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Czernicka M, Puchalski C, Pawlak R, Szostek M, Szpunar-Krok E. Analysis of the Free Amino Acid Profile of Barley Grain from Organic Fertilisation with Ash from Biomass Combustion. Molecules 2023; 29:95. [PMID: 38202678 PMCID: PMC10779924 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29010095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Fertilisation with ash from biomass combustion has a positive effect on the quality of nutrients in agrifood raw materials, improving their chemical composition and bioavailability. In the experiments carried out, the protein content and the profile of free amino acids in barley flour were examined from cultivation fertilised with biomass ash at various doses. Barley flour from Haplic Luvisol soil was characterised by a significantly higher (by 13.8% on average) total protein content compared to flour obtained from grains from Gleyic Chernozem soil. The highest protein content but a low content of free amino acids were found in the grains of plants fertilised with the mineral NPK (D1). An increase in the total pool of free amino acids in flour was observed, especially in the case of Haplic Luvisol soil. On average, after fertilising, significantly more ASP, ASN, GLU, GLY, ALA, and CYS were obtained in variant D4 (1.5 t·ha-1), and there were also significantly more TAU and GABA than in the control, up by 30.2% and 23%, respectively. A beneficial effect of fertilisation on the essential amino acid content in barley flour was found, but only up to the dose of D4, when it was significantly higher than in the control and under mineral fertilising (D1), up by 23.7% and 9.2%, respectively. High ash doses reduced the content of free amino acids in the tested barley flour. This study confirmed that using an alternative method of fertilising with plant biomass ash has a beneficial effect on protein quality and nutritional value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Czernicka
- Department of Bioenergetics, Food Analysis and Microbiology, University of Rzeszow, 35-601 Rzeszow, Poland;
| | - Czesław Puchalski
- Department of Bioenergetics, Food Analysis and Microbiology, University of Rzeszow, 35-601 Rzeszow, Poland;
| | | | - Małgorzata Szostek
- Department of Soil Science, Environmental Chemistry and Hydrology, University of Rzeszow, Zelwerowicza 8b St., 35-601 Rzeszow, Poland;
| | - Ewa Szpunar-Krok
- Department of Crop Production, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, and Environmental Protection, College of Natural Science, University of Rzeszow, Zelwerowicza 4 St., 35-601 Rzeszow, Poland
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Pycia K, Szpunar-Krok E, Szostek M, Pawlak R, Juszczak L. Selected Physicochemical, Thermal, and Rheological Properties of Barley Starch Depending on the Type of Soil and Fertilization with Ash from Biomass Combustion. Foods 2023; 13:49. [PMID: 38201077 PMCID: PMC10778105 DOI: 10.3390/foods13010049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The following study analyzed the impact of fertilizing barley with fly ash from biomass combustion grown on two types of soil, Haplic Luvisol (HL) and Gleyic Chernozem (GC), on the properties of starch. The experiment was conducted in 2019 (A) and 2020 (B), and barley was fertilized with ash doses (D1-D6) differing in mineral content. In the tested barley starch samples, the amylose content, the clarity of the paste, and the content of selected minerals were determined. The thermodynamic characteristics of gelatinization and retrogradation were determined using the DSC method. Pasting characteristics, flow curves, and viscoelastic properties of starch pastes were performed. Starches differed in amylose content and paste clarity. The highest gelatinization and retrogradation enthalpy (ΔHG and ΔHR) values were recorded for samples GCD1A and HLD5B. None of the tested factors significantly affected the pasting temperature (PT), but they had a significant impact on the remaining parameters of the pasting characteristics. The average PT value of barley starches was 90.9 °C. However, GCD2A starch had the highest maximum viscosity and the highest rheological stability during heating. GCD2A paste was characterized by the highest apparent viscosity. It was shown that all pastes showed non-Newtonian flow and shear-thinning and had a predominance of elastic features over viscous ones. The resulting gels had the characteristics of weak gels. Ash from burning wood biomass is an innovative alternative to mineral fertilizers. It was shown that the use of such soil fertilization influenced the properties of barley starch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Pycia
- Department of Food Technology and Human Nutrition, Institute of Food Technology, College of Natural Science, University of Rzeszow, Zelwerowicza 4 St., 35-601 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Ewa Szpunar-Krok
- Department of Plant Production, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, and Environmental Protection, College of Natural Science, University of Rzeszow, Zelwerowicza 4 St., 35-601 Rzeszow, Poland;
| | - Małgorzata Szostek
- Department of Soil Science, Environmental Chemistry and Hydrology, College of Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszow, Zelwerowicza 8b St., 35-601 Rzeszow, Poland;
| | | | - Lesław Juszczak
- Department of Food Analysis and Evaluation of Food Quality, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Balicka 122, 30-149 Krakow, Poland;
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Ukanwa KS, Patchigolla K, Sakrabani R. Energy and economic assessment of mixed palm residue utilisation for production of activated carbon and ash as fertiliser in agriculture. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2023; 44:948-960. [PMID: 34605748 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2021.1989056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The resultant residues after thermal processes can be reused in the form of activated carbon (AC) production or used for soil amelioration. However, the economic and energy optimisation of the waste revaluation process is necessary for the prediction of technology requirements, investment boundaries and cost-benefit analysis. Mass, energy and cost estimation of the entire process were systematically executed relative to equipment sizing and type of product, as major factors in the evaluation. The economic analysis and process optimisation were quantified and evaluated with the Aspen Plus economy and an SPSS statistical tool for economic analysis. Simulation results were concomitant with economic analysis to determine the approximate annualised return on investment, profitability index and payback period, using optimised variables in the process. The four processes examined: process scenario 1-4 (pyrolysis, gasification, combustion and combined) have 16, 17, 14 and 17.2% return on investment for the 8.5, 8.2, 9.8 and 8-year payback period, respectively. The results provide a technology assessment and economic guide for investors and policymakers among others. This work is also useful for researchers in achieving the goal of efficient biomass utilisation. Palm waste ash as a potential alternative to chemical fertiliser, especially for the treatment of ultisol and acidic soils, were evaluated and it was confirmed that it is a good alternative to typical inorganic fertiliser. Finally, the results indicate that using such wastes in the AC market is a viable business option, though with high initial capital investment even though palm waste ash can be produced locally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalu Samuel Ukanwa
