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Treeful AE, Coffey EL, Friedenberg SG. A scoping review of autoantibodies as biomarkers for canine autoimmune disease. J Vet Intern Med 2022; 36:363-378. [PMID: 35192227 PMCID: PMC8965235 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Autoantibody biomarkers are valuable tools used to diagnose and manage autoimmune diseases in dogs. However, prior publications have raised concerns over a lack of standardization and sufficient validation for the use of biomarkers in veterinary medicine. Objectives Systematically compile primary research on autoantibody biomarkers for autoimmune disease in dogs, summarize their methodological features, and evaluate their quality; synthesize data supporting their use into a resource for veterinarians and researchers. Animals Not used. Methods Five indices were searched to identify studies for evaluation: PubMed, CAB Abstracts, Web of Science, Agricola, and SCOPUS. Two independent reviewers (AET and ELC) screened titles and abstracts for exclusion criteria followed by full‐text review of remaining articles. Relevant studies were classified based on study objectives (biomarker, epitope, technique). Data on study characteristics and outcomes were synthesized in independent data tables for each classification. Results Ninety‐two studies qualified for final analysis (n = 49 biomarker, n = 9 epitope, and n = 34 technique studies). A high degree of heterogeneity in study characteristics and outcomes reporting was observed. Opportunities to strengthen future studies could include: (1) routine use of negative controls, (2) power analyses to inform sample sizes, (3) statistical analyses when appropriate, and (4) multiple detection techniques to confirm results. Conclusions These findings provide a resource that will allow veterinary clinicians to efficiently evaluate the evidence supporting the use of autoantibody biomarkers, along with the varied methodological approaches used in their development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy E Treeful
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA.,Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Emily L Coffey
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Steven G Friedenberg
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
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Levy BJ, Mamo LB, Bizikova P. Detection of circulating anti-keratinocyte autoantibodies in feline pemphigus foliaceus. Vet Dermatol 2020; 31:378-e100. [PMID: 32372490 DOI: 10.1111/vde.12861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circulating anti-keratinocyte immunoglobulin (Ig)G targeting desmosomal proteins have been identified in people and dogs with pemphigus foliaceus (PF). By contrast, detection attempts in PF-affected cats have been largely unsuccessful. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES To detect circulating anti-keratinocyte autoantibodies in PF-affected cats and determine their titres and tissue-staining patterns. ANIMALS Thirty PF-affected cats were compared to 11 specific-pathogen free, 15 healthy and 31 allergic cats. METHODS AND MATERIALS Sera were tested by indirect immunofluorescence on canine footpad and buccal mucosal substrates. RESULTS Circulating, anti-keratinocyte IgG with a suprabasilar, web-like (intercellular) pattern were detected in the majority of PF-affected cats (23 of 30, 77%), some allergic cats (six of 31, 19%) and one healthy cat (7%). Both footpad epidermis and buccal mucosa were positive in the majority of seropositive PF-affected cats (21 of 23, 91%), and in only one of six (17%) seropositive allergic cats. Staining was limited to the footpad in the remaining seropositive PF-affected and allergic cats and one seropositive healthy cat. Reciprocal IgG titres were significantly higher in PF-affected cats compared to controls (Dunn's post-test, P < 0.0001). Anti-keratinocyte IgM, IgA or IgE were not detected in any sera. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE These results confirm the presence of circulating anti-keratinocyte IgG in a majority of PF-affected cats and in a small percentage of healthy and allergic cats. Although the molecular target and pathogenic nature of the antibodies remains unknown, the detection of positive immunostaining on buccal mucosal tissue, in addition to the footpad, suggests that the major target antigen of feline PF differs from that reported in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britt J Levy
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA
| | - Lisa B Mamo
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA
| | - Petra Bizikova
- Center for Comparative Medicine and Translational Research, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA
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Heimann M, Beco L, Petein M, Nishifuji K, Amagai M, Olivry T, Olivry DT. Canine Hyperplastic Intraepidermal Pustular and Suprabasal Acantholytic Dermatosis with Features of Human Pemphigus Vegetans. Vet Pathol 2016; 44:550-5. [PMID: 17606523 DOI: 10.1354/vp.44-4-550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Pemphigus vegetans is a rare autoimmune blistering acantholytic dermatosis of humans that combines unusually hyperplastic and verrucous pustular skin lesions and mucosal erosions. We report herein the clinical, histopathologic, and immunologic findings in a dog whose lesions resembled, but were not identical to, those of human pemphigus vegetans. A 4-year-old male Greater Swiss Mountain Dog presented with multifocal cutaneous verrucous and crusted papules and pustules, as well as skin and mucosal erosions and ulcers. Microscopic lesions consisted of exophytic papillated epidermal hyperplasia, superficial and deep intraepidermal acantholytic neutrophilic and eosinophilic pustules, and suprabasal epidermal clefts leaving rounded basal keratinocytes at the bottom of the vesicles. Direct and indirect immunofluorescence revealed antikeratinocyte IgG autoantibodies. Immunoprecipitation immunoblotting and immunoabsorption experiments with recombinant canine desmogleins confirmed that autoantibodies recognized desmoglein-1. In this dog, clinical and histopathologic features resembled those of human pemphigus vegetans, while circulating autoantibodies against canine desmoglein-1 were solely identified. This antigen target is different from that of the human disease in which antidesmoglein-3 autoantibodies are detected most commonly.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Heimann
