1
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Zanelli D, Candotto Carniel F, Fortuna L, Pavoni E, Jehová González V, Vázquez E, Prato M, Tretiach M. Interactions of airborne graphene oxides with the sexual reproduction of a model plant: When production impurities matter. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 312:137138. [PMID: 36343732 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The increasing use of graphene-related materials (GRMs) in everyday-life products raises concerns for their possible release into the environment and consequent impact on organisms. GRMs have widely varying effects on plants and, according to recent evidences, graphene oxide (GO) has the potential to interfere with the sexual reproduction owing to its acidic properties and production residues. Here, stigmas of the model plant Cucurbita pepo (summer squash) were subjected to simulated dry depositions of GO and GO purified from production residues (PGO). Stigmas were then hand-pollinated and GRM deposition was checked by ESEM and confocal microscopy. Analysis of stigma integrity, pH homeostasis and pollen-stigma interactions did not reveal negative effects. Fruit and seed production were not affected, but GO depositions of 22.1 ± 7.2 ng mm-2 affected the normal development of seeds, decreasing seed dimensions, seed germination and germination speed. The elemental analysis revealed that GO has significant quantities of production residues, such as strong acids and oxidants, while PGO has only traces, which justifies the differences observed in the effects caused by the two materials. Our results show that GO depositions of up to 11.1 ± 3.6 ng mm-2, which fall within the variation range of total dry particulate matter depositions reported in the literature, are safe for reproduction of C. pepo. This is the first "safety" limit ever recorded for depositions of "out-of-the-box" GO concerning the reproduction of a seed plant. If confirmed for wind-pollinated species, it might be considered for policymaking of GRMs emissions in the air.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Zanelli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Lorenzo Fortuna
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Elena Pavoni
- Department of Mathematics and Geosciences, University of Trieste, 34128, Trieste, Italy
| | - Viviana Jehová González
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Instituto Regional de Investigación Científica Aplicada (IRICA), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Ester Vázquez
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Instituto Regional de Investigación Científica Aplicada (IRICA), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain; Department of Organic Chemistry, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, Universidad de Castilla La Mancha, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Maurizio Prato
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127, Trieste, Italy; Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC BiomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramón 194, 20014, Donostia San Sebastián, Spain; Basque Foundation for Science (IKERBASQUE), 48013, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Mauro Tretiach
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127, Trieste, Italy
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2
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Świsłowski P, Nowak A, Wacławek S, Silvestri D, Rajfur M. Bioaccumulation of Trace Elements from Aqueous Solutions by Selected Terrestrial Moss Species. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11121692. [PMID: 36552202 PMCID: PMC9774717 DOI: 10.3390/biology11121692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The interrelationship between metal concentrations in mosses and their surroundings prompts research toward examining their accumulation properties, as it is particularly important for their usage in biomonitoring studies that use mosses. In this study, the kinetics of elemental sorption in three moss species (Pleurozium schreberi, Dicranum polysetum, and Sphagnum fallax) were investigated under laboratory conditions. Sorption from metal salt solutions was carried out under static conditions with decreasing elemental concentration. Functional groups responsible for binding metal cations to the internal structures of the mosses were also identified. It was shown that the equilibrium state was reached after about 60 min. Under the conditions of the experiment, in the first 10 min of the process, about 70.4-95.3% of metal ions were sorbed from the solution into the moss gametophytes by P. schreberi (57.1-89.0% by D. polysetum and 54.1-84.5% by S. fallax) with respect to the concentration of this analyte accumulated in the mosses at equilibrium. It can be assumed that the exposure of mosses with little contamination by heavy metals in an urbanized area under active biomonitoring will cause an increase in the concentration of these analytes in proportion to their concentration in atmospheric aerosols. In the case of P. schreberi and D. polysetum, the O-H/N-H band was enormously affected by the adsorption process. On the other hand, FTIR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy) analysis of S. fallax after adsorption showed slight changes for most of the bands analyzed. Based on this study, it can be concluded that mosses can be used as, for example, a biomonitor in monitoring of urban ecosystems, but also in the phytoremediation of surface waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Świsłowski
- Institute of Biology, University of Opole, 45-032 Opole, Poland
- Correspondence: (P.Ś.); (S.W.)
| | - Arkadiusz Nowak
- Polish Academy of Sciences, Botanical Garden—Centre of Biodiversity Conservation, 02-973 Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Botany and Nature Protection, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-721 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Stanisław Wacławek
- Institute for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technologies and Innovation, Technical University of Liberec, 461 17 Liberec, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: (P.Ś.); (S.W.)
| | - Daniele Silvestri
- Institute for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technologies and Innovation, Technical University of Liberec, 461 17 Liberec, Czech Republic
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3
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Jovan SE, Zuidema C, Derrien MM, Bidwell AL, Brinkley W, Smith RJ, Blahna D, Barnhill R, Gould L, Rodríguez AJ, Amacher MC, Abel TD, López P. Heavy metals in moss guide environmental justice investigation: A case study using community science in Seattle,
WA
,
USA. Ecosphere 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.4109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E. Jovan
- USDA Forest Service PNW Research Station Portland Oregon USA
| | - Christopher Zuidema
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences University of Washington Seattle Washington USA
| | - Monika M. Derrien
- USDA Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station Seattle Washington USA
| | | | | | - Robert J. Smith
- USDA Forest Service Air Resource Management Program Washington District of Columbia USA
| | - Dale Blahna
- USDA Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station Seattle Washington USA
| | | | - Linn Gould
- Just Health Action Seattle Washington USA
| | | | - Michael C. Amacher
- Forest Environment Health Research & Consulting, LLC North Logan Utah USA
| | - Troy D. Abel
- Department of Urban and Environmental Planning and Policy Western Washington University Bellingham Washington USA
| | - Paulina López
- Duwamish River Community Coalition Seattle Washington USA
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4
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Świsłowski P, Nowak A, Wacławek S, Ziembik Z, Rajfur M. Is Active Moss Biomonitoring Comparable to Air Filter Standard Sampling? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19084706. [PMID: 35457569 PMCID: PMC9024558 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19084706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Recently, significant attention has been paid to air quality awareness and its impact on human health, especially in urban agglomerations. Many types of dust samplers for air quality monitoring are used by governmental environmental monitoring agencies. However, these techniques are associated with high costs; as a consequence, biological methods such as active moss biomonitoring are being developed. The main disadvantages of such techniques are the lack of standardization of the preparation procedures and the lack of reliable comparisons of results with data from instrumental analyses. Our study aimed to compare the results obtained from active biomonitoring with the use of three moss species: Pleurozium schreberi, Sphagnum fallax and Dicranum polysetum. Samples were exposed via the moss-bag technique to measure the concentrations of analytes (Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Cd, Hg and Pb) which had accumulated among the total suspended particulates (TSP) collected from the filters of a dust collector in the city of Opole (Opole voivodeship, Poland). With regard to the physicochemical and biological traits of the mosses, their assessed lifetime and actual photochemical efficiency (yield) following exposure were meagre, which may have been related to the change of environment and their exposure to pollutants. When comparing the results obtained by the two methods used to monitor air pollution, the biomonitoring method was found to be incompletely consistent with the reference method. Biological monitoring using mosses must be carefully considered depending on the monitoring objectives, the required level of sensitivity and quality of measurement and the type of pollutant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Świsłowski
- Institute of Biology, University of Opole, Oleska St. 48, 45-022 Opole, Poland;
- Correspondence:
| | - Arkadiusz Nowak
- Institute of Biology, University of Opole, Oleska St. 48, 45-022 Opole, Poland;
- Botanical Garden—Centre for Biodiversity Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences, Prawdziwka St. 2, 02-973 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Stanisław Wacławek
- Institute for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technologies and Innovation, Technical University of Liberec, Studentská St. 1402/2, 461 17 Liberec, Czech Republic;
| | - Zbigniew Ziembik
- Institute of Environmental Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Opole, B. Kominka St. 6a, 45-032 Opole, Poland; (Z.Z.); (M.R.)
| | - Małgorzata Rajfur
- Institute of Environmental Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Opole, B. Kominka St. 6a, 45-032 Opole, Poland; (Z.Z.); (M.R.)
