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Challman KN, Rosell DR, Barch D, Koenigsberg HW, Harvey PD, Hazlett EA, Perez-Rodriguez MM, New AS, McClure MM. The MATRICS consensus cognitive battery for the assessment of cognitive impairment in schizotypal personality disorder. Schizophr Res 2024; 267:308-312. [PMID: 38608417 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2024.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Cognitive deficits are a core impairment across the range of schizophrenia (SZ) spectrum disorders, including schizotypal personality disorder (SPD). The MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB) was developed to be a robust, specific, and valid cognitive assessment battery to assess cognition in clinical trials for treating cognitive impairments in SZ. Despite the similarity of cognitive impairments shown in SPD and SZ and the clear relevance of uniform assessment across a diagnostic spectrum, the MCCB has yet to be validated in SPD. As such, this is the first study to evaluate the sensitivity of the MCCB for the assessment of cognitive function in individuals with SPD. Participants were 30 individuals with SPD and 54 healthy controls (HC) assessed with the MCCB and supplemental neurocognitive assessments (Trails B, DOT test, Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT), AX Continuous Performance Task (AX-CPT), and N-back). Individuals with SPD performed worse than HC participants on all MCCB subtests, as well as on converging supplemental tasks including Trails B, DOT test, PASAT, AX-CPT, and N-back. These results indicate that the MCCB was sensitive to cognitive impairment in SPD compared to controls. SPD participants demonstrate impairments similar to data of SZ participants within the literature, although to a slightly lesser degree of severity. Taken together, these results highlight the generalizability of using the MCCB across SZ spectrum diagnostic groups to assess cognition. Such findings allow for further comparison across disorders, greater understanding of the cognitive characteristics in the spectrum, and use of uniform assessment within cognitive intervention research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katelyn N Challman
- Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC VISN 2), James J. Peters VA Medical Center, 130 W. Kingsbridge Road, Bronx, NY 10468, United States of America; Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, United States of America
| | - Daniel R Rosell
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, United States of America
| | - Deanna Barch
- Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive St. Louis, MO 63130, United States of America
| | - Harold W Koenigsberg
- Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC VISN 2), James J. Peters VA Medical Center, 130 W. Kingsbridge Road, Bronx, NY 10468, United States of America; Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, United States of America
| | - Philip D Harvey
- University of Miami Health System, 1120 NW 14th St, Miami, FL 33136, United States of America
| | - Erin A Hazlett
- Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC VISN 2), James J. Peters VA Medical Center, 130 W. Kingsbridge Road, Bronx, NY 10468, United States of America; Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, United States of America
| | - M Mercedes Perez-Rodriguez
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, United States of America
| | - Antonia S New
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, United States of America
| | - Margaret McNamara McClure
- Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC VISN 2), James J. Peters VA Medical Center, 130 W. Kingsbridge Road, Bronx, NY 10468, United States of America; Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, United States of America; Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Fairfield University, 1073 North Benson Road Fairfield, CT 06824, United States of America.
