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Baida S, King E, Gore S, Richter C, Franklyn-Miller A, Moran K. Movement Variability and Loading Characteristics in Athletes With Athletic Groin Pain: Changes After Successful Return to Play and Compared With Uninjured Athletes. Orthop J Sports Med 2022; 10:23259671221125159. [PMID: 36338351 PMCID: PMC9629574 DOI: 10.1177/23259671221125159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Athletic groin pain (AGP) can lead to altered movement patterns during rapid deceleration and acceleration. However, the effect of AGP on movement variability and loading patterns during such actions remains less clear. Purpose: To investigate, using a continuous lateral hurdle hop task, how movement variability and magnitude measures of 3-dimensional (3D) kinematic, kinetic, and vertical ground-reaction force (vGRF) variables are (1) affected by AGP (AGP vs uninjured controls [CON]) and (2) changed after successful rehabilitation (AGP prerehabilitation vs AGP postrehabilitation vs CON). Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: A total of 36 athletes diagnosed with AGP and 36 uninjured CON athletes matched on age (18-35 years), level (subelite), and type of sports played (multidirectional field sport) performed a continuous lateral hurdle hop test that involved 10 side-to-side hops over a 15-cm hurdle. The 3D joint kinematic, kinetic, and vGRF variables (total, eccentric, and concentric; ground contact time, peak force, and impulse; and eccentric rate of force development) were examined. The AGP and CON groups were tested at baseline, and the AGP group was retested after participants successfully completed a standardized, exercise-based rehabilitation program targeting intersegmental control. Results: There were no differences in baseline characteristics between the AGP (mean ± SD: age, 27.5 ± 4.8 years; height, 179.8 ± 6.3 cm; mass, 80.3 ± 7.1 kg) and CON (mean ± SD: age, 24.1 ± 4.5 years; height, 181.0 ± 5.8 cm; mass, 80.4 ± 8.2 kg) groups. At baseline, athletes with AGP demonstrated altered loading patterns in the vGRF (longer ground contact times, reduced peak force, and reduced rate of force development) compared with CON athletes, while no significant difference in any movement variability variables was evident. After rehabilitation, the athletes with AGP demonstrated significant changes in transverse and coronal plane hip and trunk kinematics, with no significant differences in vGRF variables compared with the CON group. Conclusion: The differences in baseline vGRF measures between the AGP and CON groups were no longer evident after athletes with AGP underwent rehabilitation. No differences in movement variability were evident between the AGP and CON groups, either before or after rehabilitation. Clinical Relevance: Rehabilitation programs should consider targeting intersegmental hip and trunk movement patterns to positively influence loading patterns in athletes with AGP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Baida
- Sports Medicine Department, Sports Surgery Clinic, Santry Demesne, Dublin, Ireland.,School of Health and Human Performance, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland.,Insight Centre for Data Analytics, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland.,Samuel Baida, PT, PhD, Sports Medicine Department, Sports Surgery Clinic, Santry, Dublin, Ireland () (Twitter: @Sam_Baida)
| | - Enda King
- Sports Medicine Department, Sports Surgery Clinic, Santry Demesne, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Life Sciences, Roehampton University, London, UK
| | - Shane Gore
- School of Health and Human Performance, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland.,Insight Centre for Data Analytics, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Chris Richter
- Sports Medicine Department, Sports Surgery Clinic, Santry Demesne, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Andrew Franklyn-Miller
- Sports Medicine Department, Sports Surgery Clinic, Santry Demesne, Dublin, Ireland.,Centre for Health, Exercise and Sports Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kieran Moran
- School of Health and Human Performance, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland.,Insight Centre for Data Analytics, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
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2
