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Wang W, Zhang F, Zhao Q, Liu C, Jim CY, Johnson VC, Tan ML. Determining the main contributing factors to nutrient concentration in rivers in arid northwest China using partial least squares structural equation modeling. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 343:118249. [PMID: 37245314 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the main driving factors of oasis river nutrients in arid areas is important to identify the sources of water pollution and protect water resources. Twenty-seven sub-watersheds were selected in the lower oasis irrigated agricultural reaches of the Kaidu River watershed in arid Northwest China, divided into the site, riparian, and catchment buffer zones. Data on four sets of explanatory variables (topographic, soil, meteorological elements, and land use types) were collected. The relationships between explanatory variables and response variables (total phosphorus, TP and total nitrogen, TN) were analyzed by redundancy analysis (RDA). Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was used to quantify the relationship between explanatory as well as response variables and fit the path relationship among factors. The results showed that there were significant differences in the TP and TN concentrations at each sampling point. The catchment buffer exhibited the best explanatory power of the relationship between explanatory and response variables based on PLS-SEM. The effects of various land use types, meteorological elements (ME), soil, and topography in the catchment buffer were responsible for 54.3% of TP changes and for 68.5% of TN changes. Land use types, ME and soil were the main factors driving TP and TN changes, accounting for 95.56% and 94.84% of the total effects, respectively. The study provides a reference for river nutrients management in arid oases with irrigated agriculture and a scientific and targeted basis to mitigate water pollution and eutrophication of rivers in arid lands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Wang
- College of Geography and Remote Sensing Sciences, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830017, China; Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830017, China
| | - Fei Zhang
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China.
| | - Qi Zhao
- Xinjiang Bayingolin Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture Environmental Monitoring Station, Korla, 84100, China
| | - Changjiang Liu
- College of Geography and Remote Sensing Sciences, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830017, China; Xinjiang Institute of Technology, Aksu, 843000, China
| | - Chi Yung Jim
- Department of Social Sciences, Education University of Hong Kong, Lo Ping Road, Tai Po, 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Verner Carl Johnson
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, Colorado Mesa University, Grand Junction, CO, 81501, USA
| | - Mou Leong Tan
- GeoInformatic Unit, Geography Section, School of Humanities, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia
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2
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Tong Y, Huang Z, Janssen ABG, Wishart M, He W, Wang X, Zhao Y. Influence of social and environmental drivers on nutrient concentrations and ratios in lakes: A comparison between China and Europe. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 227:119347. [PMID: 36399843 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.119347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Global anthropogenic flows of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) have exceeded planetary boundaries with significant implications for pollution of the freshwater resources in the world. Understanding the global patterns and drivers of N and P concentrations and their ratios in the lakes could help design more effective management and remediation strategies to mitigate the impacts of eutrophication. While a suite of drivers are associated with the sources of nutrients, their transport and internal processes that control concentrations of N and P in the lakes, much less is known about the relative importance of different drivers in explaining spatial variations of lake nutrients and ratios. In this study, we compared N and P concentrations and their ratios in the lakes across China and Europe and examined the differences of dominant environmental and social drivers on lake nutrients. Our comparison showed that total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) concentrations were much higher in the lakes in China compared to those in Europe (i.e., TN: 1.13 mg/L in China vs. 0.64 mg/L in Europe; TP: 35.83 μg/L in China vs. 19.38 μg/L in Europe, the median value). However, lake N/P ratios for both regions were not statistically different. Concentrations of TN and TP showed decoupling in both regions, with the majority of lakes having high N/P mass ratios when evaluated by the commonly accepted threshold of 23 (i.e., 61% in China and 68% in Europe), indicating that phytoplankton are more P limited relative to N. Agricultural activity in the lake catchment is an important predictor for both nutrient concentrations and their ratio in Europe. This reflects successful investments in infrastructure and policy prescriptions in addressing point sources of pollution. In comparison, lake depth and water residence time are important in the decoupling of N and P concentrations in China. The regional difference between the dominant drivers can provide important insights into development of effective water pollution control measures. It is necessary for policy makers and water resource managers to be aware of large-scale imbalance of nutrients in lake due to the potential environmental consequences. A set of spatially flexible policies for water quality controls would be beneficial for sustaining the ecological integrity and future health of lakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yindong Tong
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; School of Science, Tibet University, Lhasa 850000, China.