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5
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Vanicela BD, Nebel M, Stephan M, Riethmüller C, Gresser GT. Quantitative analysis of fine dust particles on moss surfaces under laboratory conditions using the example of Brachythecium rutabulum. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:51763-51771. [PMID: 33991303 PMCID: PMC8458176 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14218-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The identification of a model organism for investigations of fine dust deposits on moss leaflets was presented. An optical method with SEM enabled the quantitative detection of fine dust particles in two orders of magnitude. Selection criteria were developed with which further moss species can be identified in order to quantify the number of fine dust particles on moss surfaces using the presented method. Among the five moss species examined, B. rutabulum had proven to be the most suitable model organism for the method presented here. The number of fine dust particles on the moss surface of B. rutabulum was documented during 4 weeks of cultivation in the laboratory using SEM images and a counting method. The fine dust particles were recorded in the order of 10 μm-0.3 μm, divided into two size classes and counted. Under laboratory conditions, the number of particles of the fine fraction 2.4 μm-0.3 μm decreased significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilitis Désirée Vanicela
- German Institutes of Textile and Fiber Research, Körschtalstraße 26, 73770, Denkendorf, Germany.
| | - Martin Nebel
- University of Bonn, Regina-Pacis-Weg 3, D-53113, Bonn, Germany
| | - Marielle Stephan
- German Institutes of Textile and Fiber Research, Körschtalstraße 26, 73770, Denkendorf, Germany
| | - Christoph Riethmüller
- German Institutes of Textile and Fiber Research, Körschtalstraße 26, 73770, Denkendorf, Germany
| | - Götz Theo Gresser
- German Institutes of Textile and Fiber Research, Körschtalstraße 26, 73770, Denkendorf, Germany
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6
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Benítez Á, Armijos L, Calva J. Monitoring Air Quality with Transplanted Bryophytes in a Neotropical Andean City. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11080821. [PMID: 34440565 PMCID: PMC8398276 DOI: 10.3390/life11080821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Air pollution is one of the main global environmental problems, where bryophytes, due to their high capacity to retain metals and other pollutants, have been widely used in active air quality monitoring studies in temperate and tropical zones. Thus, in this study, we analyzed for the first time the concentrations of eight metals (cadmium, copper, nickel, aluminum, iron, manganese, lead and zinc) in three species of transplanted mosses (Rhacocarpus purpurascens (Brid.) Paris, Sphagnum sp. and Thuidium delicatulum (Hedw.) Schimp.) from Ecuador. Significant differences were found for the three species in the concentrations of Al, Mn, Fe and Zn between urban and control areas, pointing to the Central zone as the main source of contamination with the highest concentrations of Al, Fe, Mn and Zn, related to vehicular traffic. Lead did not differ between zones for Rhacocarpus purpurascens and Sphagnum sp.; however, Thuidium delicatulum accumulated different concentrations between urban areas and the control areas. The three species of mosses provided valuable information on the contamination of Al, Fe, Mn, Pb and Zn in the urban area of the city of Loja, and therefore can be used in future air quality monitoring programs over time in tropical cities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángel Benítez
- Biodiversidad de Ecosistemas Tropicales-BIETROP, Herbario HUTPL, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, San Cayetano s/n, Loja 1101608, Ecuador
- Correspondence:
| | - Lizbeth Armijos
- Titulación de Biología, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, San Cayetano s/n, Loja 1101608, Ecuador;
| | - James Calva
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, San Cayetano s/n, Loja 1101608, Ecuador;
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7
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Gioda A, Beringui K, Justo EPS, Ventura LMB, Massone CG, Costa SSL, Oliveira SS, Araujo RGO, Nascimento NDM, Severino HGS, Duyck CB, de Souza JR, Saint Pierre TD. A Review on Atmospheric Analysis Focusing on Public Health, Environmental Legislation and Chemical Characterization. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2021; 52:1772-1794. [PMID: 34092145 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2021.1919985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Atmospheric pollution has been considered one of the most important topics in environmental science once it can be related to the incidence of respiratory diseases, climate change, and others. Knowing the composition of this complex and variable mixture of gases and particulate matter is crucial to understand the damages it causes, help establish limit levels, reduce emissions, and mitigate risks. In this work, the current scenario of the legislation and guideline values for indoor and outdoor atmospheric parameters will be reviewed, focusing on the inorganic and organic compositions of particulate matter and on biomonitoring. Considering the concentration level of the contaminants in air and the physical aspects (meteorological conditions) involved in the dispersion of these contaminants, different approaches for air sampling and analysis have been developed in recent years. Finally, this review presents the importance of data analysis, whose main objective is to transform analytical results into reliable information about the significance of anthropic activities in air pollution and its possible sources. This information is a useful tool to help the government implement actions against atmospheric air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Gioda
- Departamento de Química, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Karmel Beringui
- Departamento de Química, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Elizanne P S Justo
- Departamento de Química, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Luciana M B Ventura
- Departamento de Química, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Instituto Estadual do Ambiente (INEA), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Carlos G Massone
- Departamento de Química, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Silvânio Silvério Lopes Costa
- Núcleo de Petróleo e Gás, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil.,Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Sidimar Santos Oliveira
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Rennan Geovanny Oliveira Araujo
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do CNPq - INCT de Energia e Ambiente, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Nivia de M Nascimento
- Departamento de Química, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Departamento de Geoquímica e Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Hemmely Guilhermond S Severino
- Departamento de Geoquímica e Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Christiane B Duyck
- Departamento de Geoquímica e Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Jefferson Rodrigues de Souza
- Laboratório de Ciências Químicas, Universidade Estadual Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF), Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - Tatiana D Saint Pierre
- Departamento de Química, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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8
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Hossain M, Karmakar D, Begum SN, Ali SY, Patra PK. Recent trends in the analysis of trace elements in the field of environmental research: A review. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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9
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Fortuna L, González AG, Tretiach M, Pokrovsky OS. Influence of secondary metabolites on surface chemistry and metal adsorption of a devitalized lichen biomonitor. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 273:116500. [PMID: 33493767 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Despite the broad use of lichens as biomonitors of airborne trace elements, the surface chemistry and metal adsorption parameters of these organisms are still poorly known. The current investigation is aimed at (i) quantifying the acid-base surface properties and the first-order physical-chemical parameters of Cu2+ and Zn2+ adsorption of devitalized Pseudevernia furfuracea, a lichen commonly used in biomonitoring of airborne trace elements, and (ii) comparing the results with those available for moss biomonitors. Equilibrium constants and metal-binding site concentrations were calculated with a thermodynamic model by taking into account the presence/absence of ancillary extracellular cell wall compounds, namely melanin and acetone-soluble lichen substances. An acid-base titration experiment performed in the pH range of 3-10 showed that melanised and non-melanised P. furfuracea samples have lower pHPZC (3.53-3.99) and higher metal-binding site concentrations (0.96-1.20 mmol g-1) compared to that of the mosses investigated so far at the same experimental conditions. Melanin biosynthesis increased the content of carboxyl and phosphoryl groups and reduces that of amine/polyphenols. Cu2+ and Zn2+ adsorption was unaffected by the degree of melanisation while the removal of extracellular lichen substances slightly decreased Zn2+ adsorption. Although Cu2+ and Zn2+ adsorption parameters related to P. furfuracea surfaces were 3 times lower than in the mosses, lichen samples adsorbed the same amount of Cu2+ and 30% more Zn2+. The present study contributes in understanding the role of ancillary cell wall compounds in Cu2+ and Zn2+ adsorption in a model lichen. It also provides a first comparison between the surface physico-chemical characteristics of lichens and mosses frequently used as biomonitors of trace elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Fortuna
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri, 1, I-34127, Trieste, Italy.
