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Okoro EE, Ochonma C, Sanni SE, M O, Igwilo KC, Olawole OC. Risk assessment of human exposure to radionuclides and heavy metals in oil-based mud samples used for drilling operation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2022; 32:972-983. [PMID: 32866077 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2020.1811843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates heavy metals and naturally occurring radionuclide materials (NORM) possible presence and pollution rates in oil-based drilling fluids system used to drill an oil and gas well. It also estimates the health risks of the drilling crew due to their exposure to these substances. Measurements from Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS) revealed that, the concentrations of the metals present in the drilling mud samples varied significantly and decreased in the order of Zn > Al > Ni > Pb > Cr > Cu > As > Hg > Cd. Generally, amongst all the heavy metals considered, mud sample C had the highest heavy metal concentration when compared to samples A and B, respectively. When compared with the recommended maximum allowable limits, Cd and Ni were found to be higher than the International Reference Standard by factors of Cd (3 mg/kg) and Ni (50 mg/kg). The cancer risk obtained from this present study are 1.1 × 10-3 and 7.7 × 10-3 for the drilling crew, which is slightly above the acceptable risk range considered by the environmental and regulatory agencies. The concentrations of radioactive substances as obtained from analysis, show that K-40 is the dominant radionuclide in the samples with the highest value slightly twice the standard reference value. The concentrations of Ra-226 and Th-232 activity in the mud samples were found to be lower when compared with the International Reference Level. Also, the X-ray diffraction analysis helped to identify 16 very important/useful minerals in the three mud samples under consideration. The higher elemental concentrations of potassium and aluminum silicate found in sample C can be credited to the elevated heavy metal-content found in the mud samples. Significantly, these exposure risks found in this present study indicate that the potential health risks due to radiological activities may not pose short - but long-term risks to the drillers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel E Okoro
- Petroleum Engineering Department, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria
| | | | - Samuel E Sanni
- Chemical Engineering Department, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria
| | - Omeje M
- Physics Department, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria
| | - Kevin C Igwilo
- Petroleum Engineering Department, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria
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John SO, Usman IT. Isotopic profiling of natural uranium mined from northern Nigeria for nuclear forensic application. S AFR J SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.17159/sajs.2022/10678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Four mined samples of natural uranium from northern Nigeria were studied through inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, at the Environmental Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg. The samples were characterised for lead, thorium and uranium isotopic concentrations, isotopic ratios and age. The objective was to obtain nuclear forensic fingerprints as baseline data to add to the Nigerian National Nuclear Forensic Library. Results showed significant variation in the isotopic concentrations of lead, thorium and uranium across the mines. Isotopic ratios of 238U/235U, 235U/238U and 234U/238U across the sample of 137.881±0.007, 7.253×10-03±2.05×10-04 and 5.540×10-05±4.08×10-07 were found to be consistent with the natural values. The age of natural uranium is comparable to the age of earth. Uranium, lead, and thorium isotopic concentrations and ratios, as well as the age of the samples characterised, provide an isotopic profile that can be used for nuclear forensic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel O.O. John
- Department of Physics, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Nigeria
| | - Iyabo T. Usman
- Nuclear Structure Research Group, School of Physics, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Estimation of activity concentrations of radionuclides and their hazard indices in coastal plain sand region of Ogun state. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2108. [PMID: 35136130 PMCID: PMC8826422 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06064-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Assessment of natural background radionuclides emanating from the subsurface geological features was carried out with the use of gamma-ray spectrometry at various locations at one of the secondary school in Canaan land, Ota, Ogun State. The activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K were revealed to be 12.66 ± 0.76–42.33 ± 1.37, 44.96 ± 1.41–128.70 ± 1.56, 31.30 ± 1.18–453.85 ± 2.43 Bq kg−1 respectively. The mean value of 232Th reported higher than the world reference standard of 50 Bq kg−1. Moreover, the stations closest to the school’s laboratory were noticed to be prone to more gamma radiations than the other buildings in the school. Similarly, the results of the radiological parameters estimated varied between 86.04–243.7 Bq kg−1, 40.02–115.4 nGy h−1, 0.049–0.142 mSv y−1 and 0.232–0.658 for Raeq, D(out), AEDE and Hex, respectively. Although, the results of the radiological parameters did not exceed the world safe limits, higher values of these parameters were reported at some stations closer to the school laboratory. It can be concluded that the school laboratory is prone to more gamma radiation than the class rooms and the administrative block. Therefore, the laboratory instructors and staff, who spend longer time in the laboratory, are more liable to the health risk that could result from years of exposure to gamma radiation in the laboratory.
