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Arellano-Orden E, Calero Acuña C, Sánchez-López V, López Ramírez C, Otero-Candelera R, Marín-Hinojosa C, López Campos J. Cellular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of airway remodeling in chronic lung disease. Eur Clin Respir J 2022; 9:2097377. [PMID: 35832729 PMCID: PMC9272929 DOI: 10.1080/20018525.2022.2097377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- E. Arellano-Orden
- Unidad Médico Quirúrgica de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/Universidad de SevillaUnidad Médico Quirúrgica de Enfermedades Respiratorias,Quirúrgica, Seville, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - C. Calero Acuña
- Unidad Médico Quirúrgica de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/Universidad de SevillaUnidad Médico Quirúrgica de Enfermedades Respiratorias,Quirúrgica, Seville, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - V. Sánchez-López
- Unidad Médico Quirúrgica de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/Universidad de SevillaUnidad Médico Quirúrgica de Enfermedades Respiratorias,Quirúrgica, Seville, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - C. López Ramírez
- Unidad Médico Quirúrgica de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/Universidad de SevillaUnidad Médico Quirúrgica de Enfermedades Respiratorias,Quirúrgica, Seville, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - R. Otero-Candelera
- Unidad Médico Quirúrgica de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/Universidad de SevillaUnidad Médico Quirúrgica de Enfermedades Respiratorias,Quirúrgica, Seville, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - C. Marín-Hinojosa
- Unidad Médico Quirúrgica de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/Universidad de SevillaUnidad Médico Quirúrgica de Enfermedades Respiratorias,Quirúrgica, Seville, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jl López Campos
- Unidad Médico Quirúrgica de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/Universidad de SevillaUnidad Médico Quirúrgica de Enfermedades Respiratorias,Quirúrgica, Seville, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Luo M, Du M, Shu C, Liu S, Li J, Zhang L, Li X. The Function of microRNAs in Pulmonary Embolism: Review and Research Outlook. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:743945. [PMID: 34737702 PMCID: PMC8560694 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.743945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a common pathologic condition that frequently occurs in patients with deep venous thrombosis. Severe PE may critically suppress cardiopulmonary function, thereby threatening the life of patients. Chronic pulmonary hypertension caused by PE may lead to deterioration of respiratory dysfunction, resulting in complete disability. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a group of abundantly expressed non-coding RNAs that exert multiple functions in regulating the transcriptome via post-transcriptional targeting of mRNAs. Specifically, miRNAs bind to target mRNAs in a matching mechanism between the miRNA seed sequence and mRNA 3ʹ UTR, thus modulating the transcript stability or subsequent translation activity by RNA-induced silencing complex. Current studies have reported the function of miRNAs as biomarkers of PE, revealing their mechanism, function, and targetome in venous thrombophilia. This review summarizes the literature on miRNA functions and downstream mechanisms in PE. We conclude that various related miRNAs play important roles in PE and have great potential as treatment targets. For clinical application, we propose that miRNA biomarkers combined with traditional biomarkers or miRNA signatures generated from microchips may serve as a great predictive tool for PE occurrence and prognosis. Further, therapies targeting miRNAs or their upstream/downstream molecules need to be developed more quickly to keep up with the progress of routine treatments, such as anticoagulation, thrombolysis, or surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyao Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Center of Vascular Surgery, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Mingyuan Du
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,The Institute of Vascular Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chang Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Center of Vascular Surgery, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,The Institute of Vascular Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Sheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Center of Vascular Surgery, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jiehua Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,The Institute of Vascular Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,The Institute of Vascular Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,The Institute of Vascular Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Cai W, Zhang B, Li T, Jin F, Li Y, Xu H, Yang F. Transcriptomic analysis identifies upregulation of secreted phosphoprotein 1 in silicotic rats. Exp Ther Med 2021; 21:579. [PMID: 33850551 PMCID: PMC8027763 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Silicosis is caused by exposure to crystalline silica and the molecular mechanism of silicotic fibrosis remains unclear. Therefore, the present study investigated the mRNA profiles of rats exposed to crystalline silica. RNA-sequencing techniques were used to observe differential expression of mRNAs in silicotic rats induced by chronic inhalation of crystalline silica particulates. Prediction of mRNA functions and signaling pathways was conducted using Gene Ontology (GO) and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) databases. Certain differentially expressed mRNAs were verified in lung tissue of silicotic rats by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Secreted phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1) was measured in serum from silicosis patients, lungs of silicotic rats and NR8383 macrophages treated with silica. A total of 1,338 mRNAs were revealed to be differentially expressed in silicotic rat lungs, including 912 upregulated and 426 downregulated mRNAs. In GO analysis of significant changes in mRNAs, the most affected processes were the defense response, extracellular space and chemokine activity in terms of biological process, cellular component and molecular function. In KEGG pathway analysis, dysregulated mRNAs were involved in systemic lupus erythematosus, staphylococcus aureus infection, complement and coagulation cascades, alcoholism and pertussis. qPCR demonstrated that expression of Spp1, Mmp12, Ccl7, Defb5, Fabp4 and Slc26a4 was increased in silicotic rats, while Lpo, Itln1, Lcn2 and Dlk1 expression was decreased. It was also found that SPP1 was increased in serum from silicosis patients, silicotic rats and silica-treated NR8383 macrophages. The expression of mRNAs was altered significantly in silicotic rats, which suggested that certain genes are novel targets for the diagnosis and treatment of silicosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenchen Cai
- School of Public Health, Hebei Key Laboratory for Organ Fibrosis Research, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, P.R. China