| | - Aridane G González
- Instituto de Oceanografía y Cambio Global, IOCAG, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, ULPGC, Unidad Asociada ULPGC-CSIC, Parque Científico Tecnológico Marino de Taliarte S/n, E-35214, Telde, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Mauro Tretiach
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri, 10, I-34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Oleg S Pokrovsky
- Geosciences Environment Toulouse (GET), CNRS, UMR 5563, Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées, 14 Avenue Edouard Belin, F-31400, Toulouse, France; N. Laverov Federal Center for Arctic Research, URoRAS, 23 Naberezhnaja Sev. Dviny, 163000, Arkhangelsk, Russia; BIO-GEO-CLIM Laboratory, Tomsk State University, Lenina Prs 36, Tomsk, Russia
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10
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Vosel Y, Belyanin D, Melgunov M, Vosel S, Mezina K, Kropacheva M, Zhurkova I, Shcherbov B. Accumulation of natural radionuclides ( 7Be, 210Pb) and micro-elements in mosses, lichens and cedar and larch needles in the Arctic Western Siberia. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:2880-2892. [PMID: 32895789 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10615-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This is a study of the atmospheric-origin natural radionuclides (7Be and 210Pb) and a wide range of micro- and macro-element accumulation in mosses, lichens, cedar and larch needles in Arctic western Siberia (Yamal-Nenets Autonomous District). Based on the specific activities measurements of atmospheric precipitation markers (7Be and 210Pb), this study found that the concentration of dust particles in the studied objects incrementally increases in the following order, from lowest concentration to highest: cedar needles, larch needles, lichens and mosses. Concentrations of Zr, Hf, Ti, Th, Fe, V, Li, Na, Si, Be, Y, rare earth elements (REE) and Sc in this area also increase in the same ascending sequence. Enrichment factors of these elements (EF) relative to the North American Shale Composite (NASC) are close to unity, which proves their terrigenous origin. Also, the terrigenous origin of the elements in the studied biological objects is confirmed by their high correlation coefficients with Sc. This means that their concentration in the studied biological objects is the result of a background of solid atmospheric precipitation. Enrichment factors of biogenic elements and their analogues (P, Se, Mn, Mg, Ca, K, Zn, Sr, Ba, Rb, Cs) are significantly greater than unity, and this is associated with high concentrations of these elements in the biological part of the samples. A radially symmetric distribution of Pb content in biological objects is observed over the surface of the studied area (with a center located within the city of Novy Urengoy). This leads to the conclusion that there is a point source around which anthropogenic precipitation of Pb takes place. This distribution is most clearly manifested by the example of larch and cedar needles. Anthropogenic deposition of other elements has not been detected in this study area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia Vosel
- Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy of the Siberian Branch of the RAS, 3, Ac. Koptyuga ave, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia.
| | - Dmitriy Belyanin
- Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy of the Siberian Branch of the RAS, 3, Ac. Koptyuga ave, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, 1, Pirogova str., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Mikhail Melgunov
- Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy of the Siberian Branch of the RAS, 3, Ac. Koptyuga ave, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Sergey Vosel
- Novosibirsk State University, 1, Pirogova str., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion of Siberian Branch of the RAS, 3, Institutskaya str., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Kseniya Mezina
- Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy of the Siberian Branch of the RAS, 3, Ac. Koptyuga ave, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Marya Kropacheva
- Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy of the Siberian Branch of the RAS, 3, Ac. Koptyuga ave, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Inna Zhurkova
- Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy of the Siberian Branch of the RAS, 3, Ac. Koptyuga ave, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Boris Shcherbov
- Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy of the Siberian Branch of the RAS, 3, Ac. Koptyuga ave, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
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11
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Zanelli D, Candotto Carniel F, Garrido M, Fortuna L, Nepi M, Cai G, Del Casino C, Vázquez E, Prato M, Tretiach M. Effects of Few-Layer Graphene on the Sexual Reproduction of Seed Plants: An In Vivo Study with Cucurbita pepo L. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E1877. [PMID: 32961680 PMCID: PMC7560101 DOI: 10.3390/nano10091877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Products containing graphene-related materials (GRMs) are becoming quite common, raising concerns for environmental safety. GRMs have varying effects on plants, but their impact on the sexual reproduction process is largely unknown. In this study, the effects of few-layer graphene (FLG) and a similarly layered phyllosilicate, muscovite mica (MICA), were tested in vivo on the reproductive structures, i.e., pollen and stigma, of Cucurbita pepo L. ssp. pepo 'greyzini' (summer squash, zucchini). Pollen was exposed to FLG or MICA, after careful physical-chemical characterization, at concentrations of 0.5 and 2 mg of nanomaterial (NM) per g of pollen for up to six hours. Following this, pollen viability was tested. Stigmas were exposed to FLG or MICA for three hours and then analyzed by environmental scanning electron microscopy to verify possible alterations to their surface. Stigmas were then hand-pollinated to verify the effects of the two NMs on pollen adhesion and in vivo pollen germination. FLG and MICA altered neither pollen viability nor the stigmatic surface. However, both NMs equivalently decreased pollen adhesion and in vivo germination compared with untreated stigmas. These effects deserve further attention as they could impact on production of fruits and seeds. Importantly, it was shown that FLG is as safe as a naturally occurring nanomaterial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Zanelli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, via L. Giorgieri 10, I-34127 Trieste, Italy; (D.Z.); (M.T.)
| | - Fabio Candotto Carniel
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, via L. Giorgieri 10, I-34127 Trieste, Italy; (D.Z.); (M.T.)
| | - Marina Garrido
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Science, University of Trieste, via L. Giorgieri 1, I-34127 Trieste, Italy; (M.G.); (L.F.); (M.P.)
| | - Lorenzo Fortuna
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Science, University of Trieste, via L. Giorgieri 1, I-34127 Trieste, Italy; (M.G.); (L.F.); (M.P.)
| | - Massimo Nepi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, via P. A. Mattioli 4, I-53100 Siena, Italy; (M.N.); (G.C.); (C.D.C.)
| | - Giampiero Cai
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, via P. A. Mattioli 4, I-53100 Siena, Italy; (M.N.); (G.C.); (C.D.C.)
| | - Cecilia Del Casino
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, via P. A. Mattioli 4, I-53100 Siena, Italy; (M.N.); (G.C.); (C.D.C.)
| | - Ester Vázquez
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Science and Technology, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Av. Camilo José Cela, s/n, E-13005 Ciudad Real, Spain;
- Instituto Regional de Investigación Científica Aplicada (IRICA), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, E-13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Maurizio Prato
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Science, University of Trieste, via L. Giorgieri 1, I-34127 Trieste, Italy; (M.G.); (L.F.); (M.P.)
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramón 182, 20014 Donostia San Sebastián, Spain
- Basque Foundation for Science, Ikerbasque, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Mauro Tretiach
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, via L. Giorgieri 10, I-34127 Trieste, Italy; (D.Z.); (M.T.)
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12
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Monitoring of Air Pollution by Moss Bags around an Oil Refinery: A Critical Evaluation over 16 Years. ATMOSPHERE 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos11030272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The present study analyzes the results of a biomonitoring campaign, carried out by means of Hypnum cupressiforme Hedw. moss bags around an oil refinery, located in the southwestern part of Sardinia island (Italy). This work focuses mainly on the effects of rainfall and distance from the source of contamination on the content of 14 trace elements measured over 16 years. In addition, to point out any increasing or decreasing trends, as well as any peak in presence of airborne pollutants in the area, annual elements’ concentration values are plotted and discussed. Coefficients of variation were also calculated on accumulation values in order to evaluate stability of measurements across the years and to evaluate if similar exposure conditions, i.e., humidity and distance from contamination source, resulted in more uniform accumulation values. In conclusion, (i) the vicinity of the source of contamination as well as rainfall influenced element content in the biomonitor in the case study differently, depending on the considered element and on the exposure condition, (ii) H. cupressiforme moss bags provided relatively stable measurements during the 16-year time frame (observed variations in elements content can be attributed to environmental inputs in the area), (iii) similar conditions of exposure determined less variable accumulation values.