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2
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Menjivar Quijano SA, Ryczek CA, Horne MR. The effect of schizotypy on spatial learning in an environment with a distinctive shape. Front Psychol 2022; 13:929653. [PMID: 35967704 PMCID: PMC9373985 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.929653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In two experiments, participants completed the Oxford-Liverpool Inventory of Feelings and Experiences measuring schizotypal traits across four dimensions (unusual experiences, cognitive disorganization, introvertive anhedonia, and impulsive non-conformity). They then took part in a virtual navigation task where they were required to learn about the position of a hidden goal with reference to geometric cues of a rectangular arena or rely on colored wall panels to find the hidden goal in a square-shaped arena. Unusual experience and cognitive disorganization were significant predictors of the use of geometric cues, but no significant predictors were found for the use of wall panels. Implications to hippocampal function and the clinical domain are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cameron A. Ryczek
- Department of Psychology, California State University, San Bernardino, San Bernardino, CA, United States
| | - Murray R. Horne
- Department of Psychology, California State University, East Bay, Hayward, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Murray R. Horne,
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3
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Szeszko PR, Gohel S, Vaccaro DH, Chu KW, Tang CY, Goldstein KE, New AS, Siever LJ, McClure M, Perez-Rodriguez MM, Haznedar MM, Byne W, Hazlett EA. Frontotemporal thalamic connectivity in schizophrenia and schizotypal personality disorder. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2022; 322:111463. [PMID: 35240516 PMCID: PMC9018622 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2022.111463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Schizotypal personality disorder (SPD) resembles schizophrenia, but with attenuated brain abnormalities and the absence of psychosis. The thalamus is integral for processing and transmitting information across cortical regions and widely implicated in the neurobiology of schizophrenia. Comparing thalamic connectivity in SPD and schizophrenia could reveal an intermediate schizophrenia-spectrum phenotype to elucidate neurobiological risk and protective factors in psychosis. We used rsfMRI to investigate functional connectivity between the mediodorsal nucleus (MDN) and pulvinar, and their connectivity with frontal and temporal cortical regions, respectively in 43 healthy controls (HCs), and individuals in the schizophrenia-spectrum including 45 psychotropic drug-free individuals with SPD, and 20 individuals with schizophrenia-related disorders [(schizophrenia (n = 10), schizoaffective disorder (n = 8), schizophreniform disorder (n = 1) and psychosis NOS (n = 1)]. Individuals with SPD had greater functional connectivity between the MDN and pulvinar compared to individuals with schizophrenia. Thalamo-frontal (i.e., between the MDN and rostral middle frontal cortex) connectivity was comparable in SPD and HCs; in SPD greater connectivity was associated with less symptom severity. Individuals with schizophrenia had less thalamo-frontal connectivity and thalamo-temporal (i.e., pulvinar to the transverse temporal cortex) connectivity compared with HCs. Thalamo-frontal functional connectivity may be comparable in SPD and HCs, but abnormal in schizophrenia, and that this may be protective against psychosis in SPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip R Szeszko
- Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 130 West Kingsbridge Road, Bronx, NY 10468, USA; Mental Health Patient Care Center, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Suril Gohel
- Department of Health Informatics, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Daniel H Vaccaro
- Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 130 West Kingsbridge Road, Bronx, NY 10468, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - King-Wai Chu
- Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 130 West Kingsbridge Road, Bronx, NY 10468, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Cheuk Y Tang
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kim E Goldstein
- Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 130 West Kingsbridge Road, Bronx, NY 10468, USA
| | - Antonia S New
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Larry J Siever
- Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 130 West Kingsbridge Road, Bronx, NY 10468, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Margaret McClure
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Psychology, Fairfield University, Fairfield, CT, USA
| | | | - M Mehmet Haznedar
- Mental Health Patient Care Center, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - William Byne
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Erin A Hazlett
- Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 130 West Kingsbridge Road, Bronx, NY 10468, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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Walter EE, Fernandez F, Barkus E. Not all stress is created equal: Acute, not ambient stress, impairs learning in high schizotypes. Psych J 2021; 11:179-193. [PMID: 33915603 DOI: 10.1002/pchj.452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Learning from feedback is essential for daily functioning, with factors that impact learning having implications for healthy and clinical populations. Reinforcement learning appears impaired across the psychosis continuum, with deficits reported in patients with psychotic disorders as well as high schizotypes from the general population. Stress can impair learning, and sensitivity to stress is present along the psychosis continuum. The aim of the present study was to understand if stress impairs reinforcement learning in those at the lower end of the psychosis continuum. We investigated both naturalistic stress in everyday life using daily hassles (Study 1: n = 70; 31% male, M age = 22.67 years) and acute psychosocial stress using the Trier Social Stress Test (Study 2: n = 57; 32% male, M age = 22.43 years). In the presence of naturalistic stress, learning did not differ across schizotypes. However, under acute psychosocial stress, high schizotypes experienced impaired learning. Our results suggest trail-and-error learning is robust to the ebbs and flows of everyday stress for high schizotypes; however, acute stress is associated with decrements in learning. This indicates that the magnitude of stressors should be considered when designing cognitive and functional interventions for those along the psychosis continuum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma E Walter