| | - Bonan Zhang
- Basic Medicine College, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, P.R. China
| | - Tian Li
- Basic Medicine College, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, P.R. China
| | - Fuyu Jin
- Basic Medicine College, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, P.R. China
| | - Yaqian Li
- Basic Medicine College, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, P.R. China
| | - Hong Xu
- School of Public Health, Hebei Key Laboratory for Organ Fibrosis Research, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, P.R. China
| | - Fang Yang
- School of Public Health, Hebei Key Laboratory for Organ Fibrosis Research, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, P.R. China
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Abd-Elaziz K, Voors-Pette C, Wang KL, Pan S, Lee Y, Mao J, Li Y, Chien B, Lau D, Diamant Z. First-in-Man Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics of a Novel and Highly Selective Inhibitor of Matrix Metalloproteinase-12, FP-025: Results from Two Randomized Studies in Healthy Subjects. Clin Drug Investig 2020; 41:65-76. [PMID: 33331980 DOI: 10.1007/s40261-020-00981-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are proteases with different biological and pathological activities, and many have been linked to several diseases. Targeting individual MMPs may offer a safer therapeutic potential for several diseases. We assessed the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of FP-025, a novel, highly selective oral matrix metalloproteinase-12 inhibitor, in healthy subjects. METHODS Two randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies were conducted. Study I was a first-in-man study, evaluating eight single ascending doses (SADs) (50-800 mg) in two formulations: i.e., neat FP-025 in capsule (API-in-Capsule) and in an amorphous solid dispersion (ASD-in-Capsule) formulation. In Study II, three multiple ascending doses (MADs) (100, 200, and 400 mg, twice daily) of FP-025 (ASD-in-Capsule) were administered for 8 days, including a food-effect evaluation. RESULTS Ninety-six subjects were dosed. Both formulations were well tolerated with one adverse event (AE) reported in the 800 mg API-in-Capsule SAD group and seven AEs throughout the MAD groups. The exposure to FP-025 was low with the API-in-Capsule formulation; it increased dose-dependently with the ASD-in-Capsule formulation, with which exposure to FP-025 increased in a greater-than-dose-proportional manner at lower doses (≤ 100 mg) but less proportionally at higher doses. The elimination half-life (t1/2) was between 6 (Study I) and 8 h (Study II). Accumulation of FP-025 was approximately 1.7-fold in the MAD study. Food intake delayed the rate of absorption, but without effect in the extent of absorption or bioavailability. CONCLUSION FP-025 was well tolerated and showed a favorable pharmacokinetic profile following ASD-in-Capsule dosing. Efficacy studies in target patient populations, including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and pulmonary fibrosis, are warranted. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER www.clinicaltrials.gov : NCT02238834 (Study I); NCT03304964 (Study II). Trial registration date: Study I was registered on 12 September 2014 while study II was registered on 9 October 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Abd-Elaziz
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, QPS-Netherlands, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | | | - Kang-Ling Wang
- General Clinical Research Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sandy Pan
- QPS Taiwan, Taipei City, 115, Taiwan
| | - Yisheng Lee
- Foresee Pharmaceuticals Co. Ltd, Taipei City, 115, Taiwan
| | - John Mao
- Foresee Pharmaceuticals Co. Ltd, Taipei City, 115, Taiwan
| | - Yuhua Li
- Foresee Pharmaceuticals Co. Ltd, Taipei City, 115, Taiwan
| | - Benjamin Chien
- Foresee Pharmaceuticals Co. Ltd, Taipei City, 115, Taiwan
| | - David Lau
- Foresee Pharmaceuticals Co. Ltd, Taipei City, 115, Taiwan
| | - Zuzana Diamant
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, QPS-Netherlands, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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5
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Kaczorowska A, Miękus N, Stefanowicz J, Adamkiewicz-Drożyńska E. Selected Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMP-2, MMP-7) and Their Inhibitor (TIMP-2) in Adult and Pediatric Cancer. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:diagnostics10080547. [PMID: 32751899 PMCID: PMC7460349 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10080547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of numerous biologically relevant elements. One of the most important components of the TME is the extracellular matrix (ECM). The compounds of the ECM create a network that provides structural and biochemical support to surrounding cells. The most important substances involved in the regulation of the ECM degradation process are matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their endogenous inhibitors (tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases, TIMPs). The disruption of the physiological balance between MMP activation and deactivation could lead to progression of various diseases such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, fibrosis arthritis, chronic tissue ulcers, pathologies of the nervous system (such as stroke and Alzheimer's disease), periodontitis, and atheroma. MMP-TIMP imbalance results in matrix proteolysis associated with various pathological processes such as tumor invasion. The present review discusses the involvement of two MMPs, MMP-2 and MMP-7, in cancer pathogenesis. These two MMPs have been proven in several studies, conducted mostly on adults, to make an important contribution to cancer development and progression. In the current review, several studies that indicate the importance of MMP-TIMP balance determination for the pediatric population are also highlighted. The authors of this review believe that carrying out biochemical and clinical studies focused on metalloproteinases and their inhibitors in tumors in children will be of great relevance for future patient diagnosis, determination of a prognosis, and monitoring of therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Kaczorowska
- Department of Pediatrics, Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, 7 Dębinki Street, 80-952 Gdańsk, Poland; (A.K.); (E.A.-D.)
- University Clinical Centre, 7 Debinki Street, 80-952 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Natalia Miękus
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, al. Gen. J. Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | - Joanna Stefanowicz
- Department of Pediatrics, Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, 7 Dębinki Street, 80-952 Gdańsk, Poland; (A.K.); (E.A.-D.)
- University Clinical Centre, 7 Debinki Street, 80-952 Gdansk, Poland
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Gdańsk, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Street 3a, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-58-349-28-08
| | - Elżbieta Adamkiewicz-Drożyńska
- Department of Pediatrics, Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, 7 Dębinki Street, 80-952 Gdańsk, Poland; (A.K.); (E.A.-D.)