- Centre for Thermal Energy Systems and Materials, School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Cranfield, UK
| | - Kumar Patchigolla
- Centre for Thermal Energy Systems and Materials, School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Cranfield, UK
| | - Ruben Sakrabani
- Cranfield Soil and Agrifood Institute, Cranfield University, Cranfield, UK
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Kaur H, Tashima, Singh S, Kumar P. Reconditioning of plant metabolism by arbuscular mycorrhizal networks in cadmium contaminated soils: Recent perspectives. Microbiol Res 2023; 268:127293. [PMID: 36586201 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2022.127293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is one of the most perilous nonessential heavy metal for plants, owing to its high water solubility and obstruction with various physiological and biochemical processes. It enters food chain via plant uptake from contaminated soil, posing a grave menace to ecosystem and mankind. Green remediation comprises approaches intended at prudent use of natural resources for increasing profits to humans and environment. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are considered a promising green technological tool for remedial of Cd-polluted soils. They are naturally associated with root system of plants in Cd-contaminated soils, evidencing their tolerance to Cd. AM can decrease Cd uptake by plants broadly through two strategies: (1) extracellular mechanisms involving Cd chelation by root exudates, binding to fungal cell wall/structures or to the glycoprotein glomalin; (2) intracellular means involving transfer via hyphal network, detoxification and vacuolar sequestration mediated by complexation of Cd with glutathione (GSH), phytochelatins (PCs), metallothioneins (MTs) and polyphosphate granules. Additionally, mycorrhizal symbiosis facilitates reconditioning of plants' metabolism primarily through dilution effect, increased water and mineral uptake. Recently, AM-induced remodelling of root cell wall synthesis has been reported to improve plant vigor and survival under Cd stressed environments. The present article highlights Cd impacts on AM growth, its diversity in Cd contaminated soils, and variations among diverse AM fungal species for imparting plant Cd tolerance. The most recent perspectives on AM-mediated Cd tolerance mechanisms in plants, including cellular and molecular studies have also been reviewed for successful utilization of these beneficial microbes in sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harmanjit Kaur
- Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj 211002, Uttar Pradesh, India..
| | - Tashima
- Department of Botany, Akal University, Talwandi Sabo, Bathinda, Punjab 151302, India
| | - Sandeep Singh
- Department of Botany, Kanya Maha Vidyalaya, Jalandhar, Punjab 144004, India
| | - Pankaj Kumar
- Department of Microbiology, Dolphin (PG) Institute of Biomedical and Natural Sciences, Manduwala, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248007, India.
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Li J, Zhang W, Xu H, Zhou L, Guo H, Zhang S, Lu R, Liang X, Chang M, Liu C. Barley Grass Juice Attenuates Hydrodynamic Transfection-Induced HCC Initiation in Mice. Nutr Cancer 2023; 75:750-760. [PMID: 36495148 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2022.2151633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) grass has been recognized as a functional food with a wide spectrum of health-promoting properties. Supplementation with barley grass has the potential to prevent chronic diseases, such as cancer. Here, we investigated whether barley grass could protect against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Our data showed that administration of barley grass juice attenuates tumor development in a hydrodynamic gene delivery-induced model of HCC. The expression levels of the immune cell markers Ptprc and Adgre1 were upregulated in the barley grass juice-treated and normal groups, compared to those in the vehicle group in the HCC model. Immune cells (CD45+, F4/80+, and CLEC4F + iNOS + cells) infiltration in the liver increased following barley grass juice administration. Our results indicate that barley grass could be beneficial for HCC alleviation, partly by regulating immune cell infiltration. The ingredients of barley grass affect immune cell infiltration in HCC, and the detailed mechanism requires further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai, PR China.,Shanghai Baixin Biotechnology Company Limited, Shanghai, PR China.,College of Public Health, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Hongwei Xu
- Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Longhua Zhou
- Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Huimin Guo
- Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Shuwei Zhang
- Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Ruiju Lu
- Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Xiao Liang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, the Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Mengling Chang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, the Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Chenghong Liu
- Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai, PR China
