1
|
Steenbergen B, Valtr L, Dunford C, Prunty M, Bekhuis H, Temlali TY, van Abswoude F, Lust JM, Warlop G, Augustijn M, Smits-Engelsman BCM, Wilson PH. Awareness about developmental coordination disorder. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1345257. [PMID: 38362216 PMCID: PMC10867205 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1345257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The present paper is designed to promote awareness of DCD outside the academic world. With a prevalence of 5-6% it is one of the most common disorders of child development. It is therefore surprising that so little is known about it among professionals in child healthcare and education. Parents have expressed frustration about this lack of awareness, including the general public. The general aim of this paper was to describe those critical aspects of DCD that will promote awareness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bert Steenbergen
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Ludvík Valtr
- Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Carolyn Dunford
- Department of Health Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom
| | - Melissa Prunty
- Department of Health Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom
| | - Hidde Bekhuis
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | | | - Femke van Abswoude
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Jessica M. Lust
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Griet Warlop
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mireille Augustijn
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bouwien C. M. Smits-Engelsman
- Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Physical Activity, Sport and Recreation, Faculty Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Peter H. Wilson
- Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czechia
- Healthy Brain and Mind Research Centre, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mancini VO, Licari MK, Alvares GA, McQueen MC, McIntyre S, Reynolds JE, Reid SL, Spittle AJ, Williams J. Psychosocial wellbeing, parental concerns, and familial impact of children with developmental coordination disorder. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2024; 145:104659. [PMID: 38160588 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2023.104659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) is a neurodevelopmental condition impacting motor skill acquisition and competence. While previous studies have identified adverse psychosocial outcomes in DCD, they are limited by small or population-screened, community-based samples. AIMS To understand the psychosocial difficulties, parental concerns, and familial impacts of childhood DCD in a large population-based sample. METHODS AND PROCEDURES Parents of 310 children aged 4 - 18 years with a diagnosis of DCD (or synonymous term) completed the Impact for DCD survey. Parent-rated measures of emotional problems, peer problems, and prosocial behaviour were compared to normative data. Parental concerns for the impact of DCD on participation, interaction, emotional well-being, and the family system were examined. OUTCOMES AND RESULTS Compared to typically developing children, children with DCD were rated significantly higher for emotional and peer problems, and significantly lower for prosocial behaviours. Parents most commonly reported concerns for their child's future and withdrawal from physical activity. The presence of one or more co-occurring disorders did not significantly influence outcomes. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Findings highlight the poor psychosocial outcomes for children with DCD. Crucially, poor psychosocial outcomes were just as likely in those with a single diagnosis of DCD as those with DCD and multiple co-occurring diagnoses. Parents reported concerns for their child (i.e., non-participation and social withdrawal) that are not targeted in existing DCD intervention modalities and emphasised the impact of DCD on the whole family unit. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS This paper presents data from the largest parent-reported survey of children with a known diagnosis of DCD (or synonymous labels). It highlights the significant impact of DCD on psychosocial outcomes in children across age groups. The children in this study were rated by their parents to have significantly higher levels of emotional and peer problems, and lower prosocial behaviours, than similarly aged Australian children without DCD. It also challenges the misconception that poor psychosocial outcomes in DCD are the result of co-occurring disorders, with outcomes observed to be as poor in children with a sole diagnosis of DCD in this sample. Furthermore, findings highlighted the significant worry and concern that parents with DCD face, particularly around their child's participation and their emotional health. Finally, parents reported on the considerable impact that DCD had on their family unit, regularly causing worry and concern, influencing their choice of activities, and causing financial strain. These concerns and impacts are not addressed in current intervention models for DCD and highlight the need for support mechanisms moving forward.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vincent O Mancini
- Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, Australia; UWA Medical School, Division of Paediatrics, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | | | | | - Matthew C McQueen
- School of Human Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia; Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sarah McIntyre
- Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, Australia; Cerebral Palsy Alliance, Specialty of Child & Adolescent Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | | | - Siobhan L Reid
- School of Human Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Alicia J Spittle
- Department of Physiotherapy University of Melbourne, Parkville 3052, Australia
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Medeiros P, Cardoso FL, Cordeiro PC, Paiva Vieira ED, Silva WRD, Tamplain P. Self-esteem, self-efficacy, and social support mediate the relationship between motor proficiency and internalizing problems in adults: Exploring the environmental stress hypothesis in adulthood. Hum Mov Sci 2023; 88:103072. [PMID: 36867976 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2023.103072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
The Environmental Stress Hypothesis (ESH) is a theoretical model used to understand the factors mediating the relationship between motor proficiency and internalizing problems. The aim of this study is to explore a potential extension of the ESH by examining whether BMI, physical activity levels, self-esteem, self-efficacy and social support are potential mediators between motor proficiency and internalizing problems in young adults. 290 adults aged between 18 and 30 years old (150 women, 140 men) were evaluated with the following instruments: Adult Developmental Coordination Disorders Checklist (ADC), Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS 21), Social Support Satisfaction Scale (SSSS), Perceived General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE), Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES), International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), and self-reported body mass index (BMI). The results indicated that self-esteem, self-efficacy, and social support mediate the relationship between motor proficiency and internalizing problems in this sample. Thus, the findings reinforce the notion that early intervention and preventive psychological care can serve as protective aspects of mental health in adults at risk for low motor proficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pâmella Medeiros
- Department of Physical Education, State University of Santa Catarina, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | | - Priscila Tamplain
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Texas at Arlington, United States of America.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Birch EE, Morale SE, Jost RM, Cheng-Patel CS, Kelly KR. Binocular amblyopia treatment improves manual dexterity. J AAPOS 2023; 27:18.e1-18.e6. [PMID: 36567045 PMCID: PMC9974856 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaapos.2022.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine whether deficits in manual dexterity in children with amblyopia improve after binocular amblyopia treatment and whether improvements are related to age at treatment, baseline sensory status, or amount of improvement in sensory status with treatment. METHODS Manual dexterity (Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2), visual acuity, fusion, suppression, and stereoacuity were measured at baseline and after 4-8 weeks of binocular amblyopia in 134 children with amblyopia, including 75 children in the "younger group" (aged 3 to <7 years) and 59 in the "older group" (aged 7-10 years), and in 40 age-similar control children. RESULTS Baseline manual dexterity standard scores of amblyopic children were significantly below those of controls in both the younger (8.81 ± 0.33 vs 11.80 ± 0.60 [P < 0.0001]) and older groups (7.19 ± 0.34 vs 9.75 ± 0.57 [P = 0.00013]). After 4-8 weeks of binocular amblyopia treatment, the younger group standard score improved to 9.85 ± 0.35 and the older group improved to 8.08 ± 0.39, but both groups remained significantly lower than controls (P = 0.03 and P = 0.01, resp.). Improvement in manual dexterity standard score was not associated with any baseline factors but was weakly correlated with the amount of visual acuity improvement (rs = 0.26; 95% CI, 0.09-0.41) CONCLUSIONS: Manual dexterity impairments are common among children with amblyopia. In our study cohort, binocular amblyopia treatment improved visual acuity and manual dexterity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eileen E Birch
- Retina Foundation of the Southwest, Dallas, Texas; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.
