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Feng Y, Alam MS, Yan F, Frei M. Alteration of carbon and nitrogen allocation in winter wheat under elevated ozone. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 338:111924. [PMID: 37992899 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Tropospheric ozone accelerates senescence and shortens grain filling, consequently affecting the remobilization and allocation efficiency of aboveground biomass and nutrients into grains in cereal crops. This study investigated carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) concentrations repeatedly in shoot biomass during the growth period and in grain after the harvest in eighteen wheat genotypes under control and ozone treatments in open-top chambers. Season-long ozone fumigation was conducted at an average ozone concentration of 70 ppb with three additional acute ozone episodes of around 150 ppb. Although there were no significant differences in straw C and N concentrations between the two treatments, the straw C:N ratio was significantly increased after long-term ozone fumigation, and the grain C:N ratio decreased under elevated ozone without significance. Grain N concentrations increased significantly under ozone stress, whereas N yield declined significantly due to grain yield losses induced by ozone. Moreover, different indicators of N use efficiency were significantly reduced with the exception of N utilization efficiency (NUtE), indicating that elevated ozone exposure reduced the N absorption from soil and allocation from vegetative to reproductive organs. The linear regression between straw C:N ratio and productivity indicated that straw C:N was not a suitable trait for predicting wheat productivity due to the low coefficient of determination (R2). Nitrogen harvest index (NHI) was not significantly affected by ozone stress among all genotypes. However, elevated ozone concentration changed the relationship between harvest index (HI) and NHI, and the reduced regression slope between them indicated that ozone exposure significantly affected the relationship of N and biomass allocation into wheat grains. The cultivar "Jenga" showed optimal ozone tolerance due to less yield reduction and higher NUE after ozone exposure. The genotypes with higher nutrient use efficiencies are promising to cope with ozone-induced changes in nitrogen partitioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanru Feng
- Department of Agronomy and Crop Physiology, Institute of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35390 Giessen, Germany; Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), Crop Science, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Muhammad Shahedul Alam
- Department of Agronomy and Crop Physiology, Institute of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35390 Giessen, Germany
| | - Feng Yan
- Department of Agronomy and Crop Physiology, Institute of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35390 Giessen, Germany
| | - Michael Frei
- Department of Agronomy and Crop Physiology, Institute of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35390 Giessen, Germany.
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2
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Gupta A, Yadav DS, Agrawal SB, Agrawal M. Sensitivity of agricultural crops to tropospheric ozone: a review of Indian researches. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2022; 194:894. [PMID: 36242703 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10526-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Tropospheric ozone (O3) is a long-range transboundary secondary air pollutant, causing significant damage to agricultural crops worldwide. There are substantial spatial variations in O3 concentration in different areas of India due to seasonal and geographical variations. The Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP) region is one of the most crop productive and air-polluted regions in India. The concentration of tropospheric O3 over the IGP is increasing by 6-7.2% per decade. The annual trend of increase is 0.4 ± 0.25% year-1 over the Northeastern IGP. High O3 concentrations were reported during the summer, while they were at their minimum during the monsoon months. To explore future potential impacts of O3 on major crop plants, the responses of different crops grown under ambient and elevated O3 concentrations were compared. The studies clearly showed that O3 is an important stress factor, negatively affecting the yield of crops. In this review, we have discussed yield losses in agricultural crops due to rising O3 pollution and variations in O3 sensitivity among cultivars and species. The use of ethylene diurea (EDU) as a research tool in assessing the losses in yield under ambient and elevated O3 levels also discussed. Besides, an overview of interactive effects of O3 and nitrogen on crop productivity has been included. Several recommendations are made for future research and policy development on rising concentration of O3 in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akanksha Gupta
- Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Durgesh Singh Yadav
- Department of Botany, Government Raza P.G. College, Rampur, U.P. 244901, India
| | - Shashi Bhushan Agrawal
- Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Madhoolika Agrawal
- Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India.
