1
|
Zhou J, Zhang R, Wang P, Gao Y, Zhang J. Responses of soil and rhizosphere microbial communities to Cd-hyperaccumulating willows and Cd contamination. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:398. [PMID: 38745310 PMCID: PMC11092141 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05118-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pollution of soil by heavy metals, particularly Cd, is constitutes a critical international environmental concern. Willow species are renowned for their efficacy in the phytoremediation of heavy metals owing to their high Cd absorption rate and rapid growth. However, the mechanisms underlying microbial regulation for high- and low-accumulating willow species remain poorly understood. Therefore, we investigated the responses of soil and rhizosphere microbial communities to high- and low-Cd-accumulating willows and Cd contamination. We analyzed soil properties were analyzed in bulk soil (SM) and rhizosphere soil (RM) planted with high-accumulating (H) and low-accumulating (L) willow species. RESULTS Rhizosphere soil for different willow species had more NH4+ than that of bulk soil, and RM-H soil had more than RM-L had. The available phosphorus content was greater in hyper-accumulated species than it was in lower-accumulated species, especially in RM-H. Genome sequencing of bacterial and fungal communities showed that RM-L exhibited the highest bacterial diversity, whereas RM-H displayed the greatest richness than the other groups. SM-L exhibited the highest diversity and richness of fungal communities. Ralstonia emerged as the predominant bacterium in RM-H, whereas Basidiomycota and Cercozoa were the most enriched fungi in SM-H. Annotation of the N and C metabolism pathways revealed differential patterns: expression levels of NRT2, NarB, nirA, nirD, nrfA, and nosZ were highest in RM-H, demonstrating the effects of NO3-and N on the high accumulation of Cd in RM-H. The annotated genes associated with C metabolism indicated a preference for the tricarboxylic pathway in RM-H, whereas the hydroxypropionate-hydroxybutyrate cycle was implicated in C sequestration in SM-L. CONCLUSIONS These contribute to elucidation of the mechanism underlying high Cd accumulation in willows, particularly in respect of the roles of microbes and N and C utilization. This will provide valuable insights for repairing polluted soil using N and employing organic acids to improve heavy metal remediation efficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhou
- Jiangsu Academy of Forestry, Nanjing, China.
| | - RuiQing Zhang
- Jiangsu Suqian Environmental Monitoring Center, Suqian, China
| | - Pu Wang
- Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | | | - Jue Zhang
- Jiangsu Academy of Forestry, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang Z, Xu D, Huang T, Zhang Q, Li Y, Zhou J, Zou R, Li X, Chen J. High levels of cadmium altered soil archaeal activity, assembly, and co-occurrence network in volcanic areas. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 924:171529. [PMID: 38453065 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Soil microbial communities are essential to biogeochemical cycles. However, the responses of microorganisms in volcanic soil with high heavy metal levels remain poorly understood. Here, two areas with high levels of cadmium (Cd) from the same volcano were investigated to determine their archaeal composition and assembly. In this study, the Cd concentrations (0.32-0.38 mg/ kg) in the volcanic soils exceeded the standard risk screening values (GB15618-2018) and correlated with archaeal communities strongly (P < 0.05). Moreover, the area with elevated levels of Cd (periphery) exhibited a greater diversity of archaeal species, albeit with reduced archaeal activity, compared to the area with lower levels of Cd (center). Besides, stochastic processes mainly governed the archaeal communities. Furthermore, the co-occurrence network was simplest in the periphery. The proportion of positive links between taxa increased positively with Cd concentration. Moreover, four keystone taxa (all from the family Nitrososphaeraceae) were identified from the archaeal networks. In its entirety, this study has expanded our comprehension of the variations of soil archaeal communities in volcanic areas with elevated cadmium levels and serves as a point of reference for the agricultural development of volcanic soils in China.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zihua Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance and High Quality Biology of Anhui Province, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Daolong Xu
- Inner Mongolia Academy of Science and Technology, Hohhot 010010, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Tao Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance and High Quality Biology of Anhui Province, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance and High Quality Biology of Anhui Province, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Yingyue Li
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance and High Quality Biology of Anhui Province, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance and High Quality Biology of Anhui Province, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Ruifan Zou
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance and High Quality Biology of Anhui Province, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance and High Quality Biology of Anhui Province, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Jin Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance and High Quality Biology of Anhui Province, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yang Q, Chen J, Dai J, He Y, Wei K, Gong M, Chen Q, Sheng H, Su L, Liu L, Chen J, Bai L, Cui S, Yang B. Total coliforms, microbial diversity and multiple characteristics of Salmonella in soil-irrigation water-fresh vegetable system in Shaanxi, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 924:171657. [PMID: 38490413 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Global occurrences of foodborne disease outbreaks have been documented, involving fresh agricultural produce contaminated by various pathogens. This contamination can occur at any point in the supply chain. However, studies on the prevalence of total coliforms, Salmonella and microbial diversity in vegetable and associated environments are limited. This study aimed to assess 1) the number of total coliforms (n = 299) and diversity of microbial communities (n = 52); 2) the prevalence, antibiotic susceptibility, genomic characteristics, and potential transmission relationships of Salmonella in soil-irrigation water-vegetable system (n = 506). Overall, 84.28 % samples were positive to total coliforms, with most frequently detected in soil (100 %), followed by irrigation water (79.26 %) and vegetables (62.00 %). A seasonal trend in coliform prevalence was observed, with significantly higher levels in summer (P < 0.05). Detection rates of Salmonella in soil, vegetable and irrigation water were 2.21 %, 4.74 % and 9.40 %. Fourteen serotypes and sequence types (STs) were respectively annotated in 56 Salmonella isolates, ST13 S. Agona (30.36 %, 17/56), ST469 S. Rissen (25.00 %, 14/56), and ST36 S. Typhimurium (12.50 %, 7/56) were dominant serotypes and STs. Thirty-one (55.36 %) isolates were multi-drug resistant, and the resistance was most frequently found to ampicillin (55.36 %, 31/56), followed by to sulfamethoxazole (51.79 %, 29/56) and tetracycline (50.00 %, 28/56). The genomic characteristics and antibiotic resistance patterns of Salmonella isolates from soil, vegetables, and irrigation water within a coherent geographical locale exhibited remarkable similarities, indicating Salmonella may be transmitted among these environments or have a common source of contamination. Microbial alpha diversity indices in soil were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than that in vegetable and irrigation water. The microbial phylum in irrigation water covered that in the vegetable, demonstrating a significant overlap in the microbial communities between the vegetables and the irrigation water.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiuping Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jin Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jinghan Dai
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yuanjie He
- College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Kexin Wei
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Mengqing Gong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Qinquan Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Huanjing Sheng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Li Su
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Lisha Liu
- China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100022, China
| | - Jia Chen
- College of Chemical Technology, Shijiazhuang University, Shijiazhuang 050035, China.
| | - Li Bai
- China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100022, China.
| | - Shenghui Cui
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Baowei Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Aguilar-Rangel EJ, Savin-Gámez A, García-Maldonado JQ, Prado B, Vásquez-Murrieta MS, Siebe C, Alcántara-Hernández RJ. Increases in the soil ammonia oxidizing phylotypes and their rechange due to long-term irrigation with wastewater. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0299518. [PMID: 38603769 PMCID: PMC11008854 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Wastewater irrigation is a common practice for agricultural systems in arid and semiarid zones, which can help to overcome water scarcity and contribute with nutrient inputs. Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and archaea (AOA) are key in the transformation of NH4+-N in soil and can be affected by variations in soil pH, EC, N and C content, or accumulation of pollutants, derived from wastewater irrigation. The objective of this study was to determine the changes in the ammonia oxidizing communities in agricultural soils irrigated with wastewater for different periods of time (25, 50, and 100 years), and in rainfed soils (never irrigated). The amoA gene encoding for the catalytic subunit of the ammonia monooxygenase was used as molecular reporter; it was quantified by qPCR and sequenced by high throughput sequencing, and changes in the community composition were associated with the soil physicochemical characteristics. Soils irrigated with wastewater showed up to five times more the abundance of ammonia oxidizers (based on 16S rRNA gene relative abundance and amoA gene copies) than those under rainfed agriculture. While the amoA-AOA: amoA-AOB ratio decreased from 9.8 in rainfed soils to 1.6 in soils irrigated for 100 years, indicating a favoring environment for AOB rather than AOA. Further, the community structure of both AOA and AOB changed during wastewater irrigation compared to rainfed soils, mainly due to the abundance variation of certain phylotypes. Finally, the significant correlation between soil pH and the ammonia oxidizing community structure was confirmed, mainly for AOB; being the main environmental driver of the ammonia oxidizer community. Also, a calculated toxicity index based on metals concentrations showed a correlation with AOB communities, while the content of carbon and nitrogen was more associated with AOA communities. The results indicate that wastewater irrigation influence ammonia oxidizers communities, manly by the changes in the physicochemical environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo J. Aguilar-Rangel
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Unidad de Posgrado, Edificio D, 1° Piso, Circuito de Posgrados, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, 04510, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Alba Savin-Gámez
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Unidad de Posgrado, Edificio D, 1° Piso, Circuito de Posgrados, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, 04510, Ciudad de México, México
| | - José Q. García-Maldonado
- Departamento de Recursos del Mar, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Merida 97310, Yucatán, México
| | - Blanca Prado
- Instituto de Geología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Av. Universidad 3000, Del. Coyoacán, 04510, Ciudad de México, México
| | - María Soledad Vásquez-Murrieta
- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Del. Miguel Hidalgo, 11340, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Christina Siebe
- Instituto de Geología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Av. Universidad 3000, Del. Coyoacán, 04510, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Rocío J. Alcántara-Hernández
- Instituto de Geología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Av. Universidad 3000, Del. Coyoacán, 04510, Ciudad de México, México
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ofori S, Abebrese DK, Klement A, Provazník D, Tomášková I, Růžičková I, Wanner J. Impact of treated wastewater on plant growth: leaf fluorescence, reflectance, and biomass-based assessment. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2024; 89:1647-1664. [PMID: 38619895 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2024.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
The study evaluated the impact of treated wastewater on plant growth through the use of hyperspectral and fluorescence-based techniques coupled with classical biomass analyses, and assessed the potential of reusing treated wastewater for irrigation without fertilizer application. Cherry tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.) were irrigated with tap water (Tap), secondary effluent (SE), and membrane effluent (ME). Maximum quantum yield of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) of tomato and cabbage was between 0.78 to 0.80 and 0.81 to 0.82, respectively, for all treatments. The performance index (PI) of Tap/SE/ME was 2.73, 2.85, and 2.48 for tomatoes and 4.25, 3.79, and 3.70 for cabbage, respectively. Both Fv/Fm and PI indicated that the treated wastewater did not have a significant adverse effect on the photosynthetic efficiency and plant vitality of the crops. Hyperspectral analysis showed higher chlorophyll and nitrogen content in leaves of recycled water-irrigated crops than tap water-irrigated crops. SE had 10.5% dry matter composition (tomato) and Tap had 10.7% (cabbage). Total leaf count of Tap/SE/ME was 86, 111, and 102 for tomato and 37, 40, and 42 for cabbage, respectively. In this study, the use of treated wastewater did not induce any photosynthetic-related or abiotic stress on the crops; instead, it promoted crop growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Solomon Ofori
- Department of Water Technology and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Environmental Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6 - Dejvice, Prague, Czech Republic E-mail:
| | - David Kwesi Abebrese
- Department of Water Resources, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Prague 6 - Suchdol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Klement
- Department of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Prague 6 - Suchdol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Provazník
- Department of Genetics and Physiology of Forest Trees, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Kamýcká 129, 165 21 Prague 6 - Suchdol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ivana Tomášková
- Department of Genetics and Physiology of Forest Trees, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Kamýcká 129, 165 21 Prague 6 - Suchdol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Iveta Růžičková
- Department of Water Technology and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Environmental Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6 - Dejvice, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Wanner
- Department of Water Technology and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Environmental Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6 - Dejvice, Prague, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Itzhari D, Shuai W, Hartmann EM, Ronen Z. Heterogeneous Antibiotic Resistance Gene Removal Impedes Evaluation of Constructed Wetlands for Effective Greywater Treatment. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:315. [PMID: 38666991 PMCID: PMC11047525 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13040315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms carrying antimicrobial resistance genes are often found in greywater. As the reuse of greywater becomes increasingly needed, it is imperative to determine how greywater treatment impacts antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs). Using qPCR and SmartChip™ qPCR, we characterized ARG patterns in greywater microbial communities before, during, and after treatment by a recirculating vertical flow constructed wetland. In parallel, we examined the impact of greywater-treated irrigation on soil, including the occurrence of emerging micropollutants and the taxonomic and ARG compositions of microbial communities. Most ARGs in raw greywater are removed efficiently during the winter season, while some ARGs in the effluents increase in summer. SmartChip™ qPCR revealed the presence of ARGs, such as tetracycline and beta-lactam resistance genes, in both raw and treated greywater, but most abundantly in the filter bed. It also showed that aminoglycoside and vancomycin gene abundances significantly increased after treatment. In the irrigated soil, the type of water (potable or treated greywater) had no specific impact on the total bacterial abundance (16S rRNA gene). No overlapping ARGs were found between treated greywater and greywater-irrigated soil. This study indicates ARG abundance and richness increased after treatment, possibly due to the concentration effects of the filter beds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniella Itzhari
- Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba 8499000, Israel;
| | - Weitao Shuai
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA; (W.S.); (E.M.H.)
| | - Erica M. Hartmann
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA; (W.S.); (E.M.H.)