| | | | - Reed M Jost
- Retina Foundation of the Southwest, Dallas, Texas
| | | | - Krista R Kelly
- Retina Foundation of the Southwest, Dallas, Texas; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Pimenta RA, Fuchs C, Fears NE, Mariano M, Tamplain P. Distinct mental health profiles in children with Developmental Coordination Disorder: A latent class analysis and associations. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2023; 132:104377. [PMID: 36423431 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2022.104377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children with Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) show indications for mental health problems. However, these problems are poorly understood. AIMS To identify patterns (profiles) of mental health in this population and to analyze the associations between profiles and child characteristics. METHODS AND PROCEDURES Parents of 119 children with DCD completed the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. OUTCOMES AND RESULTS Results indicated that a four latent class was the best model. Profile 1 was defined as "no" mental health problems (n = 28; 24 %), Profile 2 was defined as "hyperactivity" problems (n = 53; 43.3 %), for clinical indications for hyperactivity, Profile 3 was defined as "internalizing" problems (n = 8; 7.3 %), for clinical indications for emotional symptoms and peer problems, and Profile 4 was defined as "internalizing and externalizing problems" (n = 30; 25.4 %), for clinical indications for problems in both areas. In addition, having a co-occurring disorder, accommodation plans, and using medications were associated with the profiles. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS There are distinct and unique profiles that children with DCD exhibit. Clinicians can use these profiles to better understand the presentation of mental health symptoms in this population and provide adequate services or support if mental health difficulties are present.
Collapse
|
6
|
Meachon EJ, Alpers GW. How are you getting by? Coping in developmental coordination disorder versus attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Br J Occup Ther 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/03080226221113505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) persist into adulthood; however, little research exists to describe how adults with DCD and/or ADHD cope with their symptoms. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate coping mechanisms reported by adults with DCD, ADHD, or both conditions. We expected there would be strategies specific to each condition and a broader scope of mechanisms reported by those with co-occurring DCD+ADHD. Method N = 161 participants completed the online survey, including n = 31 with DCD only, n = 116 with ADHD only, and n = 14 with DCD+ADHD. Results Most participants reported adaptive strategies. Of these, behavioral adaptations were most relevant to ADHD, while environmental modifications were common in DCD. Cognitive reframing and social support were similarly relevant to those with DCD and DCD+ADHD. Coping strategy categories were most uniform for the DCD+ADHD group. Conclusions Coping profiles highlight several noteworthy differences between DCD and ADHD which may be relevant for treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily J Meachon
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Georg W Alpers
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD): Relevance for clinical psychologists in Europe. CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY IN EUROPE 2022; 4:e4165. [PMID: 36397944 PMCID: PMC9667416 DOI: 10.32872/cpe.4165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder primarily characterized by fine and gross motor coordination difficulties. Yet, many aspects remain unclear regarding the clinical presentation of secondary symptoms and their implications for Clinical Psychology. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to provide an update about the current understanding of DCD for clinical psychologists and psychotherapists across Europe, particularly based on new insights stemming from the last decade of research. Method We provide a narrative review of articles published in the last decade on the topic of DCD, and relevant aspects to clinical psychologist, including lesser known aspects of DCD (e.g., executive functions, psychological consequences, and adult DCD). Results DCD is a highly prevalent, disruptive, and complex disorder, which should be investigated further in many areas (e.g., co-occurrence to ADHD). Existing evidence points toward a key role of executive functioning difficulties at all ages. Most patients report secondary psychological problems, but little headway has been made in examining the effectiveness of psychotherapy for DCD. Conclusions Insights and remaining research gaps are discussed. It is critical for psychologists and clinical researchers to raise awareness for DCD, take note of the growing literature, and foster continued interdisciplinary approaches to research and treatment of DCD. Awareness about Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) is low among some European Psychologists. Growing knowledge about DCD should be disseminated among psychotherapists.
