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Kazemi Z, Kazemi Z, Jafari AJ, Farzadkia M, Hosseini J, Amini P, Shahsavani A, Kermani M. Estimating the health impacts of exposure to Air pollutants and the evaluation of changes in their concentration using a linear model in Iran. Toxicol Rep 2024; 12:56-64. [PMID: 38261924 PMCID: PMC10797144 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2023.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
In big and industrial cities of developing countries, illness and mortality from long-term exposure to air pollutants have become a serious issue. This research was carried out in 2019-2020 to estimate the health impacts of PM10, NO2 and O3 pollutants by using AirQ+ and R statistical programming software in Arak, Isfahan, Tabriz, Shiraz, Karaj, and Mashhad. Mortality statistics, number of people in required age groups, and amount of pollutants were gathered respectively from different agencies like Statistics and Information Technology of the Ministry of Health, Statistical Center, and Department of Environment and by using Excel, the average 24-hour and 1-hour concentration and maximum 8-hour concentration for PM10, NO2 and O3 pollutants were gathered. We used linear mixed impacts model to account for the longitudinal observations and heterogeneity of the cities. The results of the study showed high number of deaths due to chronic bronchitis in adults, premature death of infants, and respiratory diseases in Mashhad. This research highlights the importance of estimation of health impacts from exposure to air pollutants on residents of the studied cities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Kazemi
- Research Center of Environmental Health Technology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zohre Kazemi
- Research Center of Environmental Health Technology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Jonidi Jafari
- Research Center of Environmental Health Technology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Farzadkia
- Research Center of Environmental Health Technology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Hosseini
- Department of Biostatistics,School of Public Health,Hamadan University of Medical Sciences,Hamadan,Iran
| | - Payam Amini
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Shahsavani
- Air Quality and Climate Change Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Kermani
- Research Center of Environmental Health Technology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Ahmed C, Greve HJ, Garza-Lombo C, Malley JA, Johnson JA, Oblak AL, Block ML. Peripheral HMGB1 is linked to O 3 pathology of disease-associated astrocytes and amyloid. Alzheimers Dement 2024. [PMID: 38624088 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ozone (O3) is an air pollutant associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk. The lung-brain axis is implicated in O3-associated glial and amyloid pathobiology; however, the role of disease-associated astrocytes (DAAs) in this process remains unknown. METHODS The O3-induced astrocyte phenotype was characterized in 5xFAD mice by spatial transcriptomics and proteomics. Hmgb1fl/fl LysM-Cre+ mice were used to assess the role of peripheral myeloid cell high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1). RESULTS O3 increased astrocyte and plaque numbers, impeded the astrocyte proteomic response to plaque deposition, augmented the DAA transcriptional fingerprint, increased astrocyte-microglia contact, and reduced bronchoalveolar lavage immune cell HMGB1 expression in 5xFAD mice. O3-exposed Hmgb1fl/fl LysM-Cre+ mice exhibited dysregulated DAA mRNA markers. DISCUSSION Astrocytes and peripheral myeloid cells are critical lung-brain axis interactors. HMGB1 loss in peripheral myeloid cells regulates the O3-induced DAA phenotype. These findings demonstrate a mechanism and potential intervention target for air pollution-induced AD pathobiology. HIGHLIGHTS Astrocytes are part of the lung-brain axis, regulating how air pollution affects plaque pathology. Ozone (O3) astrocyte effects are associated with increased plaques and modified by plaque localization. O3 uniquely disrupts the astrocyte transcriptomic and proteomic disease-associated astrocyte (DAA) phenotype in plaque associated astrocytes (PAA). O3 changes the PAA cell contact with microglia and cell-cell communication gene expression. Peripheral myeloid cell high mobility group box 1 regulates O3-induced transcriptomic changes in the DAA phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandrama Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, The Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Hendrik J Greve
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, The Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Carla Garza-Lombo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, The Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Jamie A Malley
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, The Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - James A Johnson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, The Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Adrian L Oblak
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, The Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Michelle L Block
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, The Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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Mejía C D, Faican G, Zalakeviciute R, Matovelle C, Bonilla S, Sobrino JA. Spatio-temporal evaluation of air pollution using ground-based and satellite data during COVID-19 in Ecuador. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28152. [PMID: 38560184 PMCID: PMC10979269 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The concentration of gases in the atmosphere is a topic of growing concern due to its effects on health, ecosystems etc. Its monitoring is commonly carried out through ground stations which offer high precision and temporal resolution. However, in countries with few stations, such as Ecuador, these data fail to adequately describe the spatial variability of pollutant concentrations. Remote sensing data have great potential to solve this complication. This study evaluates the spatiotemporal distribution of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and ozone (O3) concentrations in Quito and Cuenca, using data obtained from ground-based and Sentinel-5 Precursor mission sources during the years 2019 and 2020. Moreover, a Linear Regression Model (LRM) was employed to analyze the correlation between ground-based and satellite datasets, revealing positive associations for O3 (R2 = 0.83, RMSE = 0.18) and NO2 (R2 = 0.83, RMSE = 0.25) in Quito; and O3 (R2 = 0.74, RMSE = 0.23) and NO2, (R2 = 0.73, RMSE = 0.23) for Cuenca. The agreement between ground-based and satellite datasets was analyzed by employing the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC), reflecting good agreement between them (ICC ≥0.57); and using Bland and Altman coefficients, which showed low bias and that more than 95% of the differences are within the limits of agreement. Furthermore, the study investigated the impact of COVID-19 pandemic-related restrictions, such as social distancing and isolation, on atmospheric conditions. This was categorized into three periods for 2019 and 2020: before (from January 1st to March 15th), during (from March 16th to May 17th), and after (from March 18th to December 31st). A 51% decrease in NO2 concentrations was recorded for Cuenca, while Quito experienced a 14.7% decrease. The tropospheric column decreased by 27.3% in Cuenca and 15.1% in Quito. O3 showed an increasing trend, with tropospheric concentrations rising by 0.42% and 0.11% for Cuenca and Quito respectively, while the concentration in Cuenca decreased by 14.4%. Quito experienced an increase of 10.5%. Finally, the reduction of chemical species in the atmosphere as a consequence of mobility restrictions is highlighted. This study compared satellite and ground station data for NO2 and O3 concentrations. Despite differing units preventing data validation, it verified the Sentinel-5P satellite's effectiveness in anomaly detection. Our research's value lies in its applicability to developing countries, which may lack extensive monitoring networks, demonstrating the potential use of satellite technology in urban planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Mejía C
- Grupo CATOx – CEA de la Universidad de Cuenca, Campus Balzay, 010207 Cuenca, Ecuador
- Carrera de Ingeniería Ambiental de la Universidad de Cuenca, Campus Balzay, 010207 Cuenca, Ecuador
| | - Gina Faican
- Grupo CATOx – CEA de la Universidad de Cuenca, Campus Balzay, 010207 Cuenca, Ecuador
| | - Rasa Zalakeviciute
- Grupo de Biodiversidad Medio Ambiente y Salud (BIOMAS), Universidad de Las Americas, Quito - EC 170125, Ecuador
| | - Carlos Matovelle
- Carrera de Ingeniería Ambienta de la Universidad Católica de Cuenca, Ecuador
| | - Santiago Bonilla
- Research Center for the Territory and Sustainable Habitat, Universidad Tecnológica Indoamérica, Machala y Sabanilla, 170301 Quito, Ecuador
| | - José A. Sobrino
- Gobal Change Unit (GCU), Image Processing Laboratory (IPL), University of Valencia, Spain
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Zhu C, Yao M. Real-Time Monitoring of Air Pollution Health Impacts Using Breath-Borne Gaseous Biomarkers from Rats. Environ Sci Technol 2024; 58:4522-4534. [PMID: 38411076 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c08629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Offline techniques are adopted for studying air pollution health impacts, thus failing to provide in situ observations. Here, we have demonstrated their real-time monitoring by online analyzing an array of gaseous biomarkers from rats' exhaled breath using an integrated exhaled breath array sensor (IEBAS) developed. The biomarkers include total volatile organic compounds (TVOC), CO2, CO, NO, H2S, H2O2, O2, and NH3. Specific breath-borne VOCs were also analyzed by a gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometer (GC-IMS). After real-life ambient air pollution exposures (2 h), the pollution levels of PM2.5 and O3 were both found to significantly affect the relative levels of multiple gaseous biomarkers in rats' breath. Eleven biomarkers, especially NO, H2S, and 1-propanol, were detected as significantly correlated with PM2.5 concentration, while heptanal was shown to be significantly correlated with O3. Likewise, significant changes were also detected in multiple breath-borne biomarkers from rats under lab-controlled O3 exposures with levels of 150, 300, and 1000 μg/m3 (2 h), compared to synthetic air exposure. Importantly, heptanal was experimentally confirmed as a reliable biomarker for O3 exposure, with a notable dose-response relationship. In contrast, conventional biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress in rat sera exhibited insignificant differences after the 2 h exposures. The results imply that breath-borne gaseous biomarkers can serve as an early and sensitive indicator for ambient pollutant exposure. This work pioneered a new research paradigm for online monitoring of air pollution health impacts while obtaining important candidate biomarker information for PM2.5 and O3 exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyu Zhu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Maosheng Yao
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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Li Z, Xiang L, Pan S, Zhu D, Li S, Guo H. The Degradation of Aqueous Oxytetracycline by an O 3/CaO 2 System in the Presence of HC O3-: Performance, Mechanism, Degradation Pathways, and Toxicity Evaluation. Molecules 2024; 29:659. [PMID: 38338403 PMCID: PMC10856086 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29030659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
This research constructed a novel O3/CaO2/HCO3- system to degrade antibiotic oxytetracycline (OTC) in water. The results indicated that CaO2 and HCO3- addition could promote OTC degradation in an O3 system. There is an optimal dosage of CaO2 (0.05 g/L) and HCO3- (2.25 mmol/L) that promotes OTC degradation. After 30 min of treatment, approximately 91.5% of the OTC molecules were eliminated in the O3/CaO2/HCO3- system. A higher O3 concentration, alkaline condition, and lower OTC concentration were conducive to OTC decomposition. Active substances including ·OH, 1O2, ·O2-, and ·HCO3- play certain roles in OTC degradation. The production of ·OH followed the order: O3/CaO2/HCO3- > O3/CaO2 > O3. Compared to the sole O3 system, TOC and COD were easier to remove in the O3/CaO2/HCO3- system. Based on DFT and LC-MS, active species dominant in the degradation pathways of OTC were proposed. Then, an evaluation of the toxic changes in intermediates during OTC degradation was carried out. The feasibility of O3/CaO2/HCO3- for the treatment of other substances, such as bisphenol A, tetracycline, and actual wastewater, was investigated. Finally, the energy efficiency of the O3/CaO2/HCO3- system was calculated and compared with other mainstream processes of OTC degradation. The O3/CaO2/HCO3- system may be considered as an efficient and economical approach for antibiotic destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zedian Li
- School of Energy and Materials, Shanghai Polytechnic University, Shanghai 201209, China; (Z.L.); (D.Z.)
| | - Liangrui Xiang
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (L.X.); (S.P.)
| | - Shijia Pan
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (L.X.); (S.P.)
| | - Dahai Zhu
- School of Energy and Materials, Shanghai Polytechnic University, Shanghai 201209, China; (Z.L.); (D.Z.)
| | - Shen Li
- Anhui Jiuwu Tianhong Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd., Hefei 230011, China;
| | - He Guo
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (L.X.); (S.P.)
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Zhu Y, Shi Y, Bartell SM, Corrada MM, Manson SM, O’Connell J, Jiang L. Potential Effects of Long-Term Exposure to Air Pollution on Dementia: A Longitudinal Analysis in American Indians Aged 55 Years and Older. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2024; 21:128. [PMID: 38397619 PMCID: PMC10888275 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21020128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
(1) Background: American Indians are disproportionately affected by air pollution, an important risk factor for dementia. However, few studies have investigated the effects of air pollution on the risk of dementia among American Indians. (2) Methods: This retrospective cohort study included a total of 26,871 American Indians who were 55+ years old in 2007, with an average follow-up of 3.67 years. County-level average air pollution data were downloaded from land-use regression models. All-cause dementia was identified using ICD-9 diagnostic codes from the Indian Health Service's (IHS) National Data Warehouse and related administrative databases. Cox models were employed to examine the association of air pollution with dementia incidence, adjusting for co-exposures and potential confounders. (3) Results: The average PM2.5 levels in the IHS counties were lower than those in all US counties, while the mean O3 levels in the IHS counties were higher than the US counties. Multivariable Cox regressions revealed a positive association between dementia and county-level O3 with a hazard ratio of 1.24 (95% CI: 1.02-1.50) per 1 ppb standardized O3. PM2.5 and NO2 were not associated with dementia risk after adjusting for all covariates. (4) Conclusions: O3 is associated with a higher risk of dementia among American Indians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yachen Zhu
- Program in Public Health, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Yuxi Shi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA (M.M.C.)
| | - Scott M. Bartell
- Program in Public Health, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Maria M. Corrada
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA (M.M.C.)