| | - Zhao Huang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Annette B G Janssen
- Water Systems and Global Change Group, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Wei He
- School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xuejun Wang
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yingxin Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
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3
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Klemm K, Cembella A, Clarke D, Cusack C, Arneborg L, Karlson B, Liu Y, Naustvoll L, Siano R, Gran-Stadniczeñko S, John U. Apparent biogeographical trends in Alexandrium blooms for northern Europe: identifying links to climate change and effective adaptive actions. HARMFUL ALGAE 2022; 119:102335. [PMID: 36344194 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2022.102335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The marine dinoflagellate Alexandrium Halim represents perhaps the most significant and intensively studied genus with respect to species diversity, life history strategies, toxigenicity, biogeographical distribution, and global magnitude and consequences harmful algal blooms (HABs). The socioeconomic impacts, environmental and human health risks, and mitigation strategies for toxigenic Alexandrium blooms have also been explored in recent years. Human adaptive actions based on future scenarios of bloom dynamics and shifts in biogeographical distribution under climate-change parameters remain under development and not yet implemented on a regional scale. In the CoCliME (Co-development of climate services for adaptation to changing marine ecosystems) project these issues were addressed with respect to past, current and anticipated future status of key HAB genera and expected benefits of enhanced monitoring. Data on the distribution and frequency of Alexandrium blooms related to paralytic shellfish toxin (PST) events from key CoCliME Case Study areas, comprising the North Sea and adjacent Kattegat-Skagerrak, Norwegian Sea, and Baltic Sea, and eastern North Atlantic marginal seas, were evaluated in a contemporary and historical context over the past several decades. The first evidence of possible biogeographical expansion of Alexandrium taxa into eastern Arctic gateways was provided from DNA barcoding signatures. Various key climate change indicators, such as salinity, temperature, and water-column stratification, relevant to Alexandrium bloom initiation and development were identified. The possible influence of changing variables on bloom dynamics, magnitude, frequency and spatial and temporal distribution were interpreted in the context of regional ocean climate models. These climate change impact indicators may play key roles in selecting for the occurrence and diversity of Alexandrium species within the broader microeukaryote communities. For example, shifts to higher temperature and lower salinity regimes predicted for the southern North Sea indicate the potential for increased Alexandrium blooms, currently absent from this area. Ecological and socioeconomic impacts of Alexandrium blooms and effects on fisheries and aquaculture resources and coastal ecosystem function are evaluated, and, where feasible, effective adaptation strategies are proposed herein as emerging climate services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Klemm
- Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, Bremerhaven 27570, Germany; Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity at the University of Oldenburg (HIFMB), Ammerländer Heerstraße 231, Oldenburg 26129, Germany
| | - Allan Cembella
- Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, Bremerhaven 27570, Germany
| | - Dave Clarke
- Marine Institute, Rinville, Oranmore, Co. Galway, Ireland
| | | | - Lars Arneborg
- Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute, Research and development, oceanography, Sven Källfelts gata 15, Västra Frölunda, SE-426 71, Sweden
| | - Bengt Karlson
- Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute, Research and development, oceanography, Sven Källfelts gata 15, Västra Frölunda, SE-426 71, Sweden
| | - Ye Liu
- Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute, Research and development, oceanography, Sven Källfelts gata 15, Västra Frölunda, SE-426 71, Sweden
| | - Lars Naustvoll
- Institute of Marine Research, PO Box 1870 Nordnes, Bergen NO-5817, Norway
| | | | - Sandra Gran-Stadniczeñko
- Section for Aquatic Biology and Toxicology, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1066, Blindern, Oslo 0316, Norway
| | - Uwe John
- Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, Bremerhaven 27570, Germany; Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity at the University of Oldenburg (HIFMB), Ammerländer Heerstraße 231, Oldenburg 26129, Germany.
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4
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Wang F, Cheng P, Chen N, Kuo YM. Tidal driven nutrient exchange between mangroves and estuary reveals a dynamic source-sink pattern. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 270:128665. [PMID: 33121808 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) are vital nutrients regulating mangrove productivity and coastal ecosystems. Understanding of the nutrient cycling and interaction between mangroves and estuary is limited. Here we show tidal-driven nutrient exchange and a dynamic source-sink pattern across the mangrove-estuary interface. Lateral nutrient fluxes were quantified based on hourly concentrations observed at a tidal creek outlet during 2016-2018 and water mass estimated by a hydrodynamic model (FVCOM). The results of nutrient fluxes suggested that mangroves always serve as a source of ammonium (NH4-N) and dissolved reactive P (DRP) to estuary, but as a strong nitrate sink (NO3-N). Dissolved organic components (DON and DOP) shifted from net efflux (source) in spring to net influx (sink) in summer, likely due to the changing balance of P input and biological and physicochemical processes. Mangroves decreased the overall loading of dissolved inorganic N (DIN), dissolved total N (DTN) and total P (TP) to the estuary. Nevertheless, the effluents (aquaculture wastewater and domestic sewage) discharged from the upstream area during ebb tide increased the export of nutrients, especially NH4-N and DRP, offsetting the role of mangrove on mitigating coastal eutrophication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenfang Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Peng Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environment Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Nengwang Chen
- Key Laboratory of the Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Environment Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
| | - Yi-Ming Kuo
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
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Kasonga TK, Coetzee MAA, Kamika I, Ngole-Jeme VM, Benteke Momba MN. Endocrine-disruptive chemicals as contaminants of emerging concern in wastewater and surface water: A review. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 277:111485. [PMID: 33049614 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Population growth followed by rapid development of industrialisation has caused serious environmental pollution with contaminants of emerging concern found in wastewater and surface water. As one of the most important resources for human survival, water is daily polluted by endocrine-disruptive chemicals (EDCs) including pharmaceuticals and personal care products, organic pollutants and heavy metals. Even at low concentrations in water bodies, chronic exposure to EDCs can cause adverse effects on human and environment health. The main concern with EDCs is the diseases they can generate in humans or wildlife by affecting the function of hormones in the body. Problems in the reproductive system, thyroid problems, Alzheimer's, cancer and obesity are some of the major effects of EDCs in humans. In wildlife, the reproductive system may be affected, including its levels of hatchability and vitellogenin. The efforts of the present review are on emphasising on the environmental concern on the occurrence and risk assessment of EDCs, their harmful effects in the ecosystem, human life, and wildlife, as a result of their incomplete removal from wastewater treatment plants. The review focuses on studies conducted in South Africa highlights the use of fungal bioreactors as a low-cost and eco-effective environmentally friendly wastewater treatment processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teddy Kabeya Kasonga
- Department of Environmental Sciences, School of Environmental Science, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Florida Campus, University of South Africa, Florida, Roodepoort, 1710, South Africa.
