activity and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, San Javier, 30720 Murcia, Spain; (A.C.); (F.A.)
- Sports and Musculoskeletal System Research Group (RAQUIS), Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, 30720 Murcia, Spain; (M.D.S.C.); (F.S.-M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-868-88-8824; Fax: +34-868-88-8672
| | - Francisco Ayala
- Department of Physical Activity and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, San Javier, 30720 Murcia, Spain; (A.C.); (F.A.)
- Sports and Musculoskeletal System Research Group (RAQUIS), Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, 30720 Murcia, Spain; (M.D.S.C.); (F.S.-M.)
- School of Sport and Exercise, Exercise and Sport Research Centre, University of Gloucestershire, Gloucester GL2 9HW, UK
| | - Mark De Ste Croix
- Sports and Musculoskeletal System Research Group (RAQUIS), Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, 30720 Murcia, Spain; (M.D.S.C.); (F.S.-M.)
- School of Sport and Exercise, Exercise and Sport Research Centre, University of Gloucestershire, Gloucester GL2 9HW, UK
| | - Fernando Santonja-Medina
- Sports and Musculoskeletal System Research Group (RAQUIS), Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, 30720 Murcia, Spain; (M.D.S.C.); (F.S.-M.)
- Department of Surgery, Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
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Rahlf AL, John C, Hamacher D, Zech A. Effects of a 10 vs. 20-Min Injury Prevention Program on Neuromuscular and Functional Performance in Adolescent Football Players. Front Physiol 2020; 11:578866. [PMID: 33178045 PMCID: PMC7593709 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.578866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Regular injury prevention training is not only effective in reducing sports injury rates, but also in improving neuromuscular and performance-related variables. However, it is currently unknown if this effect can be modified by varying the training dosage. Objective To compare the effects of two injury prevention programmes with a different training duration on neuromuscular control and functional performance in adolescent football players. Methods 342 (15.4 ± 1.7 years) male football players from 18 teams were initially included. The teams were cluster-randomized into two intervention groups. Both groups performed an injury prevention program twice a week during one football season (10 months) using the same exercises but a different duration. One intervention group (INT10, n = 175) performed the program for 10 min, while the other intervention group (INT20, n = 167) for 20 min. At the beginning and end of the season, balance control (Balance Error Scoring System = BESS), jump performance (Squat Jump, Countermovement Jump) and flexibility (Sit and Reach Test, ankle flexibility, hip flexibility) tests were performed. For the final analysis, nine teams with 104 players were considered. Results Significant group by time interactions were found for the sit and reach test (p < 0.001) and ankle flexibility (p < 0.001) with higher improvements in the INT20 group. Improvements over the period of one season but no group differences were found for the BESS, Squat Jump and hip flexibility. Conclusion Within a single training session, performing structured neuromuscular training with a longer duration is more effective than a shorter duration for improving lower extremity flexibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lina Rahlf
- Department of Human Movement Science and Exercise Physiology, Institute of Sport Science, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Cornelius John
- Department of Human Movement Science and Exercise Physiology, Institute of Sport Science, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Daniel Hamacher
- Department of Human Movement Science and Exercise Physiology, Institute of Sport Science, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Astrid Zech
- Department of Human Movement Science and Exercise Physiology, Institute of Sport Science, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
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Ségui Y, Ramírez-Moreno J. Global physiotherapy approach to thoracolumbar junction syndrome. A case report. J Bodyw Mov Ther 2020; 25:6-15. [PMID: 33714512 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2020.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The thoracolumbar junction syndrome or Maigne's syndrome is one of the causes of low back pain, for which no comprehensive treatment has yet been proposed. This case report aims to assess the effectiveness of a global physiotherapy approach, such as the Mézières method, to reduce pain and improve posture and mobility in a patient with thoracolumbar junction syndrome (TLJS). CASE DESCRIPTION A 42-year-old woman patient presented a chronic nonspecific low back pain associated with severe pain in the right inguinal fold which has disabled her for two years. She described her pain as deep and intermittent. She complained of difficulties performing tasks that involved on long walks and bending forward lumbar flexion. OUTCOMES After ten sessions the pain completely disappeared (numeric rating scale-NRS improved from 6 to 0). A slight improvement in certain morphostatic parameters in the frontal and sagittal planes was reported, analyzed by ADiBAS software. Six months after the final session, the patient was asymptomatic, with improved bodily awareness and muscular extensibility. CONCLUSION The TLJS patient responded well to the Mézières Method, whose global physiotherapy approach resulted in a lessening of nociceptive pain, and also improved posture and functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvan Ségui
- Physical Therapy and Osteopath, Paris, France.
