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Wei Z, Wei Y, Liu Y, Niu S, Xu Y, Park JH, Wang JJ. Biochar-based materials as remediation strategy in petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated soil and water: Performances, mechanisms, and environmental impact. J Environ Sci (China) 2024; 138:350-372. [PMID: 38135402 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2023.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Petroleum contamination is considered as a major risk to the health of humans and environment. Biochars as low-cost and eco-friendly carbon materials, have been widely used for the removal of petroleum hydrocarbon in the environment. The purpose of this paper is to review the performance, mechanisms, and potential environmental toxicity of biochar, modified biochar and its integration use with other materials in petroleum contaminated soil and water. Specifically, the use of biochar in oil-contaminated water and soil as well as the factors that could influence the removal ability of biochar were systematically evaluated. In addition, the modification and integrated use of biochar for improving the removal efficiency were summarized from the aspects of sorption, biodegradation, chemical degradation, and reusability. Moreover, the functional impacts and associated ecotoxicity of pristine and modified biochars in various environments were demonstrated. Finally, some shortcoming of current approaches, and future research needs were provided for the future direction and challenges of modified biochar research. Overall, this paper gain insight into biochar application in petroleum remediation from the perspectives of performance enhancement and environmental sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Wei
- Faculty of Environmental Science & Engineering, Kunming University of Science & Technology, Kunming 650500, China; School of Plant, Environment & Soil Sciences, Louisiana State University AgCenter. Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Yi Wei
- Faculty of Environmental Science & Engineering, Kunming University of Science & Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Faculty of Environmental Science & Engineering, Kunming University of Science & Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Shuai Niu
- Faculty of Environmental Science & Engineering, Kunming University of Science & Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yaxi Xu
- Faculty of Environmental Science & Engineering, Kunming University of Science & Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Jong-Hwan Park
- Department of Life Resources Industry, Dong-A University, 37, Nakdong-daero 550 beon-gil, Saha-gu, Busan 49315, South Korea
| | - Jim J Wang
- School of Plant, Environment & Soil Sciences, Louisiana State University AgCenter. Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
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2
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Marcińczyk M, Krasucka P, Duan W, Bo P, Oleszczuk P. Effect of chemical aging on phosphate adsorption and ecotoxicological properties of magnesium-modified biochar. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 349:140721. [PMID: 37972863 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Using magnesium-biochar composites (Mg-BC) in adsorption allows for the efficient and economically relevant removal of phosphate (PO43-) from water and wastewater. Applying Mg-BC for pollutant removal requires evaluating the adsorption capacity of composites and their ecotoxicological properties. Investigating the composite aging during the application of these composites into the soil is also essential. In the present study, nonaged and aged (at 60 or 90 °C) Mg-BC composites were investigated in the context of pyrolysis temperature (500 or 700 °C). All analyzed biochars were examined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy and surface area. The content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) (bioavailable Cfree and organic solvent-extractable Ctot), heavy metals (HMs), and environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs) were determined. Ecotoxicity was evaluated using tests with Folsomia candida and Allivibrio fischeri. The dependence of adsorption on pyrolysis temperature and composite aging time was observed. Changes in physicochemical properties occurring as a result of aging reduced the adsorption of PO43- on Mg-BC composites. It was found that nonaged Mg-BC700 was more effective (9.55 mg g -1) in the adsorption of PO43- than Mg-BC500 (5.75 mg g-1). The adsorption capacities of aged composites were from 21 to 61% lower than those of the nonaged composites. Due to aging, the content of Cfree PAHs increased by 3-5 times depending on the pyrolysis temperature. However, aging reduced the Ctot PAHs in all composites from 24 to 35% depending on the pyrolysis temperature. Ecotoxicological evaluation of Mg-BC composites showed increased toxicity after aging to both organisms. The use of aged BC potentially increases the contaminant content and toxicity of Mg-BC composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Marcińczyk
- Department of Radiochemistry and Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, 3 Maria Curie-Skłodowska Square, 20-031, Lublin, Poland
| | - Patrycja Krasucka
- Department of Radiochemistry and Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, 3 Maria Curie-Skłodowska Square, 20-031, Lublin, Poland
| | - Wenyan Duan
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Pan Bo
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Patryk Oleszczuk
- Department of Radiochemistry and Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, 3 Maria Curie-Skłodowska Square, 20-031, Lublin, Poland.
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3
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Wang J, Aghajani Delavar M. Techno-economic analysis of phytoremediation: A strategic rethinking. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 902:165949. [PMID: 37536595 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Phytoremediation is a cost-effective and environmentally sound approach, which uses plants to immobilize/stabilize, extract, decay, or lessen toxicity and contaminants. Despite successful evidence of field application, such as natural attenuations, and self-purification, the main barriers remain from a "promising" to a "commercial" approach. Therefore, the ultimate goal of this paper is to examine factors that contribute to phytoremediation's underutilization and discuss the real costs of phytoremediation when the time and land values are considered. We revisit mechanisms and processes of phytoremediation. We synthesize existing information and understanding based on previous works done on phytoremediation and its applications to provide the technical assessment and perspective views in the commercial acceptance of phytoremediation. The results show that phytoremediation is the most suitable for remote regions with low land values. Since these regions allow a longer period to be restored, land vegetation covers can be established in more or less time like natural attenuation. Since the length of phytoremediation is an inherent limitation, this inherent disadvantage limits its adoption in developed business regions, such as growing urban areas. Because high land values could not be recovered in the short term, phytoremediation is not cost-effective in those regions. We examine the potential measures that can enhance the performance of phytoremediation, such as soil amendments, and agricultural practices. The results obtained through review can clarify where/what conditions phytoremediation can provide the most suitable solutions at a large scale. Finally, we identify the main barriers and knowledge gaps to establishing a vegetation cover in large-scale applications and highlight the research priorities for increased acceptance of phytoremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junye Wang
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Athabasca University, 1 University Drive, Athabasca, Alberta T9S 3A3, Canada.
