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Lorenz C, Bianchi E, Alberini A, Poggiali G, Benesperi R, Papini A, Brucato JR. UV photo-degradation of the secondary lichen substance parietin: A multi-spectroscopic analysis in astrobiology perspective. Life Sci Space Res (Amst) 2024; 41:191-201. [PMID: 38670647 DOI: 10.1016/j.lssr.2024.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
The cortical anthraquinone yellow-orange pigment parietin is a secondary lichen substance providing UV-shielding properties that is produced by several lichen species. In our work, the secondary metabolite has been extracted from air-dried thalli of Xanthoria parietina. The aims of this study were to characterize parietin absorbance through UV-VIS spectrophotometry and with IR spectroscopy and to evaluate its photodegradability under UV radiation through in situ reflectance IR spectroscopy to understand to what extent the substance may have a photoprotective role. This allows us to relate parietin photo-degradability to the lichen UV tolerance in its natural terrestrial habitat and in extreme environments relevant for astrobiology such as Mars. Extracted crystals were UV irradiated for 5.59 h under N2 flux. After the UV irradiation, we assessed relevant degradations in the 1614, 1227, 1202, 1160 and 755 cm-1 bands. However, in light of Xanthoria parietina survivability in extreme conditions such as space- and Mars-simulated ones, we highlight parietin UV photo-resistance and its relevance for astrobiology as photo-protective substance and possible bio-hint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Lorenz
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126 Naples, Italy; INAF-Astrophysical Observatory of Arcetri, Largo E. Fermi 5, 50125 Florence, Italy; Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via La Pira 4, 50121 Florence, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Bianchi
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via La Pira 4, 50121 Florence, Italy
| | - Andrew Alberini
- INAF-Astrophysical Observatory of Arcetri, Largo E. Fermi 5, 50125 Florence, Italy
| | - Giovanni Poggiali
- INAF-Astrophysical Observatory of Arcetri, Largo E. Fermi 5, 50125 Florence, Italy; LESIA-Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, 5 place Jules Janssen, 92190 Meudon, France
| | - Renato Benesperi
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via La Pira 4, 50121 Florence, Italy
| | - Alessio Papini
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via La Pira 4, 50121 Florence, Italy
| | - John Robert Brucato
- INAF-Astrophysical Observatory of Arcetri, Largo E. Fermi 5, 50125 Florence, Italy.
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2
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Lorenz C, Arena C, Vitale E, Bianchi E, Poggiali G, Alemanno G, Benesperi R, Brucato JR, Garland S, Helbert J, Loppi S, Lorek A, Maturilli A, Papini A, de Vera JP, Baqué M. Resilience of Xanthoria parietina under Mars-like conditions: photosynthesis and oxidative stress response. Planta 2023; 259:25. [PMID: 38108922 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04290-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION Xanthoria parietina survivability in Mars-like conditions was supported by water-lysis efficiency recovery and antioxidant content balancing with ROS production after 30 days of exposure. Xanthoria parietina (L.) Th. Fr. is a widespread lichen showing tolerance against air pollutants and UV-radiation. It has been tested under space-like and Mars-like conditions resulting in high recovery performances. Hereby, we aim to assess the mechanisms at the basis of the thalli resilience against multiple space stress factors. Living thalli of X. parietina were exposed to simulated Martian atmospheric conditions (Dark Mars) and UV radiation (Full Mars). Then, we monitored as vitality indicator the photosynthetic efficiency, assessed by in vivo chlorophyll emission fluorescence measurements (FM; FV/F0). The physiological defense was evaluated by analyzing the thalli antioxidant capacity. The drop of FM and FV/F0 immediately after the exposure indicated a reduction of photosynthesis. After 24 h from exposure, photosynthetic efficiency began to recover suggesting the occurrence of protective mechanisms. Antioxidant concentrations were higher during the exposure, only decreasing after 30 days. The recovery of photosynthetic efficiency in both treatments suggested a strong resilience by the photosynthetic apparatus against combined space stress factors, likely due to the boosted antioxidants at the beginning and their depletion at the end of the exposure. The overall results indicated that the production of antioxidants, along with the occurrence of photoprotection mechanisms, guarantee X. parietina survivability in Mars-like environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Lorenz
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126, Naples, Italy
- INAF-Astrophysical Observatory of Arcetri, Largo E. Fermi, 5, 50125, Florence, Italy
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via La Pira 4, 50121, Florence, Italy
| | - Carmen Arena
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126, Naples, Italy.
- NBFC-National Biodiversity Future Center, 90133, Palermo, Italy.
| | - Ermenegilda Vitale
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Bianchi
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via La Pira 4, 50121, Florence, Italy
- NBFC-National Biodiversity Future Center, 90133, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giovanni Poggiali
- INAF-Astrophysical Observatory of Arcetri, Largo E. Fermi, 5, 50125, Florence, Italy
- LESIA-Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, 5 Place Jules Janssen, 92190, Meudon, France
| | - Giulia Alemanno
- Planetary Laboratories Department, Institute of Planetary Research, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Ruthefordstraße 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Renato Benesperi
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via La Pira 4, 50121, Florence, Italy
- NBFC-National Biodiversity Future Center, 90133, Palermo, Italy
| | - John Robert Brucato
- INAF-Astrophysical Observatory of Arcetri, Largo E. Fermi, 5, 50125, Florence, Italy
| | - Stephen Garland
- Planetary Laboratories Department, Institute of Planetary Research, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Ruthefordstraße 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jörn Helbert
- Planetary Laboratories Department, Institute of Planetary Research, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Ruthefordstraße 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefano Loppi
- NBFC-National Biodiversity Future Center, 90133, Palermo, Italy
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via P. A. Mattioli 4, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Andreas Lorek
- Planetary Laboratories Department, Institute of Planetary Research, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Ruthefordstraße 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alessandro Maturilli
- Planetary Laboratories Department, Institute of Planetary Research, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Ruthefordstraße 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alessio Papini
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via La Pira 4, 50121, Florence, Italy
- NBFC-National Biodiversity Future Center, 90133, Palermo, Italy
| | - Jean-Pierre de Vera
- Space Operations and Astronaut Training, Microgravity User Support Center (MUSC), German Aerospace Center (DLR), Linder Höhe, 51147, Cologne, Germany
| | - Mickaël Baqué
- Planetary Laboratories Department, Institute of Planetary Research, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Ruthefordstraße 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
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Ciani F, Fornasaro S, Benesperi R, Bianchi E, Cabassi J, Di Nuzzo L, Grifoni L, Venturi S, Costagliola P, Rimondi V. Mercury accumulation efficiency of different biomonitors in indoor environments: the case study of the Central Italian Herbarium (Florence, Italy). Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:124232-124244. [PMID: 37999838 PMCID: PMC10746580 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31105-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Biomonitoring studies are often employed to track airborne pollutants both in outdoor and indoor environments. In this study, the mercury (Hg) sorption by three biomonitors, i.e., Pinus nigra bark, Pseudovernia furfuracea lichen, and Hypnum cupressiforme moss, was investigated in controlled (indoor) conditions. In comparison to outdoor environments, controlled conditions offer the opportunity to investigate more in detail the variables (humidity, temperature, pollutants speciation, etc.) that control Hg uptake. The biomonitors were exposed in two distinct periods of the year for 2 and 12 months respectively, in the halls of the Central Italian Herbarium (Natural History Museum of the University of Florence, Italy), which are polluted by Hg, due to past plant sample treatments. The Hg sorption trend was monitored every 3 weeks by recording: (i) the Hg content in the substrata, (ii) gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) concentrations in the exposition halls, (iii) temperature, (iv) humidity, and (v) particulate matter (PM) concentrations. At the end of the experiment, Hg concentrations in the biomonitors range from 1130 ± 201 to 293 ± 45 μg kg-1 (max-min) in barks, from 3470 ± 571 to 648 ± 40 μg kg-1 in lichens, and from 3052 ± 483 to 750 ± 127 μg kg-1 in mosses. All the biomonitors showed the highest Hg accumulation after the first 3 weeks of exposure. Mercury concentrations increased over time showing a continuous accumulation during the experiments. The biomonitors demonstrated different Hg accumulation trends in response to GEM concentrations and to the different climatic conditions (temperature and humidity) of the Herbarium halls. Barks strictly reflected the gaseous Hg pollution, while lichen and moss accumulation was also influenced by the climatic conditions of the indoor environment. Mercury bound to PM seemed to provide a negligible contribution to the biomonitors final uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Ciani
- Department of Earth Science, University of Florence, Via G. La Pira 4, 50121, Florence, Italy
| | - Silvia Fornasaro
- Department of Earth Science, University of Pisa, Via Santa Maria 53, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Renato Benesperi
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via G. La Pira 4, 50121, Florence, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Bianchi
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via G. La Pira 4, 50121, Florence, Italy
| | - Jacopo Cabassi
- Institute of Geosciences and Earth Resources (IGG), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via G. La Pira 4, 50121, Florence, Italy
| | - Luca Di Nuzzo
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via G. La Pira 4, 50121, Florence, Italy
| | - Lisa Grifoni
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via G. La Pira 4, 50121, Florence, Italy
| | - Stefania Venturi
- Department of Earth Science, University of Florence, Via G. La Pira 4, 50121, Florence, Italy
- Institute of Geosciences and Earth Resources (IGG), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via G. La Pira 4, 50121, Florence, Italy
| | - Pilario Costagliola
- Department of Earth Science, University of Florence, Via G. La Pira 4, 50121, Florence, Italy
| | - Valentina Rimondi
- Department of Earth Science, University of Florence, Via G. La Pira 4, 50121, Florence, Italy.