| | - Jose Ramírez-Moreno
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, International University of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
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Fetter C, Marques JR, de Souza LA, Dartora DR, Eibel B, Boll LFC, Goldmeier SN, Dias D, De Angelis K, Irigoyen MC. Additional Improvement of Respiratory Technique on Vascular Function in Hypertensive Postmenopausal Women Following Yoga or Stretching Video Classes: The YOGINI Study. Front Physiol 2020; 11:898. [PMID: 32982766 PMCID: PMC7485134 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Hypertension remains highly prevalent in postmenopausal women, along with vascular dysfunction and increased oxidative stress. In such context, regular exercises, yoga practice, and slow breathing have been recommended to treat hypertension. However, the effects of the multiple components of yoga, including the respiratory techniques involved in the practice, on hypertension and on vascular and endothelial function have never been evaluated. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the additional effects of respiratory technique on vascular function and oxidative stress profile in hypertensive postmenopausal women (HPMWs) following yoga or stretching video classes. Study Design: Hypertensive postmenopausal women were recruited and randomized for 12 weeks, twice a week, of supervised yoga or stretching video classes of 75 min for 12 weeks associated or not with respiratory technique. Baseline and post-intervention measurements included pulse wave velocity (PWV), flow-mediated dilation (FMD), and oxidative stress parameters. Hypertensive postmenopausal women (59 ± 0.7 years) who ended the protocol were distributed into three groups: (1) control group (yoga or stretching, C, n = 14); (2) yoga + respiratory technique (Y+, n = 10); (3) stretching + respiratory technique (S+, n = 9). Results: Diastolic blood pressure and FMD [baseline: C: 6.94 ± 1.97%, Y+: 7.05 ± 1.65%, and S+: 3.54 ± 2.01% vs. post: C: 16.59 ± 3.46% (p = 0.006), Y+: 13.72 ± 2.81% (p = 0.005), and S+: 11.79 ± 0.99% (p = 0.0001)] have significantly increased in all groups when baseline and post-practice values were compared. However, resting heart rate and PWV [baseline: Y+: 10.44 ± 3.69 and S+: 9.50 ± 0.53 m/s vs. post: Y+: 9.45 ± 0.39 (p = 0.003) and S+: 8.02 ± 0.47 m/s (p = 0.003)] decreased significantly only in the Y+ and S+ groups (baseline vs. post). Systemic antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase and catalase) increased in all groups, and hydrogen peroxide and lipoperoxidation reduced in Y+ and S+ (baseline vs. post). Conclusions: Twelve weeks of yoga or stretching video classes promoted positive changes in several outcomes generally regarded as cardiovascular risk factors in HPMWs, and these changes were even more pronounced by the association with respiratory technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia Fetter
- Clinical Investigation Laboratory (LIC), Cardiology Institute of Rio Grande do Sul/Cardiology University Foundation (IC-FUC), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Juliana Romeu Marques
- Clinical Investigation Laboratory (LIC), Cardiology Institute of Rio Grande do Sul/Cardiology University Foundation (IC-FUC), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Liliane Appratto de Souza
- Clinical Investigation Laboratory (LIC), Cardiology Institute of Rio Grande do Sul/Cardiology University Foundation (IC-FUC), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Daniela Ravizzoni Dartora
- Clinical Investigation Laboratory (LIC), Cardiology Institute of Rio Grande do Sul/Cardiology University Foundation (IC-FUC), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Sainte Justine Hospital and Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Bruna Eibel
- Clinical Investigation Laboratory (LIC), Cardiology Institute of Rio Grande do Sul/Cardiology University Foundation (IC-FUC), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Liliana Fortini Cavalheiro Boll
- Clinical Investigation Laboratory (LIC), Cardiology Institute of Rio Grande do Sul/Cardiology University Foundation (IC-FUC), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Sílvia Noll Goldmeier
- Clinical Investigation Laboratory (LIC), Cardiology Institute of Rio Grande do Sul/Cardiology University Foundation (IC-FUC), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Danielle Dias
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratory of Translational Physiology, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Katia De Angelis
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratory of Translational Physiology, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Cláudia Irigoyen
- Clinical Investigation Laboratory (LIC), Cardiology Institute of Rio Grande do Sul/Cardiology University Foundation (IC-FUC), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Experimental Laboratory of Hypertension, Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
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Flexibility Measurement Affecting the Reduction Pattern of Back Muscle Activation during Trunk Flexion. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10175967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Numerous studies have been conducted on lower back injury caused by deeper stooped posture, which is associated with the back muscle flexion–relaxation phenomenon (FRP). Individual flexibility also affects FRP; individuals with high flexibility have the benefit of delayed FRP occurrence. This study attempted to determine the most efficient measurement of flexibility for evaluating the occurrence and degree of FRP when participants flexed their trunk forward. We recruited 40 male university students who were grouped on the basis of three flexibility measurements (toe-touch test, TTT; sit-and-reach test, SRT; modified Schober’s test, MST) into three levels (high, middle and low). Muscle activation (thoracic and lumbar erector spinae, TES and LES, respectively; hamstring, HMS) and lumbosacral angle (LSA) were recorded when the trunk flexed forward from 0° (upright) to 15°, 30°, 45°, 60°, 75° and 90°. The results indicated that trunk angle had a significant effect on three muscle activation levels and LSA. The effects of muscles and LSA varied depending on flexibility measurement. TTT significantly discriminated LES electromyography findings between high and low flexibility groups, whereas MST and SRT distinguished between high and non-high flexibility groups. The TTT values positively correlated with the time of LES FRP occurrence, showing that the higher the TTT, the slower the occurrence of FRP. This is beneficial in delaying or avoiding excessive loading on the passive tissue of the lumbar spine when performing a deeper trunk flexion.
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Feasibility and Preliminary Effects of a Telerehabilitation Program for People Living With HIV: A Pilot Randomized Study. J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care 2020; 30:176-185. [PMID: 30822290 DOI: 10.1097/jnc.0000000000000005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
We investigated feasibility and preliminary effects of telerehabilitation for people living with HIV (PLWH) and taking antiretroviral therapy. We randomized 25 PLWH to either an endurance and resistance training exercise (ERTE) group or a control group. Endurance and resistance training exercise sessions occurred in a public fitness center, with online guidance and weekly telephone advice. The primary outcome was feasibility (recruitment and retention rates and safety). Secondary outcomes were assessed at baseline and 6 weeks according to the three International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health domains. Nine patients completed the ERTE program. Recruitment and retention rates were 93% and 69%, respectively. No adverse events occurred. After 6 weeks, percentage change in D-dimer was lower in the ERTE group, but not significantly after the Bonferroni correction. Other parameters were not different between the groups. Therefore, telerehabilitation is feasible in PLWH taking antiretroviral therapy; however, the performance of the program is still questioned, and future research is warranted.