| | - Mojtaba Aghajani Delavar
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Athabasca University, 1 University Drive, Athabasca, Alberta T9S 3A3, Canada
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4
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Activated carbon from biomass: Preparation, factors improving basicity and surface properties for enhanced CO2 capture capacity – A review. J CO2 UTIL 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2022.102318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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5
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Ajien A, Idris J, Md Sofwan N, Husen R, Seli H. Coconut shell and husk biochar: A review of production and activation technology, economic, financial aspect and application. WASTE MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOLID WASTES AND PUBLIC CLEANSING ASSOCIATION, ISWA 2023; 41:37-51. [PMID: 36346183 PMCID: PMC9925910 DOI: 10.1177/0734242x221127167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The coconut industry generates a relatively large amount of coconut shell and husk biomass, which can be utilized for industrial and environmental purposes. Immense potential for added value when coconut shell and husk biomass are turned into biochar and limited studies are available, making this review paper significant. This paper specifically presents the production and activation technology, economic and financial aspect and application of biochar from coconut shell and husk biomass. Pyrolysis, gasification and self-sustained carbonization are among the production technology discussed to convert this biomass into carbon-rich materials with distinctive characteristics. The surface characteristics of coconut-based biochar, that is, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area (SBET), pore volume (Vp), pore diameter (dp) and surface functional group can be enhanced by physical and chemical activation and metal impregnation. Due to their favourable characteristics, coconut shell and husk-activated biochar exhibit their potential as valuable adsorption materials for industrial and environmental application including biodiesel production, capacitive deionization, soil amendment, water treatment and carbon sequestration. With the knowledge of the potential, the coconut industry can contribute to both the local and global biocircular economy by producing coconut shell and husk biochar for economic development and environmental remediation. The capital and operating cost for production and activation processes must be taken into account to ensure bioeconomy sustainability, hence coconut shell and husk biomass have a great potential for income generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azrine Ajien
- School of Chemical Engineering, College
of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Sarawak Branch, Kota Samarahan,
Sarawak, Malaysia
- School of Chemical Engineering, College
of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Selangor Branch, Shah Alam,
Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Juferi Idris
- School of Chemical Engineering, College
of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Sarawak Branch, Kota Samarahan,
Sarawak, Malaysia
- School of Chemical Engineering, College
of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Selangor Branch, Shah Alam,
Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nurzawani Md Sofwan
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti
Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Sarawak Branch, Samarahan Campus, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak,
Malaysia
| | - Rafidah Husen
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti
Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Sarawak Branch, Samarahan 2 Campus, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak,
Malaysia
| | - Hazman Seli
- School of Chemical Engineering, College
of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Sarawak Branch, Kota Samarahan,
Sarawak, Malaysia
- School of Chemical Engineering, College
of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Selangor Branch, Shah Alam,
Selangor, Malaysia
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Abhishek K, Shrivastava A, Vimal V, Gupta AK, Bhujbal SK, Biswas JK, Singh L, Ghosh P, Pandey A, Sharma P, Kumar M. Biochar application for greenhouse gas mitigation, contaminants immobilization and soil fertility enhancement: A state-of-the-art review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 853:158562. [PMID: 36089037 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Rising global temperature, pollution load, and energy crises are serious problems, recently facing the world. Scientists around the world are ambitious to find eco-friendly and cost-effective routes for resolving these problems. Biochar has emerged as an agent for environmental remediation and has proven to be the effective sorbent to inorganic and organic pollutants in water and soil. Endowed with unique attributes such as porous structure, larger specific surface area (SSA), abundant surface functional groups, better cation exchange capacity (CEC), strong adsorption capacity, high environmental stability, embedded minerals, and micronutrients, biochar is presented as a promising material for environmental management, reduction in greenhouse gases (GHGs) emissions, soil management, and soil fertility enhancement. Therefore, the current review covers the influence of key factors (pyrolysis temperature, retention time, gas flow rate, and reactor design) on the production yield and property of biochar. Furthermore, this review emphasizes the diverse application of biochar such as waste management, construction material, adsorptive removal of petroleum and oil from aqueous media, immobilization of contaminants, carbon sequestration, and their role in climate change mitigation, soil conditioner, along with opportunities and challenges. Finally, this review discusses the evaluation of biochar standardization by different international agencies and their economic perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumar Abhishek
- Department of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Government of Bihar, Patna, India
| | | | - Vineet Vimal
- Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology, Orissa, India
| | - Ajay Kumar Gupta
- Department of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Government of Bihar, Patna, India
| | - Sachin Krushna Bhujbal
- Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Jayanta Kumar Biswas
- Department of Ecological Studies & International Centre for Ecological Engineering, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia 741235, West Bengal, India
| | - Lal Singh
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur 440020, Maharashtra, India
| | - Pooja Ghosh
- Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Ashok Pandey
- Centre for Innovation and Translational Research, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow 226 001, India; Sustainability Cluster, School of Engineering, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun 248 007, Uttarakhand, India; Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability, Lucknow 226 029, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Prabhakar Sharma
- School of Ecology and Environment Studies, Nalanda University, Rajgir 803116, Bihar, India.
| | - Manish Kumar
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur 440020, Maharashtra, India.
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7
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Dike CC, Hakeem IG, Rani A, Surapaneni A, Khudur L, Shah K, Ball AS. The co-application of biochar with bioremediation for the removal of petroleum hydrocarbons from contaminated soil. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 849:157753. [PMID: 35931161 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Soil pollution from petroleum hydrocarbon is a global environmental problem that could contribute to the non-actualisation of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. Several techniques have been used to remediate petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated soils; however, there are technical and economical limitations to existing methods. As such, the development of new approaches and the improvement of existing techniques are imperative. Biochar, a low-cost carbonaceous product of the thermal decomposition of waste biomass has gained relevance in soil remediation. Biochar has been applied to remediate hydrocarbon-contaminated soils, with positive and negative results reported. Consequently, attempts have been made to improve the performance of biochar in the hydrocarbon-based remediation process through the co-application of biochar with other bioremediation techniques as well as modifying biochar properties before use. Despite the progress made in this domain, there is a lack of a detailed single review consolidating the critical findings, new developments, and challenges in biochar-based remediation of petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated soil. This review assessed the potential of biochar co-application with other well-known bioremediation techniques such as bioaugmentation, phytoremediation, and biostimulation. Additionally, the benefits of modification in enhancing biochar suitability for bioremediation were examined. It was concluded that biochar co-application generally resulted in higher hydrocarbon removal than sole biochar treatment, with up to a 4-fold higher removal observed in some cases. However, most of the biochar co-applied treatments did not result in hydrocarbon removal that was greater than the additive effects of individual treatment. Overall, compared to their complementary treatments, biochar co-application with bioaugmentation was more beneficial in hydrocarbon removal than biochar co-application with either phytoremediation or biostimulation. Future studies should integrate the ecotoxicological and cost implications of biochar co-application for a viable remediation process. Lastly, improving the synergistic interactions of co-treatment on hydrocarbon removal is critical to capturing the full potential of biochar-based remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Chinyere Dike
- School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia; ARC Training Centre for the Transformation of Australia's Biosolids Resource, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia.
| | - Ibrahim Gbolahan Hakeem
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia; ARC Training Centre for the Transformation of Australia's Biosolids Resource, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia
| | - Alka Rani
- School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia; ARC Training Centre for the Transformation of Australia's Biosolids Resource, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia
| | - Aravind Surapaneni
- South East Water, 101 Wells Street, Frankston, Victoria 3199, Australia; ARC Training Centre for the Transformation of Australia's Biosolids Resource, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia
| | - Leadin Khudur
- School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia; ARC Training Centre for the Transformation of Australia's Biosolids Resource, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia
| | - Kalpit Shah
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia; ARC Training Centre for the Transformation of Australia's Biosolids Resource, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia
| | - Andrew S Ball
- School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia; ARC Training Centre for the Transformation of Australia's Biosolids Resource, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia
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8
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Patel AK, Singhania RR, Pal A, Chen CW, Pandey A, Dong CD. Advances on tailored biochar for bioremediation of antibiotics, pesticides and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon pollutants from aqueous and solid phases. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 817:153054. [PMID: 35026237 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Biochar is gaining incredible importance for remediation applications due to their attractive removal properties. Moreover, it is becoming ecofriendly, cost-effective and sustainable bioadsorbents towards replacing expensive activated carbons. Studies reveal biochar effectiveness for removal of important and potentially severe organic pollutants such as antibiotics and pesticides. Recent research advancements on biochar modification (physical, chemical and biological) opens greater opportunity to form tailored biochar with improved surface properties than their native forms for offering better removal efficiencies. Further attentions paid towards emergent new modification methods to cover broad-spectrum pollutants using tailored biochar. Current review aims to summarize recent updates upon biochar tailoring, comparative account of tailored biochars removal efficiencies with respect to their native forms and to provide in-depth discussion covering specific interactions of tailored biochars with antibiotics, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and pesticides for their effective removals and degradation from polluted environments. Application of inducer compounds e.g., peroxymonosulfate and sodium percarbonate further improved the biochar role towards degradation of toxic organic pollutants into their less or nontoxic forms. Biochar engineered with specific metals enable them for the same role without inducer compounds. Moreover, microbial interactions with biochar not only improve the bioremediation level further but also degrade the pollutants from the environment and open up better environmental and socio-economic prospects. Application of green, cost-effective and sustainable biochar for remediation of environmentally potential organic pollutants offers economical treatment methods as well as safe environment. These benefits are inline with global trends towards developing a sustainable process for biocircular economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Kumar Patel
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Reeta Rani Singhania
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Anugunj Pal
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Wen Chen
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan.
| | - Ashok Pandey
- Centre for Innovation and Translational Research, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow 226 001, India
| | - Cheng-Di Dong
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan.
