1
|
Delaye M, Geraud A, Delahousse J, Paci A, Morel D, Broutin S, Laurent S, Gougis P, Combarel D, Lloret-Linares C, Scotté F. Management of Pain Medication in Patients With a History of Bariatric Surgery: A Systematic Review. J Pain Symptom Manage 2024; 67:e859-e868. [PMID: 38309443 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2024.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT Obesity prevalence is persistently increasing worldwide. Among surgical therapeutic procedures, bypass surgery and sleeve gastrectomy have shown the best results regarding weight loss, prevention, and treatment of secondary complications. However, these surgeries are associated with an increased risk of malabsorption and metabolic changes that could further affect the pharmacokinetics of drugs. On the other hand, patients with a history of such surgeries are more likely to experience pain and request analgesic initiation or adaptation. The question of how to manage pain medication in these patients is challenging due to their narrow therapeutic indexes. OBJECTIVES To summarize the current literature on the impact of bariatric surgery on the subsequent pharmacokinetics of analgesics and propose a multidisciplinary therapeutic attitude to optimize pain management in these patients. METHODS We conducted a systematic review that included all pharmacological studies published after 2000. RESULTS Unexpectedly, these surgeries seem to increase the bioavailability of drugs by long-term improvement of hepatic function. Yet, the medical community drastically lacks robust guidelines for pain management in those patients. This systematic review aims to bring together pharmacological studies related to the use of pain treatments in patients who underwent bypass surgery or sleeve gastrectomy. CONCLUSIONS Caution should be exercised regarding the risk of overdose in every circumstance: treatment initiation, change of doses, or change of molecule. More prospective trials comparing the pharmacokinetics of medications in obese patients with and without prior bariatric surgery are needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Delaye
- Gustave Roussy (M.D.), Pain Management Unit, Villejuif, France.
| | - Arthur Geraud
- Departement of Medical Oncology (A.G), Institut Paoli-Calmette, Marseille, France
| | - Julia Delahousse
- Pharmacology Department (J.D., A.P., S.B., D.C.), Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Angelo Paci
- Pharmacology Department (J.D., A.P., S.B., D.C.), Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Paris Saclay University (A.P., D.M., D.C.), Orsay, France
| | - Daphné Morel
- Paris Saclay University (A.P., D.M., D.C.), Orsay, France; ATIP-Avenir Group, UMR981 (D.M.), INSERM (French National Institute of Health and Medical Research), Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Sophie Broutin
- Pharmacology Department (J.D., A.P., S.B., D.C.), Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Sophie Laurent
- Gustave Roussy (M.D.), Pain Management Unit, Villejuif, France
| | - Paul Gougis
- Residual Tumor & Response to Treatment Laboratory, RT2Lab, Translational Research Department (P.G.), INSERM, U932 Immunity and Cancer, Paris, France
| | - David Combarel
- Pharmacology Department (J.D., A.P., S.B., D.C.), Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Paris Saclay University (A.P., D.M., D.C.), Orsay, France
| | | | - Florian Scotté
- Interdisciplinary Cancer Course Division Gustave Roussy (F.S.), Villejuif, France
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Govendir M, Vogelnest L, Shapiro AJ, Marschner C, Kimble B. Pharmacokinetic profile of oral and subcutaneous administration of paracetamol in the koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) and prediction of its analgesic efficacy. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0300703. [PMID: 38630750 PMCID: PMC11023281 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The pharmacokinetic profile of paracetamol in koalas is described when administered orally at 15 mg/kg; followed by the same dose, administered every 12 hours (hrs), repeated five times. After the initial oral administration, the median (range) maximal plasma concentration (Cmax), the time Cmax was reached (Tmax) and elimination half-life (t1/2) were 16.93 μg/mL (13.66 to 20.25 μg/mL); 4 hrs (4 to 8 hrs) and 5.54 hrs (4.66 to 7.67 hrs), respectively. When paracetamol was administered orally at 15 mg/mL every 12 hrs, the trough total plasma concentration range remained comparable to the therapeutic range in humans i.e. 4 to 20 μg/mL that is known to provide some analgesia. However, there is a smaller proportion of free drug (i.e. not bound to plasma proteins; and the active form) available in koala plasma (approximately 40% unbound) compared to human plasma (approximately 80% unbound). Consequently, even when there are similar total drug plasma concentrations in both koala and human plasma, the therapeutic efficacy may be reduced in koalas compared to humans. The initial oral dose and subsequent twice daily doses resulted in no obvious adverse effects in any koala. Haematology, plasma electrolyte and biochemical analyte values remained within their reference ranges eight hrs after the last dose but there was a significant change in alanine transaminase (ALT) levels (an increase), and in total protein (a decrease) (both p = 0.03). A dose of 15 mg/kg was also administered as a subcutaneous injection, diluted 50:50 with saline, to two koalas. As the oral formulation and the subcutaneous administration resulted in comparable absorption, the study focused on the oral profile. Based on these results there is an argument to recommend a slight increase in the oral paracetamol dose for the koala, however further investigation is required to confirm whether repeated administration of a slightly higher dose may be associated with more severe or additional significant changes in haematology, electrolytes or biochemical analytes. However, a preferable recommendation would be to administer this dosage of paracetamol in combination with another analgesic such as tramadol, as a subcutaneous injection, to improve efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Merran Govendir
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Larry Vogelnest
- Taronga Conservation Society Australia, Mosman, NSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Amanda J. Shapiro
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Caroline Marschner
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Benjamin Kimble
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mercer MA, Davis JL, McKenzie HC, Byron CR, Kelleher ME, Trager L, Cecere TE, Wilson KE, Council-Troche RM, Werre SR. Pharmacokinetics, clinical efficacy and safety of acetaminophen (paracetamol) in adult horses with naturally occurring chronic lameness. Equine Vet J 2024; 56:202-214. [PMID: 37287331 DOI: 10.1111/evj.13959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acetaminophen is used clinically in horses with musculoskeletal pain; however, no studies have been performed in horses with chronic lameness. OBJECTIVES To determine the pharmacokinetics, safety and efficacy of chronic dosing of acetaminophen in horses with naturally occurring chronic lameness. STUDY DESIGN Longitudinal. METHODS Twelve adult horses with chronic lameness were treated with acetaminophen (30 mg/kg PO) every 12 h for 21 days. Plasma concentrations of acetaminophen were analysed on days 7 and 21 via LC-MS/MS and noncompartmental pharmacokinetic analysis. Lameness was evaluated by body-mounted inertial sensor (BMIS) and 10-point subjective lameness score on day 21 and compared to untreated baseline evaluation on day 35. Clinicopathological analysis (n = 12), hepatic biopsy (n = 6) and gastroscopy (n = 6) were evaluated on days -1 and 22. RESULTS Maximum plasma acetaminophen concentration (Cmax ) was 20.83 ± 10.25 μg/mL at time (Tmax ) 0.40 ± 0.22 h on day 7. The Cmax on day 21 was 17.33 ± 6.91 μg/mL with a Tmax of 0.67 ± 0.26 h. Subjective lameness scores significantly improved at 2 and 4 h post-treatment; Significant percent improvement was detected in PDmax for horses with hindlimb lameness at 1, 2 and 8 h post-treatment. There were no significant differences in gastroscopy or hepatic biopsy scores between days -1 and 22. MAIN LIMITATIONS Small sample size, multi-limb lameness of varying severity and aetiology, lack of intermediary lameness evaluation. CONCLUSIONS In horses with naturally occurring chronic lameness, acetaminophen at 30 mg/kg produced a transient improvement in subjective lameness and BMIS evaluation. Acetaminophen may not be effective as a monotherapy. Acetaminophen was safe following 21 days of 30 mg/kg PO every 12 h, with no evidence of clinically significant changes in clinicopathological analysis, hepatic biopsy or gastric ulceration scores.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A Mercer
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia, USA
| | - Jennifer L Davis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia, USA
| | - Harold C McKenzie
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia, USA
| | - Christopher R Byron
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia, USA
| | - Maureen E Kelleher
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Marion duPont Scott Equine Medical Center, Leesburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Lauren Trager
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia, USA
| | - Thomas E Cecere
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia, USA
| | - Katie E Wilson
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia, USA
| | - R M Council-Troche
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia, USA
| | - Stephen R Werre
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Peraza J, Hector RC, Lee S, Terhaar HM, Knych HK, Wotman KL. Ocular penetration of oral acetaminophen in horses. Equine Vet J 2023; 55:899-904. [PMID: 36482840 DOI: 10.1111/evj.13902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acetaminophen (paracetamol) is increasingly used to treat painful conditions in horses but its ocular penetration has not been studied. OBJECTIVES To determine whether orally administered acetaminophen penetrates the aqueous humour of the normal equine eye and report an aqueous humour:serum acetaminophen concentration ratio in horses. STUDY DESIGN In vivo experiment. METHODS Six privately owned horses with normal ophthalmic examinations weighing 568 ± 65 kg (mean ± standard deviation) and aged 11 ± 4 years were given 20 mg/kg acetaminophen orally every 12 h for a total of six doses. Physical exam parameters were recorded prior to, during, and after the dosing period. One hour after the final dose, horses were sedated and simultaneous aqueous humour and serum samples were collected and analysed for acetaminophen concentrations and selected eicosanoids. An aqueous humour:serum acetaminophen concentration ratio was calculated. A second aqueous humour sample was taken and analysed for eicosanoid concentrations 3 months after acetaminophen dosing. Physical exam data were compared between time points using a mixed model analysis (significance p < 0.05). RESULTS Acetaminophen was detected in both serum and aqueous humour of all horses and mean ± standard deviation aqueous humour:serum acetaminophen concentration ratio was 44.9 ± 15.9%. No significant changes in physical exam parameters occurred during or after dosing. Eicosanoids were not detected in aqueous humour at any sampling point. MAIN LIMITATIONS Presence of acetaminophen in the aqueous humour may not relate to clinical effect. A therapeutic level of acetaminophen has not been determined in horses, and the absence of ocular inflammation does not reflect conditions in which acetaminophen may be used. CONCLUSIONS Acetaminophen readily penetrates the aqueous humour of the normal equine eye after consecutive oral dosing. Further study is required to determine whether acetaminophen is useful in the treatment of ocular pain and inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacky Peraza