- University Clinical Centre, 7 Debinki Street, 80-952 Gdansk, Poland
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He J, Qin M, Chen Y, Hu Z, Xie F, Ye L, Hui T. Epigenetic regulation of matrix metalloproteinases in inflammatory diseases: a narrative review. Cell Biosci 2020; 10:86. [PMID: 32695308 PMCID: PMC7368751 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-020-00451-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
With the acceleration of urbanization and aging and the change of lifestyle, inflammatory diseases have become one of the important threats to the health of the global population. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) are involved in the metabolism of extracellular matrix (ECM). They play a key role in inflammation-related diseases. Factors such as inflammation, oxidative stress and growth factors stimulate the production of MMPs with subsequent ECM remodeling. Recently, the studies of epigenetic regulation, including the ability to predict disease progression, important pathophysiological deficiencies as well as treatment methods have been extensively discussed. This article reviews the current studies on epigenetic alterations in MMPs during inflammatory response. It is likely to provide new insights into development of efficient medications of epigenetic therapy for inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie He
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, No. 22, Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Man Qin
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, No. 22, Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Yingyi Chen
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, No. 22, Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Ziqi Hu
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, No. 22, Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Xie
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, No. 22, Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan China
| | - Tianqian Hui
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, No. 22, Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing, China
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Todd JL, Vinisko R, Liu Y, Neely ML, Overton R, Flaherty KR, Noth I, Newby LK, Lasky JA, Olman MA, Hesslinger C, Leonard TB, Palmer SM, Belperio JA. Circulating matrix metalloproteinases and tissue metalloproteinase inhibitors in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in the multicenter IPF-PRO Registry cohort. BMC Pulm Med 2020; 20:64. [PMID: 32171287 PMCID: PMC7071646 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-020-1103-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of MMPs (TIMPs) play important roles in the turnover of extracellular matrix and in the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). This study aimed to determine the utility of circulating MMPs and TIMPs in distinguishing patients with IPF from controls and to explore associations between MMPs/TIMPs and measures of disease severity in patients with IPF. Methods The IPF cohort (n = 300) came from the IPF-PRO Registry, an observational multicenter registry of patients with IPF that was diagnosed or confirmed at the enrolling center in the past 6 months. Controls (n = 100) without known lung disease came from a population-based registry. Generalized linear models were used to compare circulating concentrations of MMPs 1, 2, 3, 7, 8, 9, 12, and 13 and TIMPs 1, 2, and 4 between patients with IPF and controls, and to investigate associations between circulating levels of these proteins and measures of IPF severity. Multivariable models were fit to identify the MMP/TIMPs that best distinguished patients with IPF from controls. Results All the MMP/TIMPs analyzed were present at significantly higher levels in patients with IPF compared with controls except for TIMP2. Multivariable analyses selected MMP8, MMP9 and TIMP1 as top candidates for distinguishing patients with IPF from controls. Higher concentrations of MMP7, MMP12, MMP13 and TIMP4 were significantly associated with lower diffusion capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DLCO) % predicted and higher composite physiologic index (worse disease). MMP9 was associated with the composite physiologic index. No MMP/TIMPs were associated with forced vital capacity % predicted. Conclusions Circulating MMPs and TIMPs were broadly elevated among patients with IPF. Select MMP/TIMPs strongly associated with measures of disease severity. Our results identify potential MMP/TIMP targets for further development as disease-related biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie L Todd
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC, USA. .,Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, DUMC Box 103002, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
| | - Richard Vinisko
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., Ridgefield, CT, USA
| | - Yi Liu
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., Ridgefield, CT, USA
| | - Megan L Neely
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC, USA.,Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, DUMC Box 103002, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | | | - Kevin R Flaherty
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Imre Noth
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - L Kristin Newby
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC, USA.,Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, DUMC Box 103002, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.,Duke Clinical & Translational Science Institute, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Joseph A Lasky
- School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Mitchell A Olman
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity and Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | | | - Scott M Palmer
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC, USA.,Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, DUMC Box 103002, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - John A Belperio
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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8
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Matrix metalloproteinase: An upcoming therapeutic approach for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Pharmacol Res 2020; 152:104591. [PMID: 31837390 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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9
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Song MK, Kim DI, Lee K. Time-course transcriptomic alterations reflect the pathophysiology of polyhexamethylene guanidine phosphate-induced lung injury in rats. Inhal Toxicol 2020; 31:457-467. [PMID: 31971030 DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2019.1707912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Humidifier-disinfectant-induced lung injury is a new syndrome associated with a high mortality rate and characterized by severe hypersensitivity pneumonitis, acute interstitial pneumonia, or acute respiratory distress syndrome. Polyhexamethylene guanidine phosphate (PHMG-P), a guanidine-based antimicrobial agent, is a major component associated with severe lung injury. In-depth studies are needed to determine how PHMG-P affects pathogenesis at the molecular level. Therefore, in this study, we analyzed short-term (4 weeks) and long-term (10 weeks) PHMG-P-exposure-specific gene-expression patterns in rats to improve our understanding of time-dependent changes in fibrosis.Materials and methods: Gene-expression profiles were analyzed in rat lung tissues using DNA microarrays and bioinformatics tools.Results: Clustering analysis of gene-expression data showed different gene-alteration patterns in the short- and long-term exposure groups and higher sensitivity to gene-expression changes in the long-term exposure group than in the short-term exposure group. Supervised analysis revealed 34 short-term and 335 long-term exposure-specific genes, and functional analysis revealed that short-term exposure-specific genes were involved in PHMG-P-induced initial inflammatory responses, whereas long-term exposure-specific genes were involved in PHMG-P-related induction of chronic lung fibrosis.Conclusion: The results of transcriptomic analysis were consistent with lung histopathology results. These findings indicated that exposure-time-specific changes in gene expression closely reflected time-dependent pathological changes in PHMG-P-induced lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Kyung Song
- National Center for Efficacy Evaluation for Respiratory Disease Product, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jeongeup, Republic of Korea.,Department of Human and Environmental Toxicology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Im Kim
- National Center for Efficacy Evaluation for Respiratory Disease Product, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jeongeup, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyuhong Lee