- Center for Synthetic Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Zeev Ronen
- Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba 8499000, Israel;
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lúcio DSG, Menegassi LC, Lima ACM, Gomes TM, Tommaso G. Assessing the phytotoxicity of wastewater from the structured-bed hybrid baffled reactor (SBHBR) for agricultural reuse during the germination phase. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 918:170449. [PMID: 38290672 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
This study investigated the quality of anaerobic (AnE) and oxic/anoxic (O/A) effluents from a continuous-feed structured-bed hybrid baffled reactor (SBHBR) treating dairy wastewater impacts on lettuce and cucumber germination. While sustainable technologies like SBHBR have successfully removed organic matter and total nitrogen from dairy wastewater, residual concentrations may still represent a risk to water resources. Therefore, phytotoxicity bioassays were conducted with lettuce and cucumber seeds in contact with effluent during early stages to evaluate the potential implications of dairy wastewater reuse in agriculture. The study also explored the potential of SBHBR technology in promoting water resource preservation and creating a sustainable energy and nutrient cycling system. The physicochemical parameters of both effluents were characterized, and the phytotoxicity was evaluated by measuring the germination index (GI), root length (RL), the number of germinated seeds (SG), and epicotyl elongation (EE) for both lettuce and cucumber. The study revealed that the O/A effluent demonstrated lower phytotoxicity than the AnE effluent. The mean results indicate that the O/A zone wastewater was more conducive to cucumber germination than the AnE zone. Moreover, a positive influence of organic matter in the effluent on root growth and epicotyl elongation in cucumber, as well as the presence of nitrogen on the germination index, in both plant species. These findings emphasize the importance of considering effluent characteristics for suitable irrigation, highlighting SBHBR's potential as an effective solution for treating and reusing dairy wastewater in agriculture. This approach helps conserve water resources and promote a sustainable energy and nutrient cycling system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Santiago G Lúcio
- Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luana C Menegassi
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina M Lima
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tamara Maria Gomes
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Giovana Tommaso
- Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Deng H, Li Q, Li M, Sun L, Li B, Wang Y, Wu QL, Zeng J. Epiphytic microorganisms of submerged macrophytes effectively contribute to nitrogen removal. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 242:117754. [PMID: 38016497 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Submerged macrophytes play important roles in nutrient cycling and are widely used in ecological restoration to alleviate eutrophication and improve water quality in lakes. Epiphytic microbial communities on leaves of submerged macrophytes might promote nitrogen cycling, but the mechanisms and quantification of their contributions remain unclear. Here, four types of field zones with different nutrient levels and submerged macrophytes, eutrophic + Vallisneria natans (EV), eutrophic + V. natans + Hydrilla verticillata, mesotrophic + V. natans + H. verticillata, and eutrophic without macrophytes were selected to investigate the microbial communities that involved in nitrification and denitrification. The alpha diversity of bacterial community was higher in the phyllosphere than in the water, and that of H. verticillata was higher compared to V. natans. Bacterial community structures differed significantly between the four zones. The highest relative abundance of dominant bacterioplankton genera involved in nitrification and denitrification was observed in the EV zone. Similarly, the alpha diversity of the epiphytic ammonia-oxidizing archaea and nosZI-type denitrifiers were highest in the EV zone. Consist with the diversity patterns, the potential denitrification rates were higher in the phyllosphere than those in the water. Higher potential denitrification rates in the phyllosphere were also found in H. verticillata than those in V. natans. Anammox was not detected in all samples. Nutrient loads, especially nitrogen concentrations were important factors influencing potential nitrification, denitrification rates, and bacterial communities, especially for the epiphytic nosZI-type taxa. Overall, we observed that the phyllosphere harbors more microbes and promotes higher denitrification rates compared to water, and epiphytic bacterial communities are shaped by nitrogen nutrients and macrophyte species, indicating that epiphytic microorganisms of submerged macrophytes can effectively contribute to the N removal in shallow lakes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongyang Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qisheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Mengyuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Lijie Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China; College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210024, China
| | - Biao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Yujing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Qinglong L Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China; Sino-Danish Centre for Education and Research, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China; Center for Evolution and Conservation Biology, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 511458, China
| | - Jin Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China; Sino-Danish Centre for Education and Research, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China; Poyang Lake Wetland Research Station, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jiujiang, 332899, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Bhattacharjee AS, Phan D, Zheng C, Ashworth D, Schmidt M, Men Y, Ferreira JFS, Muir G, Hasan NA, Ibekwe AM. Dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes through soil-plant-earthworm continuum in the food production environment. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 183:108374. [PMID: 38101104 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Treated municipal wastewater (TMW) can provide a reliable source of irrigation water for crops, which is especially important in arid areas where water resources are limited or prone to drought. Nonetheless, TMW may contain residual antibiotics, potentially exposing the crops to these substances. The goal of this study was to investigate the dissemination of antibiotics resistance genes (ARGs) in the soil-plant-earthworm continuum after irrigation of spinach and radish plants with TMW containing trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole, and sulfapyridine in a greenhouse experiment, followed by feeding of earthworms with harvested plant materials. Our results showed that antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) were enriched in the soil-plant-earthworm microbiomes irrigated with TMW and TMW spiked with higher concentrations of antibiotics. The number of ARGs and antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) enrichment varied with plant type, with spinach harboring a significantly higher amount of ARGs and ARB compared to radish. Our data showed that bulk and rhizosphere soils of spinach and radish plants irrigated with MilliQ water, TMW, TMW10, or TMW100 had significant differences in bacterial community (p < 0.001), ARG (p < 0.001), and virulence factor gene (VFG) (p < 0.001) diversities. The abundance of ARGs significantly decreased from bulk soil to rhizosphere to phyllosphere and endosphere. Using metagenome assembled genomes (MAGs), we recovered many bacterial MAGs and a near complete genome (>90 %) of bacterial MAG of genus Leclercia adecarboxylata B from the fecal microbiome of earthworm that was fed harvested radish tubers and spinach leaves grown on TMW10 irrigated waters, and this bacterium has been shown to be an emerging pathogen causing infection in immunocompromised patients that may lead to health complications and death. Therefore, crops irrigated with TMW containing residual antibiotics and ARGs may lead to increased incidences of enrichment of ARB in the soil-plant-earthworm continuum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ananda S Bhattacharjee
- US Salinity Laboratory, USDA-ARS, 450 W. Big Springs Rd., Riverside, CA 92507, USA; Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92507, USA
| | - Duc Phan
- US Salinity Laboratory, USDA-ARS, 450 W. Big Springs Rd., Riverside, CA 92507, USA; Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92507, USA
| | - Chujing Zheng
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92507, USA
| | - Daniel Ashworth
- US Salinity Laboratory, USDA-ARS, 450 W. Big Springs Rd., Riverside, CA 92507, USA
| | - Michael Schmidt
- US Salinity Laboratory, USDA-ARS, 450 W. Big Springs Rd., Riverside, CA 92507, USA
| | - Yujie Men
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92507, USA
| | - Jorge F S Ferreira
- US Salinity Laboratory, USDA-ARS, 450 W. Big Springs Rd., Riverside, CA 92507, USA
| | | | - Nur A Hasan
- EzBiome, Gaithersburg, MD, USA; Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Abasiofiok M Ibekwe
- US Salinity Laboratory, USDA-ARS, 450 W. Big Springs Rd., Riverside, CA 92507, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Gudda F, Odinga ES, Tang L, Waigi MG, Wang J, Abdalmegeed D, Gao Y. Tetracyclines uptake from irrigation water by vegetables: Accumulation and antimicrobial resistance risks. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 338:122696. [PMID: 37804902 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater irrigation may introduce antibiotic residues in the soil-plant systems. This study aimed to investigate the uptake of tetracyclines by spinach and collard greens and assess associated ecological and human health risks. Synthetic wastewater spiked with 1 ppm and 10 ppm of oxytetracycline, doxycycline, and tetracycline was used to grow vegetables in a greenhouse pot experiment. The uptake and accumulation of the tetracyclines were low and residual concentrations in the soil were negligible. All the tetracyclines were detected at concentrations ranging from 1.68 to 51.41 μg/g (spinach) and 1.94-30.95 μg/g (collard greens). The accumulation rate was in a dose-response scenario with a bioconcentration factor of 6.34 mL/kg (spinach) and 2.64 mL/kg (collard greens). Oxytetracycline had the highest accumulation in leaves, followed by doxycycline and tetracycline, and the residual concentrations followed the same order. The highest residual concentration was in soils receiving 10 ppm oxytetracycline. Residual concentrations in the soil were lower than accumulated levels and exerted negligible ecological risks. Tetracyclines accumulation in spinach significantly differed between the vegetables demonstrating a subspecies difference in uptake and accumulation. Ecological risk quotient (RQ) and human health risk quotient (HQ) were below thresholds that would exert toxicity and resistance selection impacts. Although RQs and HQs are low (<0.1), this study shows that the vegetables accumulate tetracyclines from irrigation water, posing plausible human health risks to allergic individuals. Similarly, the ecological risks cannot be ignored because the synergistic and antagonistic effects of sublethal concentrations can perturb ecosystem processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fredrick Gudda
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Emmanuel Stephen Odinga
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Lei Tang
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Michael Gatheru Waigi
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Dyaaaldin Abdalmegeed
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Yanzheng Gao
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Yalin D, Craddock HA, Assouline S, Ben Mordechay E, Ben-Gal A, Bernstein N, Chaudhry RM, Chefetz B, Fatta-Kassinos D, Gawlik BM, Hamilton KA, Khalifa L, Kisekka I, Klapp I, Korach-Rechtman H, Kurtzman D, Levy GJ, Maffettone R, Malato S, Manaia CM, Manoli K, Moshe OF, Rimelman A, Rizzo L, Sedlak DL, Shnit-Orland M, Shtull-Trauring E, Tarchitzky J, Welch-White V, Williams C, McLain J, Cytryn E. Mitigating risks and maximizing sustainability of treated wastewater reuse for irrigation. WATER RESEARCH X 2023; 21:100203. [PMID: 38098886 PMCID: PMC10719582 DOI: 10.1016/j.wroa.2023.100203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Scarcity of freshwater for agriculture has led to increased utilization of treated wastewater (TWW), establishing it as a significant and reliable source of irrigation water. However, years of research indicate that if not managed adequately, TWW may deleteriously affect soil functioning and plant productivity, and pose a hazard to human and environmental health. This review leverages the experience of researchers, stakeholders, and policymakers from Israel, the United-States, and Europe to present a holistic, multidisciplinary perspective on maximizing the benefits from municipal TWW use for irrigation. We specifically draw on the extensive knowledge gained in Israel, a world leader in agricultural TWW implementation. The first two sections of the work set the foundation for understanding current challenges involved with the use of TWW, detailing known and emerging agronomic and environmental issues (such as salinity and phytotoxicity) and public health risks (such as contaminants of emerging concern and pathogens). The work then presents solutions to address these challenges, including technological and agronomic management-based solutions as well as source control policies. The concluding section presents suggestions for the path forward, emphasizing the importance of improving links between research and policy, and better outreach to the public and agricultural practitioners. We use this platform as a call for action, to form a global harmonized data system that will centralize scientific findings on agronomic, environmental and public health effects of TWW irrigation. Insights from such global collaboration will help to mitigate risks, and facilitate more sustainable use of TWW for food production in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Yalin
- A Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Hillary A. Craddock
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Shmuel Assouline
- Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, Agriculture Research Organization (ARO) – The Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Evyatar Ben Mordechay
- The Robert H Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Alon Ben-Gal
- Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO) – The Volcani Institute, Gilat Reseach Center, Israel
| | - Nirit Bernstein
- Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, Agriculture Research Organization (ARO) – The Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | | | - Benny Chefetz
- The Robert H Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Despo Fatta-Kassinos
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, NIREAS-International Water Research Center, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Bernd M. Gawlik
- Ocean and Water Unit, Joint Research Centre, European Commission, Ispra, Italy
| | - Kerry A. Hamilton
- The School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment and The Biodesign Institute Center for Environmental Health Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Leron Khalifa
- Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, Agriculture Research Organization (ARO) – The Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Isaya Kisekka
- Department of Land Air and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Iftach Klapp
- Institute of Agricultural engineering, Agriculture Research Organization (ARO) – The Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | | | - Daniel Kurtzman
- Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, Agriculture Research Organization (ARO) – The Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Guy J. Levy
- Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, Agriculture Research Organization (ARO) – The Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Roberta Maffettone
- Ocean and Water Unit, Joint Research Centre, European Commission, Ispra, Italy
| | - Sixto Malato
- CIEMAT-Plataforma Solar de Almería, Ctra. Sen´es km 4, 04200 Tabernas, Almería, Spain
| | - Célia M. Manaia
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina – Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Porto, Portugal
| | - Kyriakos Manoli
- NIREAS-International Water Research Center, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Orah F. Moshe
- Department of Soil Conservation, Soil Erosion Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Andrew Rimelman
- PG Environmental. 1113 Washington Avenue, Suite 200. Golden, CO 80401, USA
| | - Luigi Rizzo
- Water Science and Technology (WaSTe) Group, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - David L. Sedlak
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - Maya Shnit-Orland
- Extension Service, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Israel
| | - Eliav Shtull-Trauring
- Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, Agriculture Research Organization (ARO) – The Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Jorge Tarchitzky
- The Robert H Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | - Clinton Williams
- US Arid-Land Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Maricopa, AZ, USA
| | - Jean McLain
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Eddie Cytryn
- Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, Agriculture Research Organization (ARO) – The Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Moulia V, Ait-Mouheb N, Lesage G, Hamelin J, Wéry N, Bru-Adan V, Kechichian L, Heran M. Short-term effect of reclaimed wastewater quality gradient on soil microbiome during irrigation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 901:166028. [PMID: 37549700 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the effect of wastewater (WW) treatment on soil bacterial communities, water of different quality was used to irrigate eight lettuces per tank: raw municipal wastewater (RWW), WW treated with an aerated constructed wetland (CWW) and WW treated with a membrane bioreactor (MBW), and tap water (TW). The physicochemical and microbiological characteristics (quality indicators) of these water types were characterized, and the water and soil bacterial communities were monitored by quantitative PCR (qPCR) and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Despite marked differences in microbial load and diversity of waters, soil communities remained remarkably stable after irrigation. Microbial biomass was increased only in soils irrigated with RWW. At the end of the irrigation period (day 84), soil and water shared a large fraction of their bacterial communities, from 43 % to 70 %, depending on the water quality, indicating a transfer of bacterial communities from water to soil. Overall, the relative abundance of Proteobacteria and Acidobacteria was increased and that of Actinobacteria was decreased in soils irrigated with MBW, CWW and even more with RWW. Multivariate ordination clearly separated soils in three groups: soils irrigated with the cleanest water (TW), with treated WW (MBW and CWW), and with untreated WW (RWW). Nitrifying, denitrifying, and nitrogen-fixing bacteria were quantified by qPCR targeting amoA, narG, and nifH, respectively. Nitrifying bacteria were the most affected by the water quality, as indicated by amoA copy number increase in RWW-irrigated soil and decrease in CWW-irrigated soil. Overall, the abundance of all three genes was positively influenced by RWW treatment. In conclusion, the 84 days of irrigation influenced the soil microbial communities, and the impact depended on the quality of the used water.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Moulia
- IEM, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France; INRAE, UMR G-EAU, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France; INRAE, Univ Montpellier, LBE, 102 avenue des Étangs, 11100, Narbonne, France
| | - N Ait-Mouheb
- INRAE, UMR G-EAU, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - G Lesage
- IEM, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - J Hamelin
- INRAE, Univ Montpellier, LBE, 102 avenue des Étangs, 11100, Narbonne, France
| | - N Wéry
- INRAE, Univ Montpellier, LBE, 102 avenue des Étangs, 11100, Narbonne, France.