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3
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Sales CRG, Molero G, Evans JR, Taylor SH, Joynson R, Furbank RT, Hall A, Carmo-Silva E. Phenotypic variation in photosynthetic traits in wheat grown under field versus glasshouse conditions. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:3221-3237. [PMID: 35271722 PMCID: PMC9126738 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Recognition of the untapped potential of photosynthesis to improve crop yields has spurred research to identify targets for breeding. The CO2-fixing enzyme Rubisco is characterized by a number of inefficiencies, and frequently limits carbon assimilation at the top of the canopy, representing a clear target for wheat improvement. Two bread wheat lines with similar genetic backgrounds and contrasting in vivo maximum carboxylation activity of Rubisco per unit leaf nitrogen (Vc,max,25/Narea) determined using high-throughput phenotyping methods were selected for detailed study from a panel of 80 spring wheat lines. Detailed phenotyping of photosynthetic traits in the two lines using glasshouse-grown plants showed no difference in Vc,max,25/Narea determined directly via in vivo and in vitro methods. Detailed phenotyping of glasshouse-grown plants of the 80 wheat lines also showed no correlation between photosynthetic traits measured via high-throughput phenotyping of field-grown plants. Our findings suggest that the complex interplay between traits determining crop productivity and the dynamic environments experienced by field-grown plants needs to be considered in designing strategies for effective wheat crop yield improvement when breeding for particular environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina R G Sales
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Library Avenue, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK
- Correspondence: or
| | - Gemma Molero
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), Int. Apdo. Postal 6-641, 06600 Mexico, DF, Mexico
- KWS Momont Recherche, 7 rue de Martinval, 59246 Mons-en-Pévèle, France
| | - John R Evans
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Samuel H Taylor
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Library Avenue, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Ryan Joynson
- Organisms and Ecosystems, Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UG, UK
- Limagrain Europe, CS 3911, 63720 Chappes, France
| | - Robert T Furbank
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Anthony Hall
- Organisms and Ecosystems, Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UG, UK
| | - Elizabete Carmo-Silva
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Library Avenue, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK
- Correspondence: or
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4
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Boublin F, Cabassa-Hourton C, Leymarie J, Leitao L. Potential involvement of proline and flavonols in plant responses to ozone. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 207:112214. [PMID: 34662576 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Ozone is considered to be a major phytotoxic pollutant. It is an oxidizing molecule with harmful effects that can affect human health and vegetation. Due to its phytotoxicity, it constitutes a threat to food security in a context of climate change. Proline accumulation is induced in response to numerous stresses and is assumed to be involved in plant antioxidant defense. We therefore addressed the question of the putative involvement of proline in plant ozone responses by analyzing the responses of two Arabidopsis mutants (obtained in the Col-0 genetic background) altered in proline metabolism and different ecotypes with various degrees of ozone sensitivity, to controlled ozone treatments. Among the mutants, the p5cs1 mutant plants accumulated less proline than the double prodh1xprodh2 (p1p2) mutants. Ozone treatments did not induce accumulation of proline in Col-0 nor in the mutant plants. However, the variation of the photosynthetic parameter Fv/Fm in the p1p2 mutant suggests a positive effect of proline. Proline accumulation induced by ozone was only observed in the most ozone-sensitive ecotypes, Cvi-0 and Ler. Contrary to our expectations, proline accumulation could not be correlated with variations in protein oxidation (carbonylation). On the other hand, flavonols content, measured here, using non-destructive methods, reflected exactly the genotypes ranking according to ozone sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Boublin
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de L'Environnement de Paris, IEES-Paris, F-94010, Creteil, France
| | - Cécile Cabassa-Hourton
- Sorbonne Université, UPEC, CNRS, IRD, INRA, Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de L'Environnement de Paris, IEES, Paris, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Juliette Leymarie
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de L'Environnement de Paris, IEES-Paris, F-94010, Creteil, France.
| | - Luis Leitao
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de L'Environnement de Paris, IEES-Paris, F-94010, Creteil, France
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Mina U, Kandpal A, Bhatia A, Ghude S, Bisht DS, Kumar P. Wheat Cultivar Growth, Biochemical, Physiological and Yield Attributes Response to Combined Exposure to Tropospheric Ozone, Particulate Matter Deposition and Ascorbic Acid Application. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2021; 107:938-945. [PMID: 34519835 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-021-03373-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In the present study wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivar HD 2967 was exposed to ambient and elevated levels of O3 and PM deposition, with and without exogenous application of ascorbic acid (AA). Cultivar HD 2967 exposed to eight treatments in free air O3 enrichment facility and the assessed results showed that wheat cultivar, growth, biochemical, physiological and yield attributes were variably but adversely affected by combined exposure to O3 and PM deposition. PM deposition clogged stomata and enhanced leaf temperature. However, plants exposed to O3 and PM deposition and treated with AA exhibited less reduction in yield as compared to plants exposed to O3 and PM deposition without AA treatment. The decline in grain yield of HD 2967 due to combined exposure of O3 and PM deposition were in the range of 4%-17%. AA spray partially mitigated ozone and PM deposition adverse impact and enhanced wheat yield by 16%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usha Mina
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India.