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Ghosal S, Agrahari S, Banerjee D, Sengupta D. Assessment of a naturally occurring high background radiation area with elevated levels of thorium along coastal Odisha, India using radiometric methods. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 283:131221. [PMID: 34182624 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The present study evaluates the enrichment and distribution of radioelements along the eastern coast of India. India possesses the second largest reserve of thorium bearing monazite in the world, in terms of heavy minerals present primarily along its long coastline. Radioelement estimation of about 30 km long beach area along the eastern coast of India is reported and implications discussed. A total number of 822 data points were studied using a portable Geiger Muller counter, to estimate the variation of dose rates, due to the ambient radionuclides along two different trends. One was parallel (northeast-southwest) and the second one perpendicular to the coastline. Pre-selected samples from in-situ radiometric surveys on the heavy mineral placers were studied further, for quantitative estimation of the abundance of radioactive elements primarily uranium and thorium, using a High Purity Germanium detector. Radioelement concentration assessment of core samples (depth ~2 m), were studied from two different beaches. Radiological parameters like radium equivalent, annual effective doserate and absorbed dose rate has been calculated based on the 238U, 232Th and 40K concentrations. Heavy mineral placers along the shoreline indicate a very high thorium (avg - 2990.22 Bq kg-1) which is due to the extensive distribution indicative of monazite. The coastal area also exhibits relatively low uranium (avg - 319.1 Bq kg-1). Based on its high thorium concentration, the area can be considered as a high natural background radiation area. Based on the concentrations of uranium and thorium, the weathering conditions and depositional environment prevalent along the beach areas have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shayantani Ghosal
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal, India.
| | - Sudha Agrahari
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal, India
| | - Debashish Banerjee
- Radiochemistry Division, Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, BARC, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Debashish Sengupta
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal, India
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In-situ assessment of natural terrestrial-radioactivity from Uranium-238 ( 238U), Thorium-232 ( 232Th) and Potassium-40 ( 40K) in coastal urban-environment and its possible health implications. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17555. [PMID: 34475416 PMCID: PMC8413313 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96516-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The risk of natural terrestrial radioactivity on human health is often underestimated, and environmental safety awareness is necessary. Hence, this study aims to assess natural sources of gamma radiation emitter in coastal urban-environment using the radiometric technique. The dosage of gamma radiation from a parent radionuclide such as Uranium-238 (238U), Thorium-232 (232Th) and Potassium-40 (40K) and were measured using portable gamma spectroscopy. The result showed that the measured value of 238U activity was between 10.81 \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\pm$$\end{document}± 0.69 and 46.31 \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\pm$$\end{document}± 1.43 Bqkg−1. The mean value was estimated to be 35.44 \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\pm$$\end{document}± 0.97 Bqkg−1 which is slightly higher than the world average. Meanwhile, 232Th activity ranges from 28.42 \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\pm$$\end{document}± 1.12 to 69.43 \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\pm$$\end{document}± 1.76 Bqkg−1 with the calculated mean value of 92.57 \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\pm$$\end{document}± 1.17 Bqkg−1 while 40K activity ranged between 31.30 ± 1.32 and 328.65 ± 2.32 Bqkg−1 with the estimated mean 137.59 \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\pm$$\end{document}± 2.42 Bqkg−1. Radiological parameters such as radium equivalent (Req), internal hazard (Hint) and external hazard (Hext) assessment were in the range of 66.00 Bqkg−1 to 141.76 Bqkg−1, 0.232 to 0.452 and 0.178 to 0.383, respectively. The measured values of gamma dose-rates ranged between 54.283 ± 0.78 and 117.531 ± 1.14 nGyh−1 with the calculated mean value of 84.770 ± 0.97 nGyh−1.