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Rachel C Hector
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Sera Lee
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Hannah M Terhaar
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Heather K Knych
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Kathryn L Wotman
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Gold JR, Grubb T, Court M, Villarino NF. Pharmacokinetics of single dose administration of three increasing doses of acetaminophen per os in 1-3-month-old foals. Equine Vet J 2023; 55:891-898. [PMID: 36482786 DOI: 10.1111/evj.13903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acetaminophen is a common analgesic and antipyretic drug used in human medicine and might be an alternative to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for treating pain and pyrexia in foals. The pharmacokinetics and safety of differing doses of acetaminophen have not been investigated in foals. OBJECTIVES To determine the plasma pharmacokinetics and any changes in haematology and biochemistry profiles following oral administration of single doses of acetaminophen at 10, 20, and 40 mg/kg to foals. STUDY DESIGN Randomised cross-over pharmacokinetic study. METHODS Six Quarter Horse (two colts and four fillies) foals received 10, 20, and 40 mg/kg acetaminophen orally once. Haematology and biochemistry profiles were performed before and 7 days after each drug administration. Blood samples were collected over 64 h after drug administration and were used to quantify plasma acetaminophen concentrations by liquid chromatography. Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined using compartmental analysis. RESULTS Median (range) acetaminophen plasma concentrations were 4.4 (1.8-5.1), 6.3 (2.6-12.6), and 14 (7.3-18) μg/ml for the 10, 20, and 40 mg/kg doses, respectively. Median acetaminophen area under the concentration versus time curve (AUC)0-∞ ranged from 25 (11-32), 41 (22-74), and 105 (82-142) h × μg/ml for the 10, 20, and 40 mg/kg doses, respectively. Dose-normalised maximal concentrations and AUC0-∞ values were similar across dose concentrations (p > 0.05). Median terminal half-life for all doses was 2.7-2.8 h. Haematology and biochemistry profiles were normal except for blood urea nitrogen and alkaline phosphatase concentrations. MAIN LIMITATIONS Foals were growing throughout the study, starting at 1 month and ending at 3 months. Deposition of drugs changes with age. The sample size was small and only single doses were evaluated. No liver biopsies were performed. CONCLUSION Plasma disposition of acetaminophen after a single oral dose of 10, 20, and 40 mg/kg to 1-3-month-old foals varies greatly with the dose. The analgesic and antipyretic effect in foals is unknown.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jenifer Robin Gold
- Associate-Internal Medicine and Criticalist, Wisconsin Equine Clinic and Hospital, Oconomowoc, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Tamara Grubb
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Michael Court
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gold JR, Grubb T, Court MH, Villarino NF. Pharmacokinetics of acetaminophen after a single Oral administration of 20 or 40 mg/kg to 7-9 Day-old foals. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1198940. [PMID: 37483288 PMCID: PMC10359069 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1198940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Acetaminophen is utilized in human infants for pain management and fever. Neonatal foals might benefit from administration of acetaminophen but effective and safe dosage regimens for neonatal foals remains to be determined. Objective The objective was to determine the plasma pharmacokinetics of acetaminophen following oral administration of a single dose of 20 mg/kg or 40 mg/kg to neonatal foals. A secondary objective was to evaluate any changes in hematology and biochemistry profiles. Study design Randomized study. Methods Eight clinically healthy 7-9-day old Quarter Horse foals (3 colts and 5 fillies) received a single oral dose of acetaminophen either 20 (n = 4) or 40 (n = 4) mg/kg. Hematology and biochemistry profiles were evaluated before and 7 days after drug administration. Blood samples were collected before and 8 times after acetaminophen administration for 48 h to quantify plasma acetaminophen concentrations. Plasma pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated using non- compartmental analysis. Results The median peak plasma concentrations (and range) occurred at 1.5 (0.5-2) hours, and 1.0 (1-2) hours for the 20 and 40 mg/kg doses. The maximum plasma concentration (and range) was 12 (7.9-17.4) μg/mL for the 20 mg/kg dose and 14 (11-18) μg/mL for 40 mg/kg dose. The median AUC0-∞ ranged from 46 to 100 and 79 to 160 h*-μg/mL for the 20 and 40 mg/kg dose, respectively. Hematology and biochemistry profiles remained within normal limits. Conclusion Plasma disposition of acetaminophen after oral administration of 20 and 40 mg/kg to neonates is comparable to adult horses. However, safety and the optimal dosage regimen of acetaminophen for treating pain and or pyrexia in neonates in this age group remains to be determined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jenifer R. Gold
- Wisconsin Equine Clinic and Hospital, Oconomowoc, WI, United States
| | - Tamara Grubb
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Michael H. Court
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Nicolas F. Villarino
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Mercer MA, Davis JL, McKenzie HC. The Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutic Evaluation of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs in Adult Horses. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13101597. [PMID: 37238029 DOI: 10.3390/ani13101597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This review firstly examines the underlying pathophysiology of pain and inflammation associated with orthopedic disease and endotoxemia. Then, it reviews the clinical pharmacology (pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics) of both conventional and non-conventional NSAIDs in the adult horse, and finally provides an overview of different modalities to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of NSAIDs in research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A Mercer
- Department of Biological Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Jennifer L Davis
- Department of Biological Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Harold C McKenzie
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Statelova M, Holm R, Fotaki N, Reppas C, Vertzoni M. Usefulness of the Beagle Model in the Evaluation of Paracetamol and Ibuprofen Exposure after Oral Administration to Pediatric Populations: An Exploratory Study. Mol Pharm 2023. [PMID: 37125690 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to explore the usefulness of beagle dogs in combination with physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling in the evaluation of drug exposure after oral administration to pediatric populations at an early stage of pharmaceutical product development. An exploratory, single-dose, crossover bioavailability study in six beagles was performed. A paracetamol suspension and an ibuprofen suspension were coadministered in the fasted-state conditions, under reference-meal fed-state conditions, and under infant-formula fed-state conditions. PBPK models developed with GastroPlus v9.7 were used to inform the extrapolation of beagle data to human infants and children. Beagle-based simulation outcomes were compared with published human-adult-based simulations. For paracetamol, fasted-state conditions and reference-meal fed-state conditions in beagles appeared to provide adequate information for the applied scaling approach. Fasted-state and/or reference-meal fed-state conditions in beagles appeared suitable to simulate the performance of ibuprofen suspension in pediatric populations. Contrary to human-adult-based translations, extrapolations based on beagle data collected under infant-formula fed-state conditions appeared less useful for informing simulations of plasma levels in pediatric populations. Beagle data collected under fasted and/or reference-meal fed-state conditions appeared to be useful in the investigation of pediatric product performance of the two investigated highly permeable and highly soluble drugs in the upper small intestine. The suitability of the beagle as a preclinical model to understand pediatric drug product performance under different dosing conditions deserves further evaluation with a broader spectrum of drugs and drug products and comparisons with pediatric in vivo data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Statelova
- Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 157 84, Greece
| | - René Holm
- Drug Product Development, Janssen Research and Development, Johnson & Johnson, Beerse B-2340, Belgium
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Odense 5230, Denmark
| | - Nikoletta Fotaki
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K
| | - Christos Reppas
- Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 157 84, Greece
| | - Maria Vertzoni
- Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 157 84, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Blanco G, Gómez-Ramírez P, Espín S, Sánchez-Virosta P, Frías Ó, García-Fernández AJ. Domestic Waste and Wastewaters as Potential Sources of Pharmaceuticals in Nestling White Storks (Ciconia ciconia). Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12030520. [PMID: 36978387 PMCID: PMC10044248 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12030520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Information on the exposure of wild birds to pharmaceuticals from wastewater and urban refuse is scarce despite the enormous amount of drugs consumed and discarded by human populations. We tested for the presence of a battery of antibiotics, NSAIDs, and analgesics in the blood of white stork (Ciconia ciconia) nestlings in the vicinity of urban waste dumps and contaminated rivers in Madrid, central Spain. We also carried out a literature review on the occurrence and concentration of the tested compounds in other wild bird species to further evaluate possible shared exposure routes with white storks. The presence of two pharmaceutical drugs (the analgesic acetaminophen and the antibiotic marbofloxacin) out of fourteen analysed in the blood of nestlings was confirmed in 15% of individuals (n = 20) and in 30% of the nests (n = 10). The apparently low occurrence and concentration (acetaminophen: 9.45 ng mL−1; marbofloxacin: 7.21 ng mL−1) in nestlings from different nests suggests the uptake through food acquired in rubbish dumps rather than through contaminated flowing water provided by parents to offspring. As with other synthetic materials, different administration forms (tablets, capsules, and gels) of acetaminophen discarded in household waste could be accidentally ingested when parent storks forage on rubbish to provide meat scraps to their nestlings. The presence of the fluoroquinolone marbofloxacin, exclusively used in veterinary medicine, suggests exposure via consumption of meat residues of treated animals for human consumption found in rubbish dumps, as documented previously at higher concentrations in vultures consuming entire carcasses of large livestock. Control measures and ecopharmacovigilance frameworks are needed to minimize the release of pharmaceutical compounds from the human population into the environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Blanco