Collapse
|
8
|
James ME, Graham JD, Chirico D, King-Dowling S, Cairney J. Investigating the mediating role of internalizing and externalizing problems on physical fitness in children at risk for Developmental Coordination Disorder. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2022; 47:575-581. [PMID: 35167349 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2021-0369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Children with Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) have poorer fitness and greater internalizing/externalizing problems compared with typically developing (TD) children. The purpose of this study was to examine the potential mediating role of internalizing/externalizing problems on the relationship between children at risk for DCD (DCDr) and physical fitness. Participants (N = 589) included 288 children with DCDr (Mage = 4.9, 67% male) and 301 TD children (Mage = 5.0, 48% male). Motor skills were assessed using the Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2nd edition (DCDr: at or below the 16th percentile, TD: >16th percentile). Parent-reported internalizing/externalizing problems were measured using the Child Behaviour Checklist. Physical fitness was measured using the Bruce protocol maximal treadmill test and a 30-second Wingate test. Tests for indirect (mediation) effects were assessed using the PROCESS v3.5 software macro. Children with DCDr had higher internalizing and externalizing problems (p < 0.001, d = 0.35-0.46) and poorer fitness levels (p < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.05-0.09). Internalizing problems mediated fitness performance on both the treadmill and Wingate test; however, externalizing problems showed no mediating effects. Thus, interventions targeting internalizing problems may contribute to improving performance on fitness-based tasks among children with DCDr. Novelty: Children at risk for DCD have poorer fitness when compared with TD children. Children at risk for DCD experience greater internalizing/externalizing problems. Internalizing problems were found to mediate the DCD-physical fitness relationship.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maeghan E James
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jeffrey D Graham
- Infant and Child Health (INCH) Lab, Department of Family Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Faculty of Health Sciences, Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniele Chirico
- Infant and Child Health (INCH) Lab, Department of Family Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sara King-Dowling
- Infant and Child Health (INCH) Lab, Department of Family Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Oncology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - John Cairney
- Infant and Child Health (INCH) Lab, Department of Family Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Medeiros PD, Cardoso FL, Silva WRD, Zequinão MA, Tamplain P. Externalizing problems mediate the relationship between motor proficiency and internalizing problems in children: An extension of the Environmental Stress Hypothesis. Hum Mov Sci 2021; 81:102916. [PMID: 34953291 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2021.102916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The Environmental Stress Hypothesis (ESH) is a causal theoretical framework that provides a flexible context for understanding factors that mediate the relationship between low motor proficiency and internalizing problems in children. The purpose of the present study was to use the ESH framework to determine whether body mass index (BMI), physical activity levels, psychosocial health and physical health, self-efficacy, perceived social status, prosocial behavior and externalizing problems were potential mediators between motor proficiency and internalizing factors in a population of Brazilian children. 431 children aged 7- to 10 years (240 females, 191 males) participated in the study. The variables were measured with the Movement Assessment Battery for Children, 2nd ed. (MABC-2), the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL), the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), the MacArthur Subjective Social Status Scale (MacArthur SSS), the Self-efficacy Sense Assessment Roadmap (RASAE), and the Physical Activity Questionnaire (PAQ). The results indicated a direct relationship between motor proficiency and internalizing problems in a population of Brazilian children, with externalizing problems being the only variable mediating that relationship. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that externalizing problems were tested in the context of the ESH. Understanding and evaluating potential mediators in the relationship between motor proficiency and internalizing problems using the ESH framework is essential to promote prevention policies and interventions for school-age children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pâmella de Medeiros
- Department of Physical Education, State University of Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Tal-Saban M, Moshkovitz M, Zaguri-Vittenberg S, Yochman A. Social skills of kindergarten children with Global Developmental Delay (GDD), with and without Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD). RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2021; 119:104105. [PMID: 34678706 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2021.104105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
