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Passos LS, de Almeida ÉC, Villela A, Fernandes AN, Marinho MM, Gomes LC, Pinto E. Cyanotoxins and water quality parameters as risk assessment indicators for aquatic life in reservoirs. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 241:113828. [PMID: 36068755 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We assessed the extent of pollution in an essential public water supply reservoir (southeastern Brazil). An environmental monitoring study was performed at the Billings Reservoir (at the water catchment site) to assess the water quality in 2017, 2018, and 2019. Physicochemical parameters were analyzed, quantifying the total cyanobacteria and the cyanotoxins microcystins (MCs) and saxitoxins (SXTs), as well as their possible ecological risk to the aquatic environment. We also determined metals and metalloids (As, Ba, Cd, Pb, Cu, Cr, Fe, Mn, Ni, Zn, and Sb) and fecal bacteria (Escherichia coli). Monthly samplings were performed for 2017, 2018, and 2019 (totaling 36 sampling campaigns). Metals, metalloids, and E. coli values were below the maximum limit allowed by the Brazilian legislation. High concentrations of total cyanobacteria (3.07 × 104 - 3.23 × 105 cells/mL), microcystin variants MC-LR (0.67-23.63 μg/L), MC-LA (0.03-8.66 μg/L), MC-RR (0.56-7.92 μg/L), and MC-YR (0.04-1.24 μg/L), as well as the saxitoxins GTX2 (0.18-5.37 μg/L), GTX3 (0.13-4.40 μg/L), and STX (0.12-2.92 μg/L) were detected. From an ecotoxicological point of view, the estimated values for the risk quotient (RQ) for microcystins and saxitoxins were largely greater than 1, indicating a high risk to aquatic life. Therefore, further efforts need to be made to delay the eutrophication of the reservoir.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Souza Passos
- Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Av. Centenário, 13416-000 Piracicaba, Brazil; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 05508-000 São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Éryka Costa de Almeida
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 05508-000 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Villela
- Laboratory of Ictiology of Altamira, Federal University of Pará, Rua Cel. José Porfírio, 68378-000 Altamira, Brazil
| | - Adilson Nunes Fernandes
- Departamento de Recursos Hídricos Metropolitanos (MAR), Companhia de Saneamento Básico do Estado de São Paulo (SABESP), Rua Costa Carvalho, 05429-900 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Manzi Marinho
- Department of Plant Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rua São Francisco Xavier, 20550-900 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Levy Carvalho Gomes
- Laboratory of Applied Ichthyology, Vila Velha University, Rua José Dantas de Melo, 29102-770 Vila Velha, Brazil
| | - Ernani Pinto
- Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Av. Centenário, 13416-000 Piracicaba, Brazil; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 05508-000 São Paulo, Brazil; Food Research Center (FoRC-CEPID), University of São Paulo, Rua do Lago, 05508-080 São Paulo, Brazil
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Persistence of Antibiotic-Resistant Escherichia coli Strains Belonging to the B2 Phylogroup in Municipal Wastewater under Aerobic Conditions. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11020202. [PMID: 35203805 PMCID: PMC8868233 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11020202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli is classified into four major phylogenetic groups (A, B1, B2, and D) that are associated with antibiotic resistance genes. Although antibiotic-resistant E. coli is commonly detected in municipal wastewater, little is known about the relationship between the phylogenetic groups and antibiotic-resistant E. coli in wastewater. In this study, the survival of E. coli in wastewater and the changes to the relationships between each phylogroup and the antibiotic-resistant profiles of E. coli isolates from wastewater were investigated under aerobic conditions for 14 days. The isolates were classified into the phylogroups A, B1, B2, and D or others by multiplex PCR. In addition, the susceptibility of the isolates to 11 antibiotics was assessed with the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay. While E. coli counts decreased in the wastewater with time under aerobic conditions, the prevalence of phylogroup B2 had increased to 73% on day 14. Furthermore, the MIC assay revealed that the abundance of antibiotic-resistant E. coli also increased on day 14. After batch-mixing the experiments under aerobic conditions, the surviving antibiotic-resistant E. coli included mainly multidrug-resistant and beta-lactamase-producing isolates belonging to phylogroup B2. These results suggest that the phylogroup B2 isolates that have acquired antibiotic resistance had a high survivability in the treated wastewater.