- National Center for Efficacy Evaluation for Respiratory Disease Product, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jeongeup, Republic of Korea.,Department of Human and Environmental Toxicology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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10
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Hao W, Li M, Zhang Y, Zhang C, Wang P. Comparative Study of Cytokine Levels in Different Respiratory Samples in Mild-to-Moderate AECOPD Patients. Lung 2019; 197:565-572. [PMID: 31451927 DOI: 10.1007/s00408-019-00263-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Matrix metalloproteinase-12 (MMP-12) and Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-4 (TIMP-4) play important roles in the pathophysiology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Subjects of many previous studies were patients with severe and very severe COPD. However, there are comparatively few studies on patients with mild-to-moderate COPD. Our aim was to measure MMP-12 and TIMP-4 levels and to compare its levels in various materials in patients with mild-to-moderate acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD). We also compared which of the two materials of these biomarkers was better correlated with disease severity and DODE index. METHODS A total of 39 patients with AECOPD and 25 control subjects were enrolled in our study. MMP-12 and TIMP-4 in different respiratory samples were detected by ELISA. RESULTS Expression levels of MMP-12 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and exhaled breath condensate (EBC) and TIMP-4 in BALF were significantly higher in AECOPD patients than that in healthy subjects (P < 0.001). However, there was no significant difference in TIMP-4 level in EBC of AECOPD patients compared to healthy subjects (P = 0.0527). The levels of MMP-12 in BALF and EBC and TIMP-4 in BAFL of AECOPD patients were significantly correlated with FEV1% predicted (P < 0.001). However, in AECOPD patients, there was no significant correlation between TIMP-4 levels in EBC and BODE index (r = 0.4175, P = 0.0559). CONCLUSION During mild-to-moderate AECOPD, the levels of MMP-12 and TIMP-4 in BALF were better correlated with FEV1% predicted and BODE index than that in EBC, indicating that they may be new target interventions for pharmacology to prevent and/or treat AECOPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendong Hao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Yan'an University, Yan'an, 716099, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
| | - Manxiang Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunqing Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Yan'an University, Yan'an, 716099, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Cailian Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Yan'an University, Yan'an, 716099, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Yan'an University, Yan'an, 716099, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
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11
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Gilowska I, Majorczyk E, Kasper Ł, Bogacz K, Szczegielniak J, Kasper M, Kaczmarski J, Skomudek A, Czerwinski M, Sładek K. The role of MMP-12 gene polymorphism - 82 A-to-G (rs2276109) in immunopathology of COPD in polish patients: a case control study. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2019; 20:19. [PMID: 30658596 PMCID: PMC6339316 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-019-0751-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background Major symptoms of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are chronic bronchitis and emphysema leading from lung tissue destruction, that is an effect of an imbalance between metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their tissue inhibitors activity. As potential factor involved in this COPD pathogenesis, MMP-12 is considered. We investigated the role of genetic polymorphism and protein level of MMP-12 in the COPD development among Poles. Methods We analyzed − 82 A > G SNP in the promoter region of MMP-12 gene (rs2276109) among 335 smoked COPD patients and 309 healthy individuals, including 110 smokers. Additionally, 60 COPD patients and 61 controls (23 smokers) were tested for serum levels of MMP-12 using ELISA. All subjects were analyzed for lung function using spirometry (FEV1% and FEV1/FVC parameters). Results We observed that -82G allele and -82GG homozygous genotype frequencies of the SNP rs2276109 were significantly lower in COPD patients than in controls (12.5% vs 16.9%, respectively; χ2 = 4.742, p = 0.02 for allele and 0.5% vs 3.9%, respectively; χ2 = 9.0331, p = 0.01 for genotype). Moreover, −82G allele was more frequent in controls smokers than in non-smokers (22.3% vs 14.1%, χ2 = 6.7588, p = 0.01). Serum level of MMP-12 was significantly higher in COPD patients than in controls groups (6.8 ng/ml vs 3.3 ng/ml, respectively; F = 7.433, p < 0.0001), although independently of analyzed gene polymorphisms. Additionally, no correlation between parameters of lung function (FEV1% and FEV1/FVC) and protein level was found. Conclusions We found that -82G allele of SNP rs2276109 was associated with reduced risk of COPD, and COPD patients released more MMP-12 than healthy individuals, but independently on this SNP. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12881-019-0751-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Gilowska
- Institute of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Opole University of Technology, Proszkowska street 76, 45-758, Opole, Poland
| | - Edyta Majorczyk
- Institute of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Opole University of Technology, Proszkowska street 76, 45-758, Opole, Poland.
| | - Łukasz Kasper
- Second Department of Internal Medicine of Collegium Medicum, Jagiellonian University in Cracow, Skawińska street 8, 31-066, Kraków, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Bogacz
- Institute of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Opole University of Technology, Proszkowska street 76, 45-758, Opole, Poland
| | - Jan Szczegielniak
- Institute of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Opole University of Technology, Proszkowska street 76, 45-758, Opole, Poland
| | - Marta Kasper
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Michałowskiego street 12, 31-126, Kraków, Poland
| | - Jacek Kaczmarski
- Institute of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Opole University of Technology, Proszkowska street 76, 45-758, Opole, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Skomudek
- Institute of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Opole University of Technology, Proszkowska street 76, 45-758, Opole, Poland
| | - Marcin Czerwinski
- Institute of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Opole University of Technology, Proszkowska street 76, 45-758, Opole, Poland.,Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Weigla street 12, 53-114, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Sładek
- Second Department of Internal Medicine of Collegium Medicum, Jagiellonian University in Cracow, Skawińska street 8, 31-066, Kraków, Poland
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12
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Kim HY, Kim MS, Kim SH, Joen D, Lee K. Protective Effects of Nintedanib against Polyhexamethylene Guanidine Phosphate-Induced Lung Fibrosis in Mice. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23081974. [PMID: 30087305 PMCID: PMC6222351 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23081974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nintedanib (NDN), a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, has been shown to have anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, and anti-fibrotic effects in several reports. We investigated the protective effects of NDN against polyhexamethylene guanidine phosphate (PHMG)-induced lung fibrosis in mice. The following three experimental groups were evaluated: (1) vehicle control; (2) PHMG (1.1 mg/kg); and (3) PHMG & NDN (60 mg/kg). PHMG induced pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis by intratracheal instillation in mice. In contrast, NDN treatment effectively alleviated the PHMG induced lung injury, and attenuated the number of total cells and inflammatory cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, including the fibrotic histopathological changes, and also reduced the hydroxyproline content. NDN also significantly decreased the expression of inflammatory cytokines and fibrotic factors, and the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in lung tissues. These results suggest that NDN may mitigate the inflammatory response and development of pulmonary fibrosis in the lungs of mice treated with PHMG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon-Young Kim
- National Center for Efficacy Evaluation of Respiratory Disease Product, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 30, Baekhak 1-gil, Jeongeup-si 56212, Korea.