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Spero M. Manson
- Centers for American Indian and Alaska Native Health, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (S.M.M.); (J.O.)
| | - Joan O’Connell
- Centers for American Indian and Alaska Native Health, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (S.M.M.); (J.O.)
| | - Luohua Jiang
- Program in Public Health, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA (M.M.C.)
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Li J, Yang B, Liu L, Gu J, Cao M, Wu L, He J. Relationship between air pollutants and spontaneous abortion in a coal resource valley city: a retrospective cohort study. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2023; 36:2281876. [PMID: 37968927 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2023.2281876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pollutants in the atmosphere have been linked to poor pregnancy outcomes in women. However, such investigations are scarce in metropolitan northern China. The major exposure window of air pollution affecting pregnant women is also unknown. METHODS For the analysis, this retrospective cohort study enrolled 6960 pregnant women recorded at Tongchuan People's Hospital from January 2018 to December 2019. Pollutant concentration values from the nearest monitoring station to the pregnant women were used to estimate exposure doses for each exposure window. Logistic regression models were created to investigate the connection between pollutants and spontaneous abortion while controlling for confounding factors. RESULTS PM2.5 was a risk factor for spontaneous abortion in T3 (30-60 days before the first day of the last menstrual period [LMP]), (OR: 1.305, 95% CI: 1.143-1.490) and T4 (60-90 days before the first day of the LMP),(OR: 1.450, 95% CI: 1.239-1.696) after controlling for covariates. In the same window, PM10 was a risk factor (OR: 1.308, 95% CI: 1.140-1.500), (OR: 1.386, 95% CI: 1.184-1.621). In T2 (30 days before the first day of the LMP), T3, and T4, SO2 was a risk factor for spontaneous abortion (OR: 1.185, 95% CI: 1.025-1.371), (OR: 1.219, 95% CI: 1.071-1.396), (OR: 1.202, 95% CI: 1.040-1.389). In T3 and T4, NO2 was a risk factor (OR: 1.171, 95% CI: 1.019- 1.346), (OR: 1.443, 95% CI: 1.259-1.655). In T1 (from the first day of the LMP to the date of abortion), O3 was found to be a risk factor (OR: 1.366, 95% CI: 1.226-1.521). CONCLUSION Exposure to high levels of air pollutants before and during pregnancy may be a risk factor for spontaneous abortion in pregnant women. This study further illustrates the importance of reducing air pollution emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimin Li
- Medical School of Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Boya Yang
- Medical School of Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lang Liu
- Medical School of Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiajia Gu
- Medical School of Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Meiying Cao
- Medical School of Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lili Wu
- Medical Records Room of Tongchuan People's Hospital, Tongchuan, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jinwei He
- Medical School of Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shaanxi, China
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Sahu SK, Chen L, Liu S, Xing J, Mathur R. Effect of Future Climate Change on Stratosphere-to-Troposphere-Exchange Driven Ozone in the Northern Hemisphere. Aerosol Air Qual Res 2023; 23:1-15. [PMID: 38264538 PMCID: PMC10802885 DOI: 10.4209/aaqr.220414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Future estimates of atmospheric pollutant concentrations serve as critical information for policy makers to formulate current policy indicators to achieve future targets. Tropospheric burden of O3 is modulated not only by anthropogenic and natural precursor emissions, but also by the downward transport of O3 associated with stratosphere to troposphere exchange (STE). Hence changes in the estimates of STE and its contributions are key to understand the nature and intensity of future ground level O3 concentrations. The difference in simulated O3 mixing ratios with and without the O3-Potential Vorticity (PV) parameterization scheme is used to represent the model estimated influence of STE on tropospheric O3 distributions. Though STE contributions remain constant in Northern hemisphere as a whole, regional differences exist with Europe (EUR) registering increased STE contribution in both spring and winter while Eastern China (ECH) reporting increased contribution in spring in 2050 (RCP8.5) as compared to 2015. Importance of climate change can be deduced from the fact that ECH and EUR recorded increased STE contribution to O3 in RCP8.5 compared to RCP4.5. Comparison of STE and non-STE meteorological process contributions to O3 due to climate change revealed that contributions of non-STE processes were highest in summer while STE contributions were highest in winter. EUR reported highest STE contribution while ECH reported highest non-STE contribution. None of the 3 regions show consistent low STE contribution due to future climate change (< 50%) in all seasons indicating the significance of STE to ground level O3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shovan Kumar Sahu
- Centre for Climate Research Singapore, Meteorological Service Singapore, Singapore 537054, Singapore
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Lei Chen
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Song Liu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing 100084, China
- Economy and Information Technology Department of Zhejiang, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jia Xing
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Rohit Mathur
- The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA
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Deng Y, Wang J, Sun L, Wang Y, Chen J, Zhao Z, Wang T, Xiang Y, Wang Y, Chen J, He M. Effects of Ambient O 3 on Respiratory Mortality, Especially the Combined Effects of PM 2.5 and O 3. Toxics 2023; 11:892. [PMID: 37999544 PMCID: PMC10675328 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11110892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In China, the increasing concentration of ozone (O3) has emerged as a significant air pollution issue, leading to adverse effects on public health, particularly the respiratory system. Despite the progress made in managing air pollution in China, it is crucial to address the problem of environmental O3 pollution at present. METHODS The connection between O3 exposure and respiratory mortality in Shenyang, China, from 2014 to 2018 was analyzed by a time-series generalized additive regression model (GAM) with quasi-Poisson regression. Additionally, the potential combined effects of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and O3 were investigated using the synergy index (SI). RESULTS Our findings indicate that each 10 μg/m3 increase in O3 at lag 2 days was associated with a maximum relative risk (RR) of 1.0150 (95% CI: 1.0098-1.0202) for respiratory mortality in the total population. For individuals aged ≥55 years, unmarried individuals, those engaged in indoor occupations, and those with low educational attainment, each 10 μg/m3 increase in O3 at lag 07 days was linked to RR values of 1.0301 (95% CI: 1.0187-1.0417), 1.0437 (95% CI: 1.0266-1.0610), 1.0317 (95% CI: 1.0186-1.0450), and 1.0346 (95% CI: 1.0222-1.0471), respectively. Importantly, we discovered a synergistic effect of PM2.5 and O3, resulting in an SI of 2.372 on the occurrence of respiratory mortality. CONCLUSIONS This study confirmed a positive association between O3 exposure and respiratory mortality. Furthermore, it highlighted the interaction between O3 and PM2.5 in exacerbating respiratory deaths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Deng
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Damage Research and Assessment, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Junlong Wang
- Liaoning Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenyang 110005, China
| | - Li Sun
- Liaoning Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenyang 110005, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Damage Research and Assessment, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Jiaoyang Chen
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Damage Research and Assessment, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Zhixin Zhao
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Damage Research and Assessment, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Tianyun Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Damage Research and Assessment, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Yuting Xiang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Damage Research and Assessment, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Yuting Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Damage Research and Assessment, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Jiamei Chen
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Damage Research and Assessment, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Miao He
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Damage Research and Assessment, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control & Prevention, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
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Chaudhary A, Prakash C, Sharma SK, Mor S, Ravindra K, Krishnan P. Health risk assessment of aerosol particles (PM 2.5 and PM 10) during winter crop at the agricultural site of Delhi, India. Environ Monit Assess 2023; 195:1297. [PMID: 37828346 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11826-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
For the last few decades, air pollution in developing country like India is increasing, and it is a matter of huge concern due to its associated human health impacts. In this region, the burgeoning population, escalating urbanization and industrialization, has been cited as the major reason for such a high air pollution. The present study was carried out for health risk assessment of aerosol particles (PM10 and PM2.5) and its associated heavy metals of an agriculture farm site at Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI) considered to be green urban area in Delhi, India. The concentrations of both PM10 and PM2.5 varied significantly from 136 to 177 µg/m3 and 56 to 162 µg/m3, respectively at the site. In the present case, the highest PM10 and PM2.5 levels were reported in January, followed by December. The levels of ambient PM10 and PM2.5 are influenced by wind prevailing meteorology. These levels of PM10 and PM2.5 are more than the permissible limits of WHO guidelines of 15 and 5 µg/m3, respectively, thereby leading to high aerosol loadings specifically in winters. The PM concentration of the atmosphere was found to be negatively correlated with temperature during the sampling period. The concentrations of surface ozone O3 and NOx in the present study were observed to be high in February and March, respectively. The increasing air pollution in the city of Delhi poses a great risk to the human health, as the particulate matter loaded with heavy metals can enter humans via different pathways, viz., ingestion, inhalation, and absorption through skin. The mean hazard index for metals (Zn, Pb, Cd, As, Cr, and Ni) was observed within the acceptable limit (HI < 1), thereby indicating negligible non-carcinogenic effects to residing population. The carcinogenic risk assessment was conducted for Cd, Pb, and As only, as the concentrations for other metals were found to be quite low. The carcinogenic risk values were also within the limits of USEPA standards, indicating no carcinogenic risks to the health of children and adults residing near the site. This information about the PM pollution at the agricultural site and health risk assessment will serve as a baseline data in assessment of human health impacts due to air pollution at the local scale and can be used for development of mitigation strategies for tackling air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Chaudhary
- Division of Environment Sciences, ICAR-IARI, New Delhi, 110 012, India.