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9
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Gurav R, Bhatia SK, Choi TR, Choi YK, Kim HJ, Song HS, Park SL, Lee HS, Lee SM, Choi KY, Yang YH. Adsorptive removal of crude petroleum oil from water using floating pinewood biochar decorated with coconut oil-derived fatty acids. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 781:146636. [PMID: 33784526 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The present investigation deals with the adsorptive removal of crude petroleum oil from the water surface using coconut oil-modified pinewood biochar. Biochar generated at higher pyrolysis temperature (700 °C) revealed higher fatty acid-binding efficiency responsible for the excellent hydrophobicity of the biochar. Fatty acids composition attached to the biochar produced at 700 °C was (mg g-1 BC) lauric acid (9.024), myristic acid (5.065), palmitic acid (2.769), capric acid (1.639), oleic acid (1.362), stearic acid (1.114), and linoleic acid (0.130). Simulation of the experimental adsorption data of pristine and modified pinewood biochar generated at 700 °C offered the best fit to pseudo-first-order kinetics (R2 > 0.97) and Langmuir isotherm model (R2 > 0.99) based on the highest regression coefficients. Consequently, the adsorption process was mainly driven by surface hydrophobic interactions including π-π electron-donor-acceptor between electron-rich (π-donor) polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from the crude oil and biochar (π-acceptor). A maximum adsorption capacity (Qmax) of 5.315 g g-1 was achieved by modified floating biochar within 60 min. Whereas the reusability testing revealed 49.39% and 51.40% was the adsorption efficiency of pristine and modified biochar at the fifth adsorption-desorption cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjit Gurav
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Shashi Kant Bhatia
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Rim Choi
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Keun Choi
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Joong Kim
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Hun-Suk Song
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Sol Lee Park
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Soo Lee
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Mi Lee
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwon-Young Choi
- Department of Environmental and Safety Engineering, College of Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Yung-Hun Yang
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.
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10
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He M, Xiong X, Wang L, Hou D, Bolan NS, Ok YS, Rinklebe J, Tsang DCW. A critical review on performance indicators for evaluating soil biota and soil health of biochar-amended soils. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 414:125378. [PMID: 33652215 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Amendment of soil with biochar has been widely investigated for soil quality improvement in terms of biotic and abiotic functionalities. The performance of biochar-based amendment varies according to the site characteristics, biochar properties, and soil management targets. There is no existing review that summarizes a broad range of performance indicators to evaluate the health of biochar-amended soil. Based on the latest studies on soil amendment with biochar, this review critically analyzes the soil health indicators that reveal the potential impact of biochar amendment with respect to physicochemical properties, biological properties, and overall soil quality. It is found that soil pH, soil aggregate stability, and soil organic matter are the basic indicators that could influence most of the soil functions, which should be prioritized for measurement. Relevant functional indicators (e.g., erosion rate, crop productivity, and ecotoxicity) should be selected based on the soil management targets of biochar application in agricultural soils. With this review, it is expected that target-oriented performance indicators can be selected in future studies for field-relevant evaluation of soil amendment by biochar under different situations. Therefore, a more cost-effective and purpose-driven assessment protocol for biochar-amended soils can be devised by using relevant measurable attributes suggested in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjing He
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xinni Xiong
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Institute of Construction Materials, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Deyi Hou
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Nanthi S Bolan
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, Faculty of Science, Enginnering and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for High Performance Soils (Soil CRC), Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Yong Sik Ok
- Korea Biochar Research Center & Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jörg Rinklebe
- Laboratory of Soil, and Groundwater-Management, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water, and Waste, Management, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany; Department of Environment, Energy and Geoinformatics, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Daniel C W Tsang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
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11
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Erdem A, Dogru M. Process Intensification: Activated Carbon Production from Biochar Produced by Gasification : Highly porous carbon substances with low production costs. JOHNSON MATTHEY TECHNOLOGY REVIEW 2021. [DOI: 10.1595/205651320x15899664199207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The recent increase in the number of policies to protect the environment has led to a rise in the worldwide demand for activated carbon, which is the most extensively utilised adsorbent in numerous industries and has a high probability to be used in the energy and agriculture sectors
as electrodes in supercapacitors and for fertiliser production. This paper is about the production of activated biochar from oak woodchips char generated by an updraft fixed bed gasifier reactor. Following this, using steam as activating agent and thermal energy from produced synthesis gas
(syngas), the resulting highly microporous carbonaceous biomaterial was subjected to physical activation at 750ºC. The properties of activated biochar include adsorption or desorption of nitrogen to identify the physical adsorption and surface area measurement, thermogravimetric analysis
(TGA), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The biochar surface area, generated as a result of the gasification process, showed substantial improvement after steam activation. Also, significant discrepancies were obtained
from the surface volume and areas of biochar byproducts from the gasifier and activated biochar obtained by steam activation after the gasification treatment (total pore volume 0.022 cm3 g−1 and 0.231 cm3 g−1, Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller
(BET) surface area 21.35 m2 g−1 and 458.28 m2 g−1, respectively). The two samples also yielded noteworthy differences in performance. As a consequence, it may be concluded that the kinetics of steam gasification is quicker and more efficient
for the conversion of biochar to activated carbon. The pore sizes of the carbon produced by steam activation were distributed over a wide spectrum of values, and both micro- and mesoporous structures were developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Erdem
- Environmental Engineering Department, Gebze Technical University Gebze, 41400 Turkey
| | - Murat Dogru
- Environmental Engineering Department, Gebze Technical University Gebze, 41400 Turkey
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Chen X, Cheng X, Meng H, Selvaraj KK, Li H, He H, Du W, Yang S, Li S, Zhang L. Past, present, and future perspectives on the assessment of bioavailability/bioaccessibility of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: A 20-year systemic review based on scientific econometrics. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 774:145585. [PMID: 33607432 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Bioaccessibility/bioavailability (bioac-bioav) is an important criterion in the risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), especially in the restoration of contaminated sites. Although, the bioac-bioav concept is widely employed in PAH risk assessment for both humans and wildlife, their growth and integration in risk assessment models are seldom discussed. Consequently, the relevant literature listed on Web of Science (WOS)™ was retrieved and analyzed using the bibliometric software Citespace in order to gain a comprehensive understanding of this issue. Due to the limitations of the literature search software, we manually searched the articles about PAHs bioac-bioav that were published before 2000. This stage focuses on research on the distribution coefficient of PAHs between different environmental phases and laid the foundation for the adsorption-desorption of PAHs in subsequent studies of the bioac-bioav of PAHs. The research progress on PAH bioac-bioav from 2000 to the present was evaluated using the Citespace software based on country- and discipline-wise publication volumes and research hotspots. The development stages of PAH bioac-bioav after 2000 were divided into four time segments. The first three segments (2000-2005, 2006-2010, and 2011-2015) focused on the degradation of PAHs and their in vivo (bioavailability)-in vitro (bioaccessibility) evaluation method and risk assessment. Meanwhile, the current (2016-present) research focuses on the establishment of analytical methods for assessing PAH derivatives at environmental concentrations and the optimization of various in vitro digestion methods, including chemical optimization (sorptive sink) and biological optimization (Caco-2 cell). The contents are aimed at supplying researchers with a deeper understanding of the development of PAH bioac-bioav.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianxian Chen
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu Engineering Lab of Water and Soil Eco-Remediation, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Xinying Cheng
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu Engineering Lab of Water and Soil Eco-Remediation, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Han Meng
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu Engineering Lab of Water and Soil Eco-Remediation, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Kumar Krishna Selvaraj
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu Engineering Lab of Water and Soil Eco-Remediation, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
| | - Huiming Li
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu Engineering Lab of Water and Soil Eco-Remediation, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Huan He
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu Engineering Lab of Water and Soil Eco-Remediation, Nanjing 210023, PR China; College of Ecological and Resource Engineering, Fujian Provincial Key laboratory of Eco-Industrial Green Technology, Wuyi University, Wuyishan, Fujian 354300, PR China.