| | - V Bru-Adan
- INRAE, Univ Montpellier, LBE, 102 avenue des Étangs, 11100, Narbonne, France
| | - L Kechichian
- INRAE, UMR G-EAU, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - M Heran
- IEM, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Verma K, Manisha M, Shivali NU, Santrupt RM, Anirudha TP, Ramesh N, Chanakya HN, Parama VRR, Mohan Kumar MS, Rao L. Investigating the effects of irrigation with indirectly recharged groundwater using recycled water on soil and crops in semi-arid areas. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 337:122516. [PMID: 37690469 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
The utilization of direct wastewater for irrigation poses many environmental problems such as soil quality deterioration due to the accumulation of salts, heavy metals, micro-pollutants, and health risks due to undesirable microorganisms. This hampers its agricultural reuse in arid and semi-arid regions. To address these concerns, the present study introduces a recent approach that involves using indirectly recharged groundwater (GW) with secondary treated municipal wastewater (STW) for irrigation through a Soil Aquifer Treatment-based system (SAT). This method aims to mitigate freshwater scarcity in semi-arid regions. The study assessed GW levels, physicochemical properties, and microbial diversity of GW, and soil in both impacted (receiving recycled water) and non-impacted (not receiving recycled water) areas, before recycling (2015-2018) and after recycling (2019-2022) period of the project. The results indicated a significant increase of 68-70% in GW levels of the studied boreholes in the impacted areas. Additionally, the quality of indirectly recharged GW in the impacted areas improved notably in terms of electrical conductivity (EC), hardness, total dissolved solids (TDS), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), along with certain cations and anions (hard water to soft water). No significant difference was observed in soil properties and microbial diversity of the impacted areas, except for EC and SAR, which were reduced by 50% and 39%, respectively, after the project commenced. The study also monitored specific microbial species, including total coliforms, Escherichia coli (as indicator organisms), Shigella, and Klebsiella in some of the harvested crops (beetroot, tomato, and spinach). However, none of the analysed crops exhibited the presence of the studied microorganisms. Overall, the study concludes that indirectly recharged GW using STW is a better sustainable and safe irrigation alternative compared to direct wastewater use or extracted hard GW from deep aquifers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kavita Verma
- Center for Sustainable Technologies, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India.
| | - Manjari Manisha
- Center for Sustainable Technologies, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - N U Shivali
- Center for Sustainable Technologies, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - R M Santrupt
- Center for Sustainable Technologies, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - T P Anirudha
- Center for Sustainable Technologies, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - N Ramesh
- Center for Sustainable Technologies, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - H N Chanakya
- Center for Sustainable Technologies, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - V R R Parama
- Department of Soil Science & Agricultural Chemistry, College of Agriculture, UAS, GKVK, Bengaluru, India
| | - M S Mohan Kumar
- Formerly @ Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India; Currently @ Gitam University, Bengaluru, India
| | - Lakshminarayana Rao
- Center for Sustainable Technologies, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Marques MVA, Lopes BC, Silvério THR, von Sperling M, Neves TDA. Persistence of pathogens and bacterial community dynamics in tropical soil after application of raw sewage. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13435. [PMID: 37596413 PMCID: PMC10439161 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40718-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this work was to evaluate the persistence of faecal indicators and pathogenic organisms (Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli and viable helminth eggs) and the structure/diversity of bacterial communities in soil receiving raw sewage (RS) for an extended period of application (3 uninterrupted years). In the experimental design, three treatments were defined: (1) Control soil, characterized by the analysis of a composite sample collected in an area of similar soil, but not a recipient of RS (TSC); (2) Soil receiving conventional mineral fertilization, and furrow irrigation with supply water (TW); and (3) Fertirrigated soil with RS applied by furrows (TF). The results of persistence of pathogenic organisms and indicators in TF indicated a sanitary quality similar to the control soil (TSC), thus potentially bringing low risks of contamination with pathogens present in the soil. The presence of viable helminth eggs was not identified in any treatment studied, because of its low concentration in the raw sewage of the studied system. The TW, TF and TSC treatments had 34.8% of bacterial diversity in common. The bacterial composition of the soil showed a predominance of the Proteobacteria phylum in all treatments studied; however, TF was the one with the highest relative abundance of this phylum (44.8%).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Vinícius Araújo Marques
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Minas Gerais (Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Bruna Coelho Lopes
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Minas Gerais (Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Thiago Henrique Ribeiro Silvério
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Minas Gerais (Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marcos von Sperling
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Minas Gerais (Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Thiago de Alencar Neves
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Minas Gerais (Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Masrahi AS. Effect of long-term influx of tertiary treated wastewater on native bacterial communities in a dry valley topsoil: 16S rRNA gene-based metagenomic analysis of composition and functional profile. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15583. [PMID: 37397028 PMCID: PMC10309050 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Although dumping treated wastewater into soil might provide nutrients and organic matter, it can also expose the ecosystem to biological and chemical risks. A vital indication of soil health and quality is the soil microbial community. The current work used next-generation 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing to evaluate the effects of the long-term influx of tertiary treated wastewater (TWW) into Wadi Uranah, a dry valley in Makkah city, Saudi Arabia, on native topsoil bacterial community composition and predicted functions. The findings demonstrated that neither the compositions of microbial communities nor their predicted functions using PICRUSt2 differed significantly (p > 0.05) between polluted valley soil (PolVS) and unpolluted valley soil (UPVS). Alpha and beta diversity, however, showed that the PolVS samples had a considerably higher level of diversity and variability. Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, and Bacteroidetes were the most prevalent phyla in both groups. Noticeable relative variations existed in some metabolic pathways such as cofactor, prosthetic group, electron carrier degradation, aldehyde degradation, and Entner-Doudoroff (ED) pathways. Overall, our findings suggest that because both groups have very similar core microbiomes and functions, the long-term disposal of tertiary TWW into Wadi Uranah may have little to no influence on the composition and function of soil bacterial communities. In addition, the long-term discharge of tertiary TWW after partially treated wastewater's initial disposal may have helped the native soil microbial community recover.
Collapse
|
16
|
The Fashion Industry Needs Microbiology: Opportunities and Challenges. mSphere 2023; 8:e0068122. [PMID: 36744949 PMCID: PMC10117041 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00681-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The fashion industry is the second most polluting industry in the world, representing a 2 trillion dollars and growing valuation. Fashion design practices have been perpetuating an industrial-focused approach, which relies mostly in the economic improvement through fast cycles of product development. Additionally, the fashion industry has also been closed to either multidisciplinary or transdisciplinary initiatives outside the scope of the artistic disciplines. Therefore, innovative approaches are needed to solve fashion industrial challenges. One of the most promising fields to tackle current environmental and technological problems in the fashion industry is microbiology. Through the emergent field of synthetic biology, the number of tools and approaches available is increasing and they can already be seen in niche applications. Despite the current advances and urgent need for change, there is still a long way until a more sustainable fashion industry is achieved.
Collapse
|
17
|
Teshnizi FA, Ghobadinia M, Abbasi F, Hallett PD, Sepehrnia N. Biochar and flow interruption control spatio-temporal dynamics of fecal coliform retention under subsurface drip irrigation. JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY 2023; 253:104128. [PMID: 36603302 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2022.104128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Applying wastewater in subsurface drip irrigation helps address water shortage in arid and semi-arid environments. Microbial contamination may result, but soil amendments such as biochar could help protect soil and water resources. To improve understanding, this study investigated spatio-temporal dynamics of fecal coliform retention in a biochar-treated soil under subsurface drip irrigation. Two dripper discharges rates of 2 and 4 l hr-1 containing fecal coliforms (3.99 ± 1.4 × 105 CFU ml-1), three maximum allowable depletion levels (MAD; 30, 50, and 70%), and three biochar levels (0, 0.5 and 1%, w/w) were used. The lysimeters were filled with biochar-treated soil and had drippers located at 20 cm depth. Three irrigations were performed for either Q, and soil samples were taken after each irrigation at different times at the lysimeter centre at 5, 15, 25, and 50 cm depths and at the edge at 20 cm depth (labeled 20 L). Soils containing biochar had much greater recovered coliforms from soil than the unamended controls. The greatest retention was at 15 and 25 cm depth (within 5 cm of the dripper) for 1% biochar, with the recovered cells about 70% for 2 l hr-1 discharge and 60% for 4 l hr-1 discharge. The greatest concentration occurred immediately after irrigation, but over 10 days the number of coliforms gradually decreased and inactivated. Therefore, the coliform residence time, soil depth, and biochar rate all influenced coliform retention if the discharge rates and MADs were considered. We recommend slower subsurface dripper rates with high MAD and biochar amendment to minimize fecal coliform contamination from subsurface field wastewater irrigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Forough Abbasi Teshnizi
- Department of Water Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran.