| | - Chandra Prakash
- Division of Environment Sciences, ICAR-IARI, New Delhi, 110 012, India
| | - Sudhir Kumar Sharma
- CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K.S. Krishnan Road, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Suman Mor
- Department of Environment Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Khaiwal Ravindra
- Department of Community Medicine and School of Public Health, PGIMER, Chandigarh, 160015, India
| | - Prameela Krishnan
- Division of Agricultural Physics, ICAR-IARI, New Delhi, 110 012, India
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Baker KR, Simon H, Henderson B, Tucker C, Cooley D, Zinsmeister E. Source-Receptor Relationships Between Precursor Emissions and O 3 and PM 2.5 Air Pollution Impacts. Environ Sci Technol 2023; 57:14626-14637. [PMID: 37721376 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c03317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Reduced complexity tools that provide a representation of both primarily emitted particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5), secondarily formed PM2.5, and ozone (O3) allow for a quick assessment of many iterations of pollution control scenarios. Here, a new reduced complexity tool, Pattern Constructed Air Pollution Surfaces (PCAPS), that estimates annual average PM2.5 and seasonal average maximum daily average 8 h (MDA8) O3 for any source location in the United States is described and evaluated. Typically, reduced complexity tools are not evaluated for skill in predicting change in air pollution by comparison with more sophisticated modeling systems. Here, PCAPS was compared against multiple types of emission control scenarios predicted with state-of-the-science photochemical grid models to provide confidence that the model is realistically capturing the change in air pollution due to changing emissions. PCAPS was also applied with all anthropogenic emissions sources for multiple retrospective years to predict PM2.5 chemical components for comparison against routine surface measurements. PCAPS predicted similar magnitudes and regional variations in spatial gradients of measured chemical components of PM2.5. Model performance for capturing ambient measurements was consistent with other reduced complexity tools. PCAPS also did well at capturing the magnitude and spatial features of changes predicted by photochemical transport models for multiple emissions scenarios for both O3 and PM2.5. PCAPS is a flexible tool that provides source-receptor relationships using patterns of air quality gradients from a training data set of generic modeled sources to create interpolated air pollution gradients for new locations not part of the training database. The flexibility provided for both sources and receptors makes this tool ideal for integration into larger frameworks that provide emissions changes and need estimates of air quality to inform downstream analytics, which often includes an estimate of monetized health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirk R Baker
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - Heather Simon
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - Barron Henderson
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - Colby Tucker
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C. 20460, United States
| | - David Cooley
- Abt Associates, Durham, North Carolina 27703, United States
| | - Emma Zinsmeister
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C. 20460, United States
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Li JC, Cao C, Fang F, Tang QH, Liang BY. [Temporal and Spatial Distributions of O 3 Concentration and Potential Source Area Analysis of Hexi Corridor Based on Satellite and Ground Monitoring]. Huan Jing Ke Xue 2023; 44:4785-4798. [PMID: 37699798 DOI: 10.13227/j.hjkx.202209059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Based on 2005-2020 O3 column concentration data of OMI remote sensing satellite, combined with air pollutant data from 10 nationally controlled environmental automatic monitoring stations in the Hexi Corridor and global data assimilation system meteorological data, we used Kriging interpolation, correlation analysis, and backward trajectory (HYSPLIT) models to explore the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics, meteorological factors, transmission paths, and potential sources of O3 in the Hexi Corridor. The results showed the following:① in terms of temporal distribution, O3 column concentration showed an upward trend in 2005-2010 and 2014-2020 and downward trend in 2010-2014; the maximum and minimum values were reached in 2010 and 2014 (332.31 DU and 301.00 DU), respectively, and seasonal changes showed that those in spring and winter were significantly higher than those in summer and autumn. ② In terms of spatial distribution, O3 column concentration showed a latitudinal band distribution characteristic of increasing from southwest to northeast; the high-value areas were primarily distributed in urban areas with low terrain, and the median zone was latitudinally striped with the basic alignment of the Qilian foothills. ③ The analysis of meteorological conditions revealed that temperature, wind speed, and sunshine hours were positively correlated with O3, and relative humidity was negatively correlated with O3. ④ By simulating the airflow transportation trajectory of the receiving point in Wuwei City, it was found that the direction of the O3 conveying path was relatively singular; the dominant airflow in each season was primarily in the west and northwest; and the proportions were 71.62%, 66.85%, 61.22%, and 77.78%, respectively. There were certain seasonal differences in the source areas of O3 potential contribution:the high-value areas of O3 potential sources in spring, summer, and autumn were distributed in Baiyin City and Lanzhou City, which were southeast wind sources, and the high-value areas in winter were distributed between the Badain Jaran Desert and the Tengger Desert, which was the north wind source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Chao Li
- Key Laboratory of Resource Environment and Sustainable Development of Oasis, Gansu Province, College of Geography and Environmental Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Chun Cao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Environment and Sustainable Development of Oasis, Gansu Province, College of Geography and Environmental Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Feng Fang
- Lanzhou Regional Climate Center, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Qian-Hui Tang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Environment and Sustainable Development of Oasis, Gansu Province, College of Geography and Environmental Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Bin-Yue Liang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Environment and Sustainable Development of Oasis, Gansu Province, College of Geography and Environmental Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
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Song X, Hao Y. An assessment of O 3-related health risks and economic losses in typical regions of China. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1194340. [PMID: 37732098 PMCID: PMC10508848 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1194340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction As one of the key areas for air pollution prevention and control in China, the Fenwei Plain is experiencing serious near-surface O3 pollution, which is a key issue that needs to be solved urgently. Methods Based on pollutant concentration monitoring data and meteorological and health data over the same period, this study analyzed the temporal and spatial characteristics, the relationships with meteorological factors of O3 pollution, and the health effects and economic losses caused by exposure to O3 pollution using environmental health risk and environmental value assessment methods in 11 cities on the Fenwei Plain in China from 2014 to 2020. Results The results showed that O3 pollution has become increasingly serious on the Fenwei Plain in recent years. The annual average concentration of O3_8h_max showed an overall upwards trend, with an increase of 32.39% in 2020 compared to 2014. The mean concentrations observed in summer were the highest, followed by spring and autumn, and the lowest was in winter. The O3 concentration had a significant positive correlation with air temperature and sunshine hours. The evaluation results of the impact of air pollution on population health showed that the number of premature deaths caused by O3 pollution fluctuated and increased during 2014-2020. In 2020, the numbers of total, cardiovascular and respiratory deaths attributable to O3 pollution on the Fenwei Plain were 6,867 (95% CI: 3,739-9,965), 3,652 (95% CI: 1,363-5,905), and 1,257 (95% CI: 747-2,365), respectively, and the total number of premature deaths related to O3 exposure increased by 48.05% compared with 2014. The health and economic losses attributed to O3 pollution on the Fenwei Plain during the study period were 44.22 (95% CI: 22.17-69.18), 47.16 (95% CI: 23.64-73.77), 68.28 (95% CI: 34.27-106.31), 114.44 (95% CI: 57.42-177.76), 110.85 (95% CI: 55.45-172.52), 116.41 (95% CI: 58.24-180.74), and 116.81 (95% CI: 58.00-180.88) billion yuan, respectively. In Linfen City, the increasing rate of the number of premature deaths reached 283.39% because the O3 concentration increased greatly. Discussion Due to high O3 concentrations and obvious population growth in Xi'an, the problems of premature death and health and economic losses attributed to O3 concentrations exceeding the standard value are prominent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Song
- College of Resources and Environment, Shanxi University of Finance and Economics, Taiyuan, China
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14
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Abstract
Air pollution may be involved in spreading dengue fever (DF) besides rainfalls and warmer temperatures. While particulate matter (PM), especially those with diameter of 10 μm (PM10) or 2.5 μm or less (PM25), and NO2 increase the risk of coronavirus 2 infection, their roles in triggering DF remain unclear. We explored if air pollution factors predict DF incidence in addition to the classic climate factors. Public databases and DF records of two southern cities in Taiwan were used in regression analyses. Month order, PM10 minimum, PM2.5 minimum, and precipitation days were retained in the enter mode model, and SO2 minimum, O3 maximum, and CO minimum were retained in the stepwise forward mode model in addition to month order, PM10 minimum, PM2.5 minimum, and precipitation days. While PM2.5 minimum showed a negative contribution to the monthly DF incidence, other variables showed the opposite effects. The sustain of month order, PM10 minimum, PM2.5 minimum, and precipitation days in both regression models confirms the role of classic climate factors and illustrates a potential biological role of the air pollutants in the life cycle of mosquito vectors and dengue virus and possibly human immune status. Future DF prevention should concern the contribution of air pollution besides the classic climate factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Chun Lu
- Department of Management Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Yu Lin
- Graduate Institute of Business Administration, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Huei Huang
- Department of Information Management, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Tung Kao
- Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - El-Wui Loh
- Center for Evidence-Based Health Care, Department of Medical Research, Taipei Medical University Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei, Taiwan
- Cochrane Taiwan, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Imaging, Taipei Medical University Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei, Taiwan
- Research Center for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Tapei, Taiwan
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Ma H, Zhang Q, Liang W, Han A, Xie N, Xiang H, Wang X. Short-Term Exposure to PM 2.5 and O 3 Impairs Liver Function in HIV/AIDS Patients: Evidence from a Repeated Measurements Study. Toxics 2023; 11:729. [PMID: 37755740 PMCID: PMC10537338 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11090729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Studies investigating the relationship between ambient air pollutants and liver function are scarce. Our objective was to examine the associations of acute exposure to PM2.5 and O3 with levels of hepatic enzymes in people living with HIV/AIDS (PWHA). Our study involved 163 PWHA, who were evaluated for serum hepatic enzymes up to four times within a year. We extracted daily average concentrations of PM2.5, PM2.5 components, and O3 for each participant, based on their residential address, using the Tracking of Air Pollution in China database. Linear mixed-effect models were utilized to assess the associations of acute exposure to PM2.5 and O3 with hepatic enzymes. Weighted quantile sum regression models were employed to identify the major constituents of PM2.5 that affect hepatic enzymes. The percent change of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) concentration was positively correlated with a 10 µg/m3 increase in PM2.5, ranging from 1.92 (95% CI: 3.13 to 4.38) to 6.09 (95% CI: 9.25 to 12.38), with the largest effect observed at lag06. Additionally, acute O3 exposure was related to increased levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), AST, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) concentrations. Co-exposure to high levels of PM2.5 and O3 had an antagonistic effect on the elevation of AST. Further analysis revealed that SO42- and BC were major contributors to elevated AST concentration due to PM2.5 constituents. A stronger association was found between O3 exposure and ALT concentration in female PWHA. Our study found that short-term exposure to PM2.5 and O3 was associated with increased levels of hepatic enzymes, indicating that PM2.5 and O3 exposure may contribute to hepatocellular injury in PWHA. Our study also found that PWHA may be more vulnerable to air pollution than the general population. These findings highlight the relationship between air pollutants and liver function in PWHA, providing a scientific basis for the implementation of measures to protect susceptible populations from the adverse effects of air pollution. A reduction in the burning of fossil fuels and reduced exposure to air pollutants may be effective hazard reduction approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongfei Ma
- Wuhan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 288# Machang Road, Wuhan 430024, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Qingshan District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 4# Yangang Road, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Wei Liang
- Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, 115# Donghu Road, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Aojing Han
- Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, 115# Donghu Road, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Nianhua Xie
- Wuhan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 288# Machang Road, Wuhan 430024, China
| | - Hao Xiang
- Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, 115# Donghu Road, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xia Wang
- Wuhan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 288# Machang Road, Wuhan 430024, China
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Zhang Y, Zhang S, Xin J, Wang S, He X, Zheng C, Li S. Short-term joint effects of ambient PM 2.5 and O 3 on mortality in Beijing, China. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1232715. [PMID: 37608983 PMCID: PMC10441666 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1232715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction In recent years, air pollution caused by co-occurring PM2.5 and O3, named combined air pollution (CAP), has been observed in Beijing, China, although the health effects of CAP on population mortality are unclear. Methods We employed Poisson generalized additive models (GAMs) to evaluate the individual and joint effects of PM2.5 and O3 on mortality (nonaccidental, respiratory, and cardiovascular mortality) in Beijing, China, during the whole period (2014-2016) and the CAP period. Adverse health effects were assessed for percentage increases (%) in the three mortality categories with each 10-μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 and O3. The cumulative risk index (CRI) was adopted as a novel approach to quantify the joint effects. Results The results suggested that both PM2.5 and O3 exhibited the greatest individual effects on the three mortality categories with cumulative lag day 01. Increases in the nonaccidental, cardiovascular, and respiratory mortality categories were 0.32%, 0.36%, and 0.43% for PM2.5 (lag day 01) and 0.22%, 0.37%, and 0.25% for O3 (lag day 01), respectively. There were remarkably synergistic interactions between PM2.5 and O3 on the three mortality categories. The study showed that the combined effects of PM2.5 and O3 on nonaccidental, cardiovascular, and respiratory mortality were 0.34%, 0.43%, and 0.46%, respectively, during the whole period and 0.58%, 0.79%, and 0.75%, respectively, during the CAP period. Our findings suggest that combined exposure to PM2.5 and O3, particularly during CAP periods, could further exacerbate their single-pollutant health risks. Conclusion These findings provide essential scientific evidence for the possible creation and implementation of environmental protection strategies by policymakers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Plateau Atmosphere and Environment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shaobo Zhang
- Plateau Atmosphere and Environment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinyuan Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shigong Wang
- Plateau Atmosphere and Environment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaonan He
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Canjun Zheng
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Shihong Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Tan Q, Wang B, Ye Z, Mu G, Liu W, Nie X, Yu L, Zhou M, Chen W. Cross-sectional and longitudinal relationships between ozone exposure and glucose homeostasis: Exploring the role of systemic inflammation and oxidative stress in a general Chinese urban population. Environ Pollut 2023; 329:121711. [PMID: 37100372 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The adverse health effects of ozone pollution have been a globally concerned public health issue. Herein we aim to investigate the association between ozone exposure and glucose homeostasis, and to explore the potential role of systemic inflammation and oxidative stress in this association. A total of 6578 observations from the Wuhan-Zhuhai cohort (baseline and two follow-ups) were included in this study. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and insulin (FPI), plasma C-reactive protein (CRP, biomarker for systemic inflammation), urinary 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG, biomarker for oxidative DNA damage), and urinary 8-isoprostane (biomarker for lipid peroxidation) were repeatedly measured. After adjusting for potential confounders, ozone exposure was positively associated with FPG, FPI, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and negatively associated with HOMA of beta cell function (HOMA-β) in cross-sectional analyses. Each 10 ppb increase in cumulative 7-days moving average ozone was associated with a 13.19%, 8.31%, and 12.77% increase in FPG, FPI, and HOMA-IR, respectively, whereas a 6.63% decrease in HOMA-β (all P < 0.05). BMI modified the associations of 7-days ozone exposure with FPI and HOMA-IR, and the effects were stronger in subgroup whose BMI ≥24 kg/m2. Consistently high exposure to annual average ozone was associated with increased FPG and FPI in longitudinal analyses. Furthermore, ozone exposure was positively related to CRP, 8-OHdG, and 8-isoprostane in dose-response manner. Increased CRP, 8-OHdG, and 8-isoprostane could dose-dependently aggravate glucose homeostasis indices elevations related to ozone exposure. Increased CRP and 8-isoprostane mediated 2.11-14.96% of ozone-associated glucose homeostasis indices increment. Our findings suggested that ozone exposure could cause glucose homeostasis damage and obese people were more susceptible. Systemic inflammation and oxidative stress might be potential pathways in glucose homeostasis damage induced by ozone exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyou Tan
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Zi Ye
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Ge Mu
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Xiuquan Nie
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Linling Yu
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Min Zhou
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Weihong Chen
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China.