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Maxwell O, Adewoyin Olusegun O, Joel ES, Ikechukwu B I, Timothy-Terhile Mary A, Okoro Emeka E, Uchechukwu OA, Adeleye BN, Michael OM, Ifeanyi OA, Ogunrinola IE, Ahuekwe Eze F, Saeed MA. MEASUREMENTS OF SEASONAL VARIATIONS OF RADIOACTIVITY DISTRIBUTIONS IN RIVERINE SOIL SEDIMENT OF ADO-ODO OTA, SOUTH-WEST NIGERIA: PROBABILISTIC APPROACH USING MONTE CARLO. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2021; 193:76-89. [PMID: 33779760 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncab027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The radioactivity levels were measured using a hand-held gamma-ray survey meter and NaI (Tl) based gamma spectroscopy to evaluate the seasonal variation of radioactivity levels in the riverine area of Ado-Odo Ota. The measured iso-dose map reported higher gamma dose rate of 79 nGy/h, approximately 34% higher than the world average of 59 nGy/h. The values for U-238, Th-232 and K-40 activity levels ranged between 29.9 and 21.6; 103.2 and 31.2; 802.2 and 233.5 with mean values of 26.1, 55.6 and 499.3 Bq/kg, respectively. According to the mean, 5th and 95th percentiles of the probabilities using the Monte Carlo simulation, the Radium equivalent activities and the absorbed dose rates are within their respective recommended limits of 370 Bq/kg and 84 nGy/h. This study could be used to monitor dose rates and radiological risks for the areas covering the small area (Ado-Odo Ota) to the larger area (West African Region) as baseline data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omeje Maxwell
- Department of Physics, College of Science and Technology, Covenant University, P.M.B 1023, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - O Adewoyin Olusegun
- Department of Physics, College of Science and Technology, Covenant University, P.M.B 1023, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Emmanuel S Joel
- Department of Physics, College of Science and Technology, Covenant University, P.M.B 1023, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Ijeh Ikechukwu B
- Department of Physics, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria
| | - A Timothy-Terhile Mary
- Department of Physics, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria
| | - E Okoro Emeka
- Department of Petroleum Engineering, College of Engineering, Covenant University, P.M.B 1023, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Omeje Anne Uchechukwu
- Department of Public and Community Health Care, College of Medicine, Idiaraba, University of Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Bosede Ngozi Adeleye
- Department of Economics and Development Studies, Covenant University, P.M.B. 1023, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | | | - Oha A Ifeanyi
- Department of Geology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Iyanuoluwa E Ogunrinola
- Department of Physics, College of Science and Technology, Covenant University, P.M.B 1023, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - F Ahuekwe Eze
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Technology, Covenant University, P.M.B 1023, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - M A Saeed
- Department of Physics, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Lahore-Pakistan
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Raste PM, Sahoo BK, Bakshi AK, Patra AC, Sathian D, Beck M, Waikar MR, Shaikh AA, Sonkawade RG. A study on natural radioactivity and potential of 222Rn, 220Rn exhalation from Deccan table land of Kolhapur district, Maharashtra, India. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-020-07384-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Ntsohi L, Usman I, Mavunda R, Kureba O. Characterization of uranium in soil samples from a prospective uranium mining in Serule, Botswana for nuclear forensic application. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/16878507.2020.1785112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liteboho Ntsohi
- School of Physics, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Physics & Electronics, National University of Lesotho, Roma, Lesotho
| | - Iyabo Usman
- School of Physics, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | - Oscar Kureba
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Botswana International University of Science and Technology, Palapye, Botswana
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Okoro EE, Okolie AG, Sanni SE, Joel ES, Agboola O, Omeje M. Assessment of naturally occurring radiation in lithofacies of oil field in Niger Delta region and its possible health implications. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 264:110498. [PMID: 32250916 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The accumulation and increase in radionuclide activities of NORMs beyond permissible levels, will lead to health hazards and environmental damages if proper measures are not taken to control their occurrence as well as protect the lives of drillers and the environment. Therefore, evaluations and risk assessments of subsurface lithofacies is inevitable in order to protect people and the environment. Lack of existing Federal environmental regulations to address the presence of NORMs in oil and gas exploration activities in Nigeria, gives credence to this study. However, before these regulations can be developed, adequate research knowledge is needed to better understand the occurrence and distribution of Norms in subsurface lithofacies, as well as quantify the hazards posed by these NORMs to the people in the environment. This study then investigates the occurrence of natural radiation in lithofacies of an oil field region in Niger-Delta area using Hyper Germanium (HPGe) detector. Six (6) samples of different subsurface layers of lithofacies were collected during drilling, and analyzed. The results showed that the measured activity concentration of 238U decreased as the depth increased; the activity concentration of 232Th ranged between 11.8 ± 9.29 Bq/kg and 23.1 ± 8.43 Bq/kg, while the activity concentration of 4 K ranged from 161.8 Bq/kg to 245.4 Bq/kg. The estimated radiological risks such as absorbed dose rates, annual effective dose rates, radium equivalent index, external hazard index and internal hazard index were determined. The mean values for the estimated radiological parameters were 12.32 nGyh-1, 15.1049 Svy-1, 44.7720 Bqkg-1, 0.1209 and 0.1318 respectively. The gamma index estimated for the samples used were within the standard values recommended by Unscear, 2000. Significantly, this study reveals a distinctive decrease in 232Th activity with depth within the area under consideration. Based on the compared results, the measured radioactive concentrations and estimated radiological risks were below international reference values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel E Okoro
- Petroleum Engineering Department, Covenant University Ota, Nigeria.