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Budzeń M, Zając G, Sujak A, Szyszlak-Bargłowicz J, Kafarski M. Chemical composition of Lavatera thuringiaca L. biomass ash after pre-sowing stimulation of seeds with He-Ne laser light. Sci Rep 2023; 13:528. [PMID: 36631591 PMCID: PMC9834398 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-27836-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The article presents the effect of pre-sowing Lavatera thuringiaca L. seeds stimulation with He-Ne laser light on the chemical composition (P, S, K, Ca, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu and Zn content) of ash obtained after combustion of shoots of different ages. Results varied, but it was confirmed that pre-sowing exposure of seeds to this physical factor for 10-min has the most pronounced effect on K, Cu and Mn content increase (6%, 20%, 31% increase respectively) in the ash after the first year of vegetation as well as on Cu, K and Zn content increase (9%, 19%, 22% increase respectively) after the second year of vegetation. However, 30-min stimulation significantly increases Ca (8%), Mn (20%) and Fe (72%) content in ash after the second year as well as results in ash richer in Ca (22%), P (48%), K (70%) and Zn (95%) after the third year of Lavatera vegetation. The pre-sowing application of He-Ne laser light depending on the time of stimulation can intensify the content of preferable macro- and microelement groups in Lavatera ash, in respective cultivation years. It can be an innovative method of biomass ash enhancement and its more effective use in agriculture as commercial fertilizers substitute.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Budzeń
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Grzegorz Zając
- grid.411201.70000 0000 8816 7059Department of Power Engineering and Transportation, Faculty of Production Engineering, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głęboka 28, 20-612 Lublin, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Sujak
- grid.410688.30000 0001 2157 4669Department of Biosystem Engineering, Faculty of Environmental Engineering and Mechanical Engineering, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 50, 60-627 Poznań, Poland
| | - Joanna Szyszlak-Bargłowicz
- grid.411201.70000 0000 8816 7059Department of Power Engineering and Transportation, Faculty of Production Engineering, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głęboka 28, 20-612 Lublin, Poland
| | - Marcin Kafarski
- grid.413454.30000 0001 1958 0162Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290 Lublin, Poland
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Tijjani Usman IM, Ho YC, Baloo L, Lam MK, Sujarwo W. A comprehensive review on the advances of bioproducts from biomass towards meeting net zero carbon emissions (NZCE). BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 366:128167. [PMID: 36341858 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This review investigates the development of bioproducts from biomass and their contribution towards net zero carbon emissions. The promising future of biomasses conversion techniques to produce bioproducts was reviewed. The advances in anaerobic digestion as a biochemical conversion technique have been critically studied and contribute towards carbon emissions mitigation. Different applications of microalgae biomass towards carbon neutrality were comprehensively discussed, and several research findings have been tabulated in this review. The carbon footprints of wastewater treatment plants were studied, and bioenergy utilisation from sludge production was shown to mitigate carbon footprints. The carbon-sinking capability of microalgae has also been outlined. Furthermore, integrated conversion processes have shown to enhance bioproducts generation yield and quality. The anaerobic digestion/pyrolysis integrated process was promising, and potential substrates have been suggested for future research. Lastly, challenges and future perspectives of bioproducts were outlined for a contribution towards meeting carbon neutrality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Muntaqa Tijjani Usman
- Centre for Urban Resource Sustainability, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan 32610, Malaysia; Agricultural and Environmental Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Bayero University Kano, Kano 700241, Nigeria.
| | - Yeek-Chia Ho
- Centre for Urban Resource Sustainability, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan 32610, Malaysia.
| | - Lavania Baloo
- Centre for Urban Resource Sustainability, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan 32610, Malaysia.
| | - Man-Kee Lam
- HICoE-Centre for Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan 32610, Malaysia.
| | - Wawan Sujarwo
- Ethnobotany Research Group, Research Center for Ecology and Ethnobiology, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong, Bogor 16911, Indonesia.
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Mayer E, Eichermüller J, Endriss F, Baumgarten B, Kirchhof R, Tejada J, Kappler A, Thorwarth H. Utilization and recycling of wood ashes from industrial heat and power plants regarding fertilizer use. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 141:92-103. [PMID: 35101752 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2022.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
To achieve a sustainable circular economy for wood ash, the reuse of wood ash in agriculture and forestry is important. To evaluate the usability of ash from the combustion of natural as well as waste wood for application as fertilizer, wood fuel and corresponding ash fraction samples (n = 86) of four industrial wood-fired heat and power plants (>20 MW) were investigated. In different ash fractions, the concentrations of heavy metals (As, Cd, Pb, Ni, Tl, Zn) and plant nutrients (N, P, K, Ca) were assessed with regard to relevant legislation from the European Union and from selected European countries (Germany, Austria and Finland). Depending on fuel composition and combustion kinetics within the respective plants, the investigated ash fractions showed a wide range of nutrient and heavy metal contents. Apart from N which is mainly emitted with the flue gas, plant nutrients were present in substantial concentrations with mean values corresponding to 20% P, 55 % K and >95% Ca content compared to nutrient compound fertilizer. A direct application of most ash fractions from both natural and waste wood combustion is however not possible due to high contents of Cd, Pb and Ni. In order to develop the ash for secondary use, investigation for a suitable treatment process is necessary. An estimation of the nutrient recovery potential from industrial wood energy plants in southwest Germany showed that approx. 3.1% (P), 7.5% (K) and 22.8% (Ca) of raw material for fertilizers could be substituted by ash.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Mayer
- University of Applied Forest Sciences Rottenburg, Schadenweilerhof, 72108 Rottenburg, Germany
| | - Johanna Eichermüller
- University of Applied Forest Sciences Rottenburg, Schadenweilerhof, 72108 Rottenburg, Germany.
