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Ma W, Wei L, Jin L, Ma Q, Zhang T, Zhao Y, Hua J, Zhang Y, Wei W, Ding N, Wang J, He J. YAP/Aurora A-mediated ciliogenesis regulates ionizing radiation-induced senescence via Hedgehog pathway in tumor cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167062. [PMID: 38342416 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Primary cilia are antenna-like organelles that play critical roles in sensing and responding to various signals. Nevertheless, the function of primary cilia in cellular response to ionizing radiation (IR) in tumor cells remains unclear. Here, we show that primary cilia are frequently expressed in tumor cells and tissues. Notably, IR promotes cilia formation and elongation in time- and dose-dependent manners. Mechanistic study shows that the suppression of YAP/Aurora A pathway contributes to IR-induced ciliogenesis, which is diminished by Aurora A overexpression. The ciliated tumor cells undergo senescence but not apoptosis in response to IR and the abrogation of cilia formation is sufficient to elevate the lethal effect of IR. Furthermore, we show that IR-induced ciliogenesis leads to the activation of Hedgehog signaling pathway to drive senescence and resist apoptosis, and its blockage enhances cellular radiosensitivity by switching senescence to apoptosis. In summary, this work shows evidence of primary cilia in coordinating cellular response to IR in tumor cells, which may help to supply a novel sensitizing target to improve the outcome of radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ma
- Key Laboratory of Space Radiobiology of Gansu Province & CAS Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 73000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Li Wei
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Gastrointestinal Tumor & Gansu Provincial Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Liangliang Jin
- Department of Pathology, The 940th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support force of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Qinglong Ma
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Tongshan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Space Radiobiology of Gansu Province & CAS Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 73000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yanfei Zhao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Junrui Hua
- Key Laboratory of Space Radiobiology of Gansu Province & CAS Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 73000, China
| | - Yanan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Space Radiobiology of Gansu Province & CAS Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 73000, China
| | - Wenjun Wei
- Key Laboratory of Space Radiobiology of Gansu Province & CAS Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 73000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Nan Ding
- Key Laboratory of Space Radiobiology of Gansu Province & CAS Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 73000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jufang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Space Radiobiology of Gansu Province & CAS Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 73000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Jinpeng He
- Key Laboratory of Space Radiobiology of Gansu Province & CAS Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 73000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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Kern J, Schilling D, Schneeweis C, Schmid RM, Schneider G, Combs SE, Dobiasch S. Identification of the unfolded protein response pathway as target for radiosensitization in pancreatic cancer. Radiother Oncol 2024; 191:110059. [PMID: 38135186 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2023.110059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Due to the high intrinsic radioresistance of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), radiotherapy (RT) is only beneficial in 30% of patients. Therefore, this study aimed to identify targets to improve the efficacy of RT in PDAC. MATERIALS AND METHODS Alamar Blue proliferation and colony formation assay (CFA) were used to determine the radioresponse of a cohort of 38 murine PDAC cell lines. A gene set enrichment analysis was performed to reveal differentially expressed pathways. CFA, cell cycle distribution, γH2AX FACS analysis, and Caspase 3/7 SYTOX assay were used to examine the effect of a combination treatment using KIRA8 as an IRE1α-inhibitor and Ceapin-A7 as an inhibitor against ATF6. RESULTS The unfolded protein response (UPR) was identified as a pathway highly expressed in radioresistant cell lines. Using the IRE1α-inhibitor KIRA8 or the ATF6-inhibitor Ceapin-A7 in combination with radiation, a radiosensitizing effect was observed in radioresistant cell lines, but no substantial alteration of the radioresponse in radiosensitive cell lines. Mechanistically, increased apoptosis by KIRA8 in combination with radiation and a cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase after ATF6 inhibition and radiation have been observed in radioresistant cell lines. CONCLUSION So, our data show evidence that the UPR is involved in radioresistance of PDAC. Increased apoptosis and a G1 cell cycle arrest seem to be responsible for the radiosensitizing effect of UPR inhibition. These findings are supportive for developing novel combination treatment concepts in PDAC to overcome radioresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Kern
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Daniela Schilling
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany; Institute of Radiation Medicine (IRM), Department of Radiation Sciences, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christian Schneeweis
- Department of Medicine II, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Roland M Schmid
- Department of Medicine II, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Günter Schneider
- Department of Medicine II, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany; Department of General Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stephanie E Combs
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany; Institute of Radiation Medicine (IRM), Department of Radiation Sciences, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Neuherberg, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sophie Dobiasch
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany; Institute of Radiation Medicine (IRM), Department of Radiation Sciences, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Neuherberg, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany.
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Le Reun E, Granzotto A, Pêtre A, Bodgi L, Beldjoudi G, Lacornerie T, Vallet V, Bouchet A, Al-Choboq J, Bourguignon M, Thariat J, Bourhis J, Lartigau E, Foray N. Influence of the Hypersensitivity to Low Dose Phenomenon on the Tumor Response to Hypofractionated Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3979. [PMID: 37568795 PMCID: PMC10416967 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15153979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) has made the hypofractionation of high doses delivered in a few sessions more acceptable. While the benefits of hypofractionated SBRT have been attributed to additional vascular, immune effects, or specific cell deaths, a radiobiological and mechanistic model is still needed. By considering each session of SBRT, the dose is divided into hundreds of minibeams delivering some fractions of Gy. In such a dose range, the hypersensitivity to low dose (HRS) phenomenon can occur. HRS produces a biological effect equivalent to that produced by a dose 5-to-10 times higher. To examine whether HRS could contribute to enhancing radiation effects under SBRT conditions, we exposed tumor cells of different HRS statuses to SBRT. Four human HRS-positive and two HRS-negative tumor cell lines were exposed to different dose delivery modes: a single dose of 0.2 Gy, 2 Gy, 10 × 0.2 Gy, and a single dose of 2 Gy using a non-coplanar isocentric minibeams irradiation mode were delivered. Anti-γH2AX immunofluorescence, assessing DNA double-strand breaks (DSB), was applied. In the HRS-positive cells, the DSB produced by 10 × 0.2 Gy and 2 Gy, delivered by tens of minibeams, appeared to be more severe, and they provided more highly damaged cells than in the HRS-negative cells, suggesting that more severe DSB are induced in the "SBRT modes" conditions when HRS occurs in tumor. Each SBRT session can be viewed as hyperfractionated dose delivery by means of hundreds of low dose minibeams. Under current SBRT conditions (i.e., low dose per minibeam and not using ultra-high dose-rate), the response of HRS-positive tumors to SBRT may be enhanced significantly. Interestingly, similar conclusions were reached with HRS-positive and HRS-negative untransformed fibroblast cell lines, suggesting that the HRS phenomenon may also impact the risk of post-RT tissue overreactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eymeric Le Reun
- U1296 Unit, “Radiation: Defense, Health and Environment”, Centre Léon-Bérard, Inserm, 28 Rue Laennec, 69008 Lyon, France; (E.L.R.); (A.G.); (A.P.); (A.B.); (J.A.-C.); (M.B.)
- Service de Radio-Oncologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), 46 Rue du Bugnon, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; (V.V.); (J.B.)
| | - Adeline Granzotto
- U1296 Unit, “Radiation: Defense, Health and Environment”, Centre Léon-Bérard, Inserm, 28 Rue Laennec, 69008 Lyon, France; (E.L.R.); (A.G.); (A.P.); (A.B.); (J.A.-C.); (M.B.)
| | - Adeline Pêtre
- U1296 Unit, “Radiation: Defense, Health and Environment”, Centre Léon-Bérard, Inserm, 28 Rue Laennec, 69008 Lyon, France; (E.L.R.); (A.G.); (A.P.); (A.B.); (J.A.-C.); (M.B.)
- Département de Radiothérapie, Centre Léon-Bérard, 28 Rue Laennec, 69008 Lyon, France;
| | - Larry Bodgi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Riad El-Solh, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon;
| | - Guillaume Beldjoudi
- Département de Radiothérapie, Centre Léon-Bérard, 28 Rue Laennec, 69008 Lyon, France;
| | - Thomas Lacornerie
- Département de Radiothérapie, Centre Oscar-Lambret, 3 Rue Frédéric Combemale, 59000 Lille, France; (T.L.); (E.L.)
| | - Véronique Vallet
- Service de Radio-Oncologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), 46 Rue du Bugnon, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; (V.V.); (J.B.)
| | - Audrey Bouchet
- U1296 Unit, “Radiation: Defense, Health and Environment”, Centre Léon-Bérard, Inserm, 28 Rue Laennec, 69008 Lyon, France; (E.L.R.); (A.G.); (A.P.); (A.B.); (J.A.-C.); (M.B.)
| | - Joëlle Al-Choboq
- U1296 Unit, “Radiation: Defense, Health and Environment”, Centre Léon-Bérard, Inserm, 28 Rue Laennec, 69008 Lyon, France; (E.L.R.); (A.G.); (A.P.); (A.B.); (J.A.-C.); (M.B.)
| | - Michel Bourguignon
- U1296 Unit, “Radiation: Defense, Health and Environment”, Centre Léon-Bérard, Inserm, 28 Rue Laennec, 69008 Lyon, France; (E.L.R.); (A.G.); (A.P.); (A.B.); (J.A.-C.); (M.B.)