AIM A high prevalence of co-occurring Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) has been noted in the population of children with global developmental delays (GDD). The presence of developmental disabilities in general, and DCD in particular, constitute a risk factor for difficulties in social skills. However, to the best of our knowledge, no studies, have examined the unique contribution of DCD to social skills, over and above the effect of other general developmental impairments. The aim of this study was to compare the social skills of kindergarten children with Global Developmental Delay, with and without DCD. METHODS Participants included 26 kindergarten children with Global Developmental Delay and DCD (Mage = 4.92, 61 % boys), and 26 children with Global Developmental Delay without DCD (Mage = 5.09, 69.25 % boys). All participants' parents and kindergarten teachers completed the Social Skills Improvement System Questionnaire (SSIS). RESULTS Children with GDD only performed significantly better on social skills compared to children with GDD and DCD. Parents in general reported better social skills and less behavioral problems compared to kindergarten teachers. CONCLUSIONS The findings contribute to the accumulating body of knowledge regarding social abilities of children with developmental disabilities and present new information as to the unique effect of DCD in this domain. Routine evaluation of social skills should be conducted among children with GDD and DCD, taking into account the negative influence that motor dysfunction has in this domain. Furthermore, children's social performance in different environments needs to be considered by relating to both parents and kindergarten teachers' perspective. Subsequent intervention programs should then address the unique profile of this population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miri Tal-Saban
- School of Occupational Therapy, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - Mali Moshkovitz
- Developmental Delay Kindergartens, Ministry of Education, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | | | - Aviva Yochman
- School of Occupational Therapy, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
An Exploratory Study of Teachers' Experiences in Physical Education With Children Thought to Have Developmental Coordination Disorder. Adapt Phys Activ Q 2021; 38:177-194. [PMID: 33321471 DOI: 10.1123/apaq.2020-0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Teachers can create supportive conditions in physical education to mitigate experiences of stress for children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD); however, most are unfamiliar with DCD and lack adequate training to instruct children with impairments. The purpose of this study was to explore teachers' perceptions of and interactions in physical education with children thought to demonstrate functional difficulties associated with DCD. A semistructured interview was conducted with 12 teachers across all elementary years with diverse backgrounds and thematically analyzed. Four themes were produced. Teachers (a) had differing views on the etiology of children's movement difficulties, though (b) all recognized a range of difficulties children demonstrated. They (c) believed it was their role to facilitate positive experiences for these children in physical education but (d) experienced challenges in doing so. Training that increases teachers' knowledge of and abilities to address the needs of children thought to have DCD is warranted.
Collapse
|
12
|
Nobusako S, Osumi M, Hayashida K, Furukawa E, Nakai A, Maeda T, Morioka S. Altered sense of agency in children with developmental coordination disorder. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2020; 107:103794. [PMID: 33086140 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2020.103794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is increasing evidence that children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD) have deficits in sensory-motor integration, but it is unclear whether the sense of agency (SoA) generated by sensory-motor integration is altered. AIMS To investigate whether there is a difference in the time window for SoA between children with DCD and typically developing (TD) children. METHODS AND PROCEDURES An agency attribution task was used to quantitatively measure and compare the time window for SoA in 15 children with DCD and 46 children in the TD group. Variables that correlated with the time window for SoA were also examined in both groups of children. OUTCOMES AND RESULTS The time window for SoA was significantly extended in children with DCD compared to TD children. The time window for SoA in TD children was significantly associated with manual dexterity, whereas the time window for SoA in children with DCD was significantly associated with depressive tendency. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The time window for SoA is altered in children with DCD. The present results suggest that there may be a bidirectional relationship between an internal model deficit and depressive tendency and SoA in children with DCD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Nobusako
- Neurorehabilitation Research Center, Kio University, 4-2-2 Umaminaka, Koryo-cho, Kitakatsuragi-gun, Nara, 635-0832, Japan; Graduate School of Health Science, Kio University, 4-2-2 Umaminaka, Koryo-cho, Kitakatsuragi-gun, Nara, 635-0832, Japan.