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13
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Marié DC, Chaparro MAE, Sinito AM, Lavat A. Magnetic biomonitoring of airborne particles using lichen transplants over controlled exposure periods. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-019-1905-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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14
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Di Palma A, González AG, Adamo P, Giordano S, Reski R, Pokrovsky OS. Biosurface properties and lead adsorption in a clone of Sphagnum palustre (Mosses): Towards a unified protocol of biomonitoring of airborne heavy metal pollution. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 236:124375. [PMID: 31344617 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Although mosses are widely used for active biomonitoring of air pollution, a unified protocol for their treatment before exposure in bags is still lacking. Here we used field- and laboratory-grown Sphagnum palustre L. moss, respectively, treated by EDTA and devitalized by oven drying at 100 °C, to elaborate a consistent procedure of metal and proton adsorption on moss surfaces. Acid-base titrations and Pb2+ adsorption experiments at different pH values and Pb2+ concentrations in solution were performed with both field-collected and laboratory cloned mosses. Devitalization and EDTA treatments did not produce any measurable difference in terms of H+ and Pb2+ adsorption capacities of moss surfaces. The stability constants for Pb2+ adsorption onto moss surfaces as a function of pH (pH-dependent adsorption edge) and at constant pH (5.5 and 6.5) as a function of Pb2+ concentration ("langmuirian" adsorption isotherm) were rather similar between different treatments. A Linear Program Modeling (LPM) of adsorption reactions revealed high similarity of adsorption constants regardless of treatments for both field-grown and cloned mosses. Therefore, in view of the use of S. palustre clone for biomonitoring lead in the environment, we recommend devitalization at 100 °C as unique treatment to perform with the aim to preserve the biomonitor before and after its exposure in bags.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Di Palma
- Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), Fukushima Environmental Safety Center, 10-2, Fukasaku, Miharu-machi, Tamura-gun, Fukushima, 963-7700, Japan.
| | - Aridane G González
- Geoscience and Environment Toulouse, UMR 5563 CNRS, University of Toulouse, 14 Avenue Edouard Belin, Toulouse, 31400, France; Instituto de Oceanografía y Cambio Global, IOCAG. Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, ULPGC, Parque Científico Tecnológico de Taliarte, 35214, Telde, Spain
| | - Paola Adamo
- Department of Agricultural Science, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055, Portici (NA), Italy
| | - Simonetta Giordano
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di napoli Federico II, Campus Monte S. Angelo, Via Cinthia 26, 80126, Napoli, Italy
| | - Ralf Reski
- Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schaenzlestrasse 1, 79104, Freiburg, Germany; Signaling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, Schaenzlestr. 18, 79104, Freiburg, Germany; Cluster of Excellence livMatS @ FIT - Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Oleg S Pokrovsky
- Geoscience and Environment Toulouse, UMR 5563 CNRS, University of Toulouse, 14 Avenue Edouard Belin, Toulouse, 31400, France; Institute of Ecological Problems of the North, N. Laverov Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research, Nab Severnoi Dviny 23, Arkhangelsk, 163000, Russia; BIO-GEO-CLIM Laboratory, Tomsk State University, 35 Lenina Pr., Tomsk, 634050, Russia
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15
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Mahapatra B, Dhal NK, Dash AK, Panda BP, Panigrahi KCS, Pradhan A. Perspective of mitigating atmospheric heavy metal pollution: using mosses as biomonitoring and indicator organism. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:29620-29638. [PMID: 31463756 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06270-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Mosses were proved as an ideal and reliable biomonitor as well as an indicator of atmospheric trace metal pollution. They are used as model indicator species of air pollution since long back due to their simple structure, genetic diversity, totipotency, rapid colony-forming ability, and high metal resistance behavior. Bryomonitoring technique is gradually being popularized as an economically viable procedure for estimating the degrees of environmental health and evaluating the toxic pollutants in biosphere. Thus, in the present scenario, many parts of the world use these organisms for monitoring the air pollution. This article describes an overview of the relationship of terrestrial mosses with trace metals with respect to their uptake, accumulation, and toxification as well as detoxification and tolerance mechanisms. The review article explicitly expresses the caliber of the cryptogamic mosses in establishing the pristine environment around the world. It also highlights the underpinning mechanisms and potential for future research directions. We have referred more than 250 articles, which deals with the assessment and impact of different heavy metals on 52 numbers of different moss species belongs to different climatic zones. The present review covers the research work in this area carried out worldwide since 1965.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biswajita Mahapatra
- Environmental Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Technical Education and Research, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751030, India
| | - Nabin Kumar Dhal
- Department of Environment and Sustainability, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751013, India
| | - Aditya Kishore Dash
- Biofuel and Bioprocessing Research Centre, Institute of Technical Education and Research, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751030, India
| | - Bibhu Prasad Panda
- Environmental Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Technical Education and Research, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751030, India
| | | | - Abanti Pradhan
- Biofuel and Bioprocessing Research Centre, Institute of Technical Education and Research, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751030, India.
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16
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Turgut ET, Gaga EO, Jovanović G, Odabasi M, Artun G, Ari A, Urošević MA. Elemental characterization of general aviation aircraft emissions using moss bags. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:26925-26938. [PMID: 31309420 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05910-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In light of growing concern and insufficient knowledge on the negative impact of aircraft emissions on environmental health, this study strives to investigate the air burden of major and trace elements caused by general aviation, piston-engine, and turboprop aircraft, within the vicinity of Eskisehir Hasan Polatkan Airport (Eskisehir, Turkey). The levels of 57 elements were investigated, based on moss bag biomonitoring using Sphagnum sp., along with chemical analyses of lubrication oil and aviation gasoline fuel used in the aircraft's operations. Five sampling sites were selected within the vicinity of the airport area to capture spatial changes in the concentration of airborne elements. The study demonstrates that moss bag biomonitoring is a useful tool in the identification of differences in the air burden by major and trace elements that have concentrated downwind of the aircraft emission sources. Moreover, pollutant enrichment in the Sphagnum moss bags and elemental characterization of oil/fuel are in agreement suggesting that Pb, followed by Cd, Cu, Mo, Cr, Ni, Fe, Si, Zn, Na, P, Ca, Mg, and Al are dominant elements that shaped the general aviation aircraft emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enis T Turgut
- Faculty of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Aircraft Airframe and Powerplant Department, Eskisehir Technical University, 26555, Eskişehir, Turkey.
| | - Eftade O Gaga
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Eskisehir Technical University, 26555, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Gordana Jovanović
- Institute of Physics Belgrade, a National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Pregrevica 118, Belgrade, 11080, Serbia
| | - Mustafa Odabasi
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Environmental Engineering, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Gulzade Artun
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Eskisehir Technical University, 26555, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Akif Ari
- Faculty of Engineering, Gölköy Campus, Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey
| | - Mira Aničić Urošević
- Institute of Physics Belgrade, a National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Pregrevica 118, Belgrade, 11080, Serbia
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17
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Capozzi F, Di Palma A, Adamo P, Sorrentino MC, Giordano S, Spagnuolo V. Indoor vs. outdoor airborne element array: A novel approach using moss bags to explore possible pollution sources. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 249:566-572. [PMID: 30933753 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated by the moss-bag approach the pattern of air dispersed elements in 12 coupled indoor/outdoor exposure sites, all located in urban and rural residential areas. The aims were to discriminate indoor vs. outdoor element composition in coupled exposure sites and find possible relation between moss elemental profile and specific characteristics of each exposure site. Elements were considered enriched when in 60% of the sites, post-exposure concentration exceeded pre-exposure concentration plus two folds the standard deviation. Of the 53 analyzed elements, 15 (As, B, Ca, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Mo, Ni, Sb, Se, Sn, Sr, V, Zn) were enriched in moss exposed outdoor, whereas a subset of 7 elements (As, B, Cr, Mo, Ni, Se, V) were enriched also in indoor moss samples. The cluster analysis of the sites based on all elements, clearly separated samples in two groups corresponding to mosses exposed indoor and outdoor, with the latter generally exceeding the first. Among outdoor sites, urban were most impacted than rural; whereas other factors (e.g., heating and cooking systems, building material, residence time and family life style) could affect element profile of indoor environments. Based on the indoor/outdoor ratio, As derived from outdoor and indoor sources, B, Mo and Se were enriched mostly in outdoor sites; Ni, Cr and V were specifically enriched in most indoor samples, supporting the presence of indoor emitting sources for these elements. A PCA of all indoor sites based on enriched elements and site characteristics showed that traffic affected indoor pollution in urban areas. The moss bag approach provided useful information for a global assessment of human exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Capozzi
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia 4, 80126, Napoli, Italy; Dipartimento di Agraria, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055, Portici (NA), Italy
| | - A Di Palma
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055, Portici (NA), Italy; Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), Fukushima Environmental Safety Center, 10-2, Fukasaku, Miharu-machi, Tamura-gun, Fukushima, 963-7700, Japan
| | - P Adamo
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055, Portici (NA), Italy
| | - M C Sorrentino
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia 4, 80126, Napoli, Italy
| | - S Giordano
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia 4, 80126, Napoli, Italy.