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Flexibility in Spanish Elite Inline Hockey Players: Profile, Sex, Tightness and Asymmetry. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17093295. [PMID: 32397351 PMCID: PMC7246566 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17093295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Limited ranges of motion (ROM) have been considered as a relevant risk factor for team sports injuries. The main purposes of the current study were to describe the lower extremity ROM profile, muscular tightness and asymmetries in elite inline hockey players and to examine sex-related differences. Twenty professional inline hockey players from 2 Spanish National Teams (male and female) were measured of passive hip extension [HE], hip adduction with hip flexed 90° [HAD-HF], hip flexion with the knee flexed [HF-KF] and extended [HF-KE], hip abduction with the hip neutral [HAB] and hip flexed 90° [HAB-HF], hip external [HER] and internal [HIR] rotation, knee flexion [KF], ankle dorsiflexion with the knee flexed [ADF-KF] and extended [ADF-KE] ROMs of the dominant and non-dominant leg ROMs were taken. A paired t-test was carried out to assess asymmetries. ROM values were classified as “normal versus tightness”, and “normal versus asymmetry” according to the proposed reference values. The effect size for each variable was analyzed. Male team exhibited asymmetry in HF-KF (133.2° dominant vs. 129.8° non-dominant; p = 0.042; d = 0.7243 [moderate effect sizes]) and female team in ADF-KF (38.8° dominant vs. 41.0 non-dominant; p = 0.001; d = 0.6 [moderate effect sizes]) and HAB ROM (41.2° dominant vs. 38.8 non-dominant; p = 0.005; d = 1.1767 [moderate effect sizes]). Male players reported asymmetry in HAD-HF (n = 5), HER (n = 4) and HE (n = 3), whereas female players presented asymmetries in HER (n = 4), HE (n = 3) and KF (n = 2). Overall, 20–100% of all participants showed limited KF, HF_KE, HIR, HE, ADF_KF, HAD-HF, HF-KF, ADF_KE, HTR and HER ROM. The results of this study reinforce the requirement of prescribing exercises aimed at improving hip, knee and ankle ROM within everyday inline hockey practices. In addition, as some asymmetries were found, unilateral flexibility training should be considered where appropriate.
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Ponce-González JG, Gutiérrez-Manzanedo JV, De Castro-Maqueda G, Fernández-Torres VJ, Fernández-Santos JR. The Federated Practice of Soccer Influences Hamstring Flexibility in Healthy Adolescents: Role of Age and Weight Status. Sports (Basel) 2020; 8:sports8040049. [PMID: 32295013 PMCID: PMC7240520 DOI: 10.3390/sports8040049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the hamstring flexibility between federated soccer and non-federated adolescents, and also to evaluate the effect of age and weight status on hamstring flexibility. The participants were 234 students (11–18 years old) divided into: (i) G1: non-federated (n = 127), and (ii) G2: federated in soccer (n = 107). The deep flexion of the trunk (DF) test and the sit and reach test (SRT) were performed. G2 showed higher values for the DF and SRT compared to G1 (p < 0.05). Both flexibility tests correlated positively (r = 0.4, p < 0.001). Body mass index (BMI) was negatively correlated with the DF test (r = −0.3, p < 0.001), but not with the SRT. Divided by BMI, the underweight and normal weight groups had higher scores in the DF test compared with the overweight and obese groups (p < 0.001). BMI was negatively correlated with hamstring flexibility. Federated soccer students present higher scores of hamstring flexibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Gustavo Ponce-González
- MOVE-IT Research Group and Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA) Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital University of Cádiz, 11009 Cádiz, Spain;
- Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cádiz, 11519 Puerto Real, Spain; (G.D.C.-M.); (V.J.F.-T.); (J.R.F.-S.)
| | - José V. Gutiérrez-Manzanedo
- Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cádiz, 11519 Puerto Real, Spain; (G.D.C.-M.); (V.J.F.-T.); (J.R.F.-S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-6277-197-54; Fax: +34-9560-162-53
| | - Guillermo De Castro-Maqueda
- Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cádiz, 11519 Puerto Real, Spain; (G.D.C.-M.); (V.J.F.-T.); (J.R.F.-S.)
| | - Victor Jose Fernández-Torres
- Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cádiz, 11519 Puerto Real, Spain; (G.D.C.-M.); (V.J.F.-T.); (J.R.F.-S.)
| | - Jorge R. Fernández-Santos
- Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cádiz, 11519 Puerto Real, Spain; (G.D.C.-M.); (V.J.F.-T.); (J.R.F.-S.)