- School of Psychology, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Francesca Fernandez
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Emma Barkus
- School of Psychology, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
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Koudys JW, Traynor JM, Rodrigo AH, Carcone D, Ruocco AC. The NIMH Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) Initiative and Its Implications for Research on Personality Disorder. Curr Psychiatry Rep 2019; 21:37. [PMID: 31030293 DOI: 10.1007/s11920-019-1023-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW We discuss the implications of the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) initiative for neuroscience research on personality disorder (PD). To organize our review, we construct a preliminary conceptual mapping of PD symptom criteria onto RDoC constructs. We then highlight recent neuroscience research, often built around concepts that correspond to RDoC elements, and discuss the findings in reference to the constructs we consider most pertinent to PD. RECENT FINDINGS PD symptoms were strongly conceptually tied to RDoC constructs within the Social Processes domain, implicating brain systems involved in interpersonal rejection, facial emotion perception, and self-referential processes. Negative and Positive Valence Systems were conceptually associated with many PD symptoms, with particular relevance ascribed to the latter's Reward Valuation construct, which could reflect a more widespread disruption of computational processes involved in estimating the probability and benefits of a future outcome. Within the Cognitive Systems domain, the Cognitive Control construct mainly related to PD symptoms associated with impulse control, suggesting a connection to neural circuits that underlie goal selection and behavioral control. Arousal and Regulatory Systems could only be conceptually mapped onto PD symptoms through the Arousal construct, with different symptoms reflecting either a higher or lower biological sensitivity to internal and external stimuli. The RDoC framework has promise to advance neuroscience research on PD. The Social Processes domain is especially relevant to PD, although constructs falling within the other RDoC domains could also yield important insights into the neurobiology of PD and its connections with other forms of psychopathology. Identifying RDoC constructs (e.g., habit formation) that subserve more fundamental processes relevant to personality functioning warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob W Koudys
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, M1C 1A4, Canada
- Department of Psychological Clinical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jenna M Traynor
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Achala H Rodrigo
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, M1C 1A4, Canada
- Department of Psychological Clinical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Dean Carcone
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, M1C 1A4, Canada
- Department of Psychological Clinical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Anthony C Ruocco
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, M1C 1A4, Canada.
- Department of Psychological Clinical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
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6
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Chan CC, Szeszko PR, Wong E, Tang CY, Kelliher C, Penner JD, Perez-Rodriguez MM, Rosell DR, McClure M, Roussos P, New AS, Siever LJ, Hazlett EA. Frontal and temporal cortical volume, white matter tract integrity, and hemispheric asymmetry in schizotypal personality disorder. Schizophr Res 2018; 197:226-232. [PMID: 29454512 PMCID: PMC8043048 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2018.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Abnormalities in temporal and frontal cortical volume, white matter tract integrity, and hemispheric asymmetry have been implicated in schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. Schizotypal personality disorder can provide insight into vulnerability and protective factors in these disorders without the confounds associated with chronic psychosis. However, multimodal imaging and asymmetry studies in SPD are sparse. Thirty-seven individuals with SPD and 29 healthy controls (HC) received clinical interviews and 3T magnetic resonance T1-weighted and diffusion tensor imaging scans. Mixed ANOVAs were performed on gray matter volumes of the lateral temporal regions involved in auditory and language processing and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex involved in executive functioning, as well as fractional anisotropy (FA) of prominent white matter tracts that connect frontal and temporal lobes. In the temporal lobe regions, there were no group differences in volume, but SPD had reduced right>left middle temporal gyrus volume asymmetry compared to HC and lacked the right>left asymmetry in the inferior temporal gyrus volume seen in HC. In the frontal regions, there were no differences between groups on volume or asymmetry. In the white matter tracts, SPD had reduced FA in the left sagittal stratum and superior longitudinal fasciculus, and increased right>left asymmetry in sagittal stratum FA compared to HC. In the SPD group, lower left superior longitudinal fasciculus FA was associated with greater severity of disorganization symptoms. Findings suggest that abnormities in structure and asymmetry of temporal regions and frontotemporal white matter tract integrity are implicated in SPD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi C. Chan