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC, José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Pilar Gómez-Ramírez
- Toxicology and Risk Assessment Group, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Silvia Espín
- Toxicology and Risk Assessment Group, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
- Area of Toxicology, Department of Socio-Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Pablo Sánchez-Virosta
- Area of Toxicology, Department of Socio-Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Óscar Frías
- Department of Physical, Chemical and Natural Systems, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Carretera de Utrera, km. 1, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Antonio J. García-Fernández
- Toxicology and Risk Assessment Group, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
- Area of Toxicology, Department of Socio-Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Mercer MA, Davis JL, McKenzie HC, Messenger KM, Schaefer E, Council-Troche RM, Werre SR. Pharmacokinetics and efficacy of orally administered acetaminophen (paracetamol) in adult horses with experimentally induced endotoxemia. J Vet Intern Med 2023; 37:718-727. [PMID: 36840424 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acetaminophen has been evaluated in horses for treatment of musculoskeletal pain but not as an antipyretic. OBJECTIVES To determine the pharmacokinetics and efficacy of acetaminophen compared to placebo and flunixin meglumine in adult horses with experimentally induced endotoxemia. ANIMALS Eight university owned research horses with experimentally induced endotoxemia. METHODS Randomized placebo controlled crossover study. Horses were treated with acetaminophen (30 mg/kg PO; APAP), flunixin meglumine (1.1 mg/kg, PO; FLU), and placebo (PO; PLAC) 2 hours after administration of LPS. Plasma APAP was analyzed via LC-MS/MS. Serial CBC, lactate, serum amyloid A, heart rate and rectal temperature were evaluated. Serum IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and TNF-α were evaluated by an equine-specific multiplex assay. RESULTS Mean maximum plasma APAP concentration was 13.97 ± 2.74 μg/mL within 0.6 ± 0.3 hour after administration. At 4 and 6 hours after treatment, both APAP (P = <.001, P = .03, respectively) and FLU (P = .0045 and P < .001, respectively) had a significantly greater decrease in rectal temperature compared to placebo. FLU caused greater heart rate reduction than APAP at 4 and 6 hours (P = .004 and P = .04), and PLAC at 4 hours (P = .05) after treatment. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE The pharmacokinetics of acetaminophen in endotoxemic horses differ from those reported by previous studies in healthy horses. Acetaminophen is an option for antipyresis in clinical cases, particularly when administration of traditional NSAIDs is contraindicated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A Mercer
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Jennifer L Davis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Harold C McKenzie
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Kristen M Messenger
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Emily Schaefer
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - R McAlister Council-Troche
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Stephen R Werre
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Mercer MA, McKenzie HC, Byron CR, Pleasant RS, Bogers SH, Council-Troche RM, Werre SR, Burns T, Davis JL. Pharmacokinetics and clinical efficacy of Acetaminophen (Paracetamol) in adult horses with mechanically induced lameness. Equine Vet J 2022; 55:524-533. [PMID: 35633196 DOI: 10.1111/evj.13601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acetaminophen has been used clinically in horses alone or combined with traditional NSAIDs for treatment of musculoskeletal pain in horses. OBJECTIVES To determine the pharmacokinetics and efficacy of acetaminophen at two doses in horses with mechanically induced lameness compared to phenylbutazone or placebo control. STUDY DESIGN In vivo experiment. METHODS Nine healthy mares with mechanical lameness induced via a reversible sole pressure horseshoe model were treated with acetaminophen (20 mg/kg PO; A20), acetaminophen (30 mg/kg PO; A30), phenylbutazone (2.2 mg/kg, PO; PB) and oral placebo (C) in a randomised 4-way Latin square model. Plasma concentrations for A20 and A30 were analysed via LC-MS/MS and noncompartmental pharmacokinetic analysis. Heart rate and heart rate variability were measured using a portable telemetry. Lameness was scored by three blinded boarded equine surgeons using the AAEP and 10-point scales. RESULTS Mean maximum plasma concentration (Cmax ) for A20 was 20.01 ug/mL within 0.66h (Tmax ) after administration; The mean Cmax for A30 was 30.02 ug/mL with a Tmax of 0.43 h. Post-treatment heart rate for A30 was significantly lower than A20 at 1 and 7 h; lower than PB at 2, 3, 4.5, and 7 h; lower than C at 2, 3.5, 4.5, 6, 7, and 8 h. 10-point Lameness scores were significantly improved for A30 than C at 2 and 4 h post-treatment; PB was significantly improved than C at 8 h post treatment. There were no significant differences in lameness between A20, A30, and PB. MAIN LIMITATIONS Small sample size, lack of objective lameness measurement. CONCLUSIONS Acetaminophen at 30 mg/kg produced a more rapid improvement in lameness scores and heart rate compared to other treatments in this model. Further evaluation of the pharmacokinetics and safety of repeated oral dosing of acetaminophen at 30 mg/kg is needed to determine clinical utility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A Mercer
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine
| | - Harold C McKenzie
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine
| | - Christopher R Byron
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine
| | - Robert S Pleasant
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine
| | - Sophie H Bogers
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine
| | - Roberto M Council-Troche
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine
| | - Stephen R Werre
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Travis Burns
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine
| | - Jennifer L Davis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Bradley C, Manchip K, Sansom PG, Carter WJ. Prophylactic efficacy of intravenous paracetamol administration to reduce the incidence of post-operative ocular hypertension in dogs undergoing phacoemulsification: A pilot study. Vet Ophthalmol 2022; 25:350-359. [PMID: 35512023 DOI: 10.1111/vop.12990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine whether intravenous administration of paracetamol can prevent postoperative ocular hypertension (POH) in dogs following routine phacoemulsification. METHODS Diabetic and non-diabetic patients (total 54 dogs) undergoing unilateral or bilateral phacoemulsification were recruited to this placebo-controlled, prospective study. The control group received 1 ml/kg saline via intravenous infusion while the treatment group received 10 mg/kg paracetamol via intravenous infusion. Infusions were administered 30 min prior to surgery and repeated 12 h following initial administration. All patients received topical latanoprost at the conclusion of surgery. Intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured before premedication (baseline), and at 1 h, 3 h, 5 h and 18 h following extubation. POH was defined as an IOP above 25 mmHg (POH25). In addition, the number of patients with an IOP exceeding 20 mmHg was analyzed (POH20). RESULTS POH20 occurred in 33 of 54 animals (61.1%), including 19 of 25 animals (76.0%) in the control group and 14 of 29 animals (55.2%) in the treatment group. POH25 occurred in 23 of 44 animals (52.3%), including 13 of 25 animals (52.0%) in the control group and 10 of 29 animals (34.5%) in the treatment group. Paracetamol administration showed a significant positive effect on reducing the incidence of POH20 (p = .048), but not POH25 (p = .221). CONCLUSIONS When comparing groups, treatment with paracetamol showed a statistically significant reduction in the incidence of POH20, although no differences were observed in the incidence of POH25 between groups. Further studies are warranted to explore whether alternative drug regimes or routes of administration can provide enhanced efficacy in the prevention of POH25.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Philip G Sansom
- College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Libera N, McFadzean W. An opioid‐free anaesthesia (OFA) technique for dorsal laminectomy in a dog subsequent to severe bradycardia and hypothermia after previous subcutaneous methadone administration. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/vrc2.287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Libera
- Small Animal Teaching Hospital, University of Liverpool Neston UK
- Cave Veterinary Specialists, George's Farm West Buckland UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Propacetamol in dogs: First description of its pharmacokinetics after intravenous and oral administration. Res Vet Sci 2022; 144:11-17. [PMID: 35033846 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2022.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Propacetamol is a prodrug form of paracetamol (APAP) licensed for human use as a pain reliever in postoperative care. It is prescribed if APAP cannot be administered orally or rectally to a patient and for patients in whom nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are contraindicated. In this study, we aimed to quantify the pharmacokinetics of APAP and its metabolites, paracetamol sulfate (PS), paracetamol glucuronide (PG), and N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine (NAPQI), after a single oral and intravenous (IV) administration of 30 mg/kg of propacetamol to six healthy adult Labrador dogs according to a 2 × 2 crossover study. The analyses were performed using a validated HPLC-MS/MS method. PS and PG exposures were higher than that of APAP, while NAPQI concentrations were constantly below the detection limit of the analytical method. IV propacetamol administration produced 30% more APAP than oral administration. However, propacetamol released a significantly lower amount of active moiety in dogs than in humans. The propacetamol dose administered in this study did not produce plasma APAP concentrations above the threshold sufficient to provide analgesia in adult humans (4 μg/mL). In conclusion, direct IV injection of APAP instead of propacetamol might be a better clinical option for pain relief in dogs.