| | - Wenchao Du
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu Engineering Lab of Water and Soil Eco-Remediation, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Shaogui Yang
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu Engineering Lab of Water and Soil Eco-Remediation, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Shiyin Li
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu Engineering Lab of Water and Soil Eco-Remediation, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Limin Zhang
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu Engineering Lab of Water and Soil Eco-Remediation, Nanjing 210023, PR China; Green Economy Development Institute, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, PR China
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Han C, Zhang C, Liu Y, Li Y, Zhou T, Khan S, Chen N, Zhao C. The capacity of ion adsorption and purification for coniferous forests is stronger than that of broad-leaved forests. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 215:112137. [PMID: 33740490 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In the past few decades, industrialization has caused a large number of pollutants to be released into the atmosphere. Forest ecosystems play an important function in regulating the biogeochemistry and the circulation of metal ions pollutants. Forest ecosystems affect the absorption of pollutants and dissolution of nutrients from the atmosphere and vegetation canopy, thereby influencing the content and composition of forest floor leachate and soil solution. This study examined changes in acid anions (NO3-, SO42-, Cl-) and metal cations (K+, Ca2+, Na2+, Mg2+, Fe3+, Pb2+, Cu2+, Cd2+) in rainfall, throughfall, stemflow, and forest floor leachate for five different forests (Larix principis-rupprechtii, Picea wilsonii, Picea crassifolia, Betula platyphylla and Rhododendron communities). The results showed that the enrichment capacity of acid anions and metal cations in the vegetation canopy of the coniferous forests (L. principis-rupprechtii, P. wilsonii, P. crassifolia) was stronger than that of the broad-leaved forests (B. platyphylla and Rhododendron communities). The content of acid anions and metal cations in stemflow of coniferous forests were 3.7-5.6 times and 0-9.3 times higher than those of broad-leaved forests, respectively. Corresponding values in throughfall were 1-1.4 times and 0.3-2.4 times, respectively. The contents of NO3-, Cl-, K+, Mg2+, Fe3+, Pb2+, Cu2+, and Cd2+ in leachate filtered from the soil layers that are deepening gradually showed consistent decreasing trend for all the forest stands. In addition, NO3-, Cl-, K+, Mg2+, Fe3+, and Pb2+ were also concentrated in the topsoil, except for Cu2+ and Cd2+. Nevertheless, SO42- and Na+ were concentrated in the subsoil, whereas Ca2+ was concentrated in the upper soil layers. Soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN) contents in coniferous forest stands were 20-37% and 34-63% higher than those in broad-leaved forest stands, respectively. This results also shown that the contents of OC and TN has a strong correlation with the content of partial metal cations in soil and litter, indicating that coniferous forest stands had stronger ion scavenging and adsorption capacity in soil layer and litter layer than broad-leaved forest stands. Therefore, L. principis-rupprechtii, P. wilsonii, P. crassifolia had higher air pollutant adsorption and soil pollution remediation capacities than the other two forests. Thus, we recommend planting coniferous tree species (L. principis-rupprechtii, P. wilsonii and P. crassifolia) for eco-rehabilitation and water purification to improve the ecological service function of forest ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Han
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland and Agro-Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China; Gansu provincial field scientific observation and research station of mountain ecosystems, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Cankun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland and Agro-Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China; Gansu provincial field scientific observation and research station of mountain ecosystems, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Yongjing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland and Agro-Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China; Gansu provincial field scientific observation and research station of mountain ecosystems, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Yage Li
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland and Agro-Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China; Gansu provincial field scientific observation and research station of mountain ecosystems, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Tairan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland and Agro-Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China; Gansu provincial field scientific observation and research station of mountain ecosystems, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Salman Khan
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland and Agro-Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China; Gansu provincial field scientific observation and research station of mountain ecosystems, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Ning Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland and Agro-Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China; Gansu provincial field scientific observation and research station of mountain ecosystems, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Changming Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland and Agro-Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China; Gansu provincial field scientific observation and research station of mountain ecosystems, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China.
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Anae J, Ahmad N, Kumar V, Thakur VK, Gutierrez T, Yang XJ, Cai C, Yang Z, Coulon F. Recent advances in biochar engineering for soil contaminated with complex chemical mixtures: Remediation strategies and future perspectives. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 767:144351. [PMID: 33453509 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal/metalloids (HMs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soil have caused serious environmental problems, compromised agriculture quality, and have detrimental effects on all forms of life including humans. There is a need to develop appropriate and effective remediation methods to resolve combined contaminated problems. Although conventional technologies exist to tackle contaminated soils, application of biochar as an effective renewable adsorbent for enhanced bioremediation is considered by many scientific researchers as a promising strategy to mitigate HM/PAH co-contaminated soils. This review aims to: (i) provide an overview of biochar preparation and its application, and (ii) critically discuss and examine the prospects of (bio)engineered biochar for enhancing HMs/PAHs co-remediation efficacy by reducing their mobility and bioavailability. The adsorption effectiveness of a biochar largely depends on the type of biomass material, carbonisation method and pyrolysis conditions. Biochar induced soil immobilise and remove metal ions via various mechanisms including electrostatic attractions, ion exchange, complexation and precipitation. PAHs remediation mechanisms are achieved via pore filling, hydrophobic effect, electrostatic attraction, hydrogen bond and partitioning. During last decade, biochar engineering (modification) via biological and chemical approaches to enhance contaminant removal efficiency has garnered greater interests. Hence, the development and application of (bio)engineered biochars in risk management, contaminant management associated with HM/PAH co-contaminated soil. In terms of (bio)engineered biochar, we review the prospects of amalgamating biochar with hydrogel, digestate and bioaugmentation to produce biochar composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerry Anae
- School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Cranfield, MK43 0AL, UK
| | - Nafees Ahmad
- School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Cranfield, MK43 0AL, UK; Environmental Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Vinod Kumar
- School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Cranfield, MK43 0AL, UK
| | - Vijay Kumar Thakur
- Biorefining and Advanced Materials Research Centre, Scotland's Rural College, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG, UK
| | - Tony Gutierrez
- Institute of Mechanical, Process and Energy Engineering (IMPEE), School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Xiao Jin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China; State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Chao Cai
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Zhugen Yang
- School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Cranfield, MK43 0AL, UK
| | - Frederic Coulon
- School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Cranfield, MK43 0AL, UK.