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Peng J, Wang S, Wang Y, Yu W, Zha Y, Gao S. Effects of ozone exposure on lipid metabolism in Huh-7 human hepatoma cells. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1222762. [PMID: 37521985 PMCID: PMC10374329 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1222762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Ozone pollution is a major environmental concern. According to recent epidemiological studies, ozone exposure increases the risk of metabolic liver disease. However, studies on the mechanisms underlying the effects of ozone exposure on hepatic oxidative damage, lipid synthesis, and catabolism are limited. In this study, Huh-7 human hepatocellular carcinoma cells were randomly divided into five groups and exposed to 200 ppb O3 for 0, 1, 2, 4, and 8 h. We measured the levels of oxidative stress and analyzed the changes in molecules related to lipid metabolism. The levels of oxidative stress were found to be significantly elevated in Huh-7 hepatocellular carcinoma cells after O3 exposure. Moreover, the expression levels of intracellular lipid synthases, including SREBP1, FASN, SCD1, and ACC1, were enhanced. Lipolytic enzymes, including ATGL and HSL, and the mitochondrial fatty acid oxidase, CPT1α, were inhibited after O3 exposure. In addition, short O3 exposure enhanced the expression of the intracellular peroxisomal fatty acid β-oxidase, ACOX1; however, its expression decreased adaptively with longer exposure times. Overall, O3 exposure induces an increase in intracellular oxidative stress and disrupts the normal metabolism of lipids in hepatocytes, leading to intracellular lipid accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhao Peng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, China
| | - Siyuan Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, China
| | - Yunlong Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, China
| | - Wanchao Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, China
| | - Yejun Zha
- Department of Orthopedic Trauma, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shuxin Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, China
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Vignesh VG, Jain CD, Saikranthi K, Ratnam MV. Spatial variability of trace gases (NO 2, O 3 and CO) over Indian region during 2020 and 2021 COVID-19 lockdowns. Environ Monit Assess 2023; 195:680. [PMID: 37191765 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11318-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 lockdown has given us an opportunity to investigate the pollutant concentrations in response to the restricted anthropogenic activities. The atmospheric concentration levels of nitrogen dioxide (NO2), carbon monoxide (CO) and ozone (O3) have been analysed for the periods during the first wave of COVID-19 lockdown in 2020 (25th March-31st May 2020) and during the partial lockdowns due to second wave in 2021 (25th March-15th June 2021) across India. The trace gas measurements from Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) and Atmosphere InfraRed Sounder (AIRS) satellites have been used. An overall decrease in the concentration of O3 (5-10%) and NO2 (20-40%) have been observed during the 2020 lockdown when compared with business as usual (BAU) period in 2019, 2018 and 2017. However, the CO concentration increased up to 10-25% especially in the central-west region. O3 and NO2 slightly increased or had no change in 2021 lockdown when compared with the BAU period, but CO showed a mixed variation prominently influenced by the biomass burning/forest fire activities. The changes in trace gas levels during 2020 lockdown have been predominantly due to the reduction in the anthropogenic activities, whereas in 2021, the changes have been mostly due to natural factors like meteorology and long-range transport, as the emission levels have been similar to that of BAU. Later phases of 2021 lockdown saw the dominant effect of rainfall events resulting in washout of pollutants. This study reveals that partial or local lockdowns have very less impact on reducing pollution levels on a regional scale as natural factors like atmospheric long-range transport and meteorology play deciding roles on their concentration levels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - K Saikranthi
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Tirupati, India
| | - M Venkat Ratnam
- National Atmospheric Research Laboratory (NARL), Gadanki, India
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Urso P, Cattaneo A, Pulvirenti S, Vercelli F, Cavallo DM, Carrer P. Early-phase pandemic in Italy: Covid-19 spread determinant factors. Heliyon 2023; 9:e15358. [PMID: 37041936 PMCID: PMC10079324 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the Covid-19 pandemic is still ongoing, the environmental factors beyond virus transmission are only partially known. This statistical study has the aim to identify the key factors that have affected the virus spread during the early phase of pandemic in Italy, among a wide set of potential determinants concerning demographics, environmental pollution and climate. Because of its heterogeneity in pollution levels and climate conditions, Italy provides an ideal scenario for an ecological study. Moreover, the selected period excludes important confounding factors, as different virus variants, restriction policies or vaccines. The short-term relationship between the infection maximum increase and demographic, pollution and meteo-climatic parameters was investigated, including both winter-spring and summer 2020 data, also focusing separately on the two seasonal periods and on North vs Centre-South. Among main results, the importance of population size confirmed social distancing as a key management option. The pollution hazardous role undoubtedly emerged, as NO2 affected infection increase in all the studied scenarios, PM2.5 manifested its impact in North of Italy, while O3 always showed a protective action. Whereas higher temperatures were beneficial, especially in the cold season with also wind and relative humidity, solar irradiance was always relevant, revealing several significant interactions with other co-factors. Presented findings address the importance of the environment in Sars-CoV-2 spread and indicated that special carefulness should be taken in crowded areas, especially if they are highly polluted and weakly exposed to sun. The results suggest that containment of future epidemics similar to Covid-19 could be supported by reducing environmental pollution, achieving safer social habits and promoting preventive health care for better immune system response, as an only comprehensive strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Urso
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences Hospital 'L. Sacco', University of Milan, Milano, Italy
- Department of Radiotherapy, Clinica Luganese Moncucco SA, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Cattaneo
- Department of Science and High Technology, University of Insubria, Como, Italy
| | - Salvatore Pulvirenti
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences Hospital 'L. Sacco', University of Milan, Milano, Italy
| | - Franco Vercelli
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences Hospital 'L. Sacco', University of Milan, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Carrer
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences Hospital 'L. Sacco', University of Milan, Milano, Italy
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Yu S, Zhang M, Zhu J, Yang X, Bigambo FM, Snijders AM, Wang X, Hu W, Lv W, Xia Y. The effect of ambient ozone exposure on three types of diabetes: a meta-analysis. Environ Health 2023; 22:32. [PMID: 36998068 PMCID: PMC10061724 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-023-00981-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ozone as an air pollutant is gradually becoming a threat to people's health. However, the effect of ozone exposure on risk of developing diabetes, a fast-growing global metabolic disease, remains controversial. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the impact of ambient ozone exposure on the incidence rate of type 1, type 2 and gestational diabetes mellitus. METHOD We systematically searched PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases before July 9, 2022, to determine relevant literature. Data were extracted after quality evaluation according to the Newcastle Ottawa Scale (NOS) and the agency for healthcare research and quality (AHRQ) standards, and a meta-analysis was used to evaluate the correlation between ozone exposure and type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D), and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). The heterogeneity test, sensitivity analysis, and publication bias were performed using Stata 16.0. RESULTS Our search identified 667 studies from three databases, 19 of which were included in our analysis after removing duplicate and ineligible studies. Among the remaining studies, three were on T1D, five were on T2D, and eleven were on GDM. The result showed that ozone exposure was positively correlated with T2D [effect size (ES) = 1.06, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.11] and GDM [pooled odds ratio (OR) = 1.01, 95% CI: 1.00, 1.03]. Subgroup analysis demonstrated that ozone exposure in the first trimester of pregnancy might raise the risk of GDM. However, no significant association was observed between ozone exposure and T1D. CONCLUSION Long-term exposure to ozone may increase the risk of T2D, and daily ozone exposure during pregnancy was a hazard factor for developing GDM. Decreasing ambient ozone pollution may reduce the burden of both diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirui Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, No.101 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211166, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mingzhi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, No.101 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211166, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiamin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, No.101 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Xu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, No.101 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211166, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Francis Manyori Bigambo
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, No.101 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211166, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Antoine M Snijders
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weiyue Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, No.101 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211166, China.
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, No.101 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211166, China.
| | - Wei Lv
- Healthcare Management Program, School of Business, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Rd, Nanjing, 210093, China.
| | - Yankai Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, No.101 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211166, China.
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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22
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Yang L, Hong S, Mu H, Zhou J, He C, Wu Q, Gong X. Ozone exposure and health risks of different age structures in major urban agglomerations in People's Republic of China from 2013 to 2018. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:42152-42164. [PMID: 36645592 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24809-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
High concentration of surface ozone (O3) will cause health risks to people. In order to analyze the spatiotemporal characteristics of O3 and assess O3 exposure and health risks for different age groups in China, we applied multiple methods including standard deviation ellipse, spatial autocorrelation, and exposure-response functions. Results show that O3 concentrations increased in 64.5% of areas in China from 2013 to 2018. The central plain urban agglomeration (CPU), Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH), and Yangtze River Delta (YRD) witnessed the greatest incremental rates of O3 by 16.7%, 14.3%, and 13.1%. Spatially, the trend of O3 shows a significant positive autocorrelation, and high trend values primarily in central and east China. The proportion of the total population exposed to high O3 (above 160 μg/m3) increased annually. Compared to 2013, the proportion of the young, adult, and old populations exposed to high O3 increased to different extents in 2018 by 26.8%, 29.6%, and 27.2%, respectively. The extent of population exposure risk areas in China expanded in size, particularly in north and east China. The total premature respiratory mortalities attributable to long-term O3 exposure in six urban agglomerations were about 177,000 in 2018 which has increased by 16.4% compared to that in 2013. Among different age groups, old people are more vulnerable to O3 pollution, so we need to strengthen their relevant health protection of them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Yang
- School of Resource and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, Hubei, China
| | - Song Hong
- School of Resource and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, Hubei, China.
| | - Hang Mu
- School of Resource and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, Hubei, China
| | - Jingwei Zhou
- Wageningen Institute for Environment and Climate Research, Wageningen University & Research, 6700 HB, Wageningen, Gelderland, Netherlands
| | - Chao He
- College of Resources and Environment, Yangtze University, Wuhan, 430100, China
| | - Qian Wu
- School of Resource and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, Hubei, China
| | - Xi Gong
- School of Low Carbon Economics, Hubei University of Economics, Wuhan, 430205, China
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23
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Guan Y, Shen Y, Liu X, Liu X, Chen J, Li D, Xu M, Wang L, Duan E, Hou L, Han J. Important revelations of different degrees of COVID-19 lockdown on improving regional air quality: a case study of Shijiazhuang, China. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:21313-21325. [PMID: 36269475 PMCID: PMC9589624 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23715-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
To control the spread of COVID-19, Shijiazhuang implemented two lockdowns of different magnitudes in 2020 (lockdown I) and 2021 (lockdown II). We analyzed the changes in air quality index (AQI), PM2.5, O3, and VOCs during the two lockdowns and the same period in 2019 and quantified the effects of anthropogenic sources during the lockdowns. The results show that AQI decreased by 13.2% and 32.4%, and PM2.5 concentrations decreased by 12.9% and 42.4% during lockdown I and lockdown II, respectively, due to the decrease in urban traffic mobility and industrial activity levels. However, the sudden and unreasonable emission reductions led to an increase in O3 concentrations by 160.6% and 108.4%, respectively, during the lockdown period. To explore the causes of the O3 surge, the major precursors NOx and VOCs were studied separately, and the main VOCs species affecting ozone formation during the lockdown period and the source variation of VOCs were identified, and it is important to note that the relationship between diurnal variation characteristics of VOCs and cooking became apparent during the lockdown period. These findings suggest that regional air quality can be improved by limiting production, but attention should be paid to the surge of O3 caused by unreasonable emission reductions, clarifying the control priorities for urban O3 management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Guan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, 050018, China
- National Joint Local Engineering Research Center for Volatile Organic Compounds and Odorous Pollution Control, Shijiazhuang, 050018, China
| | - Ying Shen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, 050018, China
| | - Xinyue Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, 050018, China
| | - Xuejiao Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, 050018, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Shijiazhuang City Environmental Meteorological Center, Shijiazhuang, 050018, China
| | - Dong Li
- Shijiazhuang City Environmental Prediction and Forecast Center, Shijiazhuang, 050018, China
| | - Man Xu
- Shijiazhuang City Environmental Prediction and Forecast Center, Shijiazhuang, 050018, China
| | - Litao Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, 050018, China
- National Joint Local Engineering Research Center for Volatile Organic Compounds and Odorous Pollution Control, Shijiazhuang, 050018, China
| | - Erhong Duan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, 050018, China
- National Joint Local Engineering Research Center for Volatile Organic Compounds and Odorous Pollution Control, Shijiazhuang, 050018, China
| | - Li'an Hou
- Xi'an High-Tech Institute, Xi'an, 710025, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jing Han
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, 050018, China.
- National Joint Local Engineering Research Center for Volatile Organic Compounds and Odorous Pollution Control, Shijiazhuang, 050018, China.