| | | | - Samuel E Sanni
- Chemical Engineering Department, Covenant University Ota, Nigeria
| | | | - Oluranti Agboola
- Chemical Engineering Department, Covenant University Ota, Nigeria
| | - Maxwell Omeje
- Physics Department, Covenant University Ota, Nigeria
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Okoro EE, Ochonma C, Omeje M, Sanni SE, Emetere ME, Orodu KB, Igwilo KC. Radiological and toxicity risk exposures of oil based mud: health implication on drilling crew in Niger Delta. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:5387-5397. [PMID: 31848949 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-07222-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORMs) and the presence of toxic metals in drilling fluids/their additives have raised research interests in recent times owing to the risks associated with the exposure times for drillers of petroleum wells. In this study, two drilling fluids A and B were formulated, while two other Mud Samples C and D were obtained from drilled shale and shale-sand formation zones. All four fluids were collected and analyzed for the presence of radioactive and heavy metals. Lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), cadmium Cd), zinc (Zn), chromium (Cr), aluminum (Al), arsenic (As), nickel (Ni), and copper (Cu) were detected in the mud samples. The heavy metal contents of the mud samples are in the following decreasing order of magnitude Hg > Pb > Cd > Cr. In Samples A-D, Hg, Pb, Cr, and Cd were found to have significant concentrations, and the concentrations of these metals increased in the mud samples after they were used for drilling. The concentration of Hg was above the permissible limit. Also, the concentrations of Pb, Cu, As, and Al found in Mud Samples A and B can cause skin irritations over long-term exposures, while Cd, Hg, Zn, and Ni present in the samples were within levels that can cause lung infections or immune breakdown when ingested over long periods. The quantities of Cd, Hg, and Cu detected in Mud Samples C and D can cause skin irritations over long-term exposures, while those of As, Zn, Ni, and Al were seen to have the potential to cause dermal infections/diseases. Based on the results obtained, the cancer risk for the drilling crew lies within 1.1 × 10-3 - 7.7 × 10-3 HQ. The highest dose rate, radium release, and external hazard index were obtained for Mud Sample C whose radium equivalent was judged to be far below the critical safe limit for the drillers. The radium equivalent activity for the two field mud samples (C and D) were estimated to be 27.467 and 22.978 Bq kg-1, respectively, which is the maximum activity obtained for the analyzed samples. The maximum radium equivalent activity for Mud Sample C was estimated as 27.48 Bq kg-1 with a corresponding external hazard index of 0.7. Based on the analysis, there is a significant correlation between the concentration of heavy metals and the radionuclides found in the mud samples.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maxwell Omeje
- Physics Department, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria
| | - Samuel E Sanni
- Chemical Engineering Department, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria
| | | | - Kale B Orodu
- Petroleum Engineering Department, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria
| | - Kevin C Igwilo
- Petroleum Engineering Department, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria
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External radiation exposure of the Angolan population living in adobe houses. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-019-06920-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThis study aims to investigate the radioactivity of adobe in Angola, where it is a widely used building material. Sixty samples have been collected from three remote areas of the country with different geological backgrounds (Cabinda, Huambo, Menongue). Activity concentrations of226Ra,232Th and40K have been determined by gamma-ray spectroscopy and radiation hazard indices were also calculated. The area Huambo shows elevated226Ra and232Th values which can be explained by its older geological formations.40K concentrations are low in general. Regarding external radiation risk, adobe from Angola is safe to use as building material.