- Centre for Environmental Science and Climate Resilient Agriculture, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India.
| | - Anjali Kandpal
- Centre for Environmental Science and Climate Resilient Agriculture, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Arti Bhatia
- Centre for Environmental Science and Climate Resilient Agriculture, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Sachin Ghude
- Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - D S Bisht
- Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology (Delhi Branch), New Delhi, India
| | - Pramod Kumar
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
- Sri Aurobindo College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
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Kask K, Kaurilind E, Talts E, Kännaste A, Niinemets Ü. Combined Acute Ozone and Water Stress Alters the Quantitative Relationships between O 3 Uptake, Photosynthetic Characteristics and Volatile Emissions in Brassica nigra. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26113114. [PMID: 34070994 PMCID: PMC8197083 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ozone (O3) entry into plant leaves depends on atmospheric O3 concentration, exposure time and openness of stomata. O3 negatively impacts photosynthesis rate (A) and might induce the release of reactive volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that can quench O3, and thereby partly ameliorate O3 stress. Water stress reduces stomatal conductance (gs) and O3 uptake and can affect VOC release and O3 quenching by VOC, but the interactive effects of O3 exposure and water stress, as possibly mediated by VOC, are poorly understood. Well-watered (WW) and water-stressed (WS) Brassica nigra plants were exposed to 250 and 550 ppb O3 for 1 h, and O3 uptake rates, photosynthetic characteristics and VOC emissions were measured through 22 h recovery. The highest O3 uptake was observed in WW plants exposed to 550 ppb O3 with the greatest reduction and poorest recovery of gs and A, and elicitation of lipoxygenase (LOX) pathway volatiles 10 min-1.5 h after exposure indicating cellular damage. Ozone uptake was similar in 250 ppb WW and 550 ppb WS plants and, in both treatments, O3-dependent reduction in photosynthetic characteristics was moderate and fully reversible, and VOC emissions were little affected. Water stress alone did not affect the total amount and composition of VOC emissions. The results indicate that drought ameliorated O3 stress by reducing O3 uptake through stomatal closure and the two stresses operated in an antagonistic manner in B. nigra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaia Kask
- Chair of Crop Science and Plant Biology, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, 51006 Tartu, Estonia; (E.K.); (E.T.); (A.K.); (Ü.N.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Eve Kaurilind
- Chair of Crop Science and Plant Biology, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, 51006 Tartu, Estonia; (E.K.); (E.T.); (A.K.); (Ü.N.)
| | - Eero Talts
- Chair of Crop Science and Plant Biology, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, 51006 Tartu, Estonia; (E.K.); (E.T.); (A.K.); (Ü.N.)
| | - Astrid Kännaste
- Chair of Crop Science and Plant Biology, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, 51006 Tartu, Estonia; (E.K.); (E.T.); (A.K.); (Ü.N.)
| | - Ülo Niinemets
- Chair of Crop Science and Plant Biology, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, 51006 Tartu, Estonia; (E.K.); (E.T.); (A.K.); (Ü.N.)
