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Crilly JP. How useful is transthoracic ultrasonography for detecting ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma in sheep? Vet Rec 2022; 191:119-121. [PMID: 35929713 DOI: 10.1002/vetr.2106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Neoplasia-Associated Wasting Diseases with Economic Relevance in the Sheep Industry. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11020381. [PMID: 33546178 PMCID: PMC7913119 DOI: 10.3390/ani11020381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We review three neoplastic wasting diseases affecting sheep generally recorded under common production cycles and with epidemiological and economic relevance in sheep-rearing countries: small intestinal adenocarcinoma (SIA), ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma (OPA) and enzootic nasal adenocarcinoma (ENA). SIA is prevalent in Australia and New Zealand but present elsewhere in the world. This neoplasia is a tubular or signet-ring adenocarcinoma mainly located in the middle or distal term of the small intestine. Predisposing factors and aetiology are not known, but genetic factors or environmental carcinogens may be involved. OPA is a contagious lung cancer caused by jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (JSRV) and has been reported in most sheep-rearing countries, resulting in significant economic losses. The disease is clinically characterized by a chronic respiratory process as a consequence of the development of lung adenocarcinoma. Diagnosis is based on the detection of JSRV in the tumour lesion by immunohistochemistry and PCR. In vivo diagnosis may be difficult, mainly in preclinical cases. ENA is a neoplasia of glands of the nasal mucosa and is associated with enzootic nasal tumour virus 1 (ENTV-1), which is similar to JSRV. ENA enzootically occurs in many countries of the world with the exception of Australia and New Zealand. The pathology associated with this neoplasia corresponds with a space occupying lesion histologically characterized as a low-grade adenocarcinoma. The combination of PCR and immunohistochemistry for diagnosis is advised.
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Shi W, Jia S, Guan X, Yao X, Pan R, Huang X, Ma Y, Wei J, Xu Y. A survey of jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (JSRV) infection in sheep in the three northeastern provinces of China. Arch Virol 2021; 166:831-840. [PMID: 33486631 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-020-04919-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Ovine pulmonary adenomatosis (OPA) is caused by jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (JSRV) and is a chronic, progressive, and infectious neoplastic lung disease in sheep, which causes significant economic losses to the sheep industry. Neither a vaccine nor serological diagnostic methods to detect OPA are available. We performed a JSRV infection survey in sheep using blood samples (n = 1,372) collected in the three northeastern provinces of China (i.e., Inner Mongolia, Heilongjiang, and Jilin) to determine JSRV infection status in sheep herds using a real-time PCR assay targeting the gag gene of JSRV. The ovine endogenous retrovirus sequence was successfully amplified in all sheep samples tested (296 from the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, 255 from Jilin province, and 821 from Heilongjiang province). Subsequently, we attempted to distinguish exogenous JSRV (exJSRV) and endogenous JSRV (enJSRV) infections in these JSRV-positive samples using a combination assay that identifies a ScaI restriction site in an amplified 229-bp fragment of the gag gene of JSRV and a "LHMKYXXM" motif in the cytoplasmic tail region of the JSRV envelope protein. The ScaI restriction site is present in all known oncogenic JSRVs but absent in ovine endogenous retroviruses, while the "LHMKYXXM" motif is in all known exJSRVs but not in enJSRVs. Interestingly, one JSRV strain (HH13) from Heilongjiang province contained the "LHMKYXXM" motif but not the ScaI enzyme site. Phylogenetic analysis showed that strain HH13 was closely related to strain enJSRV-21 reported in the USA, indicating that HH13 could be an exogenous virus. Our results provide valuable information for further research on the genetic evolution and pathogenesis of JSRV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Shi
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuo Jia
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueting Guan
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Yao
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Ronghui Pan
- Jilin Province Centre for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinning Huang
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingying Ma
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wei
- Technology Center of Harbin Customs, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yigang Xu
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People's Republic of China.