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Semensatto D, Labuto G, Zorzal-Almeida S, McRae DV. Spatio-temporal changes in water quality in the Guarapiranga reservoir (São Paulo, Brazil): insights from a long-term monitoring data series. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2021; 193:380. [PMID: 34081214 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-021-09167-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The provision of drinking water in metropolises is a challenge that requires programs for continuous monitoring of water quality and processes that impact the land cover of the watershed. In this work, we investigated through multivariate statistical analysis the temporal and spatial trends of several variables, not yet explored in a data series that includes 42 years (1978-2020) of monitoring in the hydrographic basin of the Guarapiranga reservoir, in the São Paulo Metropolitan Region-SPMR (Brazil). This reservoir is the source of drinking water for 3.8 million people and plays a strategic role in the social, environmental, and economic structure at SPMR. Our results point to the continuous degradation of water quality in the reservoir, although with different causes and spatio-temporal aspects. Between the 1970s and 1980s, variables associated with erosion/silting played a more critical role. From the 1990s, the introduction of N and P intensified, and the concentration of thermotolerant coliforms increased. The loss of quality is mainly associated with the progressive advance of urban settlements without planning combined with the inefficient initiatives to control domestic sewage pollution. If there is no rapid and comprehensive intervention, there is a risk that the Guarapiranga reservoir may become unsuitable for drinking water supply and other types of use in the future. This scenario will represent a critical obstacle to regional development and the quality of life of the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Décio Semensatto
- Laboratory of Integrated Sciences (LabInSciences), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), Rua Prof. Artur Riedel, (SP), 275, Diadema, Brazil.
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), Rua Prof. Artur Riedel, Diadema, (SP), 275, Brazil.
| | - Geórgia Labuto
- Laboratory of Integrated Sciences (LabInSciences), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), Rua Prof. Artur Riedel, (SP), 275, Diadema, Brazil
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), Rua Prof. Artur Riedel, Diadema, (SP), 275, Brazil
| | - Stéfano Zorzal-Almeida
- Department of Biology, Center of Human and Natural Sciences, Universidade Federal Do Espírito Santo (UFES), Avenida Fernando Ferrari, Vitória, (ES), 514, Brazil
| | - Douglas V McRae
- Department of History, Georgetown University, 3700 O Street NW, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
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Castro VS, Figueiredo EEDS, Stanford K, McAllister T, Conte-Junior CA. Shiga-Toxin Producing Escherichia Coli in Brazil: A Systematic Review. Microorganisms 2019; 7:E137. [PMID: 31100803 PMCID: PMC6560443 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7050137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Shiga-toxin producing E. coli (STEC) can cause serious illnesses, including hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic uremic syndrome. This is the first systematic review of STEC in Brazil, and will report the main serogroups detected in animals, food products and foodborne diseases. Data were obtained from online databases accessed in January 2019. Papers were selected from each database using the Mesh term entries. Although no human disease outbreaks in Brazil related to STEC has been reported, the presence of several serogroups such as O157 and O111 has been verified in animals, food, and humans. Moreover, other serogroups monitored by international federal agencies and involved in outbreak cases worldwide were detected, and other unusual strains were involved in some isolated individual cases of foodborne disease, such as serotype O118:H16 and serogroup O165. The epidemiological data presented herein indicates the presence of several pathogenic serogroups, including O157:H7, O26, O103, and O111, which have been linked to disease outbreaks worldwide. As available data are concentrated in the Sao Paulo state and almost completely lacking in outlying regions, epidemiological monitoring in Brazil for STEC needs to be expanded and food safety standards for this pathogen should be aligned to that of the food safety standards of international bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinicius Silva Castro
- Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-909 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
- Agronomy and Animal Science College, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, 78060-900 Cuiabá-Mato Grosso, Brazil.
- Nutrition College, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, 78060-900 Cuiabá-Mato Grosso, Brazil.
- Department of Food Technology, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Fluminense, 24230-340 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Eduardo Eustáquio de Souza Figueiredo
- Agronomy and Animal Science College, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, 78060-900 Cuiabá-Mato Grosso, Brazil.
- Nutrition College, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, 78060-900 Cuiabá-Mato Grosso, Brazil.