| | - Mahdi Ghobadinia
- Department of Water Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Fariborz Abbasi
- Agricultural Engineering Research Institute (AERI), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Paul D Hallett
- School of Biological Sciences, Cruickshank Building, St Machar Drive Aberdeen, AB24 3UU, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Nasrollah Sepehrnia
- School of Biological Sciences, Cruickshank Building, St Machar Drive Aberdeen, AB24 3UU, Scotland, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Anand U, Vaishnav A, Sharma SK, Sahu J, Ahmad S, Sunita K, Suresh S, Dey A, Bontempi E, Singh AK, Proćków J, Shukla AK. Current advances and research prospects for agricultural and industrial uses of microbial strains available in world collections. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 842:156641. [PMID: 35700781 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Microorganisms are an important component of the ecosystem and have an enormous impact on human lives. Moreover, microorganisms are considered to have desirable effects on other co-existing species in a variety of habitats, such as agriculture and industries. In this way, they also have enormous environmental applications. Hence, collections of microorganisms with specific traits are a crucial step in developing new technologies to harness the microbial potential. Microbial culture collections (MCCs) are a repository for the preservation of a large variety of microbial species distributed throughout the world. In this context, culture collections (CCs) and microbial biological resource centres (mBRCs) are vital for the safeguarding and circulation of biological resources, as well as for the progress of the life sciences. Ex situ conservation of microorganisms tagged with specific traits in the collections is the crucial step in developing new technologies to harness their potential. Type strains are mainly used in taxonomic study, whereas reference strains are used for agricultural, biotechnological, pharmaceutical research and commercial work. Despite the tremendous potential in microbiological research, little effort has been made in the true sense to harness the potential of conserved microorganisms. This review highlights (1) the importance of available global microbial collections for man and (2) the use of these resources in different research and applications in agriculture, biotechnology, and industry. In addition, an extensive literature survey was carried out on preserved microorganisms from different collection centres using the Web of Science (WoS) and SCOPUS. This review also emphasizes knowledge gaps and future perspectives. Finally, this study provides a critical analysis of the current and future roles of microorganisms available in culture collections for different sustainable agricultural and industrial applications. This work highlights target-specific potential microbial strains that have multiple important metabolic and genetic traits for future research and use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Uttpal Anand
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Anukool Vaishnav
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Applied Sciences & Humanities, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh 281406, India; Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zürich, Zollikerstrasse 107, CH-8008 Zürich, Switzerland; Plant-Soil Interaction Group, Agroscope (Reckenholz), Reckenholzstrasse 191, 8046 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Sushil K Sharma
- National Agriculturally Important Microbial Culture Collection (NAIMCC), ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms (ICAR-NBAIM), Mau 275 103, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Jagajjit Sahu
- GyanArras Academy, Gothapatna, Malipada, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751029, India
| | - Sarfaraz Ahmad
- Department of Botany, Jai Prakash University, Saran, Chhapra 841301, Bihar, India
| | - Kumari Sunita
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Deen Dayal Upadhyay Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh 273009, India
| | - S Suresh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal 462 003, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, 86/1 College Street, Kolkata 700073, West Bengal, India
| | - Elza Bontempi
- INSTM and Chemistry for Technologies Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Brescia, Via Branze, 38, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Amit Kishore Singh
- Department of Botany, Bhagalpur National College, (A Constituent unit of Tilka Manjhi Bhagalpur University), Bhagalpur 812007, Bihar, India
| | - Jarosław Proćków
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Kożuchowska 5b, 51-631 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Awadhesh Kumar Shukla
- Department of Botany, K.S. Saket P.G. College, Ayodhya (affiliated to Dr. Rammanohar Lohia Avadh University, Ayodhya) 224123, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Phytoremediation Potential of Selected Ornamental Woody Species to Heavy Metal Accumulation in Response to Long-Term Irrigation with Treated Wastewater. WATER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/w14132086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Arid and semiarid environments of Mediterranean countries suffer from scarcity of water resources, which limits their agriculture productivity. Using treated wastewater (TWW) is considered an alternative strategy for irrigation purposes in such areas. However, TWW contains substantial levels of heavy metals (HMs) and contaminants that pollute the environment and soil. The aim of this study is to evaluate the phytoremediation potential of six selected woody tree species under long-term irrigation with TWW. The concentration, bioaccumulation factor (BFC), translocation factor (TF), and comprehensive bioconcentration index (CBCI) of HMs were measured in the various parts (roots, bark, and leaves) of the studied tree species. The results show a general pattern of mineral accumulation in the roots and low translocation to the areal parts of various species. Cupressus sempervirens, which is a native species in Mediterranean environments, had higher TF values for Fe, Mn, Cu, Cr, Cd, and Pb metals in its areal parts compared to other tree species. The study shows that Ficus nitida has the potential to be a hyperaccumulator for Cd in its bark, with a TF value that exceeds 12. Deciduous trees species (Populus nigra and Robinia pseudoacacia) were found to have high TF values for Ni and Cd toward their areal parts, whereas a higher TF for Cr (1.21) was only found in P. nigra bark. Cupressus sempervirens had, significantly, the highest bark and leaf CBCI values (0.83 and 0.82, respectively), whereas Ficus nitida had the second-highest values in the bark and leaves (0.56 and 0.51, respectively). Therefore, Cupressus sempervirens and Ficus nitida are considered good hyperaccumulators for various HMs, and can be used for phytoremediation activities in polluted areas.
Collapse
|
20
|
Zhang D, Prigiobbe V. Measuring and modeling the influence of salinity change on the transport behaviour of Escherichia coli through quartz sand. JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY 2022; 248:104016. [PMID: 35512510 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2022.104016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Pathogenic bacteria can be discharged in the environment through natural as well as anthropogenic activities. Once in the environment, they may contaminate soil and sediments and migrate towards water bodies. Transient chemical conditions may occur in soil/sediments and favor mobilization of bacteria, e.g., upon the reduction of salinity (or ionic strength). However, the magnitude of this phenomenon and its relationship with particle size is not well understood, yet. In this work, we investigated the transport of Escherichia coli under variable salinity conditions (between 1 and 20 part per thousand, ppt) and for different soil grain sizes (between 150 and 710 μm). A model developed in our group was applied in this work. It couples bacteria and salinity transport equations in order to account for transient water composition in the description of bacteria migration. The model was calibrated and validated with laboratory experiments. The tests were monitored continuously with UV-Vis spectroscopy, which allowed to record highly resolved concentration fronts. The results show that salinity increases the retardation of the bacteria. Upon salinity drop, a release of bacteria occurs forming a peak whose magnitude increases with salinity change. This effect becomes more important as the grain size decreases. Simulations suggest that the dominant retention mechanism is attachment for coarse sand and straining for fine sand. The retention can be reversed as the salinity is reduced causing a sudden bacteria mobilization. Such a behaviour may have important implications on microbial contamination of water bodies when soil/sediments undergo transient chemical conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Zhang
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Ocean Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Castle Point on Hudson, Hoboken, NJ 07030, United States; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, United States
| | - Valentina Prigiobbe
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Ocean Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Castle Point on Hudson, Hoboken, NJ 07030, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Nutrients Uptake and Accumulation in Plant Parts of Fragrant Rosa Species Irrigated with Treated and Untreated Wastewater. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11091260. [PMID: 35567262 PMCID: PMC9103440 DOI: 10.3390/plants11091260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Water scarcity has critically augmented the need for the exploration of alternative irrigation sources mainly in water-scarce regions. This water scarcity has put tremendous pressure on the agri-based economy of countries such as Pakistan. The reuse of sewage wastewater has been appearing as the only alternative water source, which can lessen our dependence upon freshwater (FW). The current study aimed to scrutinize the influence of treated wastewater (TWW) and untreated wastewater (UTWW) irrigation on the nutrient (N, P, K, Ca, and Na) concentration in different plant parts, i.e., roots, stems, leaves, and flowers, of four scented Rosa species (R. bourboniana, R. centifolia, R. Gruss-an-telpitz, and R. damascena) during the first week of 2018 to the last week of 2019. The experiment was arranged according to the two-factor factorial arrangement i.e., factor I was the irrigation source, while factor II was the Rosa species. The experimental water analysis showed that mineral and chemical concentrations in FW and TWW were within permissible limits of national environmental quality standards (NEQSs) for wastewater. The UTWW of this study possessed a higher electrical conductivity (EC), chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD), total nitrogen (TN), and metals (Cd, Co, and Pb) than recommended levels. The results revealed that P, K, Ca, and Na contents significantly increased in all studied plant parts of Rosa species as the duration of irrigation with TWW and UTWW increased and vice versa in the case of N contents, while the ratio of N content elevation by applying TWW and UTWW were also not increased compared to other studied nutrients. The nutrients (except Ca) were found as maximum in all plant parts with UTWW compared to FW and TWW irrigation in roses. These stimulations were accredited to the presence of higher essential nutrients and some metals in UTWW. This experiment confirmed the disparities in nutrient contents of scented Rosa species due to the different absorbability of each element in every plant part. Regarding the nutrient accumulation in rose plant tissues, the results of the present study confirm that untreated wastewater must be treated to some extent to grow scented roses where water is scarce.
Collapse
|
22
|
Mahjoub O, Mauffret A, Michel C, Chmingui W. Use of groundwater and reclaimed water for agricultural irrigation: Farmers' practices and attitudes and related environmental and health risks. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 295:133945. [PMID: 35157888 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Agricultural reuse of treated wastewater (TWW) for irrigation is widely practiced. Its conjunctive use with freshwater is becoming more common to guarantee food security, while the rationale behind and its sustainability are quite arguable. The objective of this study is to better understand the drivers of the conjunctive use of TWW and groundwater (GW) in Nabeul region, Tunisia, and the potential environmental and health impacts taking into account farmers' practices and attitudes toward reuse. TWW used for irrigation exhibited relatively high salinity and high microbiological load. GW has a very high salinity. TWW and GW showed low concentrations of heavy metals (Al, Cd, Co, Cu, Cr, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn). Concentrations of pharmaceutical compounds were between Limits of Quantification and 13 μg/L. In GW, values were relatively high, especially for caffeine, carbamazepine, ofloxacin, and ketoprofen. Farmers have a low perception of the polluting load of TWW and GW and of their potential long-term impacts on agricultural environment, human health, and agricultural productivity. GW availability has facilitated its conjunctive use with TWW, either to augment water quantity and/or to improve its quality. Despite its low quality, GW timeliness for irrigation was the main driver to guarantee a better yield and quality of produces. Soil microbial community, bacterial biomass, denitrifying potential and carbon oxidation profiles were similar under TWW, GW and their conjunctive use. Though an effect of the sampling period was observed with a high abundance of denitrifying bacteria in the wet season and a low carbon oxidation activity at the end of the dry season. The conjunctive use of TWW and GW is very likely unsustainable from health and environmental perspectives. Balancing farmers' economic profit against the preservation of agricultural activity, linked to cultural and natural heritage, remains one of the challenges for decision-makers and regional stakeholders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olfa Mahjoub
- University of Carthage, National Research Institute for Rural Engineering, Water, and Forestry (INRGREF), Hedy Karray Street, P.O. Box 10, 2080, Ariana, Tunisia; University of Carthage, Laboratory of Agricultural Sciences and Techniques (LR16INRAT05), National Institute of Agronomic Research of Tunisia (INRAT), Tunisia.
| | - Aourell Mauffret
- IFREMER, RBE, Chemical Contamination of Marine Ecosystems, Nantes, France; BRGM, DEPA (Direction de L'Eau, de L'Environnement, des Procédés et Analyses), GME (Unité Géomicrobiologie et Monitoring Environnemental), 3 Avenue Claude Guillemin, BP 36000, 45060, Orléans, Cedex 2, France
| | - Caroline Michel
- BRGM, DEPA (Direction de L'Eau, de L'Environnement, des Procédés et Analyses), GME (Unité Géomicrobiologie et Monitoring Environnemental), 3 Avenue Claude Guillemin, BP 36000, 45060, Orléans, Cedex 2, France
| | - Walid Chmingui
- University of Carthage, National Research Institute for Rural Engineering, Water, and Forestry (INRGREF), Hedy Karray Street, P.O. Box 10, 2080, Ariana, Tunisia; University of Carthage, Laboratory of Agricultural Sciences and Techniques (LR16INRAT05), National Institute of Agronomic Research of Tunisia (INRAT), Tunisia
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Fallahiarezoudar E, Ahmadipourroudposht M, Yakideh K, Ngadiman NA. An eco-environmental efficiency analysis of Malaysia sewage treatment plants: an incorporated window-based data envelopment analysis and ordinary least square regression. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:38285-38302. [PMID: 35075563 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-18742-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Most human activities that use water produced sewage. As urbanization grows, the overall demand for water grows. Correspondingly, the amount of produced sewage and pollution-induced water shortage is continuously increasing worldwide. Ensuring there are sufficient and safe water supplies for everyone is becoming increasingly challenging. Sewage treatment is an essential prerequisite for water reclamation and reuse. Sewage treatment plants' (STPs) performance in terms of economic and environmental perspective is known as a critical indicator for this purpose. Here, the window-based data envelopment analysis model was applied to dynamically assess the relative annual efficiency of STPs under different window widths. A total of five STPs across Malaysia were analyzed during 2015-2019. The labor cost, utility cost, operation cost, chemical consumption cost, and removal rate of pollution, as well as greenhouse gases' (GHGs) emissions, all were integrated to interpret the eco-environmental efficiency. Moreover, the ordinary least square as a supplementary method was used to regress the efficiency drivers. The results indicated the particular window width significantly affects the average of overall efficiencies; however, it shows no influence on the ranking of STP efficiency. The labor cost was determined as the most influential parameter, involving almost 40% of the total cost incurred. Hence, higher efficiency was observed with the larger-scale plants. Meanwhile, the statistical regression analysis illustrates the significance of plant scale, inflow cBOD concentrations, and inflow total phosphorus concentrations at [Formula: see text] on the performance. Lastly, some applicable techniques were suggested in terms of GHG emission mitigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Fallahiarezoudar
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Technology and Engineering, East of Guilan, University of Guilan, 44918, Roudsar, Guilan, Iran.