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4
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Lorenz C, Bianchi E, Poggiali G, Alemanno G, Benesperi R, Brucato JR, Garland S, Helbert J, Loppi S, Lorek A, Maturilli A, Papini A, de Vera JP, Baqué M. Survivability of the lichen Xanthoria parietina in simulated Martian environmental conditions. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4893. [PMID: 36966209 PMCID: PMC10039903 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32008-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Xanthoria parietina (L.) Th. Fr. is a widely spread foliose lichen showing high tolerance against UV-radiation thanks to parietin, a secondary lichen substance. We exposed samples of X. parietina under simulated Martian conditions for 30 days to explore its survivability. The lichen's vitality was monitored via chlorophyll a fluorescence that gives an indication for active light reaction of photosynthesis, performing in situ and after-treatment analyses. Raman spectroscopy and TEM were used to evaluate carotenoid preservation and possible variations in the photobiont's ultrastructure respectively. Significant differences in the photo-efficiency between UV irradiated samples and dark-kept samples were observed. Fluorescence values correlated with temperature and humidity day-night cycles. The photo-efficiency recovery showed that UV irradiation caused significant effects on the photosynthetic light reaction. Raman spectroscopy showed that the carotenoid signal from UV exposed samples decreased significantly after the exposure. TEM observations confirmed that UV exposed samples were the most affected by the treatment, showing chloroplastidial disorganization in photobionts' cells. Overall, X. parietina was able to survive the simulated Mars conditions, and for this reason it may be considered as a candidate for space long-term space exposure and evaluations of the parietin photodegradability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Lorenz
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via la Pira 4, 50121, Florence, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Bianchi
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via la Pira 4, 50121, Florence, Italy
| | - Giovanni Poggiali
- LESIA-Observatoire de Paris, CNRS, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, 5 Place Jules Janssen, 92190, Meudon, France
- INAF-Astrophysical Observatory of Arcetri, Largo E. Fermi 5, 50125, Florence, Italy
| | - Giulia Alemanno
- Planetary Laboratories Department, Institute of Planetary Research, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Ruthefordstraße 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Renato Benesperi
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via la Pira 4, 50121, Florence, Italy
| | - John Robert Brucato
- INAF-Astrophysical Observatory of Arcetri, Largo E. Fermi 5, 50125, Florence, Italy.
| | - Stephen Garland
- Planetary Laboratories Department, Institute of Planetary Research, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Ruthefordstraße 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jörn Helbert
- Planetary Laboratories Department, Institute of Planetary Research, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Ruthefordstraße 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefano Loppi
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Via P. A. Mattioli 4, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Andreas Lorek
- Planetary Laboratories Department, Institute of Planetary Research, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Ruthefordstraße 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alessandro Maturilli
- Planetary Laboratories Department, Institute of Planetary Research, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Ruthefordstraße 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alessio Papini
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via la Pira 4, 50121, Florence, Italy
| | - Jean-Pierre de Vera
- Microgravity User Support Center (MUSC), Space Operations and Astronaut Training, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Linder Höhe, 51147, Cologne, Germany
| | - Mickaël Baqué
- Planetary Laboratories Department, Institute of Planetary Research, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Ruthefordstraße 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
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5
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Ravera S, Puglisi M, Vizzini A, Totti C, Aleffi M, Bacilliere G, Benesperi R, Bianchi E, Boccardo F, Bolpagni R, von Brackel W, Canali G, Celli G, Cogoni A, De Giuseppe AB, Di Natale S, Di Nuzzo L, Dovana F, Gheza G, Giordani P, Giorgi CM, Giugia D, Iberite M, Isocrono D, Malíček J, Mayrhofer H, Muscioni M, Nascimbene J, Nimis PL, Ongaro S, Passalacqua NG, Piccardo P, Poponessi S, Prieto Álvaro M, Prosser F, Puntillo D, Santi F, Scassellati E, Schultz M, Sciandrello S, Sicoli G, Soldano A, Tiburtini M, Vallese C. Notulae to the Italian flora of algae, bryophytes, fungi and lichens: 14. IB 2022. [DOI: 10.3897/italianbotanist.14.95956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this contribution, new data concerning bryophytes, fungi and lichens of the Italian flora are presented. It includes new records and confirmations for the algal genus Chara, for the bryophyte genera Bryum, Grimmia, Cephaloziella, Hypnum, Nogopterium, Physcomitrium, Polytrichastrum, Rhynchostegiella, Saelania, and Schistostega, the fungal genera Cortinarius, Lentinellus, Omphalina, and Xerophorus, and the lichen genera Acarospora, Agonimia, Candelariella, Cladonia, Graphis, Gyalolechia, Hypogymnia, Lichinella, Megalaria, Nephroma, Ochrolechia, Opegrapha, Peltigera, Placidium, Ramalina, Rhizoplaca, Ropalospora, Strangospora, Toniniopsis, Usnea, and Zahlbrucknerella.
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6
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Mugnai M, Benesperi R, Viciani D, Ferretti G, Giunti M, Giannini F, Lazzaro L. Impacts of the Invasive Alien Carpobrotus spp. on Coastal Habitats on a Mediterranean Island (Giglio Island, Central Italy). Plants (Basel) 2022; 11:plants11202802. [PMID: 36297826 PMCID: PMC9609148 DOI: 10.3390/plants11202802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Carpobrotus acinaciformis and C. edulis are well-known invasive alien plants native to South Africa, whose detrimental effects on native communities are widely documented in the Mediterranean basin and thus largely managed in coastal ecosystems. Most of the literature on these species focuses on their impacts on habitats of sandy coastal dunes, while the effects of Carpobrotus spp. invasion on other habitats such as rocky cliffs and coastal scrubs and garrigues are almost neglected. We present a study case conducted on a small Mediterranean island where Carpobrotus spp. invaded three different natural habitats listed within the Habitat Directive 92/43/CEE (Natura 2000 codes 1240, 1430, and 5320). We surveyed the presence and abundance of native species and Carpobrotus spp. on 44 permanent square plots of 4 m2 in invaded and uninvaded areas in each of the three habitats. We found impacts on plant alpha diversity (intended as the species diversity within each sampled plot) in all the habitats investigated in terms of a decrease in species richness, Shannon index, and abundance. Invaded communities also showed a severe change in species composition with a strong homogenization of the floras of the three habitats. Finally, the negative effect of invasion emerged even through the analyses of beta diversity (expressing the species diversity among sampled plots of the same habitat type), with Carpobrotus spp. replacing a large set of native species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Mugnai
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via La Pira 4, 50121 Firenze, Italy
| | - Renato Benesperi
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via La Pira 4, 50121 Firenze, Italy
| | - Daniele Viciani
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via La Pira 4, 50121 Firenze, Italy
| | - Giulio Ferretti
- University Museum System, Botanical Garden “Giardino dei Semplici”, University of Florence, Via Micheli 3, 50121 Firenze, Italy
| | - Michele Giunti
- Nature and Environment Management Operators s.r.l., Piazza M. D’Azeglio 11, 50121 Firenze, Italy
| | | | - Lorenzo Lazzaro
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via La Pira 4, 50121 Firenze, Italy
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7
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Di Nuzzo L, Benesperi R, Nascimbene J, Papini A, Malaspina P, Incerti G, Giordani P. Little time left. Microrefuges may fail in mitigating the effects of climate change on epiphytic lichens. Sci Total Environ 2022; 825:153943. [PMID: 35189219 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is already causing considerable reductions in biodiversity in all terrestrial ecosystems. These consequences are expected to be exacerbated in biomes that are particularly exposed to change, such as those in the Mediterranean, and in certain groups of more sensitive organisms, such as epiphytic lichens. These poikylohydric organisms find suitable light and water conditions on trunks under the tree canopy. Despite their small size, epiphytic communities contribute significantly to the functionality of forest ecosystems. In this work, we surveyed epiphytic lichen communities in a Mediterranean area (Sardinia, Italy) and hypothesized that 1) the effect of microclimate on lichens at tree scale is mediated by the functional traits of these organisms and that 2) micro-refuge trees with certain morphological characteristics can mitigate the negative effects of future climate change. Results confirm the first hypothesis, while the second is only partially supported, suggesting that the capability of specific trees to host specific conditions may not be sufficient to maintain the diversity and ecosystem functionality of lichen communities in the Mediterranean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Di Nuzzo
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via La Pira 4, 50121 Florence, Italy
| | - Renato Benesperi
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via La Pira 4, 50121 Florence, Italy.