Collapse
|
15
|
Pesko B, Habershon-Butcher J, Muir T, Gray B, Taylor P, Fenwick S, Hincks P, Scarth J, Paine S. Pharmacokinetics of paracetamol in the Thoroughbred horse following an oral multi-dose administration. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2021; 45:54-62. [PMID: 34644412 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.13024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Paracetamol is a widely used, non-opioid analgesic and antipyretic drug. Scientific evidence suggests that it is an effective pain treatment in equine medicine. However, there is very little published information about the pharmacokinetics of the drug in the horse. The aim of the research was to determine the pharmacokinetics of paracetamol in equine plasma and urine to inform treatment of Thoroughbred racehorses. In this multi-dose study, paracetamol was administered orally at 20 mg/kg to six Thoroughbred horses. Pre- and post-administration urine and plasma samples were collected and analysed using a quantitative liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method. Pharmacokinetic analysis of urine and plasma paracetamol clearance profiles was carried out, which enabled the calculation of possible screening limits (SL) that can regulate for a detection time of 120 h. Additionally, an estimation of orthocetamol concentration levels in urine was carried out to investigate any underlying relationship between the para- and ortho-isomers as both were suspected to contribute to basal levels, possibly due to environmental feed sources.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tessa Muir
- British Horseracing Authority, London, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Stuart Paine
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, UK
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Kuller W, Sietsma S, Hendriksen S, Sperling D. Use of paracetamol in sows around farrowing: effect on health and condition of the sow, piglet mortality, piglet weight and piglet weight gain. Porcine Health Manag 2021; 7:46. [PMID: 34364398 PMCID: PMC8349007 DOI: 10.1186/s40813-021-00224-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pain and fever in the periparturient period can lead to prolonged farrowing and can slow down the recovery of the sow, which will have an effect on the vitality and survival of the piglets. This study investigated the use of orally administered Paracetamol (Pracetam- CEVA) in sows in the periparturient period. RESULTS Mortality did not differ in piglets during the first week, or during total lactation (P > 0.10). No difference was found in weight or weight gain of the piglets during lactation. The coefficient of variation of piglet weight was smaller in the Paracetamol (Pm) group at day 7, day 14 and at weaning, but not at birth. So, the variation within litters was smaller in the Pm- treated sows, in comparison with the Control (C) litters. No difference in mean IgG concentration was found between treatments, but the coefficient of variation was too high (> 40) in 50% of the C litters and not in Pm litters. The Pm- treated sows lost less backfat than the C- sows. No effect was found on the body temperature of the sows, but fever was rare in both groups. CONCLUSION Paracetamol results in less variation of body weight of piglets during lactation, seems to have a potential effect on the distribution of IgG within litters and has a positive effect on backfat loss. The effects of Paracetamol might be even more pronounced in farms with high piglet mortality (this farm only 8%) or with a high incidence of agalactia, fever after farrowing or piglet diarrhoea, which was not the case in this farm. Paracetamol is a promising product for increasing the welfare in lactating sows and optimising production in the farrowing stable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wikke Kuller
- University Farm Animal Practice, Reijerscopse Overgang 1, 3481, LZ, Harmelen, The Netherlands.
| | - Steven Sietsma
- University Farm Animal Practice, Reijerscopse Overgang 1, 3481, LZ, Harmelen, The Netherlands
| | - Susan Hendriksen
- CEVA Netherlands, Ceva Santé Animale B.V, Tiendweg 8c, 2671, SB, Naaldwijk, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel Sperling
- CEVA Sante Animale, Havirna 1133, 67961, Letovice, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Influence of general anaesthesia on the intravenous acetaminophen pharmacokinetics in Beagle dogs. Vet Anaesth Analg 2021; 48:637-644. [PMID: 34281773 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaa.2021.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine if general anaesthesia influences the intravenous (IV) pharmacokinetics (PK) of acetaminophen in dogs. STUDY DESIGN Prospective, crossover, randomized experimental study. ANIMALS A group of nine healthy Beagle dogs. METHODS Acetaminophen PK were determined in conscious and anaesthetized dogs on two separate occasions. Blood samples were collected before, and at 5, 10, 15, 30, 45, 60 and 90 minutes and 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12 and 24 hours after 20 mg kg-1 IV acetaminophen administration. Haematocrit, total proteins, albumin, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, urea and creatinine were determined at baseline and 24 hours after acetaminophen. The anaesthetized group underwent general anaesthesia (90 minutes) for dental cleaning. After the administration of dexmedetomidine (3 μg kg-1) intramuscularly, anaesthesia was induced with propofol (2-3 mg kg-1) IV, followed by acetaminophen administration. Anaesthesia was maintained with isoflurane in 50% oxygen (Fe'Iso 1.3-1.5%). Dogs were mechanically ventilated. Plasma concentrations were analysed with high-performance liquid chromatography. PK analysis was undertaken using compartmental modelling. A Wilcoxon test was used to compare PK data between groups, and clinical laboratory values between groups, and before versus 24 hours after acetaminophen administration. Data are presented as median and range (p < 0.05). RESULTS A two-compartmental model best described time-concentration profiles of acetaminophen. No significant differences were found for volume of distribution values 1.41 (0.94-3.65) and 1.72 (0.89-2.60) L kg-1, clearance values 1.52 (0.71-2.30) and 1.60 (0.91-1.78) L kg-1 hour-1 or terminal elimination half-life values 2.45 (1.45-8.71) and 3.57 (1.96-6.35) hours between conscious and anaesthetized dogs, respectively. Clinical laboratory variables were within normal range. No adverse effects were recorded. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE IV acetaminophen PK in healthy Beagle dogs were unaffected by general anaesthesia under the study conditions. Further studies are necessary to evaluate the PK in different clinical contexts.
Collapse
|
18
|
Miura T, Kamiya Y, Uehara S, Murayama N, Shimizu M, Suemizu H, Yamazaki H. Hepatotoxicological potential of P-toluic acid in humanised-liver mice investigated using simplified physiologically based pharmacokinetic models. Xenobiotica 2021; 51:636-642. [PMID: 33781181 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2021.1908643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
p-Toluic acid, a metabolite of organic solvent xylene, has a high reported no-observed-effect level (NOEL, 1000 mg/kg) in rats, possibly because of direct glycine conjugation to methylhippuric acid. In this study, plasma levels of p-toluic acid and its glycine conjugate in mice and humanised-liver mice were evaluated after oral administrations.Although rapid conversion of p-toluic acid to its glycine conjugate was evident from mouse plasma concentrations, the biotransformation of p-toluic acid was slower in humanised-liver mice. The input parameters for physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models were determined using fitting procedures to create PBPK-generated plasma concentration curves.The PBPK-modelled hepatic concentrations of p-toluic acid in humanised-liver mice were higher than those observed in plasma. PBPK-modelled hepatic and plasma concentrations of p-toluic acid also indicated slow elimination in humans.These results suggest that rapid conjugations of p-toluic acid reportedly observed in rats could result in overestimation of NOELs for conjugatable chemicals when extrapolated to humanised-liver mice or humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomonori Miura
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kamiya
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Japan
| | - Shotaro Uehara
- Laboratory Animal Research Department, Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Norie Murayama
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Japan
| | - Makiko Shimizu
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Suemizu
- Laboratory Animal Research Department, Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yamazaki
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Pietruk K, Gbylik-Sikorska M, Łebkowska-Wieruszewska B, Gajda A, Giorgi M, Sartini I, Jedziniak P. Development of a Multimatrix UHPLC-MS/MS Method for the Determination of Paracetamol and Its Metabolites in Animal Tissues. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26072046. [PMID: 33918518 PMCID: PMC8038326 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26072046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Paracetamol/acetaminophen (APAP) is one of the most popular pharmacologically active substances used as an analgesic and antipyretic agent. The metabolism of this drug occurs in the liver and leads to the formation of two main metabolites-glucuronic acid and sulfate derivate. Despite the wide use of paracetamol in veterinary medicine, a handful of analytical methods were published for the determination of paracetamol residues in animal tissues. In this paper, a multimatrix method has been developed for the determination of paracetamol and two metabolites-paracetamol sulfate (PS) and p-Acetamidophenyl β-D-glucuronide (PG). A validation procedure was conducted to verify method reliability and fit purpose as a tool for analyzing acetaminophen and metabolites in muscle, liver, lung, and kidney samples from different species of animals. Established validation parameters were in agreement with acceptable criteria laid by the European legislation. The initial significant matrix effect was successfully reduced by implementing an internal standard-4-Acetamidophenyl β-D-glucuronide-d3 (PG-d3, IS). The usefulness of the developed method was verified by analyzing samples from an experiment in which paracetamol was administrated to geese.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Konrad Pietruk
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Veterinary Research Institute, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland; (M.G.-S.); (A.G.); (P.J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48 81-889-3169
| | - Małgorzata Gbylik-Sikorska
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Veterinary Research Institute, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland; (M.G.-S.); (A.G.); (P.J.)
| | - Beata Łebkowska-Wieruszewska
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Environmental Protection, University of Life Sciences, 20-950 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Anna Gajda
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Veterinary Research Institute, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland; (M.G.-S.); (A.G.); (P.J.)
| | - Mario Giorgi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, PhD School, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy;
| | - Irene Sartini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, PhD School, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy;
| | - Piotr Jedziniak
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Veterinary Research Institute, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland; (M.G.-S.); (A.G.); (P.J.)