| | - Mohaddeseh Ahmadipourroudposht
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Islamic Azad University (Lahijan Branch), Lahijan, Guilan, Iran
| | - Keikhosro Yakideh
- Department of Management, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, University of Guilan, 41996, Rasht, Guilan, Iran
| | - NorHasrul Akhmal Ngadiman
- Department of Materials, Manufacturing & Industrial Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Gallego S, Brienza M, Béguet J, Chiron S, Martin-Laurent F. Impact of repeated irrigation of lettuce cultures with municipal wastewater on soil bacterial community diversity and composition. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:29236-29243. [PMID: 34117546 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14734-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The effect of wastewater irrigation on the diversity and composition of bacterial communities of soil mesocosms planted with lettuces was studied over an experiment made of five cultivation campaigns. A limited effect of irrigation with either raw or treated wastewater was observed in both α-diversity and β-diversity of soil bacterial communities. However, the irrigation with wastewater fortified with a complex mixture of fourteen relevant chemicals at 10 μg/L each, including pharmaceutical, biocide, and pesticide active substances, led to a drift in the composition of soil bacterial community. One hundred operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were identified as responsible for changes between treated and fortified wastewater irrigation treatments. Our findings indicate that under a realistic agronomical scenario, the irrigation of vegetables with domestic (treated or raw) wastewater has no effect on soil bacterial communities. Nevertheless, under the worst-case scenario tested here (i.e., wastewater fortified with a mixture of chemicals), non-resilient changes were observed suggesting that continuous/repeated irrigation with wastewater could lead to the accumulation of contaminants in soil and induce changes in bacterial communities with unknown functional consequences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Gallego
- AgroSup Dijon, INRAE, Univ. Bourgogne, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UMR Agroécologie, INRAE, 17 rue Sully, BP86510, 21065, Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Monica Brienza
- UMR HydroSciences Montpellier, Montpellier University, IRD, 15 Avenue Charles Flahault, 34093, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Vial dell'Ateneo Lucano, 10 85100, Potenza, Italy
| | - Jérémie Béguet
- AgroSup Dijon, INRAE, Univ. Bourgogne, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UMR Agroécologie, INRAE, 17 rue Sully, BP86510, 21065, Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Serge Chiron
- UMR HydroSciences Montpellier, Montpellier University, IRD, 15 Avenue Charles Flahault, 34093, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Fabrice Martin-Laurent
- AgroSup Dijon, INRAE, Univ. Bourgogne, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UMR Agroécologie, INRAE, 17 rue Sully, BP86510, 21065, Dijon Cedex, France.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Li Y, Li W, Ji L, Song F, Li T, Fu X, Li Q, Xing Y, Zhang Q, Wang J. Effects of Salinity on the Biodegradation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Oilfield Soils Emphasizing Degradation Genes and Soil Enzymes. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:824319. [PMID: 35087508 PMCID: PMC8787140 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.824319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The biodegradation of organic pollutants is the main pathway for the natural dissipation and anthropogenic remediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the environment. However, in the saline soils, the PAH biodegradation could be influenced by soil salts through altering the structures of microbial communities and physiological metabolism of degradation bacteria. In the worldwide, soils from oilfields are commonly threated by both soil salinity and PAH contamination, while the influence mechanism of soil salinity on PAH biodegradation were still unclear, especially the shifts of degradation genes and soil enzyme activities. In order to explain the responses of soils and bacterial communities, analysis was conducted including soil properties, structures of bacterial community, PAH degradation genes and soil enzyme activities during a biodegradation process of PAHs in oilfield soils. The results showed that, though low soil salinity (1% NaCl, w/w) could slightly increase PAH degradation rate, the biodegradation in high salt condition (3% NaCl, w/w) were restrained significantly. The higher the soil salinity, the lower the bacterial community diversity, copy number of degradation gene and soil enzyme activity, which could be the reason for reductions of degradation rates in saline soils. Analysis of bacterial community structure showed that, the additions of NaCl increase the abundance of salt-tolerant and halophilic genera, especially in high salt treatments where the halophilic genera dominant, such as Acinetobacter and Halomonas. Picrust2 and redundancy analysis (RDA) both revealed suppression of PAH degradation genes by soil salts, which meant the decrease of degradation microbes and should be the primary cause of reduction of PAH removal. The soil enzyme activities could be indicators for microorganisms when they are facing adverse environmental conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Ecology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Wenjing Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Ecology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Lei Ji
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Ecology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Fanyong Song
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Ecology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Tianyuan Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Ecology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Xiaowen Fu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Ecology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Qi Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Ecology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Yingna Xing
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Ecology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Ecology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Jianing Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Ecology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Guedes P, Martins C, Couto N, Silva J, Mateus EP, Ribeiro AB, Pereira CS. Irrigation of soil with reclaimed wastewater acts as a buffer of microbial taxonomic and functional biodiversity. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 802:149671. [PMID: 34454147 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The usage of reclaimed wastewater (RWW) for irrigation of agricultural soils is increasingly being acknowledged for reducing water consumption by promoting reuse of treated wastewater, and for the delivery of extant nutrients in the soil. The downside is that RWW may be a vector for contamination of soils with contaminants of emerging concern (CECs), if left uncontrolled. Its usage is anticipated to alter the soil properties, consequently also the soil microbial community. In the present study, soil microcosms were set to monitor how short periods (up to fourteen days) of RWW irrigation influence the soil ecosystem, namely its physicochemical properties, functioning, and colonising microbiota (differentiating fungi from bacteria). Two scenarios were studied: clean soil and soil contaminated (spiked) with 9 CECs, at conditions that limit any abiotic decay processes, monitoring along time fluctuations in the taxonomic and functional microbiota diversity. As shortly as fourteen days, the irrigation of either soil with RWW did not significantly (p > 0.05) alter its physicochemical properties and scarcely impacted the bioremediation processes of the CECs that showed decay levels ranging from 24% to 100%. Bacillus spp. dominance was enhanced along time in all the soil microcosms (reaching over 70% of the total abundance on the 7th day) but the RWW help to preserve, to some extent, high bacterial diversity. Besides, irrigation with RWW acted as a buffer of the soil mycobiota, limiting alterations in its composition caused either along time (to a minor degree) or due to contamination with CECs (to a great degree). This includes limiting the rise of Rhizopus sp. relative abundance. Collectively, our data support the utility of short-term periods of RWW irrigation for preserving the soil microbial diversity and functioning, especially when fungi are considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paula Guedes
- CENSE - Center for Environmental and Sustainability Research, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal.
| | - Celso Martins
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Nazaré Couto
- CENSE - Center for Environmental and Sustainability Research, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Joana Silva
- CENSE - Center for Environmental and Sustainability Research, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Eduardo P Mateus
- CENSE - Center for Environmental and Sustainability Research, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Alexandra B Ribeiro
- CENSE - Center for Environmental and Sustainability Research, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Cristina Silva Pereira
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Assessment of Non-Conventional Irrigation Water in Greenhouse Cucumber (Cucumis sativus) Production. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su14010257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Climate change, urbanization and subsequent environmental changes are depleting freshwater resources around the globe. The reuse of domestic, industrial and agricultural wastewater is an alternative approach to freshwater that can be used for irrigation purposes. However, these wastewaters may contain hazardous and toxic elements, such as heavy metals that are hazardous for human health and the environment. Therefore, an experiment was conducted to evaluate the concentration of macro, micro and heavy metals in cucumber irrigated with different resources (tap water, greywater, dairy water and wastewater). The results showed that the use of different irrigation resources has increased the level of macro (sodium (Na), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg)), microelements (zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn)), and heavy metals (copper (Cu), barium (Ba), lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd)) in cucumber leaves and fruits. However, their levels were in the range that is safe for human health and the environment was as recommended by FAO maximum values of trace elements (Zn, 2.0; Fe 1.0; Mn, 0.2; Cu, 0.2; Pb, 5.0, and Cd, 0.01 mgL−1). Based on observations, it was also revealed that among different irrigation resources, the use of dairy water in cucumber improved its agronomic attributes and maximum plant yield (1191.02 g), while the different irrigation resources showed a non-significant impact on fruit diameter. However, total soluble solid contents (TSS) were more significant in cucumber fruits treated with wastewater (2.26 °brix) followed by dairy water (2.06 °brix), while the least TSS contents (1.57 °brix) were observed in cucumber plants treated with tap water. The significance of non-conventional irrigation water use in agriculture, particularly greenhouse cucumber (Cucumis sativus) production, is discussed.
Collapse
|
28
|
The Effect of Multi-Years Reclaimed Water Irrigation on Dryland Carbon Sequestration in the North China Plain. WATER 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/w13223260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Reclaimed water is an alternative water source which could alleviate the shortage of water resources in agricultural systems. Many researchers have studied the effect of reclaimed water on soil environment, crop yield, etc. However, carbon sequestration in reclaimed water irrigated agricultural systems is less studied. This study investigates methane uptake and photosynthesis in reclaimed water irrigation systems contributing to carbon sequestration estimation and analyzes the important factors impacting them. The results show that CH4 uptake is related to soil water-filled pore space (WFPS) with a quadratic and it has the highest uptake when WFPS is between 40 and 50%. Long-term reclaimed water irrigation could significantly decrease (p < 0.05) CH4 uptake and macroaggregate stability in the topsoil. However, reclaimed water had no significant impact on photosynthesis in comparison. The type of fertilizer is an important factor which impacts CH4 emission from soil; urea had a lower CH4 uptake and a higher CO2 emission than slow-released fertilizer. Overall, reclaimed water irrigation could effectively decrease soil carbon sequestration. A soil wetted proportion level of 40–50% was recommended in this study for favorable methane oxidation. Slow-released fertilizer in reclaimed water irrigated agriculture could better control soil carbon emission and soil carbon absorption.