| | - Juri Nascimbene
- BIOME Lab, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 42, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessio Papini
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via La Pira 4, 50121 Florence, Italy
| | | | - Guido Incerti
- Department of Agri-Food, Animal and Environmental Sciences, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
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8
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Ravera S, Vizzini A, Puglisi M, Assini S, Benesperi R, Bianchi E, Boccardo F, Bottegoni F, von Brackel W, Clericuzio M, Darmostuk V, De Giuseppe AB, Di Nuzzo L, Dovana F, Galli R, Gheza G, Giordani P, Guttová A, Isocrono D, Malíček J, Martellos S, Mayrhofer H, Nascimbene J, Nimis PL, Paoli L, Passalacqua NG, Prosser F, Puntillo D, Seggi L, Sicoli G, Timdal E, Trabucco R, Vallese C. Notulae to the Italian flora of algae, bryophytes, fungi and lichens: 13. IB 2022. [DOI: 10.3897/italianbotanist.13.82155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In this contribution, new data concerning bryophytes, fungi and lichens of the Italian flora are presented. It includes new records and confirmations for the bryophyte genera Bryum, Cryphaea, Didymodon, and Grimmia; the fungal genera Bryostigma, Cercidospora, Conocybe, Cortinarius, Endococcus, Inocybe, Psathyrella, and Sphaerellothecium; the lichen genera Agonimia, Anisomeridium, Bilimbia, Diplotomma, Gyalecta, Huneckia, Lecidella, Lempholemma, Myriolecis, Nephroma, Pannaria, Pycnothelia, Pyrrhospora, Rinodina, Stereocaulon, Thalloidima, Trapelia, Usnea, Variospora, and Verrucaria.
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9
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Ravera S, Puglisi M, Vizzini A, Aleffi M, Benesperi R, Decarli GB, Berta G, Bianchi E, Boccardo F, Briozzo I, Clericuzio M, Cogoni A, Croce A, Dagnino D, De Agostini A, De Giuseppe AB, Di Nuzzo L, Dovana F, Fačkovcová Z, Gheza G, Loppi S, Malicek J, Mariotti M, Nascimbene J, Nimis PL, Paoli L, Passalacqua NG, Plášek V, Poponessi S, Prosser F, Puntillo D, Puntillo M, Rovito S, Sguazzin F, Sicoli G, Tiburtini M, Tomaselli V, Turcato C, Vallese C. Notulae to the Italian flora of algae, bryophytes, fungi and lichens: 11. IB 2021. [DOI: 10.3897/italianbotanist.11.64557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In this contribution, new data concerning bryophytes, fungi, and lichens of the Italian flora are presented. It includes new records and confirmations for the bryophyte genera Aneura, Aulacomnium, Dumortiera, Fossombronia, Hennediella, Hygrohypnella, Pohlia, Porella, Riccardia, Tortella, and Tortula, the fungal genera Cortinarius, Mycena, Naucoria, Trichoglossum, and Tubaria and the lichen genera Agonimia, Blastenia, Chaenotheca, Cladonia, Endocarpon, Gyalecta, Lecanographa, Parmeliella, Porpidia, Stenhammarella, and Thelidium.
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10
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Ellis CJ, Asplund J, Benesperi R, Branquinho C, Di Nuzzo L, Hurtado P, Martínez I, Matos P, Nascimbene J, Pinho P, Prieto M, Rocha B, Rodríguez-Arribas C, Thüs H, Giordani P. Functional Traits in Lichen Ecology: A Review of Challenge and Opportunity. Microorganisms 2021; 9:766. [PMID: 33917569 PMCID: PMC8067525 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9040766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Community ecology has experienced a major transition, from a focus on patterns in taxonomic composition, to revealing the processes underlying community assembly through the analysis of species functional traits. The power of the functional trait approach is its generality, predictive capacity such as with respect to environmental change, and, through linkage of response and effect traits, the synthesis of community assembly with ecosystem function and services. Lichens are a potentially rich source of information about how traits govern community structure and function, thereby creating opportunity to better integrate lichens into 'mainstream' ecological studies, while lichen ecology and conservation can also benefit from using the trait approach as an investigative tool. This paper brings together a range of author perspectives to review the use of traits in lichenology, particularly with respect to European ecosystems from the Mediterranean to the Arctic-Alpine. It emphasizes the types of traits that lichenologists have used in their studies, both response and effect, the bundling of traits towards the evolution of life-history strategies, and the critical importance of scale (both spatial and temporal) in functional trait ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Johan Asplund
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 5003 NO-1432 Ås, Norway;
| | - Renato Benesperi
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Firenze, Via la Pira, 450121 Florence, Italy; (R.B.); (L.D.N.)
| | - Cristina Branquinho
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, C2, Piso 5, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; (C.B.); (P.P.); (B.R.)
| | - Luca Di Nuzzo
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Firenze, Via la Pira, 450121 Florence, Italy; (R.B.); (L.D.N.)
| | - Pilar Hurtado
- Área de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Departamento de Biología, Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, ESCET, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28933 Móstoles, Spain; (P.H.); (I.M.); marí (M.P.); (C.R.-A.)
- Departamento de Biología (Botánica), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, c/Darwin, 2, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Martínez
- Área de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Departamento de Biología, Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, ESCET, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28933 Móstoles, Spain; (P.H.); (I.M.); marí (M.P.); (C.R.-A.)
| | - Paula Matos
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Juri Nascimbene
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Pedro Pinho
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, C2, Piso 5, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; (C.B.); (P.P.); (B.R.)
| | - María Prieto
- Área de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Departamento de Biología, Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, ESCET, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28933 Móstoles, Spain; (P.H.); (I.M.); marí (M.P.); (C.R.-A.)
| | - Bernardo Rocha
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, C2, Piso 5, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; (C.B.); (P.P.); (B.R.)
| | - Clara Rodríguez-Arribas
- Área de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Departamento de Biología, Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, ESCET, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28933 Móstoles, Spain; (P.H.); (I.M.); marí (M.P.); (C.R.-A.)