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Extracorporeal Therapies in the Emergency Room and Intensive Care Unit. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2021; 50:1215-1236. [PMID: 32981594 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2020.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Extracorporeal treatments create opportunity for removing disease causing solutes within blood. Intoxications, renal failure, and immune-mediated diseases may be managed with these treatments, often providing new hope for patients with severe or refractory disease. Understanding solute pharmacokinetics and the limitations of each type of extracorporeal technique can allow for the selection of the optimal treatment modality.
Collapse
|
21
|
Schoos A, Chantziaras I, Vandenabeele J, Biebaut E, Meyer E, Cools A, Devreese M, Maes D. Prophylactic Use of Meloxicam and Paracetamol in Peripartal Sows Suffering From Postpartum Dysgalactia Syndrome. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:603719. [PMID: 33426024 PMCID: PMC7793981 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.603719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Postpartum dysgalactia syndrome (PPDS) is a major economic problem in modern sow farms. General treatment of PPDS consists of the use of oxytocin to promote milk ejection and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to alleviate inflammatory processes. So far, studies investigated the use of a single administration of NSAIDs after parturition in healthy and non-healthy sows. The current study investigated whether administration of meloxicam or paracetamol in sows prior to parturition improves sow and piglet health as well as performance in a farm with PPDS problems in sows. Sixty sows and 978 piglets from a Belgian farrow-to-finish farm were enrolled. Sows were randomly divided into three groups: a non-treated control group, a meloxicam-treated group and a paracetamol-treated group. Treatment was administered orally for 7 days from gestation day 113 onwards. Performance and health parameters investigated in sows were gestation length, farrowing duration, litter characteristics, colostrum yield and quality (Immunoglobulin G), litter weight gain, weaning-to-estrus interval, pregnancy rate, rectal temperature, acute phase proteins and inflammatory markers serum amyloid A, haptoglobin, interferon γ, interleukin 1β and 6 backfat, constipation and feed refusal. Performance and health parameters in piglets were birthweight, average daily weight gain, colostrum intake and mortality. Paracetamol-treated sows showed a significantly (P = 0.04) lower rectal temperature (mean ± SD: 38.09 ± 0.18°C) than the meloxicam-treated sows (38.24 ± 0.18°C), but not than the control group (38.22 ± 0.18°C). Sows of the paracetamol-treated group had a significantly (P = 0.001) longer gestation length (116.3 ± 0.9 days) than sows of the control group (115.3 ± 0.6 days), but not than meloxicam-treated sows (115.9 ± 0.9 days). No significant differences between the three groups were found for all the other parameters. In conclusion, the prophylactic oral administration of either meloxicam or paracetamol for 7 days starting 2 days prior to farrowing did not show beneficial effects on both health and performance parameters of sows and piglets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Schoos
- Unit of Porcine Health Management, Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Ilias Chantziaras
- Unit of Social Sciences, Fisheries and Food, Research Institute for Agriculture, Melle, Belgium
| | - Jordy Vandenabeele
- Unit of Porcine Health Management, Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Evelien Biebaut
- Unit of Porcine Health Management, Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Evelyne Meyer
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - An Cools
- Department of Nutrition, Genetics and Ethology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Mathias Devreese
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Dominiek Maes
- Unit of Porcine Health Management, Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Toda A, Shimizu M, Uehara S, Sasaki T, Miura T, Mogi M, Utoh M, Suemizu H, Yamazaki H. Plasma and hepatic concentrations of acetaminophen and its primary conjugates after oral administrations determined in experimental animals and humans and extrapolated by pharmacokinetic modeling. Xenobiotica 2020; 51:316-323. [PMID: 33179995 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2020.1849872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Plasma concentrations of acetaminophen, its glucuronide and sulfate conjugates, and cysteinyl acetaminophen were experimentally determined after oral administrations of 10 mg/kg in humanised-liver mice, control mice, rats, common marmosets, cynomolgus monkeys, and minipigs; the results were compared with reported human pharmacokinetic data. Among the animals tested, only rats predominantly converted acetaminophen to sulfate conjugates, rather than glucuronide conjugates. In contrast, the values of area under the plasma concentration curves of acetaminophen, its glucuronide and sulfate conjugates, and cysteinyl acetaminophen after oral administration of acetaminophen in marmosets and minipigs were consistent with those reported in humans under the present conditions. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models (consisting of the gut, liver, and central compartments) for acetaminophen and its primary metabolite could reproduce and estimate, respectively, the plasma and hepatic concentrations of acetaminophen in experimental animals and humans after single virtual oral doses. The values of area under the curves of hepatic concentrations of acetaminophen estimated using PBPK models were correlated with the measured levels of cysteinyl acetaminophen (a deactivated metabolite) in plasma fractions in these species. Consequently, using simple PBPK models and plasma data to predict hepatic chemical concentrations after oral doses could be helpful as an indicator of in vivo possible hepatotoxicity of chemicals such as acetaminophen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Toda
- Pharmacokinetics and Bioanalysis Center, Shin Nippon Biomedical Laboratories, Ltd., Wakayama , Japan
| | - Makiko Shimizu
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Shotaro Uehara
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University , Tokyo , Japan.,Laboratory Animal Research Department, Central Institute for Experimental Animals , Kawasaki , Japan
| | - Tatsuro Sasaki
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Tomonori Miura
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Masayuki Mogi
- Pharmacokinetics and Bioanalysis Center, Shin Nippon Biomedical Laboratories, Ltd., Wakayama , Japan.,Drug Safety Research Laboratories, Shin Nippon Biomedical Laboratories, Ltd., Kagoshima , Japan
| | - Masahiro Utoh
- Pharmacokinetics and Bioanalysis Center, Shin Nippon Biomedical Laboratories, Ltd., Wakayama , Japan.,Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University , Tokyo , Japan.,Scientific Affairs Division, Shin Nippon Biomedical Laboratories, Ltd., Tokyo , Japan
| | - Hiroshi Suemizu
- Laboratory Animal Research Department, Central Institute for Experimental Animals , Kawasaki , Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yamazaki
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University , Tokyo , Japan
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Sartini I, Łebkowska‐Wieruszewska B, Lisowski A, Poapolathep A, Cuniberti B, Giorgi M. Pharmacokinetics of acetaminophen after intravenous and oral administration in fasted and fed Labrador Retriever dogs. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2020; 44:28-35. [DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Irene Sartini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine University of Sassari Sassari Italy
| | | | - Andrzej Lisowski
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Biodiversity Conservation University of Life Sciences Lublin Poland
| | - Amnart Poapolathep
- Department of Pharmacology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Kasetsart University Bangkok Thailand
| | | | - Mario Giorgi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine University of Sassari Sassari Italy
- Department of Veterinary Sciences University of Pisa Pisa San Piero a Grado Italy
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Ishii H, Obara T, Kijima-Suda I. Investigation of plasma concentrations of paracetamol, metacetamol, and orthocetamol in Japanese racehorses using liquid chromatography-electrospray ionisation-tandem mass spectrometry. Drug Test Anal 2020; 12:929-937. [PMID: 32187884 DOI: 10.1002/dta.2792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Paracetamol is used widely as an over-the-counter analgesic and antipyretic medication for humans, but not for Japanese racehorses. Paracetamol can be an environmental substance, and is found together with its two isomers, metacetamol and orthocetamol, in equine urine. However, the sources and routes of paracetamol exposure remain unclear. To control the misuse of paracetamol, it is appropriate to establish residue limits for paracetamol to differentiate the administration of paracetamol from its environmental levels. In this study, we developed and validated a quantitative method for paracetamol, metacetamol, and orthocetamol in equine plasma using liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry and applied it to postrace samples from 320 Japanese racehorses for approximately 1 year. In addition, we conducted feed analysis and related pharmacokinetics simulations to evaluate the contributions from exposure via feed. The hydrolyzed plasma concentrations of paracetamol, metacetamol, and orthocetamol ranged from 0.787 to 39.8 ng/mL (median 5.87 ng/mL), 0 to 2.13 ng/mL (0.347 ng/mL), and 1.98 to 82.8 ng/mL (16.6 ng/mL), respectively. Such low concentrations of paracetamol were deemed irrelevant to therapeutic effect. Based on statistical analysis, the preliminary Japanese residue limits of unhydrolyzed and hydrolyzed paracetamol were determined to be 70.5 ng/mL and 112 ng/mL, respectively, in plasma, at a risk factor of 1 in 10,000. Furthermore, we detected paracetamol and orthocetamol in feed samples. A pharmacokinetics simulation showed that the presence of orthocetamol is most probably related to daily feed rations. As for paracetamol, feed can be one of the sources and other possible sources require further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hideaki Ishii
- Laboratory of Racing Chemistry, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, Japan.,Tohoku University Hospital, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Taku Obara
- Tohoku University Hospital, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Clinical evaluation of postoperative analgesia, cardiorespiratory parameters and changes in liver and renal function tests of paracetamol compared to meloxicam and carprofen in dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0223697. [PMID: 32059002 PMCID: PMC7021320 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In veterinary medicine, the administration of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory analgesics (NSAIDs) for the control of postsurgical pain in dogs and cats is common given the anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic effects of these drugs. This study compared the serum biochemical changes and postoperative analgesic effects of paracetamol, meloxicam, and carprofen in bitches submitted to an ovariohysterectomy using the Dynamic Interactive Visual Analog Scale (DIVAS) and Pain Scale of the University of Melbourne (UMPS) scoring systems. Methods Thirty bitches of different breeds underwent elective ovariohysterectomies and were randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups: a paracetamol group [15 mg kg-1 intravenous (IV)], a carprofen group (4 mg kg-1 IV), and a meloxicam group (0.2 mg kg-1 IV). All treatments were administered 30 minutes prior to surgery. Paracetamol was administered every 8 hours postoperatively for 48 hours total, while carprofen and meloxicam were intravenously administered every 24 hours. An evaluation of post-surgical pain was done with the DIVAS and the UMPS. The first post-surgical pain measurement was performed 1 hour after surgery and then 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 36, and 48 hours after surgery. Results All groups exhibited a gradual reduction in pain throughout the postoperative period in both scales; however, neither scale significantly differed between the three treatment groups (P > 0.05) during the 48 postoperative hours. Conclusions Paracetamol was as effective as meloxicam and carprofen for post-surgical analgesia in bitches subjected to elective ovariohysterectomy. The present study demonstrates that paracetamol may be considered a tool for the effective treatment of acute perioperative pain in dogs. Furthermore, this drug led to no adverse reactions or changes in the parameters assessed in the present study, indicating its safety.