Collapse
|
29
|
Oubane M, Khadra A, Ezzariai A, Kouisni L, Hafidi M. Heavy metal accumulation and genotoxic effect of long-term wastewater irrigated peri-urban agricultural soils in semiarid climate. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 794:148611. [PMID: 34225150 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Water scarcity is becoming an alarming issue in the Mediterranean countries. Therefore, using the treated wastewater in the irrigation is considered as a valuable option. However, uncontrolled and long-term irrigation by wastewater leads to human health and environmental damages, mainly related to some specific pollutants. The assessment of the availability and toxicity of the heavy metals after long term irrigation, under semi-arid climate, is not yet well documented. In this study, physicochemical properties, genotoxicity (Vicia faba micronucleus test), total and available (CaCl2-extractable) concentrations of Cr, Pb, Cu, Zn, Co and Cd in eight soils of peri-urban farms irrigated with wastewater were examined to evaluate their accumulation. The results indicated that long-term irrigation with wastewater induced significant increase of electrical conductivity, organic matter, calcium carbonate equivalent and nutrient availability. Total and available concentration of heavy metals were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in irrigated soils by wastewater. The total concentrations of Zn, Pb, Cu, Cr, Cd and Co in irrigated soils by wastewater at 0-40 cm depth were 85.69, 43.94, 34.86, 14.62, 9.94 and 7.17 mg kg-1, respectively. Furthermore, the increase of the available metal fraction in irrigated soils by wastewater at 0-40 cm depth followed the following order: Co (1270.1%) > Cd (914.5%) > Cu (881.5%) > Cr (471.2%) > Pb (230.8%) > Zn (223.8%). The micronucleus assay indicated significant increase of micronucleus frequencies (41.25‰, 35.48‰, 21.66‰, 16.23‰ and 13.62‰ respectively for P1, P2, P3, P4 and P7) which were higher than the negative control (0‰) and the irrigated soil by fresh water (3.29‰). The micronucleus induction was significantly correlated with the high available fraction of Cd, Co and Zn at P1, P2 and P7. The genotoxicity can be a powerful test to assess the ecological effects associated with the interactions of heavy metals with other pollutants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Oubane
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology, Agrosciences and Environment, Faculty of Science Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh 40000, Morocco
| | - Ahmed Khadra
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology, Agrosciences and Environment, Faculty of Science Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh 40000, Morocco
| | - Amine Ezzariai
- African Sustainable Agriculture Research Institute (ASARI), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Laayoune 70000, Morocco
| | - Lamfeddal Kouisni
- African Sustainable Agriculture Research Institute (ASARI), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Laayoune 70000, Morocco; University Mohammed VI Polytechnic (UM6P), Agrobiosciences Department, Benguerir, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Hafidi
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology, Agrosciences and Environment, Faculty of Science Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh 40000, Morocco; University Mohammed VI Polytechnic (UM6P), Agrobiosciences Department, Benguerir, Morocco.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Siddiqui ZH, Abbas ZK. Assessment of phytotoxicity of treated water of Tabuk wastewater plant by different technologies on seed germination of chick pea (Cicer arietinum). WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2021; 84:2968-2979. [PMID: 34850707 PMCID: wst_2021_287 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2021.287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The use of reclaimed water as an alternative source is a sustainable way forward for an arid country like The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The sewage contains organic and inorganic pollutants from households and industrial sources that may not be removed during treatment. In this study, seeds of Cicer arietinum were germinated using six different concentrations of treated water from the Tabuk wastewater treatment plant and tap water was used as control. The physicochemical properties such as total dissolved solids, electrical conductivity, total suspended solids, and turbidity values of treated water were higher, which gradually decreased on dilution with tap water. The amount of ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, and phosphate was in higher concentration in treated water as compared to control. The use of 40% treated water (T3) improved the germination percentage, speed of germination and germination index of C. arietinum. The phytotoxicity test reveals that undiluted treated water (T6) is not fit for direct use on plants. All the investigated treatments confirmed that the use of more than 40% of treated water decreased the fresh weight and dry weight of the seedlings as compared to control. The results are encouraging and help in attaining water sustainability in the Tabuk region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zahid Hameed Siddiqui
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, KSA E-mail: ;
| | - Zahid Khorshid Abbas
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, KSA E-mail: ;
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Gallego S, Montemurro N, Béguet J, Rouard N, Philippot L, Pérez S, Martin-Laurent F. Ecotoxicological risk assessment of wastewater irrigation on soil microorganisms: Fate and impact of wastewater-borne micropollutants in lettuce-soil system. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 223:112595. [PMID: 34390984 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The implementation of the new Water Reuse regulation in the European Union brings to the forefront the need to evaluate the risks of using wastewater for crop irrigation. Here, a two-tier ecotoxicological risk assessment was performed to evaluate the fate of wastewater-borne micropollutants in soil and their ecotoxicological impact on plants and soil microorganisms. To this end, two successive cultivation campaigns of lettuces were irrigated with wastewater (at agronomical dose (not spiked) and spiked with a mixture of 14 pharmaceuticals at 10 and 100 µg/L each) in a controlled greenhouse experiment. Over the two cultivation campaigns, an accumulation of PPCPs was observed in soil microcosms irrigated with wastewater spiked with 100 μg/L of PPCPs with the highest concentrations detected for clarithromycin, hydrochlorothiazide, citalopram, climbazole and carbamazepine. The abundance of bacterial and fungal communities remained stable over the two cultivation campaigns and was not affected by any of the irrigation regimes applied. Similarly, no changes were observed in the abundance of ammonium oxidizing archaea (AOA) and bacteria (AOB), nor in clade A of commamox no matter the cultivation campaign or the irrigation regime considered. Only a slight increase was detected in clade B of commamox bacteria after the second cultivation campaign. Sulfamethoxazole-resistant and -degrading bacteria were not impacted either. The irrigation regimes had only a limited effect on the bacterial evenness. However, in response to wastewater irrigation the structure of soil bacterial community significantly changed the relative abundance of Acidobacteria, Chloroflexi, Verrucomicrobia, Beta-, Gamma- and Deltaprotebacteria. Twenty-eight operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were identified as responsible for the changes observed within the bacterial communities of soils irrigated with wastewater or with water. Interestingly, the relative abundance of these OTUs was similar in soils irrigated with either spiked or non-spiked irrigation solutions. This indicates that under both agronomical and worst-case scenario the mixture of fourteen PPCPs had no effect on soil bacterial community.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Gallego
- Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, AgroSup Dijon, INRAE, Agroécologie, Dijon, France
| | - Nicola Montemurro
- ENFOCHEM, Environmental Chemistry Department, IDAEA-CSIC, c/Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jérémie Béguet
- Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, AgroSup Dijon, INRAE, Agroécologie, Dijon, France
| | - Nadine Rouard
- Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, AgroSup Dijon, INRAE, Agroécologie, Dijon, France
| | - Laurent Philippot
- Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, AgroSup Dijon, INRAE, Agroécologie, Dijon, France
| | - Sandra Pérez
- ENFOCHEM, Environmental Chemistry Department, IDAEA-CSIC, c/Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Long-Term Impact of Wastewater Irrigation on Soil Pollution and Degradation: A Case Study from Egypt. WATER 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/w13162245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
There is consensus on the impact of wastewater irrigation on soil properties and heavy metal accumulation. The studies that show the impact of temporal changes as a result of different long-term additions of wastewater on the heavy metal accumulation and degradation of soil are extremely limited. This study was carried out to assess heavy metal contamination in soils irrigated with wastewater for more than 30 years in Egypt. A total number of 12 irrigation water samples and 12 soil profiles were collected during 2020 and were chemically characterized. The results showed that soils irrigated with wastewater over the long term contained significantly higher concentrations of heavy metals compared to fields irrigated with fresh water. Heavy metal levels in water and soil samples were within the permissible limits, with the exception of Cd concentration in water (0.03 mg L−1). Continuous cultivation for a long period of time (30 years) using raw urban wastewater application has led to the adverse effect of increasingly available Pb concentration (5.44 mg kg−1). Similar temporal behavior was seen for Cd and Fe, which increased by 0.98 and 11.2 mg kg−1, respectively, after 30 years. The heavy metals in wastewater-irrigated soils significantly increased in clayey soils, as compared to sandy soils irrigated from the same source. Our findings provide important information for decision makers in Egypt and similar countries for the development of a strategy for the use of wastewater in irrigation for sustainable agricultural management.
Collapse
|
33
|
Cheng K, Xu X, Cui L, Li Y, Zheng J, Wu W, Sun J, Pan G. The role of soils in regulation of freshwater and coastal water quality. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2021; 376:20200176. [PMID: 34365829 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2020.0176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Water quality regulation is an important ecosystem service function of soil. In this study, the mechanism by which soil regulates water quality was reviewed, and the effects of soil management on water quality were explored. A scientometrics analysis was also conducted to explore the research fields and hotspots of water quality regulation of soil in the past 5 years. This review found that the pollutants entering the soil can be mitigated by precipitation, adsorption and desorption, ion exchange, redox and metabolic decomposition. As an optimal substrate, soil in constructed wetlands has perfect performance in the adsorption and passivation of pollutants such as nitrogen, phosphorus and heavy metals in water, and degradation of pesticides and emerging contaminants. Mangrove wetlands play an important role in coastal zone protection and coastal water quality restoration. However, the excessive application of agricultural chemicals causes soil overload, which leads to the occurrence of agricultural non-point source pollution. Under the dual pressures of climate change and food insecurity in the future, developing environmentally friendly and economically feasible sustainable soil management measures is crucial for maintaining the water purification function of soil by relying on the accurate quantification of soil function based on big data and modelling. This article is part of the theme issue 'The role of soils in delivering Nature's Contributions to People'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Cheng
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangrui Xu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Liqiang Cui
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Jiangsu 224003, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunpeng Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Jufeng Zheng
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenao Wu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianfei Sun
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Genxing Pan
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu 210095, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Abba N, Sung CTB, Paing TN, Zuan ATK. Wastewater from Washed Rice Water as Plant Nutrient Source: Current Understanding and Knowledge Gaps. PERTANIKA JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.47836/pjst.29.3.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A significant wastewater source in every household is washed rice water (WRW) because it contains leached nutrients (from washing the rice prior to cooking) that could be used as fertilizer. The paper reviewed the current understanding of the potential use of WRW as a plant nutrient source. WRW was shown to increase vegetables growth, such as water spinach, pak choy, lettuce, mustard, tomato, and eggplant. Different researchers have used various amounts of WRW, and their results followed a similar trend: the higher the amount of WRW, the higher the plant growth. WRW has also been used for other purposes, such as a source of carbon for microbial growth. WRW from brown rice and white rice had nutrients ranging from 40-150, 43-16306, 51-200, 8-3574, 36-1425, 27-212, and 32-560 mg L-1 of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, and vitamin B1 (thiamine), respectively. Proper utilization of WRW could reduce chemical fertilizer use and prevent both surface and groundwater contamination and environmental pollution. However, only a few of the studies have compared the use of WRW with the use of conventional NPK fertilizer. The major drawback of WRW studies is that they lack depth and scope, such as determining the initial and (or) final soil physico-chemical properties or plant nutrient contents. Considering the rich nutrient content in WRW, it will impact plant growth and soil fertility when used as both irrigation water and plant nutrient source. Therefore, it is recommended that studies on WRW effect on soil microbial population, plant, and soil nutrient contents to be carried out to ascertain the sustainability of WRW use as a plant nutrient source.
Collapse
|
35
|
Abstract
As the most important resource for life, water has been a central issue on the international agenda for several decades. Yet, the world’s supply of clean freshwater is steadily decreasing due to extensive agricultural demand for irrigated lands. Therefore, water resources should be used with greater efficiency, and the use of non-traditional water resources, such as Treated Wastewater (TW), should be increased. Reusing TW could be an alternative option to increase water resources. Thus, many countries have decided to turn wastewater into an irrigation resource to help meet urban demand and address water shortages. However, because of the nature of that water, there are potential problems associated with its use in irrigation. Some of the major concerns are health hazards, salinity build-up, and toxicity hazards. The objectives of this comprehensive literature review are to illuminate the importance of using TW in irrigation as an alternative freshwater source and to assess the effects of its use on soil fertility and other soil properties, plants, and public health. The literature review reveals that TW reuse has become part of the extension program for boosting water resource utilization. However, the uncontrolled application of such waters has many unfavorable effects on both soils and plants, especially in the long-term. To reduce these unfavorable effects when using TW in irrigation, proper guidelines for wastewater reuse and management should be followed to limit negative effects significantly.
Collapse
|
36
|
Marcos MS, González MC, Vallejos MB, Barrionuevo CG, Olivera NL. Impact of irrigation with fish-processing effluents on nitrification and ammonia-oxidizer abundances in Patagonian arid soils. Arch Microbiol 2021; 203:3945-3953. [PMID: 34021768 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-021-02358-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the short-term effects of irrigation with diluted fish-processing effluents on soil pH, electrical conductivity, nitrification rate and abundance of ammonia oxidizers. To accomplish that, we constructed microcosms of soil from an undisturbed arid ecosystem of Patagonia, and irrigated them for 2 months with diluted effluents from a fish-processing factory or with water as control. In the initial soil sample, and along the experiment, we determined soil pH, electrical conductivity, and the concentration of inorganic nitrogen forms, which we used to calculate the net nitrification rate. We further estimated the abundances of ammonia-oxidizing archaea and bacteria in the initial soil sample and at the end of the experiment, by qPCR of amoA genes. Soil pH decreased and electrical conductivity increased in both irrigation treatments, although the effect was higher in effluent-irrigated microcosms. Soil nitrate + nitrite concentration, and thus the nitrification rate, was higher in effluent than in water-irrigated microcosms. The abundance of archaeal amoA genes was higher under effluent than water-irrigation, but that of bacterial amoA genes did not vary significantly between treatments. Neither ammonia-oxidizing archaea nor bacteria were influenced by the changes in soil pH and electrical conductivity induced by effluent irrigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magalí S Marcos
- Laboratorio de Microbiología y Biotecnología, Instituto Patagónico para el Estudio de los Ecosistemas Continentales (IPEEC-CONICET, CCT CONICET-CENPAT), Boulevard Brown 2915, U9120ACD, Puerto Madryn, Argentina.