| | - Holger Thüs
- Botany Department, State Museum of Natural History Stuttgart, Rosenstein 1, 70191 Stuttgart, Germany;
| | - Paolo Giordani
- DIFAR, University of Genova, Viale Cembrano, 4, I-16148 Genova, Italy;
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11
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Gheza G, Nuzzo LD, Vallese C, Benesperi R, Bianchi E, Cecco VD, Martino LD, Giordani P, Hafellner J, Mayrhofer H, Nimis PL, Tretiach M, Nascimbene J. The lichens of the Majella National Park (Central Italy): an annotated checklist. MycoKeys 2021; 78:119-168. [PMID: 33854403 PMCID: PMC8021542 DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.78.62362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The botanical exploration of the Majella National Park has a long tradition dating back to the eighteenth century. However, the lichen biota of this area is still poorly investigated. To provide a baseline for future investigations, in this annotated checklist, we summarised all available information on the occurrence of lichens in the Majella National Park, retrieved from previous literature, herbarium material and original data produced by recent research. The checklist includes 342 infrageneric taxa. However, seven taxa are considered as dubious, thus setting the number of accepted taxa at 335, i.e. 45.8% of those currently known to occur in the Abruzzo Region. This checklist provides a baseline of the lichens known to occur in the Majella National Park, highlighting the potential of this area as a hotspot of lichen biodiversity, especially from a biogeographical point of view as indicated by the occurrence of several arctic-alpine species that form disjunct populations in the summit area of the massif.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Gheza
- BIOME Lab, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 42, 40126, Bologna, Italy University of Bologna Bologna Italy
| | - Luca Di Nuzzo
- BIOME Lab, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 42, 40126, Bologna, Italy University of Bologna Bologna Italy
| | - Chiara Vallese
- BIOME Lab, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 42, 40126, Bologna, Italy University of Bologna Bologna Italy
| | - Renato Benesperi
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via La Pira 4, 50121, Florence, Italy University of Florence Florence Italy
| | - Elisabetta Bianchi
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via La Pira 4, 50121, Florence, Italy University of Florence Florence Italy
| | - Valter Di Cecco
- Majella National Park, Via Badia 28, 67039, Sulmona, Italy Majella National Park Sulmona Italy
| | - Luciano Di Martino
- Majella National Park, Via Badia 28, 67039, Sulmona, Italy Majella National Park Sulmona Italy
| | - Paolo Giordani
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genova, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148, Genova, Italy University of Genova Genova Italy
| | - Josef Hafellner
- Division of Plant Sciences, Institute of Biology, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Holteigasse 6, 8010, Graz, Austria University of Graz Graz Austria
| | - Helmut Mayrhofer
- Division of Plant Sciences, Institute of Biology, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Holteigasse 6, 8010, Graz, Austria University of Graz Graz Austria
| | - Pier Luigi Nimis
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 10, 34127, Trieste, Italy University of Trieste Trieste Italy
| | - Mauro Tretiach
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 10, 34127, Trieste, Italy University of Trieste Trieste Italy
| | - Juri Nascimbene
- BIOME Lab, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 42, 40126, Bologna, Italy University of Bologna Bologna Italy
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12
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Di Nuzzo L, Vallese C, Benesperi R, Giordani P, Chiarucci A, Di Cecco V, Di Martino L, Di Musciano M, Gheza G, Lelli C, Spitale D, Nascimbene J. Contrasting multitaxon responses to climate change in Mediterranean mountains. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4438. [PMID: 33627718 PMCID: PMC7904820 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83866-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We explored the influence of climatic factors on diversity patterns of multiple taxa (lichens, bryophytes, and vascular plants) along a steep elevational gradient to predict communities' dynamics under future climate change scenarios in Mediterranean regions. We analysed (1) species richness patterns in terms of heat-adapted, intermediate, and cold-adapted species; (2) pairwise beta-diversity patterns, also accounting for its two different components, species replacement and richness difference; (3) the influence of climatic variables on species functional traits. Species richness is influenced by different factors between three taxonomic groups, while beta diversity differs mainly between plants and cryptogams. Functional traits are influenced by different factors in each taxonomic group. On the basis of our observations, poikilohydric cryptogams could be more impacted by climate change than vascular plants. However, contrasting species-climate and traits-climate relationships were also found between lichens and bryophytes suggesting that each group may be sensitive to different components of climate change. Our study supports the usefulness of a multi-taxon approach coupled with a species traits analysis to better unravel the response of terrestrial communities to climate change. This would be especially relevant for lichens and bryophytes, whose response to climate change is still poorly explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Di Nuzzo
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Firenze, Via la Pira 4, 50121, Florence, Italy
| | - Chiara Vallese
- Biodiversity and Macroecology Group, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 42, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Renato Benesperi
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Firenze, Via la Pira 4, 50121, Florence, Italy
| | - Paolo Giordani
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Genova, viale Cembrano, 4, 16148, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Chiarucci
- Biodiversity and Macroecology Group, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 42, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Valter Di Cecco
- Parco Nazionale della Majella, Via Badia, 28, 67039, Sulmona, Italy
| | | | - Michele Di Musciano
- Biodiversity and Macroecology Group, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 42, 40126, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Piazzale Salvatore Tommasi 1, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Gabriele Gheza
- Biodiversity and Macroecology Group, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 42, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Chiara Lelli
- Biodiversity and Macroecology Group, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 42, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Daniel Spitale
- Museo di Scienze Naturali Dell'Alto Adige, Via Bottai, 1, 39100, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Juri Nascimbene
- Biodiversity and Macroecology Group, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 42, 40126, Bologna, Italy
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13
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Gheza G, Di Nuzzo L, Vallese C, Barcella M, Benesperi R, Giordani P, Nascimbene J, Assini S. Morphological and Chemical Traits of Cladonia Respond to Multiple Environmental Factors in Acidic Dry Grasslands. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9020453. [PMID: 33671558 PMCID: PMC7926809 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9020453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Terricolous lichen communities in lowlands occur especially in open dry habitats. Such communities are often dominated by species of the genus Cladonia, which are very variable in morphology, reproduction strategies, and secondary metabolites. In this work, we investigated traits-environment relationships considering vegetation dynamics, substrate pH, disturbance, and climate. A total of 122 plots were surveyed in 41 acidic dry grasslands in the western Po Plain (Northern Italy). Relationships between Cladonia traits and environmental variables were investigated by means of a model-based Fourth Corner Analysis. Thallus morphology and metabolites responded to vegetation dynamics, substrate pH, disturbance, and climate, whereas reproduction strategies responded only to vegetation dynamics. Traits' correlations with vegetation dynamics elucidate their colonization patterns in open dry habitats or suggest biotic interactions with bryophytes and vascular plants. In addition, correlations between metabolites and environmental factors support interpretations of their ecological roles. Our results also stress the importance of studying traits' relationships with climatic factors as an alert towards lichen reactions to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Gheza
- BIOME Lab, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum–University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 42, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (G.G.); (C.V.)
| | - Luca Di Nuzzo
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via La Pira 4, 50121 Florence, Italy; (L.D.N.); (R.B.)
| | - Chiara Vallese
- BIOME Lab, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum–University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 42, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (G.G.); (C.V.)
| | - Matteo Barcella
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Pavia, Via S. Epifanio 14, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.B.); (S.A.)
| | - Renato Benesperi
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via La Pira 4, 50121 Florence, Italy; (L.D.N.); (R.B.)
| | - Paolo Giordani
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genova, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genova, Italy;
| | - Juri Nascimbene
- BIOME Lab, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum–University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 42, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (G.G.); (C.V.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Silvia Assini
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Pavia, Via S. Epifanio 14, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.B.); (S.A.)
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14
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Nascimbene J, Benesperi R, Casazza G, Chiarucci A, Giordani P. Range shifts of native and invasive trees exacerbate the impact of climate change on epiphyte distribution: The case of lung lichen and black locust in Italy. Sci Total Environ 2020; 735:139537. [PMID: 32485454 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
While changing climatic conditions may directly impact species distribution ranges, indirect effects related to altered biotic interactions may exacerbate range shifts. This situation fully applies to epiphytic lichens that are sensitive to climatic factors and strongly depend on substrate occurrence and features for their dispersal and establishment. In this work, we modelled the climatic suitability across Italy under current and future climate of the forest species Lobaria pulmonaria, the lung lichen. Comparatively, we modelled the suitability of its main tree species in Italy, as well as that of the alien tree Robinia pseudoacacia, black locust, whose spread may cause the decline of many forest lichen species. Our results support the view that climate change may cause range shifts of epiphytes by altering the spatial pattern of their climatic suitability (direct effect) and simultaneously causing range shifts of their host-tree species (indirect effect). This phenomenon seems to be emphasized by the invasion of alien trees, as in the case of black locust, that may replace native host tree species. Results indicate that a reduction of the habitat suitability of the lung lichen across Italy should be expected in the face of climate change and that this is coupled with a loss of suitable substrate. This situation seems to be determined by two main processes that act simultaneously: 1) a partial reduction of the spatial overlap between the climatic niche of the lung lichen and that of its host tree species, and 2) the invasion of native woods by black locust. The case of lung lichen and black locust in Italy highlights that epiphytes are prone to both direct and indirect effects of climate change. The invasion of alien trees may have consequences that are still poorly evaluated for epiphytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juri Nascimbene
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Gabriele Casazza
- IMBE, Aix Marseille Université, Avignon Université, CNRS, IRD, IMBE. Technopôle de l'Arbois-Méditerranée, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Alessandro Chiarucci
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Giordani
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
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15
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Rimondi V, Benesperi R, Beutel MW, Chiarantini L, Costagliola P, Lattanzi P, Medas D, Morelli G. Monitoring of Airborne Mercury: Comparison of Different Techniques in the Monte Amiata District, Southern Tuscany, Italy. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:ijerph17072353. [PMID: 32244315 PMCID: PMC7177839 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17072353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, mercury (Hg) concentrations were investigated in lichens (Flavoparmelia caperata (L.) Hale, Parmelia saxatilis (L.) Ach., and Xanthoria parietina (L.) Th.Fr.) collected in the surrounding of the dismissed Abbadia San Salvatore Hg mine (Monte Amiata district, Italy). Results were integrated with Hg concentrations in tree barks and literature data of gaseous Hg levels determined by passive air samplers (PASs) in the same area. The ultimate goal was to compare results obtained by the three monitoring techniques to evaluate potential mismatches. Lichens displayed 180–3600 ng/g Hg, and Hg concentrations decreased exponentially with distance from the mine. Mercury concentration was lower than in Pinus nigra barks at the same site. There was a moderate correlation between Hg in lichen and Hg in bark, suggesting similar mechanisms of Hg uptake and residence times. However, correlation with published gaseous Hg concentrations (PASs) was moderate at best (Kendall Tau = 0.4–0.5, p > 0.05). The differences occurred because a) PASs collected gaseous Hg, whereas lichens and barks also picked up particulate Hg, and b) lichens and bark had a dynamic exchange with the atmosphere. Lichen, bark, and PAS outline different and complementary aspects of airborne Hg content and efficient monitoring programs in contaminated areas would benefit from the integration of data from different techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Rimondi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università di Firenze, Via G. La Pira 4, 50121 Firenze, Italy; (L.C.); (P.C.)