- Département de Biophysique et Médecine Nucléaire, Université Paris Saclay, Versailles St. Quentin en Yvelines, 78035 Versailles, France
| | - Juliette Thariat
- Département de Radiothérapie, Centre François-Baclesse, 3 Avenue du Général Harris, 14076 Caen, France;
| | - Jean Bourhis
- Service de Radio-Oncologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), 46 Rue du Bugnon, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; (V.V.); (J.B.)
| | - Eric Lartigau
- Département de Radiothérapie, Centre Oscar-Lambret, 3 Rue Frédéric Combemale, 59000 Lille, France; (T.L.); (E.L.)
| | - Nicolas Foray
- U1296 Unit, “Radiation: Defense, Health and Environment”, Centre Léon-Bérard, Inserm, 28 Rue Laennec, 69008 Lyon, France; (E.L.R.); (A.G.); (A.P.); (A.B.); (J.A.-C.); (M.B.)
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Delbart W, Karabet J, Marin G, Penninckx S, Derrien J, Ghanem GE, Flamen P, Wimana Z. Understanding the Radiobiological Mechanisms Induced by 177Lu-DOTATATE in Comparison to External Beam Radiation Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012369. [PMID: 36293222 PMCID: PMC9604190 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Radionuclide Therapy (RNT) with 177Lu-DOTATATE targeting somatostatin receptors (SSTRs) in neuroendocrine tumours (NET) has been successfully used in routine clinical practice, mainly leading to stable disease. Radiobiology holds promise for RNT improvement but is often extrapolated from external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) studies despite differences in these two radiation-based treatment modalities. In a panel of six human cancer cell lines expressing SSTRs, common radiobiological endpoints (i.e., cell survival, cell cycle, cell death, oxidative stress and DNA damage) were evaluated over time in 177Lu-DOTATATE- and EBRT-treated cells, as well as the radiosensitizing potential of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibition (PARPi). Our study showed that common radiobiological mechanisms were induced by both 177Lu-DOTATATE and EBRT, but to a different extent and/or with variable kinetics, including in the DNA damage response. A higher radiosensitizing potential of PARPi was observed for EBRT compared to 177Lu-DOTATATE. Our data reinforce the need for dedicated RNT radiobiology studies, in order to derive its maximum therapeutic benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Delbart
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1070 Brussels, Belgium
- Laboratory of Oncology and Experimental Surgery, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1070 Brussels, Belgium
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +32-2-541-30-05
| | - Jirair Karabet
- Medical Physics Department, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Gwennaëlle Marin
- Medical Physics Department, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sébastien Penninckx
- Medical Physics Department, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jonathan Derrien
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et Des Radiations, Institut Supérieur Industriel de Bruxelles (ISIB), 1000 Brussels, Belgium
- NEMP Applied Research Lab, Institut de Recherche de l’Institut Supérieur Industriel de Bruxelles (IRISIB), 1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ghanem E. Ghanem
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1070 Brussels, Belgium
- Laboratory of Oncology and Experimental Surgery, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Patrick Flamen
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Zéna Wimana
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1070 Brussels, Belgium
- Laboratory of Oncology and Experimental Surgery, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1070 Brussels, Belgium
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Delbart W, Ghanem GE, Karfis I, Flamen P, Wimana Z. Investigating intrinsic radiosensitivity biomarkers to peptide receptor radionuclide therapy with [ 177Lu]Lu-DOTATATE in a panel of cancer cell lines. Nucl Med Biol 2021; 96-97:68-79. [PMID: 33839677 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2021.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION [177Lu]Lu-DOTATATE is an effective systemic targeted radionuclide therapy for somatostatin receptor (SSTR) positive metastatic or inoperable neuroendocrine tumours (NET). However, for a given injected activity, tumour responses are variable. Our aim was to investigate whether SSTR expression/functionality and known characteristics of intrinsic radiosensitivity, namely proliferation rate, glucose metabolism, cell cycle phase, DNA repair and antioxidant defences were predictors of sensitivity to [177Lu]Lu-DOTATATE in SSTR expressing human cancer cell lines. METHODS In six human cancer cell lines and under basal condition, SSTR expression was assessed by qRT-PCR and immunocytochemistry. Its functionality was evaluated by binding/uptake assays with [68Ga]Ga- and [177Lu]Lu-DOTATATE. The radiosensitivity parameters were evaluated as follows: proliferation rate (cell counting), glucose metabolism ([18F]FDG uptake), antioxidant defences (qRT-PCR, colorimetric assay, flow cytometry), DNA repair (qRT-PCR) and cell cycle (flow cytometry). Effect of [177Lu]Lu-DOTATATE on cell viability was assessed 3, 7 and 10 days after 4 h incubation with [177Lu]Lu-DOTATATE using crystal violet. RESULTS Based on cell survival at day 10, cell lines were classified into two groups of sensitivity to [177Lu]Lu-DOTATATE. One group with <20% of survival decrease (-14 to -1%) and one group with >20% of survival decrease (-22 to -33%) compared to the untreated control cell lines. The latter had significantly lower total antioxidant capacity, glutathione (GSH) levels and glucose metabolism (p < 0.05) compared to the first group. SSTR (p = 0.64), proliferation rate (p = 0.74), cell cycle phase (p = 0.55), DNA repair (p > 0.22), combined catalase and GSH peroxidase expression (p = 0.42) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity (p = 0.41) were not significantly different between the two groups. CONCLUSION Antioxidant defences may be major determinants in [177Lu]Lu-DOTATATE radiosensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Delbart
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium; Laboratory of Oncology and Experimental Surgery, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Ghanem E Ghanem
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium; Laboratory of Oncology and Experimental Surgery, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Ioannis Karfis
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Patrick Flamen
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Zéna Wimana
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium; Laboratory of Oncology and Experimental Surgery, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.
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Kuntz L, Noel G. [Pelvic irradiation and hematopoietic toxicity: A review of the literature]. Cancer Radiother 2020; 25:77-91. [PMID: 33358082 DOI: 10.1016/j.canrad.2020.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Pelvic bone marrow is the site of nearly 50% of total hematopoiesis. Radiation therapy of pelvic lymph node areas, and cancers located near the bony structures of the pelvis, exposes to hematological toxicity in the range of 30 to 70%. This toxicity depends on many factors, including the presence or absence of concomitant chemotherapy and its type, the volume of irradiated bone, the received doses, or the initial hematopoietic reserve. Intensity modulated radiation therapy allows the optimisation of dose deposit on at risk organs while providing optimal coverage of target volumes. However, this suggests that dose constraints should be known precisely to limit the incidence of radiation side effects. This literature review focuses firstly on pelvic lymph node areas and bony volumes nearby, then on the effects of irradiation on bone marrow and the current dosimetric constraints resulting from it, and finally on hematological toxicities by carcinologic location and progress in reducing these toxicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Kuntz
- Département de radiothérapie, institut de cancérologie Strasbourg Europe (ICANS), 17, rue Albert-Calmette, 67200 Strasbourg, France
| | - G Noel
- Département de radiothérapie, institut de cancérologie Strasbourg Europe (ICANS), 17, rue Albert-Calmette, 67200 Strasbourg, France.
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Khalifa J, Fléchon A, Chevreau C. Brain metastases from germ cell tumor: time to reconsider radiotherapy? Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2020; 150:102946. [PMID: 32353705 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2020.102946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of brain metastases (BMs) from germ cell tumor (GCT) remains a rare situation. BMs predominantly occur among patients with testis primary tumor site, and are almost exclusively associated with non-seminomatous (NS) histologies. Two situations must be distinguished, which differ in terms of clinical presentation, overall prognostic and management. At diagnosis, BMs are almost systematically associated with extra-cerebral metastases and the cornerstone of treatment is chemotherapy, while the role of local treatment remains controversial. In the metachronous setting, BMs more frequently constitute an isolated site of relapse, the outcome is poorer, and the role of local treatment is more consensual. However, all these data widely come from old reports, with outdated radiation techniques. The recent advances in radiation oncology, especially the rising use of stereotactic radiotherapy, could lead to the reconsideration of ancient dogmas regarding the "radiosensitivity" of (NS)GCT and the role of radiotherapy among patients with BMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Khalifa
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Institut Claudius Regaud / Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse - Oncopole, 1 avenue Irène Joliot-Curie, 31000, Toulouse, France.
| | - Aude Fléchon
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Léon-Bérard, 28 rue Laennec, 69008, Lyon, France.
| | - Christine Chevreau
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Claudius Regaud / Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse - Oncopole, 1 avenue Irène Joliot-Curie, 31000, Toulouse, France.