| | - M Candela González
- Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco (UNPSJB), Puerto Madryn, Argentina
| | - M Belén Vallejos
- Laboratorio de Microbiología y Biotecnología, Instituto Patagónico para el Estudio de los Ecosistemas Continentales (IPEEC-CONICET, CCT CONICET-CENPAT), Boulevard Brown 2915, U9120ACD, Puerto Madryn, Argentina
| | - Cristian G Barrionuevo
- Laboratorio de Microbiología y Biotecnología, Instituto Patagónico para el Estudio de los Ecosistemas Continentales (IPEEC-CONICET, CCT CONICET-CENPAT), Boulevard Brown 2915, U9120ACD, Puerto Madryn, Argentina
| | - Nelda L Olivera
- Laboratorio de Microbiología y Biotecnología, Instituto Patagónico para el Estudio de los Ecosistemas Continentales (IPEEC-CONICET, CCT CONICET-CENPAT), Boulevard Brown 2915, U9120ACD, Puerto Madryn, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Pérez-Valdespino A, Pircher R, Pérez-Domínguez CY, Mendoza-Sanchez I. Impact of flooding on urban soils: Changes in antibiotic resistance and bacterial community after Hurricane Harvey. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 766:142643. [PMID: 33077230 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Major perturbations in soil and water quality are factors that can negatively impact human health. In soil environments of urban areas, changes in antibiotic-resistance profiles may represent an increased risk of exposure to antibiotic-resistant bacteria via oral, dermal, or inhalation routes. We studied the perturbation of antibiotic-resistance profiles and microbial communities in soils following a major flooding event in Houston, Texas, caused by Hurricane Harvey. The main objective of this study was to examine the presence of targeted antibiotic-resistance genes and changes in the diversity of microbial communities in soils a short time (3-5 months) and a long time (18 months) after the catastrophic flooding event. Using polymerase chain reaction, we surveyed fourteen antibiotic-resistance elements: intI1, intI2, sul1, sul2, tet(A) to (E), tet(M), tet(O), tet(W), tet(X), and blaCMY-2. The number of antibiotic-resistance genes detected were higher in short-time samples compared to samples taken a long time after flooding. From all the genes surveyed, only tet(E), blaCMY-2, and intI1 were prevalent in short-time samples but not observed in long-time samples; thus, we propose these genes as indicators of exogenous antibiotic resistance in the soils. Sequencing of the V3-V4 region of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene was used to find that flooding may have affected bacterial community diversity, enhanced differences among bacterial lineages profiles, and affected the relative abundance of Actinobacteria, Verrucomicrobia, and Gemmatimonadetes. A major conclusion of this study is that antibiotic resistance profiles of soil bacteria are impacted by urban flooding events such that they may pose an enhanced risk of exposure for up to three to five months following the hurricane. The occurrence of targeted antibiotic-resistance elements decreased eighteen months after the hurricane indicating a reduction of the risk of exposure long time after Harvey.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Pérez-Valdespino
- Department of Biochemistry, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ryan Pircher
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, United States of America
| | - Citlali Y Pérez-Domínguez
- Department of Biochemistry, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Itza Mendoza-Sanchez
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, United States of America.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Knisz J, Shetty P, Wirth R, Maróti G, Karches T, Dalkó I, Bálint M, Vadkerti E, Bíró T. Genome-level insights into the operation of an on-site biological wastewater treatment unit reveal the importance of storage time. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 766:144425. [PMID: 33418265 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
On-site wastewater treatment systems are gaining popularity in areas where centralized wastewater treatment is not available. In the current case study a domestic activated sludge system was investigated, where treated effluent was stored in a short-term (1 week turn-over time) and a long-term (over 2-3 months) storage tank and was then used for irrigation. This design provided a unique opportunity to assess the chemical and microbial changes of the effluent upon storage. Long-term storage greatly improved both the chemical quality and the degradation efficiency of most organic micropollutants examined, including petroleum hydrocarbons and the pesticide diethyltoluamide. Taxonomic profile of the core microbiome of the effluent was also influenced upon storage. Relative abundance values of the members of Azoarcus and Thauera genera, which are important in degrading polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons compounds, clearly indicated the biodegrading activity of these microbes across samples. The abundance of xenobiotics degradation functions correlated with the observed organic micropollutant degradation values indicating efficient microbial decomposition of these contaminants. Functions related to infectious diseases also had the highest abundance in the short-term storage tank corresponding well with the relative abundance of indicator organisms and implying to the significance of storage time in the elimination of pathogens. Based on these results, small, on-site wastewater treatment systems could benefit from long-term storage of wastewater effluent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Knisz
- Faculty of Water Sciences, National University of Public Service, Bajcsy-Zsilinszky u. 12-14., 6500 Baja, Hungary
| | - P Shetty
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Center, Temesvári krt. 62, 6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - R Wirth
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Center, Temesvári krt. 62, 6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - G Maróti
- Faculty of Water Sciences, National University of Public Service, Bajcsy-Zsilinszky u. 12-14., 6500 Baja, Hungary; Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Center, Temesvári krt. 62, 6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - T Karches
- Faculty of Water Sciences, National University of Public Service, Bajcsy-Zsilinszky u. 12-14., 6500 Baja, Hungary
| | - I Dalkó
- Faculty of Water Sciences, National University of Public Service, Bajcsy-Zsilinszky u. 12-14., 6500 Baja, Hungary
| | - M Bálint
- Bálint Analitika Ltd, Fehérvári út 144, 1116 Budapest, Hungary
| | - E Vadkerti
- Faculty of Water Sciences, National University of Public Service, Bajcsy-Zsilinszky u. 12-14., 6500 Baja, Hungary
| | - T Bíró
- Faculty of Water Sciences, National University of Public Service, Bajcsy-Zsilinszky u. 12-14., 6500 Baja, Hungary.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Enhancing a Transition to a Circular Economy in the Water Sector: The EU Project WIDER UPTAKE. WATER 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/w13070946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) require an urgent transition from a linear to a circular economy operation/design concept with a consequent resource recovery and more sustainable waste management. Natural resources have to be preserved, and wastes have to become an opportunity for recovering resources and materials (water reuse, energy, sludge reuse). However, the transition toward a circular economy is a complex and long process due to the existence of technical, economic, social and regulatory barriers. These existing barriers are critical challenges for a modern and sustainable WWTP concept. The recovery of resources must be considered a strategic target from the earliest process-design phase. In this context, the European Union’s Horizon 2020 project “Achieving wider uptake of water-smart solutions—WIDER UPTAKE” aims to overcome the existing barriers (technological, regulatory, organizational, social and economic) toward the transition from a linear to a circular economy model for WWTPs. This study is aimed at increasing the awareness of the existing barriers to a circular economy and summarizes the key contributions of the WIDER UPTAKE project in terms of water reuse, sludge reuse and nutrient recovery.
Collapse
|
40
|
Zhang Z, Feng S, Luo J, Hao B, Diao F, Li X, Jia B, Wang L, Bao Z, Guo W. Evaluation of Microbial Assemblages in Various Saline-Alkaline Soils Driven by Soluble Salt Ion Components. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:3390-3400. [PMID: 33703896 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c00210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Land degraded by salinization and alkalization is widely distributed globally and involves a wide range of ecosystem types. However, the knowledge of the indigenous microbial assemblages and their roles in various saline-alkaline soils is limited. This study demonstrated microbial assemblages in various saline-alkaline soils from different regions of Inner Mongolia and revealed the key driving factors to influence microbiome. The correlation network analysis indicates the difference in adaptability of bacterial and fungal communities under stimulation by saline-alkaline stress: fungal community shows higher tolerance, stability, and resilience to various saline-alkaline soils than a bacterial community. The keystone bacteria and fungi that have potential adaptability to various saline-alkaline environments are further identified, and they may confer benefits in restoring saline-alkaline soils by their own effects or assisting plants. For salt-rich soils in different regions, the soluble salt ion components are the major determinant to drive microbial assemblages of different saline-alkaline soils, rather than salinity. Thus, these saline-alkaline soils are clustered into sulfated, chlorinated, and soda-type saline-alkaline soils. Multivariate analysis reveals unique, dominant, and common microbial taxa in three saline-alkaline soils. This result of the conceptual mode indicates that potential roles of unique and dominant microbial taxa on regulating saline-alkaline functions are more vital.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhechao Zhang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Waste Resource Recycle, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Shicheng Feng
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Waste Resource Recycle, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Junqing Luo
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Waste Resource Recycle, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Baihui Hao
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Waste Resource Recycle, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Fengwei Diao
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Waste Resource Recycle, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Xue Li
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Waste Resource Recycle, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Bingbing Jia
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Waste Resource Recycle, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Lixin Wang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Waste Resource Recycle, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Zhihua Bao
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Waste Resource Recycle, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Waste Resource Recycle, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Ofori S, Puškáčová A, Růžičková I, Wanner J. Treated wastewater reuse for irrigation: Pros and cons. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 760:144026. [PMID: 33341618 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The appropriateness of using treated wastewater for crop or agricultural irrigation remains a bone of contention among experts and policymakers. Here, we outline and analyze not only the benefits but also the drawbacks of such a practice in order to suggest a way forward. To ensure that our review reflects the state-of-the-art in terms of technological advances and best practices, only literature published in the last decade is considered except for literature on the history of reuse. The review begins by highlighting growing water scarcity, the history of wastewater reuse in agriculture, and the limitations of existing studies. A short overview of the approach used in the write-up is outlined after the introduction. It then proceeds with an in-depth look at three broad areas: environmental impacts, public health impacts, and economic impacts. In terms of environmental impacts, effects on soil quality, water resources, plant growth, and soil microbial communities are analyzed. For each sub-area, the positive effects are described before the negative ones. The same approach is then applied to public health impacts, the focus of which is on human exposure to heavy metals and pathogens, and economic impacts, which are assessed with particular reference to investment cost, financial benefit to wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), farm expenditure and income. Having weighed the advantages and disadvantages in each area, innovative measures are proposed for optimizing the benefits and mitigating the drawbacks of using treated wastewater for crop irrigation. Special consideration was given to contaminants of emerging concern and the known or perceived environmental and health risks associated with these contaminants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Solomon Ofori
- Department of Water Technology and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Environmental Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, 166 28 Praha 6 - Dejvice, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Adéla Puškáčová
- Department of Water Technology and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Environmental Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, 166 28 Praha 6 - Dejvice, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Iveta Růžičková
- Department of Water Technology and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Environmental Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, 166 28 Praha 6 - Dejvice, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Wanner
- Department of Water Technology and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Environmental Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, 166 28 Praha 6 - Dejvice, Prague, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Atamaleki A, Yazdanbakhsh A, Fakhri Y, Salem A, Ghorbanian M, Mousavi Khaneghah A. A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis to Investigate the Correlation Vegetable Irrigation with Wastewater and Concentration of Potentially Toxic Elements (PTES): a Case Study of Spinach (Spinacia oleracea) and Radish (Raphanus raphanistrum subsp. sativus). Biol Trace Elem Res 2021; 199:792-799. [PMID: 32474848 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02181-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Water shortage and stress around the world lead to the reuse of wastewater in many sectors while the recycling of water in agriculture as one of the most consumed sectors can boost the contamination of crops by potentially toxic elements (PTEs). Therefore, this study was aimed to investigate the correlation between the accumulation of PTEs (Fe, Zn, Cr, Ni, Cu, Pb, As, Cd, and Se) in edible parts of spinach and radish plants and sewage irrigation by the aid of a meta-analysis. Moreover, the non-carcinogenic risk (N-CR) and carcinogenic risk (CR) for health risk assessment of consumers were assessed through actual total target hazard quotient (TTHQact) and carcinogenic risk (CRact). After the screening process, 51 articles with 75 studies were included. According to findings, the rank order of PTEs in spinach and radish were Fe > Zn > Cr > Cu > Ni > Pb > Cd > As > Se and Fe > Zn > Cr > Ni > Cu > Pb > As > Cd > Se, respectively. PTE adsorption by edible parts of spinach (leafy vegetable) was higher than radish. The health risk assessment shows that residents in Iran, India, and China are at N-CR while the population of Iran, India, and Pakistan are facing CR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Atamaleki
- Student Research Committee, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmadreza Yazdanbakhsh
- Workplace Health Promotion Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Yadolah Fakhri
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Food Health Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
| | - Atieh Salem
- School of Public Health, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mahdi Ghorbanian
- School of Public Health, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Amin Mousavi Khaneghah
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-862, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Sorinolu AJ, Tyagi N, Kumar A, Munir M. Antibiotic resistance development and human health risks during wastewater reuse and biosolids application in agriculture. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 265:129032. [PMID: 33293048 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The reuse of treated wastewater (TWW) and sewage sludge are considered as solutions to the limited water resource and sludge disposal issues, respectively. The associated environmental and human health risks need to be analyzed to assess whether they are safe solutions or not. This paper discusses issues that relate to the accumulation of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance (AR) determinants in agricultural lands and crops, following TWW irrigation and biosolid amendment. Exposure assessment and dose-response assessment are the two important aspects of risk assessment discussed in this paper. Finally, research gaps in current knowledge that are relevant to a comprehensive and quantitative AR risk assessment were identified which includes: 1.) Studies on soil conditions that increase the frequency of horizontal gene transfer (HGT) between native soil resistome and pathogenic microbes in biosolids and TWW 2.) Holistic studies that examine the accumulation or dissipation of antibiotics, antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) from the irrigation/biosolids application stage to crop consumption stage 3.) The influences of soil environmental conditions (e.g. salinity, nutrients) on the fate of ARB and ARGs in soil and translocation in edible plants 4.) The development of dose-response models that explicitly incorporate the potential for ARGs transfer between microbes when quantifying the risks of infection due to ARB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adeola Julian Sorinolu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, 9201 University City Blvd., Charlotte, NC, 28223, United States