| | - Martie A A Coetzee
- Department of Environmental, Water and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, P/B X 680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
| | - Ilunga Kamika
- Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability Research Unit; School of Science; College of Science, Engineering and Technology, Florida Campus, University of South Africa, P.O Box 392, Florida, Roodepoort, 1710, South Africa
| | - Veronica M Ngole-Jeme
- Department of Environmental Sciences, School of Environmental Science, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Florida Campus, University of South Africa, Florida, Roodepoort, 1710, South Africa
| | - Maggy Ndombo Benteke Momba
- Department of Environmental, Water and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, P/B X 680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
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6
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Seasonal Variations and Thinning Effects on Soil Phosphorus Fractions in Larix principis-rupprechtii Mayr. Plantations. FORESTS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/f10020172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Thinning is a common management practice in forest ecosystems. However, understanding whether thinning treatment will change the availability of phosphorus (P) in soils, and the effect of thinning on the seasonal dynamics of soil P fractions, are still limited. The objective of the present study was to assess seasonal variations in soil P fractions under different forest thinning management strategies in a Larch (Larix spp.) plantation in northern China. To accomplish this, we examined soil P fractions, soil physical–chemical properties, and litter biomass under control (CK), light (LT), moderate (MT) and high thinning (HT) treatments. Data were collected during the growing season of 2017. We found that most P fractions varied seasonally at different soil depths, with the highest values occurring in the summer and autumn. When compared to CK, MT enhanced the inorganic P (Pi) concentration extracted by resin strip (R-Pi). Labile organic P (Labile Po), moderately labile P and total P (TP) also increased in both MT and HT treatments irrespective of season. In contrast, less-labile Pi and Po fractions were lower in LT than in CK, especially when examining deeper soil layers. Our results suggest that LT leads to a strong ability to utilize Po and less-labile Pi. Moreover, the effect of thinning did not tend to increase with thinning intensity, P availability was maximized at the MT. Ultimately, we show that MT can improve soil P bioavailability and is recommended in Larix principis-rupprechtii Mayr. plantations of North China. Our results emphasize that the effect of thinning management on soil microenvironment is an important basis for evaluating soil nutrients such as soil P bioavailability.
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7
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Arce-Funck J, Crenier C, Danger M, Billoir E, Usseglio-Polatera P, Felten V. High stoichiometric food quality increases moulting organism vulnerability to pollutant impacts: An experimental test with Gammarus fossarum (Crustacea: Amphipoda). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 645:1484-1495. [PMID: 30248870 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Headwater organisms are most often simultaneously faced with multiple stressors such as low resource quality and pollutants. Higher food quality has been hypothesized to enhance the tolerance of organisms to pollutants, but the interactive effects of food quality and pollutants on species and ecosystems remain poorly studied. To better understand these interactive effects, we experimentally manipulated the phosphorus (P) content of two leaf litters with contrasted carbon quality (alder and maple). During four weeks, individuals of the detritivorous crustacean Gammarus fossarum were exposed to low levels of cadmium ([Cd] = 0, 0.35 or 0.70 μg L-1) while being fed with one of the leaf P treatments. When organisms were not exposed to Cd, their high survival rate was more driven by the carbon quality of the resource (litter species) than by its stoichiometric quality. In contrast, their number of moults and growth rates were primarily increased by the P content of resources. When exposed to Cd, G. fossarum survival rate was reduced, but this effect was largely magnified by a higher P level in resources. Our results showed that despite positive effects of resource stoichiometric quality on organism life history traits (growth, survival), a resource of high stoichiometric quality might be detrimental for organisms exposed to low and environmentally realistic levels of pollutants. Two non-exclusive hypotheses are proposed to explain these results. First, organisms fed on the highest quality resource exhibited the highest moulting frequencies (moults being the most critical life cycle step of arthropods), which could have rendered them more sensitive to pollutants. Secondly, the metabolism of organisms fed on higher quality resources was potentially enhanced, increasing the uptake of dissolved Cd by gammarids. This study suggests that species sensitivity to pollutants might be underestimated in ecosystems facing both nutrient constraint and pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Arce-Funck
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LIEC, F-57000 Metz, France; LTSER France, Zone Atelier du Bassin de la Moselle, 54506 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Clément Crenier
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LIEC, F-57000 Metz, France; LTSER France, Zone Atelier du Bassin de la Moselle, 54506 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Michael Danger
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LIEC, F-57000 Metz, France; LTSER France, Zone Atelier du Bassin de la Moselle, 54506 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Elise Billoir
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LIEC, F-57000 Metz, France; LTSER France, Zone Atelier du Bassin de la Moselle, 54506 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Philippe Usseglio-Polatera
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LIEC, F-57000 Metz, France; LTSER France, Zone Atelier du Bassin de la Moselle, 54506 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Vincent Felten
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LIEC, F-57000 Metz, France; LTSER France, Zone Atelier du Bassin de la Moselle, 54506 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France.