| | - V Spagnuolo
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia 4, 80126, Napoli, Italy
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18
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Cecconi E, Incerti G, Capozzi F, Adamo P, Bargagli R, Benesperi R, Candotto Carniel F, Favero-Longo SE, Giordano S, Puntillo D, Ravera S, Spagnuolo V, Tretiach M. Background element content in the lichen Pseudevernia furfuracea: a comparative analysis of digestion methods. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2019; 191:260. [PMID: 30949767 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-019-7405-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In bioaccumulation studies, the interpretation of pollutant contents in the target biomonitor has to be performed by assessing a deviation from an unaltered reference condition. A common strategy consists in the comparison with background element content (BEC) values, often built up by uncritically merging methodologically heterogeneous data. In this respect, the acid digestion of samples was identified as a major step affecting BEC data. Here, the analytical outcomes of two acid mixtures were compared on a set of matched paired samples of the lichen Pseudevernia furfuracea, a widely used biomonitor for which BEC values based on partial digestion were previously provided. The standard reference material BCR 482 (P. furfuracea) was used to validate analytical procedures consisting of either a HF total mineralization or an aqua regia partial one, both associated to ICP-MS multi-element analysis. In particular, the performance of the procedures was evaluated by comparing analytical results of field samples with the accuracy obtained on BCR aliquots (measured-to-expected percentage ratio). The total digestion showed a better performance for Al, As, Ba, Ca, Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Se, Sn, and Zn, whereas the opposite was found for Cr, Co, P, and S. Moreover, new BEC values were provided for P. furfuracea using a consolidated statistical approach, after a total sample digestion with hydrofluoric acid. The multivariate investigation of the background variability of 43 elements in 57 remote Italian sites led to the identification of geographically homogeneous areas for which BEC values are provided for use as reference in biomonitoring applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elva Cecconi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 10, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Guido Incerti
- Department of Agri-Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences (Di4A), University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Fiore Capozzi
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Paola Adamo
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Roberto Bargagli
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | | | - Fabio Candotto Carniel
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 10, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | | | | | - Domenico Puntillo
- Natural History Museum and Botanical Garden, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Sonia Ravera
- Department of Biosciences and Territory (DiBT), University of Molise, Pesche, Isernia, Italy
| | - Valeria Spagnuolo
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Mauro Tretiach
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 10, 34127, Trieste, Italy.
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19
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Tian L, Yin S, Ma Y, Kang H, Zhang X, Tan H, Meng H, Liu C. Impact factor assessment of the uptake and accumulation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by plant leaves: Morphological characteristics have the greatest impact. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 652:1149-1155. [PMID: 30586802 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have toxic, teratogenic, mutagenic and carcinogenic effects on living organisms. Plants can function as pollutant bioindicators and bioaccumulators due to their wide surface distribution and specific responses to atmospheric pollutants. However, various plants exhibit significant differences in their capacities to accumulate PAHs. At present, research has mainly focused on the effects of leaf morphology and physiological characteristics, and few studies have evaluated the effects of the leaf surface on PAH accumulation. We aimed to assess the factors impacting the uptake and accumulation of PAHs by leaves. We selected 8 common tree species in Shanghai, China, and used supercritical fluid extraction technology to determine the content of PAHs in their leaves. Specific measurements of leaf area, width/length, wax content, and stomatal density were applied to index the morphological and physiological characteristics; surface roughness, surface free energy, polar components, and dispersion components were compiled into an adsorption performance index. Principal component analysis (PCA) and canonical correlation analysis (CCA) were used to assess the effects of different leaf characteristics on PAH accumulation. We found that the mean concentrations of ΣPAHs ranged from 300 to 2000 ng·g-1 and that the proportions of different benzene rings were significantly different among the different tree species. Leaf morphology and physiological characteristics had more significant effects compared to surface adsorption. CCA showed a significant negative correlation between leaf morphological characteristics and wax content, but had no significant correlation with surface adsorption. Low-molecular-weight PAHs were found to be mainly affected by the morphological characteristics, while medium- and high-molecular-weight PAHs were influenced by wax content and adsorption. Our conclusions provide a theoretical basis for the establishment of a reliable plant atmosphere-monitoring system and a method for screening tree species with strong PAH adsorption capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Tian
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200240, China; Shanghai Urban Forest Research Station, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Shan Yin
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200240, China; Shanghai Urban Forest Research Station, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200240, China; Key Laboratory for Urban Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Yingge Ma
- Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, 508 Qinzhou Rd., Shanghai 200233, PR China; State of Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of the Formation and Prevention of Urban Air Complex, 508 Qinzhou Rd., Shanghai 200233, PR China
| | - Hongzhang Kang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200240, China; Shanghai Urban Forest Research Station, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xuyi Zhang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200240, China; Shanghai Urban Forest Research Station, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Haoxin Tan
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200240, China; Shanghai Urban Forest Research Station, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Hengyu Meng
- School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Chunjiang Liu
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200240, China; Shanghai Urban Forest Research Station, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200240, China; Key Laboratory for Urban Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200240, China
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20
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Kosior G, Samecka-Cymerman A, Brudzińska-Kosior A. Transplanted Moss Hylocomium splendens as a Bioaccumulator of Trace Elements from Different Categories of Sampling Sites in the Upper Silesia Area (SW Poland): Bulk and Dry Deposition Impact. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2018; 101:479-485. [PMID: 30206646 PMCID: PMC6154023 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-018-2429-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Concentrations of Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, K, Fe, Mn, Pb, V and Zn in transplants of Hylocomium splendens (Hedw.) Schimp. were compared with bulk deposition and dust samples from three different categories of sites: industrial, residential and their surroundings and rural (15 in total). Mosses were transplanted for 90 days to severely polluted areas of Upper Silesia, and samples of precipitation and dust were collected during the same period. Most of the significant correlations between element concentrations in mosses and bulk deposition (Cd, Ni, Pb and Zn) were found for industrial sites. In this study dry deposition carried higher element concentrations than bulk deposition, which may result in the higher passive capture of particulate matter by mosses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Kosior
- Department of Ecology, Biogeochemistry and Environmental Protection, Wrocław University, ul. Kanonia 6/8, 50-328, Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Aleksandra Samecka-Cymerman
- Department of Ecology, Biogeochemistry and Environmental Protection, Wrocław University, ul. Kanonia 6/8, 50-328, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Anna Brudzińska-Kosior
- Department of Ecology, Biogeochemistry and Environmental Protection, Wrocław University, ul. Kanonia 6/8, 50-328, Wrocław, Poland
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Sorrentino MC, Capozzi F, Giordano S, Spagnuolo V. Genotoxic effect of Pb and Cd on in vitro cultures of Sphagnum palustre: An evaluation by ISSR markers. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 181:208-215. [PMID: 28441611 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.04.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, the genotoxic effect of cadmium and lead supplied in a laboratory trial, was investigated for the first time in the moss Sphagnum palustre, by ISSR molecular markers. A total of 169 reproducible bands were obtained with 12 primers, ten of which gave polymorphisms (i.e., appearance/disappearance of bands), indicating a clear genotoxic effect induced by the metals. Both metals induced a decrease of the genome template stability in a dose dependent manner. At concentration >10-5 Cd also induced a general toxic effect in S. palustre, leading to chlorophyll degradation and moss death. Moreover, we followed the fate of supplied heavy metals into the moss tissue by SEM-EDX to see if they entered the cells. SEM-EDX observations on moss cultures treated with equimolar concentrations of the two metals showed that most Pb precipitated in form of particles on moss surface, while Cd did not aggregate in particles and was not found on moss surface. In light of these findings, we concluded that probably Pb induced a genotoxic effect at lower intracellular concentrations than Cd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cristina Sorrentino
- Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Dipartimento di Biologia, Via Cinthia 4, 80126, Napoli, Italy
| | - Fiore Capozzi
- Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Dipartimento di Biologia, Via Cinthia 4, 80126, Napoli, Italy
| | - Simonetta Giordano
- Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Dipartimento di Biologia, Via Cinthia 4, 80126, Napoli, Italy.