- CNR-IGG, Via G. La Pira 4, 50121 Firenze, Italy; (P.L.); (G.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-055-2757506
| | - Renato Benesperi
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Firenze, Via G. La Pira 4, 50121 Firenze, Italy;
| | - Marc W. Beutel
- University of California, Merced, 5200 Lake Road, Merced, CA 95343, USA;
| | - Laura Chiarantini
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università di Firenze, Via G. La Pira 4, 50121 Firenze, Italy; (L.C.); (P.C.)
- Centro di Servizi di Microscopia Elettronica e Microanalisi (M.E.M.A), Università di Firenze, Via G. Capponi 3r, 50121 Firenze, Italy
| | - Pilario Costagliola
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università di Firenze, Via G. La Pira 4, 50121 Firenze, Italy; (L.C.); (P.C.)
- CNR-IGG, Via G. La Pira 4, 50121 Firenze, Italy; (P.L.); (G.M.)
| | | | - Daniela Medas
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università di Cagliari, S.S. 554 bivio per Sestu, 09042 Monserrato (CA), Italy;
| | - Guia Morelli
- CNR-IGG, Via G. La Pira 4, 50121 Firenze, Italy; (P.L.); (G.M.)
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16
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Lazzaro L, Lastrucci L, Viciani D, Benesperi R, Gonnelli V, Coppi A. Patterns of change in α and β taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity in the secondary succession of semi-natural grasslands in the Northern Apennines. PeerJ 2020; 8:e8683. [PMID: 32201641 PMCID: PMC7071822 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We studied the secondary succession in semi-natural grasslands (dry grasslands and hay meadows) located in the eastern side of the Tuscan Apennines (Tuscany, Central Italy). We compared these habitats, investigating: (i) the changes in species richness, composition and phylogenetic diversity during the succession; (ii) whether the trends in species loss and species turnover in taxonomic diversity matched those in phylogenetic diversity. We performed a stratified random sampling, in a full factorial design between habitat type and succession stage (60 sampled plots, 10 × 2 types of habitat × 3 stages of succession). We constructed a phylogenetic tree of the plant communities and compared the differences in taxonomic/phylogenetic α- and β-diversity between these two habitats and during their succession. We identified indicator species for each succession stage and habitat. Looking at α-diversity, both habitats displayed a decrease in species richness, with a random process of species selection in the earlier succession stages from the species regional pool. Nevertheless, in the latter stage of dry grasslands we recorded a shift towards phylogenetic overdispersion at the higher-level groups in the phylogenetic tree. In both habitats, while the richness decreased with succession stage, most species were replaced during the succession. However, the hay meadows were characterized by a higher rate of new species’ ingression whereas the dry grasslands became dominated with Juniperus communis. Accordingly, the two habitats showed similar features in phylogenetic β-diversity. The main component was true phylogenetic turnover, due to replacement of unique lineages along the succession. Nevertheless, in dry grasslands this trend is slightly higher than expected considering the major importance of difference in species richness of dry grasslands sites and this is due to the presence of a phylogenetically very distant species (J. communis).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Lazzaro
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Lastrucci
- Natural History Museum, Botany, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Daniele Viciani
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | | | - Andrea Coppi
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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17
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Hurtado P, Prieto M, Martínez-Vilalta J, Giordani P, Aragón G, López-Angulo J, Košuthová A, Merinero S, Díaz-Peña EM, Rosas T, Benesperi R, Bianchi E, Grube M, Mayrhofer H, Nascimbene J, Wedin M, Westberg M, Martínez I. Disentangling functional trait variation and covariation in epiphytic lichens along a continent-wide latitudinal gradient. Proc Biol Sci 2020; 287:20192862. [PMID: 32156209 PMCID: PMC7126072 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2019.2862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Characterizing functional trait variation and covariation, and its drivers, is critical to understand the response of species to changing environmental conditions. Evolutionary and environmental factors determine how traits vary among and within species at multiple scales. However, disentangling their relative contribution is challenging and a comprehensive trait-environment framework addressing such questions is missing in lichens. We investigated the variation in nine traits related to photosynthetic performance, water use and nutrient acquisition applying phylogenetic comparative analyses in lichen epiphytic communities on beech across Europe. These poikilohydric organisms offer a valuable model owing to their inherent limitations to buffer contrasting environmental conditions. Photobiont type and growth form captured differences in certain physiological traits whose variation was largely determined by evolutionary processes (i.e. phylogenetic history), although the intraspecific component was non-negligible. Seasonal temperature fluctuations also had an impact on trait variation, while nitrogen content depended on photobiont type rather than nitrogen deposition. The inconsistency of trait covariation among and within species prevented establishing major resource use strategies in lichens. However, we did identify a general pattern related to the water-use strategy. Thus, to robustly unveil lichen responses under different climatic scenarios, it is necessary to incorporate both among and within-species trait variation and covariation.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Hurtado
- Área de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Departmento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Prieto
- Área de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Departmento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - G. Aragón
- Área de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Departmento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
| | - J. López-Angulo
- Área de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Departmento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
| | - A. Košuthová
- Department of Botany, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden
- Institute of Botany, Plant Science and Biodiversity Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - S. Merinero
- Área de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Departmento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - E. M. Díaz-Peña
- Área de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Departmento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
| | - T. Rosas
- CREAF, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Valles), Catalonia, Spain
| | - R. Benesperi
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
| | - E. Bianchi
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
| | - M. Grube
- Institute of Biology, Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - H. Mayrhofer
- Institute of Biology, Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - J. Nascimbene
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - M. Wedin
- Department of Botany, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M. Westberg
- Museum of Evolution, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - I. Martínez
- Área de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Departmento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
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18
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Ravera S, Puglisi M, Vizzini A, Totti C, Arosio G, Benesperi R, Bianchi E, Boccardo F, Briozzo I, Dagnino D, De Giuseppe AB, Dovana F, Di Nuzzo L, Fascetti S, Gheza G, Giordani P, Malíček J, Mariotti MG, Mayrhofer H, Minuto L, Nascimbene J, Nimis PL, Martellos S, Passalacqua NG, Pittao E, Potenza G, Puntillo D, Rosati L, Sicoli G, Spitale D, Tomaselli V, Trabucco R, Turcato C, Vallese C, Zardini M. Notulae to the Italian flora of algae, bryophytes, fungi and lichens: 8. IB 2019. [DOI: 10.3897/italianbotanist.8.48263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In this contribution, new data concerning algae, bryophytes, fungi, and lichens of the Italian flora are presented. It includes new records and confirmations for the algae genus Chara, the bryophyte genera Homalia, Mannia, and Tortella, the fungal genera Cortinarius, Russula, and Stereum, and the lichen genera Cetrelia, Cladonia, Enterographa, Graphis, Lecanora, Lepraria, Multiclavula, Mycomicrothelia, Parmelia, Peltigera, Pleopsidium, Psora, Scytinium, Umbilicaria, and Rhizocarpon.