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Feng YT, Lang CF, Chen C, Harry Asena M, Fang Y, Zhang RD, Jiang LQ, Fang X, Chen Y, He YS, Wang P, Pan HF. Association between air pollution exposure and coronary heart disease hospitalization in a humid sub-tropical region of China: A time-series study. Front Public Health 2023; 10:1090443. [PMID: 36711381 PMCID: PMC9874291 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1090443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Emerging evidence has highlighted the possible links of environmental pollution with several cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The current study aimed to explore the impact of short-term air pollution exposure on CHD hospitalization in Hefei. Methods Data about the daily number of CHD admissions (from 2014 to 2021) were retrieved from the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University. Air pollutants and meteorological data were obtained from the China Environmental Monitoring Station and the China Meteorological Data Service Center, respectively. The correlation between air pollution and CHD hospitalization was assessed using distributed lag non-linear model (DLNM) and Poisson generalized linear regression. Results In the single-pollutant model, NO2, O3, and CO strongly correlated with CHD hospitalization rate. Specifically, exposure to NO2 (lag0, relative risk [RR]: 1.013, 95%CI: 1.002-1.024, per 10 μg/m3 increase) and CO (lag13, RR: 1.035, 95%CI: 1.001-1.071, per 1 μg/m3 increase) revealed a positive correlation with an increased rate of CHD hospitalization. Interestingly, O3 had a protective association with hospitalization of CHD (lag0, RR: 0.993, 95%CI: 0.988-0.999, per 10 μg/m3 increase). Similar results, to those of the single-pollutant model, were revealed following verification using two-pollutant models. Subgroup analyses indicated that young people, women, and people in hot seasons were more susceptible to NO2 exposure, while the elderly, women, and people in cold seasons were more susceptible to O3. Furthermore, the elderly were more susceptible to CO exposure. Conclusion Overall, exposure to NO2 and CO increases the rate of CHD hospitalization, but exposure to O3 shows a protective association with the rate of CHD hospitalization. Therefore, early preventive measures against air pollutants should be applied to protect vulnerable patients with CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ting Feng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Cui-Feng Lang
- Department of General Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Cong Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Musonye Harry Asena
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yang Fang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Ruo-Di Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Ling-Qiong Jiang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xi Fang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yue Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yi-Sheng He
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Teaching Center for Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China,*Correspondence: Peng Wang ✉
| | - Hai-Feng Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China,Hai-Feng Pan ✉
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25
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Tamehri Zadeh SS, Khajavi A, Ramezankhani A, Azizi F, Hadaegh F. The impact of long-term exposure to PM10, SO2, O3, NO2, and CO on incident dysglycemia: a population-based cohort study. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:3213-3221. [PMID: 35943653 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22330-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
To examine the associations between long-term exposure to five major air pollutants including SO2, PM10, O3, NO2, and CO, and incident dysglycemia, impaired fasting glucose (IFG), and diabetes, separately. A total of 4254 (1720 men) normoglycemic individuals aged 20-69 years at baseline were followed from 2001 to 2018 every 3 years. To measure the long-term hazards of air pollutants for incident dysglycemia, the Weibull proportional hazards models for every 10-unit increment adjusted for diabetes risk factors were fitted. The air pollutants were put in the models in the form of averages of 1-, 2-, and 3-year periods. During a median follow-up of 12.2 years, we observed 1780 dysglycemia events. In contrast to NO2, the increase in SO2, O3, and PM10 levels were significantly associated with a higher risk of dysglycemia and IFG in all time spans excluding PM10 at 2 years. The largest hazard ratios for incident dysglycemia and IFG were attributable to PM10 in 3 years (2.20 (95% CI 1.67, 2.89) and 2.08 (1.55, 2.80), respectively). Moreover, exposure to all the pollutants except NO2 in 1 year (0.89 (0.80, 0.98)) had no significant associations with incident diabetes. There was a signal that younger (< 45 years) and never-smoker individuals were more predispose to dysglycemic effects of air pollution (all P for interactions > 0.03). Our findings suggested that long-term exposure to air pollution increased incident dysglycemia risk, the effect which was mainly attributable to IFG status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Saeed Tamehri Zadeh
- Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, No. 24, Parvaneh Street, Velenjak, Tehran, Iran
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Khajavi
- Student Research Committee, Department of Biostatistics, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azra Ramezankhani
- Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, No. 24, Parvaneh Street, Velenjak, Tehran, Iran
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereidoun Azizi
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzad Hadaegh
- Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, No. 24, Parvaneh Street, Velenjak, Tehran, Iran.
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Nawaz MO, Henze DK, Anenberg SC, Braun C, Miller J, Pronk E. A Source Apportionment and Emission Scenario Assessment of PM 2.5- and O 3-Related Health Impacts in G20 Countries. Geohealth 2023; 7:e2022GH000713. [PMID: 36618583 PMCID: PMC9811479 DOI: 10.1029/2022gh000713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to air pollution is a leading risk factor for premature death globally; however, the complexity of its formation and the diversity of its sources can make it difficult to address. The Group of Twenty (G20) countries are a collection of the world's largest and most influential economies and are uniquely poised to take action to reduce the global health burden associated with air pollution. We present a framework capable of simultaneously identifying regional and sectoral sources of the health impacts associated with two air pollutants, fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and ozone (O3) in G20 countries; this framework is also used to assess the health impacts associated with emission reductions. This approach combines GEOS-Chem adjoint sensitivities, satellite-derived data, and a new framework designed to better characterize the non-linear relationship between O3 exposures and nitrogen oxides emissions. From this approach, we estimate that a 50% reduction of land transportation emissions by 2040 would result in 251 thousand premature deaths avoided in G20 countries. These premature deaths would be attributable equally to reductions in PM2.5 and O3 exposure which make up 51% and 49% of the potential benefits, respectively. In our second application, we estimate that the energy generation related co-benefits associated with G20 countries staying on pace with their net-zero carbon dioxide targets would be 290 thousand premature deaths avoided in 2040; action by India (47%) would result in the most benefits of any country and a majority of these avoided deaths would be attributable to reductions in PM2.5 exposure (68%).
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Omar Nawaz
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of Colorado BoulderBoulderCOUSA
| | - Daven K. Henze
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of Colorado BoulderBoulderCOUSA
| | - Susan C. Anenberg
- Milken Institute School of Public HealthGeorge Washington UniversityWashingtonDCUSA
| | | | - Joshua Miller
- The International Council on Clean TransportationSan FranciscoCAUSA
| | - Erik Pronk
- The International Council on Clean TransportationSan FranciscoCAUSA
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27
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Rashidi R, Khaniabadi YO, Sicard P, De Marco A, Anbari K. Ambient PM 2.5 and O 3 pollution and health impacts in Iranian megacity. Stoch Environ Res Risk Assess 2023; 37:175-184. [PMID: 35965492 PMCID: PMC9358119 DOI: 10.1007/s00477-022-02286-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The main objectives of this study were to (i) assess variation within fine particles (PM2.5) and tropospheric ozone (O3) time series in Khorramabad (Iran) between 2019 (before) and 2020 (during COVID-19 pandemic); (ii) assess relationship between PM2.5 and O3, the PM2.5/O3 ratio, and energy consumption; and (iii) estimate the health effects of exposure to ambient PM2.5 and O3. From hourly PM2.5 and O3 concentrations, we applied both linear-log and integrated exposure-response functions, city-specific relative risk, and baseline incidence values to estimate the health effects over time. A significant correlation was found between PM2.5 and O3 (r =-0.46 in 2019, r =-0.55 in 2020, p < 0.05). The number of premature deaths for all non-accidental causes (27.5 and 24.6), ischemic heart disease (7.3 and 6.3), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (17 and 19.2), and lung cancer (9.2 and 6.25) attributed to ambient PM2.5 exposure and for respiratory diseases (4.7 and 5.4) for exposure to O3 above 10 µg m-3 for people older than 30-year-old were obtained in 2019 and 2020. The number of years of life lost declined by 11.6% in 2020 and exposure to PM2.5 reduced the life expectancy by 0.58 and 0.45 years, respectively in 2019 and 2020. Compared to 2019, the restrictive measures associated to COVID-19 pandemic led to reduction in PM2.5 (-25.5%) and an increase of O3 concentration (+ 8.0%) in Khorramabad.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajab Rashidi
- Department of Occupational Health, Nutritional Health Research Center, School of Health and Nutrition,
Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Yusef Omidi Khaniabadi
- Occupational and Environmental Health Research Center, Petroleum Industry Health Organization (PIHO), Ahvaz, Iran
| | | | | | - Khatereh Anbari
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
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Gharibvand LK, Jamali AA, Amiri F. Changes in NO2 and O3 levels due to the pandemic lockdown in the industrial cities of Tehran and Arak, Iran using Sentinel 5P images, Google Earth Engine (GEE) and statistical analysis. Stoch Environ Res Risk Assess 2023; 37:2023-2034. [PMID: 37091315 PMCID: PMC10073783 DOI: 10.1007/s00477-022-02362-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution has very damaging effects on human health. In recent years the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has created a worldwide economic disaster. Although the consequences of the COVID-19 lockdowns have had severe effects on economic and social conditions, these lockdowns also have also left beneficial effects on improving air quality and the environment. This research investigated the impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on NO2 and O3 pollutants changes in the industrial and polluted cities of Arak and Tehran in Iran. Based on this, the changes in NO2 and O3 levels during the 2020 lockdown and the same period in 2019 were investigated in these two cities. For this purpose, the Sentinel-5P data of these two pollutants were used during the lockdown period from November 19 to December 05, 2020, and at the same time before the pandemic from November 19 to December 05, 2019. For better results, the effect of climatic factors such as rain and wind in reducing pollution was removed. The obtained results indicate a decrease in NO2 and O3 levels by 3.5% and 6.8% respectively in Tehran and 20.97% and 5.67% in Arak during the lockdown of 2020 compared to the same time in 2019. This decrease can be caused by the reduction in transportation and socio-economic and industrial activities following the lockdown measures. This issue can be a solid point to take a step toward controlling and reducing pollution in non-epidemic conditions by implementing similar standards and policies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ali Akbar Jamali
- Department of GIS-RS and Watershed Management, Meybod Branch, Islamic Azad University, Meybod, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Amiri
- Department of Petroleum, Masjed-Soleiman Branch, Islamic Azad University, Masjed-Soleiman, Iran
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Fernández-González M, Ribeiro H, Rodríguez-Rajo FJ, Cruz A, Abreu I. Short-Term Exposure of Dactylis glomerata Pollen to Atmospheric Gaseous Pollutants Is Related to an Increase in IgE Binding in Patients with Grass Pollen Allergies. Plants (Basel) 2022; 12:76. [PMID: 36616204 PMCID: PMC9823458 DOI: 10.3390/plants12010076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The concentrations of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and tropospheric ozone (O3) in urban and industrial site atmospheres are considered key factors associated with pollen-related respiratory allergies. This work studies the effects of NO2 and O3 on the protein expression profile and IgE binding in patients with grass allergies to Dactylis glomerata pollen extracts. Pollens were collected during the flowering season and were exposed to NO2 and O3 in a controlled environmental chamber. The amount of soluble protein was examined using the Bradford method, and the protein expression profile and antigenic properties were analysed using the immunoblotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. Our results showed apparent inter-sera differences concerning the number and intensity of IgE reactivity, with the most prominent at bands of 55 kDa, 35, 33, and 13 kDa. In the 13 kDa band, both gases tend to induce an increase in IgE binding, the band at 33 kDa showed a tendency towards a reduction, particularly pollen exposed to O3. Reactive bands at 55 and 35 kDa presented an increase in the IgE binding pattern for all the patient sera samples exposed to NO2, but the samples exposed to O3 showed an increase in some sera and in others a decrease. Regarding the ELISA results, out of the 21 tested samples, only 9 showed a statistically significant increase in total IgE reactivity after pollen exposure to the pollutants. Our study revealed that although airborne pollen allergens might be affected by air pollution, the possible impacts on allergy symptoms might vary depending on the type of pollutant and the patient's sensitisation profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Fernández-González
- Department of Plant Biology and Soil Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Helena Ribeiro
- Earth Sciences Institute (ICT), Pole of the Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Geosciences, Environment and Spatial Plannings, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Fco. Javier Rodríguez-Rajo
- Department of Plant Biology and Soil Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Ana Cruz
- Clinical Pathology Service, Immunology Laboratory Vila Nova de Gaia Hospitalar Centre, 4434-502 Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
| | - Ilda Abreu
- Earth Sciences Institute (ICT), Pole of the Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
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Tan Z, Lu K, Ma X, Chen S, He L, Huang X, Li X, Lin X, Tang M, Yu D, Wahner A, Zhang Y. Multiple Impacts of Aerosols on O 3 Production Are Largely Compensated: A Case Study Shenzhen, China. Environ Sci Technol 2022; 56:17569-17580. [PMID: 36473087 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c06217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Tropospheric ozone (O3) is a harmful gas compound to humans and vegetation, and it also serves as a climate change forcer. O3 is formed in the reactions of nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) with light. In this study, an O3 pollution episode encountered in Shenzhen, South China in 2018 was investigated to illustrate the influence of aerosols on local O3 production. We used a box model with comprehensive heterogeneous mechanisms and empirical prediction of photolysis rates to reproduce the O3 episode. Results demonstrate that the aerosol light extinction and NO2 heterogeneous reactions showed comparable influence but opposite signs on the O3 production. Hence, the influence of aerosols from different processes is largely counteracted. Sensitivity tests suggest that O3 production increases with further reduction in aerosols in this study, while the continued NOx reduction finally shifts O3 production to an NOx-limited regime with respect to traditional O3-NOx-VOC sensitivity. Our results shed light on the role of NOx reduction on O3 production and highlight further mitigation in NOx not only limiting the production of O3 but also helping to ease particulate nitrate, as a path for cocontrol of O3 and fine particle pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaofeng Tan