- Alberta Agriculture and Forestry, #100-5401 1st Ave. S, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4V6, Canada.
| | - Kim Stanford
- Alberta Agriculture and Forestry, #100-5401 1st Ave. S, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4V6, Canada.
| | - Tim McAllister
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, 5403 1st Avenue South, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada.
| | - Carlos Adam Conte-Junior
- Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-909 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
- Department of Food Technology, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Fluminense, 24230-340 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
- National Institute of Health Quality Control, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, 21040-900 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Stoppe NDC, Silva JS, Carlos C, Sato MIZ, Saraiva AM, Ottoboni LMM, Torres TT. Worldwide Phylogenetic Group Patterns of Escherichia coli from Commensal Human and Wastewater Treatment Plant Isolates. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:2512. [PMID: 29312213 PMCID: PMC5742620 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli is an important microorganism in the gastrointestinal tract of warm-blooded animals. Commensal populations of E. coli consist of stable genetic isolates, which means that each individual has only one phylogenetic group (phylogroup). We evaluated the frequency of human commensal E. coli phylogroups from 116 people and observed that the majority of isolates belonged to group A. We also evaluated the frequency of phylogroups in wastewater samples and found a strong positive correlation between the phylogroup distribution in wastewater and human hosts. In order to find out if some factors, such as geographical location, and climate could influence the worldwide phylogroup distribution, we performed a meta-analysis of 39 different studies and 24 countries, including different climates, living areas, and feeding habits. Unexpectedly, our results showed no substructuring patterns of phylogroups; indicating there was no correlation between phylogroup distribution and geographic location, climate, living area, feeding habits, or date of collection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy de Castro Stoppe
- Centro de Biologia Molecular e Engenharia Genética, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.,Núcleo de Pesquisa em Biodiversidade e Computação (BioComp-USP)-Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana S Silva
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Biodiversidade e Computação (BioComp-USP)-Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Secretaria de Estado de Saúde de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Brazil.,Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Camila Carlos
- Centro de Biologia Molecular e Engenharia Genética, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Maria I Z Sato
- Departamento de Análises Ambientais, Companhia Ambiental do Estado de São Paulo-CETESB, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antonio M Saraiva
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Biodiversidade e Computação (BioComp-USP)-Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Departamento de Engenharia de Computação e Sistemas Digitais, Escola Politécnica da USP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Laura M M Ottoboni
- Centro de Biologia Molecular e Engenharia Genética, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Tatiana T Torres
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Biodiversidade e Computação (BioComp-USP)-Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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6
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Gambero ML, Blarasin M, Bettera S, Giuliano Albo J. Genetic diversity of Escherichia coli isolates from surface water and groundwater in a rural environment. JOURNAL OF WATER AND HEALTH 2017; 15:757-765. [PMID: 29040078 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2017.281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The genetic characteristics among Escherichia coli strains can be grouped by origin of isolation. Then, it is possible to use the genotypes as a tool to determine the source of water contamination. The aim of this study was to define water aptitude for human consumption in a rural basin and to assess the diversity of E. coli water populations. Thus, it was possible to identify the main sources of fecal contamination and to explore linkages with the hydrogeological environment and land uses. The bacteriological analysis showed that more than 50% of samples were unfit for human consumption. DNA fingerprinting analysis by BOX-PCR indicated low genotypic diversity of E. coli isolates taken from surface water and groundwater. The results suggested the presence of a dominant source of fecal contamination. The relationship between low genotypic diversity and land use would prove that water contamination comes from livestock. The genetic diversity of E. coli isolated from surface water was less than that identified in groundwater because of the different hydraulic features of both environments. Furthermore, each one of the two big strain groups identified in this basin is located in different sub-basins, showing that hydrological dynamics exerts selective pressure on bacteria DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Laura Gambero
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Section Microbiology, National University of Río Cuarto, Ruta Nac. 36 - Km. 601, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina E-mail:
| | - Monica Blarasin