- Institut de Pathologie et Genetique, Gosselies, Belgium
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Bizikova P, Linder KE, Olivry T. Immunomapping of desmosomal and nondesmosomal adhesion molecules in healthy canine footpad, haired skin and buccal mucosal epithelia: comparison with canine pemphigus foliaceus serum immunoglobulin G staining patterns. Vet Dermatol 2010; 22:132-42. [PMID: 20738839 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3164.2010.00924.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Pemphigus foliaceus (PF) is the most common canine autoimmune skin disease. In contrast to human PF (hPF), desmoglein-1 is a minor autoantigen in the canine disease. The major autoantigen(s) of canine PF (cPF) remain(s) unknown, which limits the ability to perform mechanistic studies of lesion formation and the development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for this disease. The immunofluorescence patterns of selected desmosomal (desmoglein-1, desmoglein-3, desmocollin-1, desmocollin-3, desmoplakin-1/2, plakoglobin and plakophilin-1) and nondesmosomal adhesion proteins (E-cadherin, claudin-1, zona occludens-1 and occludin) in healthy canine footpad, haired skin and buccal mucosal epithelia were determined using hPF and pemphigus vulgaris sera and specific antibodies. The immunostaining patterns were then compared with that of indirect immunofluorescence staining with 66 cPF sera. Most cPF sera (58 of 66; 88%) exhibited positive staining along keratinocyte margins in the stratum spinosum and stratum granulosum of canine footpad. One serum contained autoantibodies binding solely to stratum granulosum keratinocytes. Concurrent intercellular fluorescence in the stratum basale was limited to seven of 66 cPF sera (11%). Only 12 of 66 cPF sera (18%) also exhibited positive IF staining of the buccal mucosa. This study confirms the immunological heterogeneity of cPF immunoglobulin G autoantibodies. Moreover, the major indirect immunofluorescence staining pattern and the inability of most cPF sera to label the buccal mucosa closely matched that of desmocollin-1. These observations warrant further investigation of desmocollin-1 as a potential major cPF autoantigen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Bizikova
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
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IDE K, YAMAMOTO W, SATO M, YABUZOE A, IWASAKI T, NISHIFUJI K. Expression Analysis of Desmosomal Components of the Novel Canine Epidermal Keratinocyte Cell Line (MSCEK). J Vet Med Sci 2010; 72:1479-82. [DOI: 10.1292/jvms.10-0089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kaori IDE
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
| | - Waka YAMAMOTO
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
| | - Masafumi SATO
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
| | - Atsushi YABUZOE
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
| | - Toshiroh IWASAKI
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
| | - Koji NISHIFUJI
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
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Nishifuji K, Tamura K, Konno H, Olivry T, Amagai M, Iwasaki T. Development of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of circulating IgG autoantibodies against canine desmoglein 3 in dogs with pemphigus. Vet Dermatol 2009; 20:331-7. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3164.2009.00806.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Olivry T, Dunston SM, Walker RH, Alhaidari Z, Messinger L, Liu Z. Investigations on the nature and pathogenicity of circulating antikeratinocyte antibodies in dogs with pemphigus foliaceus. Vet Dermatol 2009; 20:42-50. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3164.2008.00723.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Yabuzoe A, Shimizu A, Nishifuji K, Momoi Y, Ishiko A, Iwasaki T. Canine pemphigus foliaceus antigen is localized within desmosomes of keratinocyte. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2009; 127:57-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2008.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2008] [Revised: 07/15/2008] [Accepted: 09/17/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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YABUZOE A, NISHIFUJI K, SEKIGUCHI M, SHIMIZU A, MOMOI Y, ISHIKO A, IWASAKI T. Neutrophils Contact to Plasma Membrane of Keratinocytes Including Desmosomal Structures in Canine Pemphigus Foliaceus. J Vet Med Sci 2008; 70:807-12. [DOI: 10.1292/jvms.70.807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi YABUZOE
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
| | - Koji NISHIFUJI
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
| | - Maiko SEKIGUCHI
- Procyon Inc., Technology Business Incubator 1401B, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
| | - Atsushi SHIMIZU
- Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine
| | - Yasuyuki MOMOI
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
| | - Akira ISHIKO
- Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine
| | - Toshiroh IWASAKI
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