- Department of Toxicology Evaluation, Graduate School of Pre-Clinical Laboratory Science, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Korea.
| | - Min-Seok Kim
- National Center for Efficacy Evaluation of Respiratory Disease Product, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 30, Baekhak 1-gil, Jeongeup-si 56212, Korea.
| | - Sung-Hwan Kim
- National Center for Efficacy Evaluation of Respiratory Disease Product, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 30, Baekhak 1-gil, Jeongeup-si 56212, Korea.
- Department of Human and Environmental Toxicology, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea.
| | - Doin Joen
- National Center for Efficacy Evaluation of Respiratory Disease Product, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 30, Baekhak 1-gil, Jeongeup-si 56212, Korea.
| | - Kyuhong Lee
- National Center for Efficacy Evaluation of Respiratory Disease Product, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 30, Baekhak 1-gil, Jeongeup-si 56212, Korea.
- Department of Human and Environmental Toxicology, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea.
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13
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Hou HH, Wang HC, Cheng SL, Chen YF, Lu KZ, Yu CJ. MMP-12 activates protease-activated receptor-1, upregulates placenta growth factor, and leads to pulmonary emphysema. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2018; 315:L432-L442. [PMID: 29722565 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00216.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Because of the expansion of aging and smoking populations, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is predicted to be the third leading cause of death worldwide in 2030. Therefore, it is pertinent to develop effective therapy to improve management for COPD. Cigarette smoke-mediated protease-antiprotease imbalance is a major pathogenic mechanism for COPD and results in massive pulmonary infiltration of neutrophils and macrophages, releasing excessive neutrophil elastase (NE) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Our previous studies indicated that placenta growth factor (PGF) and PGF-triggered downstream signaling molecules mediate NE-induced lung epithelial cell apoptosis, which is a major pathogenic mechanism for pulmonary emphysema. However, the relationship between MMP-directed COPD and PGF remains elusive. We hypothesize that MMPs may upregulate PGF expression and be involved in MMP-mediated pathogenesis of COPD. In this study, we demonstrate that only MMP-12 can increase the expression of PGF by increasing early-growth response protein 1 (Egr-1) level through the activation of protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR-1). The PGF-mediated downstream signaling molecules drive caspase-3 and caspase-9-dependent apoptosis in bronchial epithelial cells. Both the upregulation of PGF by MMP-12 and PGF downstream signaling molecules with pulmonary apoptosis and emphysema were also demonstrated in animals. Given these findings, we suggest that both human COPD-associated elastases, NE, and MMP-12, upregulate PGF expression and promote the progression of emphysema and COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Han Hou
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital , Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University, College of Medicine , Taiwan
| | - Hao-Chien Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital , Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University, College of Medicine , Taiwan
| | - Shih-Lung Cheng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital , Taiwan.,Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan-Ze University , Taiwan
| | - Yen-Fu Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Yunlin Branch , Taiwan
| | - Kai-Zen Lu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital , Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University, College of Medicine , Taiwan
| | - Chong-Jen Yu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital , Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University, College of Medicine , Taiwan
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14
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Białecka M, Kurzawski M, Vlaykova T, Tacheva T, Dziedziejko V, Pierzchlińska A, Droździk M. Effects of common functional MMP12 gene polymorphisms on PD in a Polish population. Neurol Neurochir Pol 2017; 51:347-353. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pjnns.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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15
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Egger C, Cannet C, Gérard C, Suply T, Ksiazek I, Jarman E, Beckmann N. Effects of the fibroblast activation protein inhibitor, PT100, in a murine model of pulmonary fibrosis. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 809:64-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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16
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Jiang C, Yu H, Sun Q, Zhu W, Xu J, Gao N, Zhang R, Liu L, Wu X, Yang X, Meng L, Lu S. Extracellular microRNA-21 and microRNA-26a increase in body fluids from rats with antigen induced pulmonary inflammation and children with recurrent wheezing. BMC Pulm Med 2016; 16:50. [PMID: 27075111 PMCID: PMC4831091 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-016-0216-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aims to find out whether extracellular miRNAs is implicated in recurrent childhood wheezing with asthmatic risk. Methods One hundred and forty children of Chinese Han population were recruited for this study. Plasma and intracellular miRNAs from children with recurrent wheezing and rats with antigen induced pulmonary inflammation (AIPI) were detected by using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. Differential leukocytes in blood were automatically counted. Total IgE was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Clinical implication in diagnosis was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic curves. Results The increase of plasma miR-21 and miR-26a was screened out from 11 candidate miRNAs and validated in wheezing children. The level of expression for both miRNAs were comparable in different age and gender. Plasma miR-21 was more preferable to miR-26a and total IgE for diagnosis. Plasma miR-21 and miR-26a levels were not significantly correlated with various leukocyte counts or miRNA expression in blood cells. In acute and chronic AIPI rats, miR-21 levels increased in both plasma and lavaged lung compared with control. Moreover, circulating miR-21 and miR-26a levels were highly positively correlated with infiltrated cell counts in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of AIPI rats. Conclusions Circulating miR-21 and miR-26a increase in wheezing children and AIPI rats. This not only manifests their strong clinical implication in recurrent childhood wheezing with asthma risk, but also provides novel insights into the role of extracellular miRNAs during development of airway inflammation and recurrent wheezing. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12890-016-0216-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congshan Jiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, West Yanta Road No.76, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Hongchuan Yu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xi'an Children Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Qingzhu Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, West Yanta Road No.76, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Wenhua Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, West Yanta Road No.76, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, West Yanta Road No.76, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Ning Gao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Bone and Joint Diseases, Xi'an Honghui Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, West Yanta Road No.76, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Xiaoying Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, West Yanta Road No.76, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Xudong Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, West Yanta Road No.76, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Liesu Meng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, West Yanta Road No.76, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China. .,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China.
| | - Shemin Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, West Yanta Road No.76, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China. .,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China.