- Laboratory Hydrogeology, Section Geology, National University of Río Cuarto, Ruta Nac. 36 - Km. 601, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Susana Bettera
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Section Microbiology, National University of Río Cuarto, Ruta Nac. 36 - Km. 601, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina E-mail:
| | - Jesica Giuliano Albo
- Laboratory Hydrogeology, Section Geology, National University of Río Cuarto, Ruta Nac. 36 - Km. 601, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
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7
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Laffite A, Kilunga PI, Kayembe JM, Devarajan N, Mulaji CK, Giuliani G, Slaveykova VI, Poté J. Hospital Effluents Are One of Several Sources of Metal, Antibiotic Resistance Genes, and Bacterial Markers Disseminated in Sub-Saharan Urban Rivers. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1128. [PMID: 27499749 PMCID: PMC4956658 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Data concerning the occurrence of emerging biological contaminants such as antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) in aquatic environments in Sub-Saharan African countries is limited. On the other hand, antibiotic resistance remains a worldwide problem which may pose serious potential risks to human and animal health. Consequently, there is a growing number of reports concerning the prevalence and dissemination of these contaminants into various environmental compartments. Sediments provide the opportunity to reconstruct the pollution history and evaluate impacts so this study investigates the abundance and distribution of toxic metals, FIB, and ARGs released from hospital effluent wastewaters and their presence in river sediments receiving systems. ARGs (bla TEM, bla CTX-M, bla SHV, and aadA), total bacterial load, and selected bacterial species FIB [Escherichia coli, Enterococcus (ENT)] and species (Psd) were quantified by targeting species specific genes using quantitative PCR (qPCR) in total DNA extracted from the sediments recovered from 4 hospital outlet pipes (HOP) and their river receiving systems in the City of Kinshasa in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The results highlight the great concentration of toxic metals in HOP, reaching the values (in mg kg(-1)) of 47.9 (Cr), 213.6 (Cu), 1434.4 (Zn), 2.6 (Cd), 281.5 (Pb), and 13.6 (Hg). The results also highlight the highest (P < 0.05) values of 16S rRNA, FIB, and ARGs copy numbers in all sampling sites including upstream (control site), discharge point, and downstream of receiving rivers, indicating that the hospital effluent water is not an exclusive source of the biological contaminants entering the urban rivers. Significant correlation were observed between (i) all analyzed ARGs and total bacterial load (16S rRNA) 0.51 to 0.72 (p < 0.001, n = 65); (ii) ARGs (except bla TEM) and FIB and Psd 0.57 < r < 0.82 (p < 0.001, n = 65); and (iii) ARGs (except bla TEM) and toxic metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, and Zn) 0.44 to 0.72, (p < 0.001, n = 65). These findings demonstrate that several sources including hospital and urban wastewaters contribute to the spread of toxic metals and biological emerging contaminants in aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandine Laffite
- Faculty of Science, Earth and Environmental Science Section, F.-A. Forel Institute and Institute of Environmental Sciences, University of Geneva Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Pitchouna I Kilunga
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kinshasa Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - John M Kayembe
- Département de Géographie-Science de l'Environnement, Faculté des Sciences, Université Pédagogique Nationale Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Naresh Devarajan
- Faculty of Science, Earth and Environmental Science Section, F.-A. Forel Institute and Institute of Environmental Sciences, University of Geneva Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Crispin K Mulaji
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kinshasa Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Gregory Giuliani
- Faculty of Science, Earth and Environmental Science Section, F.-A. Forel Institute and Institute of Environmental Sciences, University of GenevaGeneva, Switzerland; enviroSPACE Lab., Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of GenevaGeneva, Switzerland; United Nations Environment Programme, Division of Early Warning and Assessment, Global Resource Information Database - Geneva, International Environment HouseGeneva, Switzerland
| | - Vera I Slaveykova
- Faculty of Science, Earth and Environmental Science Section, F.-A. Forel Institute and Institute of Environmental Sciences, University of Geneva Geneva, Switzerland
| | - John Poté
- Faculty of Science, Earth and Environmental Science Section, F.-A. Forel Institute and Institute of Environmental Sciences, University of GenevaGeneva, Switzerland; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of KinshasaKinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo; Département de Géographie-Science de l'Environnement, Faculté des Sciences, Université Pédagogique NationaleKinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
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8
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Ribeiro L, Barbosa M, de Rezende Pinto F, Guariz C, Maluta R, Rossi J, Rossi G, Lemos M, do Amaral L. Shiga toxigenic and enteropathogenic Escherichia coli
in water and fish from pay-to-fish ponds. Lett Appl Microbiol 2016; 62:216-20. [DOI: 10.1111/lam.12536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Revised: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L.F. Ribeiro