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Takeda K, Iwai M, Tanabe S, Koyama S, Hamauzu Y, Kumazawa N, Sakurai H, Kanada Y. The effects of combined static and dynamic stretching of anti-gravitational muscles on body flexibility and standing balance: A preliminary study of healthy young participants. J Bodyw Mov Ther 2020; 24:221-227. [PMID: 31987548 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2019.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Falling is a leading cause of injury-related death. Previous studies reported that an impairment of standing balance is one of the causative factors associated with falling. The combined use of static and dynamic stretching has been reported as a treatment method for improving standing balance. As one of the combined methods, stretching based on Mézières' concept, which has an efficacy on the improvement of body flexibility, has been used. However, it is not fully clear whether stretching based on Mézières' concept can improve standing balance. This study aimed to examine the effects of combined method of static and dynamic stretching of anti-gravitational muscles based on Mézières' concept on body flexibility and standing balance. METHODS This study employed a quasi-randomized controlled trial design. Thirteen subjects were assigned randomly to one of two groups: stretching or control. A sit and reach test (SRT), functional reach test (FRT), and total trajectory length of center of pressure (COP) during static standing were assessed at pre- and post-intervention. An independent t-test was used to compare the rate of improvement between both groups at each assessment. RESULTS The stretching group demonstrated a significantly larger rate of improvement in the total trajectory length of COP compared to the control group. In the SRT and FRT, the stretching group showed a trend toward improvement compared to the control group, but did not achieve statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS The combined use of static and dynamic stretching of anti-gravitational muscles might have the potential to improve the standing balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Takeda
- Department of Rehabilitation, Kawamura Hospital, Gifu, Japan
| | - Masanobu Iwai
- Department of Rehabilitation, Kawamura Hospital, Gifu, Japan; Graduate School of Health Sciences, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Shigeo Tanabe
- Faculty of Rehabilitation, School of Health Sciences, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan.
| | - Soichiro Koyama
- Faculty of Rehabilitation, School of Health Sciences, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Yui Hamauzu
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Kumazawa
- Faculty of Rehabilitation, School of Health Sciences, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Sakurai
- Faculty of Rehabilitation, School of Health Sciences, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Yoshikiyo Kanada
- Faculty of Rehabilitation, School of Health Sciences, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
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Kim B, Yim J. Core Stability and Hip Exercises Improve Physical Function and Activity in Patients with Non-Specific Low Back Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial. TOHOKU J EXP MED 2020; 251:193-206. [DOI: 10.1620/tjem.251.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Beomryong Kim
- Department of Physical Therapy, The Graduate School of Sahmyook University
| | - Jongeun Yim
- Department of Physical Therapy, The Graduate School of Sahmyook University
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Gathering Hints for Myofascial Force Transmission Under In Vivo Conditions: Are Remote Exercise Effects Age Dependent? J Sport Rehabil 2019; 28:758-763. [PMID: 30222474 DOI: 10.1123/jsr.2018-0184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Recent research has underpinned the occurrence of nonlocal exercise effects. For instance, self-myofascial release (SMR) of the plantar fascia increases hamstring extensibility. A possible mechanism consists in a mechanical force transmission across myofascial chains. However, as the degree of structural continuity in these chains decreases with age, the magnitude of the above described remote effects might also be reduced throughout a lifespan. OBJECTIVE To examine the age dependency of nonlocal exercise effects following plantar fascia SMR. DESIGN Regression experimental study. SETTING General population. PARTICIPANTS 168 healthy participants (Mage = 45 [21] y, 85 males). INTERVENTION One 120 s bout of plantar foot SMR, performed in standing position. MAIN OUTCOMES MEASURE Hamstring extensibility was assessed using sit and reach testing. Relative pre-post differences were classified as no improvement, clinically nonrelevant improvement, or clinically relevant improvement according to previously published data. The age dependency of the effects was calculated by means of multinomial stepwise logistic regression. If the latter revealed other factors than age to affect treatment effectivity, their effect was eliminated using partial correlation. RESULTS SMR increased hamstring extensibility by 10.1% (pre: 24.9 [9.7] cm, post: 27.4 [9.3] cm, P < .001). About 99 participants (58.9%) attained a clinically relevant change. Multinomial logistic regression demonstrated no influence of sex, amount of physical activity, height, body mass index, and time of day, but a significant impact of baseline flexibility and age (Nagelkerke's r2 = .32, P < .001). Post hoc partial correlation analysis demonstrated that age, corrected for baseline flexibility, had a small to moderate association with treatment effectivity (r = .29, P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Plantar foot SMR increases hamstring extensibility, which is explained by age to a small degree. Additional research is warranted to delineate the substrate of remote exercise effects. Besides mechanical force transmission, cortical adaptations might also represent the driving factor.
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Caru M, Duhamel G, Marcil V, Sultan S, Meloche C, Bouchard I, Drouin S, Bertout L, Laverdiere C, Sinnett D, Curnier D. The VIE study: feasibility of a physical activity intervention in a multidisciplinary program in children with cancer. Support Care Cancer 2019; 28:2627-2636. [PMID: 31620924 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-019-05085-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer is one of the leading causes of death in the world. The physiological and psychological benefits of physical activity have been shown in children with cancer. However, almost one in two cancer patients do not follow the physical activity guidelines. The aim of this study will be to assess the feasibility of a physical activity program intervention in pediatric oncology and to assess the barriers and facilitators to the success or failure of this physical activity program. METHODS The VIE (valorization, implication, and education) intervention is a multidisciplinary program including physical activity, nutritional, and psychological interventions in pediatric oncology. This study involves one intervention group that will be followed over 2 years (evaluations and physical activity interventions) and one control group that will participate in only one evaluation. Children from the intervention group have been diagnosed and will be undergoing treatment at the Charles-Bruneau oncology center from the Sainte-Justine University Health Center (Montreal, Canada). The feasibility of this program will be measured through a comparison between sessions performed and sessions scheduled, while the security will be measured according to the number of reported incidents. DISCUSSION This study will examine the effects of exercise in pediatric oncology from diagnosis to the expected end of treatment (i.e., 2 years of follow-up). Currently, there are only a few longitudinal studies on physical activity and pediatric cancer. Physiological and psychological tests will allow a better knowledge of the evolution of the physical fitness and mental health of the patients during the period of care. It is necessary to document and provide complementary knowledge in the pediatric oncology field in order to engage the discourse with pediatric oncology health professionals to help patients during and after treatment. This is an important study in the exercise and oncology field to help patients and their family during and after cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Caru
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology of EXercise (LPEX), School of Kinesiology and Physical Activity Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada.,Laboratoire EA 4430 - Clinique Psychanalyse Developement (CliPsyD), Department of psychology, University of Paris Nanterre, Nanterre, France.,Research Center, Sainte-Justine University Health Center, Montreal, Canada
| | - Gabrielle Duhamel
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology of EXercise (LPEX), School of Kinesiology and Physical Activity Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada.,Research Center, Sainte-Justine University Health Center, Montreal, Canada
| | - Valérie Marcil
- Research Center, Sainte-Justine University Health Center, Montreal, Canada.,Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Serge Sultan
- Research Center, Sainte-Justine University Health Center, Montreal, Canada.,Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Caroline Meloche
- Research Center, Sainte-Justine University Health Center, Montreal, Canada
| | - Isabelle Bouchard
- Research Center, Sainte-Justine University Health Center, Montreal, Canada
| | - Simon Drouin
- Research Center, Sainte-Justine University Health Center, Montreal, Canada
| | - Laurence Bertout
- Research Center, Sainte-Justine University Health Center, Montreal, Canada
| | - Caroline Laverdiere
- Research Center, Sainte-Justine University Health Center, Montreal, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Daniel Sinnett
- Research Center, Sainte-Justine University Health Center, Montreal, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Daniel Curnier
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology of EXercise (LPEX), School of Kinesiology and Physical Activity Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada. .,Research Center, Sainte-Justine University Health Center, Montreal, Canada.