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17
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Xie H, Chen Z, Wang G. [Research Progress of Biomakers Proteomics-based in Lung Cancer]. ZHONGGUO FEI AI ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF LUNG CANCER 2015; 18:391-6. [PMID: 26104898 PMCID: PMC5999909 DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2015.06.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
蛋白组学技术可以应用于癌症研究来检测差异蛋白质表达以发现癌症生物标志物。肺癌的生物标志物在肺癌早期诊断、指导治疗和预后监测方面起着关键作用。因此,迫切需要确定新的早期诊断和预后指标以开辟新的治疗途径。本文简要介绍了基于蛋白质组学的肺癌生物标志物的最新研究报告。他包括作为诊断、预后和预测性的生物标志物,以及基于最近发表文献的基础上和我们所做的相关工作的总结。
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xie
- Baodi Clinical Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 301800, China
| | - Zhengang Chen
- Baodi Clinical Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 301800, China
| | - Guangshun Wang
- Baodi Clinical Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 301800, China
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18
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Giannandrea M, Parks WC. Diverse functions of matrix metalloproteinases during fibrosis. Dis Model Mech 2014; 7:193-203. [PMID: 24713275 PMCID: PMC3917240 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.012062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 357] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis--a debilitating condition that can occur in most organs - is characterized by excess deposition of a collagen-rich extracellular matrix (ECM). At first sight, the activities of proteinases that can degrade matrix, such as matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), might be expected to be under-expressed in fibrosis or, if present, could function to resolve the excess matrix. However, as we review here, some MMPs are indeed anti-fibrotic, whereas others can have pro-fibrotic functions. MMPs modulate a range of biological processes, especially processes related to immunity and tissue repair and/or remodeling. Although we do not yet know precisely how MMPs function during fibrosis--that is, the protein substrate or substrates that an individual MMP acts on to effect a specific process--experiments in mouse models demonstrate that MMP-dependent functions during fibrosis are not limited to effects on ECM turnover. Rather, data from diverse models indicate that these proteinases influence cellular activities as varied as proliferation and survival, gene expression, and multiple aspects of inflammation that, in turn, impact outcomes related to fibrosis.
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19
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Kisluk J, Ciborowski M, Niemira M, Kretowski A, Niklinski J. Proteomics biomarkers for non-small cell lung cancer. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2014; 101:40-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2014.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Revised: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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20
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Stawski L, Haines P, Fine A, Rudnicka L, Trojanowska M. MMP-12 deficiency attenuates angiotensin II-induced vascular injury, M2 macrophage accumulation, and skin and heart fibrosis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e109763. [PMID: 25302498 PMCID: PMC4193823 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0109763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
MMP-12, a macrophage-secreted elastase, is elevated in fibrotic diseases, including systemic sclerosis (SSc) and correlates with vasculopathy and fibrosis. The goal of this study was to investigate the role of MMP-12 in cardiac and cutaneous fibrosis induced by angiotensin II infusion. Ang II-induced heart and skin fibrosis was accompanied by a marked increase of vascular injury markers, including vWF, Thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) and MMP-12, as well as increased number of PDGFRβ+ cells. Furthermore Ang II infusion led to an accumulation of macrophages (Mac3+) in the skin and in the perivascular and interstitial fibrotic regions of the heart. However, alternatively activated (Arg 1+) macrophages were mainly present in the Ang II infused mice and were localized to the perivascular heart regions and to the skin, but were not detected in the interstitial heart regions. Elevated expression of MMP-12 was primarily found in macrophages and endothelial cells (CD31+) cells, but MMP-12 was not expressed in the collagen producing cells. MMP-12 deficient mice (MMP12KO) showed markedly reduced expression of vWF, TSP1, and PDGFRβ around vessels and attenuation of dermal fibrosis, as well as the perivascular fibrosis in the heart. However, MMP-12 deficiency did not affect interstitial heart fibrosis, suggesting a heterogeneous nature of the fibrotic response in the heart. Furthermore, MMP-12 deficiency almost completely prevented accumulation of Arg 1+ cells, whereas the number of Mac3+ cells was partially reduced. Moreover production of profibrotic mediators such as PDGFBB, TGFβ1 and pSMAD2 in the skin and perivascular regions of the heart was also inhibited. Together, the results of this study show a close correlation between vascular injury markers, Arg 1+ macrophage accumulation and fibrosis and suggest an important role of MMP-12 in regulating these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukasz Stawski
- Arthritis Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Paul Haines
- Arthritis Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Alan Fine
- Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Lidia Rudnicka
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Neuropeptides, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maria Trojanowska
- Arthritis Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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21
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Lenglet S, Montecucco F, Mach F, Schaller K, Gasche Y, Copin JC. Analysis of the expression of nine secreted matrix metalloproteinases and their endogenous inhibitors in the brain of mice subjected to ischaemic stroke. Thromb Haemost 2014; 112:363-78. [PMID: 24671655 DOI: 10.1160/th14-01-0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of more than twenty secreted and cell-surface endopeptidases. Among them, MMP2, MMP3 and MMP9 are involved in blood-brain barrier injury and neuronal death after cerebral ischaemia. On the other hand, very little is known about the expression of the other secreted MMPs. Herein, we compared the global changes in MMP1, MMP2, MMP3, MMP7, MMP8, MMP9, MMP10, MMP12 and MMP13, and their endogenous inhibitors TIMP1 and TIMP2, both at the mRNA and protein levels, during the hyperacute (6 h), acute (24 h) and subacute (72 h) stages following transient focal cerebral ischaemia and treatment with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA). We observed a significant increase in MMP1, MMP2, MMP9, MMP10, MMP13 and TIMP1 levels during the acute stage of reperfusion, which was further amplified during the subacute stage for MMP1, MMP2, MMP10 and TIMP1. In general, no change of MMP3, MMP7, MMP8, MMP12 and TIMP2 was observed. However, rtPA treatment induced a rapid increase in MMP1/TIMP2, MMP2/TIMP2, MMP8/TIMP2 and MMP9/TIMP2 ratios during the hyperacute stage of reperfusion compared to saline treatment, which may have potential implications in the early disruption of the blood-brain barrier after rtPA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - J-C Copin
- Jean-Christophe Copin, Division of Cardiology, Fondation for Medical Researches, Avenue de la Roseraie 64, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland, E-mail: ;