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8
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Ferlazzo M, Berthel E, Granzotto A, Devic C, Sonzogni L, Bachelet JT, Pereira S, Bourguignon M, Sarasin A, Mezzina M, Foray N. Some mutations in the xeroderma pigmentosum D gene may lead to moderate but significant radiosensitivity associated with a delayed radiation-induced ATM nuclear localization. Int J Radiat Biol 2019; 96:394-410. [PMID: 31738647 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2020.1694189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: Xeroderma Pigmentosum (XP) is a rare, recessive genetic disease associated with photosensitivity, skin cancer proneness, neurological abnormalities and impaired nucleotide excision repair of the UV-induced DNA damage. Less frequently, XP can be associated with sensitivity to ionizing radiation (IR). Here, a complete radiobiological characterization was performed on a panel of fibroblasts derived from XP-group D patients (XPD).Materials and methods: Cellular radiosensitivity and the functionality of the recognition and repair of chromosome breaks and DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) was evaluated by different techniques including clonogenic cell survival, micronuclei, premature chromosome condensation, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, chromatin decondensation and immunofluorescence assays. Quantitative correlations between each endpoint were analyzed systematically.Results: Among the seven fibroblast cell lines tested, those derived from three non-relative patients holding the p.[Arg683Trp];[Arg616Pro] XPD mutations showed significant cellular radiosensitivity, high yield of residual micronuclei, incomplete DSB recognition, DSB and chromosome repair defects, impaired ATM, MRE11 relocalization, significant chromatin decondensation. Interestingly, XPD transduction and treatment with statins and bisphosphonates known to accelerate the radiation-induced ATM nucleoshuttling led to significant complementation of these impairments.Conclusions: Our findings suggest that some subsets of XPD patients may be at risk of radiosensitivity reactions and treatment with statins and bisphosphonates may be an interesting approach of radioprotection countermeasure. Different mechanistic models were discussed to better understand the potential specificity of the p.[Arg683Trp];[Arg616Pro] XPD mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Ferlazzo
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UA8 Unit, "Radiations: Defense, Health and Environment" Centre Léon-Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Elise Berthel
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UA8 Unit, "Radiations: Defense, Health and Environment" Centre Léon-Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Adeline Granzotto
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UA8 Unit, "Radiations: Defense, Health and Environment" Centre Léon-Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Clément Devic
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UA8 Unit, "Radiations: Defense, Health and Environment" Centre Léon-Bérard, Lyon, France.,Fibermetrix, Entzheim, France
| | - Laurène Sonzogni
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UA8 Unit, "Radiations: Defense, Health and Environment" Centre Léon-Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Jean-Thomas Bachelet
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UA8 Unit, "Radiations: Defense, Health and Environment" Centre Léon-Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Sandrine Pereira
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UA8 Unit, "Radiations: Defense, Health and Environment" Centre Léon-Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Michel Bourguignon
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UA8 Unit, "Radiations: Defense, Health and Environment" Centre Léon-Bérard, Lyon, France.,Faculté de Médecine Simone-Veil, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
| | - Alain Sarasin
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 8200, Institut Gustave-Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Mauro Mezzina
- European Association for Scientific Career Orientation, Paray-Vieille-Poste, France
| | - Nicolas Foray
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UA8 Unit, "Radiations: Defense, Health and Environment" Centre Léon-Bérard, Lyon, France
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Meillan N, Vernerey D, Lefèvre JH, Manceau G, Svrcek M, Augustin J, Fléjou JF, Lascols O, Simon JM, Cohen R, Maingon P, Bachet JB, Huguet F. Mismatch Repair System Deficiency Is Associated With Response to Neoadjuvant Chemoradiation in Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2019; 105:824-833. [PMID: 31404579 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2019.07.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Defective mismatch repair system (dMMR) has been shown to have a favorable impact on outcome in patients with colorectal cancer treated with surgery or immunotherapy, with adjuvant chemotherapy being discouraged unless there is nodal involvement. Its impact on radiosensitivity is unknown in patients with colorectal cancer. METHODS AND MATERIALS Patients treated for locally advanced rectal cancer between 2000 and 2016 were studied. Reported points included age, sex, clinical and radiologic tumor stages at diagnosis, modalities of neoadjuvant treatment, posttreatment pathologic staging, tumor regression score, and local, distant relapse-free, and overall survival. An inverse probability of treatment weighting propensity score analysis was performed to evaluate the association of mismatch repair proficiency with surgical and clinical outcomes. RESULTS Among the 296 patients included, 23 (7.8%) had dMMR. Median follow-up was 43.0 months (interquartile range, 27.9-66.7). Patients with dMMR were significantly younger than the others. After inverse probability of treatment weighting propensity score matching, dMMR patients had higher pathologic downstaging rate (P < .0001), higher tumor regression grade (P = .024), and a longer recurrence-free survival (P < .0001). CONCLUSIONS dMRR was associated with significant tumor downstaging after neoadjuvant chemoradiation and with increased recurrence-free survival. dMMR patients may have more radiosensitive tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Meillan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tenon Hospital, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Est, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Dewi Vernerey
- Methodology and Quality of Life Unit in Oncology, University Hospital of Besançon, Besançon, France
| | - Jérémie H Lefèvre
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Saint-Antoine Hospital, APHP, Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Gilles Manceau
- Sorbonne Université, Paris, France; Department of Digestive and Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Magali Svrcek
- Sorbonne Université, Paris, France; Department of Pathology, Saint-Antoine Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Jeremy Augustin
- Department of Pathology, Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Jean-François Fléjou
- Sorbonne Université, Paris, France; Department of Pathology, Saint-Antoine Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Lascols
- Department of Biology and Molecular Genetics, Saint-Antoine Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Marc Simon
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Romain Cohen
- Sorbonne Université, Paris, France; Department of Medical Oncology, Saint-Antoine Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Maingon
- Sorbonne Université, Paris, France; Department of Radiation Oncology, Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Bachet
- Sorbonne Université, Paris, France; Department of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Florence Huguet
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tenon Hospital, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Est, APHP, Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.
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10
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Lyu X, Zhang M, Li G, Cai Y, Li G, Qiao Q. Interleukin-6 production mediated by the IRE1-XBP1 pathway confers radioresistance in human papillomavirus-negative oropharyngeal carcinoma. Cancer Sci 2019; 110:2471-2484. [PMID: 31187548 PMCID: PMC6676107 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) plays a key role in the pathogenesis and development of tumors and protects tumor cells from radiation damage and drug-induced stress. We previously demonstrated that EGFR confers radioresistance in human papillomavirus (HPV)-negative human oropharyngeal carcinoma by activating ERS signaling through PERK and IRE1α. In addition, PERK confers radioresistance by activating the inflammatory cytokine NF-κB. However, the effect of IRE1 on radiosensitivity has not yet been fully elucidated. Here, we clarified that IRE1 overexpression was associated with poor outcome in HPV-negative patients treated with radiotherapy (P = 0.0001). In addition, a significantly higher percentage of radioresistant HPV-negative patients than radiosensitive HPV-negative patients exhibited high IRE expression (66.7% vs 27.8%, respectively; P = 0.001). Silencing IRE1 and XBP1 increased DNA double-strand break (DSB) and radiation-induced apoptosis, thereby increasing the radiosensitivity of HPV-negative oropharyngeal carcinoma cells. IRE1-XBP1 silencing also inhibited radiation-induced IL-6 expression at both the RNA and protein levels. The regulatory effect of IRE1-XBP1 silencing on DNA DSB-induced and radiation-induced apoptosis was inhibited by pretreatment with IL-6. These data indicate that IRE1 regulates radioresistance in HPV-negative oropharyngeal carcinoma through IL-6 activation, enhancing X-ray-induced DNA DSB and cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xintong Lyu
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Miao Zhang
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Guangqi Li
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yiru Cai
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Guang Li
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Qiao Qiao
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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11
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Berthel E, Foray N, Ferlazzo ML. The Nucleoshuttling of the ATM Protein: A Unified Model to Describe the Individual Response to High- and Low-Dose of Radiation? Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11070905. [PMID: 31261657 PMCID: PMC6678722 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11070905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The evaluation of radiation-induced (RI) risks is of medical, scientific, and societal interest. However, despite considerable efforts, there is neither consensual mechanistic models nor predictive assays for describing the three major RI effects, namely radiosensitivity, radiosusceptibility, and radiodegeneration. Interestingly, the ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) protein is a major stress response factor involved in the DNA repair and signaling that appears upstream most of pathways involved in the three precited RI effects. The rate of the RI ATM nucleoshuttling (RIANS) was shown to be a good predictor of radiosensitivity. In the frame of the RIANS model, irradiation triggers the monomerization of cytoplasmic ATM dimers, which allows ATM monomers to diffuse in nucleus. The nuclear ATM monomers phosphorylate the H2AX histones, which triggers the recognition of DNA double-strand breaks and their repair. The RIANS model has made it possible to define three subgroups of radiosensitivity and provided a relevant explanation for the radiosensitivity observed in syndromes caused by mutated cytoplasmic proteins. Interestingly, hyper-radiosensitivity to a low dose and adaptive response phenomena may be also explained by the RIANS model. In this review, the relevance of the RIANS model to describe several features of the individual response to radiation was discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Berthel
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UA8, Radiations: Defense, Health and Environment, Centre Léon-Bérard, 28, rue Laennec, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Nicolas Foray
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UA8, Radiations: Defense, Health and Environment, Centre Léon-Bérard, 28, rue Laennec, 69008 Lyon, France.