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Unuvar E, Guney-Deniz H, Akinoglu B, Kocahan T, Nyland J. Frontal plane lower extremity alignment in adolescent athletes with chronic hip adductor-related groin injury symptoms: A case-control study. Phys Ther Sport 2022; 57:53-60. [PMID: 35921782 DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2022.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare trunk and lower extremity frontal plane projection angles (FPPA) during single leg squat (SLS) performance, perceived hip and groin function and symptoms, and isometric hip strength of adolescent athletes with chronic hip adductor-related groin injury (HARGI) symptoms and age, gender, and sport-matched healthy subjects. DESIGN Case-control study. SETTING Junior Olympic Development Training Centre. PARTICIPANTS Twenty-six athletes at 59.1 ± 60 weeks (range = 12-208 weeks) post-index grade II HARGI injury who had continued sport training (injury group) and 26 control group subjects. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES SLS trunk, hip, and knee FPPA, isometric hip strength standardized to bodyweight, and Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Scores (HAGOS). RESULTS The injury group had greater bilateral knee FPPA, and greater injury side hip FPPA during maximum SLS. Injury group HAGOS subscale scores were lower than control group scores. Hip abductor, adductor, external rotator, and internal rotator strength was lower at the injury side of the injury group compared to the matched control group limb. Forward stepwise multiple regression analysis of the injury group found that 50% of injury side knee FPPA was predicted by hip internal rotator strength and time post-index HARGI; and 47% of injury side hip FPPA was predicted by other side hip flexor strength and the HAGOS function, sport and recreation subscale score (p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS Greater injury side hip and bilateral knee FPPA during maximum SLS, lower self-reported hip symptom and function scores, and less injury side hip abductor, adductor, external rotator and internal rotator strength suggests that adolescent athletes with chronic HARGI symptoms are at an increased risk for sustaining a non-contact knee injury. Impaired hip internal rotator strength at the side of the chronic HARGI was related to increased knee FPPA, and impaired hip flexor strength at the other side of the HARGI was related to increased hip FPPA. Findings support using SLS performance testing in this athlete group to help determine safe return to sport training readiness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezgi Unuvar
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Department of Musculoskeletal Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hande Guney-Deniz
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Department of Musculoskeletal Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Bihter Akinoglu
- Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Etlik, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Tugba Kocahan
- University of Health Sciences, Gulhane Faculty of Medicine, Sports Medicine Department, Ankara, Turkey
| | - John Nyland
- Spalding University, Kosair Charities College of Health and Natural Sciences, Louisville, KY, USA.
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Scholes MJ, Crossley KM, King MG, Schache AG, Kemp JL, Semciw AI, Sritharan P, Heerey JJ, Mentiplay BF. Running biomechanics in football players with and without hip and groin pain. A cross-sectional analysis of 116 sub-elite players. Phys Ther Sport 2021; 52:312-321. [PMID: 34742030 DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2021.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Examine whether football players with hip and/or groin (hip/groin) pain have impaired running biomechanics when compared to pain-free players, analysing men and women independently. DESIGN Cross-sectional. SETTING Biomechanics laboratory. PARTICIPANTS Seventy-eight (62 men, 16 women) football players with >6months of hip/groin pain and a positive flexion-adduction-internal rotation test and 38 (25 men, 13 women) asymptomatic players. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Pelvis angles and hip, knee, and ankle joint angles and moments were analysed during the stance phase of overground running at 3-3.5 m⋅s-1. Continuous joint angle and moment data were compared between symptomatic and asymptomatic football players of the same sex using statistical parametric mapping. Joint moment impulses (area under the curve) were compared between groups using linear regression models. RESULTS Symptomatic football players did not display significant differences in pelvis angles or lower-limb joint angles, moments, or moment impulses during the stance phase of running, when compared to asymptomatic players of the same sex. CONCLUSION Our large sample of football players with hip/groin pain who were still participating in competitive sport displayed similar running biomechanics to asymptomatic players. Impaired running biomechanics might exist in people with worse hip/groin pain, warranting future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J Scholes
- La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Kay M Crossley
- La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Matthew G King
- La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Anthony G Schache
- La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Joanne L Kemp
- La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Adam I Semciw
- La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Prasanna Sritharan
- La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Joshua J Heerey
- La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Benjamin F Mentiplay
- La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia.