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19
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Bianchi E, Benesperi R, Colzi I, Coppi A, Lazzaro L, Paoli L, Papini A, Pignattelli S, Tani C, Vignolini P, Gonnelli C. The multi-purpose role of hairiness in the lichens of coastal environments: Insights from Seirophora villosa (Ach.) Frödén. Plant Physiol Biochem 2019; 141:398-406. [PMID: 31228796 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The fruticose epiphytic lichen Seirophora villosa, strictly associated with Juniperus shrublands in the Mediterranean basin, was used to investigate the role of hairiness on a lichen thallus, as a characteristic morphological trait. We evaluated the effect of hair removal on the physiological parameters of a set of samples, during desiccation and on exposure to different salt concentrations. Hairy thalli were less affected by salt, suggesting that during dehydration, the presence of hair protects the thallus from light irradiance, oxidative stresses and the lipid peroxidation generated by free radicals, and could offer passive, but selective, water control. Our results showed that hair could not only increase thallus surface and promote water absorption when availability is low, but could also repel the salt dissolved in water by activating a passive resistance mechanism, by preventing salt entering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Bianchi
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, via G. La Pira 4, I-50121, Florence, Italy
| | - Renato Benesperi
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, via G. La Pira 4, I-50121, Florence, Italy
| | - Ilaria Colzi
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, via Micheli 1, I-50121, Florence, Italy.
| | - Andrea Coppi
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, via Micheli 1, I-50121, Florence, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Lazzaro
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, via G. La Pira 4, I-50121, Florence, Italy
| | - Luca Paoli
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, via L. Ghini 13, I-56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessio Papini
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, via Micheli 3, I-50121, Florence, Italy
| | - Sara Pignattelli
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, via Micheli 1, I-50121, Florence, Italy
| | - Corrado Tani
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, via Micheli 3, I-50121, Florence, Italy
| | - Pamela Vignolini
- Phytolab - Department of Statistics, Informatics, Applications, University of Florence, Via U. Schiff 6, I-50019, Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
| | - Cristina Gonnelli
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, via Micheli 1, I-50121, Florence, Italy
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Giordani P, Malaspina P, Benesperi R, Incerti G, Nascimbene J. Functional over-redundancy and vulnerability of lichen communities decouple across spatial scales and environmental severity. Sci Total Environ 2019; 666:22-30. [PMID: 30784819 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
According to the insurance hypothesis, high taxonomic diversity should ensure ecosystem stability because of functional redundancy, whereas reduced functional diversity that results from species loss should affect ecosystem sensitivity, resilience, and vulnerability. However, even in species-rich ecosystems, functional over-redundancy (FOR; i.e., the tendency of most species to cluster into a few over-represented functional entities) in some cases may result in under-representation of many functions, and the ecosystem might become highly vulnerable. Using a stratified random sampling design with nested spatial levels (nine land use strata, 70 plots, 435 trees/rock outcrops, and 9845 quadrats), we recorded the occurrence of over 350 species of epiphytic and rock-dwelling lichens in semi-arid ecosystems in western Sardinia, where solar radiation defines a wide environmental gradient. By accounting for species functional traits, such as growth form, photosynthetic strategies, and reproductive strategies, we obtained 43 functional entities (>60% of all possible combinations) and tested the scale-dependency of FOR and functional vulnerability (FV, i.e., the risk of losing functional entities) by generalized linear mixed models. We found that FOR increased and FV decreased with increasing spatial scale, which supports the hypothesis of a cross-scale functional reinforcement. Decoupling of FOR and FV was far more evident for rock-dwelling compared with epiphytic communities, which reflects differing environmental conditions associated with substrate type. Our results indicate that increased warming and climatic extremes could exacerbate species clustering into the most resistant functional entities and thus enhance FOR at the community level. Therefore, high taxonomic diversity may not ensure systematic buffering of climate change impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Giordani
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | | | | | - Guido Incerti
- DI4A, Department of Agri-Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy.
| | - Juri Nascimbene
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Ravera S, Puglisi M, Vizzini A, Totti C, Aleffi M, Barberis G, Benesperi R, von Brackel W, Dagnino D, De Giuseppe AB, Fačkovcová Z, Gheza G, Giordani P, Guttová A, Mair P, Mayrhofer H, Nascimbene J, Nimis PL, Paoli L, Passalacqua NG, Pittao E, Poponessi S, Prosser F, Ottonello M, Puntillo D, Puntillo M, Sicoli G, Sguazzin F, Spitale D, Tratter W, Turcato C, Vallese C. Notulae to the Italian flora of algae, bryophytes, fungi and lichens: 7. IB 2019. [DOI: 10.3897/italianbotanist.7.34285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In this contribution, new data concerning algae, bryophytes, fungi, and lichens of the Italian flora are presented. It includes new records and confirmations for the algae genusChara, the bryophyte generaCephalozia,Conardia,Conocephalum,Didymodon,Sphagnum,Tetraplodon, andTortula, the fungal generaEndophyllum,Gymnosporangium,Microbotryum,Phragmidium, andPluteus, and the lichen generaCandelariella,Cladonia,Flavoplaca,Lichenothelia,Peltigera,Placolecis,Rinodina,Scytinium, andSolenopsora.
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Cecconi E, Incerti G, Capozzi F, Adamo P, Bargagli R, Benesperi R, Candotto Carniel F, Favero-Longo SE, Giordano S, Puntillo D, Ravera S, Spagnuolo V, Tretiach M. Background element content in the lichen Pseudevernia furfuracea: a comparative analysis of digestion methods. Environ Monit Assess 2019; 191:260. [PMID: 30949767 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-019-7405-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In bioaccumulation studies, the interpretation of pollutant contents in the target biomonitor has to be performed by assessing a deviation from an unaltered reference condition. A common strategy consists in the comparison with background element content (BEC) values, often built up by uncritically merging methodologically heterogeneous data. In this respect, the acid digestion of samples was identified as a major step affecting BEC data. Here, the analytical outcomes of two acid mixtures were compared on a set of matched paired samples of the lichen Pseudevernia furfuracea, a widely used biomonitor for which BEC values based on partial digestion were previously provided. The standard reference material BCR 482 (P. furfuracea) was used to validate analytical procedures consisting of either a HF total mineralization or an aqua regia partial one, both associated to ICP-MS multi-element analysis. In particular, the performance of the procedures was evaluated by comparing analytical results of field samples with the accuracy obtained on BCR aliquots (measured-to-expected percentage ratio). The total digestion showed a better performance for Al, As, Ba, Ca, Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Se, Sn, and Zn, whereas the opposite was found for Cr, Co, P, and S. Moreover, new BEC values were provided for P. furfuracea using a consolidated statistical approach, after a total sample digestion with hydrofluoric acid. The multivariate investigation of the background variability of 43 elements in 57 remote Italian sites led to the identification of geographically homogeneous areas for which BEC values are provided for use as reference in biomonitoring applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elva Cecconi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 10, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Guido Incerti
- Department of Agri-Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences (Di4A), University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Fiore Capozzi
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Paola Adamo
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Roberto Bargagli
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | | | - Fabio Candotto Carniel
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 10, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | | | | | - Domenico Puntillo
- Natural History Museum and Botanical Garden, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Sonia Ravera
- Department of Biosciences and Territory (DiBT), University of Molise, Pesche, Isernia, Italy
| | - Valeria Spagnuolo
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Mauro Tretiach
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 10, 34127, Trieste, Italy.