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22
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Kim MJ, Nepal S, Lee ES, Jeong TC, Kim SH, Park PH. Ethanol increases matrix metalloproteinase-12 expression via NADPH oxidase-dependent ROS production in macrophages. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2013; 273:77-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2013.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2013] [Revised: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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23
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Fujita K, Fukuda M, Iwahashi H. [Significance of comprehensive gene expression analysis for evaluation of biological effects of manufactured nanomaterials]. Nihon Eiseigaku Zasshi 2012; 67:390-5. [PMID: 22781013 DOI: 10.1265/jjh.67.390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The industrial applications of manufactured nanomaterials (MNs) are expected to be extended to next-generation devices. On the other hand, concern over the effects of MNs on human health has risen owing to advances in the development of nanotechnology. Indeed, little is known about the mechanism of action of MNs. The New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization of Japan (NEDO) launched a new research project entitled "Evaluating risks associated with manufactured nanomaterials (P10024)" in 2006. The project demonstrated no adverse effects of MN inhalation exposure on the rat lungs, as determined by histopathological examination and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid analysis. In parallel with this research, we have performed comparative gene expression analysis using DNA microarrays in rat lungs after inhalation exposure (4 weeks, 6 hours a day, 5 days a week) to single-wall nanotubes (SWCNTs), multiwall nanotubes (MWCNTs), C<inf>60</inf> fullerene and ultrafine nickel oxide particles (Uf-NiO) as reference materials for the purpose of gaining insights into the molecular events following the exposure. In this review, we introduce an outline of the project, and discuss about the significance of comparative gene expression analysis for evaluation of the biological effects of MNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhide Fujita
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Japan.
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24
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Flagothier J, Kaisin G, Mercier F, Thonon D, Teller N, Wouters J, Luxen A. Synthesis of two new alkyne-bearing linkers used for the preparation of siRNA for labeling by click chemistry with fluorine-18. Appl Radiat Isot 2012; 70:1549-57. [PMID: 22732389 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2012.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2012] [Revised: 03/26/2012] [Accepted: 04/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Oligonucleotides (ONs) and more particularly siRNAs are promising drugs but their pharmacokinetics and biodistribution are widely unknown. Positron Emission Tomography (PET) using fluorine-18 is a suitable technique to quantify these biological processes. Click chemistry (Huisgen cycloaddition) is the current method for labeling siRNA. In order to study the influence of a linker bearing by [(18)F] labeled ONs, on the in vivo pharmacokinetic and metabolism, we have developed two modified ONs by two new linkers. Here we report the synthesis of two alkyne-bearing linkers, the incorporation onto a ONs and the conjugation by click chemistry with a [(18)F] prosthetic group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Flagothier
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liege (ULg), 13 allée du 6 aout, B-4000 Liege (Sart-tilman), Belgium.
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25
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Reddel CJ, Weiss AS, Burgess JK. Elastin in asthma. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2012; 25:144-53. [PMID: 22366197 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2012.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2011] [Revised: 01/19/2012] [Accepted: 02/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix is generally increased in asthma, causing thickening of the airways which may either increase or decrease airway responsiveness, depending on the mechanical requirements of the deposited matrix. However, in vitro studies have shown that the altered extracellular matrix produced by asthmatic airway smooth muscle cells is able to induce increased proliferation of non-asthmatic smooth muscle cells, which is a process believed to contribute to airway hyper-responsiveness in asthma. Elastin is an extracellular matrix protein that is altered in asthmatic airways, but there has been no systematic investigation of the functional effect of these changes. This review reveals divergent reports of the state of elastin in the airway wall in asthma. In some layers of the airway it has been described as increased, decreased and/or fragmented, or unchanged. There is also considerable evidence for an imbalance of matrix metalloproteinases, which degrade elastin, and their respective inhibitors the tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases, which collectively help to explain observations of both increased elastin and elastin fragments. A loss of lung elastic recoil in asthma suggests a mechanical role for disordered elastin in the aetiology of the disease, but extensive studies of elastin in other tissues show that elastin fragments elicit cellular effects such as increased proliferation and inflammation. This review summarises the current understanding of the role of elastin in the asthmatic airway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline J Reddel
- School of Molecular Bioscience, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
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26
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Roche N, Devillier P, Aguilaniu B, Escamilla R, Wallaert B, Burgel PR, Berger P, Brillet PY, Chambellan A, Chanez P, Chaouat A, Louis R, Mal H, Marthan R, Muir JF, Pérez T, Similowski T, Aubier M. BPCO et inflammation : mise au point d’un groupe d’experts. Comment traiter l’inflammation ? Rev Mal Respir 2011; 28:427-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rmr.2010.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2010] [Accepted: 08/27/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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27
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Jiang X. The emerging role of microRNAs in asthma. Mol Cell Biochem 2011; 353:35-40. [PMID: 21380724 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-011-0771-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2010] [Accepted: 02/24/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is a common chronic airways disease that worldwide affects people from all ethnic backgrounds. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs of 18-25 nucleotides that have been shown to regulate gene expression via the RNA interference pathway and found to play fundamental roles in diverse biological and pathological processes. Intriguingly, changes in the expression of several miRNAs are associated with development of asthma. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the role of miRNAs in asthma to both better understand the pathogenesis of this disease and aid in the formulation of more effective therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Jiang
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China.