| | - Valeria Spagnuolo
- Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Dipartimento di Biologia, Via Cinthia 4, 80126, Napoli, Italy
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22
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Hofman J, Maher BA, Muxworthy AR, Wuyts K, Castanheiro A, Samson R. Biomagnetic Monitoring of Atmospheric Pollution: A Review of Magnetic Signatures from Biological Sensors. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:6648-6664. [PMID: 28541679 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b00832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Biomagnetic monitoring of atmospheric pollution is a growing application in the field of environmental magnetism. Particulate matter (PM) in atmospheric pollution contains readily measurable concentrations of magnetic minerals. Biological surfaces, exposed to atmospheric pollution, accumulate magnetic particles over time, providing a record of location-specific, time-integrated air quality information. This review summarizes current knowledge of biological material ("sensors") used for biomagnetic monitoring purposes. Our work addresses the following: the range of magnetic properties reported for lichens, mosses, leaves, bark, trunk wood, insects, crustaceans, mammal and human tissues; their associations with atmospheric pollutant species (PM, NOx, trace elements, PAHs); the pros and cons of biomagnetic monitoring of atmospheric pollution; current challenges for large-scale implementation of biomagnetic monitoring; and future perspectives. A summary table is presented, with the aim of aiding researchers and policy makers in selecting the most suitable biological sensor for their intended biomagnetic monitoring purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelle Hofman
- Laboratory of Environmental and Urban Ecology, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp , Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Barbara A Maher
- Centre for Environmental Magnetism & Paleomagnetism, Lancaster Environment Centre, University of Lancaster , Lancaster LA1 4YW, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian R Muxworthy
- Natural Magnetism Group, Department of Earth Science and Engineering, Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Karen Wuyts
- Laboratory of Environmental and Urban Ecology, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp , Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ana Castanheiro
- Laboratory of Environmental and Urban Ecology, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp , Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Roeland Samson
- Laboratory of Environmental and Urban Ecology, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp , Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
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Vuković G, Urošević MA, Škrivanj S, Vergel K, Tomašević M, Popović A. The first survey of airborne trace elements at airport using moss bag technique. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:15107-15115. [PMID: 28493193 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9140-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Air traffic represents an important way of social mobility in the world, and many ongoing discussions are related to the impacts that air transportation has on local air quality. In this study, moss Sphagnum girgensohnii was used for the first time in the assessment of trace element content at the international airport. The moss bags were exposed during the summer of 2013 at four sampling sites at the airport 'Nikola Tesla' (Belgrade, Serbia): runway (two), auxiliary runway and parking lot. According to the relative accumulation factor (RAF) and the limit of quantification of the moss bag technique (LOQT), the most abundant elements in the samples were Zn, Na, Cr, V, Cu and Fe. A comparison between the element concentrations at the airport and the corresponding values in different land use classes (urban central, suburban, industrial and green zones) across the city of Belgrade did not point out that the air traffic and associated activities significantly contribute to the trace element air pollution. This study emphasised an easy operational and robust (bio)monitoring, using moss bags as a suitable method for assessment of air quality within various microenvironments with restriction in positioning referent instrumental devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordana Vuković
- Institute of Physics, University of Belgrade, Pregrevica 118, Belgrade, 11080, Serbia.
| | - Mira Aničić Urošević
- Institute of Physics, University of Belgrade, Pregrevica 118, Belgrade, 11080, Serbia
| | - Sandra Škrivanj
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Konstantin Vergel
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Joliot Curie 6, Dubna, Russian Federation, 141980
| | - Milica Tomašević
- Institute of Physics, University of Belgrade, Pregrevica 118, Belgrade, 11080, Serbia
| | - Aleksandar Popović
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
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Capozzi F, Adamo P, Di Palma A, Aboal JR, Bargagli R, Fernandez JA, Lopez Mahia P, Reski R, Tretiach M, Spagnuolo V, Giordano S. Sphagnum palustre clone vs native Pseudoscleropodium purum: A first trial in the field to validate the future of the moss bag technique. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 225:323-328. [PMID: 28262376 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.02.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Although a large body of literature exists on the use of transplanted mosses for biomonitoring of air pollution, no article has addressed so far the use and the accumulation performance of a cloned moss for this purpose. In this work, a direct comparison of metal accumulation between bags filled with a Sphagnum palustre L. clone or with native Pseudoscleropodium purum Hedw., one of the most used moss species in biomonitoring surveys, was investigated. The test was performed in sites with different atmospheric contamination levels selected in urban, industrial, agricultural and background areas of Italy and Spain. Among the eighteen elements investigated, S. palustre was significantly enriched in 10 elements (Al, Ba, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Pb, Sr, V and Zn), while P. purum was enriched only in 6 elements (Al, Ba, Cu, Hg, Pb and Sr), and had a consistently lower uptake capacity than S. palustre. The clone proved to be more sensitive in terms of metal uptake and showed a better performance as a bioaccumulator, providing a higher accumulation signal and allowing a finer distinction among the different land uses and levels of pollution. The excellent uptake performance of the S. palustre clone compared to the native P. purum and its low and stable baseline elemental content, evidenced in this work, are key features for the improvement of the moss bag approach and its large scale application.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Capozzi
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Campus Monte S. Angelo, Via Cinthia 4, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - P Adamo
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università, 100, 80055 Portici (NA), Italy
| | - A Di Palma
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università, 100, 80055 Portici (NA), Italy
| | - J R Aboal
- Department of Functional Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - R Bargagli
- Department of Physical Sciences, Earth and Environment, University of Siena, Via P.A. Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - J A Fernandez
- Department of Functional Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - P Lopez Mahia
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of A Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain
| | - R Reski
- Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestraße 1, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; BIOSS - Centre for Biological Signalling Research, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestr. 18, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - M Tretiach
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 10, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - V Spagnuolo
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Campus Monte S. Angelo, Via Cinthia 4, 80126 Naples, Italy.
| | - S Giordano
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Campus Monte S. Angelo, Via Cinthia 4, 80126 Naples, Italy
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Di Palma A, Capozzi F, Spagnuolo V, Giordano S, Adamo P. Atmospheric particulate matter intercepted by moss-bags: Relations to moss trace element uptake and land use. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 176:361-368. [PMID: 28273543 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.02.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Particulate matter has to be constantly monitored because it is an important atmospheric transport form of potentially harmful contaminants. The cost-effective method of the moss-bags can be employed to evaluate both loads and chemical composition of PM. PM entrapped by the moss Pseudoscleropodium purum exposed in bags in 9 European sites was characterized for number, size and chemical composition by SEM/EDX. Moreover, moss elemental uptake of 53 elements including rare earth elements was estimated by ICP-MS analysis. All above was aimed to find possible relations between PM profile and moss uptake and to find out eventual element markers of the different land use (i.e. agricultural, urban, industrial) of the selected sites. After exposure, about 12,000 particles, mostly within the inhalable fraction, were counted on P. purum leaves; their number generally increased from the agricultural sites to the urban and industrial ones. ICP analysis indicated that twenty-three elements were significantly accumulated by mosses with different element profile according to the various land uses. The PM from agricultural sites were mainly made of natural/crustal elements or derived from rural activities. Industrial-related PM covered a wider range of sources, from those linked to specific industrial activities, to those related to manufacturing processes or use of heavy-duty vehicles. This study indicates a close association between PM amount and moss element-uptake, which increases in parallel with PM amount. Precious metals and REEs may constitute novel markers of air pollution in urban and agricultural sites, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Di Palma
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca Ambiente (CIRAM), Università di Napoli Federico II, via Mezzocannone, 16, 80132 Napoli, Italy; Dipartimento di Agraria, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, NA, Italy
| | - Fiore Capozzi
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca Ambiente (CIRAM), Università di Napoli Federico II, via Mezzocannone, 16, 80132 Napoli, Italy; Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cinthia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Valeria Spagnuolo
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca Ambiente (CIRAM), Università di Napoli Federico II, via Mezzocannone, 16, 80132 Napoli, Italy; Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cinthia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Simonetta Giordano
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca Ambiente (CIRAM), Università di Napoli Federico II, via Mezzocannone, 16, 80132 Napoli, Italy; Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cinthia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Paola Adamo
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca Ambiente (CIRAM), Università di Napoli Federico II, via Mezzocannone, 16, 80132 Napoli, Italy; Dipartimento di Agraria, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, NA, Italy
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Incerti G, Cecconi E, Capozzi F, Adamo P, Bargagli R, Benesperi R, Carniel FC, Cristofolini F, Giordano S, Puntillo D, Spagnuolo V, Tretiach M. Infraspecific variability in baseline element composition of the epiphytic lichen Pseudevernia furfuracea in remote areas: implications for biomonitoring of air pollution. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:8004-8016. [PMID: 28132191 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-8486-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The epiphytic lichen Pseudevernia furfuracea is widely used as biomonitor of airborne trace elements and other contaminants and consists of two taxonomic varieties (var. furfuracea and var. ceratea). Here, we assessed the occurrence of inter-varietal differences in the elemental composition of paired samples of var. furfuracea and var. ceratea collected in 20 remote sites of Italian mountains. The concentration of 40 elements was measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy, after digestion with HNO3 and aqua regia. The magnitude of inter-varietal differences compared to the effect of large-scale site-dependent environmental factors (i.e., lithological substrate, host tree species, and altitude) on overall element content was explored by multivariate analysis techniques and tested by generalized linear mixed modeling (GLMM). Further GLMMs were separately fitted for each element testing taxonomic-related variability against uncertainty associated to the analytical procedure. Inter-varietal differences were statistically significant only for Hg and P, with higher content in var. ceratea at most sites, and for Mg and Zn, showing the opposite pattern. Since the elemental composition of P. furfuracea in remote sites was mostly affected by local lithology and climatic conditions, our results confirm that lichen material for active biomonitoring should be collected in a single ecologically homogeneous remote area. We also indicate sites in the Eastern Alps where P. furfuracea showed the minimum content of most elements, which are suggested as locations to collect lichen material for transplants. Besides the context-dependency at large spatial scale, variations of elemental composition apparently related to taxonomy, could possibly be due to unequal incidence of morphological traits of the collected material. Further research is needed to clarify this issue, and how it affects bioaccumulation phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Incerti
- Department of Agri-Food, Animal and Environmental Sciences (DI4A), University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Elva Cecconi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Fiore Capozzi
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Paola Adamo
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Roberto Bargagli
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | | | | | - Fabiana Cristofolini
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | | | - Domenico Puntillo
- Natural History Museum and Botanical Garden, University of Calabria, Calabria, Italy
| | - Valeria Spagnuolo
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Mauro Tretiach
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.