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Toma C, Bâlteanu VA, Tripon S, Trifa A, Rema A, Amorim I, Pop RM, Popa R, Catoi C, Taulescu M. Exogenous Jaagsiekte Sheep Retrovirus type 2 (exJSRV2) related to ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma (OPA) in Romania: prevalence, anatomical forms, pathological description, immunophenotyping and virus identification. BMC Vet Res 2020; 16:296. [PMID: 32807166 PMCID: PMC7433209 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02521-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma (OPA) is a neoplastic disease caused by exogenous Jaagsiekte Sheep Retrovirus (exJSRV). The prevalence of JSRV-related OPA in Eastern European countries, including Romania is unknown. We aimed to investigate: the prevalence and morphological features of OPA (classical and atypical forms) in the Transylvania region (Romania), the immunophenotype of the pulmonary tumors and their relationships with exJSRV infection. A total of 2693 adult ewes slaughtered between 2017 and 2019 in two private slaughterhouses from Transylvania region (Romania) was evaluated. Lung tumors were subsequently assessed by cytology, histology, immunocytochemistry, immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy and DNA testing. RESULTS Out of 2693 examined sheep, 34 had OPA (1.26% prevalence). The diaphragmatic lobes were the most affected. Grossly, the classical OPA was identified in 88.24% of investigated cases and the atypical OPA in 11.76% that included solitary myxomatous nodules. Histopathology results confirmed the presence of OPA in all suspected cases, which were classified into acinar and papillary types. Myxoid growths (MGs) were diagnosed in 6 classical OPA cases and in 2 cases of atypical form. Lung adenocarcinoma was positive for MCK and TTF-1, and MGs showed immunoreaction for Vimentin, Desmin and SMA; Ki67 expression of classical OPA was higher than atypical OPA and MGs. JSRV-MA was identified by IHC (94.11%) in both epithelial and mesenchymal cells of OPA. Immunocytochemistry and electron microscopy also confirmed the JSRV within the neoplastic cells. ExJSRV was identified by PCR in 97.05% of analyzed samples. Phylogenetic analysis revealed the presence of the exJSRV type 2 (MT809678.1) in Romanian sheep affected by lung cancer and showed a high similarity with the UK strain (AF105220.1). CONCLUSIONS In this study, we confirmed for the first time in Romania the presence of exJSRV in naturally occurring OPA in sheep. Additionally, we described the first report of atypical OPA in Romania, and to the best of our knowledge, in Eastern Europe. Finally, we showed that MGs have a myofibroblastic origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corina Toma
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 3-5 Calea Manastur, 400372, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Valentin Adrian Bâlteanu
- Laboratory of Genomics, Biodiversity, Animal Breeding and Molecular Pathology, Institute of Life Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Septiumiu Tripon
- National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technology, "C. Crăciun" Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Adrian Trifa
- Department of Genetics, "Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Genetics, "Ion Chiricuta" Cancer Institute, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Alexandra Rema
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira nr.228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Irina Amorim
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira nr.228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Raluca Maria Pop
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, 400337, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Roxana Popa
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 3-5 Calea Manastur, 400372, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cornel Catoi
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 3-5 Calea Manastur, 400372, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Marian Taulescu
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 3-5 Calea Manastur, 400372, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
- Laboratory of Genomics, Biodiversity, Animal Breeding and Molecular Pathology, Institute of Life Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
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Altan F, Sayin Ipek DN, Corum O, Yesilmen Alp S, Ipek P, Uney K. The effects of Mannheimia haemolytica and albendazole on marbofloxacin pharmacokinetics in lambs. Trop Anim Health Prod 2019; 51:2603-2610. [PMID: 31230255 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-019-01980-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The study aimed to define the effects of M. haemolytica and a single oral dose of albendazole on the single-dose pharmacokinetics of marbofloxacin in lambs. The pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic integration of marbofloxacin was applied to describe a 3 mg/kg intramuscular dose in lambs. The 6 healthy and 12 naturally infected with M. haemolytica lambs (Akkaraman, males weighing 10-15 kg and aged 2-3 months) were used in this study. In the marbofloxacin group, 6 healthy lambs received marbofloxacin. In the albendazole group after 2 weeks washout period, the same animals received marbofloxacin on 1 h after albendazole. In the diseased marbofloxacin group, 6 lambs naturally infected with M. haemolytica received marbofloxacin. In the diseased albendazole group, 6 lambs naturally infected with M. haemolytica received marbofloxacin on 1 h after albendazole. The marbofloxacin and albendazole were administered each as a single dose of 3 mg/kg intramuscular and 7.5 mg/kg oral, respectively, in the respective groups. Plasma concentration of marbofloxacin was measured with HPLC-UV and pharmacokinetic parameters were analyzed by non-compartmental model. Albendazole did not change the pharmacokinetic profiles of marbofloxacin in healthy and diseased lambs. However, M. haemolytica affected the pharmacokinetics of marbofloxacin in diseased lambs, AUC0-24/MIC90 ratio was not found to be higher than 125, but Cmax/MIC90 ratios was found to be higher than 10 for an MIC value of 0.25 μg/mL in all groups. The marbofloxacin dose described in this study may not be effective for the treatment of infections due to M. haemolytica in lambs, with MIC ≤ 0.25 μg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feray Altan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Dicle, Diyarbakir, Turkey.