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Bianchi E, Paoli L, Colzi I, Coppi A, Gonnelli C, Lazzaro L, Loppi S, Papini A, Vannini A, Benesperi R. High-light stress in wet and dry thalli of the endangered Mediterranean lichen Seirophora villosa (Ach.) Frödén: does size matter? Mycol Prog 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11557-018-1451-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Benesperi R, Nascimbene J, Lazzaro L, Bianchi E, Tepsich A, Longinotti S, Giordani P. Successful conservation of the endangered forest lichen Lobaria pulmonaria requires knowledge of fine-scale population structure. FUNGAL ECOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2018.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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25
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Cecconi E, Incerti G, Capozzi F, Adamo P, Bargagli R, Benesperi R, Candotto Carniel F, Favero-Longo SE, Giordano S, Puntillo D, Ravera S, Spagnuolo V, Tretiach M. Background element content of the lichen Pseudevernia furfuracea: A supra-national state of art implemented by novel field data from Italy. Sci Total Environ 2018; 622-623:282-292. [PMID: 29216469 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.11.276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In biomonitoring, the knowledge of background element content (BEC) values is an essential pre-requisite for the correct assessment of pollution levels. Here, we estimated the BEC values of a highly performing biomonitor, the epiphytic lichen Pseudevernia furfuracea, by means of a careful review of literature data, integrated by an extensive field survey. Methodologically homogeneous element content datasets, reflecting different exposure conditions across European and extra-European countries, were compiled and comparatively analysed. Element content in samples collected in remote areas was compared to that of potentially enriched samples, testing differences between medians for 25 elements. This analysis confirmed that the former samples were substantially unaffected by anthropogenic contributions, and their metrics were therefore proposed as a first overview at supra-national background level. We also showed that bioaccumulation studies suffer a huge methodological variability. Limited to original field data, we investigated the background variability of 43 elements in 62 remote Italian sites, characterized in GIS environment for anthropization, land use, climate and lithology at different scale resolution. The relationships between selected environmental descriptors and BEC were tested using Principal Component Regression (PCR) modelling. Elemental composition resulted significantly dependent on land use, climate and lithology. In the case of lithogenic elements, regression models correctly reproduced the lichen content throughout the country at randomly selected sites. Further descriptors should be identified only for As, Co, and V. Through a multivariate approach we also identified three geographically homogeneous macro-regions for which specific BECs were provided for use as reference in biomonitoring applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elva Cecconi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Italy
| | - Guido Incerti
- Department of Agri-Food, Animal and Environmental Sciences (DI4A), University of Udine, Italy
| | - Fiore Capozzi
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Italy
| | - Paola Adamo
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Italy
| | - Roberto Bargagli
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Domenico Puntillo
- Natural History Museum and Botanical Garden, University of Calabria, Italy
| | | | | | - Mauro Tretiach
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Italy.
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26
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Ravera S, Vizzini A, Cogoni A, Aleffi M, Benesperi R, Bianchi E, von Brackel W, Cataldo D, D'Antonio C, Di Nuzzo L, Favero Longo SE, Gheza G, Isocrono D, Matteucci E, Martellos S, Morosini L, Nimis PL, Ongaro S, Poponessi S, Puntillo D, Sguazzin F, Tretiach M. Notulae to the Italian flora of algae, bryophytes, fungi and lichens: 5. IB 2018. [DOI: 10.3897/italianbotanist.5.24853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In this contribution, new data concerning bryophytes, fungi, and lichens of the Italian flora are presented. It includes new records and confirmations for the bryophyte genera Diplophyllum and Ptychostomum, the fungal genera Arrhenia, Gymnosporangium, and Sporidesmium and the lichen genera Arthonia, Coenogonium, Flavoplaca, Gyalolechia, Parmotrema, Peltigera, Pterygiopsis, Squamarina, Tornabea, and Waynea.
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27
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Ravera S, Vizzini A, Cogoni A, Aleffi M, Benesperi R, Bianchi E, von Brackel W, Cataldo D, D'Antonio C, Di Nuzzo L, Favero Longo SE, Gheza G, Isocrono D, Matteucci E, Martellos S, Morosini L, Nimis PL, Ongaro S, Poponessi S, Puntillo D, Sguazzin F, Tretiach M. Notulae to the Italian flora of algae, bryophytes, fungi and lichens: 5. IB 2018. [DOI: 10.3897/italianbotanist.5.24852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In this contribution, new data concerning bryophytes, fungi, and lichens of the Italian flora are presented. It includes new records and confirmations for the bryophyte genera Diplophyllum and Ptychostomum, the fungal genera Arrhenia, Gymnosporangium, and Sporidesmium and the lichen genera Arthonia, Coenogonium, Flavoplaca, Gyalolechia, Parmotrema, Peltigera, Pterygiopsis, Squamarina, Tornabea, and Waynea.
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28
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Ravera S, Vizzini A, Cogoni A, Aleffi M, Benesperi R, Bianchi E, von Brackel W, Cataldo D, D'Antonio C, Di Nuzzo L, Favero Longo SE, Gheza G, Isocrono D, Matteucci E, Martellos S, Morosini L, Nimis PL, Ongaro S, Poponessi S, Puntillo D, Sguazzin F, Tretiach M. Notulae to the Italian flora of algae, bryophytes, fungi and lichens: 5. IB 2018. [DOI: 10.3897/ib.5.24852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In this contribution, new data concerning bryophytes, fungi, and lichens of the Italian flora are presented. It includes new records and confirmations for the bryophyte genera Diplophyllum and Ptychostomum, the fungal genera Arrhenia, Gymnosporangium, and Sporidesmium and the lichen genera Arthonia, Coenogonium, Flavoplaca, Gyalolechia, Parmotrema, Peltigera, Pterygiopsis, Squamarina, Tornabea, and Waynea.
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Incerti G, Cecconi E, Capozzi F, Adamo P, Bargagli R, Benesperi R, Carniel FC, Cristofolini F, Giordano S, Puntillo D, Spagnuolo V, Tretiach M. Infraspecific variability in baseline element composition of the epiphytic lichen Pseudevernia furfuracea in remote areas: implications for biomonitoring of air pollution. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2017; 24:8004-8016. [PMID: 28132191 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-8486-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The epiphytic lichen Pseudevernia furfuracea is widely used as biomonitor of airborne trace elements and other contaminants and consists of two taxonomic varieties (var. furfuracea and var. ceratea). Here, we assessed the occurrence of inter-varietal differences in the elemental composition of paired samples of var. furfuracea and var. ceratea collected in 20 remote sites of Italian mountains. The concentration of 40 elements was measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy, after digestion with HNO3 and aqua regia. The magnitude of inter-varietal differences compared to the effect of large-scale site-dependent environmental factors (i.e., lithological substrate, host tree species, and altitude) on overall element content was explored by multivariate analysis techniques and tested by generalized linear mixed modeling (GLMM). Further GLMMs were separately fitted for each element testing taxonomic-related variability against uncertainty associated to the analytical procedure. Inter-varietal differences were statistically significant only for Hg and P, with higher content in var. ceratea at most sites, and for Mg and Zn, showing the opposite pattern. Since the elemental composition of P. furfuracea in remote sites was mostly affected by local lithology and climatic conditions, our results confirm that lichen material for active biomonitoring should be collected in a single ecologically homogeneous remote area. We also indicate sites in the Eastern Alps where P. furfuracea showed the minimum content of most elements, which are suggested as locations to collect lichen material for transplants. Besides the context-dependency at large spatial scale, variations of elemental composition apparently related to taxonomy, could possibly be due to unequal incidence of morphological traits of the collected material. Further research is needed to clarify this issue, and how it affects bioaccumulation phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Incerti
- Department of Agri-Food, Animal and Environmental Sciences (DI4A), University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Elva Cecconi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Fiore Capozzi
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Paola Adamo
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Roberto Bargagli
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | | | | | - Fabiana Cristofolini
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | | | - Domenico Puntillo
- Natural History Museum and Botanical Garden, University of Calabria, Calabria, Italy
| | - Valeria Spagnuolo
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Mauro Tretiach
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.
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Lastrucci L, Lazzaro L, Guidi T, Gonnelli V, Giordani P, Benesperi R. Different components of plant diversity suggest the protection of a large area for the conservation of a riparian ecosystem. Biologia (Bratisl) 2015. [DOI: 10.1515/biolog-2015-0115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Giordani P, Benesperi R, Mariotti MG. Local dispersal dynamics determine the occupied niche of the red-listed lichen Seirophora villosa (Ach.) Frödén in a Mediterranean Juniperus shrubland. FUNGAL ECOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2014.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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32
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Lazzaro L, Giuliani C, Fabiani A, Agnelli AE, Pastorelli R, Lagomarsino A, Benesperi R, Calamassi R, Foggi B. Soil and plant changing after invasion: the case of Acacia dealbata in a Mediterranean ecosystem. Sci Total Environ 2014; 497-498:491-498. [PMID: 25151267 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Revised: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Acacia dealbata Link (Fabaceae) is one of the most invasive species in the Mediterranean ecosystems of Europe, Africa and America, where it has been proved to exert strong effects on soil and plant communities. In Italy A. dealbata has been largely used for ornamental and forestry purpose and is nowadays spreading in several areas. The present study was addressed to evaluate the impacts on soil chemical properties, soil microbial communities and understory plant communities and to assess the relationships among these compartments after the invasion of A. dealbata in a typical Mediterranean shrubland. Towards these aims, a soil and vegetation sampling was performed in Elba Island where A. dealbata is invading the sclerophyllous native vegetation. Three levels of invasion status were differentiated according to the gradient from invaded, to transitional and non-invaded vegetation. Quantitative and qualitative alterations of soil chemical properties and microbial communities (i.e. bacterial and fungal communities) and above-ground understory plant communities were found. In particular, the invaded soils had lower pH values than both the non-invaded and transitional ones. High differences were detected for both the total N and the inorganic fraction (NH4(+) and NO3(-)) contents, which showed the ranking: invaded>transitional>non-invaded soils. TOC and C/N ratio showed respectively higher and lower values in invaded than in non-invaded soils. Total plant covers, species richness and diversity in both the non-invaded and transitional subplots were higher than those in the invaded ones. The contribution of the nitrophilous species was significantly different among the three invasion statuses, with a strong increase going from native to transitional and invaded subplots. All these data confirm that A. dealbata modifies several compartments of the invaded ecosystems, from soil chemical properties to soil and plant microbial communities determining strong changes in the local ecosystem processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Lazzaro
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, via G. La Pira 4, I-50121 Florence, Italy.