| | - Michihiro Osumi
- Neurorehabilitation Research Center, Kio University, 4-2-2 Umaminaka, Koryo-cho, Kitakatsuragi-gun, Nara, 635-0832, Japan; Graduate School of Health Science, Kio University, 4-2-2 Umaminaka, Koryo-cho, Kitakatsuragi-gun, Nara, 635-0832, Japan
| | - Kazuki Hayashida
- Graduate School of Health Science, Kio University, 4-2-2 Umaminaka, Koryo-cho, Kitakatsuragi-gun, Nara, 635-0832, Japan; Department of Rehabilitation, Fujiikai Rehabilitation Hospital, 17-6 Yayoi-cho, Higashiosaka-city, Osaka, 579-8026, Japan
| | - Emi Furukawa
- Neurorehabilitation Research Center, Kio University, 4-2-2 Umaminaka, Koryo-cho, Kitakatsuragi-gun, Nara, 635-0832, Japan
| | - Akio Nakai
- Graduate School of Clinical Education & The Center for the Study of Child Development, Institute for Education, Mukogawa Women's University, 6-46 Ikebiraki-cho, Nishinomiya-city, Hyogo, 663-8558, Japan
| | - Takaki Maeda
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Shu Morioka
- Neurorehabilitation Research Center, Kio University, 4-2-2 Umaminaka, Koryo-cho, Kitakatsuragi-gun, Nara, 635-0832, Japan; Graduate School of Health Science, Kio University, 4-2-2 Umaminaka, Koryo-cho, Kitakatsuragi-gun, Nara, 635-0832, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Fuelscher I, Hyde C, Efron D, Silk TJ. Manual dexterity in late childhood is associated with maturation of the corticospinal tract. Neuroimage 2020; 226:117583. [PMID: 33221438 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Despite the important role of manual dexterity in child development, the neurobiological mechanisms associated with manual dexterity in childhood remain unclear. We leveraged fixel-based analysis (FBA) to examine the longitudinal association between manual dexterity and the development of white matter structural properties in the corticospinal tract (CST). METHODS High angular diffusion weighted imaging (HARDI) data were acquired for 44 right-handed typically developing children (22 female) aged 9-13 across two timepoints (timepoint 1: mean age 10.5 years ± 0.5 years, timepoint 2: 11.8 ± 0.5 years). Manual dexterity was assessed using the Grooved Pegboard Test, a widely used measure of manual dexterity. FBA-derived measures of fiber density and morphology were generated for the CST at each timepoint. Connectivity-based fixel enhancement and mixed linear modelling were used to examine the longitudinal association between manual dexterity and white matter structural properties of the CST. RESULTS Longitudinal mixed effects models showed that greater manual dexterity of the dominant hand was associated with increased fiber cross-section in the contralateral CST. Analyses further demonstrated that the rate of improvement in manual dexterity was associated with the rate of increase in fiber cross-section in the contralateral CST between the two timepoints. CONCLUSION Our longitudinal data suggest that the development of manual dexterity in late childhood is associated with maturation of the CST. These findings significantly enhance our understanding of the neurobiological systems that subserve fine motor development and provide an important step toward mapping normative trajectories of fine motor function against microstructural and morphological development in childhood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ian Fuelscher
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.
| | - Christian Hyde
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Daryl Efron
- The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Timothy J Silk
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Developmental Imaging, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Experiences in Physical Education for Children at Risk for Developmental Coordination Disorder. Adapt Phys Activ Q 2020; 37:385-403. [PMID: 32604069 DOI: 10.1123/apaq.2019-0193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD) may experience stress in physical activity contexts due to emphasis on their poor motor skills. The purpose of this study was to explore the lived experiences of children at risk for DCD in physical education in order to develop a deeper understanding about what they experience as stress and how they cope with it. Using interpretative phenomenological analysis, six children in Grades 4-6 participated in two semistructured interviews. A motivational (and developmental) stress and coping theory informed interpretation of the three themes that described the children's experiences: (a) they hurt me-psychological and physical harm sustained from peers, (b) it's hard for me-difficulties encountered in activities, and (c) I have to-pressure to meet the teacher's demands. Although the children at risk for DCD were confronted with various stressors in physical education, they coped more adaptively when social support was provided.