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Oshikawa T, Adachi G, Akuzawa H, Okubo Y, Kaneoka K. Coordinate activity of the quadratus lumborum posterior layer, lumbar multifidus, erector spinae, and gluteus medius during single-leg forward landing. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2021; 61:102605. [PMID: 34563761 DOI: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2021.102605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to clarify the differences in electromyographic activity between the quadratus lumborum anterior (QL-a) and posterior layers (QL-p), and the relationship among trunk muscles and gluteus medius (GMed) activities during forward landing. Thirteen healthy men performed double-leg and single-leg (ipsilateral or contralateral sides as the electromyography measurement of trunk muscles) forward landings from a 30 cm-height-box. The onset of electromyographic activity in pre-landing and the electromyographic amplitude of the unilateral QL-a, QL-p, abdominal muscles, lumbar multifidus (LMF), erector spinae (LES), and bilateral GMed were recorded. Two-way ANOVA was used to compare the onset of electromyographic activity (3 landing leg conditions × 10 muscles) and electromyographic amplitude among (3 landing leg conditions × 2 phases). The onset of QL-p was significantly earlier in contralateral-leg landing than in the double-leg and ipsilateral-leg landings. The onset of LMF and LES was significantly earlier than that of the abdominal muscles in contralateral-leg landing. QL-p activity and GMed activity on the contralateral leg side in the pre-landing were significantly higher in contralateral-leg landing than in the other leg landings. To prepare for pelvic and trunk movements after ground contact, LMF, LES, QL-p on non-support leg side, and GMed on support leg side showed early or high feedforward activation before ground contact during single-leg forward landing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gen Adachi
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Akuzawa
- Waseda Institute for Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yu Okubo
- Faculty of Health & Medical Care, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Koji Kaneoka
- Waseda Institute for Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
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Baida SR, King E, Richter C, Gore S, Franklyn-Miller A, Moran K. Hip Muscle Strength Explains Only 11% of the Improvement in HAGOS With an Intersegmental Approach to Successful Rehabilitation of Athletic Groin Pain. Am J Sports Med 2021; 49:2994-3003. [PMID: 34398640 PMCID: PMC8411474 DOI: 10.1177/03635465211028981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exercise-based rehabilitation targeting intersegmental control has high success rates and fast recovery times in the management of athletic groin pain (AGP). The influence of this approach on hip strength and lower limb reactive strength and how these measures compare with uninjured athletes (CON) remain unknown. Additionally, the efficacy of this program after return to play (RTP) has not been examined. PURPOSE First, to examine differences in isometric hip strength, reactive strength, and the Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) between the AGP and CON cohorts and after rehabilitation; second, to examine the relationship between the change in HAGOS and the change in strength variables after rehabilitation; last, to track HAGOS for 6 months after RTP. STUDY DESIGN Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. METHODS A total of 42 athletes diagnosed with AGP and 36 matched controls completed baseline testing: isometric hip strength, lower limb reactive strength, and HAGOS. After rehabilitation, athletes with AGP were retested, and HAGOS was collected at 3 and 6 months after RTP. RESULTS In total, 36 athletes with AGP completed the program with an RTP time of 9.8 ± 3.0 weeks (mean ± SD). At baseline, these athletes had significantly lower isometric hip strength (abduction, adduction, flexion, extension, external rotation: d = -0.67 to -1.20), single-leg reactive strength (d = -0.73), and HAGOS (r = -0.74 to -0.89) as compared with the CON cohort. Hip strength (d = -0.83 to -1.15) and reactive strength (d = -0.30) improved with rehabilitation and were no longer significantly different between groups at RTP. HAGOS improvements were maintained or improved in athletes with AGP up to 6 months after RTP, although some subscales remained significantly lower than the CON group (r = -0.35 to -0.51). Two linear regression features (hip abduction and external rotation) explained 11% of the variance in the HAGOS Sports and Recreation subscale. CONCLUSION Athletes with AGP demonstrated isometric hip strength and reactive strength deficits that resolved after an intersegmental control rehabilitation program; however, improved hip strength explained only 11% of improvement in the Sports and Recreation subscale. HAGOS improvements after pain-free RTP were maintained at 6 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel R. Baida
- Sports Medicine Department, Sports