| | - Claudia Giuliani
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, via G. La Pira 4, I-50121 Florence, Italy.
| | - Arturo Fabiani
- Consiglio per la Ricerca e sperimentazione in Agricoltura, Centro di ricerca per l'Agrobiologia e la Pedologia, CRA-ABP, Piazza D'Azeglio 30, 50121 Florence, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Elio Agnelli
- Consiglio per la Ricerca e sperimentazione in Agricoltura, Centro di ricerca per l'Agrobiologia e la Pedologia, CRA-ABP, Piazza D'Azeglio 30, 50121 Florence, Italy.
| | - Roberta Pastorelli
- Consiglio per la Ricerca e sperimentazione in Agricoltura, Centro di ricerca per l'Agrobiologia e la Pedologia, CRA-ABP, Piazza D'Azeglio 30, 50121 Florence, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Lagomarsino
- Consiglio per la Ricerca e sperimentazione in Agricoltura, Centro di ricerca per l'Agrobiologia e la Pedologia, CRA-ABP, Piazza D'Azeglio 30, 50121 Florence, Italy.
| | - Renato Benesperi
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, via G. La Pira 4, I-50121 Florence, Italy.
| | - Roberto Calamassi
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, via G. La Pira 4, I-50121 Florence, Italy.
| | - Bruno Foggi
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, via G. La Pira 4, I-50121 Florence, Italy.
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Paoli L, Benesperi R, Proietti Pannunzi D, Corsini A, Loppi S. Biological effects of ammonia released from a composting plant assessed with lichens. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2014; 21:5861-5872. [PMID: 24445932 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-2526-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated whether ammonia emissions from industrial composting of organic waste may influence the surrounding environment, using lichens as bioindicators. To this purpose, samples of N-tolerant and N-sensitive lichens, namely Xanthoria parietina and Evernia prunastri, were transplanted for 1-3 months along transects at increasing distance (0-400 m) from a composting facility in Tuscany, Italy. Atmospheric concentrations of ammonia were measured using passive samplers. The physiological response of lichen transplants was investigated by means of the photosynthetic efficiency (measured as chlorophyll a fluorescence emission), the integrity of cell membranes (measured as electrolyte leakage), and sample viability (measured as enzymatic activity of dehydrogenase). Epiphytic lichen communities were investigated using biodiversity indices. The results showed decreasing concentrations of ammonia, from 48.7 μg/m(3) at the composting facility to 2.7 μg/m(3) at 400 m. The N-tolerant X. parietina was not affected and some physiological parameters even showed a higher performance, while the N-sensitive E. prunastri showed a reduced performance with increasing atmospheric concentrations approaching the source. A shift from lichen communities composed by meso-acidophilous species (actual condition) to more nitrophilous communities in the near future, approaching the composting facility is suggested. It is concluded that lichens can provide useful data for decision-makers to establish correct science-based environmentally sustainable waste management policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Paoli
- Department of Life Science, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
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Benesperi R, Lastrucci L, Nascimbene J. Human disturbance threats the red-listed macrolichen Seirophora villosa (Ach.) Frödén in coastal Juniperus habitats: evidence from western peninsular Italy. Environ Manage 2013; 52:939-945. [PMID: 23700269 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-013-0081-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Accepted: 05/12/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In Europe, coastal dune systems with Juniperus spp. (Natura 2000 habitat code 2250) are a priority habitat for conservation according to the Natura 2000 policies. Currently, anthropogenic pressure is threatening the biodiversity of this habitat. While the impact of human pressure on animals and vascular plants is already documented, information is still scanty for other organisms such as epiphytic lichens. The main aim of this study is to test the effect of human disturbance on the occurrence and abundance of the red-listed macrolichen Seirophora villosa. We also tested the effect of human disturbance on the whole community of epiphytic lichens in terms of species richness and composition. The study was performed along the coast of Tuscany by comparing both disturbed and undisturbed Juniperus stands according to a stratified random sampling design. Our results provided evidence that in coastal systems the long-term conservation of the red-listed macrolichen S. villosa and its characteristic community composed by several Mediterranean species of conservation concern depends on the maintenance of undisturbed Juniperus habitats. Results also support the possibility of using S. villosa as an indicator species of habitat conservation importance and habitat integrity since its occurrence is predicted on nestedness in term of species composition, assemblages of species poor disturbed stands being subsets of those of richer undisturbed stands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato Benesperi
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via La Pira 4, 50121, Florence, Italy,
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Nascimbene J, Nimis PL, Benesperi R. Mature non-native black-locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) forest does not regain the lichen diversity of the natural forest. Sci Total Environ 2012; 421-422:197-202. [PMID: 22341402 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.01.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2011] [Revised: 01/23/2012] [Accepted: 01/24/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The responses of lichens to habitat changes caused by invasive trees are poorly understood. Invasive forest trees may impact epiphytic lichens by altering both substrate and stand conditions. Previous research has demonstrated that black locust invasion, associated with intensive exploitation of native oak forests, led to dramatic shifts in lichen composition. However, it is not clear if, along with stand aging, black locust formations regain forest species. The main aim of this study was to test whether the succession of black locust stands promotes a lichen succession leading to assemblages in mature black locust stands which are similar to those of native forests. To test the influence of macro-environmental conditions, we performed the study in two bioclimatically different areas of Italy. The epiphytic lichen biota of native oak and chestnut stands was compared with that of black locust stands of different successional stages. In both regions we did not find a lichen succession in black locust stands of different age, and mature black-locust stands did not recover the diversity of epiphytic species, which are lost by the replacement of the native forests by black locust. The absence of this pattern may be caused by factors related to the management of black locust stands, and to bark features. The different bioclimatic conditions between the two study areas may explain differences in the lichen biota of native forests, while that of black locust stands tend to be similar between regions, suggesting that forest habitat changes associated with the spread of black locust could decrease lichen diversity among bioclimatically different regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juri Nascimbene
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, via Giorgieri 10-34100, Trieste, Italy.
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Giordani P, Brunialti G, Benesperi R, Rizzi G, Frati L, Modenesi P. Rapid biodiversity assessment in lichen diversity surveys: implications for quality assurance. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 11:730-5. [PMID: 19557222 DOI: 10.1039/b818173j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Rapid Biodiversity Assessments (RBAs) of lichen communities, obtained by means of simplified sampling lists based on morphospecies, showed good correlations with Lichen Diversity Values (LDVs), based on the complete identification of lichen species only when performed by operators with high levels of taxonomic knowledge. Furthermore, the use of highly simplified sampling lists did not lead to significant advantages in terms of time needed for field operations. This approach proved to be especially unreliable in high diversity ecological contexts where variation of morpho-structural composition within lichen communities is frequent (i.e. co-occurring crustose- and foliose-dominated communities); it may also lead to weak results if applied for conservation purposes. Hence, the use of simplified RBA sampling lists in lichen monitoring has to be carefully evaluated and, in any case, should be based on sound taxonomic knowledge on the part of those in charge of data collection. The proper assessment of descriptors of lichen abundance and/or frequency, however, strictly depends on the skill, taxonomic knowledge, and willingness to learn of the lichenologist-in-training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Giordani
- Botanic Centre Hanbury, DIP.TE.RIS., University of Genova, corso Dogali 1M, I-16136, Genova, Italy.
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