| | - Mélanie L Ferlazzo
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UA8, Radiations: Defense, Health and Environment, Centre Léon-Bérard, 28, rue Laennec, 69008 Lyon, France
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12
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Foy JP, Bazire L, Ortiz-Cuaran S, Deneuve S, Kielbassa J, Thomas E, Viari A, Puisieux A, Goudot P, Bertolus C, Foray N, Kirova Y, Verrelle P, Saintigny P. A 13-gene expression-based radioresistance score highlights the heterogeneity in the response to radiation therapy across HPV-negative HNSCC molecular subtypes. BMC Med 2017; 15:165. [PMID: 28859688 PMCID: PMC5580222 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-017-0929-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiotherapy for head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) is associated with a substantial morbidity and inconsistent efficacy. Human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive status is recognized as a marker of increased radiosensitivity. Our goal was to identify molecular markers associated with benefit to radiotherapy in patients with HPV-negative disease. METHODS Gene expression profiles from public repositories were downloaded for data mining. Training sets included 421 HPV-negative HNSCC tumors from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and 32 HNSCC cell lines with available radiosensitivity data (GSE79368). A radioresistance (RadR) score was computed using the single sample Gene Set Enrichment Analysis tool. The validation sets included two panels of cell lines (NCI-60 and GSE21644) and HPV-negative HNSCC tumor datasets, including 44 (GSE6631), 82 (GSE39366), and 179 (GSE65858) patients, respectively. We finally performed an integrated analysis of the RadR score with known recurrent genomic alterations in HNSCC, patterns of protein expression, biological hallmarks, and patterns of drug sensitivity using TCGA and the E-MTAB-3610 dataset (659 pancancer cell lines, 140 drugs). RESULTS We identified 13 genes differentially expressed between tumor and normal head and neck mucosa that were associated with radioresistance in vitro and in patients. The 13-gene expression-based RadR score was associated with recurrence in patients treated with surgery and adjuvant radiotherapy but not with surgery alone. It was significantly different among different molecular subtypes of HPV-negative HNSCC and was significantly lower in the "atypical" molecular subtype. An integrated analysis of RadR score with genomic alterations, protein expression, biological hallmarks and patterns of drug sensitivity showed a significant association with CCND1 amplification, fibronectin expression, seven hallmarks (including epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and unfolded protein response), and increased sensitivity to elesclomol, an HSP90 inhibitor. CONCLUSIONS Our study highlights the clinical relevance of the molecular classification of HNSCC and the RadR score to refine radiation strategies in HPV-negative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Philippe Foy
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de recherche en cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, F-69008, France.,Department of Translational Research and Innovation, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, F-69008, France.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Pierre Marie Curie-Paris 6, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, F-75013, France
| | - Louis Bazire
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Institut Curie, Paris, F-75005, France
| | - Sandra Ortiz-Cuaran
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de recherche en cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, F-69008, France.,Department of Translational Research and Innovation, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, F-69008, France
| | - Sophie Deneuve
- Department of Translational Research and Innovation, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, F-69008, France.,Department of Surgery, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, F-69008, France
| | - Janice Kielbassa
- Platform of Bioninformatics-Gilles Thomas, Synergie Lyon Cancer, Lyon, F-69008, France
| | - Emilie Thomas
- Platform of Bioninformatics-Gilles Thomas, Synergie Lyon Cancer, Lyon, F-69008, France
| | - Alain Viari
- Platform of Bioninformatics-Gilles Thomas, Synergie Lyon Cancer, Lyon, F-69008, France
| | - Alain Puisieux
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de recherche en cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, F-69008, France
| | - Patrick Goudot
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Pierre Marie Curie-Paris 6, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, F-75013, France
| | - Chloé Bertolus
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Pierre Marie Curie-Paris 6, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, F-75013, France
| | - Nicolas Foray
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de recherche en cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, F-69008, France
| | - Youlia Kirova
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Institut Curie, Paris, F-75005, France
| | - Pierre Verrelle
- INSERM U 1196 , CNRS UMR 9187, Institut Curie, Orsay, F-91405, France.,Université Clermont Auvergne, Centre Jean-Perrin, Clermont-Ferrand, F-63000, France
| | - Pierre Saintigny
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de recherche en cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, F-69008, France. .,Department of Translational Research and Innovation, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, F-69008, France. .,Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, 69008, France.
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13
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Qiao Q, Sun C, Han C, Han N, Zhang M, Li G. Endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway PERK-eIF2α confers radioresistance in oropharyngeal carcinoma by activating NF-κB. Cancer Sci 2017; 108:1421-1431. [PMID: 28418119 PMCID: PMC5497722 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) plays an important role in the pathogenesis and development of malignant tumors, as well as in the regulation of radiochemoresistance and chemoresistance in many malignancies. ERS signaling pathway protein kinase RNA‐like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK)‐eukaryotic initiation factor‐2 (eIF2α) may induce aberrant activation of nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB). Our previous study showed that NF‐κB conferred radioresistance in lymphoma cells. However, whether PERK‐eIF2α regulates radioresistance in oropharyngeal carcinoma through NF‐κB activation is unknown. Herein, we showed that PERK overexpression correlated with a poor prognosis for patients with oropharyngeal carcinoma (P < 0.01). Meanwhile, the percentage of the high expression level of PERK in oropharyngeal carcinoma patients resistant to radiation was higher than in patients sensitive to radiation (77.7 and 33.3%, respectively; P < 0.05). Silencing PERK and eIF2α increased the radiosensitivity in oropharyngeal carcinoma cells and increased radiation‐induced apoptosis and G2/M phase arrest. PERK‐eIF2α silencing also inhibited radiation‐induced NF‐κB phosphorylation and increased the DNA double strand break‐related proteins ATM phosphorylation. NF‐κB activator TNF‐α and the ATM inhibitor Ku55933 offset the regulatory effect of eIF2α on the expression of radiation‐induced cell apoptosis‐related proteins and the G2/M phase arrest‐related proteins. These data indicate that PERK regulates radioresistance in oropharyngeal carcinoma through NF‐kB activation‐mediated phosphorylation of eIF2α, enhancing X‐ray‐induced activation of DNA DSB repair, cell apoptosis inhibition and G2/M cell cycle arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Qiao
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Chaonan Sun
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Chuyang Han
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Ning Han
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Miao Zhang
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Guang Li
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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14
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Conforti A, Starc N, Biagini S, Tomao L, Pitisci A, Algeri M, Sirleto P, Novelli A, Grisendi G, Candini O, Carella C, Dominici M, Locatelli F, Bernardo ME. Resistance to neoplastic transformation of ex-vivo expanded human mesenchymal stromal cells after exposure to supramaximal physical and chemical stress. Oncotarget 2016; 7:77416-77429. [PMID: 27764806 PMCID: PMC5363595 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The risk of malignant transformation of ex-vivo expanded human mesenchymal stromal cells (huMSCs) has been debated in the last years; however, the biosafety of these cells after exposure to supramaximal physical and chemical stress has never been systematically investigated.We established an experimental in vitro model to induce supramaximal physical (ionizing radiation, IR) and chemical (starvation) stress on ex-vivo expanded bone marrow (BM)-derived huMSCs and investigated their propensity to undergo malignant transformation. To this aim, we examined MSC morphology, proliferative capacity, immune-phenotype, differentiation potential, immunomodulatory properties and genetic profile before and after stressor exposure. Furthermore, we investigated the cellular mechanisms underlying MSC response to stress. MSCs were isolated from 20 healthy BM donors and expanded in culture medium supplemented with 5% platelet lysate (PL) up to passage 2 (P2). At this stage, MSCs were exposed first to escalating doses of IR (30, 100, 200 Gy) and then to starvation culture conditions (1% PL).With escalating doses of radiation, MSCs lost their typical spindle-shaped morphology, their growth rate markedly decreased and eventually stopped (at P4-P6) by reaching early senescence. Irradiated and starved MSCs maintained their typical immune-phenotype, ability to differentiate into adipocytes/osteoblasts and to inhibit mitogen-induced T-cell proliferation. The study of the genetic profile of irradiated/starved MSCs did not show any alteration. While the induction of supramaximal stress triggered production of ROS and activation of DNA damage response pathway via multiple mechanisms, our data indicate that irradiated/starved MSCs, although presenting altered morphology/growth rate, do not display increased propensity for malignant transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Conforti
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Nadia Starc
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
- Department of System Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Simone Biagini
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Tomao
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Pitisci
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Mattia Algeri
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Pietro Sirleto
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Novelli
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Grisendi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, Division of Oncology, University-Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Olivia Candini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, Division of Oncology, University-Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | | | - Massimo Dominici
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, Division of Oncology, University-Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Franco Locatelli
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Maria Ester Bernardo
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
- Current address: San Raffaele-Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, SR-TIGET, Pediatric Immunohematology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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15