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Adewoyin OO, Omeje M, Joel ES, Odetunmibi OA. STATISTICAL ESTIMATION OF RADIOLOGICAL HAZARDS FROM RADIONUCLIDE CONTENTS IN BUILDING MATERIALS. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2019; 185:519-525. [PMID: 31329979 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncz047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Thirteen (13) types of building tiles and Sharp sand commonly used for building purposes were collected for their radionuclide contents analysis using gamma ray spectrometry. The average value of the Radium equivalent activity is 208.81 Bq/kg for all samples considered was found to be lower than the recommended safe limit of 370 Bq/kg. Similarly, both external and internal hazard indices (Hex and Hin) were noted to have mean values of 0.57 and 0.73, respectively, which were lower than the recommended safe standard of 1. More so, the average absorbed gamma dose rate was observed to be 94.31 nGy/h, much higher than the recommended safe limit of 59 nGy/h.
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Affiliation(s)
- O O Adewoyin
- Department of Physics, College of Science and Technology, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State 112233, Nigeria
| | - M Omeje
- Department of Physics, College of Science and Technology, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State 112233, Nigeria
| | - E S Joel
- Department of Physics, College of Science and Technology, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State 112233, Nigeria
| | - O A Odetunmibi
- Department of Mathematics, College of Science and Technology, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State 112233, Nigeria
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13
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Evaluation of elemental concentrations of uranium, thorium and potassium in top soils from Kuwait. NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.net.2019.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Joel ES, Maxwell O, Adewoyin OO, Olawole OC, Arijaje TE, Embong Z, Saeed MA. Investigation of natural environmental radioactivity concentration in soil of coastaline area of Ado-Odo/Ota Nigeria and its radiological implications. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4219. [PMID: 30862825 PMCID: PMC6414599 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40884-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural radioactivity in coastaline area soil of Ado-Odo/Ota has been carried out to ascertain the presence of radionuclides using gamma-ray spectroscopy (HPGe detector). The result showed that U-238, Th-232 and K-40 ranged from 24 ± 7-49 ± 10; 67 ± 6-120 ± 9 and 88 ± 17-139 ± 20 Bqkg-1 respectively. The radium equivalent for the samples ranged from 132.51 to 230.91 Bqkg-1 with mean value of 185.89 Bqkg-1. The mean value for the gamma dose rate for the soil samples was estimated to be 81.32 nGyh-1. The estimated values of annual effective dose equivalent ranged from 0.61 to 1.07 mSv y-1. The estimation of alpha index representative (Iα) ranged from 0.12 to 0.24 with mean value of 0.21 while the gamma representative index ranged between 0.465 and 0.810. The activity utilization index of the soil samples ranged from 1.09 to 1.89 with mean value of 1.53. The radiological implication in the study area has shown that the soil samples with gamma dose rate value of 89.99 nGyh-1, 94.39 nGyh-1, 97.40 nGyh-1 and 101.04 nGyh-1 respectively are higher than the recommended value of 80 nGyh-1 and may pose health implication for long term exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- E S Joel
- Department of Physics, Covenant University Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria.