- Institute of Energy and Climate Research, IEK-8: Troposphere, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52428Jülich, Germany
- International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, 52428Jülich, Germany
- International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, 100871Beijing, China
| | - Keding Lu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, 100871Beijing, China
- International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, 52428Jülich, Germany
- International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, 100871Beijing, China
| | - Xuefei Ma
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, 100871Beijing, China
- International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, 52428Jülich, Germany
- International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, 100871Beijing, China
| | - Shiyi Chen
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, 100871Beijing, China
- International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, 52428Jülich, Germany
- International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, 100871Beijing, China
| | - Lingyan He
- Key Laboratory for Urban Habitat Environmental Science and Technology, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, 518055Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaofeng Huang
- Key Laboratory for Urban Habitat Environmental Science and Technology, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, 518055Shenzhen, China
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, 100871Beijing, China
- International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, 52428Jülich, Germany
- International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, 100871Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyu Lin
- Key Laboratory for Urban Habitat Environmental Science and Technology, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, 518055Shenzhen, China
| | - Mengxue Tang
- Key Laboratory for Urban Habitat Environmental Science and Technology, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, 518055Shenzhen, China
| | - Dan Yu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, 100871Beijing, China
| | - Andreas Wahner
- Institute of Energy and Climate Research, IEK-8: Troposphere, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52428Jülich, Germany
- International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, 52428Jülich, Germany
- International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, 100871Beijing, China
| | - Yuanhang Zhang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, 100871Beijing, China
- International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, 52428Jülich, Germany
- International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, 100871Beijing, China
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Anbari K, Khaniabadi YO, Sicard P, Naqvi HR, Rashidi R. Increased tropospheric ozone levels as a public health issue during COVID-19 lockdown and estimation the related pulmonary diseases. Atmos Pollut Res 2022; 13:101600. [PMID: 36439075 PMCID: PMC9676228 DOI: 10.1016/j.apr.2022.101600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The aims of this study were to i) investigate the variation of tropospheric ozone (O3) levels during the COVID-19 lockdown; ii) determine the relationships between O3 concentrations with the number of COVID-19 cases; and iii) estimate the O3-related health effects in Southwestern Iran (Khorramabad) over the time period 2019-2021. The hourly O3 data were collected from ground monitoring stations, as well as retrieved from Sentinel-5 satellite data for showing the changes in O3 levels pre, during, and after lockdown period. The concentration-response function model was applied using relative risk (RR) values and baseline incidence (BI) to assess the O3-related health effects. Compared to 2019, the annual O3 mean concentrations increased by 12.2% in 2020 and declined by 3.9% in 2021. The spatiotemporal changes showed a significant O3 increase during COVID-19 lockdown, and a negative correlation between O3 levels and the number of COVID-19 cases was found (r = - 0.59, p < 0.05). In 2020, the number of hospital admissions for cardiovascular diseases increased by 4.0 per 105 cases, the mortality for respiratory diseases increased by 0.7 per 105 cases, and the long-term mortality for respiratory diseases increased by 0.9 per 105 cases. Policy decisions are now required to reduce the surface O3 concentrations and O3-related health effects in Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khatereh Anbari
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Yusef Omidi Khaniabadi
- Occupational and Environmental Health Research Center, Petroleum Industry Health Organization (PIHO), Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Pierre Sicard
- ARGANS, 260 Route Du Pin Montard, 06410, Biot, France
| | - Hasan Raja Naqvi
- Department of Geography, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Rajab Rashidi
- Department of Occupational Health, Nutritional Health Research Center, School of Health and Nutrition, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
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Kogila AV, M K, K PR, Raju BHRK, Tyro D, Bhupathi A. A Comparative Study of Pain and Healing in Post-Dental Extraction Sockets Treated with Ozonated Water/Oil and Normal Saline. J Maxillofac Oral Surg 2022; 21:1119-1125. [PMID: 36896071 PMCID: PMC9989088 DOI: 10.1007/s12663-020-01486-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim A comparative study of pain and healing in post-dental extraction sockets treated with ozonated water/oil and normal saline. Purpose The present study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of ozonated water/oil in reducing pain and enhancing healing and swelling following dental extractions and surgical removal of impacted mandibular third molars. Patients and Methods Clinical trial was conducted involving 50 individuals requiring two-stage bilateral removal of tooth of which 25 patients were for asymptomatic bilateral extractions and 25 patients for surgical removal of asymptomatic bilaterally similar impacted mandibular third molars. The patients were divided into two groups following a split-mouth design: In group I, sterile ozonated water was irrigated in the sockets after extraction for 2 min on study side and normal saline on the control side following extraction. In group II, transalveolar extractions/surgical extraction of impacted mandibular III molars were carried out under copious irrigation with sterile ozonated water on study side and normal saline irrigation on control side evaluated by independent observer on 2nd, 4th and 7th day for the efficacy of ozonated water/oil in reducing pain and enhancing healing in post-dental extraction sockets. Results The use of ozonated water/oil increased the healing rate in all extraction cases, except in 4% of cases in which they did not show any effect of healing in extraction sockets on 7th postoperative day. The use of ozonated water/oil did not show any effects on the healing rate in impaction cases in all postoperative days. The use of ozonated water/oil showed decreased incidence of pain in subjects of both extraction and impaction cases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kishore M
- Vishnu Dental College, Bhimavaram, India
| | | | | | - David Tyro
- Vishnu Dental College, Bhimavaram, India
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Yadav M, Gole VL, Sharma J, Yadav RK. Biologically treated industrial wastewater disinfection using the synergy of low-frequency ultrasound and H 2O 2/O 3. J Environ Health Sci Eng 2022; 20:889-898. [PMID: 36406621 PMCID: PMC9672284 DOI: 10.1007/s40201-022-00829-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Biological wastewater treatment is mostly used in many industries to treat industrial influents. Treated water is consisting of an extremely high concentration of pathogenic microorganisms. Present work demonstrate the treatment of biologically treated sugar industry wastewater (BTSWW) using a low-frequency ultrasound (US). BTWSS consists of Enterobacter, Salmonella, and Escherichia Coli with a total coliform concentration of 2500 ± 300 CFU/mL. Experiments were performed using the individual effect of US, H2O2, and O3 and the combined effect of US with H2O2, O3, and H2O2 + O3. The complete removal of total coliform was obtained for the synergy effect of US with H2O2 and O3. The performance of the process was analyzed based on pseudo-first-order kinetic rate constant and synergy coefficient. The pseudo-first-order kinetic rate constant was 21.6 and 22.3 × 10-2 min-1 with a synergy coefficient of 2 and 1.9 for a combined effect of US with H2O2 and O3, respectively. Another advantage of the synergy of US and O3 was lower requirement of the initial dose of H2O2 (2.1 mM/L). The operational cost of the process was found to be $ 1.5 × 10-2 /MLD. Graphical abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Maharshi Yadav
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology, Gorakhpur, 273010 Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Vitthal L. Gole
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology, Gorakhpur, 273010 Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Jyoti Sharma
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology, Gorakhpur, 273010 Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Rajesh K. Yadav
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology, Gorakhpur, 273010 Uttar Pradesh India
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Chen Z, Liu N, Tang H, Gao X, Zhang Y, Kan H, Deng F, Zhao B, Zeng X, Sun Y, Qian H, Liu W, Mo J, Zheng X, Huang C, Sun C, Zhao Z. Health effects of exposure to sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, ozone, and carbon monoxide between 1980 and 2019: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Indoor Air 2022; 32:e13170. [PMID: 36437665 DOI: 10.1111/ina.13170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The burden of disease attributed to the indoor exposure to sulfur dioxide (SO2 ), nitrogen dioxide (NO2 ), ozone (O3 ), and carbon monoxide (CO) is not clear, and the quantitative concentration-response relationship is a prerequisite. This is a systematic review to summarize the quantitative concentration-response relationships by screening and analyzing the polled effects of population-based epidemiological studies. After collecting literature published between 1980 and 2019, a total of 19 health outcomes in 101 studies with 182 health risk estimates were recruited. By meta-analysis, the leave-one-out sensitivity analysis and Egger's test for publication bias, the robust and reliable effects were found for SO2 (per 10 μg/m3 ) with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD) (pooled relative risks [RRs] 1.016, 95% CI: 1.012-1.021) and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) (RR 1.012, 95%CI: 007-1.018), respectively. NO2 (per 10 μg/m3 ) had the pooled RRs for childhood asthma, preterm birth, lung cancer, diabetes, and COPD by 1.134 (1.084-1.186), 1.079 (1.007-1.157), 1.055 (1.010-1.101), 1.019 (1.009-1.029), and 1.016 (1.012-1.120), respectively. CO (per 1 mg/m3 ) was significantly associated with Parkinson's disease (RR 1.574, 95% CI: 1.069-2.317) and CVD (RR 1.024, 95% CI: 1.011-1.038). No robust effects were observed for O3 . This study provided evidence and basis for further estimation of the health burden attributable to the four gaseous pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoru Chen
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ningrui Liu
- Department of Building Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Tang
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuehuan Gao
- Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, China
| | - Yinping Zhang
- Department of Building Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Haidong Kan
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Furong Deng
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- Department of Building Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangang Zeng
- School of Environment and Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Yuexia Sun
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hua Qian
- School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Institute for Health and Environment, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, China
| | - Jinhan Mo
- Department of Building Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohong Zheng
- School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chen Huang
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Chanjuan Sun
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhuohui Zhao
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Typhoon Institute/CMA, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Meteorology and Health, IRDR International Center of Excellence on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather/Climate Extremes Impact and Public Health, WMO/IGAC MAP-AQ Asian Office Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Naaz S, Rai R, Adhikari D, Kannaujia R, Jamal R, Ansari MA, Ansari I, Pandey V, Barik SK. Bioclimatic modeling and FACE study forecast a bleak future for wheat production in India. Environ Monit Assess 2022; 195:48. [PMID: 36315361 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10551-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Since the impact of future climate change on wheat productivity is inconsistent, we studied geographic distribution and yield of wheat using two global General Circulation Models (GCMs) and Free Air CO2/O3 Enrichment (FACE) experiments. The GCMs (IPSL-CM5A-LR and NIMR-HADGEM2-AO) with four Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) and 19 bioclimatic variables were used for distribution/ecological niche modeling (ENM). Currently cultivated eight wheat cultivars were exposed to individual treatment of (i) ambient CO2, temperature, and ozone (ACO + AO + AT) representing the present climate scenario, and (ii) elevated CO2 (550 ppm) (ECO), (iii) elevated temperature (+ 2 °C) (ET), (iv) elevated O3 (ambient + 20 ppb) (EO), (v) elevated CO2 + elevated O3 (ECO + EO), and (vi) elevated CO2 + elevated temperature + elevated O3 (ECO + EO + ET) under FACE facility simulating the future climate change scenarios in 2050. The niche models predicted a reduction in climatically suitable areas for wheat, and identified "maximum temperature" as the most influencing factor for area reduction. The elevated CO2, O3, and temperature individually and in combinations had differential impacts on the yield of wheat cultivars. Only two cultivars, viz., DBW 184 and DBW 187 did not exhibit yield decline suggesting their suitability in the future climate change scenario. Since the performance of six out of eight cultivars significantly declined under simulated FACE experiment, and ENM predicted reduction in wheat cultivation area under RCP 8.5 in 2050, it was concluded that future of wheat cultivation in India is bleak. The study further indicates that coupling of bioclimatic modeling and FACE experiment can effectively predict the impact of climate change on different crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharfa Naaz
- Plant Ecology and Climate Change Science Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Department of Botany, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, India
| | - Richa Rai
- Plant Ecology and Climate Change Science Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Dibyendu Adhikari
- Plant Ecology and Climate Change Science Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rekha Kannaujia
- Plant Ecology and Climate Change Science Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rushna Jamal
- Plant Ecology and Climate Change Science Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - M A Ansari
- Plant Ecology and Climate Change Science Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Israil Ansari
- Department of Botany, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, India
| | - Vivek Pandey
- Plant Ecology and Climate Change Science Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - S K Barik
- Plant Ecology and Climate Change Science Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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36
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Russ T, Hu Z, Li L, Zhou L, Liu H, Weimar U, Barsan N. In Operando Investigation of the Concentration Dependent NO 2 Sensing Mechanism of Bi 2S 3 Nanorods at Low Temperatures and the Interference of O 3. ACS Sens 2022; 7:3023-3031. [PMID: 36200992 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c01319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The demand for gas sensors that can detect gases selectively at low temperatures has increased steadily over recent years. Most devices use semiconducting metal oxides as sensing materials which often require high operation temperatures and suffer from a lack of selectivity. Semiconducting metal sulfides were found to be a reasonable alternative for the application in sensing devices at low temperatures. Since metal sulfides are a relatively new class of materials applied in gas sensors, there is little work on sensing mechanisms and overall sensing characteristics of these materials. In this work, the authors investigated the sensing performance of Bi2S3 nanorods operated at 50 °C in the presence of several target gases and found a selective response to oxidizing gases. With the help of DC resistance measurements, diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy and work function measurements in a Kelvin Probe setup, the NO2 and O3 sensing mechanisms of Bi2S3 nanorods were revealed. While initially sulfur vacancies were the predominant reaction sites, the formation of nitrates became the key reaction in higher NO2 concentrations. Additionally, it was found that the reaction with O3 healed sulfur vacancies effectively inhibiting the reaction with NO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Russ