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15
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Wei Z, Wang JJ, Fultz LM, White P, Jeong C. Application of biochar in estrogen hormone-contaminated and manure-affected soils: Impact on soil respiration, microbial community and enzyme activity. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 270:128625. [PMID: 33077185 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Biochar as a soil amendment has been proposed for enhancing carbon sequestration and manure-borne hormone contaminant remediation. However, little is known about the ecological risk of biochar application in the soil with hormone contamination. This study investigated the influence of biochar in three manure-impacted soils contaminated with estrogen hormones, natural estrogen 17β-estradiol and synthesized estrogen 17α-ethinylestradiol in a microcosm experiment. Specifically, microbial respiration was periodically determined during microcosm incubation while microbial community phospholipid fatty acids and activities of nutrient (C, N, P, S) cycling related enzymes (β-glucosidase, urease, phosphodiesterase, arylsulfatase) were characterized after the incubation. Results showed that the manure-impacted soils with high SOC generally had greater total microbial biomass, ratios of fungi/bacteria and Gram-positive bacteria/Gram-negative bacteria, and phosphodiesterase activity, but lower urease activity. Additionally, hormones stimulated microbial respiration and biomass, while had little impact on activity of the enzymes. On the other hand, biochar showed negative priming effect by significantly decreasing total microbial biomass by 8.7%-26.4%, CO2 production by 16.6%-33.5%, and glucosidase activity by 27.1%-41.0% in the three soils. Biochar significantly increased the activity of phosphodiesterase, showed no impact on arylsulfatase, while decreased the activity of urease. Overall, the study suggests that when used in hormone remediation in manure-impact soils, biochar could improve phosphodiesterase activity, but may decrease soil microbial activity and the activity of soil glucosidase and urease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Wei
- School of Plant, Environment & Soil Sciences, Louisiana State University Agcenter, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, United States
| | - Jim J Wang
- School of Plant, Environment & Soil Sciences, Louisiana State University Agcenter, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, United States.
| | - Lisa M Fultz
- School of Plant, Environment & Soil Sciences, Louisiana State University Agcenter, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, United States
| | - Paul White
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, Sugarcane Research Unit, Houma, LA, 70360, United States
| | - Changyoon Jeong
- Red River Research Station, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Bossier City, LA, 71112, United States
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16
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Salam MMA, Mohsin M, Rasheed F, Ramzan M, Zafar Z, Pulkkinen P. Assessment of European and hybrid aspen clones efficiency based on height growth and removal percentage of petroleum hydrocarbons-a field trial. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:45555-45567. [PMID: 32803602 PMCID: PMC7686197 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10453-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Soils polluted by organic or inorganic pollutants are an emerging global environmental issue due to their toxic effects. A phytoremediation experiment was conducted to evaluate the extraction potential of three European aspen clones (R2, R3, and R4) and seven hybrid aspen clones (14, 27, 34, 134, 172, 191, and 291) grown in soils polluted with hydrocarbons (includes polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH)). Height growth, plant survival rates, and .hydrocarbon removal efficiencies were investigated over a 4-year period at a site in Somerharju, Luumaki Finland, to assess the remediation potential of the clones. Hydrocarbon content in the soil was determined by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. The results revealed that hybrid aspen clones 14 and 34 and European aspen clone R3 achieved greater height growth (171, 171, and 114 cm, respectively) than the other clones in the study. Further, the greatest removals of PAH (90% at depth 10-50 cm) and (86% at depth 5-10 cm) were observed in plot G15 planted with clone R2. Furthermore, the greatest TPH removal rate at 5-10 cm depth (C22-C40, 97%; C10-C40, 96%; and C10-C21, 90%) was observed in plot 117 with clone 134. However, other clones demonstrated an ability to grow in soils with elevated levels of TPH and PAH, which indicates their tolerance to hydrocarbons and their potential capacity for phytoremediation of hydrocarbon-polluted soils. Our study suggests that European aspen and hybrid aspen clones could be used for the remediation of soils polluted with PAH and TPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mir Md Abdus Salam
- School of Forest Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistokatu 7, P.O. Box 111, 80100, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Muhammad Mohsin
- School of Forest Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistokatu 7, P.O. Box 111, 80100, Joensuu, Finland.
| | - Fahad Rasheed
- Department of Forestry & Range Management, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ramzan
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
- Department of Soil and Water Conservation and Desertification, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Zikria Zafar
- Department of Forestry & Range Management, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Pertti Pulkkinen
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Haapastensyrjä Research Unit, Haapastensyrjäntie 34, 12600, Layliainen, Finland
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17
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Ranguin R, Jean-Marius C, Yacou C, Gaspard S, Feidt C, Rychen G, Delannoy M. Reduction of chlordecone environmental availability by soil amendment of biochars and activated carbons from lignocellulosic biomass. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:41093-41104. [PMID: 31975004 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-07366-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Chlordecone (kepone or CLD) was formerly used in French West Indies as an insecticide. Despite its formal ban in 1993, high levels of this pesticide are still found in soils. As such, sequestering matrices like biochars or activated carbons (ACs) may successfully decrease the bioavailability of halogenated compounds like CLD when added to contaminated soils. The present study intends (i) to produce contrasted sequestering matrices in order to (ii) assess their respective efficiency to reduce CLD environmental availability. Hence, the work was designed following two experimental steps. The first one consisted at producing different sequestering media (biochars and ACs) via pyrolysis and distinct activation processes, using two lignocellulosic precursors (raw biomass): oak wood (Quercus ilex) and coconut shell (Cocos nucifera). The chemical activation was carried out with phosphoric acid while physical activation was done with carbon dioxide and steam. In the second step, the CLD environmental availability was assessed either in an OECD artificial soil or in an Antillean contaminated nitisol (i.e., 2.1-1μg CLD per g of soil dry matter, DM), both amended with 5 wt% of biochar or 5 wt% of AC. These both steps aim to determine CLD environmental availability reduction efficiency of these media when added (i) to a standard soil material or (ii) to a soil representative of the Antillean CLD contamination context. Textural characteristics of the derived coconut and oak biochars and ACs were determined by nitrogen adsorption at 77 K. Mixed microporous and mesoporous textures consisting of high pore volume (ranging from 0.38 cm3.g-1 to 2.00 cm3.g-1) and specific (BET) surface areas from 299.9 m2.g-1 to 1285.1 m2.g-1 were obtained. Overall, soil amendment with biochars did not limit CLD environmental availability (environmental availability assay ISO/DIS 16751 Part B). When soil was amended with ACs, a significant reduction of the environmental availability in both artificial and natural soils was observed. AC soil amendment resulted in a reduced CLD transfer by at least 65% (P < 0.001) for all lignocellulosic matrices (excepted for coconut sample activated with steam, which displayed a 47% reduction). These features confirm that both pore structure and extent of porosity are of particular importance in the retention process of CLD in aged soil. Owing to its adsorptive properties, AC amendment of CLD-contaminated soils appears as a promising approach to reduce the pollutant transfer to fauna and biota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Ranguin
- Laboratoire COVACHIMM, EA 3592, Université des Antilles et de la Guyane, BP 250, 97157, Pointe-à-Pitre Cedex, Guadeloupe, France
| | - Corine Jean-Marius
- Laboratoire COVACHIMM, EA 3592, Université des Antilles et de la Guyane, BP 250, 97157, Pointe-à-Pitre Cedex, Guadeloupe, France
| | - Christelle Yacou
- Laboratoire COVACHIMM, EA 3592, Université des Antilles et de la Guyane, BP 250, 97157, Pointe-à-Pitre Cedex, Guadeloupe, France
| | - Sarra Gaspard
- Laboratoire COVACHIMM, EA 3592, Université des Antilles et de la Guyane, BP 250, 97157, Pointe-à-Pitre Cedex, Guadeloupe, France.
| | - Cyril Feidt
- Université de Lorraine-INRA (USC340), URAFPA, 54500, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Guido Rychen
- Université de Lorraine-INRA (USC340), URAFPA, 54500, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Matthieu Delannoy
- Université de Lorraine-INRA (USC340), URAFPA, 54500, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France.