| | - Duygu Neval Sayin Ipek
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Dicle, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - Orhan Corum
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Kastamonu, Kastamonu, Turkey
| | - Simten Yesilmen Alp
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Dicle, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - Polat Ipek
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Dicle, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - Kamil Uney
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Selcuk, Konya, Turkey
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Halium MMA, Salib FA, Marouf SA, Massieh ESA. Isolation and molecular characterization of Mycoplasma spp. in sheep and goats in Egypt. Vet World 2019; 12:664-670. [PMID: 31327901 PMCID: PMC6584854 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2019.664-670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Different species of Mycoplasma are associated with many pathological problems in small ruminants including respiratory manifestation, this problem results in significant losses, especially in African countries. This study aimed to (I) study some epidemiological aspects of Mycoplasma species infections in Egyptian sheep and goats at Giza Governorate, (II) diagnosis of Mycoplasma species affections using bacterial isolation and identification, (III) apply the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for typing of different Mycoplasma species, and (IV) illustrate the phylogenetic tree for the isolated Mycoplasma species and other species from GenBank using the purified PCR product. Materials and Methods: A total of 335 samples were collected from sheep and goats from Giza Governorate in Egypt as 142 nasal swabs from clinically affected animals, 167 pneumonic lungs, 18 samples from tracheal bifurcation, and 8 samples by bronchial wash were cultured on pleuropneumonia-like organisms (PPLOs) media for cultivation of Mycoplasma species. PCR and sequencing and phylogenetic analysis were adopted to identify and classify the isolated Mycoplasma species. Results: A total of 24 Mycoplasma isolates were isolated on PPLO media, identified by biochemical tests, and confirmed and typed by PCR using specific primers. 10 isolates were confirmed as Mycoplasma arginini, four isolates as Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae by PCR, and 10 isolates as undifferentiated Mycoplasma species. A purified isolate of M. arginini and M. ovipneumoniae was sequenced and phylogenetic analysis was illustrated. Conclusion: M. arginini and M. ovipneumoniae are prevalent in Egyptian sheep and goats. Further studies on M. arginini are required due to its high frequency of isolation from pneumonic sheep and goats and also from animals suffer from different respiratory manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mounier M Abdel Halium
- Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Fayez A Salib
- Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - S A Marouf
- Department of Microbiology and Mycology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Emil S Abdel Massieh
- Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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Gray ME, Meehan J, Sullivan P, Marland JRK, Greenhalgh SN, Gregson R, Clutton RE, Ward C, Cousens C, Griffiths DJ, Murray A, Argyle D. Ovine Pulmonary Adenocarcinoma: A Unique Model to Improve Lung Cancer Research. Front Oncol 2019; 9:335. [PMID: 31106157 PMCID: PMC6498990 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer represents a major worldwide health concern; although advances in patient management have improved outcomes for some patients, overall 5-year survival rates are only around 15%. In vitro studies and mouse models are commonly used to study lung cancer and their use has increased the molecular understanding of the disease. Unfortunately, mouse models are poor predictors of clinical outcome and seldom mimic advanced stages of the human disease. Animal models that more accurately reflect human disease are required for progress to be made in improving treatment outcomes and prognosis. Similarities in pulmonary anatomy and physiology potentially make sheep better models for studying human lung function and disease. Ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma (OPA) is a naturally occurring lung cancer that is caused by the jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus. The disease is endemic in many countries throughout the world and has several features in common with human lung adenocarcinomas, including histological classification and activation of common cellular signaling pathways. Here we discuss the in vivo and in vitro OPA models that are currently available and describe the advantages of using pre-clinical naturally occurring OPA cases as a translational animal model for human lung adenocarcinoma. The challenges and options for obtaining these OPA cases for research purposes, along with their use in developing novel techniques for the evaluation of chemotherapeutic agents or for monitoring the tumor microenvironment in response to treatment, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark E. Gray
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre and Division of Pathology Laboratories, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - James Meehan
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre and Division of Pathology Laboratories, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Institute of Sensors, Signals and Systems, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Sullivan
- School of Engineering, Institute for Integrated Micro and Nano Systems, The King's Buildings, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Jamie R. K. Marland
- School of Engineering, Institute for Integrated Micro and Nano Systems, The King's Buildings, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen N. Greenhalgh
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Rachael Gregson
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Eddie Clutton
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Carol Ward