| | - O Maxwell
- Department of Physics, Covenant University Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - O O Adewoyin
- Department of Physics, Covenant University Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - O C Olawole
- Department of Physics, Covenant University Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - T E Arijaje
- Department of Physics, Covenant University Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Z Embong
- Faculty of Applied Science and Teknologi, (FAST) Universiti Tun Hussein Onn, Malaysia Pagoh Campus. Km 1, Jalan Panchor, 84600, Muar, Johor, Malaysia
| | - M A Saeed
- Division of Science and Technology, University of Education Township, Lahore, Pakistan
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15
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Adagunodo TA, Hammed OS, Usikalu MR, Ayara WA, Ravisankar R. Data on the radiometric survey over a kaolinitic terrain in Dahomey Basin, Nigeria. Data Brief 2018; 18:814-822. [PMID: 29900243 PMCID: PMC5996398 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2018.03.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This article consists the in situ data sets of activity concentrations of radionuclides (K-40, Th-232 and U-238) and gamma radiation dose rates measured about 1 m above a kaolinitic terrain in Ifonyintedo, Dahomey Basin, SW Nigeria. Nineteen (19) data points were randomly occupied at the lower axis of the kaolin field using a hand-held detector known as Super-Spec (RS 125). At each data point, the measurements were taken four times, while their averages and standard deviations were estimated in order to ensure accuracy. The radiometric survey was carried out between December, 2017 and January, 2018. The data sets were processed and analyzed via a descriptive statistics. The data can be explored further by estimating the radiological risks to the miners on the field, and to correlate the activity concentrations of the data with the activity concentrations of the tiles that are produced from the kaolin deposits in Ifonyintedo. Furthermore, the data from this article could be compared with other data acquired over a kaolinitic terrain across the globe.
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Affiliation(s)
- T A Adagunodo
- Department of Physics, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - O S Hammed
- Department of Physics, Federal University of Oye Ekiti, Oye Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - M R Usikalu
- Department of Physics, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - W A Ayara
- Department of Physics, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - R Ravisankar
- Post Graduate and Research Department of Physics, Government Arts College, Tiruvanamalai 606603, Tamilnadu, India
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16
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Joel ES, Maxwell O, Adewoyin OO, Ehi-Eromosele CO, Saeed MA. Comparative Analysis of Natural Radioactivity Content in Tiles made in Nigeria and Imported Tiles from China. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1842. [PMID: 29382885 PMCID: PMC5789825 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20309-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
In this investigation, natural radioactive contents in tiles manufactured in Nigeria and tiles imported from China were measured using gamma ray spectroscopy. High Purity Germanium detector was used to estimate the concentrations of some radioisotopes present in 17 samples of various tiles from Nigeria and China. The average activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K for the tiles were found to be 68.2 ± 0.5; 173.9 ± 9.2 and 490 ± 15 Bq/kg and 58.2 ± 0.5, 161.5 ± 9.4 and 455.7 ± 15.1 Bq/kg for the tiles from Nigeria and China respectively. Radiological hazard indices such as absorbed dose rate, radium equivalent activity, external Hazard Index (Hex), internal Hazard Index (Hin), Annual Effective Dose (mSv/y), Gamma activity Index (Iγ) and Alpha Index (Iα) were determined for both kind of tiles from Nigeria and China. The mean values obtained were: 354.56 and 317.16 Bq/kg; 169.22 nGyh-1 and 153.92 nGyh-1; 0.95 and 0.87; 1.14 and 1.08; 1.59 mSv/y and 1.52 mSv/y; 1 and 1.15 and; 0.34 and 0.29 respectively. The mean value of radium equivalent obtained in this study is less than that of the international reference value of 370 Bq/kg for the both kind of tiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- E S Joel
- Department of Physics, Covenant University Ota, Ota, Nigeria.
| | - O Maxwell
- Department of Physics, Covenant University Ota, Ota, Nigeria
| | - O O Adewoyin
- Department of Physics, Covenant University Ota, Ota, Nigeria
| | | | - M A Saeed
- Division of Science and Technology, University of Education Township, Lahore, Pakistan
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17
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Joel E, Maxwell O, Adewoyin O, Ehi-Eromosele C, Embong Z, Oyawoye F. Assessment of natural radioactivity in various commercial tiles used for building purposes in Nigeria. MethodsX 2018; 5:8-19. [PMID: 29387568 PMCID: PMC5771965 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2017.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated the activity concentration of natural radionuclides (226Ra, 232Th and 40K) for fifteen (15) different brands of tile samples used for building purposes in Nigeria. The tile samples were analyzed using High purity Germanium gamma detector. The mean activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K were observed to be 61.1 ± 5.5 Bq/kg, 70.2 ± 6.08 Bq/kg and 514.7 ± 59.8 Bq/kg respectively. Various hazard indices such as absorbed dose rate, external and internal hazard index, annual effective dose rate, Gamma activity Index (Iγ) and Alpha Index (Iα) were calculated. The obtained results showed that the mean radium equivalent activity (Raeq), the absorbed dose rate (D), external and internal hazard index, the annual effective dose (AEDR) equivalent, Gamma activity Index (Iγ) and Alpha Index (Iα) were: 204.42 Bq/kg, 177.61 nGyh-1, 0.55, 0.77, 0.96 mSvyr-1, 0.74 and 0.32 respectively. The average value of radium equivalent obtained in this study is less than that of the recommended value of 370 Bq/kg but the average values of the other radiological hazards for some samples are found to be slightly above international recommended values except Hex, Hin and AEDE which are within the international reference value of unity. The measured concentrations of these radioactive materials were correlated with other previous result obtained from similar tile materials used in other countries and found to be in good agreement with the international standard, however, the tiles are recommended for decoration purposes in Nigeria.