- VISN 2 Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA,Corresponding author at: Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, James J. Peters VA Medical Center, 130 West Kingsbridge Road, Room 6A-41G, Bronx, NY 10468, USA, (C.C. Chan)
| | - Philip R. Szeszko
- VISN 2 Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Edmund Wong
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Cheuk Y. Tang
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Caitlin Kelliher
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Justin D. Penner
- VISN 2 Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Daniel R. Rosell
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Margaret McClure
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Panos Roussos
- VISN 2 Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA,Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences and Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Antonia S. New
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Larry J. Siever
- VISN 2 Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Erin A. Hazlett
- VISN 2 Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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7
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Xie W, Cappiello M, Park HB, Deldin P, Chan RCK, Zhang W. Schizotypy is associated with reduced mnemonic precision in visual working memory. Schizophr Res 2018; 193:91-97. [PMID: 28760538 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2017.07.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Working memory (WM) maintains a limited amount of information over a short period of time at the service of other ongoing mental activities. Deficits in this function are often observed in schizophrenia spectrum disorders. The present study examined whether self-report schizotypy was associated with the qualitative, quantitative, or both aspects of visual WM and whether these impairments could be accounted for by sensory memory deficits and/or depressed mood in a group of non-clinical, medication-naïve participants. METHOD Visual WM and sensory memory were assessed in 164 medication-naïve college students using delayed and immediate color estimation tasks, respectively. Self-report measures of schizotypy and depressed mood were also collected. RESULTS Individuals with more schizotypal features retained less precise representations in visual WM, without a significant reduction in the number of retained WM representations (i.e., capacity). In contrast, there was no significant correlation between sensory memory precision and schizotypy, suggesting that schizotypy-related imprecision in visual WM was unlikely a result of imprecise sensory memory. Furthermore, opposite patterns of WM deficits were observed for depressed mood in that it was negatively associated with WM capacity, but not with WM precision. CONCLUSION Together, the present findings demonstrated dissociable WM deficits in schizotypy and depressed mood, providing strong evidence for unstable mental representations in schizotypy and reduced cognitive resource in depressed mood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weizhen Xie
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside, USA.
| | - Marcus Cappiello
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside, USA
| | - Hyung-Bum Park
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside, USA
| | | | - Raymond C K Chan
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside, USA.
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8
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Kapfhammer HP. [The concept of schizoidia in psychiatry : From schizoidia to schizotypy and cluster A personality disorders]. NEUROPSYCHIATRIE : KLINIK, DIAGNOSTIK, THERAPIE UND REHABILITATION : ORGAN DER GESELLSCHAFT ÖSTERREICHISCHER NERVENÄRZTE UND PSYCHIATER 2017; 31:155-171. [PMID: 28699102 DOI: 10.1007/s40211-017-0237-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
From a perspective of conceptual evolution schizoidia was initially considered to describe features both of the premorbid personality of schizophrenic patients and of the personalities of non-psychotic family members (Bleuler, Kahlbaum, Kraepelin). On a psychopatholocial level a close link to the complex basic symptom of autism was stressed. From the very beginnings of modern psychiatry schizoidia was discussed within a conceptual frame of schizophrenia spectrum disorders (Kretschmer, Hoch, Polatin). Approaches to operationalize these conceptual works laid the basis for the cluster A personalities in DSM-III. Due to the prominent concept of schizotypy (Kety, Rado, Meehl) three split up diagnostic categories of schizotypal, schizoid and paranoid personality disorders resulted. Cluster A personality disorders are frequent in community-based epidemiological studies. Health-care seeking behaviour due to primary personality-related problems, however, seems to be less paramount compared to cluster B and C personality disorders. Many family- and twin-based genetic studies convincingly stress a close link between schizotypal personality disorder and schizophrenia. This link is less pronounced for paranoid personality disorder, and even vanishingly low for schizoid personality disorder. From a perspective of schizophrenia spectrum disorders a vast amount of data from molecular genetic, neurobiological, neuropsychological and psychosocial research has impressingly confirmed this link for schizotypal personality disorder. Major research deficits, however, have to be noticed for paranoid and schizoid personality disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Peter Kapfhammer
- Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapeutische Medizin, Medizinische Universität Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 31, 8036, Graz, Österreich.