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre and Division of Pathology Laboratories, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Chris Cousens
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | - David J. Griffiths
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | - Alan Murray
- School of Engineering, Institute for Integrated Micro and Nano Systems, The King's Buildings, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - David Argyle
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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Mansour KA, Al-Husseiny SH, Kshash QH, Jassim A. Clinical-histopathological and molecular study of ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma in Awassi sheep in Al-Qadisiyah Province, Iraq. Vet World 2019; 12:454-458. [PMID: 31089317 PMCID: PMC6487251 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2019.454-458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim This study aimed to conduct a clinical-histopathological and molecular evaluation of ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma (OPA) in Awassi sheep in various regions of Al-Qadisiyah Province, Iraq. Materials and Methods A total of 150 sheep were clinically evaluated, and the wheelbarrow test was performed. 100 samples (35 blood, 25 lung tissue, 20 lymph node, and 20 lung fluid samples) were randomly selected from living and slaughtered sheep. All samples were subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Histopathological examinations were performed for four lung tissue and two lymph node samples. Results A diagnosis of OPA was made based on the results of the clinical examination and the clinical signs shown by the animals, such as dyspnea, polypnea, coughing, mucous nasal discharge, moist rales on auscultation of the affected lungs, and emaciation. Interestingly, the animals tested positive for the wheelbarrow test, with frothy nares accompanied by profuse and clear lung fluid. Histopathological examination showed various lesions such as glandular transformation in the lung tissues and emphysema. Moreover, lymph nodes showed marked follicular atrophy and necrosis-associated lymphocyte infiltration in the affected tissues. PCR revealed that 25% of the samples including eight (22.8%) blood, five (20%) lung tissue, five (25%) lymph node, and seven (35%) lung fluid samples were positive for Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus; this result was highly significant. Conclusion The results of our study indicated that in Iraq, OPA diagnosis should be based on pathological findings and results of advanced procedures such as PCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalefa Ali Mansour
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Iraq
| | - Saad Hashim Al-Husseiny
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Iraq
| | - Qassim Haleem Kshash
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Iraq
| | - Asaad Jassim
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Iraq
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Singh R, Singh S, Singh R, Varshney R, Dhama K, Kumari S, Singh K, Dar JA, Kashyap G, Kamdi B, Kumar P, Singh V. Patho-Epidemiological study of jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus infection in the sheep and goats population, India. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2018.1559422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Singh
- Division of Pathology, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Shailendra Singh
- Division of Pathology, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Rajendra Singh
- Division of Pathology, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Rajat Varshney
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Swati Kumari
- Division of Pathology, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - K.P Singh
- Centre for Animal Disease Research and Diagnosis (CADRAD), ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Javeed Ahmad Dar
- Division of Pathology, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - G. Kashyap
- Division of Pathology, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Bhupesh Kamdi
- Division of Pathology, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Pawan Kumar
- Division of Pathology, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Vidya Singh
- Division of Pathology, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
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Lee AM, Wolfe A, Cassidy JP, McV Messam LL, Moriarty JP, O'Neill R, Fahy C, Connaghan E, Cousens C, Dagleish MP, McElroy MC. First confirmation by PCR of Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus in Ireland and prevalence of ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma in adult sheep at slaughter. Ir Vet J 2017; 70:33. [PMID: 29270288 PMCID: PMC5735933 DOI: 10.1186/s13620-017-0111-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma (OPA), caused by Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (JSRV), is characterised by the development of invariably fatal lung tumours primarily in adult sheep. High infection rates and disease prevalence can develop during initial infection of flocks, leading to on-farm economic losses and animal welfare issues in sheep with advanced disease. The disease has been reported in Ireland and is notifiable, but the presence of JSRV has never been confirmed using molecular methods in this country. Additionally, due to the difficulties in ante-mortem diagnosis (especially of latently-infected animals, or those in the very early stages of disease), accurate information regarding national prevalence and distribution is unavailable. This study aimed to confirm the presence of JSRV in Ireland and to obtain estimates regarding prevalence and distribution by means of an abattoir survey utilising gross examination, histopathology, JSRV-specific reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and SU protein specific immunohistochemistry (IHC) to examine the lungs of adult sheep. Results Lungs from 1911 adult sheep were examined macroscopically in the abattoir and 369 were removed for further testing due to the presence of gross lesions of any kind. All 369 were subject to histopathology and RT-PCR, and 46 to IHC. Thirty-one lungs (31/1911, 