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Bodgi L, Foray N. The nucleo-shuttling of the ATM protein as a basis for a novel theory of radiation response: resolution of the linear-quadratic model. Int J Radiat Biol 2016; 92:117-31. [PMID: 26907628 DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2016.1135260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE For 50 years, cellular radiosensitivity has been defined in vitro as the lack of clonogenic capacity of irradiated cells and its mathematical link with dose has been described by the target theory. Among the numerous formulas provided from the target theory, the linear-quadratic (LQ) model empirically describes cell survival as a negative exponential of a second degree polynomial dose-function in which αD is the linear component and βD(2) is the quadratic one. The LQ model is extensively used in radiobiology (to describe survival curves) and in radiotherapy (the α/β ratio indicates whether tissue reactions can occur early or late after the treatment). However, no biological interpretation of the LQ parameters was proposed to explain together the radiation response in a wide dose range, the radiosensitivity of some genetic syndromes caused by the mutation of cytoplasmic proteins and the hyper-radiosensitivity phenomenon specific to low-dose. THE MODEL From a solid amount of experimental data, we hypothesized that the major forms of ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) are cytoplasmic dimers and that ionizing radiation induce ATM monomerization. The resulting ATM monomers diffuse into nucleus to facilitate double-strand-breaks (DSB) recognition and repair. Such hypotheses lead to a coherent molecular interpretation of the LQ model by considering the yield of recognized but unrepaired (α-type) DSB and the non-recognized (β-type) DSB. The notion of cell tolerance to unrepaired DSB was introduced by considering that not all DSB are lethal. Cell survival and DSB repair and signaling immunofluorescence data from 42 normal skin fibroblast and 18 tumor human cell lines were used to verify the validity of this biomathematical model proposed. RESULTS Our model is validated at different levels by one of the widest spectrum of radiosensitivity. That mathematical developments of the present model imply that β is a Lorentzian function of α was confirmed experimentally. Our model is also relevant to describe the hypersensitivity to low-dose phenomenon. CONCLUSIONS Our model provides a very general picture of human radiosensitivity, independently of the dose, the cell type and the genetic status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larry Bodgi
- a Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR 1052, Radiobiology Group, Cancer Research Centre of Lyon , Lyon , France ;,b St-Joseph University , Faculty of Sciences , Beirut , Lebanon
| | - Nicolas Foray
- a Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR 1052, Radiobiology Group, Cancer Research Centre of Lyon , Lyon , France
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16
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Baumann M, Krause M, Overgaard J, Debus J, Bentzen SM, Daartz J, Richter C, Zips D, Bortfeld T. Radiation oncology in the era of precision medicine. Nat Rev Cancer 2016; 16:234-49. [PMID: 27009394 DOI: 10.1038/nrc.2016.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 496] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Technological advances and clinical research over the past few decades have given radiation oncologists the capability to personalize treatments for accurate delivery of radiation dose based on clinical parameters and anatomical information. Eradication of gross and microscopic tumours with preservation of health-related quality of life can be achieved in many patients. Two major strategies, acting synergistically, will enable further widening of the therapeutic window of radiation oncology in the era of precision medicine: technology-driven improvement of treatment conformity, including advanced image guidance and particle therapy, and novel biological concepts for personalized treatment, including biomarker-guided prescription, combined treatment modalities and adaptation of treatment during its course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Baumann
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden
- OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology (NCRO), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Oncology, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Mechthild Krause
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden
- OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology (NCRO), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Oncology, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Jens Overgaard
- Department of Experimental Clinical Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade 44, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Jürgen Debus
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology (HIRO), National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology (NCRO), University of Heidelberg Medical School and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Im Neuenheimer Feld 460, 69120 Heidelberg
- Heidelberg Ion Therapy Center (HIT), Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Heidelberg Medical School, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120 Heidelberg
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Søren M Bentzen
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health and Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 22 S Greene Street S9a03, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
| | - Juliane Daartz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Physics Division, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 1000 Blossom Street Cox 362, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Christian Richter
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden
- OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology (NCRO), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniel Zips
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium Tübingen, Postfach 2669, 72016 Tübingen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Strasse 3, 72016 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Bortfeld
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Physics Division, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 1000 Blossom Street Cox 362, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
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Viau M, Perez AF, Bodgi L, Devic C, Granzotto A, Ferlazzo ML, Bourguignon M, Puisieux A, Lacornerie T, Lartigau É, Lagrange JL, Foray N. [Repeated radiation dose effect and DNA repair: Importance of the individual factor and the time interval between the doses]. Cancer Radiother 2016; 20:217-25. [PMID: 27020715 DOI: 10.1016/j.canrad.2015.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Revised: 05/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The dose fractionation effect is a recurrent question of radiation biology research that remains unsolved since no model predicts the clinical effect only with the cumulated dose and the radiobiology of irradiated tissues. Such an important question is differentially answered in radioprotection, radiotherapy, radiology or epidemiology. A better understanding of the molecular response to radiation makes possible today a novel approach to identify the parameters that condition the fractionation effect. Particularly, the time between doses appears to be a key factor since it will permit, or not, the repair of certain radiation-induced DNA damages whose repair rates are of the order of seconds, minutes or hours: the fractionation effect will therefore vary according to the functionality of the different repair pathways, whatever for tumor or normal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Viau
- Inserm, UMR1052, centre de recherches en cancérologie de Lyon, 28, rue Laennec, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - A-F Perez
- Inserm, UMR1052, centre de recherches en cancérologie de Lyon, 28, rue Laennec, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - L Bodgi
- Inserm, UMR1052, centre de recherches en cancérologie de Lyon, 28, rue Laennec, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - C Devic
- Inserm, UMR1052, centre de recherches en cancérologie de Lyon, 28, rue Laennec, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - A Granzotto
- Inserm, UMR1052, centre de recherches en cancérologie de Lyon, 28, rue Laennec, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - M L Ferlazzo
- Inserm, UMR1052, centre de recherches en cancérologie de Lyon, 28, rue Laennec, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - M Bourguignon
- Institut de radioprotection et sûreté nucléaire, BP 17, 92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - A Puisieux
- Inserm, UMR1052, centre de recherches en cancérologie de Lyon, 28, rue Laennec, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - T Lacornerie
- Département de radiothérapie, centre Oscar-Lambret, ONCOLille, université de Lille, 3, rue Frédéric-Combemale, 59000 Lille, France
| | - É Lartigau
- Département de radiothérapie, centre Oscar-Lambret, ONCOLille, université de Lille, 3, rue Frédéric-Combemale, 59000 Lille, France
| | - J-L Lagrange
- Département de radiothérapie, CHU Henri-Mondor, 51, avenue du Maréchal-de-Lattre-de-Tassigny, 94010 Créteil, France
| | - N Foray
- Inserm, UMR1052, centre de recherches en cancérologie de Lyon, 28, rue Laennec, 69008 Lyon, France.
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Granzotto A, Benadjaoud MA, Vogin G, Devic C, Ferlazzo ML, Bodgi L, Pereira S, Sonzogni L, Forcheron F, Viau M, Etaix A, Malek K, Mengue-Bindjeme L, Escoffier C, Rouvet I, Zabot MT, Joubert A, Vincent A, Venezia ND, Bourguignon M, Canat EP, d'Hombres A, Thébaud E, Orbach D, Stoppa-Lyonnet D, Radji A, Doré E, Pointreau Y, Bourgier C, Leblond P, Defachelles AS, Lervat C, Guey S, Feuvret L, Gilsoul F, Berger C, Moncharmont C, de Laroche G, Moreau-Claeys MV, Chavaudra N, Combemale P, Biston MC, Malet C, Martel-Lafay I, Laude C, Hau-Desbat NH, Ziouéche A, Tanguy R, Sunyach MP, Racadot S, Pommier P, Claude L, Baleydier F, Fleury B, de Crevoisier R, Simon JM, Verrelle P, Peiffert D, Belkacemi Y, Bourhis J, Lartigau E, Carrie C, De Vathaire F, Eschwege F, Puisieux A, Lagrange JL, Balosso J, Foray N. Influence of Nucleoshuttling of the ATM Protein in the Healthy Tissues Response to Radiation Therapy: Toward a Molecular Classification of Human Radiosensitivity. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2016; 94:450-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2015.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Revised: 10/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Lavelle C, Foray N. Chromatin structure and radiation-induced DNA damage: from structural biology to radiobiology. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2014; 49:84-97. [PMID: 24486235 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2014.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Revised: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/18/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Genomic DNA in eukaryotic cells is basically divided into chromosomes, each consisting of a single huge nucleosomal fiber. It is now clear that chromatin structure and dynamics play a critical role in all processes involved in DNA metabolism, e.g. replication, transcription, repair and recombination. Radiation is a useful tool to study the biological effects of chromatin alterations. Conversely, radiotherapy and radiodiagnosis raise questions about the influence of chromatin integrity on clinical features and secondary effects. This review focuses on the link between DNA damage and chromatin structure at different scales, showing how a comprehensive multiscale vision is required to understand better the effect of radiations on DNA. Clinical aspects related to high- and low-dose of radiation and chromosomal instability will be discussed. At the same time, we will show that the analysis of the radiation-induced DNA damage distribution provides good insight on chromatin structure. Hence, we argue that chromatin "structuralists" and radiobiological "clinicians" would each benefit from more collaboration with the other. We hope that this focused review will help in this regard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Lavelle
- Genome Structure and Instability, National Museum of Natural History, Paris, France; CNRS UMR7196, Paris, France; INSERM U1154, Paris, France; Nuclear Architecture and Dynamics, CNRS GDR 3536, Paris, France.