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Gabriel M, Knightes C, Cooter E, Dennis R. Modeling the combined effects of changing land cover, climate, and atmospheric deposition on nitrogen transport in the Neuse River Basin. JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY. REGIONAL STUDIES 2018; 18:68-79. [PMID: 30245973 PMCID: PMC6145828 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrh.2018.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
STUDY REGION The SWAT model was used to estimate the combined effects of changing land cover, climate and Clean Air Act (CAAA)-related atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition to watershed nitrogen fate and transport for two watersheds in North Carolina, USA. STUDY FOCUS Two different model simulation scenarios were applied: one included CAAA-related atmospheric N deposition, climate and land cover (CAAD+C+L) and the other only included CAAA-related N deposition (CAAD) in simulation. NEW HYDROLOGICAL INSIGHTS FOR THE REGION Results show both scenarios generated overall decreasing trends for nearly all N outputs between 2010 and 2070 which resulted primarily from CAAA-related reductions in oxidized N deposition. In both watersheds, including climate and land cover change in simulation resulted in a relative 30% higher NO3 load, 30% higher denitrification, 10% higher organic N load and a 20% smaller level of plant N uptake in year 2070 compared to not including climate and landcover changes in simulation. The increases in N transport for both watersheds indicates the combined impacts from climate and land cover change may offset benefits provided by the CAAA regulations; however, future NO3 loads for the Little River watershed were small relative to current N loading rates. Conversely, the increasing NO3 and organic N loads for the nearby Nahunta watershed were significant compared to current rates demonstrating that watershed nutrient responses to climate and land cover changes may vary significantly over relatively small spatial scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Gabriel
- USEPA/Office of Research and Development(ORD), National
Exposure Research Laboratory (NERL), Ecosystem Research Division (ERD), 960 College
Station Rd., Athens, GA, 30605, USA
| | - Christopher Knightes
- USEPA/Office of Research and Development(ORD), National
Exposure Research Laboratory (NERL), Ecosystem Research Division (ERD), 960 College
Station Rd., Athens, GA, 30605, USA
| | - Ellen Cooter
- USEPA/ORD/NERL/Atmospheric Modeling and Analysis Division
(AMAD), 109 T W Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA
| | - Robin Dennis
- USEPA/ORD/NERL/Atmospheric Modeling and Analysis Division
(AMAD), 109 T W Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA
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9
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Charlton MB, Bowes MJ, Hutchins MG, Orr HG, Soley R, Davison P. Mapping eutrophication risk from climate change: Future phosphorus concentrations in English rivers. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 613-614:1510-1526. [PMID: 28886914 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.07.218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is expected to increase eutrophication risk in rivers yet few studies identify the timescale or spatial extent of such impacts. Phosphorus concentration, considered the primary driver of eutrophication risk in English rivers, may increase through reduced dilution particularly if river flows are lower in summer. Detailed models can indicate change in catchment phosphorus concentrations but targeted support for mitigation measures requires a national scale evaluation of risk. In this study, a load apportionment model is used to describe the current relationship between flow and total reactive phosphorus (TRP) at 115 river sites across England. These relationships are used to estimate TRP concentrations for the 2050s under 11 climate change driven scenarios of future river flows and under scenarios of both current and higher levels of sewage treatment. National maps of change indicate a small but inconsistent increase in annual average TRP concentrations with a greater change in summer. Reducing the TRP concentration of final sewage effluent to 0.5mg/L P for all upstream sewage treatment works was inadequate to meet existing P standards required through the EU Water Framework Directive, indicating that more needs to be done, including efforts to reduce diffuse pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael J Bowes
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Maclean Building, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, OX10 8BB, UK
| | - Michael G Hutchins
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Maclean Building, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, OX10 8BB, UK
| | - Harriet G Orr
- Environment Agency, Horizon House, Deanery Road, Bristol BS1 5AH, UK
| | - Rob Soley
- Amec Foster Wheeler Environment & Infrastructure UK Limited, Cannon Court, Abbey Lawn, Abbey Foregate, Shrewsbury SY2 5DE, UK
| | - Paul Davison
- Amec Foster Wheeler Environment & Infrastructure UK Limited, Cannon Court, Abbey Lawn, Abbey Foregate, Shrewsbury SY2 5DE, UK
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10