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry (IPTC) and Center of Light-Matter Interaction, Sensors and Analytics (LISA+), University of Tuebingen, D-72076Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Zhixiang Hu
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan430074, P. R. China
| | - Long Li
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan430074, P. R. China
| | - Licheng Zhou
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan430074, P. R. China
| | - Huan Liu
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan430074, P. R. China
| | - Udo Weimar
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry (IPTC) and Center of Light-Matter Interaction, Sensors and Analytics (LISA+), University of Tuebingen, D-72076Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Nicolae Barsan
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry (IPTC) and Center of Light-Matter Interaction, Sensors and Analytics (LISA+), University of Tuebingen, D-72076Tuebingen, Germany
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37
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Chen W, Duanmu L, Qin Y, Yang H, Fu J, Lu C, Feng W, Guo L. Lockdown-induced Urban Aerosol Change over Changchun, China During COVID-19 Outbreak with Polarization LiDAR. Chin Geogr Sci 2022; 32:824-833. [PMID: 36091644 PMCID: PMC9446648 DOI: 10.1007/s11769-022-1303-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Depending on various government policies, COVID-19 (Corona Virus Disease-19) lockdowns have had diverse impacts on global aerosol concentrations. In 2022, Changchun, a provincial capital city in Northeast China, suffered a severe COVID-19 outbreak and implemented a very strict lockdown that lasted for nearly two months. Using ground-based polarization Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR), we detected real-time aerosol profile parameters (EC, extinction coefficient; DR, depolarization ratio; AOD, aerosol optical depth), as well as air-quality and meteorological indexes from 1 March to 30 April in 2021 and 2022 to quantify the effects of lockdown on aerosol concentrations. The period in 2022 was divided into three stages: pre-lockdown (1-10 March), strict lockdown (11 March to 10 April), and partial lockdown (11-30 April). The results showed that, during the strict lockdown period, compared with the pre-lockdown period, there were substantial reductions in aerosol parameters (EC and AOD), and this was consistent with the concentrations of the atmospheric pollutants PM2.5 (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 µm) and PM10 (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter ≤ 10 µm), and the O3 concentration increased by 8.3%. During the strict lockdown, the values of EC within 0-1 km and AOD decreased by 16.0% and 11.2%, respectively, as compared to the corresponding period in 2021. Lockdown reduced the conventional and organized emissions of air pollutants, and it clearly delayed the time of seasonal emissions from agricultural burning; however, it did not decrease the number of farmland fire points. Considering meteorological factors and eliminating the influence of wind-blown dust events, the results showed that reductions from conventional organized emission sources during the strict lockdown contributed to a 30% air-quality improvement and a 22% reduction in near-surface extinction (0-2 km). Aerosols produced by urban epidemic prevention and disinfection can also be identified using the EC. Regarding seasonal sources of agricultural straw burning, the concentrated burning induced by the epidemic led to the occurrence of heavy pollution from increased amounts of atmospheric aerosols, with a contribution rate of 62%. These results indicate that there is great potential to further improve air quality in the local area, and suggest that the comprehensive use of straw accompanied by reasonable planned burning is the best way to achieve this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102 China
| | - Lingjian Duanmu
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102 China
- College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130022 China
| | - Yang Qin
- Jilin Provincial Ecological Environment Monitoring Center, Changchun, 130012 China
| | - Hongwu Yang
- Hongke Photonics Company, Liaoyuan, 136200 China
| | - Jing Fu
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102 China
| | - Chengwei Lu
- The Department of Ophthalmology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021 China
| | - Wei Feng
- Key Lab of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021 China
| | - Li Guo
- College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130022 China
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Bi Z, Ye Z, He C, Li Y. Analysis of the meteorological factors affecting the short-term increase in O 3 concentrations in nine global cities during COVID-19. Atmos Pollut Res 2022; 13:101523. [PMID: 35996529 PMCID: PMC9385202 DOI: 10.1016/j.apr.2022.101523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Surface ozone (O3) is a major air pollutant around the world. This study investigated O3 concentrations in nine cities during the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) lockdown phases. A statistical model, named Generalized Additive Model (GAM), was also developed to assess different meteorological factors, estimate daily O3 release during COVID-19 lockdown and determine the relationship between the two. We found that: (1) Daily O3 significantly increased in all selected cities during the COVID-19 lockdown, presenting relative increases from -5.7% (in São Paulo) to 58.9% (in Guangzhou), with respect to the average value for the same period in the previous five years. (2) In the GAM model, the adjusted coefficient of determination (R2) ranged from 0.48 (Sao Paulo) to 0.84 (Rome), and it captured 51-85% of daily O3 variations. (3) Analyzing the expected O3 concentrations during the lockdown, using GAM fed by meteorological data, showed that O3 anomalies were dominantly controlled by meteorology. (4) The relevance of different meteorological variables depended on the cities. The positive O3 anomalies in Beijing, Wuhan, Guangzhou, and Delhi were mostly associated with low relative humidity and elevated maximum temperature. Low wind speed, elevated maximum temperature, and low relative humidity were the leading meteorological factors for O3 anomalies in London, Paris, and Rome. The two other cities had different leading factor combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongsong Bi
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
- School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Huangshan University, Huangshan, 245041, China
| | - Zhixiang Ye
- School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Chao He
- College of Resources and Environment, Yangtze University, Wuhan, 430100, China
| | - Yunzhang Li
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
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Zoran MA, Savastru RS, Savastru DM, Tautan MN. Impacts of exposure to air pollution, radon and climate drivers on the COVID-19 pandemic in Bucharest, Romania: A time series study. Environ Res 2022; 212:113437. [PMID: 35594963 PMCID: PMC9113773 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
During the ongoing global COVID-19 pandemic disease, like several countries, Romania experienced a multiwaves pattern over more than two years. The spreading pattern of SARS-CoV-2 pathogens in the Bucharest, capital of Romania is a multi-factorial process involving among other factors outdoor environmental variables and viral inactivation. Through descriptive statistics and cross-correlation analysis applied to daily time series of observational and geospatial data, this study aims to evaluate the synergy of COVID-19 incidence and lethality with air pollution and radon under different climate conditions, which may exacerbate the coronavirus' effect on human health. During the entire analyzed period 1 January 2020-21 December 2021, for each of the four COVID-19 waves were recorded different anomalous anticyclonic synoptic meteorological patterns in the mid-troposphere, and favorable stability conditions during fall-early winter seasons for COVID-19 disease fast-spreading, mostly during the second, and the fourth waves. As the temporal pattern of airborne SARS-CoV-2 and its mutagen variants is affected by seasonal variability of the main air pollutants and climate parameters, this paper found: 1) the daily outdoor exposures to air pollutants (particulate matter PM2.5 and PM10, nitrogen dioxide-NO2, sulfur dioxide-SO2, carbon monoxide-CO) and radon - 222Rn, are directly correlated with the daily COVID-19 incidence and mortality, and may contribute to the spread and the severity of the pandemic; 2) the daily ground ozone-O3 levels, air temperature, Planetary Boundary Layer height, and surface solar irradiance are anticorrelated with the daily new COVID-19 incidence and deaths, averageingful for spring-summer periods. Outdoor exposure to ambient air pollution associated with radon is a non-negligible driver of COVID-19 transmission in large metropolitan areas, and climate variables are risk factors in spreading the viral infection. The findings of this study provide useful information for public health authorities and decision-makers to develop future pandemic diseases strategies in high polluted metropolitan environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Zoran
- National Institute of R&D for Optoelectronics, Bucharest, Magurele, Romania.
| | - Roxana S Savastru
- National Institute of R&D for Optoelectronics, Bucharest, Magurele, Romania
| | - Dan M Savastru
- National Institute of R&D for Optoelectronics, Bucharest, Magurele, Romania
| | - Marina N Tautan
- National Institute of R&D for Optoelectronics, Bucharest, Magurele, Romania
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Witkowski H, Jackiewicz-Rek W, Jarosławski J, Chilmon K, Szkop A. Ozone Formation during Photocatalytic Oxidation of Nitric Oxides under UV Irradiation with the Use of Commercial TiO 2 Photocatalytic Powders. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:ma15175905. [PMID: 36079287 PMCID: PMC9457229 DOI: 10.3390/ma15175905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The application of photocatalytic materials has been intensively researched in recent decades. The process of nitric oxide (NO) oxidation during photocatalysis has been observed to result in the formation of nitric dioxide (NO2). This is a significant factor of the photocatalysis process, as NO2 is more toxic than NO. However, it has been reported that ozone (O3) is also formed during the photocatalytic reaction. This study analyzed the formation and oxidationof O3 during the photocatalytic oxidation of NO under ultraviolet irradiation using commercial photocatalytic powders: AEROXIDE® TiO2 P25 by Evonik, KRONOClean® 7050 by KRONOS®, and KRONOClean® 7000 by KRONOS®. An NO concentration of 100 ppb was assumed in laboratory tests based on the average nitric oxide concentrations recorded by the monitoring station in Warsaw. A mix flow-type reactor was applied in the study, and the appropriateness of its application was verified using a numerical model. The developed model assumed an empty reactor without a photocatalytic material, as well as a reactor with a photocatalytic material at its bottom to verify the gas flow in the chamber. The analysis of the air purification performance of photocatalytic powders indicated a significant reduction of NO and NOx and typical NO2 formation. However, no significant formation of O3 was observed. This observation was verified by the oxidation of pure ozone in the process of photocatalysis. The results indicated the oxidation of ozone concentration during the photocatalytic reaction, but self-decomposition of a significant amount of the gas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hubert Witkowski
- Faculty of Civil Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, 00-637 Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Janusz Jarosławski
- Institute of Geophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 01-452 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Karol Chilmon
- Faculty of Civil Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, 00-637 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Artur Szkop
- Institute of Geophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 01-452 Warsaw, Poland
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Sui N, Wei X, Cao S, Zhang P, Zhou T, Zhang T. Nanoscale Bimetallic AuPt-Functionalized Metal Oxide Chemiresistors: Ppb-Level and Selective Detection for Ozone and Acetone. ACS Sens 2022; 7:2178-2187. [PMID: 35901277 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c00214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
As the most widely used gas sensors, metal oxide semiconductor (MOS)-based chemiresistors have been facing great challenges in achieving ppb-level and selective detection of the target gas. The rational design and employment of bimetallic nanocatalysts (NCs) are expected to address this issue. In this work, the well-shaped and monodispersed AuPt NCs (diameter ≈ 9 nm) were functionalized on one-dimensional (1D) In2O3 nanofibers (NFs) to construct efficient gas sensors. The sensor demonstrated dual-selective and ppb-level detection for ozone (O3) and acetone (C3H6O) at different optimal working temperatures. For the possible application exploitation, a circuit was designed to monitor O3 concentration and provide warnings when the concentration safety limit (50 ppb) was exceeded. Moreover, simulated exhaled breath measurements were also carried out to diagnose diabetes through C3H6O concentration. The selective detection for O3 and C3H6O was further analyzed by principal component analysis (PCA). The drastically enhanced sensing performances were attributed to the synergistic catalytic effect of AuPt NCs. Both the "spillover effect" and the Schottky barrier at the interfaces of AuPt NCs and In2O3 NFs promoted the sensing processes of O3 and C3H6O.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Sui
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Shuang Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Peng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Tingting Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Tong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
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Sun P, Xu W, Zhao X, Zhang C, Lin X, Gong M, Fu Z. Ozone induces autophagy by activating PPARγ/mTOR in rat chondrocytes treated with IL-1β. J Orthop Surg Res 2022; 17:351. [PMID: 35842709 PMCID: PMC9287877 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-022-03233-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Osteoarthritis (OA) is the main cause of older pain and disability. Intra-articular injections of ozone (O3) commonly have been found to have antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects to reduce pain and improve function in knee osteoarthritis. It has been reported that reduced autophagy in chondrocytes plays an important role in the development of OA. This study aimed to probe the role of O3 on the autophagy in chondrocytes treated with IL-1β. Methods Primary chondrocytes were isolated from Wistar rats cartilage within 3 days. The OA chondrocytes model was induced via treatment with IL-1β for 24 h. Then the cells were treated with O3 and GW9662, the inhibitor of PPARγ. Cell viability was assessed by CCK-8. Further, the cells subjected to Western blot analysis, qRT-PCR and immunofluorescence assay. The numbers of autophagosomes were observed via transmission electron microscopy. Results 30 μg/ml O3 improved the viability of chondrocytes treated with IL-1β. The decreased level of autophagy proteins and the numbers of autophagosomes improved in IL-1β-treated chondrocytes with O3 via activating PPARγ/mTOR. In addition, the qRT-PCR results showed that O3 decreased the levels of IL-6, TNF-α and MMP-3, MMP-13 in chondrocytes treated with IL-1β. Conclusions 30 μg/ml O3 improved autophagy via activating PPARγ/mTOR signaling and suppressing inflammation in chondrocytes treated with IL-1β.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Sun
- Department of Pain Management, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250033, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pain Management, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, People's Republic of China
| | - Weicheng Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, People's Republic of China
| | - Cong Zhang
- Department of Pain Management, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaowen Lin
- Department of Pain Management, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, People's Republic of China
| | - Moxuan Gong
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250033, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhijian Fu
- Department of Pain Management, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Pain Management, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, People's Republic of China.