| | - Felix Endriss
- University of Applied Forest Sciences Rottenburg, Schadenweilerhof, 72108 Rottenburg, Germany
| | - Björn Baumgarten
- University of Applied Forest Sciences Rottenburg, Schadenweilerhof, 72108 Rottenburg, Germany
| | - Rainer Kirchhof
- University of Applied Forest Sciences Rottenburg, Schadenweilerhof, 72108 Rottenburg, Germany
| | - Julian Tejada
- University of Applied Forest Sciences Rottenburg, Schadenweilerhof, 72108 Rottenburg, Germany; Geomicrobiology, Center for Applied Geosciences, University of Tuebingen, Schnarrenbergstrasse 94-96, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Kappler
- Geomicrobiology, Center for Applied Geosciences, University of Tuebingen, Schnarrenbergstrasse 94-96, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Harald Thorwarth
- University of Applied Forest Sciences Rottenburg, Schadenweilerhof, 72108 Rottenburg, Germany
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Investigation of Pressed Solid Biofuel Produced from Multi-Crop Biomass. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14020799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The paper presents the preparation and use of pressed solid biofuel of multi-crop plants (fibrous hemp (Cannabis sativa L.), maize (Zea mays L.) and faba bean (Vicia faba L.)) as mono, binary and trinomial crops. The results of the investigation show that three main chemical elements (carbon, oxygen and hydrogen) accounted for 93.1 to 94.9% of the biomass pellet content. The moisture content varied from 3.9 to 8.8%, ash content from 4.5 to 6.8% and calorific value from 16.8 to 17.1 MJ·kg−1. It was found that the density (DM) of all variants of pellets was very similar; the faba bean biomass pellets had the highest density of 1195.8 kg·m−3 DM. The initial ash deformation temperature (DT) of burning biomass pellets was detected, which varied from 976 to 1322 °C. High potassium (K), calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) concentrations were found in all types of biomass ash. The quantities of heavy metals in pellet ash were not large and did not exceed the permissible values according to Lithuanian legislation. These chemical properties of multi-crop biomass ash allow them to be used in agriculture for plant fertilization.
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Aspects, problems and utilization of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal (AM) Application as Bio-fertilizer in sustainable Agriculture. CURRENT RESEARCH IN MICROBIAL SCIENCES 2022; 3:100107. [PMID: 35169758 PMCID: PMC8829076 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmicr.2022.100107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Brami C, Pérès G, Menasseri-Aubry S, Byers-Woods JD, Jacquet T, Lowe CN. Effect of Miscanthus × giganteus ash on survival, biomass, reproduction and avoidance behaviour of the endogeic earthworm Aporrectodea caliginosa. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2021; 30:431-440. [PMID: 33638753 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-021-02369-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
To achieve the EU's targets for reducing energy production from fossil fuels, the use of energy crops, such as Miscanthus × giganteus, is increasing resulting in a corresponding increase in waste ash from incineration. The chemical properties of Miscanthus ash (e.g. phosphorus and potassium content) may allow this waste material (currently landfilled) to be used as a fertiliser, but no information exists on the effect of the ash on the biological properties of soil. The main aim of this study was to determine the potential impact of Miscanthus ash on earthworms by assessing the effect on survival, change in biomass, reproduction and avoidance behaviour of the geophagous, soil dwelling earthworm, Aporrectodea caliginosa. Tests utilised a range of Miscanthus ash doses from 0 to 50 t ha-1 (0, 1, 2.5, 5, 10, 25, 50). Results showed that Miscanthus ash had no significant impact on A. caliginosa survival, biomass and reproduction, but negative trends were observed for biomass from 2.5 t ha-1 and for reproduction from 10 t ha-1. In contrast, a significant avoidance response was observed in the 25 and 50 t ha-1 treatment and according to ISO guideline 17512 there is a negative impact of the Miscanthus ash on soil habitat function at 25 t ha-1 and above as more than 80% of earthworms were in the control soil. It is suggested that this negative effect on soil habitat function could be attributed to a range of factors including the presence of heavy metals in the ash and a change in substrate pH, texture and/or osmotic stress. Further laboratory-based studies conducted over extended time periods with a more refined range of ash doses and associated field-based studies are required to validate the results and determine a more precise assessment of the threshold ash value inducing a loss of soil habitat function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Brami
- UMR SAS, Institut Agro, INRAE, 35000, Rennes, France.
- University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK.
- Phytorestore, 53 avenue Philippe Auguste, 75011, Paris, France.
| | - Guénola Pérès
- UMR SAS, Institut Agro, INRAE, 35000, Rennes, France
| | | | | | - Thierry Jacquet
- Phytorestore, 53 avenue Philippe Auguste, 75011, Paris, France
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Ondreičková K, Piliarová M, Klčová L, Žofajová A, Gubiš J, Horník M, Gubišová M, Hudcovicová M, Kraic J. The impact of sewage sludge on the fungal communities in the rhizosphere and roots of barley and on barley yield. Open Life Sci 2021; 16:210-221. [PMID: 33817312 PMCID: PMC7968536 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2021-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Current problems with sewage sludge (SS) disposal could be solved by application to agricultural land considering its fertilizer properties and ability to improve soil condition. However, SS may contain heavy metals as well as pathogenic microorganisms. In this study, molecular analysis of partial 18S rRNA gene was used to study the impact of SS application into the soil on the genetic diversity of fungal communities, especially arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the rhizosphere and roots of barley. These samples were collected on three dates from the control soil without SS and from the soil with the addition of SS at the concentrations of 5 and 15 t ha-1. Fungal alpha diversity in the rhizosphere of barley was affected by SS differently than in barley roots. In addition, principal component analysis and cluster analysis revealed that fungal communities were strongly influenced by the SS addition into the soil, sample type, and the sampling date. This approach was complemented by an evaluation of the basic parameters of barley production and the response of these parameters to the presence of SS in the soil. The plant height increased with increasing SS concentration and the thousand seed weight significantly increased at the concentration of 5 t ha-1 SS but significantly decreased in 15 t ha-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarína Ondreičková
- Department of Applied Biology and Genetics, National Agricultural and Food Centre – Research Institute of Plant Production, Bratislavská cesta 122, 921 68, Piešťany, Slovak Republic
| | - Michaela Piliarová