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Collins SM, Oliver SK, Lapierre JF, Stanley EH, Jones JR, Wagner T, Soranno PA. Lake nutrient stoichiometry is less predictable than nutrient concentrations at regional and sub-continental scales. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2017; 27:1529-1540. [PMID: 28370707 DOI: 10.1002/eap.1545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Production in many ecosystems is co-limited by multiple elements. While a known suite of drivers associated with nutrient sources, nutrient transport, and internal processing controls concentrations of phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) in lakes, much less is known about whether the drivers of single nutrient concentrations can also explain spatial or temporal variation in lake N:P stoichiometry. Predicting stoichiometry might be more complex than predicting concentrations of individual elements because some drivers have similar relationships with N and P, leading to a weak relationship with their ratio. Further, the dominant controls on elemental concentrations likely vary across regions, resulting in context dependent relationships between drivers, lake nutrients and their ratios. Here, we examine whether known drivers of N and P concentrations can explain variation in N:P stoichiometry, and whether explaining variation in stoichiometry differs across regions. We examined drivers of N:P in ~2,700 lakes at a sub-continental scale and two large regions nested within the sub-continental study area that have contrasting ecological context, including differences in the dominant type of land cover (agriculture vs. forest). At the sub-continental scale, lake nutrient concentrations were correlated with nutrient loading and lake internal processing, but stoichiometry was only weakly correlated to drivers of lake nutrients. At the regional scale, drivers that explained variation in nutrients and stoichiometry differed between regions. In the Midwestern U.S. region, dominated by agricultural land use, lake depth and the percentage of row crop agriculture were strong predictors of stoichiometry because only phosphorus was related to lake depth and only nitrogen was related to the percentage of row crop agriculture. In contrast, all drivers were related to N and P in similar ways in the Northeastern U.S. region, leading to weak relationships between drivers and stoichiometry. Our results suggest ecological context mediates controls on lake nutrients and stoichiometry. Predicting stoichiometry was generally more difficult than predicting nutrient concentrations, but human activity may decouple N and P, leading to better prediction of N:P stoichiometry in regions with high anthropogenic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Collins
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, 13 Natural Resources, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824, USA
- Center for Limnology, University of Wisconsin, 680 North Park Street, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, USA
| | - Samantha K Oliver
- Center for Limnology, University of Wisconsin, 680 North Park Street, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, USA
| | - Jean-Francois Lapierre
- Département de Sciences Biologiques, Université de Montreal, Pavillon Marie-Victorin, CP 6128, succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, Quebec, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Emily H Stanley
- Center for Limnology, University of Wisconsin, 680 North Park Street, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, USA
| | - John R Jones
- School of Natural Resources, University of Missouri, 302 Anheuser-Busch Natural Resources Building, Columbia, Missouri, 65211, USA
| | - Tyler Wagner
- U.S. Geological Survey, Pennsylvania Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Unit, The Pennsylvania State University, 402 Forest Resources Building, University Park, Pennsylvania, 16802, USA
| | - Patricia A Soranno
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, 13 Natural Resources, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824, USA
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11
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Jin L, Whitehead PG, Heppell CM, Lansdown K, Purdie DA, Trimmer M. Modelling flow and inorganic nitrogen dynamics on the Hampshire Avon: Linking upstream processes to downstream water quality. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 572:1496-1506. [PMID: 26953139 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.02.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Revised: 02/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Managing diffuse pollution in catchments is a major issue for environmental managers planning to meet water quality standards and comply with the EU Water Framework Directive. A major source of diffuse pollution is from nitrogen, with high nitrate concentrations affecting water supplies and in-stream ecology. A dynamic, process based model of flow, nitrate and ammonium (INCA-N) has been applied to the Hampshire Avon as part of the NERC Macronutrient Cycles Programme to link upstream and downstream measurements of water chemistry. The model has been calibrated and validated against Environment Agency discharge and solute chemistry data, as well as a data set collected from a river site immediately upstream of the estuary tidal limit. Upstream measurements of denitrification at six sites have been used to evaluate nitrate removal rates in vegetated and non-vegetated conditions. Results show that sediments underlying vegetation were associated with significantly higher rates of nitrate removal than un-vegetated sediments (with an average increase of 245%). These data have been used to scale up rates of nitrate loss to the whole catchment scale and have been implemented via the model. The effects of streambed geology and macrophyte cover on catchment-scale nitrogen dynamics are explored and nutrient fluxes entering the estuary are evaluated. The model is used to test a strategy for nitrogen reduction assessed using a nitrate vulnerable zone (NVZ) methodology. It suggests that nitrate and ammonium concentrations could be reduced by 10% in 10years and much lower nitrogen level can be achieved but only over a long time period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Jin
- Geology Department, State University of New York College at Cortland, Cortland, NY 13045, USA.