Collapse
|
26
|
Bowen IM, Redpath A, Dugdale A, Burford JH, Lloyd D, Watson T, Hallowell GD. BEVA primary care clinical guidelines: Analgesia. Equine Vet J 2020; 52:13-27. [PMID: 31657050 DOI: 10.1111/evj.13198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Primary care guidelines provide a reference point to guide clinicians based on a systematic review of the literature, contextualised by expert clinical opinion. These guidelines develop a modification of the GRADE framework for assessment of research evidence (vetGRADE) and applied this to a range of clinical scenarios regarding use of analgesic agents. Key guidelines produced by the panel included recommendations that horses undergoing routine castration should receive intratesticular local anaesthesia irrespective of methods adopted and that horses should receive NSAIDs prior to surgery (overall certainty levels high). Butorphanol and buprenorphine should not be considered appropriate as sole analgesic for such procedures (high certainty). The panel recommend the continuation of analgesia for 3 days following castration (moderate certainty) and conclude that phenylbutazone provided superior analgesia to meloxicam and firocoxib for hoof pain/laminitis (moderate certainty), but that enhanced efficacy has not been demonstrated for joint pain. In horses with colic, flunixin and firocoxib are considered to provide more effective analgesia than meloxicam or phenylbutazone (moderate certainty). Given the risk of adverse events of all classes of analgesic, these agents should be used only under the control of a veterinary surgeon who has fully evaluated a horse and developed a therapeutic, analgesic plan that includes ongoing monitoring for such adverse events such as the development of right dorsal colitis with all classes of NSAID and spontaneous locomotor activity and potentially ileus with opiates. Finally, the panel call for the development of a single properly validated composite pain score for horses to allow accurate comparisons between medications in a robust manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I M Bowen
- Oakham Veterinary Hospital/University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, Loughborough, UK
| | - A Redpath
- Oakham Veterinary Hospital/University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, Loughborough, UK
| | - A Dugdale
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, Loughborough, UK
| | - J H Burford
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, Loughborough, UK
| | - D Lloyd
- ChesterGates Veterinary Specialists, Chester, UK
| | - T Watson
- Waterlane Equine Vets, Stroud, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
de Laat MA, Sillence MN. A review of recent developments in the pharmacological prevention and treatment of endocrinopathic laminitis. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1071/an19491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Despite the prevalence of endocrinopathic laminitis, the pharmacologic options for preventing and treating the disease are severely limited. The present review aims to discuss the spectrum of potential therapeutic agents for the condition, ranging from early experimental compounds to agents nearing registration. There are different pharmacologic targets for, and approaches to, managing laminitis. Reducing hyperinsulinaemia is central to diminishing endocrinopathic laminitis risk, and a detailed understanding of the pathophysiology of insulin dysregulation is necessary to identify pathways that can be targeted to minimise post-prandial insulin secretion and action. This area of research is advancing rapidly, with several exciting prospects, such as sodium-dependent glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors, on the horizon for the treatment of equine metabolic dysfunction. Drugs that directly target the lamellae and aim to reduce the damage inflicted on the lamellae as part of this condition, are not yet available. Although progress in this area of laminitis therapy is slower, improved understanding of the events that lead to lamellar failure has enabled the investigation of novel drugs that aim to prevent laminitis at the site of the lesion. Finally, a brief review is included of the directions being taken in the management of the chronic and acute pain that accompanies laminitis. Medications for relieving the pain associated with laminitis are currently the most-prescribed drugs for the disease, and range from simple, affordable and thoroughly tested options, such as phenylbutazone, to newer, less-understood applications such as paracetamol and gabapentin. In the future, endocrinopathic laminitis management plans will likely take a multi-faceted approach that still hinge on effective dietary management and exercise, but also include drugs that address foot pathology, pain and underlying endocrine disturbances.
Collapse
|
28
|
Porat D, Markovic M, Zur M, Fine-Shamir N, Azran C, Shaked G, Czeiger D, Vaynshtein J, Replyanski I, Sebbag G, Dahan A. Increased Paracetamol Bioavailability after Sleeve Gastrectomy: A Crossover Pre- vs. Post-Operative Clinical Trial. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8111949. [PMID: 31726725 PMCID: PMC6912358 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8111949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral drug bioavailability may be significantly altered after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG), the most popular bariatric procedure worldwide. Paracetamol (acetaminophen) is the post-bariatric analgesic/antipyretic drug of choice. In this work we studied and analyzed the LSG effects on systemic bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of paracetamol after oral administration of solid vs. liquid dosage form. A 4-armed, pharmacokinetic, crossover trial was performed in patients enrolled for LSG. Single paracetamol dose (500 mg), as caplet (n = 7) or syrup (n = 5), was administered before vs. 4–6 months post-LSG. Bioavailability was enhanced after LSG; in the caplet groups, average AUC0–t increased from 9.1 to 18.6 µg·h/mL with AUC0–t difference of 9.5 µg·h/mL (95% CI 4.6–14.5, p = 0.003). Cmax increased from 1.8 (95% CI 1.2–2.5) to 4.2 µg/mL (3.6–4.8) after LSG (p = 0.032). In the syrup groups, AUC0–t increased from 13.4 to 25.6 µg·h/mL, with AUC0–t difference of 12.2 µg·h/mL (95% CI 0.9–23.5, p = 0.049). Cmax changed from 5.4 (95% CI 2.5–8.4) to 7.8 µg/mL (6.1–9.6), and systemic bioavailability was complete (102%) after the surgery. Overall, decreased paracetamol exposure in obesity, with recovery to normal drug levels (caplet) or even higher (syrup) post-LSG, was revealed. In conclusion, attention to paracetamol effectiveness/safety in obesity, and after bariatric surgery, is prudent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Porat
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Milica Markovic
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Moran Zur
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Noa Fine-Shamir
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Carmil Azran
- Clinical Pharmacy, Herzliya Medical Center, Herzliya 46140, Israel
| | - Gad Shaked
- Department of Surgery B, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer Sheva 84101, Israel
| | - David Czeiger
- Department of Surgery B, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer Sheva 84101, Israel
| | - Julie Vaynshtein
- Department of Surgery B, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer Sheva 84101, Israel
| | - Ilya Replyanski
- Department of Surgery B, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer Sheva 84101, Israel
| | - Gilbert Sebbag
- Department of Surgery B, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer Sheva 84101, Israel
| | - Arik Dahan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Van Wijk RC, Krekels EHJ, Kantae V, Ordas A, Kreling T, Harms AC, Hankemeier T, Spaink HP, van der Graaf PH. Mechanistic and Quantitative Understanding of Pharmacokinetics in Zebrafish Larvae through Nanoscale Blood Sampling and Metabolite Modeling of Paracetamol. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2019; 371:15-24. [PMID: 31371482 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.119.260299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Zebrafish larvae are increasingly used for pharmacological research, but internal drug exposure is often not measured. Understanding pharmacokinetics is necessary for reliable translation of pharmacological results to higher vertebrates, including humans. Quantification of drug clearance and distribution requires measurements of blood concentrations. Additionally, measuring drug metabolites is of importance to understand clearance in this model organism mechanistically. We therefore mechanistically studied and quantified pharmacokinetics in zebrafish larvae, and compared this to higher vertebrates, using paracetamol (acetaminophen) as a paradigm compound. A method was developed to sample blood from zebrafish larvae 5 days post fertilization. Blood concentrations of paracetamol and its major metabolites, paracetamol-glucuronide and paracetamol-sulfate, were measured. Blood concentration data were combined with measured amounts in larval homogenates and excreted amounts and simultaneously analyzed through nonlinear mixed-effects modeling, quantifying absolute clearance and distribution volume. Blood sampling from zebrafish larvae was most successful from the posterior cardinal vein, with a median volume (interquartile range) of 1.12 nl (0.676-1.66 nl) per blood sample. Samples were pooled (n = 15-35) to reach measurable levels. Paracetamol blood concentrations at steady state were only 10% of the external paracetamol concentration. Paracetamol-sulfate was the major metabolite, and its formation was quantified using a time-dependent metabolic formation rate. Absolute clearance and distribution volume correlated well with reported values in higher vertebrates, including humans. Based on blood concentrations and advanced data analysis, the mechanistic and quantitative understanding of paracetamol pharmacokinetics in zebrafish larvae has been established. This will improve the translational value of this vertebrate model organism in drug discovery and development. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: In early phases of drug development, new compounds are increasingly screened in zebrafish larvae, but the internal drug exposure is often not taken into consideration. We developed innovative experimental and computational methods, including a blood-sampling technique, to measure the paradigm drug paracetamol (acetaminophen) and its major metabolites and quantify pharmacokinetics (absorption, distribution, elimination) in zebrafish larvae of 5 days post fertilization with a total volume of only 300 nl. These parameter values were scaled to higher vertebrates, including humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rob C Van Wijk
- Systems Biomedicine and Pharmacology, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (R.C.v.W., E.H.J.K., V.K., T.K., A.C.H., T.H., P.H.v.d.G.) and Animal Sciences and Health, Institute of Biology Leiden (A.O., H.P.S.), Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands; and Certara QSP, Canterbury, United Kingdom (P.H.v.d.G.)