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias (FCAV); UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista; Jaboticabal São Paulo Brazil
| | - M.M.C. Barbosa
- Instituto Federal de Educação; Ciência e Tecnologia do Ceará (IFCE) - Avenida José de Freitas Queiroz; Quixadá Ceará Brazil
| | - F. de Rezende Pinto
- Faculdade de Veterinária; Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPEL) - Campus Universitário Capão do Leão; Pelotas Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
| | - C.S.L. Guariz
- Campus Experimental de Dracena; UNESP; Dracena São Paulo Brazil
| | - R.P. Maluta
- Departamento de Genética, Evolução e Bioagentes; Instituto de Biologia; Universidade de Campinas (UNICAMP); Campinas São Paulo Brazil
| | - J.R. Rossi
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias (FCAV); UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista; Jaboticabal São Paulo Brazil
| | - G.A.M. Rossi
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias (FCAV); UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista; Jaboticabal São Paulo Brazil
| | - M.V.F. Lemos
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias (FCAV); UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista; Jaboticabal São Paulo Brazil
| | - L.A. do Amaral
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias (FCAV); UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista; Jaboticabal São Paulo Brazil
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Chandran A, Mazumder A. Investigation on the temporal variation and source tracking of faecal bacteria in a forest dominated watershed (Comox Lake), British Columbia, Canada. J Appl Microbiol 2015; 119:1718-28. [PMID: 26456882 DOI: 10.1111/jam.12969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Revised: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The aims of this study were to investigate the temporal variation in Escherichia coli density and its sources at the drinking water intake of Comox Lake for a period of 3 years (2011-2013). METHODS AND RESULTS Density of E. coli was assessed by standard membrane filtration method. Source tracking of E. coli were done by using BOX-A1R-based rep-PCR DNA fingerprinting method. Over the years, the mean E. coli density ranged from nondetectable to 9·8 CFU 100 ml(-1) . The density of E. coli in each of the years did not show any significant difference (P > 0·05); however, a comparatively higher density was observed during the fall. Wildlife was (64·28%, 153/238) identified as the major contributing source of E. coli, followed by human (18·06%, 43/238) and unknown sources (17·64%, 42/238). Although the sources were varied by year and season, over all, the predominant contributing sources were black bear, human, unknown, elk, horse and gull. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this investigation identified the multiple animal sources contributing faecal bacteria into the drinking water intake of Comox Lake and their varying temporal occurrence. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The results of this study can reliably inform the authorities about the most vulnerable period (season) of faecal bacterial loading and their potential sources in the lake for improving risk assessment and pollution mitigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Chandran
- Department of Biology, Water and Aquatic Sciences Research Program, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - A Mazumder
- Department of Biology, Water and Aquatic Sciences Research Program, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
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10
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Lösch LS, Gariboglio Vázquez ML, Rivas M, Merino LA. [Detection of virulence genes of the enteroaggregative pathotype in Escherichia coli strains isolated from groundwater sources in the province of Chaco, Argentina]. Rev Argent Microbiol 2015; 47:88-94. [PMID: 26026228 DOI: 10.1016/j.ram.2015.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Revised: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Groundwater is an important source of drinking water for many communities in Northern Argentina; particularly, in the province of Chaco, where about 14% of households use this natural resource. Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli is an emerging pathogen whose global importance in public health has increased in recent years. Despite the significant risk of disease linked to contaminated water exposure, the prevalence of E. coli pathotypes in aquatic environments is still not so well defined. The aim of the present study was to detect the presence of typical enteroaggregative E. coli through the recognition of its virulence factors aap, AA probe and aggR by molecular techniques. A total of 93 water samples from different small communities of Chaco were analyzed. E. coli was identified in 36 (38.7%) of the tested samples. Six strains isolated from different samples harbored the studied genes. Of these 6 isolates, 3 carried the aap gene, 2 the AA probe and the last one the combination of aap/aggR genes. The prevalence of E. coli isolates harboring enteroaggregative virulence genes in groundwater sources was 6.4%. This work represents the first contribution to the study of the presence and distribution of virulence genes of EAEC in groundwater sources in this region of Argentina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana S Lösch
- Área de Bacteriología, Instituto de Medicina Regional, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Resistencia, Chaco, Argentina; Cátedra de Microbiología, Parasitología e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Corrientes, Argentina.