| | - Paul G Whitehead
- School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QY, UK
| | - Catherine M Heppell
- The School of Geography, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Katrina Lansdown
- The School of Geography, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK; School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Duncan A Purdie
- Ocean & Earth Science, University of Southampton, National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, European Way, Southampton, SO14 3ZH, UK
| | - Mark Trimmer
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK
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12
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Emmett BA, Cooper D, Smart S, Jackson B, Thomas A, Cosby B, Evans C, Glanville H, McDonald JE, Malham SK, Marshall M, Jarvis S, Rajko-Nenow P, Webb GP, Ward S, Rowe E, Jones L, Vanbergen AJ, Keith A, Carter H, Pereira MG, Hughes S, Lebron I, Wade A, Jones DL. Spatial patterns and environmental constraints on ecosystem services at a catchment scale. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 572:1586-1600. [PMID: 27156120 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Improved understanding and prediction of the fundamental environmental controls on ecosystem service supply across the landscape will help to inform decisions made by policy makers and land-water managers. To evaluate this issue for a local catchment case study, we explored metrics and spatial patterns of service supply for water quality regulation, agriculture production, carbon storage, and biodiversity for the Macronutrient Conwy catchment. Methods included using ecosystem models such as LUCI and JULES, integration of national scale field survey datasets, earth observation products and plant trait databases, to produce finely resolved maps of species richness and primary production. Analyses were done with both 1×1km gridded and subcatchment data. A common single gradient characterised catchment scale ecosystem services supply with agricultural production and carbon storage at opposing ends of the gradient as reported for a national-scale assessment. Species diversity was positively related to production due to the below national average productivity levels in the Conwy combined with the unimodal relationship between biodiversity and productivity at the national scale. In contrast to the national scale assessment, a strong reduction in water quality as production increased was observed in these low productive systems. Various soil variables were tested for their predictive power of ecosystem service supply. Soil carbon, nitrogen, their ratio and soil pH all had double the power of rainfall and altitude, each explaining around 45% of variation but soil pH is proposed as a potential metric for ecosystem service supply potential as it is a simple and practical metric which can be carried out in the field with crowd-sourcing technologies now available. The study emphasises the importance of considering multiple ecosystem services together due to the complexity of covariation at local and national scales, and the benefits of exploiting a wide range of metrics for each service to enhance data robustness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridget A Emmett
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Environment Centre Wales, Deiniol Rd, Bangor LL57 2UW, UK.
| | - David Cooper
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Environment Centre Wales, Deiniol Rd, Bangor LL57 2UW, UK
| | - Simon Smart
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster, Bailrigg LA1 4AP, UK
| | - Bethanna Jackson
- School of Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Amy Thomas
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Environment Centre Wales, Deiniol Rd, Bangor LL57 2UW, UK
| | - Bernard Cosby
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Environment Centre Wales, Deiniol Rd, Bangor LL57 2UW, UK
| | - Chris Evans
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Environment Centre Wales, Deiniol Rd, Bangor LL57 2UW, UK
| | - Helen Glanville
- School of Biological Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, UK
| | - James E McDonald
- School of Biological Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, UK
| | - Shelagh K Malham
- School of Ocean Sciences, Bangor University, Menai Bridge, Anglesey LL59 5AB, UK; Centre for Applied Marine Sciences, Bangor University, Menai Bridge, Anglesey LL59 5AB, UK
| | - Miles Marshall
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Environment Centre Wales, Deiniol Rd, Bangor LL57 2UW, UK
| | - Susan Jarvis
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster, Bailrigg LA1 4AP, UK
| | - Paulina Rajko-Nenow
- School of Ocean Sciences, Bangor University, Menai Bridge, Anglesey LL59 5AB, UK
| | - Gearoid P Webb
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, MacLean Bldg, Benson Ln, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BB, UK
| | - Sue Ward
- Lancaster University, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster, Bailrigg, LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Ed Rowe
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Environment Centre Wales, Deiniol Rd, Bangor LL57 2UW, UK
| | - Laurence Jones
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Environment Centre Wales, Deiniol Rd, Bangor LL57 2UW, UK
| | - Adam J Vanbergen
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Bush Estate, Penicuik, Edinburgh EH26 0QB, UK
| | - Aidan Keith
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster, Bailrigg LA1 4AP, UK
| | - Heather Carter
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster, Bailrigg LA1 4AP, UK
| | - M Glória Pereira
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster, Bailrigg LA1 4AP, UK
| | - Steve Hughes
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Environment Centre Wales, Deiniol Rd, Bangor LL57 2UW, UK
| | - Inma Lebron
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Environment Centre Wales, Deiniol Rd, Bangor LL57 2UW, UK
| | - Andrew Wade
- Dept of Geography, University of Reading, Whiteknights, PO, BOX 227 Reading, RG6 6AB, UK
| | - David L Jones
- School of Environment, Natural Resources and Geography, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, UK
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13
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Pirani M, Panton A, Purdie DA, Sahu SK. Modelling macronutrient dynamics in the Hampshire Avon river: A Bayesian approach to estimate seasonal variability and total flux. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 572:1449-1460. [PMID: 27179620 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.04.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The macronutrients nitrate and phosphate are aquatic pollutants that arise naturally, however, in excess concentrations they can be harmful to human health and ecosystems. These pollutants are driven by river currents and show dynamics that are affected by weather patterns and extreme rainfall events. As a result, the nutrient budget in the receiving estuaries and coasts can change suddenly and seasonally, causing ecological damage to resident wildlife and fish populations. In this paper, we propose a statistical change-point model with interactions between time and river flow, to capture the macronutrient dynamics and their responses to river flow threshold behaviour. It also accounts for the nonlinear effect of water quality properties via nonparametric penalised splines. This model enables us to estimate the daily levels of riverine macronutrient fluxes and their seasonal and annual totals. In particular, we present a study of macronutrient dynamics on the Hampshire Avon River, which flows to the southern coast of the UK through the Christchurch Harbour estuary. We model daily data for more than a year during 2013-14 in which period there were multiple severe meteorological conditions leading to localised flooding. Adopting a Bayesian inference framework, we have quantified riverine macronutrient fluxes based on input river flow values. Out of sample empirical validation methods justify our approach, which captures also the dependencies of macronutrient concentrations with water body characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Pirani
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, W2 1PG London, UK.