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Igalavithana AD, Choi SW, Shang J, Hanif A, Dissanayake PD, Tsang DCW, Kwon JH, Lee KB, Ok YS. Carbon dioxide capture in biochar produced from pine sawdust and paper mill sludge: Effect of porous structure and surface chemistry. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 739:139845. [PMID: 32758935 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The CO2 concentration in the atmosphere is increasing and threatening the earth's climate. Selective CO2 capture at large point sources will help to reduce the CO2 emissions to the atmosphere. Biochar with microporous structure could be a potential material to capture CO2. The impact of feedstock type, pyrolysis temperature and steam activation of biochars were evaluated for CO2 adsorption capacity. Pine sawdust biochars were produced at 550 °C, and steam activated for 45 min at the same temperature after completing the pyrolysis (PS550 and PSS550). Paper mill sludge biochars were produced at 300 and 600 °C (PMS300 and PMS600). The CO2 adsorption capacity of biochars was tested at 25 °C using a volumetric sorption analyzer. Pine sawdust biochars showed significantly higher CO2 adsorption capacity than paper mill sludge biochars due to high surface area and microporosity. Pine sawdust biochars were then evaluated for dynamic adsorption under representative post-combustion flue gas concentration conditions (15% CO2, 85% N2) using a breakthrough rig. Both materials showed selective CO2 uptake over N2 which is the major component along with CO2 in flue gas. PSS550 had slightly higher CO2 adsorption capacity (0.73 mmol g^-1 vs 0.67 mmol g^-1) and CO2 over N2 selectivity (26 vs 18) than PS550 possibly due to increase of microporosity, surface area, and oxygen containing basic functional groups through steam activation. Pine sawdust biochar is an environmentally friendly and low-cost material to capture CO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avanthi Deshani Igalavithana
- Korea Biochar Research Center, APRU Sustainable Waste Management Program & Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Wan Choi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Shang
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Aamir Hanif
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Pavani Dulanja Dissanayake
- Korea Biochar Research Center, APRU Sustainable Waste Management Program & Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Daniel C W Tsang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jung-Hwan Kwon
- Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Bong Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yong Sik Ok
- Korea Biochar Research Center, APRU Sustainable Waste Management Program & Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
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Urbaniak M, Baran A, Lee S, Kannan K. Utilization of PCB-contaminated Hudson River sediment by thermal processing and phytoremediation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 738:139841. [PMID: 32526423 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The need to dispose of dredged sediments and development of appropriate technology for their safe utilization has become a growing problem in recent years. It has been proposed that dredged, fresh sediments can be utilized in agriculture or environment; however there is also growing interest in the use of thermally-treated sediments. Hence, the aim of this study was threefold: 1) to evaluate the effect of two incineration temperatures (300 °C and 600 °C) on the chemical and ecotoxicological properties of sediment; 2) select the appropriate treatment for further phytoremediation experiments with zucchini; and 3) assess the impact of sediment admixture on the physico-chemical parameters of soil, based on the responses of Aliivibrio fischeri and growth of zucchini (Cucurbita pepo L. cv 'Black Beauty'). A range of chemical (inductively-coupled plasma optical emission spectrophotometry for macro- and trace elements; gas chromatography for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)), ecotoxicological (Microtox assay), and plant morphology (biomass measurement) as well as physiological analyses (spectrophotometry for chlorophyll) were applied. River sediments incinerated at 600 °C resulted in better chemical and ecotoxicological properties than incinerated at 300 °C or no incinerated. Incineration at 600 °C removed PCBs from sediment. In culture experiments conducted with zucchini, sediment treated at 300 °C demonstrated a 51-81% reduction in PCB concentrations compared to untreated sediment. After four weeks of growth, the raw sediment showed a significant increase in K, Fe, Cr, Pb, Zn concentrations, whereas the thermally-processed sediment showed a decrease in Ca, Na, P, Cd, Cu, Ni, and Zn concentrations. Both the fresh and thermally-treated sediment types influenced plant growth positively: they demonstrated higher biomass production than plants grown in control soil; however, plants grown on soil with thermally-processed sediment demonstrated lower biomass than those grown in raw sediment. Chlorophyll content was affected negatively by admixtures of soil with treated or untreated sediment, while a lower chlorophyll a/b ratio was observed in plants grown on an admixture of thermally-treated sediment with soil. Our findings suggest that the use of sediments as a growth medium component may be a promising way for their utilization and transformation from waste material to a valuable resource enhancing the benefits to the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Urbaniak
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Empire State Plaza, P.O. Box 509, Albany, NY 12201-0509, USA; UNESCO Chair of Ecohydrology and Applied Ecology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Baran
- University of Agriculture in Krakow, Faculty of Agriculture and Economics, Department of Agricultural and Environmental Chemistry, Al. Mickiewicza 21, 31-120 Krakow, Poland
| | - Sunmi Lee
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Empire State Plaza, P.O. Box 509, Albany, NY 12201-0509, USA
| | - Kurunthachalam Kannan
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Empire State Plaza, P.O. Box 509, Albany, NY 12201-0509, USA; Department of Pediatrics and Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
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Zheng X, Jin M, Xu H, Chen W, Zhang Y, Yang M, Shao X, Xu Z, Wang W. Enhanced Simultaneous Nitrogen and Phosphorus Removal in A Denitrifying Biological Filter Using Waterworks Sludge Ceramsite Coupled with Iron-Carbon. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16152646. [PMID: 31344958 PMCID: PMC6695854 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16152646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
In this study, waterworks sludge ceramsite (WSC) was combined with 3% iron-carbon matrix in a denitrifying biological filter (ICWSC-DNBF) to enhance the simultaneous removal of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in secondary effluent of wastewater treatment plant (SE-WTP). The chemical oxygen demand (COD) and nitrogen removal, as well as phosphorus removal and the adsorbed forms of phosphorus were measured and the removal mechanism of these pollutants by the ICWSC-DNBF system for treating SE-WTP were investigated. The results showed that the ICWSC-DNBF achieved good removals of COD, NH4+-N, NO3--N, total N and total P; effluent concentrations were 17.23 mg/L, 3.72 mg/L, 14.32 mg/L, 17.38 mg/L and 0.82 mg/L, respectively. WSC enhanced the P removal due to its high specific surface area and the high number of adsorption sites. Fe-P and Al-P were the main forms of P adsorbed by WSC, accounting for 78.53% of the total adsorbed P. WSC coupled with Fe and C improved the biodegradability of SE-WTP and promoted the removal of organic matter. The removal of N was attributed to the abundant denitrifying microorganisms in the system and the electrochemical effect produced by the internal electrolysis of Fe and C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China.