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Spagnuolo V, Figlioli F, De Nicola F, Capozzi F, Giordano S. Tracking the route of phenanthrene uptake in mosses: An experimental trial. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 575:1066-1073. [PMID: 27693154 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.09.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In recent decades, mosses have been used as native species or as transplants in monitoring a wide range of pollutants from inorganic (i.e. metals and metalloids) to organic contaminants (mainly polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons-PAHs). To implement the use of mosses as biomonitors of PAHs, one important issue is the study of the interactions between these compounds and moss tissues. In this study we investigated the mode of phenanthrene uptake in four moss species (Amblystegium humile, Plagiomnium affine, Hypnum cupressiforme and a clone of Sphagnum palustre) and its movements from air to plant surface and within the biomonitors, using fluorescent and confocal microscopy. The target compound, partitioned between gas and particulate phase depending on air conditions, was selected since it is one of the most abundant PAHs released into the atmosphere. Our findings support the hypothesis that phenanthrene aggregates in particles and in this form it is chiefly intercepted and uptaken onto moss surfaces, albeit with different frequency in the four species, with S. palustre>H. cupressiforme>P. affine=A. humile. Phenanthrene enters the dead, empty hyalocysts of S. palustre. Specific surface area and composition, frequency and distribution of binding groups may also explain the different ability of phenanthrene uptake by the four moss species.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Spagnuolo
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - F Figlioli
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - F De Nicola
- Dipartimento delle Scienze e Tecnologie (DST), Università degli Studi del Sannio, via Port'Arsa 11, 82100 Benevento, Italy
| | - F Capozzi
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy; Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca Ambiente (CIRAM), Università di Napoli Federico II, via Mezzocannone, 16, 80132 Napoli, Italy
| | - S Giordano
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy.
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Ares A, Varela Z, Aboal JR, Carballeira A, Fernández JA. Active biomonitoring with the moss Pseudoscleropodium purum: Comparison between different types of transplants and bulk deposition. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2015; 120:74-79. [PMID: 26036418 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Revised: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Active biomonitoring with terrestrial mosses can be used to complement traditional air pollution monitoring techniques. Several studies have been carried out to compare the uptake capacity of different types of moss transplants. However, until now the relationship between the uptake of elements in devitalized moss bags and in irrigated transplants has not been explored. In this study, the final concentrations of Cd, Cu, Hg, Pb and Zn were determined in irrigated and devitalized moss transplants in the surroundings of a steelworks. The concentrations were also compared with those of the same elements in the bulk deposition to determine which type of moss transplant yields the closest correlations. Devitalized moss retained higher concentrations of all of the elements (except Hg) than the irrigated moss. Both irrigated and devitalized moss transplants appear to detect the same type of contamination (i.e. particulate matter and dissolved metals rather than gaseous forms) as significant correlations were found for Cu, Hg, Pb and Zn, whereas, neither type of the moss transplant was sensitive enough to detect changes in the soluble fraction load of bulk deposition. Further studies will be needed to a better understanding of the correlation between the concentrations of elements in moss transplants with the particulate fraction of the bulk deposition. This will enable the establishment of a more robust and accurate biomonitoring tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ares
- Área de Ecología, Departamento de Biología Celular y Ecología, Facultad de Biología, University Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Z Varela
- Área de Ecología, Departamento de Biología Celular y Ecología, Facultad de Biología, University Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - J R Aboal
- Área de Ecología, Departamento de Biología Celular y Ecología, Facultad de Biología, University Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - A Carballeira
- Área de Ecología, Departamento de Biología Celular y Ecología, Facultad de Biología, University Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - J A Fernández
- Área de Ecología, Departamento de Biología Celular y Ecología, Facultad de Biología, University Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Vuković G, Urošević MA, Goryainova Z, Pergal M, Škrivanj S, Samson R, Popović A. Active moss biomonitoring for extensive screening of urban air pollution: Magnetic and chemical analyses. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 521-522:200-210. [PMID: 25839179 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.03.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Revised: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this study, active magnetic biomonitoring of moss for particulate air pollution and an assessment of heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were performed for the entire metropolitan area of Belgrade. Two mosses, Sphagnum girgensohnii (a species of the most recommended biomonitoring moss genus) and Hypnum cupressiforme (a common moss in the study area), were used. During the summer of 2013, moss bags were exposed at 153 sampling sites, forming a dense network of sites. A type II regression model was applied to test the interchangeable use of the two moss species. Significantly higher levels of all measured pollutants were recorded by S. girgensohnii in comparison with H. cupressiforme. Based on the results, the mosses could not be interchangeably used in urban areas, except for the biomonitoring of Cu. Nevertheless, according to the relative accumulation factors obtained for both moss species, similar city zones related to high, moderate and low levels of air pollution were distinguished. Moreover, new pollution hotspots, omitted by regulatory monitoring, were identified. The results demonstrate that moss magnetic analysis represents an effective first step for obtaining an overview of particulate air pollution before more expensive chemical analyses. Active moss biomonitoring could be applied as a pragmatic approach for optimizing the representativeness of regulatory monitoring networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordana Vuković
- Institute of Physics, University of Belgrade, Pregrevica 118, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mira Aničić Urošević
- Institute of Physics, University of Belgrade, Pregrevica 118, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Zoya Goryainova
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Joliot Curie 6, 141980 Dubna, Russian Federation
| | - Miodrag Pergal
- The Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sandra Škrivanj
- The Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Roeland Samson
- Department of Bio-science Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Aleksandar Popović
- The Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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Calabrese S, D'Alessandro W, Bellomo S, Brusca L, Martin RS, Saiano F, Parello F. Characterization of the Etna volcanic emissions through an active biomonitoring technique (moss-bags): part 1--major and trace element composition. CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 119:1447-1455. [PMID: 25262949 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.08.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Revised: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 08/31/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Active biomonitoring using moss-bags was applied to an active volcanic environment for the first time. Bioaccumulation originating from atmospheric deposition was evaluated by exposing mixtures of washed and air-dried mosses (Sphagnum species) at 24 sites on Mt. Etna volcano (Italy). Concentrations of major and a large suite of trace elements were analysed by inductively coupled mass and optical spectrometry (ICP-MS and ICP-OES) after total acid digestion. Of the 49 elements analysed those which closely reflect summit volcanic emissions were S, Tl, Bi, Se, Cd, As, Cu, B, Na, Fe, Al. Enrichment factors and cluster analysis allowed clear distinction between volcanogenic, geogenic and anthropogenic inputs that affect the local atmospheric deposition. This study demonstrates that active biomonitoring with moss-bags is a suitable and robust technique for implementing inexpensive monitoring in scarcely accessible and harsh volcanic environments, giving time-averaged quantitative results of the local exposure to volcanic emissions. This task is especially important in the study area because the summit area of Mt. Etna is visited by nearly one hundred thousand tourists each year who are exposed to potentially harmful volcanic emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Calabrese
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra e del Mare (DiSTeM), Università degli Studi di Palermo, via Archirafi 36, 90123 Palermo, Italy.