1.6%) were positive for JSRV by RT-PCR and/or IHC but only ten cases of OPA were confirmed (10/1911, 0.5%) Four lung tumours not associated with JSRV were also identified. JSRV-positive sheep tended to cluster within the same flocks, and JSRV-positive sheep were identified in the counties of Donegal, Kerry, Kilkenny, Offaly, Tipperary, Waterford and Wicklow. Conclusions The presence of JSRV has been confirmed in the Republic of Ireland for the first time using molecular methods (PCR) and IHC. In addition, an estimate of OPA prevalence in sheep at slaughter and information regarding distribution of JSRV infection has been obtained. The prevalence estimate appears similar to that of the United Kingdom (UK). Results also indicate that the virus has a diverse geographical distribution throughout Ireland. These data highlights the need for further research to establish national control and monitoring strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Marie Lee
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, D04 W6F6 Ireland
| | - Alan Wolfe
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, D04 W6F6 Ireland
| | - Joseph P Cassidy
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, D04 W6F6 Ireland
| | - Locksley L McV Messam
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, D04 W6F6 Ireland
| | - John P Moriarty
- Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine Laboratories, Backweston Laboratory Campus, Celbridge, Co. Kildare W23 X3PH Ireland
| | - Ronan O'Neill
- Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine Laboratories, Backweston Laboratory Campus, Celbridge, Co. Kildare W23 X3PH Ireland
| | - Claire Fahy
- Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine Laboratories, Backweston Laboratory Campus, Celbridge, Co. Kildare W23 X3PH Ireland
| | - Emily Connaghan
- Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine Laboratories, Backweston Laboratory Campus, Celbridge, Co. Kildare W23 X3PH Ireland
| | - Chris Cousens
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Penicuik, Midlothian EH26 0PZ Scotland, UK
| | - Mark P Dagleish
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Penicuik, Midlothian EH26 0PZ Scotland, UK
| | - Maire C McElroy
- Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine Laboratories, Backweston Laboratory Campus, Celbridge, Co. Kildare W23 X3PH Ireland
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Jörger A, Acevedo C, Busley D, Ganter M, Schmiedl A, Humann-Ziehank E. Stereological and biophysical characteristics of the ovine surfactant system and its changes caused by ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma. Res Vet Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2017.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Dudek K, Lutnicki K, Bednarek D, Marczuk J, Kycko A, Reichert M. Changes in blood parameters induced by experimental jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus infection. J Vet Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/jvetres-2016-0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The aim of the study was to assess the changes of blood parameters in 12 three-week-old Polish Merino sheep subjected to experimental jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (JSRV) infection.
Material and Methods: Haematological (WBC with leukocyte subpopulations: GRA, LYM, MID, and RBC, MCV, MCH, MCHC, HGB, HCT, PLT, and MPV) and biochemical blood parameters (acid/base balance, cation/anion content, and gasometry) were determined in blood samples collected one month after JSRV infection, then at four-week intervals for five consecutive months.
Results: A decrease in RBC, HCT, MCV, PLT, MPV, and LYM values in comparison with controls was found in the last month of observation. On the other hand, at the same time, an increase in HGB, MCH, MCHC, WBC, MID, and GRA indices was observed. Moreover, at the end of experiment blood gasometric indices such as pCO2, HCO3, and tCO2, and Na and K ion concentrations were higher in the affected lambs than in the healthy animals. The pH values of the challenged animals exhibited less alkaline character than in the case of controls, which was associated with a decrease in O2% saturation. However, the majority of differences between JSRV inoculated and control groups was not statistically significant.
Conclusion: The observed changes in the examined blood parameters can be considered as prodromal symptoms in the preclinical phase of adenocarcinoma development associated with JSRV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Dudek
- Department of Cattle and Sheep Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Lutnicki
- Sub-Department of Internal Diseases of Farm Animals and Horses, Department and Clinic of Animal Internal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-612 Lublin, Poland
| | - Dariusz Bednarek
- Department of Cattle and Sheep Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland
| | - Jan Marczuk
- Sub-Department of Internal Diseases of Farm Animals and Horses, Department and Clinic of Animal Internal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-612 Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna Kycko
- Department of Pathology, National Veterinary Research Institute, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland
| | - Michał Reichert
- Department of Pathology, National Veterinary Research Institute, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland
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15