| | - Mengqi Jin
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Hang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Mengmeng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Xiaoyao Shao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Zhi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Weihong Wang
- College of Hydraulic and Civil Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Nongda east road No.311, Sayibak District, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China, 830052
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Oleszczuk P, Rakowska M, Bucheli TD, Godlewska P, Reible DD. Combined Effects of Plant Cultivation and Sorbing Carbon Amendments on Freely Dissolved PAHs in Contaminated Soil. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:4860-4868. [PMID: 30920807 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b06265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We report freely dissolved concentrations ( Cfree) of PAHs in soils amended with 2.5% biochar and activated carbon (AC) during a long-term (18-months) field experiment. The study evaluates also the impact of different plants (clover, grass, willow) on Cfree PAHs. The cumulative effect of treatments on nitrogen and available forms of phosphorus, potassium, and magnesium is also assessed. The direct addition of biochar to soil did not cause any immediate reduction of the sum of 16 Cfree PAHs, while AC resulted in a slight reduction of 5- and 6 ring compounds. The efficiency of binding of Cfree PAHs by biochar and AC increased with time. For biochar, the maximum reduction of 4-6-ring PAHs (18-67%) was achieved within 6 months. For 2- and 3-ring PAHs, a gradual decrease of Cfree was observed which reached 60-66% at 18 months. AC proved to be better in reducing Cfree PAHs than biochar, though for 2- and 3-ring PAHs, the differences in AC and biochar performances were smaller than those for 4-6-ring PAHs. After 18 months, a significantly lower content of Cfree PAHs was observed in the soil with plants compared to the unplanted soil. Except for potassium, AC or biochar did not negatively impact nutrient availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patryk Oleszczuk
- Department of Environmental Chemistry , Faculty of Chemistry , 3 Maria Curie-Skłodowska , Square, 20-031 Lublin , Poland
- Civil, Environmental, and Construction Engineering , Texas Tech University , Lubbock , Texas 79409 , United States
| | - Magdalena Rakowska
- Civil, Environmental, and Construction Engineering , Texas Tech University , Lubbock , Texas 79409 , United States
| | - Thomas D Bucheli
- Agroscope, Environmental Analytics , Reckenholzstrasse 191 , 8046 Zürich , Switzerland
| | - Paulina Godlewska
- Department of Environmental Chemistry , Faculty of Chemistry , 3 Maria Curie-Skłodowska , Square, 20-031 Lublin , Poland
| | - Danny D Reible
- Civil, Environmental, and Construction Engineering , Texas Tech University , Lubbock , Texas 79409 , United States
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Yuan P, Wang J, Pan Y, Shen B, Wu C. Review of biochar for the management of contaminated soil: Preparation, application and prospect. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 659:473-490. [PMID: 31096377 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.12.400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
As a multi-beneficial amendment, biochar is reasonable and reliable to be employed as an amendment to implement soil remediation. An overview on the manufacture, applications for contaminated soil restoration and revegetation, as well as recommended aspects for future work has been accomplished. One of the objectives of this work presented herein was to determine the effect of feedstock and preparation conditions such as pyrolysis temperature, retention time, gas flow rate, additives on the biochar characteristics and application potentials. Besides, relevant modification or activation technologies have been discussed for the improvement of the biochar functions. The application of biochar could adjust the soil structure (surface area, pore size and distribution etc.), improve the soil physicochemical properties (pH, cation exchange capacity, water retention capacity etc.) and enhance the uptake of soil nutrients for plant growth; In addition, it also can be used to adsorb various contaminants (heavy metals, organic matters), modify the habit and function of microorganism and mitigate climate problem by changing the bioavailability of elements (C, N, K etc.) in soil. These results also provided the possibility to expend the application of biochar to modify the degraded soils in the saline-alkali soil and industrial regions, further increase the usable area of cultivated land. The future research directions could be suggested as long-term field trials, the evaluation of environmental risk and the optimization of biochar production. Moreover, the relevant mechanisms should be adequately considered for maximizing the all-around efficiency of biochar amendments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Yuan
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, PR China
| | - Jianqiao Wang
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, PR China
| | - Yijun Pan
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, PR China
| | - Boxiong Shen
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, PR China.
| | - Chunfei Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
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Abel S, Akkanen J. Novel, Activated Carbon-Based Material for in-Situ Remediation of Contaminated Sediments. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:3217-3224. [PMID: 30781950 PMCID: PMC6727589 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b06471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Applying activated carbon (AC) to contaminated sediments is an in-situ approach to remediation with great potential. The bioavailability of persistent organic pollutants can be rapidly reduced and kept low over long periods of time. However, there are limitations to the method. The high buoyancy of AC particles makes their application difficult in the field, and AC retention on the amended site can be low in turbulent waters. Furthermore, the fine particles of powdered AC (PAC) can have adverse effects on organisms, but their remediation potential is superior to coarser, granular ACs (GAC). To tackle these shortcomings, a novel sorbent material was developed, consisting of PAC embedded into a stable, granular clay-matrix, significantly reducing buoyancy. These AC-clay granules (ACC-G) were tested for remediation potential (PCB-bioaccumulation reduction) and adverse effects on the benthic invertebrates Chironomus riparius and Lumbriculus variegatus. The novel ACC-G material was compared to GAC of the same particle size, the clay-matrix, and PAC. The findings show that ACC-G has a significantly higher remediation potential than GAC, allowing for reductions in PCB-bioaccumulation of up to 89%. Adverse effects could not be totally eliminated with ACC-G, but they were less severe than with PAC, likely due to the increased particle size.
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24
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Delannoy M, Yehya S, Techer D, Razafitianamaharavo A, Richard A, Caria G, Baroudi M, Montargès-Pelletier E, Rychen G, Feidt C. Amendment of soil by biochars and activated carbons to reduce chlordecone bioavailability in piglets. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 210:486-494. [PMID: 30025366 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.05.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Chlordecone (Kepone or CLD) is a highly persistent pesticide formerly used in French West Indies. Nowadays high levels of this pesticide are still found in soils which represent a subsequent source of contamination for outdoor-reared animals. In that context, sequestering matrices like biochars or activated carbons (ACs) are believed to efficiently decrease the bioavailability of such compounds when added to contaminated soils. The present study intends to test the respective efficiency of soil amendment strategies using commercial ACs or biochars (obtained by a 500 °C or 700 °C pyrolysis of 4 distinct type of wood). This study involved three experimental steps. The first one characterized specific surface areas of biochars and ACs. The second one assessed CLD-availability of contaminated artificial soils (50 μg g-1 of Dry Matter) amended with 5% of biochar or AC (mass basis). The third one assessed CLD bioavailability of those artificial soils through an in vivo assay. To limit ethically the number of animals, selections of the most promising media were performed between each experimental steps. Forty four castrated male 40-day-old piglets were exposed during 10 day by amended artificial soils according to their group (n = 4). Only treatment groups exposed through amended soil with AC presented a significant decrease of concentrations of CLD in liver and adipose tissue in comparison with the control group (p < 0.001). A non-significant decrease was obtained by amending artificial soil with biochars. This decrease was particularly high for a coconut shell activated carbon were relative bioavailability was found lower than 3.2% for both tissues. This study leads to conclude that AC introduced in CLD contaminated soil should strongly reduce CLD bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Delannoy
- Université de Lorraine, Inra, URAFPA, F-54000, Nancy, France.