| | - Nicolas Foray
- Nuclear Architecture and Dynamics, CNRS GDR 3536, Paris, France; INSERM, UMR1052, Radiobiology Group, Cancer Research Centre of Lyon, Lyon, France
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Nagelkerke A, Bussink J, van der Kogel AJ, Sweep FCGJ, Span PN. The PERK/ATF4/LAMP3-arm of the unfolded protein response affects radioresistance by interfering with the DNA damage response. Radiother Oncol 2013; 108:415-21. [PMID: 23891100 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2013.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Revised: 06/25/2013] [Accepted: 06/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Lysosome-associated membrane protein 3 (LAMP3) is induced by the PKR-like ER kinase (PERK)/activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4)-arm of the unfolded protein response (UPR) during hypoxia. LAMP3 has prognostic value in breast cancer patients treated with radiotherapy. Here, we specifically investigated the role of the PERK/ATF4/LAMP3-arm in the radiation response of breast cancer cells. MATERIAL AND METHODS Radiosensitivity of breast cancer cells was examined after siRNA-mediated knockdown of PERK, ATF4 and LAMP3. Activation of DNA damage repair proteins was evaluated by Western blotting and immunocytochemistry. RESULTS Knockdown of the PERK/ATF4/LAMP3-arm and chemical inhibition of PERK could radiosensitise MDA-MB-231 cells significantly. Western blot analysis of several DNA damage repair proteins showed that LAMP3 knockdowns had an attenuated DNA damage response after radiation compared to controls. γ-H2AX foci analysis revealed that LAMP3 knockdowns had a reduced number of positive cells after irradiation, indicating that their DNA damage repair signalling response is decreased. In addition, the effect of autophagy inhibition was examined and revealed a radiosensitising effect and the presence of residual γ-H2AX foci. CONCLUSIONS The PERK/ATF4/LAMP3-arm causes radioresistance of breast cancer cells by increasing DNA damage repair signalling. Inhibition of PERK and/or autophagy may sensitise tumours to radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anika Nagelkerke
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, The Netherlands; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, The Netherlands
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Bufacchi A, Nardiello B, Capparella R, Begnozzi L. Clinical implications in the use of the PBC algorithm versus the AAA by comparison of different NTCP models/parameters. Radiat Oncol 2013; 8:164. [PMID: 23826854 PMCID: PMC3750611 DOI: 10.1186/1748-717x-8-164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2012] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Retrospective analysis of 3D clinical treatment plans to investigate qualitative, possible, clinical consequences of the use of PBC versus AAA. Methods The 3D dose distributions of 80 treatment plans at four different tumour sites, produced using PBC algorithm, were recalculated using AAA and the same number of monitor units provided by PBC and clinically delivered to each patient; the consequences of the difference on the dose-effect relations for normal tissue injury were studied by comparing different NTCP model/parameters extracted from a review of published studies. In this study the AAA dose calculation is considered as benchmark data. The paired Student t-test was used for statistical comparison of all results obtained from the use of the two algorithms. Results In the prostate plans, the AAA predicted lower NTCP value (NTCPAAA) for the risk of late rectal bleeding for each of the seven combinations of NTCP parameters, the maximum mean decrease was 2.2%. In the head-and-neck treatments, each combination of parameters used for the risk of xerostemia from irradiation of the parotid glands involved lower NTCPAAA, that varied from 12.8% (sd=3.0%) to 57.5% (sd=4.0%), while when the PBC algorithm was used the NTCPPBC’s ranging was from 15.2% (sd=2.7%) to 63.8% (sd=3.8%), according the combination of parameters used; the differences were statistically significant. Also NTCPAAA regarding the risk of radiation pneumonitis in the lung treatments was found to be lower than NTCPPBC for each of the eight sets of NTCP parameters; the maximum mean decrease was 4.5%. A mean increase of 4.3% was found when the NTCPAAA was calculated by the parameters evaluated from dose distribution calculated by a convolution-superposition (CS) algorithm. A markedly different pattern was observed for the risk relating to the development of pneumonitis following breast treatments: the AAA predicted higher NTCP value. The mean NTCPAAA varied from 0.2% (sd = 0.1%) to 2.1% (sd = 0.3%), while the mean NTCPPBC varied from 0.1% (sd = 0.0%) to 1.8% (sd = 0.2%) depending on the chosen parameters set. Conclusions When the original PBC treatment plans were recalculated using AAA with the same number of monitor units provided by PBC, the NTCPAAA was lower than the NTCPPBC, except for the breast treatments. The NTCP is strongly affected by the wide-ranging values of radiobiological parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Bufacchi
- Medical Physics, PioXI Clinic and UOC Medical Physics, S Giovanni Calibita Fatebenefratelli Hospital, Rome, Italy.
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22
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Vogin G, Foray N. The law of Bergonié and Tribondeau: A nice formula for a first approximation. Int J Radiat Biol 2012; 89:2-8. [DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2012.717732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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23
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Foray N. [Claudius Regaud (1870-1940): A pioneer of radiobiology and radiotherapy]. Cancer Radiother 2012; 16:315-21. [PMID: 22818408 DOI: 10.1016/j.canrad.2012.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2012] [Revised: 04/06/2012] [Accepted: 05/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Born in 1870, Claudius Regaud was a pioneer of radiobiology and radiotherapy. As histologist, he developed a new staining technique that allowed him to describe in detail all the reproduction system of a number of animal models. As radiobiologist, he contradicted the interpretations of Tribondeau and Bergonié about relationships between cell proliferation and radiosensitivity. In 1908, he suggested that chromatin was the main target of radiation. As physician, he defined the first bases of anti-cancer radiation treatments and treated patients suffering from incurable cancer from 1911. As military doctor, he organized war hospitals by creating multidisciplinary teams for the surgery of hurts. Organizer, he was one of the founders of the League against Cancer. As radiotherapist and brachytherapist, he contributed to make Institut Curie an international reference center for research and teaching, with nearly a thousand treated patients. As globe-trotter, he was at the origin of the creation of numerous worldwide radiotherapy and radiobiology centers. He died in December 1940 and let an impressive but still misknown scientific heritage. A re-reading of the familial archives and the Regaud Fund of Institut Curie is the occasion to remind the contribution of Regaud.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Foray
- CR-U, groupe de radiobiologie, centre de recherche en cancérologie de Lyon, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Lyon, France.
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Gastaldo J, Bencokova Z, Massart C, Joubert A, Balosso J, Charvet AM, Foray N. Specific molecular and cellular events induced by irradiated X-ray photoactivatable drugs raise the problem of co-toxicities: particular consequences for anti-cancer synchrotron therapy. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2011; 18:456-463. [PMID: 21525655 DOI: 10.1107/s0909049511006017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2010] [Accepted: 02/17/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Synchrotrons are capable of producing intense low-energy X-rays that enable the photoactivation of high-Z elements. Photoactivation therapy (PAT) consists of loading tumors with photoactivatable drugs and thereafter irradiating them at an energy, generally close to the K-edge of the element, that enhances the photoelectric effect. To date, three major photoactivatable elements are used in PAT: platinum (cisplatin and carboplatin), iodine (iodinated contrast agents and iododeoxyuridine) and gadolinium (motexafin gadolinium). However, the molecular and cellular events specific to PAT and the radiobiological properties of these photoactivatable drugs are still misknown. Here, it is examined how standard and synchrotron X-rays combined with photoactivatable drugs impact on the cellular response of human endothelial cells. These findings suggest that the radiolysis products of the photoactivatable drugs may participate in the synergetic effects of PAT by increasing the severity of radiation-induced DNA double-strand breaks. Interestingly, subpopulation of highly damaged cells was found to be a cellular pattern specific to PAT. The data show that the efficiency of emerging anti-cancer modalities involving synchrotron photoactivation strongly depends on the choice of photoactivatable drugs, and important series of experiments are required to secure their clinical transfer before applying to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Gastaldo
- INSERM, U836, Institut des Neurosciences, 38043 Grenoble, France
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25
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Foray N. Réponse aux commentaires de H. Elleaume et al. sur la revue intitulée « aspects radiobiologiques des traitements anticancéreux par rayonnement synchrotron : bilan et perspectives ». Cancer Radiother 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canrad.2010.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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26
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Granzotto A, Joubert A, Viau M, Devic C, Maalouf M, Thomas C, Vogin G, Malek K, Colin C, Balosso J, Foray N. Réponse individuelle aux radiations ionisantes : quel(s) test(s) prédictif(s) choisir ? C R Biol 2011; 334:140-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crvi.2010.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2010] [Revised: 12/28/2010] [Accepted: 12/29/2010] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Maalouf M, Durante M, Foray N. Biological effects of space radiation on human cells: history, advances and outcomes. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2011; 52:126-146. [PMID: 21436608 DOI: 10.1269/jrr.10128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to radiation is one of the main concerns for space exploration by humans. By focusing deliberately on the works performed on human cells, we endeavored to review, decade by decade, the technological developments and conceptual advances of space radiation biology. Despite considerable efforts, the cancer and the toxicity risks remain to be quantified: 1) the nature and the frequency of secondary heavy ions need to be better characterized in order to estimate their contribution to the dose and to the final biological response; 2) the diversity of radiation history of each astronaut and the impact of individual susceptibility make very difficult any epidemiological analysis for estimating hazards specifically due to space radiation exposure. 3) Cytogenetic data undoubtedly revealed that space radiation exposure produce significant damage in cells. However, our knowledge of the basic mechanisms specific to low-dose, to repeated doses and to adaptive response is still poor. The application of new radiobiological techniques, like immunofluorescence, and the use of human tissue models different from blood, like skin fibroblasts, may help in clarifying all the above items.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mira Maalouf