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28
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Mercier F, Paris J, Kaisin G, Thonon D, Flagothier J, Teller N, Lemaire C, Luxen A. General method for labeling siRNA by click chemistry with fluorine-18 for the purpose of PET imaging. Bioconjug Chem 2010; 22:108-14. [PMID: 21174402 DOI: 10.1021/bc100263y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The alkyne-azide Cu(I)-catalyzed Huisgen cycloaddition, a click-type reaction, was used to label a double-stranded oligonucleotide (siRNA) with fluorine-18. An alkyne solid support CPG for the preparation of monostranded oligonucleotides functionalized with alkyne has been developed. Two complementary azide labeling agents (1-(azidomethyl)-4-[(18)F]fluorobenzene) and 1-azido-4-(3-[(18)F]fluoropropoxy)benzene have been produced with 41% and 35% radiochemical yields (decay-corrected), respectively. After annealing with the complementary strand, the siRNA was directly labeled by click chemistry with [(18)F]fluoroazide to produce the [(18)F]-radiolabeled siRNA with excellent radiochemical yield and purity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Mercier
- Cyclotron Research Center, Université de Liège, Sart-Tilman B.30, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
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29
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30
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Manetti M, Ibba-Manneschi L, Fatini C, Guiducci S, Cuomo G, Bonino C, Bazzichi L, Liakouli V, Giacomelli R, Abbate R, Bombardieri S, Montecucco C, Valentini G, Matucci-Cerinic M. Association of a functional polymorphism in the matrix metalloproteinase-12 promoter region with systemic sclerosis in an Italian population. J Rheumatol 2010; 37:1852-7. [PMID: 20595276 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.100237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the possible implication of the matrix metalloproteinase-12 (MMP-12) gene in the genetic predisposition to systemic sclerosis (SSc) susceptibility and clinical phenotype. METHODS The MMP-12 rs2276109 A/G functional polymorphism was selected as a genetic marker and genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism assay in 513 unrelated subjects of Italian white ancestry: 250 patients with SSc [146 limited cutaneous SSc (lcSSc), 104 diffuse cutaneous SSc (dcSSc)] and 263 healthy individuals. RESULTS A significant difference was observed in MMP-12 rs2276109 genotype distribution between patients with SSc and controls (p = 0.0003), and between lcSSc and dcSSc (p = 0.003). The A allele frequency was significantly higher in patients with SSc than in controls (p = 0.0002), and higher in dcSSc than in lcSSc (p = 0.003). After adjustment for age and sex, the homozygosity for the A allele significantly influenced the predisposition to SSc and to dcSSc (OR 2.44, 95% CI 1.61-3.71, p < 0.0001; OR 4.69, 95% CI 2.36-9.33, p < 0.0001, respectively). A trend toward an association between the AA genotype and lcSSc was observed (p = 0.06). The homozygosity for the A allele was also significantly and independently associated with antitopoisomerase I antibody positivity (OR 6.39, 95% CI 2.18-18.76, p = 0.001) and interstitial lung disease (OR 2.94, 95% CI 1.25-6.95, p = 0.01). CONCLUSION The MMP-12 rs2276109 gene polymorphism may contribute to susceptibility to SSc, and in particular to dcSSc and pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirko Manetti
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Forensic Medicine, University of Florence, Viale G.B. Morgagni 85, I-50134, Florence, Italy.
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31
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On the identification of biomarkers for non-small cell lung cancer in serum and pleural effusion. J Proteomics 2010; 73:1511-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2010.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2009] [Revised: 03/01/2010] [Accepted: 03/04/2010] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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32
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Yu Y, Chiba Y, Sakai H, Misawa M. Possible involvements of nuclear factor-kappa B and activator protein-1 in the tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced upregulation of matrix metalloproteinase-12 in human alveolar epithelial A549 cell line. J Pharmacol Sci 2010; 112:83-8. [PMID: 20051654 DOI: 10.1254/jphs.09268fp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase-12 (MMP-12) has been suggested to play an important role in airway inflammatory diseases. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) is known to cause an upregulation of MMP-12 via an activation of activator protein-1 (AP-1) in monocytes. In the present study, we investigated the effect of TNF-alpha on the expressions of MMP-12 in airway epithelial cells, one of the sources of MMP-12 in the airway, and its underlying mechanism. MMP-12 mRNA and protein expressions induced by TNF-alpha in the absence or presence of BMS-345541 (a selective IkappaB kinase inhibitor) or SP600125 [a selective c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitor] were measured by quantitative real-time PCR and Western blotting, respectively. Furthermore, siRNAs for p65 and JNK2 were used to confirm the involvements of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) and AP-1 in the MMP-12 mRNA expression induced by TNF-alpha in A549 cells. Both MMP-12 mRNA and protein were upregulated by the treatment with TNF-alpha in time- and concentration-dependent manners. Both BMS-345541 and SP600125 inhibited the upregulation of MMP-12 induced by TNF-alpha. Furthermore, both the depletion of p65 and JNK2 by siRNAs significantly attenuated the upregulation of MMP-12 induced by TNF-alpha. These findings suggest that both NF-kappaB and JNK / AP-1 pathways are important for the MMP-12 upregulation induced by TNF-alpha in A549 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingyan Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Hoshi University, Japan
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Li W, Li J, Wu Y, Rancati F, Vallese S, Raveglia L, Wu J, Hotchandani R, Fuller N, Cunningham K, Morgan P, Fish S, Krykbaev R, Xu X, Tam S, Goldman SJ, Abraham W, Williams C, Sypek J, Mansour TS. Identification of an orally efficacious matrix metalloprotease 12 inhibitor for potential treatment of asthma. J Med Chem 2009; 52:5408-19. [PMID: 19725580 DOI: 10.1021/jm900809r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
MMP-12 plays a significant role in airway inflammation and remodeling. Increased expression and production of MMP-12 have been observed in the lungs of asthmatic patients. Compound 27 was identified as a potent and selective MMP-12 inhibitor possessing good physicochemical properties. In pharmacological studies, the compound was orally efficacious in an MMP-12 induced ear-swelling inflammation model in the mouse with a good dose response. This compound also exhibited oral efficacy in a naturally Ascaris-sensitized sheep asthma model showing significant inhibition of the late phase response to allergen challenge. This compound has been considered for further development as a treatment therapy for asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Chemical Sciences, Wyeth Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02140, USA.
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