| | - W D'Alessandro
- Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV), Sezione di Palermo, via La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy
| | - S Bellomo
- Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV), Sezione di Palermo, via La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy
| | - L Brusca
- Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV), Sezione di Palermo, via La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy
| | - R S Martin
- Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, CB2 3EN Cambridge, UK
| | - F Saiano
- Dipartimento Scienze Agrarie e Forestali (SAF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, viale delle scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - F Parello
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra e del Mare (DiSTeM), Università degli Studi di Palermo, via Archirafi 36, 90123 Palermo, Italy
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Spagnuolo V, Giordano S, Pérez-Llamazares A, Ares A, Carballeira A, Fernández JA, Aboal JR. Distinguishing metal bioconcentration from particulate matter in moss tissue: testing methods of removing particles attached to the moss surface. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2013; 463-464:727-33. [PMID: 23850663 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.05.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Revised: 05/20/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2013] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Accurate differentiation of the proportion of bioconcentrated metals (i.e. incorporated into cells) and the proportion that is not bioconcentrated (i.e. adsorbed at the surface) would lead to a better understanding of the uptake processes and would represent an advance in the use of mosses as biomonitors. Traditionally the methods used to remove contaminants that are not bioconcentrated were to wash the plant material with water or to apply the sequential elution technique, but nowadays both options are considered inaccurate for these purposes. The remaining possibilities are to clean the moss samples with a nitrogen jet or by power ultrasound. Samples of terrestrial moss Pseudoscleropodium purum (Hewd.) Fleisch. were collected from five sampling stations. Different nitrogen jet cleaning procedures and ultrasound cleaning procedures were applied to the mosses. To determine whether any of the treatments altered the membrane integrity of the moss samples, the concentrations of K were determined. The shoots were observed under a scanning electron microscope, and the size and number of particles were determined. Nitrogen jet cleaning was determined to be unacceptable because it damaged the phyllids and/or altered the membrane permeability and did not eliminate the particles from the moss surface. Moreover, ultrasound cleaning treatment should also discarded because of the loss of extracellular metals that are transferred to the water in which the moss is cleaned.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Spagnuolo
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia 4, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
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Vuković G, Aničić Urošević M, Razumenić I, Goryainova Z, Frontasyeva M, Tomašević M, Popović A. Active moss biomonitoring of small-scale spatial distribution of airborne major and trace elements in the Belgrade urban area. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 20:5461-5470. [PMID: 23430735 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-013-1561-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2012] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In urban environments, human exposure to air pollutants is expected to be significantly increased, especially near busy traffic streets, street canyons, tunnels, etc. where urban topography and microclimate may additionally cause poor air conditions giving rise to pollution hotspots. As a practical and cost-effective approach, active moss biomonitoring survey of some major and trace element air pollution was performed in the Belgrade street canyons and city tunnel in 2011 with the aim to evaluate possibility of using Sphagnum girgensohnii moss bags for investigation of the small-scale vertical and horizontal distribution patterns of the elements. In five street canyons, the moss bags were hung at heights of about 4, 8 and 16 m, during 10 weeks, and also, for the same time, the moss bags were exposed in the tunnel, in front of and out of it. After the exposure period, the concentrations of Al, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Pb, Sr, V and Zn in the moss were determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. According to the results, in all street canyons, the vertical distribution patterns of the moss elements concentration (Al, Ba, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Sr, V and Zn) showed statistically significant decrease from the first to the third heights of bags exposure. In the tunnel experiment, from inner to out of the tunnel, for Al, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K and Zn, decreasing trend of concentrations was obtained. Significantly higher concentration of the elements was pronounced for the tunnel in comparison with the street canyons. The results indicate that the use of S. girgensohnii moss bags is a simple, sensitive and inexpensive way to monitor the small-scale inner city spatial distribution of airborne major and trace element content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordana Vuković
- Institute of Physics, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Saitanis CJ, Frontasyeva MV, Steinnes E, Palmer MW, Ostrovnaya TM, Gundorina SF. Spatiotemporal distribution of airborne elements monitored with the moss bags technique in the Greater Thriasion Plain, Attica, Greece. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2013; 185:955-968. [PMID: 22488660 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-012-2606-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2011] [Accepted: 03/15/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The well-known moss bags technique was applied in the heavily polluted Thriasion Plain region, Attica, Greece, in order to study the spatiotemporal distribution, in the atmosphere, of the following 32 elements: Na, Al, Cl, Ca, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Co, Zn, As, Se, Br, Sr, Mo, Sb, I, Ba, La, Ce, Sm, Tb, Dy, Yb, Hf, Ta, Hg, Th, and U. The moss bags were constituted of Sphagnum girgensohnii materials. The bags were exposed to ambient air in a network of 12 monitoring stations scattered throughout the monitoring area. In order to explore the temporal variation of the pollutants, four sets of moss bags were exposed for 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. Instrumental neutral activation analysis was used for the determinations of the elements. The data were analyzed using the Pearson correlations, the partial redundancy analysis, and the biplot statistical methods. Some pairs of elements were highly correlated indicating a probable common source of origin. The levels of the measured pollutants were unevenly distributed throughout the area and different pollutants exhibited different spatial patterns. In general, higher loads were observed in the stations close to and within the industrial zone. Most of the measured elements (e.g., Al, Ca, Ni, I, Zn, Cr, and As) exhibited a monotonic accumulation trend over time. Some elements exhibited different dynamics. The elements Mn, Mo, and Hg showed a decreasing trend, probably due to leaching and/or volatilization processes over time. Na and Br initially showed an increasing trend during the winter and early spring periods but decreased drastically during the late warm period. The results further suggest that the moss bags technique would be considered valuable for the majority of elements but should be used with caution in the cases of elements vulnerable to leaching and/or volatilization. It also suggests that the timing and the duration of the exposure of moss materials should be considered in the interpretation of the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Saitanis
- Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75 Votanikos, 11855 Athens, Greece.
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Giordano S, Adamo P, Spagnuolo V, Tretiach M, Bargagli R. Accumulation of airborne trace elements in mosses, lichens and synthetic materials exposed at urban monitoring stations: towards a harmonisation of the moss-bag technique. CHEMOSPHERE 2013; 90:292-9. [PMID: 22901434 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2012] [Revised: 07/05/2012] [Accepted: 07/08/2012] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Mosses, lichens and cellulose filters were exposed for 17 weeks at four urban monitoring stations in Naples (S Italy) to assess the accumulation of airborne Al, As, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, K, Mg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Ti, V, and Zn. In each site, the element accumulation was significantly higher in the moss Hypnum cupressiforme than in the lichen Pseudevernia furfuracea. Acid washed mosses accumulated the highest amount of trace elements, but the differences in element concentrations among the moss samples exposed after water washing and different devitalisation treatments (acid washing, oven drying and water boiling) and between the lichen samples exposed with and without the nylon bag were not statistically significant. The cellulose filters showed the lowest accumulation capability. The reciprocal ordination of sites and exposed materials showed an increasing contamination gradient (especially for Pb, Cu and Zn) from the background site to the trafficked city streets; this pattern was undetectable from PM(10) data recorded by the automatic monitoring devices operating in the four exposure sites. The element profile in exposed materials did not change substantially throughout the urban area and particles of polluted urban soils seem the main source of airborne metals in Naples. Through a comprehensive evaluation of the results from this and previous studies, a protocol is suggested for the moss-bag monitoring of trace element deposition in urban environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Giordano
- Dipartimento di Biologia Strutturale e Funzionale, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy
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Ares A, Aboal JR, Carballeira A, Giordano S, Adamo P, Fernández JA. Moss bag biomonitoring: a methodological review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2012; 432:143-58. [PMID: 22728302 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.05.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2012] [Revised: 05/25/2012] [Accepted: 05/25/2012] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Although the moss bag technique has been used for active biomonitoring for the past 40years, there is still no standardized protocol that enables application of the technique as a tool to monitor air quality. The aim of this review paper is to evaluate the degree of standardization of each of the variables that must be considered in applying the technique (i.e. the variables associated with preparation of the moss and moss bags, exposure of the bags, and post-exposure treatment). For this purpose, 112 scientific papers that report the methods used in applying the moss bag technique were consulted. Finally, on the basis of the conclusions reached, we propose a protocol that will enable each of these variables to be investigated separately, with the final aim of developing a standardized methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ares
- Ecología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, c/ Lope Gómez de Marzoa sn 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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