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U836, Groupe de Radiobiologie, Paris, France
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28
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Foray N. Aspects radiobiologiques des traitements anticancéreux par rayonnement synchrotron : bilan et perspectives. Cancer Radiother 2010; 14:145-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canrad.2009.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2009] [Revised: 11/26/2009] [Accepted: 12/03/2009] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Thomas C, Charrier J, Massart C, Cherel M, Fertil B, Barbet J, Foray N. Low-dose hyper-radiosensitivity of progressive and regressive cells isolated from a rat colon tumour: Impact of DNA repair. Int J Radiat Biol 2009; 84:533-48. [DOI: 10.1080/09553000802195331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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30
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Comparison between the ideal reference dose level and the actual reference dose level from clinical 3D radiotherapy treatment plans. Radiother Oncol 2009; 92:68-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2009.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2008] [Revised: 02/23/2009] [Accepted: 02/24/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Toulany M, Kehlbach R, Florczak U, Sak A, Wang S, Chen J, Lobrich M, Rodemann HP. Targeting of AKT1 enhances radiation toxicity of human tumor cells by inhibiting DNA-PKcs-dependent DNA double-strand break repair. Mol Cancer Ther 2008; 7:1772-81. [PMID: 18644989 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-07-2200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We have already reported that epidermal growth factor receptor/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT signaling is an important pathway in regulating radiation sensitivity and DNA double-strand break (DNA-dsb) repair of human tumor cells. In the present study, we investigated the effect of AKT1 on DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs) activity and DNA-dsb repair in irradiated non-small cell lung cancer cell lines A549 and H460. Treatment of cells with the specific AKT pathway inhibitor API-59 CJ-OH (API; 1-5 micromol/L) reduced clonogenic survival between 40% and 85% and enhanced radiation sensitivity of both cell lines significantly. As indicated by fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis (sub-G(1) cells) and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage, API treatment or transfection with AKT1-small interfering RNA (siRNA) induced apoptosis of H460 but not of A549 cells. However, in either apoptosis-resistant A549 or apoptosis-sensitive H460 cells, API and/or AKT1-siRNA did not enhance poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage and apoptosis following irradiation. Pretreatment of cells with API or transfection with AKT1-siRNA strongly inhibited radiation-induced phosphorylation of DNA-PKcs at T2609 and S2056 as well as repair of DNA-dsb as measured by the gamma-H2AX foci assay. Coimmunoprecipitation experiments showed a complex formation of activated AKT and DNA-PKcs, supporting the assumption that AKT plays an important regulatory role in the activation of DNA-PKcs in irradiated cells. Thus, targeting of AKT enhances radiation sensitivity of lung cancer cell lines A549 and H460 most likely through specific inhibition of DNA-PKcs-dependent DNA-dsb repair but not through enhancement of radiation-induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Toulany
- Division of Radiobiology and Molecular Environmental Research, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tuebingen, Eberhard-Karls University Tuebingen, Roentgenweg 11, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
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Negroni A, Stronati L, Grollino MG, Barattini P, Gumiero D, Danesi DT. Radioresistance in a tumour cell line correlates with radiation inducible Ku 70/80 end-binding activity. Int J Radiat Biol 2008; 84:265-76. [PMID: 18386192 DOI: 10.1080/09553000801953318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aims of the present study were to better understand the role of Ku 80, which is involved in double-strand break repair in mammalian cells in the mechanism of radiation resistance and to verify the possibility of increasing cell radiosensitivity by targeted inhibition of Ku autoantigen 80 (Ku 80). MATERIALS AND METHODS Western blot and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) were performed on the human bladder carcinoma cell line RT112 (radioresistant) and on the human colorectal carcinoma cell line SW48 (radiosensitive) to assess the expression levels of DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) components and the DNA-binding activity of the Ku 70/80 heterodimer after exposure to radiation, respectively. Ku 80 silencing was carried out with the use of small interfering RNA (siRNA). RESULTS Greater differences in the DNA-binding activity of Ku 70/80 and Ku 80 phosphorylation level were observed in RT112 as compared to SW48 after X-ray treatment. There is no correlation between Ku expression and DNA-binding activity at lower doses. A significant increase in nuclear Ku 80 expression was observed one hour after the exposure, only at the higher doses, while the DNA-PK catalytic subunits (DNA-PKcs) and Ku 70 levels did not change significantly. Inhibition of Ku 80 expression by siRNA induced radiosensitivity in the RT112 cell line. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate that in a bladder tumour cell line up-regulation of Ku end-binding activity without any marked change in Ku expression underlie radiation resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Negroni
- Section of Toxicology and Biomedical Sciences, ENEA-National Agency for New Technology, Energy and Environment, Rome, Italy.
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Joubert A, Zimmerman KM, Bencokova Z, Gastaldo J, Chavaudra N, Favaudon V, Arlett CF, Foray N. DNA double-strand break repair defects in syndromes associated with acute radiation response: at least two different assays to predict intrinsic radiosensitivity? Int J Radiat Biol 2008; 84:107-25. [PMID: 18246480 DOI: 10.1080/09553000701797039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Human diseases associated with acute radiation responses are rare genetic disorders with common clinical and biological features including radiosensitivity, genomic instability, chromosomal aberrations, and frequently immunodeficiency. To determine what molecular assays are predictive of cellular radiosensitivity whatever the genes mutations, the existence of a quantitative correlation between cellular radiosensitivity and unrepaired DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) repair defects was examined in a collection of 40 human fibroblasts representing 8 different syndromes. MATERIALS AND METHODS A number of techniques such as pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, plasmid assay and immunofluorescence with antibodies against MRE11, MDC1, 53BP1 and phosphorylated forms of H2AX, DNA-PK were applied systematically. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Survival fraction at 2 Gy was found to be inversely proportional to the amount of unrepaired DSB, whatever the genes mutations and the assay applied. However, no single assay discriminates the full range of human radiosensitivity. Particularly, nuclear foci formed by the phosphorylation of H2AX do not predict well moderate radiosensitivities. Our findings suggest the existence of an ATM-dependent interplay between the activation of DNA-PK and MRE11. A classification of diseases according their cellular radiosensitivity, their molecular response to radiation and the functional assays permitting their evaluation is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Joubert
- Inserm, U647, ID17, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Grenoble, France
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Szumiel I. Intrinsic radiation sensitivity: cellular signaling is the key. Radiat Res 2008; 169:249-58. [PMID: 18302493 DOI: 10.1667/rr1239.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2007] [Accepted: 11/26/2007] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The concept that the balance between DNA damage and repair determines intrinsic radiation sensitivity has dominated radiobiology for several decades. There is undeniably a cause- effect relationship between radiation-induced molecular alterations in the genomic DNA and cellular consequences. In the last decade, however, it has become obvious that the chromatin context affects the fate of damaged DNA and that cellular signaling is an important factor in defining intrinsic radiation sensitivity. Damaged DNA is the site of signal generation; however, alternative signaling at the plasma membrane is triggered: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) inactivate phosphatases and consequently cause activation of kinases localized at the plasma membrane; this includes ligand-independent activation of receptor kinases. Cells with an apparently functional DNA repair system may show increased radiation sensitivity due to deficiencies in specific kinases essential for repair activation and checkpoint control. Other signals that determine intrinsic radiosensitivity may affect proneness to apoptosis, the balance between DNA damage fixation and repair, and the translocation of proteins participating in the response to ionizing radiation. Interplay between the various signals decides the extent to which the repair of radiation-inflicted damage is supported or limited; in some cell types, this includes DNA-damage-independent processes guided by plasma membrane-generated signaling. Cellular signaling in the context of specific subcellular structures is the key to understanding how the molecular effects of radiation are expressed as biological consequences in various cell types. A systems approach should bring us closer to this end.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Szumiel
- Department of Radiobiology & Health Protection, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry & Technology, 03-195 Warszawa, Poland.