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9
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Huang ML, Khoh TT, Lu SJ, Pan F, Chen JK, Hu JB, Hu SH, Xu WJ, Zhou WH, Wei N, Qi HL, Shang DS, Xu Y. Relationships between dorsolateral prefrontal cortex metabolic change and cognitive impairment in first-episode neuroleptic-naive schizophrenia patients. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e7228. [PMID: 28640119 PMCID: PMC5484227 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000007228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2017] [Revised: 05/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to explore the possible associations between the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) metabolites and the cognitive function in first-episode schizophrenia (FES).This study included 58 patients with FES (29 males and 29 females; mean age, 22.66 ± 7.64 years) recruited from the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, and 43 locally recruited healthy controls (16 males and 27 females; mean age, 23.07 ± 7.49 years). The single-voxel proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to measure the levels of N-acetylaspartate (NAA); complex of glutamate, glutamine, and γ-aminobutyric acid (Glx); choline-containing compounds; and myo-inositol in the DLPFC. The ratios of metabolites to creatine (Cr) were calculated. The cognitive function was assessed by Measurement and Treatment Research to Improve Cognition in Schizophrenia Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB). Correlation analysis was used to assess the relationships between the DLPFC metabolites and the cognitive function.Compared with the healthy controls, the patients with FES showed significantly reduced scores in each part of the MCCB, significantly reduced NAA/Cr, and significantly increased Glx/Cr in the left DLPFC. Poor performance in verbal learning and visual learning was correlated to the reduced NAA/Cr ratio in the left DLPFC.These findings suggest that a lower NAA/Cr ratio in the left DLPFC is associated with the cognitive deficits in patients with FES, and may be an early biochemical marker for the cognitive impairment in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man-Li Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, The Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder's Management of Zhejiang Province
| | | | - Shao-Jia Lu
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, The Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder's Management of Zhejiang Province
| | - Fen Pan
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, The Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder's Management of Zhejiang Province
| | - Jin-Kai Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, The Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder's Management of Zhejiang Province
| | - Jian-Bo Hu
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, The Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder's Management of Zhejiang Province
| | - Shao-Hua Hu
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, The Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder's Management of Zhejiang Province
| | - Wei-Juan Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, The Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder's Management of Zhejiang Province
| | - Wei-Hua Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, The Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder's Management of Zhejiang Province
| | - Ning Wei
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, The Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder's Management of Zhejiang Province
| | - Hong-Li Qi
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, The Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder's Management of Zhejiang Province
| | - De-Sheng Shang
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, The Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder's Management of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, The Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder's Management of Zhejiang Province
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10
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Zhu Y, Tang Y, Zhang T, Li H, Tang Y, Li C, Luo X, He Y, Lu Z, Wang J. Reduced functional connectivity between bilateral precuneus and contralateral parahippocampus in schizotypal personality disorder. BMC Psychiatry 2017; 17:48. [PMID: 28152990 PMCID: PMC5288938 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-016-1146-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schizotypal personality disorder (SPD) is linked to schizophrenia in terms of shared genetics, biological markers and phenomenological characteristics. In the current study, we aimed to determine whether the previously reported altered functional connectivity (FC) with precuneus in patients with schizophrenia could be extended to individuals with SPD. METHODS Twenty subjects with SPD and 19 healthy controls were recruited from 4461 freshmen at a university in Shanghai and received a resting-state scan of MRI. All participants were evaluated by the Chinese version of Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ) and the Chinese version of Symptom Checklist (SCL-90). The imaging data were analysed using the seed-based functional connectivity method. RESULTS Compared with the controls, SPD subjects exhibited reduced FC between bilateral precuneus and contralateral parahippocampus. In SPD group, SPQ total score was negatively correlated with FC between right precuneus and left parahippocampus (r = -0.603, p = 0.006); there was a negative trend between SPQ subscale score of suspiciousness and FC between left precuneus and right parahippocampus (r = -0.553, p = 0.014); and a positive trend was found between SPQ subscale score of odd or eccentric behaviour and FC between left precuneus and right superior temporal gyrus (r = 0.543, p = 0.016). As for the SCL-90 score, a similar negative trend was found between SCL-90 subscale score of suspiciousness and FC between right precuneus and left parahippocampus (r = -0.535, p = 0.018) in SPD group. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that the decreased functional connectivity between precuneus and contralateral parahippocampus might play a key role in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia spectrum disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yikang Zhu