- Department of Biotechnologies, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius, Námestie J. Herdu 2, 917 01, Trnava, Slovak Republic
| | - Lenka Klčová
- Department of Applied Biology and Genetics, National Agricultural and Food Centre – Research Institute of Plant Production, Bratislavská cesta 122, 921 68, Piešťany, Slovak Republic
| | - Alžbeta Žofajová
- Department of Applied Biology and Genetics, National Agricultural and Food Centre – Research Institute of Plant Production, Bratislavská cesta 122, 921 68, Piešťany, Slovak Republic
| | - Jozef Gubiš
- Department of Applied Biology and Genetics, National Agricultural and Food Centre – Research Institute of Plant Production, Bratislavská cesta 122, 921 68, Piešťany, Slovak Republic
| | - Miroslav Horník
- Department of Ecochemistry and Radioecology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius, Námestie J. Herdu 2, 917 01, Trnava, Slovak Republic
| | - Marcela Gubišová
- Department of Applied Biology and Genetics, National Agricultural and Food Centre – Research Institute of Plant Production, Bratislavská cesta 122, 921 68, Piešťany, Slovak Republic
| | - Martina Hudcovicová
- Department of Applied Biology and Genetics, National Agricultural and Food Centre – Research Institute of Plant Production, Bratislavská cesta 122, 921 68, Piešťany, Slovak Republic
| | - Ján Kraic
- Department of Applied Biology and Genetics, National Agricultural and Food Centre – Research Institute of Plant Production, Bratislavská cesta 122, 921 68, Piešťany, Slovak Republic
- Department of Biotechnologies, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius, Námestie J. Herdu 2, 917 01, Trnava, Slovak Republic
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13
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Responses of Rhizosphere Fungal Communities to the Sewage Sludge Application into the Soil. Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7110505. [PMID: 31671795 PMCID: PMC6920848 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7110505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the increasing sewage sludge production in the world and problems with its disposal, an application of sludge to the soil appears to be a suitable solution considering its fertilizer properties and ability to improve the soil physical conditions. On the other hand, the sludge may also contain undesirable and toxic substances. Since soil microorganisms are sensitive to environmental changes, they can be used as indicators of soil quality. In this study, we used sewage sludge (SS) from two municipal wastewater treatment plants (SS-A and SS-B) in the dose of 5 t/ha and 15 t/ha in order to determine possible changes in the fungal community diversity, especially arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), in the rhizosphere of Arundo donax L. Rhizosphere samples were collected in summer and autumn for two consecutive years and the fungal diversity was examined using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism and 18S rDNA sequencing. Fungal alpha diversity was more affected by SS-A than SS-B probably due to the higher heavy metal content. However, based on principal component analysis and ANOSIM, significant changes in overall fungal diversity were not observed. Simultaneously, 18S rDNA sequencing showed that more various fungal taxa were detected in the sample with sewage sludge than in the control. Glomus sp. as a representative of AMF was the most represented. Moreover, Funneliformis in both samples and Rhizophagus in control with Septoglomus in the sludge sample were other representatives of AMF. Our results indicate that the short-term sewage sludge application into the soil does not cause a shift in the fungal community composition.
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14
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Jespersen JRP, Johansen JL, Rabelo Pereira CM, Bruun HH, Rosendahl S, Kjøller R, López-García Á. Mycorrhizal features and leaf traits covary at the community level during primary succession. FUNGAL ECOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2018.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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15
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Cruz-Paredes C, Frøslev TG, Michelsen A, Bang-Andreasen T, Hansen M, Ingerslev M, Skov S, Wallander H, Kjøller R. Wood ash application in a managed Norway spruce plantation did not affect ectomycorrhizal diversity or N retention capacity. FUNGAL ECOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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16
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Kindtler NL, Ekelund F, Rønn R, Kjøller R, Hovmand M, Vestergård M, Christensen S, Johansen JL. Wood ash effects on growth and cadmium uptake in Deschampsia flexuosa (Wavy hair-grass). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 249:886-893. [PMID: 30965540 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.03.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Wood ash recycling to forests is beneficial because it regains nutrients and prevents acidification, but wood ash application is restricted due to its cadmium (Cd) content. We question if Cd in wood ash represents a problem, since decreases in Cd bioavailability due to ash-induced pH changes may counteract increased total Cd concentration. We studied effects of wood ash (0, 3, 9 and 30 t ha-1) and lime (pH increase equivalent to the wood ash treatments) on growth and Cd uptake in Deschampsia flexuosa. After four months, we measured plant biomass and Cd accumulation, and extracted Cd from the soil using three different methods; HNO3 (total), EDTA (chelator-based) and NH4NO3 (salt-based). Wood ash and lime strongly stimulated plant growth. Cd concentration in the plant tissue decreased with wood ash and lime addition, and correlated positively with the NH4NO3 extractable fraction of Cd in the soil. In contrast, HNO3 and EDTA extracted more Cd with increased wood ash application. We conclude that wood ash amendment increases soil pH, total Cd concentration, nutrient levels and stimulates plant growth. However, it does not increase Cd accumulation in D. flexuosa, as pH-driven decreases in Cd bioavailability leads to reduced plant Cd uptake. Finally, soil bioavailable Cd is best determined using NH4NO3-extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaj Lunding Kindtler
- Center for Bioenergy Recycling - ASHBACK, Terrestrial Ecology Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Flemming Ekelund
- Center for Bioenergy Recycling - ASHBACK, Terrestrial Ecology Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Regin Rønn
- Center for Bioenergy Recycling - ASHBACK, Terrestrial Ecology Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK2100, Copenhagen, Denmark; Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China
| | - Rasmus Kjøller
- Center for Bioenergy Recycling - ASHBACK, Terrestrial Ecology Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mads Hovmand
- Center for Bioenergy Recycling - ASHBACK, Terrestrial Ecology Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mette Vestergård
- Center for Bioenergy Recycling - ASHBACK, Terrestrial Ecology Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK2100, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Agroecology, AU-Flakkebjerg, Aarhus University, Forsøgsvej 1, DK4200, Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Søren Christensen