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Affiliation(s)
- E.S. Joel
- Department of Physics, Covenant University Ota, Nigeria
| | - O. Maxwell
- Department of Physics, Covenant University Ota, Nigeria
| | - O.O. Adewoyin
- Department of Physics, Covenant University Ota, Nigeria
| | | | - Z. Embong
- Faculty of Applied Science and Teknologi, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn, Malaysia Pagoh Campus. km 1, Jalan Panchor 84600, Muar, Johor, Malaysia
| | - F. Oyawoye
- Department of Geosciences, University of Lagos, Nigeria
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18
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Measurement of naturally occurring radioactive material, 238U and 232Th: part 2—optimization of counting time. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-017-5205-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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19
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Maxwell O, Wagiran H, Adewoyin O, Joel ES, Adeleye N, Embong Z, Tenebe IT. Radiological and chemical toxicity risks of uranium in groundwater based-drinking at Immigration Headquarters Gosa and Federal Housing Lugbe area of Abuja, North Central Nigeria. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-016-4997-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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20
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Maxwell O, Wagiran H. Tectonic and radioactivity impacts of 238U on groundwater-based drinking water at Gosa and Lugbe areas of Abuja, North Central Nigeria. J NUCL SCI TECHNOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00223131.2015.1015467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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21
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Mohamed Johar S, Embong Z. The optimisation of electrokinetic remediation for heavy metals and radioactivity contamination on Holyrood-Lunas soil (acrisol species) in Sri Gading Industrial Area, Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2015; 167:160-164. [PMID: 25920778 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncv236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The optimisation of electrokinetic remediation of an alluvial soil, locally named as Holyrood-Lunas from Sri Gading Industrial Area, Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia, had been conducted in this research. This particular soil was chosen due to its relatively high level of background radiation in a range between 139.2 and 539.4 nGy h(-1). As the background radiation is correlated to the amount of parent nuclides, (238)U and (232)Th, hence, a remediation technique, such as electrokinetic, is very useful in reducing these particular concentrations of heavy metal and radionuclides in soils. Several series of electrokinetics experiments were performed in laboratory scale in order to study the influence of certain electrokinetic parameters in soil. The concentration before (pre-electrokinetic) and after the experiment (post-electrokinetic) was determined via X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis technique. The best electrokinetic parameter that contributed to the highest achievable concentration removal of heavy metals and radionuclides on each experimental series was incorporated into a final electrokinetic experiment. Here, High Pure Germanium (HPGe) was used for radioactivity elemental analysis. The XRF results suggested that the most optimised electrokinetic parameters for Cr, Ni, Zn, As, Pb, Th and U were 3.0 h, 90 volts, 22.0 cm, plate-shaped electrode by 8 × 8 cm and in 1-D configuration order whereas the selected optimised electrokinetic parameters gave very low reduction of (238)U and (232)Th at 0.23 ± 2.64 and 2.74 ± 23.78 ppm, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mohamed Johar
- Faculty of Science, Technology and Human Development, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, 86400 Parit Raja, Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Z Embong
- Faculty of Science, Technology and Human Development, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, 86400 Parit Raja, Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia Research Center for Soft Soil (RECESS), Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, 86400 Parit Raja, Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia
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Maxwell O, Wagiran H, Lee S, Embong Z, Ugwuoke P. Radioactivity level and toxic elemental concentration in groundwater at Dei-Dei and Kubwa areas of Abuja, north-central Nigeria. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2014.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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23
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Natural radioactivity and geological influence on subsurface layers at Kubwa and Gosa area of Abuja, Northcentral Nigeria. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-014-3442-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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