- 0000 0004 0368 8293grid.16821.3cShanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, South Wan Ping Road 600, Shanghai, 200030 People’s Republic of China ,Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Klinikum rechts der Isar, TU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Yunxiang Tang
- 0000 0004 0369 1660grid.73113.37Department of Medical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Mental Health, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tianhong Zhang
- 0000 0004 0368 8293grid.16821.3cShanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, South Wan Ping Road 600, Shanghai, 200030 People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Li
- 0000 0004 0368 8293grid.16821.3cShanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, South Wan Ping Road 600, Shanghai, 200030 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yingying Tang
- 0000 0004 0368 8293grid.16821.3cShanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, South Wan Ping Road 600, Shanghai, 200030 People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunbo Li
- 0000 0004 0368 8293grid.16821.3cShanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, South Wan Ping Road 600, Shanghai, 200030 People’s Republic of China ,0000 0004 0368 8293grid.16821.3cBio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xingguang Luo
- 0000000419368710grid.47100.32Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06516 USA
| | - Yongguang He
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, South Wan Ping Road 600, Shanghai, 200030, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zheng Lu
- Department of Psychiatry, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 389 Xin Cun Road, Shanghai, 200065, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jijun Wang
- 0000 0004 0368 8293grid.16821.3cShanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, South Wan Ping Road 600, Shanghai, 200030 People’s Republic of China ,0000 0004 0368 8293grid.16821.3cBio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
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11
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Meng X, Jiang R, Lin D, Bustillo J, Jones T, Chen J, Yu Q, Du Y, Zhang Y, Jiang T, Sui J, Calhoun VD. Predicting individualized clinical measures by a generalized prediction framework and multimodal fusion of MRI data. Neuroimage 2016; 145:218-229. [PMID: 27177764 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Revised: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroimaging techniques have greatly enhanced the understanding of neurodiversity (human brain variation across individuals) in both health and disease. The ultimate goal of using brain imaging biomarkers is to perform individualized predictions. Here we proposed a generalized framework that can predict explicit values of the targeted measures by taking advantage of joint information from multiple modalities. This framework also enables whole brain voxel-wise searching by combining multivariate techniques such as ReliefF, clustering, correlation-based feature selection and multiple regression models, which is more flexible and can achieve better prediction performance than alternative atlas-based methods. For 50 healthy controls and 47 schizophrenia patients, three kinds of features derived from resting-state fMRI (fALFF), sMRI (gray matter) and DTI (fractional anisotropy) were extracted and fed into a regression model, achieving high prediction for both cognitive scores (MCCB composite r=0.7033, MCCB social cognition r=0.7084) and symptomatic scores (positive and negative syndrome scale [PANSS] positive r=0.7785, PANSS negative r=0.7804). Moreover, the brain areas likely responsible for cognitive deficits of schizophrenia, including middle temporal gyrus, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, striatum, cuneus and cerebellum, were located with different weights, as well as regions predicting PANSS symptoms, including thalamus, striatum and inferior parietal lobule, pinpointing the potential neuromarkers. Finally, compared to a single modality, multimodal combination achieves higher prediction accuracy and enables individualized prediction on multiple clinical measures. There is more work to be done, but the current results highlight the potential utility of multimodal brain imaging biomarkers to eventually inform clinical decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Meng
- Brainnetome Center and National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Rongtao Jiang
- Brainnetome Center and National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Dongdong Lin
- The Mind Research Network and Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA
| | - Juan Bustillo
- Dept. of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Thomas Jones
- Dept. of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Jiayu Chen
- The Mind Research Network and Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA
| | - Qingbao Yu
- The Mind Research Network and Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA
| | - Yuhui Du
- The Mind Research Network and Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA
| | - Yu Zhang
- Brainnetome Center and National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Tianzi Jiang
- Brainnetome Center and National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jing Sui
- Brainnetome Center and National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; The Mind Research Network and Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA; CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Vince D Calhoun
- The Mind Research Network and Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA; Dept. of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; Dept. of Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