- Center for Bioenergy Recycling - ASHBACK, Terrestrial Ecology Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jesper Liengaard Johansen
- Center for Bioenergy Recycling - ASHBACK, Terrestrial Ecology Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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17
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Can Phosphorus from Recycled Fertilisers Replace Conventional Sources? An Agronomic Evaluation in Field-Scale Experiments on Temperate Luvisols. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9102086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Facing phosphate rock scarcity, growing food requirements and pollution problems with phosphorus (P)-containing waste, re-using P as fertiliser is becoming a real need. Innovative fertilisers from sewage sludge ash, animal bones and blood, activated by phosphorus solubilising microorganisms (PSM), were tested in field experiments with winter or spring wheat and compared with commercial fertilisers (superphosphate, phosphorite). Three levels of P doses were established (17.6, 26.4 and 35.2 kg/ha). This paper discusses the fertilisers’ impact on total soil P content and on the P content and P accumulation in wheat grain and straw, weeds and post-harvest residues. Recycled fertilisers maintained soil P stocks and supplied plants with P in the same way as traditional fertilisers, and ensured a comparable P pool in the post-harvest residues to traditional fertilisers. They also did not favour weeds during competitive crop-weed interactions. The PSM included in waste-fertilisers did not exert an evident effect on the soil P content or on the P content and P accumulation in plant biomass. The findings show the potential of recycled fertilisers to act as a substitute to fertilisers from primary sources. Further field research is needed to settle the question of the reasonability of PSM inclusion into fertilisers.
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18
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Johansen JL, David MF, Ekelund F, Vestergård M. Wood ash decreases cadmium toxicity to the soil nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 172:290-295. [PMID: 30716663 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.01.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Wood ash is a beneficial fertilizer and liming agent in nutrient depleted soils, but it also contains considerable amounts of cadmium (Cd), which can be toxic to organisms in the environment. Therefore, risk assessments regarding utilization of wood ash is required. Here, we studied how wood ash (applied in doses equivalent to 0, 3 and 6 t ha-1) and Cd (applied in doses of 0, 10, 150, 300, 600, 1200 and 2000 mg kg-1) affected growth of the soil nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. The treatments were combined in a full factorial design. Wood ash alone greatly stimulated both soil respiration and growth of C. elegans, whereas Cd alone had a toxic effect. However, unrealistically high Cd levels were needed to severely affect growth of C. elegans and soil respiration, especially soil respiration was very resilient to Cd amendment. Ash addition decreased Cd toxicity to C. elegans, with an EC50 value of 390 mg Cd kg-1 in the 3 t ash ha-1 treatment, and an increase of EC50 to 1894 mg Cd kg-1 in the 6 t ash ha-1 treatment. This is probably because ash increases the Cd sorption capacity of the soil, and thereby decreases the bio-availability of Cd. The results suggest that there is no acute toxic effect of Cd to nematodes associated with wood ash recycling; in fact, our results suggest that ash actually decrease Cd toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesper Liengaard Johansen
- Center for Bioenergy Recycling - ASHBACK, Terrestrial Ecology Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Minodora-Florentina David
- Center for Bioenergy Recycling - ASHBACK, Terrestrial Ecology Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Flemming Ekelund
- Center for Bioenergy Recycling - ASHBACK, Terrestrial Ecology Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mette Vestergård
- Center for Bioenergy Recycling - ASHBACK, Terrestrial Ecology Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Agroecology, AU-Flakkebjerg, Aarhus University, Forsøgsvej 1, DK4200 Slagelse, Denmark
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19
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Hamid Y, Tang L, Wang X, Hussain B, Yaseen M, Aziz MZ, Yang X. Immobilization of cadmium and lead in contaminated paddy field using inorganic and organic additives. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17839. [PMID: 30546027 PMCID: PMC6292881 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35881-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Heavy metal contamination of agricultural soils has posed a risk to environment and human health. The present study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of soil amendments for reducing cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) uptake by rice (Oryza sativa L) in a contaminated field. The soil amendments used include lime, DaSan Yuan (DASY), DiKang No.1 (DEK1), biochar, Fe-biochar, Yirang, phosphorus fertilizer, (Green Stabilizing Agent) GSA-1, GSA-2, GSA-3, and GSA-4, applied at 1% rate in a field experiment. The results exposed that GSA-4 treatment showed best effects on reducing Cd and Pb phytoavailability in soil and uptake by early rice. Linear increase in pH (i.e. 5.69 to 6.75) was recorded in GSA-4 amended soil from sowing to the 3rd month of growth season. GSA-4 decreased DTPA extractable contents of cadmium (Cd) from 0.324 to 0.136 mg kg−1 soil and lead (Pb) from 53.21 to 24.68 mg kg−1 soil at 90 days of amendment. Treatment with GSA-4 improved rice growth (56%) and grains yield (42%). The enhancement effects on grain yield may be result from the positive effects of GSA-4 application on increasing photosynthesis (116%) and transpiration rate (152%) as compared to the control. Significant reduction in Cd and Pb uptake in shoot (42% and 44%) and in grains (77 and 88%), was observed, respectively in GSA-4 treatment as compared with the control. Moreover, negative correlation was recorded between DTPA extractable Cd/Pb and soil pH that directly depended on applied amendments. In short, use of combined amendment (GSA-4) was more effective for immobilizing heavy metals in contaminated paddy field, and secures rice safe production, as compared other tested amendment products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasir Hamid
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resources Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Tang
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resources Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaozi Wang
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resources Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Bilal Hussain
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resources Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Yaseen
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, 38080, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zahir Aziz
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, 38080, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Xiaoe Yang
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resources Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China.