| | - María L Gariboglio Vázquez
- Área de Bacteriología, Instituto de Medicina Regional, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Resistencia, Chaco, Argentina
| | - Marta Rivas
- Servicio Fisiopatogenia, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas-ANLIS «Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán», Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Luis A Merino
- Área de Bacteriología, Instituto de Medicina Regional, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Resistencia, Chaco, Argentina; Cátedra de Microbiología, Parasitología e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Corrientes, Argentina
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11
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de Castro Stoppe N, Silva JS, Torres TT, Carlos C, Hachich EM, Sato MIZ, Saraiva AM, Ottoboni LMM. Clustering of water bodies in unpolluted and polluted environments based on Escherichia coli phylogroup abundance using a simple interaction database. Genet Mol Biol 2014; 37:694-701. [PMID: 25505844 PMCID: PMC4261969 DOI: 10.1590/s1415-47572014005000016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Different types of water bodies, including lakes, streams, and coastal marine waters, are often susceptible to fecal contamination from a range of point and nonpoint sources, and have been evaluated using fecal indicator microorganisms. The most commonly used fecal indicator is Escherichia coli, but traditional cultivation methods do not allow discrimination of the source of pollution. The use of triplex PCR offers an approach that is fast and inexpensive, and here enabled the identification of phylogroups. The phylogenetic distribution of E. coli subgroups isolated from water samples revealed higher frequencies of subgroups A1 and B23 in rivers impacted by human pollution sources, while subgroups D1 and D2 were associated with pristine sites, and subgroup B1 with domesticated animal sources, suggesting their use as a first screening for pollution source identification. A simple classification is also proposed based on phylogenetic subgroup distribution using the w-clique metric, enabling differentiation of polluted and unpolluted sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy de Castro Stoppe
- Centro de Biologia Molecular e Engenharia Genética , Universidade Estadual de Campinas , Campinas, SP , Brazil . ; Núcleo de Pesquisa em Biodiversidade e Computação , Universidade de São Paulo , São Paulo, SP , Brazil
| | - Juliana Saragiotto Silva
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Biodiversidade e Computação , Universidade de São Paulo , São Paulo, SP , Brazil . ; Instituto Federal de Educação , Ciência e Tecnologia de Mato Grosso , Cuiabá, MT , Brazil
| | - Tatiana Teixeira Torres
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Biodiversidade e Computação , Universidade de São Paulo , São Paulo, SP , Brazil . ; Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva , Instituto de Biociências , Universidade de São Paulo , São Paulo, SP , Brazil
| | - Camila Carlos
- Centro de Biologia Molecular e Engenharia Genética , Universidade Estadual de Campinas , Campinas, SP , Brazil
| | - Elayse Maria Hachich
- Departamento de Análises Ambientais , Companhia de Tecnologia de Saneamento Ambiental , São Paulo, SP , Brazil
| | - Maria Inês Zanoli Sato
- Departamento de Análises Ambientais , Companhia de Tecnologia de Saneamento Ambiental , São Paulo, SP , Brazil
| | - Antonio Mauro Saraiva
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Biodiversidade e Computação , Universidade de São Paulo , São Paulo, SP , Brazil . ; Departamento de Engenharia de Computação e Sistemas Digitais , Escola Politécnica , Universidade de São Paulo , São Paulo, SP , Brazil
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Barbosa MMC, Pinto FDR, Ribeiro LF, Guriz CSL, Ferraudo AS, Maluta RP, Rigobelo EC, Ávila FA, Amaral LA. Sorologia e suscetibilidade antimicrobiana em isolados de Escherichia coli de pesque-pagues. ARQUIVOS DO INSTITUTO BIOLÓGICO 2014. [DOI: 10.1590/s1808-16572014000100008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Pesquisou-se a ocorrência de Escherichia coli (EPEC, EIEC, O157) em água e peixe (pele, trato digestivo e músculo) de pesque-pagues da microbacia do Córrego Rico, Jaboticabal (SP). Foram isoladas 115 cepas de E. coli, entre as quais 49 (43%) foram sorogrupadas como EPEC. Os sorogrupos mais frequentes foram O125, O126 e O158. Dentre as amostras testadas, 60 (52%) apresentaram resistência simultânea a dois antimicrobianos. A análise de correspondência foi realizada com o intuito de verificar as possíveis correspondências envolvendo o local de isolamento, sorogrupos e multirresistência e, com isso, pôde-se observar que o músculo apresentou menor correspondência com os demais fatores analisados. Porém, o isolamento de sorogrupos EPEC neste estudo representa risco à saúde dos consumidores.