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Sagittal Spinal Morphotype Assessment in Dressage and Show Jumping Riders. J Sport Rehabil 2019; 29:533-540. [PMID: 31034307 DOI: 10.1123/jsr.2018-0247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Previous research has analyzed how the sport influences sagittal spinal curvatures in young athletes and has found that spinal curves may be modified as a consequence of repeated movement patterns and postures of each discipline. OBJECTIVE To analyze sagittal spinal alignment by equestrian discipline and its relation to training load, and to describe "sagittal integrative morphotype" in young riders. DESIGN Observational descriptive study. SETTING Training room. PARTICIPANTS A total of 23 riders (aged 9-17 y)-13 dressage riders (3 males and 10 females) and 10 show jumping riders (5 males and 5 females)-participated voluntarily. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Mann-Whitney U test was applied to determine differences between riders' characteristics (gender, discipline, and training load) and spine variables. RESULTS According to normality ranges for spinal curves, females showed an increase for lumbar curvature in standing position. It was found that show jumping riders manifested an increment in thoracic and lumbar curves while standing and an increase in the thoracic curvature in slump sitting. Statistically significant differences were found when lumbar curvature, "sit and reach" distance, and lumbo-horizontal angle in flexion were analyzed by gender in "sit and reach" test. No statistical significant differences were found when spinal curves in each position were analyzed depending on the training load. With regard to "sagittal integrative morphotype," all riders presented a hyperkyphotic dorsal morphotype no matter what their discipline. As for the lumbar curve, dressage and show jumping riders presented a functional hyperkyphotic morphotype. CONCLUSIONS It is important to note that many riders presented a sagittal imbalance for the thoracic and lumbar curves. Therefore, as the sagittal spinal misalignments persist and worsen over time, exercise programs to prevent or rehabilitate these imbalances in young riders will be needed. The "sagittal integrative morphotype" assessment is an essential tool in order to identify the spinal misalignment.
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Lovell TWJ, Fransen J, Bocking CJ, Coutts AJ. Factors affecting sports involvement in a school-based youth cohort: Implications for long-term athletic development. J Sports Sci 2019; 37:2522-2529. [PMID: 31409199 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2019.1647032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to determine the factors affecting sports involvement in a school-based adolescent population. The cross-sectional cohort study assessed anthropometry, physical capacities and motor competence in 501 boys (aged 10-16 y), from junior (10-12 y) and senior (13-16 y) cohorts. Sports participation data was collected from junior participants. Multivariate analysis of covariance revealed moderate maturity, anthropometry, physical capacity and motor competence differences between sports in the senior cohort (F = 2.616, p < 0.001, η2 = .08), but not in the junior cohort. Furthermore, differences in physical fitness were revealed between playing levels (F = 2.616, p < 0.001, η2 = .08), with a discriminant analysis correctly classifying 73% of participants using aerobic fitness and vertical jump measures. Representative level participants engaged in more structured training and commenced organised competition at a later age (F = 4.332, p < 0.001, η2 = .21). This study's findings are twofold: 1) physical and motor competence profiles differ more between sports with increasing age, and 2) participants at a higher level of competition report delayed engagement in their main sport. As a result, schools may be the ideal environment in which to provide children and adolescents with the opportunity to sample different sports.