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Sui J, Pearlson GD, Du Y, Yu Q, Jones TR, Chen J, Jiang T, Bustillo J, Calhoun VD. In search of multimodal neuroimaging biomarkers of cognitive deficits in schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry 2015; 78:794-804. [PMID: 25847180 PMCID: PMC4547923 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2015.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2014] [Revised: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cognitive deficits of schizophrenia are largely resistant to current treatments and thus are a lifelong illness burden. The Measurement and Treatment Research to Improve Cognition in Schizophrenia (MATRICS) Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB) provides a reliable and valid assessment of cognition across major cognitive domains; however, the multimodal brain alterations specifically associated with MCCB in schizophrenia have not been examined. METHODS The interrelationships between MCCB and the abnormalities seen in three types of neuroimaging-derived maps-fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (fALFF) from resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), gray matter (GM) density from structural MRI, and fractional anisotropy from diffusion MRI-were investigated by using multiset canonical correlation analysis in data from 47 schizophrenia patients treated with antipsychotic medications and 50 age-matched healthy control subjects. RESULTS One multimodal component (canonical variant 8) was identified as both group differentiating and significantly correlated with the MCCB composite. It demonstrated 1) increased cognitive performance associated with higher fALFF (intensity of regional spontaneous brain activity) and higher GM volumes in thalamus, striatum, hippocampus, and the mid-occipital region, with co-occurring fractional anisotropy changes in superior longitudinal fascicules, anterior thalamic radiation, and forceps major; 2) higher fALFF but lower GM volume in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex related to worse cognition in schizophrenia; and 3) distinct domains of MCCB might exhibit dissociable multimodal signatures, e.g., increased fALFF in inferior parietal lobule particularly correlated with decreased social cognition. Medication dose did not relate to these findings in schizophrenia. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest linked functional and structural deficits in distributed cortico-striato-thalamic circuits may be closely related to MCCB-measured cognitive impairments in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Sui
- The Mind Research Network and Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico; Brainnetome Center and National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition (JS, TJ), Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Godfrey D. Pearlson
- Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Hartford, CT, USA, 06106,Dept. of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA, 06519,Dept. of Neurobiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA, 06519
| | - Yuhui Du
- The Mind Research Network and Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM, USA, 87106,School of Information and Communication Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan, China, 030051
| | - Qingbao Yu
- The Mind Research Network and Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM, USA, 87106
| | - Thomas R. Jones
- Dept. of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA, 87131
| | - Jiayu Chen
- The Mind Research Network and Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM, USA, 87106
| | - Tianzi Jiang
- Brainnetome Center and National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China, 100190
| | - Juan Bustillo
- Dept. of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA, 87131
| | - Vince D. Calhoun
- The Mind Research Network and Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM, USA, 87106,Dept. of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA, 06519,Dept. of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA, 87131,Dept. of Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA, 87131
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13
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Nenadic I, Lorenz C, Langbein K, Dietzek M, Smesny S, Schönfeld N, Fañanás L, Sauer H, Gaser C. Brain structural correlates of schizotypy and psychosis proneness in a non-clinical healthy volunteer sample. Schizophr Res 2015; 168:37-43. [PMID: 26164819 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2015.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2015] [Revised: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Schizotypal traits are phenotypic risk factors for schizophrenia, associated with biological changes across a putative schizophrenia spectrum. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that brain structural changes in key brain areas relevant to this spectrum (esp. medial and lateral prefrontal cortex) would vary across different degrees of schizotypal trait expression and/or phenotypic markers of psychosis proneness in healthy non-clinical volunteers. We analysed high-resolution 3Tesla magnetic resonance images (MRI) of 59 healthy volunteers using voxel-based morphometry (VBM), correlating grey matter values to the positive and negative symptom factors of the schizotypal personality questionnaire (SPQ, German version) and a measure of psychosis proneness (community assessment of psychic experiences, CAPE). We found positive correlations between positive SPQ dimension and bilateral inferior and right superior frontal cortices, and positive CAPE dimension and left inferior frontal cortex, as well as CAPE negative dimension and right supplementary motor area (SMA) and left inferior parietal cortex. However, only the positive correlation of the right precuneus with negative schizotypy scores was significant after FWE correction for multiple comparisons. Our findings confirm an effect of schizotypal traits and psychosis proneness on brain structure in healthy subjects, providing further support to a biological continuum model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Nenadic
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, 07743 Jena, Germany.