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13
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Pereira A, Santos A, Tacão M, Alves A, Henriques I, Correia A. Genetic diversity and antimicrobial resistance of Escherichia coli from Tagus estuary (Portugal). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2013; 461-462:65-71. [PMID: 23714246 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.04.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2012] [Revised: 04/23/2013] [Accepted: 04/23/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Fecal pollution of surface waters is a current world-wide public health concern and may contribute for the dissemination of antibiotic resistance. The Tagus estuary located in the south of Portugal is one of the largest wetlands in the west coast of Europe. In this study, water samples were collected from seven stations with different anthropic pressures along the estuary and evaluated for water quality indicator bacteria. Escherichia coli isolates (n=350) were typed by REP-PCR. Representatives of each REP profile (n=220) were evaluated phenotypically for resistance to 17 antibiotics and characterized in terms of phylogenetic group. Resistant isolates were screened for the presence of antibiotic resistance genes (tet(A), tet(B), sul1, sul2, qnrA, qnrB, qnrS, aacA4-cr, bla(TEM), bla(SHV), bla(CTX-M), bla(CMY-like), bla(IMP), bla(VIM)) and integrase genes (intI1 and intI2). The highest antibiotic resistance prevalence was observed for streptomycin and tetracycline followed by β-lactams and sulphonamides. Among E. coli isolates, 65.16% were resistant to at least one of the 17 antibiotics tested and approximately 19% were multiresistant. In our E. coli population phylo-groups A and D were predominant and characterized by higher prevalence of the antibiotic resistance. intI1 and intI2 genes were found in 12% of the isolates with prevalence of class 1 integrons. A strong correlation between the prevalence of integrons and multiresistance was observed. Differences in terms of antibiotic resistance between phylogenetic groups and between sampling sites were statistically significant. The results demonstrate a high prevalence of antibiotic resistance among E. coli circulating in the Tagus estuary with emphasis on the occurrence of resistance to last-resort antibiotics and on the high incidence of multiresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anabela Pereira
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal
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14
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Méric G, Kemsley EK, Falush D, Saggers EJ, Lucchini S. Phylogenetic distribution of traits associated with plant colonization in Escherichia coli. Environ Microbiol 2012; 15:487-501. [PMID: 22934605 DOI: 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2012.02852.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2012] [Revised: 05/13/2012] [Accepted: 07/15/2012] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Plants are increasingly considered as secondary reservoirs for commensal and pathogenic Escherichia coli strains, but the ecological and functional factors involved in this association are not clear. To address this question, we undertook a comparative approach combining phenotypic and phylogenetic analyses of E. coli isolates from crops and mammalian hosts. Phenotypic profiling revealed significant differences according to the source of isolation. Notably, isolates from plants displayed higher biofilm and extracellular matrix production and higher frequency of utilization of sucrose and the aromatic compound p-hydroxyphenylacetic acid. However, when compared with mammalian-associated strains, they reached lower growth yields on many C-sources commonly used by E. coli. Strikingly, we observed a strong association between phenotypes and E. coli phylogenetic groups. Strains belonging to phylogroup B1 were more likely to harbour traits indicative of a higher ability to colonize plants, whereas phylogroup A and B2 isolates displayed phenotypes linked to an animal-associated lifestyle. This work provides clear indications that E. coli phylogroups are specifically affected by niche-specific selective pressures, and provides an explanation on why E. coli population structures vary in natural environments, implying that different lineages in E. coli have substantially different transmission ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Méric
- Gut Health and Food Safety, Institute of Food Research, Norwich, NR4 7UA, UK
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15
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Carlos C, Alexandrino F, Stoppe NC, Sato MIZ, Ottoboni LMM. Use of Escherichia coli BOX-PCR fingerprints to identify sources of fecal contamination of water bodies in the State of São Paulo, Brazil. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2012; 93:38-43. [PMID: 22054569 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2011.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2010] [Revised: 08/10/2011] [Accepted: 08/12/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Repetitive element sequence-based polymerase chain reaction (rep-PCR) is one of the commonest methods used to identify sources of fecal contamination of water systems. In this work, BOX-A1R-based repetitive extragenic palindromic-PCR (BOX-PCR) was used to discriminate Escherichia coli strains originating from different animals and water sources, and the suitability of the technique for bacterial source tracking (BST) was evaluated. A total of 214 strains from humans, 150 strains from animals, 55 strains from sewage and 77 strains from water bodies were analyzed by the BOX-PCR technique. When maximum similarity between the fingerprints was used, a correct classification rate of 84% was achieved for strains from human and animal sources. Furthermore, 95% of the strains found in sewage were classified as being from human sources by at least one of the four classification tools used. Classification of the strains found in water bodies in the State of São Paulo was based on the fingerprints obtained for human and animal sources. Most of the sampling sites appeared to be affected by mixed sources of fecal contamination. The use of BOX-PCR for BST could be especially valuable in developing countries, where simplicity and cost are important considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Carlos