| | - Anouska Panton
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Portsmouth, PO1 3QL Portsmouth, UK.
| | - Duncan A Purdie
- Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, University of Southampton, SO14 3ZH Southampton, UK.
| | - Sujit K Sahu
- Southampton Statistical Sciences Research Institute, University of Southampton, SO17 1BJ Southampton, UK.
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14
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Tian Y, Wang S, Bai X, Luo G, Xu Y. Trade-offs among ecosystem services in a typical Karst watershed, SW China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 566-567:1297-1308. [PMID: 27265738 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.05.190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Revised: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, most research results on ecosystem services in Karst areas are limited to a single function of an ecosystem service. Few scholars conduct a comparative study on the mutual relationships among ecosystem services, let alone reveal the trade-off and synergic relationships in typical Karst watershed. This research aims to understand and quantitatively evaluate the relationships among ecosystem services in a typical Karst watershed, broaden the depth and width of trade-off and synergic relationships in ecosystem services and explore a set of technical processes involved in these relationships. With the Shibantang Karst watershed in China as the research site, we explore the trade-off and synergic relationships of net primary productivity (NPP), water yield, and sediment yield by coupling Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) and Carnegie-Ames-Stanford Approach (CASA), and simulating and evaluating these three ecosystem services between 2000 and 2010. Results of this study are as follows. (1) The annual average water yield decreased from 528mm in 2000 to 513mm in 2010, decreasing by 2.84%. (2) The annual average sediment yield decreased from 26.15t/ha in 2000 to 23.81t/ha in 2010, with an average annual reduction of 0.23t/ha. (3) The annual average NPP increased from 739.38gCm(-2)a(-1) in 2000 to 746.25gCm(-2)a(-1) in 2010, increasing by 6.87gCm(-2)a(-1) . (4) Water yield and sediment yield are in a synergic relationship. The increase of water yield can accumulate the soil erosion amount. NPP is in a trade-off relationship with water yield and sediment yield. The improvement of NPP is good for decreasing water yield and soil erosion amount and increasing soil conservation amount. This study provides policy makers and planners an approach to develop an integrated model, as well as design mapping and monitoring protocols for land use change and ecosystem service assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichao Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550002, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Puding Karst Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Anshun, Guizhou 561000, China
| | - Shijie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550002, China; Puding Karst Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Anshun, Guizhou 561000, China
| | - Xiaoyong Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550002, China; Puding Karst Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Anshun, Guizhou 561000, China.