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Cousens C, Scott PR. Assessment of transthoracic ultrasound diagnosis of ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma in adult sheep. Vet Rec 2015; 177:366. [PMID: 26442526 DOI: 10.1136/vr.103298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma (OPA), caused by Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (JSRV), is a disease of increasing concern in the sheep industry. There is no commercial antemortem test for OPA; therefore, an early evaluation phase study was undertaken to examine the accuracy of transthoracic ultrasound examination using a 5-6.5 MHz sector ultrasound machine widely available in veterinary practice in the UK to diagnose OPA. Restraint, preparation and examination time was restricted to five minutes per sheep to represent the cost limitations of commercial sheep farming. One hundred sheep were examined. All 41 cases identified with suspect OPA lesions during transthoracic ultrasound examination had the diagnosis confirmed at postmortem examination, while sheep without ultrasonographic changes characteristic of OPA had no gross lesions of OPA at postmortem examination. This demonstrates the specificity of transthoracic ultrasound for diagnosis of OPA. The authors propose that, in the absence of any other reliable preclinical diagnostic test, the use of transthoracic ultrasound examination should be considered for a second opinion on an initial diagnosis of OPA, for screening purchased adult flock replacements for OPA, or for screening sheep in a known OPA-affected flock. However, the authors emphasise that a negative scan cannot provide a guarantee that the animal is free of JSRV infection nor early OPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Cousens
- Moredun Research Institute, Bush Loan, Penicuik, Edinburgh, EH26 0PZ, UK
| | - P R Scott
- Division of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Royal (Dick), School of Veterinary Studies & Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH25 9RG, UK
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16
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Prohl A, Ostermann C, Lohr M, Reinhold P. The bovine lung in biomedical research: visually guided bronchoscopy, intrabronchial inoculation and in vivo sampling techniques. J Vis Exp 2014. [PMID: 25046445 PMCID: PMC4211593 DOI: 10.3791/51557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
There is an ongoing search for alternative animal models in research of respiratory medicine. Depending on the goal of the research, large animals as models of pulmonary disease often resemble the situation of the human lung much better than mice do. Working with large animals also offers the opportunity to sample the same animal repeatedly over a certain course of time, which allows long-term studies without sacrificing the animals. The aim was to establish in vivo sampling methods for the use in a bovine model of a respiratory Chlamydia psittaci infection. Sampling should be performed at various time points in each animal during the study, and the samples should be suitable to study the host response, as well as the pathogen under experimental conditions. Bronchoscopy is a valuable diagnostic tool in human and veterinary medicine. It is a safe and minimally invasive procedure. This article describes the intrabronchial inoculation of calves as well as sampling methods for the lower respiratory tract. Videoendoscopic, intrabronchial inoculation leads to very consistent clinical and pathological findings in all inoculated animals and is, therefore, well-suited for use in models of infectious lung disease. The sampling methods described are bronchoalveolar lavage, bronchial brushing and transbronchial lung biopsy. All of these are valuable diagnostic tools in human medicine and could be adapted for experimental purposes to calves aged 6-8 weeks. The samples obtained were suitable for both pathogen detection and characterization of the severity of lung inflammation in the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette Prohl
- Institute of Molecular Pathogenesis, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut
| | - Carola Ostermann
- Institute of Molecular Pathogenesis, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut
| | - Markus Lohr
- Institute of Molecular Pathogenesis, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut
| | - Petra Reinhold
- Institute of Molecular Pathogenesis, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut;
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17
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Azizi S, Tajbakhsh E, Fathi F. Ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma in slaughtered sheep: a pathological and polymerase chain reaction study. J S Afr Vet Assoc 2014; 85:932. [PMID: 24831538 DOI: 10.4102/jsava.v85i1.932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2012] [Revised: 06/20/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma (OPA) is a contagious tumour in sheep caused by jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (JSRV). This tumour originates from the pneumocyte type II and Clara cells and grossly appears as hard, prominent nodules in different lobes. The clinical signs of the disease are similar to those of other chronic respiratory diseases and are not pathogonomic. Therefore, post mortem examinations and histopathological studies are the most reliable ways to diagnose OPA, particularly subclinical cases of this neoplasm. In this study, out of 1000 sheep lungs grossly inspected, 50 animals were suspected of OPA. The suspected lungs as well as 25 apparently normal lungs were examined by histopathological and PCR methods. The proviral DNA was detected in 1/25 apparently normal lungs and 8/50 of the suspected lungs and subsequently confirmed by histopathological studies. The PCR-positive lung samples from five sheep revealed lesions of 'atypical' OPA and those from three sheep showed the 'classic' form of the disease. The tumours were multifocal and the masses were distributed throughout the cranioventral and diaphragmatic lung lobes. The stroma of the tumours in the atypical cases was more severely affected with inflammatory cell infiltration and connective tissue proliferation. The histopathological characteristics of maedi including hyperplasia of the perivascular and peribronchiolar lymphoid cells, interstitial lymphoplasmacytic infiltration and smooth muscle hyperplasia were also associated with OPA, especially the atypical form of this adenocarcinoma. Atypical OPA was more prevalent than the classic form. Geographic and climatic conditions, duration of exposure to the virus and the immune status of individual animals might be responsible for the differences between the two pathological entities of OPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahrzad Azizi
- Department of Pathology, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman.