Surgery Clinic, Dublin, Ireland,School of Health and Human Performance,
Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland,Insight Centre for Data Analytics,
Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland,Samuel R. Baida, PT, PhD,
Sports Surgery Clinic, Santry, Dublin 9, Ireland (
) (Twitter: @Sam_Baida)
| | - Enda King
- Sports Medicine Department, Sports
Surgery Clinic, Dublin, Ireland,Department of Life Sciences, Roehampton
University, London, UK
| | - Chris Richter
- Sports Medicine Department, Sports
Surgery Clinic, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Shane Gore
- School of Health and Human Performance,
Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland,Insight Centre for Data Analytics,
Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Andrew Franklyn-Miller
- Sports Medicine Department, Sports
Surgery Clinic, Dublin, Ireland,Centre for Health, Exercise and Sports
Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kieran Moran
- School of Health and Human Performance,
Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland,Insight Centre for Data Analytics,
Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
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6
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Mineta S, Inami T, Hoshiba T, Higashihara A, Kumai T, Torii S, Hirose N. Greater knee varus angle and pelvic internal rotation after landing are predictive factors of a non-contact lateral ankle sprain. Phys Ther Sport 2021; 50:59-64. [PMID: 33894569 DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2021.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to clarify the kinematic, kinetic characteristics associated with lateral ankle sprain. DESIGN A 16-month prospective cohort study. SETTING Laboratory. PARTICIPANTS A total of 179 college athletes. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Joint kinematics, moment during single-leg landing tasks, and ankle laxity were measured. The attendance of each participating team, injury mechanism, existence of body contact, presence of orthosis, with or without medical diagnosis, and periods of absence were recorded. RESULTS Twenty-nine participants incurred lateral ankle sprain during non-contact motion. The Cox regression analysis revealed that greater knee varus peak angle (hazard ratio: 1.16 [95% confidence interval: 1.10-1.22], p < 0.001) and greater pelvic internal rotation peak angle toward the support leg were associated with lateral ankle sprain (hazard ratio: 1.08 [95% confidence interval: 1.02-1.15], p = 0.009). The cut-off values for each predictive factor were -0.17° (area under the curve = 0.89, p < 0.001) and 6.63° (area under the curve = 0.74, p < 0.001), respectively. CONCLUSIONS A greater knee varus peak angle and pelvic internal rotation peak angle after single-leg landing are predictive factors for lateral ankle sprain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinshiro Mineta
- Graduate School of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Higashifushimi, Nishitokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Research Fellowships for Young Scientists, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Chiyoda-ku, Kojimachi, Japan.
| | - Takayuki Inami
- Institute of Physical Education, Keio University, Hiyoshi, Yokohama, Japan.
| | - Takuma Hoshiba
- Waseda Institute for Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Mikajima, Tokorozawashi, Saitama, Japan.
| | - Ayako Higashihara
- Institute of Physical Education, Keio University, Hiyoshi, Yokohama, Japan; Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Higashifushimi, Nishitokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Tsukasa Kumai
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Higashifushimi, Nishitokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Suguru Torii
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Higashifushimi, Nishitokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Norikazu Hirose
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Higashifushimi, Nishitokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
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7
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Daniels KAJ, King E, Richter C, Falvey É, Franklyn-Miller A. Changes in the kinetics and kinematics of a reactive cut maneuver after successful athletic groin pain rehabilitation. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2020; 31:839-847. [PMID: 33098142 DOI: 10.1111/sms.13860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Athletic groin pain (AGP) is a chronic, painful condition which is prevalent in players of field sports that require rapid changes of direction. Following successful rehabilitation, systematic changes have been observed in the kinetics and kinematics of pre-planned change of direction maneuvers, providing insight into potential foci for rehabilitation monitoring and for the assessment of interventions. However, changing direction in field sports is often reactive rather than pre-planned, and it is not known whether such post-rehabilitation changes are seen in reactive maneuvers. We analyzed the stance phase kinetics and kinematics of a 90° reactive cutting maneuver in 35 AGP patients before and after a successful exercise intervention program. Following the intervention, transverse plane rotation of the pelvis toward the intended direction of travel increased, and the body center of mass was positioned more anteriorly relative to the center of pressure. Ankle dorsiflexion also increased, and participants demonstrated greater ankle plantar flexor internal moment and power during the second half of stance. These findings provide insight into mechanical variables of potential importance in AGP, as identified during a maneuver based on a common sporting task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A J Daniels
- Sports Medicine Research Department, Sports Surgery Clinic, Dublin, Ireland.,Queen's School of Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Enda King
- Sports Medicine Research Department, Sports Surgery Clinic, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Life Sciences, University of Roehampton, London, UK
| | - Chris Richter
- Sports Medicine Research Department, Sports Surgery Clinic, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Life Sciences, University of Roehampton, London, UK
| | - Éanna Falvey
- Sports Medicine Research Department, Sports Surgery Clinic, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Medicine, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Andy Franklyn-Miller
- Sports Medicine Research Department, Sports Surgery Clinic, Dublin, Ireland.,Centre for Health, Exercise and Sports Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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8
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De Bleecker C, Vermeulen S, De Blaiser C, Willems T, De Ridder R, Roosen P. Relationship Between Jump-Landing Kinematics and Lower Extremity Overuse Injuries in Physically Active Populations: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Sports Med 2020; 50:1515-1532. [DOI: 10.1007/s40279-020-01296-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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9
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Collings TJ, Gorman AD, Stuelcken MC, Mellifont DB, Sayers MGL. Exploring the Justifications for Selecting a Drop Landing Task to Assess Injury Biomechanics: A Narrative Review and Analysis of Landings Performed by Female Netball Players. Sports Med 2020; 49:385-395. [PMID: 30684242 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-018-01045-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
When assessing biomechanics in a laboratory setting, task selection is critical to the production of accurate and meaningful data. The injury biomechanics of landing is commonly investigated in a laboratory setting using a drop landing task. However, why this task is so frequently chosen is unclear. Therefore, this narrative review aimed to (1) identify the justification/s provided within the published literature as to why a drop landing task was selected to investigate the injury biomechanics of landing in sport and (2) use current research evidence, supplemented by a new set of biomechanical data, to evaluate whether the justifications are supported. To achieve this, a comprehensive literature search using Scopus, PubMed, and SPORTDiscus online databases was conducted for studies that had collected biomechanical data relating to sport injuries using a drop landing task. In addition, kinematic and kinetic data were collected from female netball players during drop landings and maximum-effort countermovement jumps from the ground to grab a suspended ball. The literature search returned a total of 149 articles that were reviewed to determine the justification for selecting a drop landing task. Of these, 54% provided no explicit justification to explain why a drop landing task was chosen, and 15% stated it was selected because it had been used in previous research. Other reasons included that the drop landing provides high experimental control (16%), is a functional sports task (11%), and is a dynamic task (6%). Evidence in the literature suggests that the biomechanical data produced with drop landings may not be as externally valid as more sport-specific tasks. Biomechanical data showed that the drop landing may not control center of mass fall height any better than maximum-effort countermovement jumps from the ground. Further, the frequently used step-off technique to initiate drop landings resulted in kinematic and kinetic asymmetries between lower limbs, which would otherwise be symmetrical when performing a countermovement jump from the ground. Researchers should consider the limitations of a drop landing task and endeavor to improve the laboratory tasks used to collect biomechanical data to examine the injury biomechanics of landing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler J Collings
- The University of the Sunshine Coast, 90 Sippy Downs Drive, Sippy Downs, QLD, Australia. .,Queensland Academy of Sport, Nathan, QLD, Australia.