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Affiliation(s)
- T W J Lovell
- Sport and Exercise Discipline Group, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney , Sydney Australia
| | - J Fransen
- Sport and Exercise Discipline Group, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney , Sydney Australia
| | - C J Bocking
- Sport and Exercise Discipline Group, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney , Sydney Australia
| | - A J Coutts
- Sport and Exercise Discipline Group, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney , Sydney Australia
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Martín-San Agustín R, Medina-Mirapeix F, Alakhdar Y, Benítez-Martínez JC. Sex Differences in the Velocity of Muscle Contraction of the Hamstring and Quadriceps Among Recreationally Active Young Adults. J Strength Cond Res 2019; 33:1252-1257. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Frey M, Poynter A, Younge K, De Carvalho D. The relationship between lumbopelvic flexibility and sitting posture in adult women. J Biomech 2019; 84:204-210. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2018.12.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 12/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Glass SM, Schmitz RJ, Rhea CK, Ross SE. Potential Mediators of Load-Related Decreases in Movement Quality in Young, Healthy Adults. J Athl Train 2019; 54:81-89. [PMID: 30649899 DOI: 10.4085/1062-6050-498-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Predicting and promoting physical performance are important goals within the tactical professional community. Movement screens are frequently used in this capacity but are poor predictors of performance outcomes. It has recently been shown that prediction improved when movement quality was evaluated under load, but the mechanisms underlying this improvement remain unclear. Because balance, range of motion, and strength are mutually relevant to physical performance and movement quality, these attributes may mediate load-related decreases in movement quality and account for the resulting increase in performance prediction. OBJECTIVE To quantify the roles of balance, range of motion, and strength in mediating load-related decreases in clinical movement-screen scores. DESIGN Crossover study. SETTING Research laboratory. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS Twenty-five male (age = 23.96 ± 3.74 years, height = 178.82 ± 7.51 cm, mass = 79.66 ± 12.66 kg) and 25 female (age = 22.00 ± 2.02 years, height = 165.40 ± 10.24 cm, mass = 63.98 ± 11.07 kg) recreationally active adults. INTERVENTION(S) Participants completed a clinical movement screen under a control condition and while wearing an 18.10-kg weighted vest as well as tests of balance, range of motion, and strength. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Item score differences were assessed using Wilcoxon signed rank tests for matched pairs. Interactions between (1) balance, range of motion, and strength and (2) load condition were modeled using penalized varying-coefficients regression with item scores as the dependent measure. RESULTS Except for the hurdle step, item scores were lower in the weighted-vest than in the control condition for all tests ( P < .05). Except for rotary stability, F statistics were significant for all models ( P values < .05, R2 values = 0.22-0.77). Main effects of balance, range of motion, and strength on Functional Movement Screen scores were observed ( P < .05); however, little evidence was found to suggest that these attributes mediated load-related decreases in Functional Movement Screen item scores. CONCLUSIONS Balance, range of motion, and strength affected movement quality but did not mediate the effect of the load treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen M Glass
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Ohio State University, Columbus
| | - Randy J Schmitz
- Applied Neuromechanics Research Group, Department of Kinesiology, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro
| | - Christopher K Rhea
- Applied Neuromechanics Research Group, Department of Kinesiology, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro
| | - Scott E Ross
- Applied Neuromechanics Research Group, Department of Kinesiology, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro
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Glass SM, Rhea CK, Schmitz RJ, Ross SE. Potential Mediators of Load-Related Changes in Movement Complexity in Young, Healthy Adults. J Athl Train 2019; 54:70-80. [PMID: 30657719 PMCID: PMC6410978 DOI: 10.4085/1062-6050-529-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Movement screening has become increasingly popular among tactical professionals. This popularity has motivated the design of interventions that cater to improving outcomes on the screens themselves, which are often scored in reference to an objective norm. In contrast to the assumptions underlying this approach, dynamical systems theory suggests that movements arise as a function of continuously evolving constraints and that optimal movement strategies may not exist. To date, few data address behavioral complexity in the fundamental movement tasks commonly used in clinical screenings. OBJECTIVE To provide evidence of complex variability during movement screens and test the role of modifiable-that is, trainable-constraints in mediating loss of complexity during experimental-task manipulations. DESIGN Crossover study. SETTING Research laboratory. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS Twenty-five male (age = 23.96 ± 3.74 years, height = 178.82 ± 7.51 cm, mass = 79.66 ± 12.66 kg) and 25 female (age = 22.00 ± 2.02 years, height = 165.40 ± 10.24 cm, mass = 63.98 ± 11.07 kg) recreationally active adults. INTERVENTION(S) Participants performed tests of balance, range of motion, and strength. Additionally, they performed cyclical movement tasks under a control (C) condition and while wearing an 18.10-kg weight vest (W). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Ground reaction forces were sampled at 1000 Hz and used to calculate center of pressure during cyclical movement tests. Multivariate multiscale entropy (MMSE) for the center-of-pressure signal was then calculated. Condition effects (C versus W) were analyzed using paired t tests, and penalized varying-coefficients regression was used to identify models predicting entropy outcomes from balance, range of motion, and strength. RESULTS The MMSE decreased during the W condition (MMSEC > MMSEW; t49 range = 3.17-5.21; all P values < .01). CONCLUSIONS Moderate evidence supported an association between modifiable constraints and behavioral complexity, but a role in mediating load-related loss of complexity was not demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen M. Glass
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Ohio State University, Columbus
| | | | - Randy J. Schmitz
- Department of Kinesiology, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro
| | - Scott E. Ross
- Department of Kinesiology, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro
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Gonzalez SL, Diaz AM, Plummer HA, Michener LA. Musculoskeletal Screening to Identify Female Collegiate Rowers at Risk for Low Back Pain. J Athl Train 2018; 53:1173-1180. [PMID: 30525938 DOI: 10.4085/1062-6050-50-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Rowers are at risk for overuse injuries, including low back pain (LBP). Defining the utility of screening tests for identifying those at risk for LBP can aid in the development of guidelines for injury prevention. OBJECTIVE To determine if the Functional Movement Screen (FMS) and impairments can identify rowers at risk for developing LBP. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTING Athletic training room. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS A total of 31 National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I, female, open-weight rowers (age = 19.9 ± 1.4 years, height = 163.6 ± 30.8 cm, mass = 84.1 ± 37.63 kg); coxswains were excluded. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) We assessed the FMS and 5 impairment measures of the Star Excursion Balance Test, closed kinetic chain dorsiflexion range of motion, and the plank, Sorensen, and sit-and-reach tests before the fall season. Low back pain injuries were tracked by the sports medicine staff. Impairment measures were compared between the injured and uninjured athletes. The FMS cutoff score that discriminated injured from uninjured rowers was determined using a receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Impairments were compared between those at a higher versus lower risk of LBP. RESULTS Eighteen rowers sustained an LBP injury. No differences in FMS or impairments between groups were demonstrated. The FMS receiver operating characteristic curve analysis cutoff score was 16 points (area under the curve = 0.60, specificity = 0.67, risk ratio = 1.4 [95% confidence interval = 0.91, 2.11]). Rowers with an FMS score ≤16 had a shorter plank-test time (109.5 ± 60.2 seconds) than those with less risk (175.3 ± 98.6 seconds, mean difference = 65.9 seconds, 95% confidence interval = -129.4, -2.3; P = .043). CONCLUSIONS Those with an FMS score ≤16 had a shorter plank-test hold time, indicating that a lack of core endurance may contribute to the increased risk of LBP in female rowers. An FMS score ≤16 indicated a small increased risk (1.4) of developing LBP compared with rowers who had scores >16; however, the FMS is not recommended for widespread screening of female rowers because the risk ratio was relatively small and had a wide 95% confidence interval.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aimee M Diaz
- Division of Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Hillary A Plummer
- Division of Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Lori A Michener
- Division of Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
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Wilke J, Macchi V, De Caro R, Stecco C. Fascia thickness, aging and flexibility: is there an association? J Anat 2018; 234:43-49. [PMID: 30417344 DOI: 10.1111/joa.12902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The morphology of the connective tissue may play an important role in locomotor mechanics. Recent research has revealed an association between increased fascia thickness and reduced joint flexibility in patients with chronic pain. The present study aimed to examine the relationship of both factors in healthy individuals, additionally testing the hypothesis that older subjects display a higher fascia thickness. Young (n = 18, 22 ± 1 years) and old (n = 17, 69 ± 4 years) healthy females were recruited for a quasi-experimental, cross-sectional trial. All participants underwent standardized ultrasound-based thickness measurements of the deep fasciae of the trunk and lower limb. Flexibility was assessed using sit and reach testing (hamstring extensibility) and the Schober test (lumbar flexion and extension). Systematic between-group differences of fascia thickness and variable associations (i.e. fascia thickness and flexibility) were detected using non-parametric data analyses. Young adults exhibited higher fascia thickness of the anterior and posterior lower leg, anterior thigh and abdominal wall (+12.3-25.8%, P < 0.05). Conversely, older participants showed higher thickness in the lumbar spine (+40.0-76.7%, P < 0.05). Correlations of both body mass and fascia thickness (τ = 0.45-0.75, P < 0.05), as well as flexibility and fascia thickness (τ = 0.38-0.42, P < 0.05) were found. Age-related changes in fascia thickness may be a contributing factor of restrictions in joint range of motion. Further study delineating the cause-effect triangle of body mass index, flexibility and fascia thickness is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Wilke
- Department of Sports Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Veronica Macchi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Raffaele De Caro
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Carla Stecco
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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Siqueira CM, Rossi A, Shimamoto C, Tanaka C. Balance highly influences flexibility measured by the toe-touch test. Hum Mov Sci 2018; 62:116-123. [PMID: 30300805 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Flexibility evaluation is a standard assessment in clinical and in sports settings. The Toe-touch test (TTT) is a common assessment tool to evaluate posterior muscular chain flexibility, but the test procedure implies a balance demand. The objective of the study was to verify the hypothesis that the balance demand during the TTT may affect the flexibility measured by the test. Twenty healthy, active young adults participated in the present study. Toe-touch test outcome (the linear finger to toe distance), Center of Pressure (CP) and sagittal plane joint angles were compared under two balance conditions: (1) standard TTT (ST) and (2) minimised postural demand (MPD) during TTT (using a device that restrained the participant against a forward fall). Then, ST was re-tested to verify a possible effect of motor learning on TTT outcome. Compared to ST, MPD showed an improvement of 73% in test outcome, greater flexion of the ankle, greater total body flexion, and a forward displacement of the CP. Re-test of ST showed indications of motor learning with a different balance strategy compared to the first trial in the same condition. The test outcome showed significant negative correlations with CP position in ST (weak correlation), in the re-test (strong correlation) and when the conditions were combined (moderate correlation). In conclusion, TTT outcome was highly affected by balance performance. Maximum range of motion during ST was a fraction of the range obtained when balance demand was minimized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cássio M Siqueira
- Departmento de Fisioterapia, Fonoaudiologia e Terapia Ocupacional, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Aline Rossi
- Departmento de Fisioterapia, Fonoaudiologia e Terapia Ocupacional, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Cristyan Shimamoto
- Departmento de Fisioterapia, Fonoaudiologia e Terapia Ocupacional, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Clarice Tanaka