| | - Carsten Lorenz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Kerstin Langbein
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Maren Dietzek
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Stefan Smesny
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Nils Schönfeld
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Lourdes Fañanás
- Unitat d'Antropologia, Departament de Biologia Animal, Facultat de Biologia and Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - Heinrich Sauer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Christian Gaser
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, 07743 Jena, Germany; Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, 07743 Jena, Germany
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14
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Hazlett EA, Rothstein EG, Ferreira R, Silverman JM, Siever LJ, Olincy A. Sensory gating disturbances in the spectrum: similarities and differences in schizotypal personality disorder and schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2015; 161:283-90. [PMID: 25482574 PMCID: PMC4308515 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2014.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Revised: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND DSM-5 places schizophrenia on a continuum from severe, chronic schizophrenia to the attenuated schizophrenia-like traits of schizotypal personality disorder (SPD), the prototypic schizophrenia-related personality disorder. SPD shares common genetic and neurobiological substrates with schizophrenia, including information processing abnormalities, although they are less marked. This is the first study to directly compare the P50 evoked electroencephalographic response-a measure of sensory gating and a neurophysiological endophenotype-between schizophrenia-spectrum groups. Two hypotheses were tested: (1) Compared with healthy controls (HCs), schizophrenia patients show reduced P50 suppression and SPD patients resemble schizophrenia but exhibit less marked deficits; and (2) Deficient P50 suppression in SPD is associated with greater clinical symptom severity. METHODS P50 was assessed in 32 schizophrenia-spectrum disorder patients (12 SPD, 20 schizophrenia patients) and 25 demographically-matched HCs. The standard conditioning (C)-testing (T) paradigm was used and P50 suppression was quantified using the T-C difference and the T/C ratio. RESULTS All P50 measures showed a linear, stepwise pattern with the SPD group intermediate between the HC and schizophrenia groups. Compared with HCs, both patient groups had lower conditioning and T-C difference values. Among the SPD group, greater clinical symptom severity was associated with greater conditioning-response amplitude deficits. CONCLUSION These findings: (1) are novel in showing that P50 deficits in SPD resemble those observed in schizophrenia, albeit less marked; (2) support the concept that the phenomenological link between SPD and schizophrenia lies in shared neurocognitive/neurophysiological pathologies; and (3) provide evidence that P50 is a neurophysiological endophenotype for schizophrenia-spectrum disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin A. Hazlett
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY,Research and Development, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY,Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (VISN3), James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY,Corresponding Author: Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (VISN3), James J. Peters VA Medical Center, 130 West Kingsbridge Road, Room 6A-44, Bronx, NY, 10468, United States, Phone: 718-584-9000 x3701; Fax: 718-364-3576,
| | - Ethan G. Rothstein
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Rui Ferreira
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Jeremy M. Silverman
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY,Research and Development, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY
| | - Larry J. Siever
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY,Research and Development, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY,Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (VISN3), James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY
| | - Ann Olincy
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado, Denver, CO
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