| | - Neha Tyagi
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110 016, India
| | - Arun Kumar
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110 016, India
| | - Mariya Munir
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, 9201 University City Blvd., Charlotte, NC, 28223, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Romanis CS, Pearson LA, Neilan BA. Cyanobacterial blooms in wastewater treatment facilities: Significance and emerging monitoring strategies. J Microbiol Methods 2020; 180:106123. [PMID: 33316292 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2020.106123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Municipal wastewater treatment facilities (WWTFs) are prone to the proliferation of cyanobacterial species which thrive in stable, nutrient-rich environments. Dense cyanobacterial blooms frequently disrupt treatment processes and the supply of recycled water due to their production of extracellular polymeric substances, which hinder microfiltration, and toxins, which pose a health risk to end-users. A variety of methods are employed by water utilities for the identification and monitoring of cyanobacteria and their toxins in WWTFs, including microscopy, flow cytometry, ELISA, chemoanalytical methods, and more recently, molecular methods. Here we review the literature on the occurrence and significance of cyanobacterial blooms in WWTFs and discuss the pros and cons of the various strategies for monitoring these potentially hazardous events. Particular focus is directed towards next-generation metagenomic sequencing technologies for the development of site-specific cyanobacterial bloom management strategies. Long-term multi-omic observations will enable the identification of indicator species and the development of site-specific bloom dynamics models for the mitigation and management of cyanobacterial blooms in WWTFs. While emerging metagenomic tools could potentially provide deep insight into the diversity and flux of problematic cyanobacterial species in these systems, they should be considered a complement to, rather than a replacement of, quantitative chemoanalytical approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin S Romanis
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Newcastle 2308, Australia
| | - Leanne A Pearson
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Newcastle 2308, Australia
| | - Brett A Neilan
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Newcastle 2308, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Valdez-Carrillo M, Abrell L, Ramírez-Hernández J, Reyes-López JA, Carreón-Diazconti C. Pharmaceuticals as emerging contaminants in the aquatic environment of Latin America: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:44863-44891. [PMID: 32986197 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10842-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical active compounds (PhACs) are environmentally ubiquitous around the world, and the countries of Latin America (LATAM) are not the exception; however there is still little knowledge of the magnitude and conditions of their occurrence in LATAM and of the environmental consequences of their presence. The present work reviews 79 documents published from 2007 to 2019 on the occurrence, concentrations, and sources of PhACs and hormones in surface water (SW), wastewater (WW), and treated wastewater (TWW) in LATAM and on the circumstances of their release to the environment. Research efforts are reported in only ten countries and confirm the presence of 159 PhACs, mainly analgesics and anti-inflammatories, although extraordinarily high concentrations of carbamazepine (830 μg/L) and ethinylestradiol (6.8 μg/L) were found in Ecuador and Brazil, respectively. The analysis of maximum concentrations and the ecotoxicological risk assessment corroborate that (1) these values exceed the environmental concentrations found in other parts of the world, (2) the environmental risk posed by these concentrations is remarkably high, and (3) there is no statistically significant difference between the maximum concentrations found in WW and those found in TWW. The main source of PhACs in LATAM's aquatic environment is WW; hence, these countries should direct substantial efforts to develop efficient and cost-effective treatment technologies and plan and apply WW management strategies and regulations. This analysis presents the current states of occurrence, concentrations, and sources of PhACs in the aquatic environment of LATAM and outlines the magnitude of the environmental problem in that part of the world.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Valdez-Carrillo
- Universidad Autonoma de Baja California, Instituto de Ingeniería, Calle de la Normal y Blvd. Benito Juarez s/n, Col. Insurgentes Sur, 21377, Mexicali, BC, Mexico
| | - Leif Abrell
- Arizona Laboratory for Emerging Contaminants, Departments of Soil, Water & Environmental Science and Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Arizona, 1040 E. 4th St., Room 606/611, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Jorge Ramírez-Hernández
- Universidad Autonoma de Baja California, Instituto de Ingeniería, Calle de la Normal y Blvd. Benito Juarez s/n, Col. Insurgentes Sur, 21377, Mexicali, BC, Mexico
| | - Jaime A Reyes-López
- Universidad Autonoma de Baja California, Instituto de Ingeniería, Calle de la Normal y Blvd. Benito Juarez s/n, Col. Insurgentes Sur, 21377, Mexicali, BC, Mexico
| | - Concepción Carreón-Diazconti
- Universidad Autonoma de Baja California, Instituto de Ingeniería, Calle de la Normal y Blvd. Benito Juarez s/n, Col. Insurgentes Sur, 21377, Mexicali, BC, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Landazuri CFG, Gomez JS, Raaijmakers JM, Oyserman BO. Restoring degraded microbiome function with self-assembled communities. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2020; 96:5956484. [PMID: 33150935 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiaa225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The natural microbial functions of many soils are severely degraded. Current state-of-the-art technology to restore these functions is through the isolation, screening, formulation and application of microbial inoculants and synthetic consortia. These approaches have inconsistent success, in part due to the incompatibility between the biofertilizer, crop, climate, existing soil microbiome and physicochemical characteristics of the soils. Here, we review the current state of the art in biofertilization and identify two key deficiencies in current strategies: the difficulty in designing complex multispecies biofertilizers and the bottleneck in scaling the production of complex multispecies biofertilizers. To address the challenge of producing scalable, multispecies biofertilizers, we propose to merge ecological theory with bioprocess engineering to produce 'self-assembled communities' enriched for particular functional guilds and adapted to a target soil and host plant. Using the nitrogen problem as an anchor, we review relevant ecology (microbial, plant and environmental), as well as reactor design strategies and operational parameters for the production of functionally enriched self-assembled communities. The use of self-assembled communities for biofertilization addresses two major hurdles in microbiome engineering: the importance of enriching microbes indigenous to (and targeted for) a specific environment and the recognized potential benefits of microbial consortia over isolates (e.g. functional redundancy). The proposed community enrichment model could also be instrumental for other microbial functions such as phosphorus solubilization, plant growth promotion or disease suppression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Fernando Gutierrez Landazuri
- Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Engineering School of Environmental and Natural Resources, Engineering Faculty, Universidad del Valle, 760032, Cali, Colombia
| | - Janeth Sanabria Gomez
- Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Engineering School of Environmental and Natural Resources, Engineering Faculty, Universidad del Valle, 760032, Cali, Colombia
| | - Jos M Raaijmakers
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Droevendaalsesteeg 10, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333 BE, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ben O Oyserman
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Droevendaalsesteeg 10, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Bioinformatics Group, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1,6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Xu X, Liu S, Zhu X, Guo X. Comparative Study on Soil Microbial Diversity and Structure Under Wastewater and Groundwater Irrigation Conditions. Curr Microbiol 2020; 77:3909-3918. [PMID: 32989486 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-020-02219-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Wastewater (WW) irrigation to agricultural soils is one of the most economical and effective water-saving strategies. The effects of WW irrigation on soil microbial communities have gained increasing focus as these effects are not well understood. In this study, the effects of WW and groundwater (GW) irrigation on microbial diversity and structure were compared using the high-throughput sequencing analysis of 16S rDNA amplicons. Soil samples irrigated by WW for several decades and maize soil (loamy) samples irrigated by GW were collected from Luancheng Town, Shijiazhuang City, China. Compared to the GW groups, WW groups exhibited non-significant soil bacterial community abundance at the 0-20 and 20-40 cm depths. WW irrigation significantly altered the bacterial community composition and structures compared to GW irrigation. The relative abundance of Proteobacteria and Firmicutes increased in WW irrigated soil, while Actinobacteria decreased. Moreover, 14 significantly abundant biomarkers from Proteobacteria and Firmicutes that corresponded with WW irrigation were identified. Additionally, WW irrigation enriched some KEGG pathways that corresponded with metabolism and human diseases. The physical and chemical properties of WW irrigated soil may shape the compositions and structures of soil bacterial communities. The findings of this study illuminated the effects of wastewater irrigation on microbial characteristics, which is important for estimating the effects of long-term wastewater irrigation on soil environmental health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotao Xu
- Institute of Resources and Environment, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, China.,Wuzhi Sub-Bureau of Jiaozuo City Ecological Environment Bureau, Wuzhi, China
| | - Sen Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xiwang Zhu
- Institute of Resources and Environment, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, China
| | - Xiaoming Guo
- Institute of Resources and Environment, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, China.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Mkhinini M, Helaoui S, Boughattas I, Amemou C, Banni M. Earthworm Eisenia andrei modulates oxidative stress in bean plants Vicia faba irrigated with treated wastewater. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2020; 29:1003-1016. [PMID: 32617728 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-020-02243-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
With respect to reducing the pressure on freshwater resources, treated wastewater (TWW) irrigation represents a sustainable alternative in agriculture. Due to their low quality and variable composition, TWW could entail harmful consequences for living organisms in terrestrial ecosystems. This study aims to evaluate how earthworm (Eisenia andrei) can modulate oxidative stress in bean plants (Vicia faba) that are irrigated over a course of 60 days with two doses of TWW (50 and 100%) in addition to a control condition (0%) irrigated with distilled water. This is achieved by measuring glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity and malondialdehyde accumulation (MDA) in plants. Furthermore, catalase (CAT), GST, MDA, and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities of the earthworms are also assessed. Our results show that growth and physiological parameters are modified when applying TWW irrigation. Moreover, oxidative stress apprehended by GST activity and MDA accumulation is exacerbated in V. faba plants after exposure to increased TWW doses. Similarly, TWW irrigation enhances oxidative stress parameters in earthworms with a crucial decrease in AChE activity. In addition, the presence of earthworms increases growth and physiological parameters; it also results in a significant reduction in GST activity and MDA rate in V. faba plants. Our results provide new insights into the impact of TWW irrigation on soil organisms and the importance of earthworms in the reduction of oxidative stress in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marouane Mkhinini
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Environmental Toxicology, Higher Institute of Agronomy Chott-Meriem, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Sondes Helaoui
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Environmental Toxicology, Higher Institute of Agronomy Chott-Meriem, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Iteb Boughattas
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Environmental Toxicology, Higher Institute of Agronomy Chott-Meriem, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia.
| | - Cyrine Amemou
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Environmental Toxicology, Higher Institute of Agronomy Chott-Meriem, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Mohammed Banni
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Environmental Toxicology, Higher Institute of Agronomy Chott-Meriem, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Soil Bacterial Diversity and Its Relationship with Soil CO 2 and Mineral Composition: A Case Study of the Laiwu Experimental Site. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17165699. [PMID: 32784524 PMCID: PMC7459831 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17165699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
To better understand the characteristics of soil bacterial diversity in different environments, the Laiwu Qilongwan experimental site was selected as it is of great significance for the study of geochemical cycles. The soil CO2, mineral composition and bacterial community were analyzed by an EGM-4 portable environmental gas detector, an X-ray diffractometer and 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing, and soil bacterial diversity and the relationship between soil bacterial diversity and environmental factors were studied. The results showed that with increasing soil depth, the CO2 content increased, the feldspar and amphibole contents increased, the quartz content decreased, the richness of the soil bacterial community increased, the relative richness of Nitrospirae increased, and Chloroflexi decreased. The dominant bacteria were Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Acidobacteria. There were slight differences in soil CO2, mineral composition and dominant bacterial flora at the same depth. Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria and Firmicutes were the dominant phyla of L02. The CO2 was lowest in bare land, and the quartz and K-feldspar contents were the highest. Soil CO2 mainly affected the deep bacterial diversity, while shallow soil bacteria were mainly affected by mineral components (quartz and K-feldspar). At the same depth, amphibole and clay minerals had obvious effects on the bacterial community, while CO2 had obvious effects on subdominant bacteria.
Collapse
|
50
|
Badza T, Tesfamariam EH, Cogger CG. Agricultural use suitability assessment and characterization of municipal liquid sludge: Based on South Africa survey. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 721:137658. [PMID: 32163733 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Sludge recycling as an agricultural resource has gained great attention worldwide. This is exacerbated by the ever-rising municipal wastewater production and the realization of its potential as a soil amendment resource. Sludge suitability assessment and characterization is crucial to prompt informed decisions regarding its use on agricultural lands. Liquid sludge samples were collected from eighteen wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) employing three different treatment processes in South Africa. Samples were analysed for physical and chemical parameters. Sludges' pH ranged from 4.5-9.5. Heavy metals concentrations were below the threshold level except for two waste activated sludge (WAS) which were downgraded to class B due to high Lead (Pb) content. Two anaerobically digested (AnD) sludges were downgraded to classes B and C because of high Pb and Cadmium (Cd) concentrations respectively. Electrical conductivity (EC) was above the 200 mS m-1 threshold in AnD and in one of aerobically digested (AeD) sludges whilst WAS had ≤100 mS m-1. Nitrogen (N): Phosphorus (P) ratios of the sludges were <8. Application of biosolids with low N:P ratio based on crop N requirements would lead to P pollution. Sustainable sludge application options were either to apply dry sludge based on crop N or P requirements and supplement the nutrient deficit with other fertilizer sources. The use of current liquid sludge as irrigation water to meet crop water needs and or applying dry sludge at 10 tons ha-1 options showed that such options are unsustainable and would add excess nutrients above crop need which would result in agroecosystems pollution. The study findings suggest that, supposedly these liquid sludges are used for irrigation, they should be diluted with fresh water or deficit irrigation should be implemented to limit nutrient load.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Badza
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Natural and Agricultural Sciences Building, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Pretoria 0028, South Africa.
| | - E H Tesfamariam
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Natural and Agricultural Sciences Building, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - C G Cogger
- (Emeritus) Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Puyallup, WA, USA
| |
Collapse
|