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Nishifuji K, Olivry T, Ishii K, Iwasaki T, Amagai M. IgG autoantibodies directed against desmoglein 3 cause dissociation of keratinocytes in canine pemphigus vulgaris and paraneoplastic pemphigus. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2007; 117:209-21. [PMID: 17350107 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2007.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2006] [Revised: 02/10/2007] [Accepted: 02/13/2007] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Pemphigus is a group of autoimmune blistering diseases of the skin and mucous membranes. In human patients with pemphigus vulgaris (PV) and paraneoplastic pemphigus (PNP), IgG autoantibodies against desmoglein (Dsg) 3 and Dsg1 play pathogenic roles in blister formation. In contrast, the target for IgG autoantibodies that induce keratinocyte dissociation has not been elucidated in canine pemphigus. The aim of the present study was to determine whether anti-Dsg IgG autoantibodies are present and disrupt the cell-cell adhesion of keratinocytes in canine PV and PNP. The extracellular domains of canine Dsg3 were recognized by IgG in 3/5 (60%) canine PV sera tested. IgG against the extracellular domains of canine Dsg1 was detected exclusively in two dogs that had PV with the mucocutaneous phenotype. In addition, anti-Dsg3 IgG was identified in canine PNP serum. Furthermore, incubation of normal human keratinocytes (NHK) with mucocutaneous canine PV serum and canine PNP serum resulted in dissociation of the NHK sheets, whereas the removal of anti-Dsg3 IgG from these canine sera blocked this dissociation. The present study indicates for the first time that circulating anti-Dsg3 IgG antibodies capable of dissociating keratinocytes are present in dogs with PV and PNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Nishifuji
- Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
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Abstract
In humans, the pemphigus denomination encompasses a group of autoimmune blistering skin diseases with intraepidermal separation resulting from cell-cell detachment by acantholysis. Entities are classified based on the level of blistering in the epidermis, and both superficial (pemphigus foliaceus, IgA pemphigus) and deep (pemphigus vulgaris, pemphigus vegetans and paraneoplastic pemphigus) variants are recognized. In domestic animals, subsets of pemphigus have been recognized since the mid-1970s, and the disease classification resembles that used for human patients. This article reviews up-to-date knowledge on the epidemiology, clinical signs, histopathology, immunopathology and treatment outcome of superficial pemphigus in domestic animals. Detailed information on canine, feline, equine and caprine pemphigus foliaceus, canine and feline pemphigus erythematosus and canine panepidermal pustular pemphigus is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Olivry
- Center for Comparative Medicine and Translational Research and Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA.
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Olivry T, LaVoy A, Dunston SM, Brown RS, Lennon EM, Warren SJ, Prisayanh P, Müller EJ, Suter MM, Dean GA. Desmoglein-1 is a minor autoantigen in dogs with pemphigus foliaceus. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2005; 110:245-55. [PMID: 16293316 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2005.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2005] [Accepted: 10/05/2005] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The majority of human patients with pemphigus foliaceus (PF) have circulating IgG autoantibodies that target conformational epitopes on the desmosomal cadherin desmoglein-1 (dsg1). Limited studies using immunoblot techniques suggested that the principal autoantigen in dogs with PF might also be dsg1. It was the objective of this study to test this hypothesis. A comprehensive survey of canine PF sera was conducted using a novel screening strategy that detects conformational epitopes. This method consists of the ectopic expression of canine dsg1 at the surface of human 293T epithelial kidney cells and their live screening, i.e. prior to fixation. Out of seven control human PF sera that bound to canine epidermis, three (57%) contained IgG autoantibodies that recognized ectopically expressed canine dsg1 with a membrane and punctate pattern. Out of 83 canine PF sera only five (6%) contained IgG that recognized canine dsg1. Consistent with findings for human PF sera obtained in this study, autoantibody binding was conformation- and glycosylation-dependent as demonstrated by calcium chelation with EDTA and tunicamycin or wheat germ agglutinin treatment, respectively. In conclusion, these studies establish canine dsg1 as a minor autoantigen for canine PF. Antigenic epitopes appear to be conformation- and glycosylation-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Olivry
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, NC State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA.
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Nishifuji K, Yoshida-Yamakita K, Iwasaki T. A Canine Pemphigus Foliaceus Case Showing Parallel Relationship of Disease Activity and Titer of Serum Anti-keratinocyte Cell Surface Antibodies. J Vet Med Sci 2005; 67:943-5. [PMID: 16210809 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.67.943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A seven-year-old, spayed female mongrel dog was diagnosed as pemphigus foliaceus (PF) by clinical, histopathological and immunopathological observations. Serum antibodies against the cell surface of keratinocytes in the dog were detected by indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) using cryosectioned bovine esophagus as well as living cultured-canine keratinocytes as the substrates. When we compared the titers of IIF on bovine esophagus with its disease activity, the IIF titers reflected the disease activity throughout the time course. Our findings will suggest that sequential titration of serum antibodies by IIF will be useful for monitoring the serological disease activity in canine PF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Nishifuji
- Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, and Green Animal Hospital, Aichi, Japan
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