- Estonian Academy of Sciences, Kohtu 6, 10130 Tallinn, Estonia
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7
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Kinose Y, Fukamachi Y, Okabe S, Hiroshima H, Watanabe M, Izuta T. Toward an impact assessment of ozone on plant carbon fixation using a process-based plant growth model: A case study of Fagus crenata grown under different soil nutrient levels. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 716:137008. [PMID: 32059294 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Ozone (O3) in the troposphere, an air pollutant with phytotoxicity, is considered as a driver of global warming, because it reduces plant carbon fixation. Recently, a process-based plant growth model has been used in evaluating the O3 impacts on plants (Schauberger et al., 2019). To make the evaluation more rigorous, we developed a plant growth model and clarified the key factors driving O3-induced change in the whole-plant carbon fixation amount (Cfix). Fagus crenata seedlings were exposed to three O3 levels (charcoal-filtered air or 1.0- or 1.5-folds ambient [O3]) with three soil fertilization levels (non-, low-, or high-fertilized), i.e., a total of nine treatments. The Cfix was reduced in non- and low-fertilized treatments but was unaffected in high-fertilized treatment by O3 fumigation. Our plant growth model could simulate Cfix accurately (<10% error) by considering the impacts of O3 on plant leaf area and photosynthetic capacities, including maximum velocities of carboxylation and electron transport (Vcmax and Jmax, respectively), and the initial slope and convexity of the curve of the electron transport velocity response to photosynthetic photon flux density (φ and θ, respectively). Furthermore, the model revealed that changes in Vcmax and Jmax, φ and θ, or leaf area, caused by 1.5-folds the ambient [O3] fumigation resulted in the following Cfix changes: -1.6, -5.8, or -16.4% in non-fertilized seedlings, -4.1, -4.4, or -9.3% in low-fertilized seedlings, and -4.6, -7.6, or +5.8% in high-fertilized seedlings. Therefore, photosynthetic capacities (particularly φ and θ) and leaf area are important factors influencing the impact of O3 on Cfix of F. crenata seedlings grown under various fertilization levels. Further, the impacts of O3 and soil nutrient on these photosynthetic capacities and plant leaf area should be considered to predict O3-induced changes in carbon fixation by forest tree species using the process-based plant growth model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiyuki Kinose
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Fukamachi
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Shigeaki Okabe
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Hiroka Hiroshima
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Makoto Watanabe
- Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Takeshi Izuta
- Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan.
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8
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Ghosh A, Agrawal M, Agrawal SB. Effect of water deficit stress on an Indian wheat cultivar (Triticum aestivum L. HD 2967) under ambient and elevated level of ozone. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 714:136837. [PMID: 32018978 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The response of a wheat cultivar (HD 2967) under the combination of elevated ozone (O3) and water deficit stress (WS) was evaluated in terms of morphological, physiological and yield parameters along with nutrient uptake and their redistribution to different plant parts. An open-top chamber experiment has been conducted under O3 exposures (ambient (A) and ambient +20 ppb O3 (E)) along with two different water regimes (well-watered; WW and water deficit with 50% of soil capacity; WS). Most of the growth parameters showed significant reductions due to elevated O3 under both WW and WS conditions. Stomatal conductance and assimilation rate reduced significantly under the combined stress as compared to their controls (AWW). The maximum decrease in grain yield was observed under the additive effect of both the stresses of water deficit and elevated O3 (-43.6%), followed by water deficit stress (-19.8%) and elevated O3 (-17.9%) as compared to the control (AWW). Furthermore, the study displayed that reduced water availability has checked the uptake of nutrients in the roots, shoot and leaves, while, a higher carbon accumulation has been observed with subsequent increases in C: N and C: K ratios in the leaves. Such limitation of nutrients uptake and photosynthates availability weakened the antioxidative defense system of the test cultivar, making it more sensitive against combined stresses. Besides, the study displayed that the defense system has been remarkably suppressed under the presence of interactive stress factors, which allowed us to predict that the distribution of limited carbon pool has inverse relationship between the plant's defense system and growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annesha Ghosh
- Laboratory of Air Pollution and Global Climate Change, Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Madhoolika Agrawal
- Laboratory of Air Pollution and Global Climate Change, Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Shashi Bhushan Agrawal
- Laboratory of Air Pollution and Global Climate Change, Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India..