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35
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Déterminants et facteurs prédictifs pour la radiosensibilité tumorale. Cancer Radiother 2008; 12:3-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canrad.2007.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2007] [Revised: 11/22/2007] [Accepted: 11/23/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Stewart RD, Li XA. BGRT: biologically guided radiation therapy-the future is fast approaching! Med Phys 2007; 34:3739-51. [PMID: 17985619 DOI: 10.1118/1.2779861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid advances in functional and biological imaging, predictive assays, and our understanding of the molecular and cellular responses underpinning treatment outcomes herald the coming of the long-sought goal of implementing patient-specific biologically guided radiation therapy (BGRT) in the clinic. Biological imaging and predictive assays have the potential to provide patient-specific, three-dimensional information to characterize the radiation response characteristics of tumor and normal structures. Within the next decade, it will be possible to combine such information with advanced delivery technologies to design and deliver biologically conformed, individualized therapies in the clinic. The full implementation of BGRT in the clinic will require new technologies and additional research. However, even the partial implementation of BGRT treatment planning may have the potential to substantially impact clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert D Stewart
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, 550 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2051, USA
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Bencokova Z, Pauron L, Devic C, Joubert A, Gastaldo J, Massart C, Balosso J, Foray N. Molecular and cellular response of the most extensively used rodent glioma models to radiation and/or cisplatin. J Neurooncol 2007; 86:13-21. [PMID: 17611717 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-007-9433-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2007] [Accepted: 06/07/2007] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Anti-glioma strategies are generally based on trials involving rodent models whose choice remains based on proliferative capacity and availability. Recently, our group obtained the most protracted survival of rats bearing F98 gliomas by combining synchrotron X-rays and intracerebral cisplatin injection (Biston et al., Cancer Res, 64:2317-2323, 2004). The response to such treatment was suggested to be dependent on BRCA1, a tumour suppressor known to be involved in the response to radiation and cisplatin. In order to verify the impact of BRCA1 functionality upon success of anti-glioma trials, radiobiological features and BRCA1-dependent stress signalling were investigated in the most extensively used rodent glioma models. Methods Cell death pathways, cell cycle arrests, DNA repair and stress signalling were evaluated in response to radiation and cisplatin in C6, 9L and F98 models. Results Rodent glioma models showed a large spectrum of cellular radiation response. Surprisingly, BRCA1 was found to be functionally impaired in C6 and F98 favouring genomic instability, tumour heterogeneity and tolerance of unrepaired DNA damage. Significance Our findings strengthened the importance of the choice of the glioma model on genetic and radiobiological bases, inasmuch as all these rat glioma models are induced by nitrosourea-mediated mutagenesis that may favour specific gene mutations. Particularly, BRCA1 status may condition the response to anti-glioma treatments. Furthermore, since BRCA1 acts as a tumour suppressor in a number of malignancies, our findings raise also the question of the implication of BRCA1 in brain tumours formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Bencokova
- Inserm, U647, ID17, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Grenoble, 38043, France
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Joubert A, Foray N. Radiosensibilité intrinsèque et cassures double–brin de l'ADN dans les cellules humaines. Cancer Radiother 2007; 11:129-42. [PMID: 17321185 DOI: 10.1016/j.canrad.2007.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2006] [Revised: 01/11/2007] [Accepted: 01/19/2007] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Among the large spectrum of DNA damage induced by radiation, DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are considered, to date, as the key-lesions responsible for the cell killing. However, although it was always intuitive to radiobiologists, such a conclusion has only been reached after technical developments and conceptual advances and remains consensual rather than demonstrated formally. In this article, we have reviewed the results that have lead to the conclusion that the assessment of successful DSB repair can be the basis of reliable assays predictive of the clinical response to radiotherapy and some chemotherapeutic treatments. We have discussed a number of technical artifacts, the biases due to the extrapolation of data obtained in yeast and rodent model systems to the human situation and the variety of phenotypes observed in human cells and in particular: 1) the most recent techniques developed, based on immunofluorescence, which have revolutionized our understanding of the molecular events occurring early after irradiation but have also raised the crucial questions about the choice of techniques to assess DSB repair and their specificity for different steps of the repair process; 2) While the homologous recombination repair pathway is predominant in yeasts, its importance in human cells appears less obvious, and raises the problem that the existence of randomized repair events may produce many more errors in human cells than in small genome organisms; 3) the impairment of DSB repair is observed in a plethora of genetic diseases, leading to radiosensitivity, immunodeficiency and sometimes cancer-proneness, but the low frequency and the pleiotropism of such diseases makes difficult the development of a single predictive assay. Therefore, although complete DSB repair appears to be crucial for cell survival, further research is still needed to provide innovative techniques fro measuring repair which can be successfully transferred to the clinic and used to ensure the avoidance of deleterious side-effects to cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Joubert
- Inserm U647, ID17, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 38043, Grenoble, France
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Chen MF, Lin CT, Chen WC, Yang CT, Chen CC, Liao SK, Liu JM, Lu CH, Lee KD. The sensitivity of human mesenchymal stem cells to ionizing radiation. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2006; 66:244-53. [PMID: 16839703 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2006.03.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2006] [Revised: 03/17/2006] [Accepted: 03/17/2006] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Recent studies have shown that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) obtained from bone marrow transplantation patients originate from the host. This clinical observation suggests that MSCs in their niches could be resistant to irradiation. However, the biologic responses of bone marrow MSCs to irradiation have rarely been described in the literature. METHODS AND MATERIALS In this study, human bone marrow-derived, clonally expanded MSCs were used to investigate their sensitivity to irradiation in vitro, and the cellular mechanisms that may facilitate resistance to irradiation. The human lung cancer cell line A549 and the breast cancer cell line HCC1937 were used as controls for radiosensitivity; the former line has been shown to be radioresistant and the latter radiosensitive. We then examined their in vitro biologic changes and sensitivities to radiation therapy. RESULTS Our results suggest that MSCs are characterized as resistant to irradiation. Several cellular mechanisms were demonstrated that may facilitate resistance to irradiation: ATM protein phosphorylation, activation of cell-cycle checkpoints, double-strand break repair by homologous recombination and nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ), and the antioxidant capacity for scavenging reactive oxygen species. CONCLUSIONS As demonstrated, MSCs possess a better antioxidant reactive oxygen species-scavenging capacity and active double-strand break repair to facilitate their radioresistance. These findings provide a better understanding of radiation-induced biologic responses in MSCs and may lead to the development of better strategies for stem cell treatment and cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao-Fen Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
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Dittmann K, Mayer C, Rodemann HP. Inhibition of radiation-induced EGFR nuclear import by C225 (Cetuximab) suppresses DNA-PK activity. Radiother Oncol 2006; 76:157-61. [PMID: 16024112 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2005.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2005] [Revised: 05/13/2005] [Accepted: 06/19/2005] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Inhibition of EGFR-function can induce radiosensitization in tumor cells. Purpose of our investigation was to identify the possible molecular mechanism of radiosensitization following treatment with anti-EGFR-antibody C225 (Cetuximab). MATERIALS AND METHODS The effect of C225 on radiation response was determined in human cell lines of bronchial carcinoma (A549) and breast adenoma cells (MDA MB 231). The molecular effects of C225 on EGFR-function after irradiation were analyzed applying western blotting, immune-precipitation and kinase assays. Effects on DNA-repair were detected by quantification of gamma-H2AX positive foci 24h after irradiation. RESULTS The EGFR specific antibody C225 induced radiosensitization in A549 and also in MDA MB 231 cells. Radiosensitization in A549 was associated with blockage of radiation-induced EGFR transport into the nucleus, and immobilized the complex of EGFR with DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) in the cytoplasm. As a consequence radiation-induced DNA-PK activation was abolished, a process that is essential for DNA-repair after radiation exposure. Likewise C225 treatment increased the residual amount of gamma-H2AX-positive foci 24h after irradiation in A549 and in MDA MB 231 cells. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that irradiation induced DNA-PK activation-essential for DNA repair-may be hampered specifically by use of the anti-EGFR-antibody C225. This process is associated with radiosensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Dittmann
- Division of Radiobiology and Molecular Environmental Research, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tübingen, Germany.
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Smith FM, Reynolds JV, Miller N, Stephens RB, Kennedy MJ. Pathological and molecular predictors of the response of rectal cancer to neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy. Eur J Surg Oncol 2005; 32:55-64. [PMID: 16324817 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2005.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2005] [Revised: 08/03/2005] [Accepted: 09/05/2005] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS The prediction of sensitivity and resistance to neoadjuvant therapy has great potential value for many tumour sites. A neoadjuvant regimen is increasingly the gold standard in rectal cancer management and the aim of this review was to highlight predictive markers currently assessed and evaluate their clinical utility. METHODS A systematic search of Medline was conducted using the following keywords 'colorectal', 'neoadjuvant', 'molecular', 'predict' and 'radiotherapy'. Original manuscripts from all relevant listings were sourced. These were hand searched for further articles of relevance. RESULTS Conventional indices including tumour stage and grade were unable to predict histological response. Immunohistochemical assessment of P53 gene, Bcl 2, Bax and microsatellite instability are of no predictive value. Studies utilising molecular response predictors from archival pre-treatment tumour tissues have identified several promising predictive markers including p21, spontaneous apoptosis and direct sequencing of the p53 gene. Global gene expression from fresh pre-treatment tissue using cDNA microarray has only recently been assessed but identified expression differences between 54 genes and was able to predict response with 78% sensitivity and 86% specificity. CONCLUSIONS Currently there are no clinically useful predictors of response based on standard pathological assessment and immunocytochemistry. Direct gene sequencing of p53, studies of apoptosis and global gene sequencing may hold promise.
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Affiliation(s)
- F M Smith
- University Department of Surgery, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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Joubert A, Biston MC, Boudou C, Ravanat JL, Brochard T, Charvet AM, Estève F, Balosso J, Foray N. Irradiation in presence of iodinated contrast agent results in radiosensitization of endothelial cells: Consequences for computed tomography therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2005; 62:1486-96. [PMID: 16029811 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2005.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2005] [Revised: 04/07/2005] [Accepted: 04/07/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To date, iodinated contrast agents (ICA) are commonly used in medical imaging to improve tumor visualization by attenuating scanners X-rays. However, some adverse reactions to ICAs are still reported, and their molecular origin remains unclear. In 1983, it was proposed to visualize and treat ICA-loaded tumors by using scanners as therapy machines to enhance X-rays absorption at the iodine atoms. Theoretically, such physical conditions are optimized at 50 keV and can be easily obtained with synchrotrons. METHODS AND MATERIALS Here, we examined the molecular and cellular responses of mammalian endothelial cells to radiation in the presence of iomeprol, one of the most extensively used ICAs. RESULTS Irradiation with X-rays at 50 keV in the presence of iomeprol produced a strong radiosensitization effect. The same conclusion was reached with a standard medical irradiator but to a lesser extent. While such treatment did not produce additional DNA double-strand breaks, we observed a dose-dependent production of iodides due to the iomeprol radiolysis that inhibit double-strand break repair rate by decreasing DNA-PK kinase activity. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that the concomitant use of ICA and radiation may be toxic when radiation-produced iodide concentrations and double-strand break yields are sufficient. The potential toxicity of ICAs during X-rays for diagnosis and therapy is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Joubert
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
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