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18
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Zhang K, Kong H, Liu Y, Shang Y, Wu B, Liu X. Diagnosis and phylogenetic analysis of ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma in China. Virus Genes 2014; 48:64-73. [PMID: 24150961 PMCID: PMC3909617 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-013-0988-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma (OPA) is a lung tumor of sheep caused by jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (JSRV). OPA is common in sheep, and it is most commonly observed in China. Without preventative vaccines and serological diagnostic tools for assay of OPA, identification of JSRV based on reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is very important for prevention and control measures for OPA in practice management. In this study, the diagnosis of OPA was made from analysis of clinical signs, pathological observations, JSRV-like particle discovery, and RT-PCR of the target env gene. The phylogenetic analysis showed that the China Shandong (SD) strain studied in this article belonged to exogenous JSRV, and it was very similar to 92k3, which was isolated from sheep in the Kenya (Y18305). The current study reported a severe outbreak of OPA in Shandong Province, China. The observations could offer a comparative view of the env gene of JSRV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keshan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping No.1, Yanchangpu, Lanzhou, 730046 Gansu People’s Republic of China
| | - Hanjin Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongjie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping No.1, Yanchangpu, Lanzhou, 730046 Gansu People’s Republic of China
| | - Youjun Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping No.1, Yanchangpu, Lanzhou, 730046 Gansu People’s Republic of China
| | - Bin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiangtao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping No.1, Yanchangpu, Lanzhou, 730046 Gansu People’s Republic of China
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19
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Humann-Ziehank E, Renko K, Bruegmann ML, Devi VR, Hewicker-Trautwein M, Andreae A, Ganter M. Long-term study of ovine pulmonary adenocarcinogenesis in sheep with marginal vs. sufficient nutritional selenium supply: results from computed tomography, pathology, immunohistochemistry, JSRV-PCR and lung biochemistry. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2013; 27:391-9. [PMID: 23623247 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2013.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2012] [Revised: 01/09/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The impact of selenium (Se) in carcinogenesis is still debatable due to inconsistent results of observational studies, recent suspicion of diabetic side effects and e.g. dual roles of glutathione peroxidases (GPx). Previously, our group introduced long-term studies on lung carcinogenesis using the jaagtsiekte sheep retrovirus (JSRV) induced ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma (OPA) as an innovative animal model. The present report describes the results of sufficient (0.2 mg Se/kg dry weight (dw)) vs. marginal (<0.05 mg Se/kg dw) nutritional Se supply on cancer progression over a two-year period in 16 animals. Computed tomography (CT) evaluation of lung cancer progression, final pathological examination, evidence of pro-viral JSRV-DNA in lung, lymph nodes and broncho-alveolar lavage cells as well as biochemical analysis of Se, GPx1 and thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) activity in lung tissue were recorded. Additionally, immunohistochemical determination of GPx1 expression in unaffected and neoplastic lung cells was implemented. The feeding regime caused significant differences in Se concentration and GPx1 activity in lung tissue between groups, whereas TrxR activity remained unaffected. JSRV was evident in broncho-alveolar lavage cells, lung tissue and lung lymph nodes. Quarterly executed CT could not demonstrate differences in lung cancer proliferation intensity. Necropsy and histopathology substantiated CT findings. Immunohistochemical analysis of GPx1 in lung tissue suggested a coherency of GPx1 immunolabelling intensity in dependence of tumour size. It was concluded that the model proved to be suitable for long-term studies of lung cancer proliferation including the impact of modifiable nutritional factors. Proliferation of OPA was unaffected by marginal vs. sufficient nutritional Se supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Humann-Ziehank
- Klinik für kleine Klauentiere und Forensische Medizin und Ambulatorische Klinik, Stiftung Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover, Bischofsholer Damm 15, D-30173 Hannover, Germany.
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20
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Scott P, Griffiths D, Cousens C. Diagnosis and control of ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma (Jaagsiekte). IN PRACTICE 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/inp.f4427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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21
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Maeda N, Inoshima Y, Oouchi S, Uede T. Surveillance of Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus in sheep in Hokkaido, the northern island of Japan. J Vet Med Sci 2011; 73:1493-5. [PMID: 21712639 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.11-0133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Surveillance of jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (JSRV) infection was performed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of blood DNA samples collected from 40 sheep and goats in 10 different flocks in Hokkaido, the northern island of Japan. No exogenous (oncogenic) JSRV sequence was detected by PCR in these samples, while the ovine endogenous retrovirus sequence was successfully amplified in all samples. Our paper is the first demonstration of JSRV surveillance in Japan and shows no evidence of oncogenic JSRV infection in sheep and goats in Hokkaido.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoyoshi Maeda
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, HokkaidoUniversity, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060–0815, Japan
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22
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Imaging and score-based quantification of ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma using computed tomography as an additional tool in advanced clinical diagnosis. Small Rumin Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2010.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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23
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Humann-Ziehank E, Wolf P, Renko K, Schomburg L, Ludwig Bruegmann M, Andreae A, Brauer C, Ganter M. Ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma as an animal model of progressive lung cancer and the impact of nutritional selenium supply. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2011; 25 Suppl 1:S30-4. [PMID: 21146969 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2010.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2010] [Accepted: 10/26/2010] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (JSRV) is known to induce ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma (OPA). Several studies have suggested an influence of selenium (Se) status on cancer progression. Thus, combining OPA with a defined Se supply might serve as a suitable animal model to study the impact of Se on lung cancer progression. 16 naturally JSRV-infected sheep were divided into 2 treatment groups receiving (a) <0.05 and (b) 0.2 mg Se/kg dry matter in diet, respectively. Computed tomography (CT) was performed repeatedly and evaluated using a CT-OPA-score system. Liver biopsies were taken three-monthly, blood samples were collected biweekly to study treatment effects on Se concentrations and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity. Cell pellets from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were tested for JSRV by PCR to approve the infection. To date, four animals of the ongoing study have been euthanised. Autopsy and histopathology were performed and correlated to CT analysis. JSRV was detected in BALF cell pellets. Progression of lung tumours was monitored successfully by repeated CT examinations, enabling the detection of even small nodules or increased lung density. Histopathology revealed bronchioloalveolar adenocarcinoma in lung areas suspicious to be OPA from CT evaluation. Score-based analysis of CT images for quantifying tumour progression proved as a valuable tool. Se concentration and GPx activity increased in liver and serum of group b and verified the efficiency of different feeding regime. In conclusion, OPA along with CT, autopsy/histopathology, trace element and enzyme activity analysis provide a suitable large animal model to examine the impact of Se supply on lung tumourigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Humann-Ziehank
- Clinic for Swine, Small Ruminants, Forensic Medicine and Ambulatory Service, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bischofsholer Damm 15, D-30173 Hannover, Germany.