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Furbank RT, Sharwood R, Estavillo GM, Silva-Perez V, Condon AG. Photons to food: genetic improvement of cereal crop photosynthesis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:2226-2238. [PMID: 32083680 PMCID: PMC7135014 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthesis has become a major trait of interest for cereal yield improvement as breeders appear to have reached the theoretical genetic limit for harvest index, the mass of grain as a proportion of crop biomass. Yield improvements afforded by the adoption of green revolution dwarfing genes to wheat and rice are becoming exhausted, and improvements in biomass and radiation use efficiency are now sought in these crops. Exploring genetic diversity in photosynthesis is now possible using high-throughput techniques, and low-cost genotyping facilitates discovery of the genetic architecture underlying this variation. Photosynthetic traits have been shown to be highly heritable, and significant variation is present for these traits in available germplasm. This offers hope that breeding for improved photosynthesis and radiation use efficiency in cereal crops is tractable and a useful shorter term adjunct to genetic and genome engineering to boost yield potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert T Furbank
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Robert Sharwood
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
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10
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Silva-Pérez V, De Faveri J, Molero G, Deery DM, Condon AG, Reynolds MP, Evans JR, Furbank RT. Genetic variation for photosynthetic capacity and efficiency in spring wheat. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:2299-2311. [PMID: 31565736 PMCID: PMC7134913 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
One way to increase yield potential in wheat is screening for natural variation in photosynthesis. This study uses measured and modelled physiological parameters to explore genotypic diversity in photosynthetic capacity (Pc, Rubisco carboxylation capacity per unit leaf area at 25 °C) and efficiency (Peff, Pc per unit of leaf nitrogen) in wheat in relation to fertilizer, plant stage, and environment. Four experiments (Aus1, Aus2, Aus3, and Mex1) were carried out with diverse wheat collections to investigate genetic variation for Rubisco capacity (Vcmax25), electron transport rate (J), CO2 assimilation rate, stomatal conductance, and complementary plant functional traits: leaf nitrogen, leaf dry mass per unit area, and SPAD. Genotypes for Aus1 and Aus2 were grown in the glasshouse with two fertilizer levels. Genotypes for Aus3 and Mex1 experiments were grown in the field in Australia and Mexico, respectively. Results showed that Vcmax25 derived from gas exchange measurements is a robust parameter that does not depend on stomatal conductance and was positively correlated with Rubisco content measured in vitro. There was significant genotypic variation in most of the experiments for Pc and Peff. Heritability of Pc reached 0.7 and 0.9 for SPAD. Genotypic variation and heritability of traits show that there is scope for these traits to be used in pre-breeding programmes to improve photosynthesis with the ultimate objective of raising yield potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viridiana Silva-Pérez
- CSIRO Agriculture & Food, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Research School of Biology. The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | | | - Gemma Molero
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), México, DF, Mexico
| | | | - Anthony G Condon
- CSIRO Agriculture & Food, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Research School of Biology. The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Matthew P Reynolds
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), México, DF, Mexico
| | - John R Evans
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Research School of Biology. The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Robert T Furbank
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Research School of Biology. The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Agriculture Victoria, Horsham, VIC, Australia
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11
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Peng J, Shang B, Xu Y, Feng Z, Calatayud V. Effects of ozone on maize (Zea mays L.) photosynthetic physiology, biomass and yield components based on exposure- and flux-response relationships. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 256:113466. [PMID: 31679879 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Since the Industrial Revolution, the global ambient O3 concentration has more than doubled. Negative impact of O3 on some common crops such as wheat and soybeans has been widely recognized, but there is relatively little information about maize, the typical C4 plant and third most important crop worldwide. To partly compensate this knowledge gap, the maize cultivar (Zhengdan 958, ZD958) with maximum planting area in China was exposed to a range of chronic ozone (O3) exposures in open top chambers (OTCs). The O3 effects on this highly important crop were estimated in relation to two O3 metrics, AOT40 (accumulated hourly O3 concentration over a threshold of 40 ppb during daylight hours) and POD6 (Phytotoxic O3 Dose above a threshold flux of 6 nmol O3 m-2 s-1 during a specified period). We found that (1) the reduced light-saturated net photosynthetic rate (Asat) mainly caused by non-stomatal limitations across heading and grain filling stages, but the stomatal limitations at the former stage were stronger than those at the latter stage; (2) impact of O3 on water use efficiency (WUE) of maize was significantly dependent on developmental stage; (3) yield loss induced by O3 was mainly due to a reduction in kernels weight rather than in the number of kernels; (4) the performance of AOT40 and POD6 was similar, according to their determination coefficients (R2); (5) the order of O3 sensitivity among different parameters was photosynthetic parameters > biomass parameters > yield-related parameters; (6) Responses of Asat to O3 between heading and gran filling stages were significantly different based on AOT40 metric, but not POD6. The proposed O3 metrics-response relationships will be valuable for O3 risk assessment in Asia and also for crop productivity models including the influence of O3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlong Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing Road 18, Haidian District, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Bo Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing Road 18, Haidian District, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yansen Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing Road 18, Haidian District, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhaozhong Feng
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Institute of Ecology, Key Laboratory of Agrometeorology of Jiangsu Province, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China.