Collapse
|
15
|
Parr JVV, Foster RJ, Wood G, Hollands MA. Children With Developmental Coordination Disorder Exhibit Greater Stepping Error Despite Similar Gaze Patterns and State Anxiety Levels to Their Typically Developing Peers. Front Hum Neurosci 2020; 14:303. [PMID: 32848677 PMCID: PMC7399056 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2020.00303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined stepping accuracy, gaze behavior, and state-anxiety in children with (N = 21, age M = 10.81, SD = 1.89) and without (N = 18, age M = 11.39, SD = 2.06) developmental coordination disorder (DCD) during an adaptive locomotion task. Participants walked at a self-selected pace along a pathway, placing their foot into a raised rectangular floor-based target box followed by either no obstacles, one obstacle, or two obstacles. Stepping kinematics and accuracy were determined using three-dimensional motion capture, whilst gaze was determined using mobile eye-tracking equipment. The children with DCD displayed greater foot placement error and variability when placing their foot within the target box and were more likely to make contact with its edges than their typically developing (TD) peers. The DCD group also displayed greater variability in the length and width of their steps in the approach to the target box. No differences were observed between groups in any of the gaze variables measured, in mediolateral velocity of the center of mass during the swing phase into the target box, or in the levels of self-reported state-anxiety experienced prior to facing each task. We therefore provide the first quantifiable evidence that deficits to foot placement accuracy and precision may be partially responsible for the increased incidence of trips and falls in DCD, and that these deficits are likely to occur independently from gaze behavior and state-anxiety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johnny V V Parr
- Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Research Centre for Musculoskeletal Science and Sports Medicine, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Richard J Foster
- Research to Improve Stair Climbing Safety, Faculty of Science, School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Greg Wood
- Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Research Centre for Musculoskeletal Science and Sports Medicine, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Mark A Hollands
- Research to Improve Stair Climbing Safety, Faculty of Science, School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Gasser-Haas O, Sticca F, Wustmann Seiler C. Poor Motor Performance - Do Peers Matter? Examining the Role of Peer Relations in the Context of the Environmental Stress Hypothesis. Front Psychol 2020; 11:498. [PMID: 32328007 PMCID: PMC7154142 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the current study was to investigate pathways of the Environmental Stress Hypothesis concerning the role of peer relations in the context of poor motor skills. First, we examined (1) the mediating role of peer problems in the association between motor performance in daily activities and internalizing problems as a main pathway of the Environmental Stress Hypothesis. Furthermore, we explored the role of (2) children's popularity as a mediator and (3) best friendship quality as a moderator path of the effect of motor performance on both peer problems and internalizing problems. The non-clinical sample of the present study consisted of 189 children (48.6% females) aged 9-11 years (Mage = 9.69, SDage = 0.46). Parents reported on their child's motor performance in daily activities by completing the Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire. The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire was used to assess peer problems as well as internalizing problems. The Self Description Questionnaire provided a measure of children's self-reported popularity. The Friendship Quality Questionnaire was used to investigate children's best friendship quality. Results of a structural equation model suggest that peer problems fully mediated the association between the motor performance in daily activities and both popularity and internalizing problems. However, no evidence for the mediating effect of popularity in the association between peer problems and internalizing problems was found. Further, best friendship quality had a non-significant moderating effect on the relation between peer problems and internalizing problems. The mediating role of peer problems highlights the importance of peer relations in the motor performance of daily activities. Schools and psychomotor interventions were suggested as practical implications to support children with poor motor performance in their relationship with their peers and to improve their motor performance in daily activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Gasser-Haas
- Marie Meierhofer Children's Institute, Associated Institute of the University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Fabio Sticca