- Center for Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, State University of Campinas, UNICAMP, C. P. 6010, CEP 13083-875, Campinas, S. P., Brazil
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Microbiological analysis of stuffed mussels sold in the streets. Indian J Microbiol 2011; 51:350-4. [PMID: 22754015 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-011-0174-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2010] [Accepted: 03/08/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Stuffed mussel is a traditional food that sold by street venders in various countries. In the present study, samples of stuffed mussels were collected from various places in Ankara. The mussels were analyzed to show the microbiological risks for human health. Thirty samples (600 stuffed mussels in total) were collected periodically and microbiological analyses were performed by standard procedures for Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella sp., Clostridium sp. In terms of Salmonella sp., approximately 50% of samples were not suitable for consumption. Besides, in accordance with Turkish Food Codex Microbiological Criteria Announcement in terms of E. coli 30%, in terms of B. cereus 80%, in terms of S. aureus 76.6%, in terms of Clostridium perfringens 13.3% of these samples were not suitable for consumption. The aim of this study is to discuss the microbiological quality of stuffed mussels as a ready-to-eat food according to Turkish Food Codex (TFC). The result of this investigation indicates that stuffed mussels as a street food may constitute a potential health hazard, depending on contamination level and lack of sanitary practices, and therefore, handling practices should require more attention and improvement. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s12088-011-0174-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Figueira V, Serra E, Manaia CM. Differential patterns of antimicrobial resistance in population subsets of Escherichia coli isolated from waste- and surface waters. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2011; 409:1017-23. [PMID: 21215425 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2010.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2010] [Revised: 11/19/2010] [Accepted: 12/03/2010] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The species Escherichia coli comprises different subgroups with distinct phylogeny, physiology and ecology and, thus, presumably, with different roles in antimicrobial resistance dissemination. E. coli strains isolated from raw and treated municipal wastewater and from urban water streams were characterized in terms of phylogenetic groups, antimicrobial resistance patterns and the presence of class 1 and class 2 integrons. Our main objective was to investigate the contribution of the different phylo-groups in antimicrobial resistance dissemination in urban waters. Groups A and B1 were predominant in all types of water, evidencing, respectively, the lowest and the highest resistance prevalence. Municipal wastewater treatment was accompanied by significant increases of ciprofloxacin and streptomycin resistance (p<0.01). Antimicrobial resistance prevalence differed significantly between the different phylo-groups and within the same group, mainly in group A. Such differences contributed to explain the higher ciprofloxacin and streptomycin resistance rates observed in treated effluent in comparison with the raw wastewater. We conclude that the dynamics of the bacterial populations has a major role on the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vânia Figueira
- CBQF/Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
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Antibiotic resistance profiles of Escherichia coli isolates from river sources in Durban, South Africa. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-009-0071-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Bukh AS, Schønheyder HC, Emmersen JMG, Søgaard M, Bastholm S, Roslev P. Escherichia coli phylogenetic groups are associated with site of infection and level of antibiotic resistance in community-acquired bacteraemia: a 10 year population-based study in Denmark. J Antimicrob Chemother 2009; 64:163-8. [PMID: 19429665 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkp156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to assess whether Escherichia coli phylogenetic groups were associated with the site of infection and the level of antibiotic resistance in community-acquired bacteraemia (CAB). METHODS The population-based cohort study included 1533 unique isolates of E. coli from Danish patients with CAB during a 10 year period. Triplex PCR was used to classify the phylogenetic groups, and susceptibility testing was performed by disc diffusion. Data were analysed using contingency tables and logistic regression. RESULTS Overall, 65.9% of the 1533 E. coli isolates belonged to phylogroup B2, 16.6% to D, 13.1% to A and 4.4% to B1. B2 was the most prevalent group for all sites of infection, ranging from 69.9% in cases with a urinary tract site of infection to 54.8% in cases with a hepatobiliary tract site of infection. Antibiotic resistance to one and more than three antibiotics, respectively, was most frequent in group D (11.4%/33.9%), followed by A (5.5%/26.9%), B1 (5.9%/19.1%) and B2 (6.7%/7.5%). Regression analysis, with group B2 as reference, confirmed that groups A and B1 were associated with a site of infection other than the urinary tract and that groups A and D were associated with resistance to antibiotics including ampicillin, sulphonamide, trimethoprim, gentamicin and quinolones. CONCLUSIONS Phylogenetic group B2 was predominant in E. coli CAB. This was the least resistant of the four groups. Phylogroups A and B1 were associated with sites of infection other than the urinary tract, and resistance to multiple antibiotics was most prevalent for groups A and D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette S Bukh
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Aalborg Hospital, Aarhus University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.
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