| | - Vicent Calatayud
- Fundación CEAM, c/ Charles R. Darwin 14, Parque Tecnológico, 46980, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
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Peng J, Shang B, Xu Y, Feng Z, Pleijel H, Calatayud V. Ozone exposure- and flux-yield response relationships for maize. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 252:1-7. [PMID: 31146222 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.05.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A stomatal ozone (O3) flux-response relationship for relative yield of maize was established by parameterizing a Jarvis stomatal conductance model. For the function (fVPD) describing the limitation of stomatal conductance by vapor pressure deficit (VPD, kPa), cumulative VPD during daylight hours was superior to hourly VPD. The latter function is proposed as a methodological improvement of this multiplicative model when stomatal conductance peaks during the morning and it is reduced later as it is the case of maize in this experiment. The model agreed relatively well with the measured stomatal conductance (R2 = 0.63). Based on the comparison of R2 values of the response functions, POD6 (Phytotoxic Ozone Dose over an hourly threshold 6 nmol m-2 s-1) and AOT40 (accumulated hourly O3 concentrations over a threshold of 40 ppb) performed similarly. The critical levels based on POD6 and AOT40 for 5% reduction in maize yield were 1.17 mmol m-2 PLA and 8.70 ppm h, respectively. In comparison with other important crops, the ranking of sensitivity of maize strongly differed depending on the O3 metric used, AOT40 or POD6. The newly proposed response functions are relevant for O3 risk assessment for this crop in Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlong Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing Road 18, Haidian District, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Bo Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing Road 18, Haidian District, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yansen Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing Road 18, Haidian District, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhaozhong Feng
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Institute of Ecology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China.
| | - Håkan Pleijel
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 461, S-405 30, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Vicent Calatayud
- Fundación CEAM, c/ Charles R. Darwin 14, Parque Tecnológico, 46980, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
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Agathokleous E, Belz RG, Calatayud V, De Marco A, Hoshika Y, Kitao M, Saitanis CJ, Sicard P, Paoletti E, Calabrese EJ. Predicting the effect of ozone on vegetation via linear non-threshold (LNT), threshold and hormetic dose-response models. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 649:61-74. [PMID: 30172135 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The nature of the dose-response relationship in the low dose zone and how this concept may be used by regulatory agencies for science-based policy guidance and risk assessment practices are addressed here by using the effects of surface ozone (O3) on plants as a key example for dynamic ecosystems sustainability. This paper evaluates the current use of the linear non-threshold (LNT) dose-response model for O3. The LNT model has been typically applied in limited field studies which measured damage from high exposures, and used to estimate responses to lower concentrations. This risk assessment strategy ignores the possibility of biological acclimation to low doses of stressor agents. The upregulation of adaptive responses by low O3 concentrations typically yields pleiotropic responses, with some induced endpoints displaying hormetic-like biphasic dose-response relationships. Such observations recognize the need for risk assessment flexibility depending upon the endpoints measured, background responses, as well as possible dose-time compensatory responses. Regulatory modeling strategies would be significantly improved by the adoption of the hormetic dose response as a formal/routine risk assessment option based on its substantial support within the literature, capacity to describe the entire dose-response continuum, documented explanatory dose-dependent mechanisms, and flexibility to default to a threshold feature when background responses preclude application of biphasic dose responses. CAPSULE The processes of ozone hazard and risk assessment can be enhanced by incorporating hormesis into their principles and practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenios Agathokleous
- Hokkaido Research Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute (FFPRI), Forest Research and Management Organization, 7 Hitsujigaoka, Sapporo, Hokkaido 062-8516, Japan; Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita 9 Nishi 9, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan.
| | - Regina G Belz
- University of Hohenheim, Agroecology Unit, Hans-Ruthenberg Institute, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Vicent Calatayud
- Instituto Universitario CEAM-UMH, Charles R. Darwin 14, Parc Tecnològic, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Alessandra De Marco
- Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and the Environment (ENEA), C.R. Casaccia, S. Maria di Galeria, Rome 00123, Italy.
| | - Yasutomo Hoshika
- National Council of Research, Via Madonna del Piano 10, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence 50019, Italy.
| | - Mitsutoshi Kitao
- Hokkaido Research Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute (FFPRI), Forest Research and Management Organization, 7 Hitsujigaoka, Sapporo, Hokkaido 062-8516, Japan.
| | - Costas J Saitanis
- Lab of Ecology and Environmental Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, Athens 11855, Greece.
| | - Pierre Sicard
- ARGANS, 260 route du Pin Montard, BP 234, Sophia Antipolis Cedex 06904, France.
| | - Elena Paoletti
- National Council of Research, Via Madonna del Piano 10, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence 50019, Italy.
| | - Edward J Calabrese
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Morrill I, N344, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
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