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24
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Griffiths D, Martineau H, Cousens C. Pathology and Pathogenesis of Ovine Pulmonary Adenocarcinoma. J Comp Pathol 2010; 142:260-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2009.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2009] [Revised: 11/28/2009] [Accepted: 12/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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25
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Lewis FI, Brülisauer F, Cousens C, McKendrick IJ, Gunn GJ. Diagnostic accuracy of PCR for Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus using field data from 125 Scottish sheep flocks. Vet J 2009; 187:104-8. [PMID: 19931475 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2009.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2009] [Revised: 10/18/2009] [Accepted: 10/20/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Using a representative sample of Scottish sheep comprising 125 flocks, the sensitivity and specificity of PCR for Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (JSRV) was estimated. By combining and adapting existing methods, the characteristics of the diagnostic test were estimated (in the absence of a gold standard reference) using repeated laboratory replicates. As the results of replicates within the same animal cannot be considered to be independent, the performance of the PCR was calculated at individual replicate level. The median diagnostic specificity of the PCR when applied to individual animals drawn from the Scottish flock was estimated to be 0.997 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.996-0.999), whereas the median sensitivity was 0.107 (95% CI 0.077-0.152). Considering the diagnostic test as three replicates where a positive result on any one or more replicates results in a positive test, the median sensitivity increased to 0.279. Reasons for the low observed sensitivity were explored by comparing the performance of the test as a function of the concentration of target DNA using spiked positive controls with known concentrations of target DNA. The median sensitivity of the test when used with positive samples with a mean concentration of 1.0 target DNA sequence per 25μL was estimated to be 0.160, which suggests that the PCR had a high true (analytical) sensitivity and that the low observed (diagnostic) sensitivity in individual samples was due to low concentrations of target DNA in the blood of clinically healthy animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- F I Lewis
- Epidemiology Research Unit, SAC (Scottish Agricultural College), King's Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, UK.
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26
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Katsoulos PD, Christodoulopoulos G, Kontopidis G, Minas A, Tzivara A, Kritas SK. Leukocyte counts in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid obtained from normal and Maedi-Visna-infected sheep. Vet Clin Pathol 2009; 38:397-402. [PMID: 19351339 DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-165x.2009.00129.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bronchoalveolar lavage has proven helpful for the diagnosis of certain ovine diseases of the lungs. There is insufficient data concerning the leukocyte profile of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from MaediVisna infected sheep. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to assess the differential leukocyte profile of BALF associated with Maedi virus infection in sheep and to determine whether cytologic examination of BALF is an effective way to diagnose Maedi or determine the severity of lung lesions. METHODS BALF and serum samples were analyzed from 400 sheep. Sediment smears of bronchoalveolar lavage were stained with Diff-Quik and examined microscopically to obtain a 200-cell differential cell count. Serum was tested using a commercial kit for Maedi-Visna virus antibodies. Lung samples obtained at the time of slaughter were weighed and examined histologically. RESULTS Maedi-infected sheep (n=267; seropositive with lung lesions) had a significantly higher percentage of lymphocytes and lower percentage of macrophages in BALF than normal sheep (n=133; seronegative and no lung lesions). These differences were significantly more severe in animals with advanced vs moderate lung lesions. Using classification trees, a cut-off of 13.5% lymphocytes was predictive of Maedi infection and a cut-off of 24.5% lymphocytes was predictive of advanced lung lesions. CONCLUSIONS Cytologic examination of BALF is useful for the clinical diagnosis of Maedi in sheep and provides important information about the severity of the lung lesions.
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