| | - Elke H J Krekels
- Systems Biomedicine and Pharmacology, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (R.C.v.W., E.H.J.K., V.K., T.K., A.C.H., T.H., P.H.v.d.G.) and Animal Sciences and Health, Institute of Biology Leiden (A.O., H.P.S.), Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands; and Certara QSP, Canterbury, United Kingdom (P.H.v.d.G.)
| | - Vasudev Kantae
- Systems Biomedicine and Pharmacology, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (R.C.v.W., E.H.J.K., V.K., T.K., A.C.H., T.H., P.H.v.d.G.) and Animal Sciences and Health, Institute of Biology Leiden (A.O., H.P.S.), Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands; and Certara QSP, Canterbury, United Kingdom (P.H.v.d.G.)
| | - Anita Ordas
- Systems Biomedicine and Pharmacology, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (R.C.v.W., E.H.J.K., V.K., T.K., A.C.H., T.H., P.H.v.d.G.) and Animal Sciences and Health, Institute of Biology Leiden (A.O., H.P.S.), Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands; and Certara QSP, Canterbury, United Kingdom (P.H.v.d.G.)
| | - Thijs Kreling
- Systems Biomedicine and Pharmacology, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (R.C.v.W., E.H.J.K., V.K., T.K., A.C.H., T.H., P.H.v.d.G.) and Animal Sciences and Health, Institute of Biology Leiden (A.O., H.P.S.), Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands; and Certara QSP, Canterbury, United Kingdom (P.H.v.d.G.)
| | - Amy C Harms
- Systems Biomedicine and Pharmacology, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (R.C.v.W., E.H.J.K., V.K., T.K., A.C.H., T.H., P.H.v.d.G.) and Animal Sciences and Health, Institute of Biology Leiden (A.O., H.P.S.), Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands; and Certara QSP, Canterbury, United Kingdom (P.H.v.d.G.)
| | - Thomas Hankemeier
- Systems Biomedicine and Pharmacology, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (R.C.v.W., E.H.J.K., V.K., T.K., A.C.H., T.H., P.H.v.d.G.) and Animal Sciences and Health, Institute of Biology Leiden (A.O., H.P.S.), Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands; and Certara QSP, Canterbury, United Kingdom (P.H.v.d.G.)
| | - Herman P Spaink
- Systems Biomedicine and Pharmacology, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (R.C.v.W., E.H.J.K., V.K., T.K., A.C.H., T.H., P.H.v.d.G.) and Animal Sciences and Health, Institute of Biology Leiden (A.O., H.P.S.), Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands; and Certara QSP, Canterbury, United Kingdom (P.H.v.d.G.)
| | - Piet H van der Graaf
- Systems Biomedicine and Pharmacology, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (R.C.v.W., E.H.J.K., V.K., T.K., A.C.H., T.H., P.H.v.d.G.) and Animal Sciences and Health, Institute of Biology Leiden (A.O., H.P.S.), Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands; and Certara QSP, Canterbury, United Kingdom (P.H.v.d.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Laying hen’s mobility is impaired by keel bone fractures and does not improve with paracetamol treatment. Appl Anim Behav Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.applanim.2019.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
|
31
|
Affiliation(s)
- J. P. A. M. Loon
- Department of Equine Sciences Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Utrecht University Utrecht The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Schoos A, Devreese M, Maes DG. Use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in porcine health management. Vet Rec 2019; 185:172. [PMID: 31040220 DOI: 10.1136/vr.105170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Treatment of inflammation and pain management is an important topic in the welfare of pigs. It is very difficult for veterinary practitioners to choose the most appropriate product for a certain problem. This review aims to summarise and discuss the characteristics of different non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), as well as paracetamol and metamizole, available for pigs in the European Union. METHODS The databases Pubmed, Google Scholar, CliniPharm CliniTox and European Medicines Agency were searched. Relevant terms (eg,'meloxicam', 'fever', 'swine', 'pig', 'inflammation', 'castration', 'pain') were used to search for original articles, reviews and books. Only peer-reviewed articles were used. References from studies were also analysed in order to find additional relevant studies. CONCLUSION Studies which have investigated the efficacy of NSAIDs for different conditions, using different treatment regimens, are scarce. Most studies focused on the efficacy of NSAID-related pain alleviation in piglet castration, as well as the anti-inflammatory potential of NSAIDs in experimental inflammation models. Little research has been carried out on the use of metamizole, tolfenamic acid, paracetamol and sodium salicylate and their effect in pigs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Schoos
- Ghent University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Mathias Devreese
- Ghent University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Dominiek Gd Maes
- Ghent University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Merelbeke, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Mercer MA, McKenzie HC, Davis JL, Wilson KE, Hodgson DR, Cecere TE, McIntosh BJ. Pharmacokinetics and safety of repeated oral dosing of acetaminophen in adult horses. Equine Vet J 2019; 52:120-125. [PMID: 30900298 DOI: 10.1111/evj.13112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are no published studies on the pharmacokinetics of acetaminophen at the dosage used clinically (20 mg/kg), nor has the safety of multiple doses in horses been investigated. OBJECTIVE Define the pharmacokinetic parameters of oral acetaminophen at 20 mg/kg in adult horses as a single dose, and twice daily for 14 days to assess the safety of multiple dosing. STUDY DESIGN Pharmacokinetic study, multiple dose safety study. METHODS Eight healthy Thoroughbred geldings were given acetaminophen (20 mg/kg; 500 mg tablets) orally as a single dose followed by doses every 12 h for 14 days. Serial blood samples were collected for determination of plasma acetaminophen concentrations using high performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. Serum biochemical analysis, gastroscopy and liver biopsy were examined during the safety study. RESULTS Following a single dose, mean maximum concentration (Cmax ) was 16.61 μg/mL at 1.35 h (Tmax ), and drug concentration was below the lower limit of detection in most horses by 24 h. Elimination half-life (T1/2 ) was 2.78 h. No significant accumulation was noted following multiple doses. Average Cmax of acetaminophen following multiple oral dosing was 15.85 μg/mL, with a Tmax of 0.99 h and T1/2 of 4 h. Serum activities of sorbitol dehydrogenase were significantly decreased and total bilirubin concentrations were significantly increased following the last dose. No statistically significant changes were noted in gastroscopy scores. MAIN LIMITATIONS Only one dose level (20 mg/kg) was studied, sample size was small and only a single breed and sex was used, with no pretreatment liver biopsies. CONCLUSION This study described the pharmacokinetics of acetaminophen following single and multiple 20 mg/kg oral doses in adult horses and demonstrated the safety of acetaminophen with multiple oral dosing over 14 days. The summary is available in Portuguese - see Supporting information.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M A Mercer
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - H C McKenzie
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - J L Davis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - K E Wilson
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - D R Hodgson
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - T E Cecere
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - B J McIntosh
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Comparative pharmacokinetics and a clinical laboratory evaluation of intravenous acetaminophen in Beagle and Galgo Español dogs. Vet Anaesth Analg 2019; 46:226-235. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaa.2018.09.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
35
|
Taylor PM, Senior M. Update in advances in pain management for the equine practitioner. EQUINE VET EDUC 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.13009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. M. Taylor
- Taylor Monroe Gravel Head Farm Little Downham Ely CambridgeshireUK
| | - M. Senior
- University of Liverpool Neston Cheshire UK
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Henze LJ, Griffin BT, Christiansen M, Bundgaard C, Langguth P, Holm R. Exploring gastric emptying rate in minipigs: Effect of food type and pre-dosing of metoclopramide. Eur J Pharm Sci 2018; 118:183-190. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2018.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|
37
|
Abstract
Pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) publications provide scientific evidence for incorporation in evidence-based veterinary medicine, aiding the clinician in selecting doses and dosing intervals. PK and PD studies have reported wide variations within exotic species, due to physiologic differences in absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion. PK studies offer species-specific data to help tailor doses and dosing routes to individual patients, minimize toxicity, and provide a cornerstone for PD studies to determine drug efficacy. This article reviews the application of PK parameters and the challenges in determining the PD activity of drugs, with a particular emphasis on exotic species.