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20
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Johansen JL, Rønn R, Ekelund F. Toxicity of cadmium and zinc to small soil protists. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 242:1510-1517. [PMID: 30144724 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Small heterotrophic protists (flagellates and naked amoebae) are very abundant in soil and play a key role in maintaining soil services. Hence, knowledge on how xenobiotics affect these organisms is essential in ecosystem management. Cadmium (Cd) is an increasing environmental issue as both industrial deposition and recycling of heavy metal rich waste products have led to Cd enrichment of soils. Evaluation of toxicity of Cd to micro-organisms is often performed using a solution of pure Cd (e.g. CdCl) in liquid culture. This approach may be highly misleading as interactions between Cd and other substances, e.g. various ions or inherent soil components often strongly modify Cd toxicity. Hence, we compared the toxic effect of Cd to small heterotrophic protists in soil microcosms and liquid culture. We also evaluated how zinc (Zn) affects Cd toxicity, as Zn usually accompanies Cd in a ratio of c. 100:1, and is known to impede Cd toxicity. In the soil microcosms, we also monitored the primary food source of the protists, i.e. culturable bacteria, and used soil respiration as a proxy of soil functioning. Finally, we examined to what extent Cd actually sorbs to soil. We found 1) that c. 103 times more Cd was required to obtain the same effect in the soil microcosms compared to the liquid culture, 2) that soil sorption explains why Cd, even though highly toxic in aqueous solutions, has very limited effect when applied to soil, and 3) (very surprisingly) that in our experimental systems Zn was as toxic as Cd. Our study suggests that Cd toxicity to soil protists will be small because most Cd in soil will be sorbed to the soil matrix and because the Zn:Cd ratio of 100:1 in most substances, incl. pollutants, will mean that lethal Zn effects will occur before Cd reaches toxic levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesper Liengaard Johansen
- Center for Bioenergy Recycling, ASHBACK, Terrestrial Ecology Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Regin Rønn
- Center for Bioenergy Recycling, ASHBACK, Terrestrial Ecology Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Flemming Ekelund
- Center for Bioenergy Recycling, ASHBACK, Terrestrial Ecology Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
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21
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Mortensen LH, Rønn R, Vestergård M. Bioaccumulation of cadmium in soil organisms - With focus on wood ash application. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 156:452-462. [PMID: 29605665 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Harvesting whole-tree biomass for biofuel combustion intensifies removal of nutrients from the ecosystem. This can be partly amended by applying ash from the combustion back to the system and thus recycle the nutrients. However, besides being rich in inorganic nutrients, ash also contains trace amounts of heavy metals. Due to the risk of toxic effects and trophic transfer of heavy metals, especially cadmium, legislation usually restricts the use of ash as a soil amendment. In order to provide researchers and governmental agencies with a tool to assess the risk of cadmium bioaccumulation in specific soil systems after ash application, we review: 1) the properties of ash; 2) the chemical and toxic properties of cadmium; 3) the key factors affecting cadmium bioavailability, cadmium uptake-, storage- and elimination-abilities in soil organisms and the risk of cadmium accumulation and biomagnification in the soil food web; 4) how ash impact on soil can change the risk of cadmium bioaccumulation. We conclude that for assessing the risk of cadmium bioaccumulation for specific sites, it is necessary to consider both the type and composition of ash, the soil conditions and organism composition on the site. On a general basis, we conclude that granulated ashes low in cadmium content, applied to low pH soils with high organic matter content, in systems with low abundances of earthworms, isopods and gastropods, will have a low risk of cadmium accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Hindborg Mortensen
- Terrestrial Ecology Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
| | - Regin Rønn
- Terrestrial Ecology Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark; Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China; Arctic Station, University of Copenhagen, Qeqertarsuaq, Greenland.
| | - Mette Vestergård
- Terrestrial Ecology Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark; Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Forsøgsvej 1, DK-4200 Slagelse, Denmark.