| | - Adam D Gorman
- The University of the Sunshine Coast, 90 Sippy Downs Drive, Sippy Downs, QLD, Australia
| | - Max C Stuelcken
- The University of the Sunshine Coast, 90 Sippy Downs Drive, Sippy Downs, QLD, Australia
| | - Daniel B Mellifont
- The University of the Sunshine Coast, 90 Sippy Downs Drive, Sippy Downs, QLD, Australia
| | - Mark G L Sayers
- The University of the Sunshine Coast, 90 Sippy Downs Drive, Sippy Downs, QLD, Australia
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10
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Mansourizadeh R, Letafatkar A, Franklyn-Miller A, Khaleghi-Tazji M, Baker JS. Segmental coordination and variability of change in direction in long-standing groin pain. Gait Posture 2020; 77:36-42. [PMID: 31972473 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2020.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-standing groin pain (LSGP) is a chronic painful condition resulting in both impaired performance and time loss from participation in multidirectional field sport. RESEARCH QUESTION What are the differences in intersegmental coordination strategy and variability of trunk-pelvic and thigh coupling during change of direction in subjects with athletic LSGP and asymptomatic control subjects? METHODS A motion analysis system was used to collect 3-D kinematic data of the continuous relative phase and the variability of the right and left leg hip. Thoracic-thigh segment data were also collected during multiple ipsilateral turns at a self-selected pace from 16 males with LSGP and 16 asymptomatic controls. It is worth mentioning that, for a more detailed analysis, we divided each cycle diagram into four phases. Independent T-tests were used to compare the two groups. RESULTS Subjects with LSGP demonstrate except in phase 2 of the left foot, more out-of-phase movement with both increased variabilities in right/ left thigh - pelvic coupling, right/ left thigh-thoracic, and pelvic- thoracic in every 4 phases and in the decoupling of segmental coordination. SIGNIFICANCE Decrease in coordination with higher variability is apparent in subjects with LSGP and this aberrant coordination may lead to unexpected compensatory strategies and control impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Mansourizadeh
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Letafatkar
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Andrew Franklyn-Miller
- Centre for Health, Exercise and Sports Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Sports Surgery Clinic, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mehdi Khaleghi-Tazji
- Centre for Health, Exercise and Sports Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Julien S Baker
- Institute of Exercise Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong.
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11
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Gore S, Franklyn-Miller A, Richter C, King E, Falvey E, Moran K. The effects of rehabilitation on the biomechanics of patients with athletic groin pain. J Biomech 2020; 99:109474. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2019.109474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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12
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Does athletic groin pain affect the muscular co-contraction during a change of direction. Gait Posture 2019; 73:173-179. [PMID: 31344606 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2019.07.249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Groin pain is one of the common problems in multidirectional sports. It seems that abnormal muscular activity and improper movement strategy led to prolongation and high rate of this injury. Therefore, the aim of this study was to Comparing the Average amplitude of Electromyography (AEMG), co-contraction ratio (CCR) of selected thigh and thoracic muscle during turning in individuals with chronic groin pain and healthy individuals. METHODS Surface electromyography was collected from the internal oblique/transversus abdominis (IO/TrA), multifidus (MF), adductor Longus (AL) and gluteus Medius (GM) for AEMG and CCR analyzed in 16-males with LSGP and 16-controls in four motion phases during 11 cycles of gait coupled with turning. RESULTS Results revealed that in the AEMG apart from the third phase in the muscle of the IO/ Tr. A muscle and in the second phase in the MF muscle in the trunk and in the third phase in the muscle of the AL and the fourth phase in the GM foot Left There was a significant difference in other phases. There was a significant difference in the CCR, except in the second phase of the trunk and the fourth phase of the left foot in the rest of the phases. CONCLUSIONS It seems that in athletes with LSGP, have selective muscular activation and CCR have during turning, that may be resulting in compensatory strategies and movement control defects, which may be a useful tool to predict LSGP occurrence in players with a history of groin pain.
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Active pelvic tilt is reduced in athletes with groin injury; a case-controlled study. Phys Ther Sport 2019; 36:14-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2018.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Clinical Examination, Diagnostic Imaging, and Testing of Athletes With Groin Pain: An Evidence-Based Approach to Effective Management. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2018; 48:239-249. [PMID: 29510653 DOI: 10.2519/jospt.2018.7850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Synopsis Groin pain is common in athletes who participate in multidirectional sports and has traditionally been considered a difficult problem to understand, diagnose, and manage. This may be due to sparse historical focus on this complex region in sports medicine. Until recently, there has been little agreement regarding terminology, definitions, and classification of groin pain in athletes. This has made clear communication between clinicians difficult, and the results of research difficult to interpret and implement into practice. However, during the past decade, the field has evolved rapidly, and an evidence-based understanding is now emerging. This clinical commentary discusses the clinical examination (subjective history, screening, physical examination); imaging; testing of impairments, function, and performance; and management of athletes with groin pain in an evidence-based framework. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2018;48(4):239-249. Epub 6 Mar 2018. doi:10.2519/jospt.2018.7850.
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