| | - S Yehya
- Université de Lorraine, Inra, URAFPA, F-54000, Nancy, France; Department of Health and Environment, Lebanese University - Faculty of Public Health Section III, Laboratory of Water and Environmental Sciences, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - D Techer
- Université de Lorraine, Inra, URAFPA, F-54000, Nancy, France
| | - A Razafitianamaharavo
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, 15 Avenue du Charmois, F-54500, Vandoeuvre-Les-Nancy, France
| | - A Richard
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux UMR 7360 CNRS - Université de Lorraine, France
| | - G Caria
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux UMR 7360 CNRS - Université de Lorraine, France
| | - M Baroudi
- Department of Health and Environment, Lebanese University - Faculty of Public Health Section III, Laboratory of Water and Environmental Sciences, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - E Montargès-Pelletier
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, 15 Avenue du Charmois, F-54500, Vandoeuvre-Les-Nancy, France
| | - G Rychen
- Université de Lorraine, Inra, URAFPA, F-54000, Nancy, France
| | - C Feidt
- Université de Lorraine, Inra, URAFPA, F-54000, Nancy, France
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Yang J, Ma T, Li X, Tu J, Dang Z, Yang C. Removal of Heavy Metals and Metalloids by Amino-Modified Biochar Supporting Nanoscale Zero-Valent Iron. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2018; 47:1196-1204. [PMID: 30272773 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2017.08.0320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI), an environmentally benign material, has been used to remove heavy metals and metalloids from the aqueous phase because of its high reactivity and abundant reactive sites. To improve the stability of nZVI, nanoscale zero-valent iron supported by amino-modified biochar (ZVIA-BC) was prepared and characterized. Its ability to remove heavy metals and metalloid was investigated. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analyses showed that the amino group was chemically bound to the functional groups of biochar. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray diffraction revealed that zero-valent iron was loaded on the biochar surface. High-resolution transmission electron microscope images showed that the particle size of iron was ∼50 nm and the particles consisted of roughly spherical cores covered with a shell that was uniformly 2- to 3-nm thick. Furthermore, measuring the zeta potentials at various pH values indicated that the iso-electric points occurred within the pH range of 7.50 to 7.56. Additionally, heavy metals and metalloids, including Cd(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Cr(VI) and As(V) adsorption isotherms, on ZVIA-BC were significantly nonlinear, and ZVIA-BC exhibited a superior ability to remove these heavy metals and metalloids, especially for Cr(VI) and As(V). Characterization with high-resolution XPS revealed that reduction of heavy metals and metalloids occurred on the surface of ZVIA-BC. The main mechanisms for removal were reduction, complexation, co-precipitation, and electrostatic interaction.
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26
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Oleszczuk P, Kołtowski M. Changes of total and freely dissolved polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and toxicity of biochars treated with various aging processes. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 237:65-73. [PMID: 29474988 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.01.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of biochar aging on the content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) (the total content - Ctot, and the freely dissolved - Cfree) in biochar and its ecotoxicity. Two biochars (BCS and BCM) with varying properties were aged for 420 days at different temperatures (-20 °C, 4 °C, 20 °C, 70 °C), at a variable temperature (-20/20 °C), in the presence of nutrients, and in the presence of inoculum and nutrients. After the aging process, Ctot and Cfree PAHs were determined in samples obtained and an ecotoxicological analysis was performed, which involved tests with bacteria (Vibrio fischeri), invertebrates (Folsomia candida) and plants (Lepidium sativum). Aging significantly affected all the parameters tested. The range of changes in the studied parameters depended on the type of biochar and ageing conditions. In the case of most of the aging methods, PAH content (Ctot, Cfree) and toxicity were found to decrease. Aging in the presence of microorganisms and nutrients and in the presence of nutrients alone caused the greatest reduction in Ctot PAH content (a reduction from 30 to 100% relative to non-aged biochar), Cfree PAH content (a reduction from 12 to 100%), root growth inhibition (a reduction from 73 to 90%), and luminescence inhibition (a reduction from 24 to 100%). In the case of Cfree PAHs and toxicity to F. candida, some aging methods caused their increase. The study also found a significant relationship between the changes in Ctot PAH content during aging and inhibition of root growth (BCS, BCM) and inhibition of V. fischerii luminescence (BCM). In no case was a significant correlation (P ≥ 0.05) between Cfree PAHs and the investigated toxicity parameters found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patryk Oleszczuk
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, 3 Maria Curie-Skłodowska, Square, 20-031 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Michał Kołtowski
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, 3 Maria Curie-Skłodowska, Square, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
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Bielská L, Škulcová L, Neuwirthová N, Cornelissen G, Hale SE. Sorption, bioavailability and ecotoxic effects of hydrophobic organic compounds in biochar amended soils. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 624:78-86. [PMID: 29247907 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.12.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This work addresses the effect of biochar amendment to soil on contaminant sorption, bioavailability, and ecotoxicity. A distinction between positive primary amendment effects caused by reduced toxicity resulting from contaminant sorption, and negative secondary amendment effects of the biochars themselves was seen. Two biochars (one from high technology and one from low technology production processes) representing real world biochars were tested for the adsorption of pyrene, polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) 52), and dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE). Sorption by both biochars was similar, both for compounds in single and mixed isotherms, in the presence and absence of soil. p,p'-DDE natively contaminated and spiked soils were amended with biochar (0, 1, 5, and 10%) and bioavailability, operationally defined bioaccessibility and ecotoxicity were assessed using polyethylene (PE), polymeric resin (XAD) and Folsomia candida, respectively. At the highest biochar dose (10%), bioavailability and bioaccessibility decreased by >37% and >41%, respectively, compared to unamended soils. Mortality of F. candida was not observed at any biochar dose, while reproductive effects were dose dependent. F. candida benefited from the reduction of p,p'-DDE bioavailability upon 1% and 5% biochar addition to contaminated soils while at 10% dose, these positive effects were nullified by biochar-induced toxicity. p,p'-DDE toxicity corrected for such secondary effects was predicted well by both PE uptake and XAD extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Bielská
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Lucia Škulcová
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - Gerard Cornelissen
- Norwegian Geotechnical Institute (NGI), Department of Environmental Engineering, Oslo, Norway; Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway
| | - Sarah E Hale
- Norwegian Geotechnical Institute (NGI), Department of Environmental Engineering, Oslo, Norway
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LAHORI AH, GUO Z, ZHANG Z, LI R, MAHAR A, AWASTHI MK, SHEN F, SIAL TA, KUMBHAR F, WANG P, JIANG S. Use of Biochar as an Amendment for Remediation of Heavy Metal-Contaminated Soils: Prospects and Challenges. PEDOSPHERE 2017; 27:991-1014. [DOI: 10.1016/s1002-0160(17)60490-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
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29
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Oleszczuk P, Godlewska P, Reible DD, Kraska P. Bioaccessibility of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in activated carbon or biochar amended vegetated (Salix viminalis) soil. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 227:406-413. [PMID: 28486184 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.04.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of activated carbon (AC) or biochars on the bioaccessibility (Cbioacc) of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soils vegetated with willow (Salix viminalis). The study determined the effect of willow on the Cbioacc PAHs and the effect of the investigated amendments on changes in dissolved organic carbon (DOC), crop yield and the content of PAHs in plants. PAH-contaminated soil was amended with 2.5 wt% AC or biochar. Samples from individual plots with and without plants were collected at the beginning of the experiment and after 3, 6, 12 and 18 months. The Cbioacc PAHs were determined using sorptive bioaccessibility extraction (SBE) (silicon rods and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin). Both AC and biochar caused a decrease in the Cbioacc PAHs. Immediately after adding AC, straw-derived biochar or willow-derived biochar to the soil, the reduction in the sum of 16 (Σ16) Cbioacc PAHs was 70.3, 38.0, and 29.3%, respectively. The highest reduction of Cbioacc was observed for 5- and 6-ring PAHs (from 54.4 to 100%), whereas 2-ring PAHs were reduced only 8.0-25.4%. The reduction of Cbioacc PAHs increased over time. Plants reduced Cbioacc in all soils although effects varied by soil treatment and PAH. Willow grown in AC- and biochar-amended soil accumulated less phenanthrene than in the control soil. The presence of AC in the soil also affected willow yield and shoot length and DOC was reduced from 53.5 to 66.9% relative to unamended soils. In the biochars-amended soil, no changes in soil DOC content were noted nor effects on willow shoot length.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patryk Oleszczuk
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska, Lublin, Poland; Civil, Environmental, and Construction Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA.
| | - Paulina Godlewska
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska, Lublin, Poland
| | - Danny D Reible
- Civil, Environmental, and Construction Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Piotr Kraska
- Department of Agricultural Ecology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
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