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22
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Campos P, Borie F, Cornejo P, López-Ráez JA, López-García Á, Seguel A. Phosphorus Acquisition Efficiency Related to Root Traits: Is Mycorrhizal Symbiosis a Key Factor to Wheat and Barley Cropping? FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:752. [PMID: 29922321 PMCID: PMC5996197 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) are major crops cultivated around the world, thus playing a crucial role on human diet. Remarkably, the growing human population requires a significant increase in agricultural production in order to feed everybody. In this context, phosphorus (P) management is a key factor as it is component of organic molecules such as nucleic acids, ATP and phospholipids, and it is the most abundant macronutrient in biomass after nitrogen (N), although being one of the scarcest elements in the lithosphere. In general, P fertilization has low efficiency, as only a fraction of the applied P is acquired by roots, leaving a substantial amount to be accumulated in soil as not readily available P. Breeding for P-efficient cultivars is a relatively low cost alternative and can be done through two mechanisms: i) improving P use efficiency (PUE), and/or ii) P acquisition efficiency (PAE). PUE is related to the internal allocation/mobilization of P, and is usually represented by the amount of P accumulated per biomass. PAE relies on roots ability to acquire P from the soil, and is commonly expressed as the relative difference of P acquired under low and high P availability conditions. In this review, plant adaptations related to improved PAE are described, with emphasis on arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis, which is generally accepted to enhance plant P acquisition. A state of the art (1980-2018) of AM growth responses and P uptake in wheat and barley is made to discuss about the commonly accepted growth promoting effect and P increased uptake by AM fungi and the contrasting evidence about the generally accepted lack of positive responses in both plant species. Finally, the mechanisms by which AM symbiosis can affect wheat and barley PAE are discussed, highlighting the importance of considering AM functional diversity on future studies and the necessity to improve PAE definition by considering the carbon trading between all the directly related PAE traits and its return to the host plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Campos
- Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus BIOREN-UFRO, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
- Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic Systems, Estación Experimental del Zaidín-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Granada, Spain
| | - Fernando Borie
- Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus BIOREN-UFRO, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Pablo Cornejo
- Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus BIOREN-UFRO, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Juan A. López-Ráez
- Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic Systems, Estación Experimental del Zaidín-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Granada, Spain
| | - Álvaro López-García
- Section Ecology and Evolution, Biological Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alex Seguel
- Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus BIOREN-UFRO, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
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23
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López R, Díaz MJ, González-Pérez JA. Extra CO 2 sequestration following reutilization of biomass ash. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 625:1013-1020. [PMID: 29996398 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.12.263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Although combustion ashes are usually used in soils, little attention is paid to the CO2 sequestration potential of this practice. The present study aims to quantify carbon sequestration as carbonate compounds in a tailored synthetic calcareous soil treated with biomass ash from a gasification power plant that uses olive cake. It is estimated that after ash amendment, 14.5g CO2 remained fixed per kg of fly biomass ash, 16.5g CO2 per kg of bottom biomass ash with plant cultivation and 19.7g CO2 per kg of bottom biomass ash without plant cultivation. This inorganic C fixation plus the organic (black) C contained in the ashes made the reutilization of ashes as K fertilizer a relevant practice due to its C resilience and rate, with a yearly C sequestering potential of ca. 8% of 'Soil carbon 4 per mille' goal, an initiative launched at the COP21.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael López
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS, CSIC), Avda. Reina Mercedes 10, 41012 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - M Jesús Díaz
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Química Física y Ciencias de los Materiales, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Univ. de Huelva, Campus Universitario El Carmen, Avenida de las Fuerzas Arm adas, 21071 Huelva, Spain.
| | - José A González-Pérez
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS, CSIC), Avda. Reina Mercedes 10, 41012 Sevilla, Spain.
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24
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de Oliveira Garcia W, Amann T, Hartmann J. Increasing biomass demand enlarges negative forest nutrient budget areas in wood export regions. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5280. [PMID: 29588448 PMCID: PMC5869705 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22728-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Energy production from biomass is one of the adopted strategies in different European countries to limit global warming to within the 1.5–2° targets after the 2015 UN climate agreement. This will motivate enhanced forest harvest rates and whole tree harvest to supply the increasing biomass demand. Negative nutrient budgets for certain timberland areas where geogenic nutrient supply cannot cope with harvesting rates will be one consequence. A spatially explicit analysis for a U.S. timberland area of 33,570 km2 reveals that for a minimum nutrient loss and supply scenario, negative nutrient budgets occur in 17, 20, 16, and almost 94% of the studied areas for Ca, K, Mg, and P, respectively. For a maximum nutrient loss (considering intensive harvesting) and supply assumptions, the affected areas increase to 50, 57, 45 and 96% for Ca, K, Mg, and P, respectively. In general, atmospheric nutrient deposition is of minor importance for the high weathering supply cases. Increasing global woody biomass demand may cause additional pressure on forested ecosystems, enlarging negative nutrient budget areas. If woody biomass demand rises, strategies to counterbalance nutrient gaps might be needed, for example, by preparing harvested areas with rock products, designed to replenish growth limiting nutrients, and/or implementing forest management strategies to minimize nutrient export.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wagner de Oliveira Garcia
- Institute for Geology, Center for Earth System Research and Sustainability, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Thorben Amann
- Institute for Geology, Center for Earth System Research and Sustainability, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jens Hartmann
- Institute for Geology, Center for Earth System Research and Sustainability, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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25
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Khan MA, Khan S, Khan A, Alam M. Soil contamination with cadmium, consequences and remediation using organic amendments. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 601-602:1591-1605. [PMID: 28609847 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 265] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/04/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) contamination of soil and food crops is a ubiquitous environmental problem that has resulted from uncontrolled industrialization, unsustainable urbanization and intensive agricultural practices. Being a toxic element, Cd poses high threats to soil quality, food safety, and human health. Land is the ultimate source of waste disposal and utilization therefore, Cd released from different sources (natural and anthropogenic), eventually reaches soil, and then subsequently bio-accumulates in food crops. The stabilization of Cd in contaminated soil using organic amendments is an environmentally friendly and cost effective technique used for remediation of moderate to high contaminated soil. Globally, substantial amounts of organic waste are generated every day that can be used as a source of nutrients, and also as conditioners to improve soil quality. This review paper focuses on the sources, generation, and use of different organic amendments to remediate Cd contaminated soil, discusses their effects on soil physical and chemical properties, Cd bioavailability, plant uptake, and human health risk. Moreover, it also provides an update of the most relevant findings about the application of organic amendments to remediate Cd contaminated soil and associated mechanisms. Finally, future research needs and directions for the remediation of Cd contaminated soil using organic amendments are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Amjad Khan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan
| | - Sardar Khan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan; Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China.
| | - Anwarzeb Khan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan
| | - Mehboob Alam
- Department of Horticulture, University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
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