Collapse
|
38
|
Suenderhauf C, Tuffin G, Lorentsen H, Grimm HP, Flament C, Parrott N. Pharmacokinetics of Paracetamol in Göttingen Minipigs: In Vivo Studies and Modeling to Elucidate Physiological Determinants of Absorption. Pharm Res 2014; 31:2696-707. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-014-1367-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
39
|
KuKanich B. Outpatient Oral Analgesics in Dogs and Cats Beyond Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2013; 43:1109-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2013.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
40
|
Ding Y, Peng M, Zhang T, Tao JS, Cai ZZ, Zhang Y. Quantification of conjugated metabolites of drugs in biological matrices after the hydrolysis withβ-glucuronidase and sufatase: a review of bio-analytical methods. Biomed Chromatogr 2013; 27:1280-95. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.2912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Revised: 03/03/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Ding
- Experiment Center for Teaching and Learning; Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Shanghai; 201203; People's Republic of China
| | | | - Tong Zhang
- Experiment Center for Teaching and Learning; Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Shanghai; 201203; People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Sheng Tao
- School of Pharmacy; Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Shanghai; 201203; People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen-Zhen Cai
- Experiment Center for Teaching and Learning; Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Shanghai; 201203; People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Experiment Center for Teaching and Learning; Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Shanghai; 201203; People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Qiu Y, Cao F, Xu J, Ma H, Zhang J, Liu Y. Effect of N
-acetylcysteine on pharmacokinetics of acetaminophen in piglets. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2013; 36:507-10. [DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2012] [Accepted: 01/09/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Y. Qiu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science; School of Animal Science and Nutritional Engineering; Wuhan Polytechnic University; Wuhan China
| | - F. Cao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science; School of Animal Science and Nutritional Engineering; Wuhan Polytechnic University; Wuhan China
| | - J. Xu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science; School of Animal Science and Nutritional Engineering; Wuhan Polytechnic University; Wuhan China
| | - H. Ma
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science; School of Animal Science and Nutritional Engineering; Wuhan Polytechnic University; Wuhan China
| | - J. Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science; School of Animal Science and Nutritional Engineering; Wuhan Polytechnic University; Wuhan China
| | - Y. Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science; School of Animal Science and Nutritional Engineering; Wuhan Polytechnic University; Wuhan China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism of Toltrazuil and Its Major Metabolites after Oral Administration in Broilers. J Poult Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.2141/jpsa.0120050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
|
43
|
An JH, Lee HJ, Jung BH. Quantitative analysis of acetaminophen and its six metabolites in rat plasma using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Biomed Chromatogr 2012; 26:1596-604. [PMID: 22674624 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.2737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2011] [Revised: 02/23/2012] [Accepted: 02/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP) is a widely used analgesic and antipyretic drug. It is mainly metabolized by phase 1 and 2 reactions in the liver, and thus it could be involved in many drug-drug interactions. Therefore, the study of APAP metabolism is important in toxicological and pharmacokinetic studies. The objective of this study was to develop a rapid and sensitive method for the determination of APAP and its six metabolites in rat plasma for the pharmacokinetic studies. APAP and its metabolites were separated through a Capcell Pak MGII C(18) column and quantitated with a 16 min run in a triple-quadruple mass spectrometer. The mobile phases were composed of 0.1% formic acid in either 95% water or 95% acetonitrile and analysis was performed twice in positive and negative modes. Validations such as accuracy, precision, recovery, matrix effect and stability were found to be within acceptance criteria of validation guidelines, indicating that the assay was applicable to the determination of the plasma concentrations of drug and its six metabolites. In conclusion, we developed an LC-MS/MS method for the quantitative analysis of APAP and its six metabolites in rat plasma, and this method appears to be useful for pharmacokinetic/toxicokinetic studies of APAP and its metabolites in rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hye An
- Molecular Recognition Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Chiang PC, Ran Y, Chou KJ, Cui Y, Sambrone A, Chan C, Hart R. Evaluation of drug load and polymer by using a 96-well plate vacuum dry system for amorphous solid dispersion drug delivery. AAPS PharmSciTech 2012; 13:713-22. [PMID: 22562615 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-012-9795-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2012] [Accepted: 04/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well recognized that poor dissolution rate and solubility of drug candidates are key limiting factors for oral bioavailability. While numerous technologies have been developed to enhance solubility of the drug candidates, poor water solubility continuously remains a challenge for drug delivery. Among those technologies, amorphous solid dispersions (SD) have been successfully employed to enhance both dissolution rate and solubility of poorly water-soluble drugs. This research reports a high-throughput screening technology developed by utilizing a 96-well plate system to identify optimal drug load and polymer using a solvent casting approach. A minimal amount of drug was required to evaluate optimal drug load in three different polymers with respect to solubility improvement and solid-state stability of the amorphous drug-polymer system. Validation of this method was demonstrated with three marketed drugs as well as with one internal compound. Scale up of the internal compound SD by spray drying further confirmed the validity of this method, and its quality was comparable to a larger scale process. Here, we demonstrate that our system is highly efficient, cost-effective, and robust to evaluate the feasibility of spray drying technology to produce amorphous solid dispersions.
Collapse
|
45
|
Liu AL, Wang K, Chen W, Gao F, Cai YS, Lin XH, Chen YZ, Xia XH. Simultaneous and sensitive voltammetric determination of acetaminophen and its degradation product for pharmaceutical quality control and pharmacokinetic research by using ultrathin poly (calconcarboxylic acid) film modified glassy carbon electrode. Electrochim Acta 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2011.12.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
|
46
|
Grabowski T, Jaroszewski JJ, Gad SC, Feder M. Correlation between in silico physicochemical characteristics of drugs and their mean residence time in human and dog. Int J Toxicol 2012; 31:25-33. [PMID: 22215410 DOI: 10.1177/1091581811429865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The correlation between 52 physicochemical parameters and mean residence time (MRT) for 27 drugs used in human and dog were investigated. The physicochemical parameter values calculated provided a basis for deriving a series of arithmetic expressions, which were used to build a mathematical model describing the relationship between them and the MRT values. From the entire set of analyzed parameters, a subset of 14 was identified that contributed to the derivation of an arithmetic expression: Log(PSA - WPSA + ACID) x [XlogP - (LogKp - EAxLn(Caco2 + AMINE + SAF))] + (AMIDE + IP - FG) - Ln(MW + PISA) the value of which is highly correlated with the MRT value in dogs (P < .001) and allowed prediction of the MRT predicted (MRT(pred)). In humans, no correlation was found that allowed the calculation of MRT(pred). These results indicate that predicting the pharmacokinetics of any specific drug for humans based on pharmacokinetic data obtained in the dog should be undertaken with knowledge of the inherent limitations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Grabowski
- Centre of Pharmacokinetics Research FILAB, Ravimed, Polna 54, 05-119 Łajski, Poland.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
West E, Bardell D, Morgan R, Senior M. Use of acetaminophen (paracetamol) as a short-term adjunctive analgesic in a laminitic pony. Vet Anaesth Analg 2011; 38:521-2. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-2995.2011.00639.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
48
|
Neirinckx E, Vervaet C, Michiels J, De Smet S, Van den Broeck W, Remon JP, De Backer P, Croubels S. Feasibility of the Ussing chamber technique for the determination of in vitro jejunal permeability of passively absorbed compounds in different animal species. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2011; 34:290-7. [PMID: 21492193 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2885.2010.01218.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of the Ussing chamber technique for the determination of the jejunal permeability of passively absorbed, high permeability model compounds (acetaminophen and ketoprofen) in different animal species. Additionally, electrophysiological measurements and histological examination of pre- and post-incubation tissue specimens were performed. Apparent permeability coefficients of turkey and dog jejunum were low and highly variable due to tissue fragility caused by differences in thickness of the remaining intestinal layers after stripping and resulting in severe damage. Pig and horse jejunum were markedly more suitable for permeability determinations and mild signs of deterioration were noticed after 120 min of incubation. Transepithelial electrical resistance and potential difference did not correlate well with the observed tissue damage. From these data, the Ussing chamber technique appears to allow for permeability measurements within a species, but seems unsuitable for interspecies permeability comparison. However, further validation of the method with low permeability compounds and actively transported compounds is needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Neirinckx
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Approaches for the rapid identification of drug metabolites in early clinical studies. Bioanalysis 2011; 3:197-213. [DOI: 10.4155/bio.10.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the metabolism of a novel drug candidate in drug discovery and drug development is as important today as it was 30 years ago. What has changed in this period is the technology available for proficient metabolite characterization from complex biological sources. High-efficiency chromatography, sensitive MS and information-rich NMR spectroscopy are approaches that are now commonplace in the modern laboratory. These advancements in analytical technology have led to unequivocal metabolite identification often being performed at the earliest opportunity, following the first dose to man. For this reason an alternative approach is to shift from predicting and extrapolating possible human metabolism from in silico and nonclinical sources, to actual characterization at steady state within early clinical trials. This review provides an overview of modern approaches for characterizing drug metabolites in these early clinical studies. Since much of this progress has come from technology development over the years, the review is concluded with a forward-looking perspective on how this progression may continue into the next decade.
Collapse
|