- Departmento de Fisioterapia, Fonoaudiologia e Terapia Ocupacional, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Bakar Y, Tuğral A, Özel A, Altuntaş YD. Comparison of a 12-Week Whole-Body Exergaming Program on Young Adults: Differentiation in Flexibility, Muscle Strength, Reaction Time, and Walking Speed Between Sexes. Clin Nurs Res 2018; 29:424-432. [DOI: 10.1177/1054773818797881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of exergaming on flexibility, muscle strength, reaction time, and walking speed of adults within sex differences. Fifty-four individuals participated in a 12-week exergaming program. Three 30-min sessions were conducted each week. Baseline and post-intervention assessments were done using the sit-and-reach and bend-over tests for flexibility, hand-held dynamometer for muscle strength, auditory and visual reaction time machine for reaction time, and 5-meter walk test for walking speed. There were no significant changes in the sit-and-reach, bend-over test, and auditory-visual reaction time for either gender ( p > .05) with the intervention. Walking speed and muscle strength improved after exergaming in both sexes ( p < .05). The study showed that the video gaming intervention led to significant and equal improvements in muscle strength and walking speed for both sexes; however, it had no impact on flexibility and auditory-visual reaction time.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alp Özel
- Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Turkey
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49
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Ribeiro-Alvares JB, Marques VB, Vaz MA, Baroni BM. Four Weeks of Nordic Hamstring Exercise Reduce Muscle Injury Risk Factors in Young Adults. J Strength Cond Res 2018; 32:1254-1262. [PMID: 28459795 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000001975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Ribeiro-Alvares, JB, Marques, VB, Vaz, MA, and Baroni, BM. Four weeks of Nordic hamstring exercise reduce muscle injury risk factors in young adults. J Strength Cond Res 32(5): 1254-1262, 2018-The Nordic hamstring exercise (NHE) is a field-based exercise designed for knee-flexor eccentric strengthening, aimed at prevention of muscle strains. However, possible effects of NHE programs on other hamstring injury risk factors remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a NHE training program on multiple hamstring injury risk factors. Twenty physically active young adults were allocated into 2 equal-sized groups: control group (CG) and training group (TG). The TG was engaged in a 4-week NHE program, twice a week, 3 sets of 6-10 repetitions; while CG received no exercise intervention. The knee flexor and extensor strength were assessed through isokinetic dynamometry, the biceps femoris long head muscle architecture through ultrasound images, and the hamstring flexibility through sit-and-reach test. The results showed that CG subjects had no significant change in any outcome. TG presented higher percent changes than CG for hamstring isometric peak torque (9%; effect size [ES] = 0.27), eccentric peak torque (13%; ES = 0.60), eccentric work (18%; ES = 0.86), and functional hamstring-to-quadriceps torque ratio (13%; ES = 0.80). The NHE program led also to increased fascicle length (22%; ES = 2.77) and reduced pennation angle (-17%; ES = 1.27) in biceps femoris long head of the TG, without significant changes on muscle thickness. In conclusion, a short-term NHE training program (4 weeks; 8 training sessions) counteracts multiple hamstring injury risk factors in physically active young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Breno Ribeiro-Alvares
- Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Vanessa B Marques
- Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Marco A Vaz
- School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Bruno M Baroni
- Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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50
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Pérez-Bellmunt A, Casasayas O, Navarro R, Simon M, Martin JC, Pérez-Corbella C, Blasi M, Ortiz S, Álvarez P, Pacheco L. Effectiveness of low-frequency electrical stimulation in proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation techniques in healthy males: a randomized controlled trial. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2018; 59:469-475. [PMID: 29845833 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.18.08356-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hamstring muscle injuries are common in the sports field, with lack of hamstring flexibility being a risk factor. Stretching the hamstring muscles is an important part of the training and rehabilitation programs used to prevent or treat injury and improve performance. We aim to compare the immediate and follow-up effect on hamstring muscle flexibility between 2 different stretching protocols, proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) stretching and PNF stretching combined with electrostimulation. A second aim is to determine whether physical activity level is related to flexibility. METHODS Design of study: Single-blind, randomized controlled trial; Participants: 30 healthy volunteers (30 men, 18-39 years old); Intervention: A 6-session intervention program spanning over 2 weeks and 1-week and 3-week follow-up. The control group underwent PNF stretching with a voluntary contraction. The experimental group underwent PNF stretching but the muscle contraction was triggered with an electrical stimulation device (TENS); Main outcome measu: Hamstring muscles flexibility was assessed using the Modified Sit and Reach (MSR) and the Back Saver Sit and Reach (BSSR) tests. Physical activity level was evaluated with the short form of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). RESULTS Both groups showed an overall increase in hamstring muscle flexibility. However, when comparing flexibility gain between baseline and the end of the stretching program (session 6), and at the 1-week and 3-week follow-ups, only the experimental group showed significant differences. No correlation between the IPAQ score and the degree of hamstring muscle flexibility was observed. CONCLUSIONS Hamstring muscle PNF stretching combined with electrical stimulation to trigger muscle contraction during the muscle contraction phase of the stretch achieves better flexibility results when compared to PNF alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Pérez-Bellmunt
- Department of Basic Sciences, International University of Catalunya, Sant Cugat del Valles, Barcelona, Spain -
| | - Oriol Casasayas
- Department of Basic Sciences, International University of Catalunya, Sant Cugat del Valles, Barcelona, Spain.,Bruguera Tennis Academy, Santa Coloma de Cervelló, Barcelona, Italy
| | - Raul Navarro
- Department of Basic Sciences, International University of Catalunya, Sant Cugat del Valles, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mathias Simon
- Department of Basic Sciences, International University of Catalunya, Sant Cugat del Valles, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan C Martin
- Department of Basic Sciences, International University of Catalunya, Sant Cugat del Valles, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Pérez-Corbella
- Ninaia, Sabadell Centre, Barcelona, Spain.,University School of Nursing and Occupational Therapy, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marc Blasi
- Department of Basic Sciences, International University of Catalunya, Sant Cugat del Valles, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara Ortiz
- Department of Basic Sciences, International University of Catalunya, Sant Cugat del Valles, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pedro Álvarez
- Department of Basic Sciences, International University of Catalunya, Sant Cugat del Valles, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Pacheco
- Department of Physical Therapy, International University of Catalunya, Sant Cugat del Valles, Barcelona, Spain
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