| | - Guangjie Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550002, China; Puding Karst Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Anshun, Guizhou 561000, China
| | - Yan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550002, China; Puding Karst Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Anshun, Guizhou 561000, China
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15
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Smallbone W, Cable J, Maceda-Veiga A. Chronic nitrate enrichment decreases severity and induces protection against an infectious disease. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2016; 91:265-270. [PMID: 26995268 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2016.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Excessive fertilisation is one of the most pernicious forms of global change resulting in eutrophication. It has major implications for disease control and the conservation of biodiversity. Yet, the direct link between nutrient enrichment and disease remains largely unexplored. Here, we present the first experimental evidence that chronic nitrate enrichment decreases severity and induces protection against an infectious disease. Specifically, this study shows that nitrate concentrations ranging between 50 and 250mgNO3(-)/l reduce Gyrodactylus turnbulli infection intensity in two populations of Trinidadian guppies Poecilia reticulata, and that the highest nitrate concentration can even clean the parasites from the fish. This added to the fact that host nitrate pre-exposure altered the fish epidermal structure and reduced parasite intensity, suggests that nitrate protected the host against the disease. Nitrate treatments also caused fish mortality. As we used ecologically-relevant nitrate concentrations, and guppies are top-consumers widely used for mosquito bio-control in tropical and often nutrient-enriched waters, our results can have major ecological and social implications. In conclusion, this study advocates reducing nitrate level including the legislative threshold to protect the aquatic biota, even though this may control an ectoparasitic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jo Cable
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
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16
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Gooddy DC, Macdonald DMJ, Lapworth DJ, Bennett SA, Griffiths KJ. Nitrogen sources, transport and processing in peri-urban floodplains. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2014; 494-495:28-38. [PMID: 25029502 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.06.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Revised: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Peri-urban floodplains are an important interface between developed land and the aquatic environment and may act as a source or sink for contaminants moving from urban areas towards surface water courses. With increasing pressure from urban development the functioning of floodplains is coming under greater scrutiny. A number of peri-urban sites have been found to be populated with legacy landfills which could potentially cause pollution of adjacent river bodies. Here, a peri-urban floodplain adjoining the city of Oxford, UK, with the River Thames has been investigated over a period of three years through repeated sampling of groundwaters from existing and specially constructed piezometers. A nearby landfill has been found to have imprinted a strong signal on the groundwater with particularly high concentrations of ammonium and generally low concentrations of nitrate and dissolved oxygen. An intensive study of nitrogen dynamics through the use of N-species chemistry, nitrogen isotopes and dissolved nitrous oxide reveals that there is little or no denitrification in the majority of the main landfill plume, and neither is the ammonium significantly retarded by sorption to the aquifer sediments. A simple model has determined the flux of total nitrogen and ammonium from the landfill, through the floodplain and into the river. Over an 8 km reach of the river, which has a number of other legacy landfills, it is estimated that 27.5 tonnes of ammonium may be delivered to the river annually. Although this is a relatively small contribution to the total river nitrogen, it may represent up to 15% of the ammonium loading at the study site and over the length of the reach could increase in-stream concentrations by nearly 40%. Catchment management plans that encompass floodplains in the peri-urban environment need to take into account the likely risk to groundwater and surface water quality that these environments pose.
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Affiliation(s)
- D C Gooddy
- British Geological Survey, Maclean Building, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BB, UK.
| | - D M J Macdonald
- British Geological Survey, Maclean Building, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BB, UK
| | - D J Lapworth
- British Geological Survey, Maclean Building, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BB, UK
| | - S A Bennett
- British Geological Survey, Keyworth, Nottingham NG12 5GG, UK
| | - K J Griffiths
- British Geological Survey, Maclean Building, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BB, UK
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17
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Bieroza MZ, Heathwaite AL, Mullinger NJ, Keenan PO. Understanding nutrient biogeochemistry in agricultural catchments: the challenge of appropriate monitoring frequencies. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2014; 16:1676-1691. [PMID: 24789044 DOI: 10.1039/c4em00100a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We evaluate different frequencies of riverine nutrient concentration measurement to interpret diffuse pollution in agricultural catchments. We focus on three nutrient fractions, nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N), total reactive phosphorus (TRP) and total phosphorus (TP) observed using conventional remote laboratory-based, low-frequency sampling and automated, in situ high-frequency monitoring. We demonstrate the value of low-frequency routine nutrient monitoring in providing long-term data on changes in surface water and groundwater nutrient concentrations. By contrast, automated high-frequency nutrient observations provide insight into the fine temporal structure of nutrient dynamics in response to a full spectrum of flow dynamics. We found good agreement between concurrent in situ and laboratory-based determinations for nitrate-nitrogen (Pearson's R = 0.93, p < 0.01). For phosphorus fractions: TP (R = 0.84, p < 0.01) and TRP (R = 0.79, p < 0.01) the relationships were poorer due to the underestimation of P fractions observed in situ and storage-related changes of grab samples. A detailed comparison between concurrent nutrient data obtained by the hourly in situ automated monitoring and weekly-to-fortnightly grab sampling reveals a significant information loss at the extreme range of nutrient concentration for low-frequency sampling.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Z Bieroza
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, UK.
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18
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Crossman J, Whitehead PG. Macronutrient cycles: themed issue. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2014; 16:1548-1550. [PMID: 24939448 DOI: 10.1039/c4em90017k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jill Crossman
- Macronutrient Cycles Directorate, Oxford University Centre of the Environment, Oxford University, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 5PE, UK.
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19
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Jarvie HP, Jickells TD, Skeffington RA, Withers PJA. Climate change and coupling of macronutrient cycles along the atmospheric, terrestrial, freshwater and estuarine continuum. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2012; 434:252-258. [PMID: 22854103 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.07.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This paper provides an introduction to the Special Issue on "Climate Change and Coupling of Macronutrient Cycles along the Atmospheric, Terrestrial, Freshwater and Estuarine Continuum", dedicated to Colin Neal on his retirement. It is not intended to be a review of this vast subject, but an attempt to synthesize some of the major findings from the 22 contributions to the Special Issue in the context of what is already known. The major research challenges involved in understanding coupled macronutrient cycles in these environmental media are highlighted, and the difficulties of making credible predictions of the effects of climate change are discussed. Of particular concern is the possibility of interactions which will enhance greenhouse gas concentrations and provide positive feedback to global warming.
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