- Marie Meierhofer Children's Institute, Associated Institute of the University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Corina Wustmann Seiler
- Marie Meierhofer Children's Institute, Associated Institute of the University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Pre-Primary and Lower Primary Level, Zurich University of Teacher Education, Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Brown DMY, Cairney J. The synergistic effect of poor motor coordination, gender and age on self-concept in children: A longitudinal analysis. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2020; 98:103576. [PMID: 31991260 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2020.103576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Self-concept is a critical psychosocial outcome in childhood that is shaped by many factors. Gender, motor coordination and age have been identified as three important contributors. AIM The present study examined whether poor motor coordination (i.e., being classified as at risk for Developmental Coordination Disorder [rDCD]), gender and age have a synergistic effect on domains of self-concept and self-worth in children. METHODS Data were derived from the Physical Health and Activity Study Team longitudinal open cohort project. Children enrolled in grade 4 (Mage = 9.88 ± 0.35) at baseline (n = 1978) completed the Self-Perception Profile for Children 7 times over 4 years to evaluate their competence across multiple domains. The Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency - Short Form was completed once to evaluate children's motor coordination. Participants scoring ≤15th percentile were classified as rDCD. RESULTS A significant 3-way interaction between rDCD, gender and age was observed for athletic ability, physical appearance and academic competence, but not social competence, behavioural conduct or global self-worth. Findings revealed developmental trajectories for self-perceptions of athletic ability, physical appearance, and academic competence were lowest among rDCD girls. Boys classified as rDCD also demonstrated lower athletic, academic and physical self-perceptions in comparison to typically developing children. CONCLUSIONS Age intensifies disparities in self held athletic, physical and academic perceptions attributable to differences in gender and rDCD status, however, differences in these domains appear to be independent of children's overall views of themselves.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Denver M Y Brown
- Faculty of Kinesiology & Physical Education, University of Toronto, 55 Harbord St., Toronto, Ontario, M5S 2W6, Canada.
| | - John Cairney
- Faculty of Kinesiology & Physical Education, University of Toronto, 55 Harbord St., Toronto, Ontario, M5S 2W6, Canada; Department of Family Medicine, McMaster University, 100 Main St W, Hamilton, Ontario, L8P 1H6, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Omer S, Jijon AM, Leonard HC. Research Review: Internalising symptoms in developmental coordination disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2019; 60:606-621. [PMID: 30485419 PMCID: PMC7379561 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Developmental coordination disorder (DCD) affects 5%-6% of children. There is growing evidence that DCD is associated with greater levels of internalising symptoms (i.e. depression and anxiety). This is the first systematic review and meta-analysis to explore the magnitude of this effect, the quality of the evidence and potential moderators. METHODS A systematic search was conducted to identify studies reporting a comparison between individuals with DCD/probable DCD and typically developing (TD) individuals on measures of internalising symptoms. A pooled effect size (Hedges g) was calculated using random-effects meta-analysis. Study quality, publication bias and potential moderators of the effect were explored. RESULTS Twenty studies, including a total of 23 subsamples, met the inclusion criteria, of which 22 subsamples were included in the meta-analysis (DCD: n = 1123; TD: n = 7346). A significant, moderate effect of DCD on internalising symptoms was found (g = 0.61). This effect remained robust after accounting for publication bias and excluding lower quality studies. The effect was significantly larger in studies utilising a cross-sectional design (vs. longitudinal), convenience sampling (vs. population screening) and a majority male sample. CONCLUSIONS The findings demonstrate that individuals with DCD experience greater levels of internalising symptoms than their peers. This highlights the importance of routine screening for emotional difficulties in DCD, raising awareness of the condition in mental health services and developing psychosocial interventions that extend beyond a focus on motor impairments. However, there is a need for higher quality, longitudinal studies to better understand the causal relationship between DCD and internalising symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Serif Omer
- School of PsychologyUniversity of SurreyGuildfordSurreyUK
| | - Ana M. Jijon
- School of PsychologyUniversity of SurreyGuildfordSurreyUK
| | | |
Collapse
|