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Carlsen HK, Haga SL, Olsson D, Behndig AF, Modig L, Meister K, Forsberg B, Olin AC. Birch pollen, air pollution and their interactive effects on airway symptoms and peak expiratory flow in allergic asthma during pollen season - a panel study in Northern and Southern Sweden. Environ Health 2022; 21:63. [PMID: 35794604 PMCID: PMC9258213 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-022-00871-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence of the role of interactions between air pollution and pollen exposure in subjects with allergic asthma is limited and need further exploration to promote adequate preventive measures. The objective of this study was to assess effects of exposure to ambient air pollution and birch pollen on exacerbation of respiratory symptoms in subjects with asthma and allergy to birch. METHODS Thirty-seven subjects from two Swedish cities (Gothenburg and Umeå) with large variation in exposure to both birch-pollen and air pollutants, participated in the study. All subjects had confirmed allergy to birch and self-reported physician-diagnosed asthma. The subjects recorded respiratory symptoms such as rhinitis or eye irritation, dry cough, dyspnoea, the use of any asthma or allergy medication and peak respiratory flow (PEF), daily for five consecutive weeks during two separate pollen seasons and a control season without pollen. Nitrogen oxides (NOx), ozone (O3), particulate matter (PM2.5), birch pollen counts, and meteorological data were obtained from an urban background monitoring stations in the study city centres. The data were analysed using linear mixed effects models. RESULTS During pollen seasons all symptoms and medication use were higher, and PEF was reduced in the subjects. In regression analysis, exposure to pollen at lags 0 to 2 days, and lags 0 to 6 days was associated with increased ORs of symptoms and decreased RRs for PEF. Pollen and air pollution interacted in some cases; during low pollen exposure, there were no associations between air pollution and symptoms, but during high pollen exposure, O3 concentrations were associated with increased OR of rhinitis or eye irritation, and PM2.5 concentrations were associated with increased ORs of rhinitis or eye irritation, dyspnea and increased use of allergy medication. CONCLUSIONS Pollen and air pollutants interacted to increase the effect of air pollution on respiratory symptoms in allergic asthma. Implementing the results from this study, advisories for individuals with allergic asthma could be improved, minimizing the morbidities associated with the condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanne Krage Carlsen
- Section of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 16A, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Susanna Lohman Haga
- Section of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 16A, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - David Olsson
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University Hospital, Sustainable Health, Umeå University, Building 1A, 4st, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Annelie F Behndig
- Section of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University Hospital, Umeå University, Building 1A, 4st, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Lars Modig
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University Hospital, Sustainable Health, Umeå University, Building 1A, 4st, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Kadri Meister
- Department of Statistics, USBE, Social Sciences Building Level 2 (ground floor), Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Bertil Forsberg
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University Hospital, Sustainable Health, Umeå University, Building 1A, 4st, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anna-Carin Olin
- Section of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 16A, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
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Lin GY, Chen WY, Chieh SH, Yang YT. Chang impact analysis of level 3 COVID-19 alert on air pollution indicators using artificial neural network. ECOL INFORM 2022; 69:101674. [PMID: 36568861 PMCID: PMC9760264 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoinf.2022.101674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
In this study, mean monthly and diurnal variations in fine particulate matters (PM2.5), nitrate, sulfate, and gaseous precursors were investigated during the Level 3 COVID-19 alert from May 19 to July 27 in 2021. For comparison, the historical data during the identical period in 2019 and 2020 were also provided to determine the effect of the Level 3 COVID-19 alert on aerosols and gaseous pollutants concentrations in Taichung City. A machine learning model using the artificial neural network technique coupled with a kinetic model was applied to predict NOx, O3, nitrate (NO3 -), and sulfate (SO4 2-) to investigate potential emission sources and chemical reaction mechanism. D during the Level 3 COVID-19 alert, a decrease in NOx concentration due to a decrease in traffic flow under the NOx-saturated regime was observed to enhance the secondary NO3 - and O3 formation. The present models were shown to predict 80.1, 77.0, 72.6, and 67.2% concentrations of NOx, O3, NO3 -, and SO4 2-, respectively, which could help decision-makers for pollutant emissions reduction policies development and air pollution control strategies. It is recommended that more long-term datasets, including water soluble inorganic salts (WIS), precursors including OH radicals, NH3, HNO3, and H2SO4, be provided by regulatory air quality monitoring stations to further improve the prediction model accuracy.
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Liu Z, Lei Y, Xue W, Liu X, Jiang Y, Shi X, Zheng Y, Zhang Q, Wang J. Mitigating China's Ozone Pollution with More Balanced Health Benefits. Environ Sci Technol 2022; 56:7647-7656. [PMID: 35587991 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c00114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
China is confronting the challenge of opposite health benefits (OHBs) during ambient ozone (O3) mitigation because the same reduction scheme might yield opposite impacts on O3 levels and associated public health across different regions. Here, we used a combination of chemical transport modeling, health benefit assessments, and machine learning to capture such OHBs and optimize O3 mitigation pathways based on 121 control scenarios. We revealed that, for the China mainland, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and its surroundings ("2 + 26" cities), Yangtze River Delta, and Pearl River Delta, there could be at most 2897, 920, 1247, and 896 additional O3-related deaths in urban areas, respectively, accompanying 21,512, 3442, 5614, and 642 avoided O3-related deaths in rural areas, respectively, at the same control stage. Additionally, potential disbenefits during O3 mitigation were "pro-wealthy", that is, residents in developed regions are more likely to afford additional health risks. In order to avoid OHBs during O3 abatement, we proposed a two-phase control strategy, whereby the reduction ratio of NOX (nitrogen oxide) to VOCs (volatile organic compounds) was adjusted according to health benefit distribution patterns. Our study provided novel insights into China's O3 attainment and references for other countries facing the dual challenges of environmental pollution and associated inequality issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyuan Liu
- College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yu Lei
- Center of Air Quality Simulation and System Analysis, Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Wenbo Xue
- Center of Air Quality Simulation and System Analysis, Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning, Beijing 100012, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Planning and Policy Simulation, Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Center of Air Quality Simulation and System Analysis, Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Yueqi Jiang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xurong Shi
- Center of Air Quality Simulation and System Analysis, Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Yixuan Zheng
- Center of Air Quality Simulation and System Analysis, Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Qingyu Zhang
- College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jinnan Wang
- College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Planning and Policy Simulation, Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning, Beijing 100012, China
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Wang P, Zhu S, Vrekoussis M, Brasseur GP, Wang S, Zhang H. Is atmospheric oxidation capacity better in indicating tropospheric O 3 formation? Front Environ Sci Eng 2022; 16:65. [PMID: 35693985 PMCID: PMC9170499 DOI: 10.1007/s11783-022-1544-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Tropospheric ozone (O3) concentration is increasing in China along with dramatic changes in precursor emissions and meteorological conditions, adversely affecting human health and ecosystems. O3 is formed from the complex nonlinear photochemical reactions from nitrogen oxides (NO x = NO + NO2) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Although the mechanism of O3 formation is rather clear, describing and analyzing its changes and formation potential at fine spatial and temporal resolution is still a challenge today. In this study, we briefly summarized and evaluated different approaches that indicate O3 formation regimes. We identify that atmospheric oxidation capacity (AOC) is a better indicator of photochemical reactions leading to the formation of O3 and other secondary pollutants. Results show that AOC has a prominent positive relationship to O3 in the major city clusters in China, with a goodness of fit (R 2) up to 0.6. This outcome provides a novel perspective in characterizing O3 formation and has significant implications for formulating control strategies of secondary pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438 China
- IRDR ICoE on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather/Climate Extremes Impact and Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438 China
| | - Shengqiang Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438 China
| | - Mihalis Vrekoussis
- Institute of Environmental Physics, University of Bremen, Bremen, D-28359 Germany
- Climate and Atmosphere Research Center (CARE-C), the Cyprus Institute, Nicosia, 27456 Cyprus
| | - Guy P. Brasseur
- Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, 20146 Germany
- National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO 80307 USA
| | - Shuxiao Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing, 100084 China
| | - Hongliang Zhang
- IRDR ICoE on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather/Climate Extremes Impact and Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438 China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438 China
- Institute of Eco-Chongming (IEC), Shanghai, 202162 China
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Shanableh A, Al-Ruzouq R, Hamad K, Gibril MBA, Khalil MA, Khalifa I, El Traboulsi Y, Pradhan B, Jena R, Alani S, Alhosani M, Stietiya MH, Al Bardan M, Al-Mansoori S. Effects of the COVID-19 lockdown and recovery on People's mobility and air quality in the United Arab Emirates using satellite and ground observations. Remote Sens Appl 2022; 26:100757. [PMID: 36281297 PMCID: PMC9581513 DOI: 10.1016/j.rsase.2022.100757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The stringent COVID-19 lockdown measures in 2020 significantly impacted people's mobility and air quality worldwide. This study presents an assessment of the impacts of the lockdown and the subsequent reopening on air quality and people's mobility in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Google's community mobility reports and UAE's government lockdown measures were used to assess the changes in the mobility patterns. Time-series and statistical analyses of various air pollutants levels (NO2, O3, SO2, PM10, and aerosol optical depth-AOD) obtained from satellite images and ground monitoring stations were used to assess air quality. The levels of pollutants during the initial lockdown (March to June 2020) and the subsequent gradual reopening in 2020 and 2021 were compared with their average levels during 2015-2019. During the lockdown, people's mobility in the workplace, parks, shops and pharmacies, transit stations, and retail and recreation sectors decreased by about 34%-79%. However, the mobility in the residential sector increased by up to 29%. The satellite-based data indicated significant reductions in NO2 (up to 22%), SO2 (up to 17%), and AOD (up to 40%) with small changes in O3 (up to 5%) during the lockdown. Similarly, data from the ground monitoring stations showed significant reductions in NO2 (49% - 57%) and PM10 (19% - 64%); however, the SO2 and O3 levels showed inconsistent trends. The ground and satellite-based air quality levels were positively correlated for NO2, PM10, and AOD. The data also demonstrated significant correlations between the mobility and NO2 and AOD levels during the lockdown and recovery periods. The study documents the impacts of the lockdown on people's mobility and air quality and provides useful data and analyses for researchers, planners, and policymakers relevant to managing risk, mobility, and air quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdallah Shanableh
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates
- GIS & Remote Sensing Center, Research Institute of Sciences and Engineering, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rami Al-Ruzouq
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates
- GIS & Remote Sensing Center, Research Institute of Sciences and Engineering, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Khaled Hamad
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohamed Barakat A Gibril
- GIS & Remote Sensing Center, Research Institute of Sciences and Engineering, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohamad Ali Khalil
- GIS & Remote Sensing Center, Research Institute of Sciences and Engineering, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Inas Khalifa
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Yahya El Traboulsi
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Biswajeet Pradhan
- Centre for Advanced Modelling and Geospatial Information Systems (CAMGIS), School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Earth Observation Center, Institute of Climate Change, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, UKM, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ratiranjan Jena
- GIS & Remote Sensing Center, Research Institute of Sciences and Engineering, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sama Alani
- Department of Civil Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main St W, Hamilton, ON, Canada, L8S 4L8
| | - Mohamad Alhosani
- Division of Consultancy, Research & Innovation (CRI), Sharjah Environment Company-Bee'ah, Sharjah, 20248, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohammed Hashem Stietiya
- Division of Consultancy, Research & Innovation (CRI), Sharjah Environment Company-Bee'ah, Sharjah, 20248, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mayyada Al Bardan
- Sharjah Electricity and Water Authority, Sharjah, 135, United Arab Emirates
| | - Saeed Al-Mansoori
- Applications Development and Analysis Section (ADAS), Mohammed Bin Rashid Space Centre (MBRSC), Dubai, 211833, United Arab Emirates
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Ding S, Sun S, Ding R, Song S, Cao Y, Zhang L. Association between exposure to air pollutants and the risk of inflammatory bowel diseases visits. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:17645-17654. [PMID: 34669131 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17009-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The topic of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has attracted more and more attention. Accumulating evidence suggests that exposure to air pollutants is associated with IBD, yet the results are inconsistent and study about daily exposure is few. This study evaluated the association between daily air pollution and IBD in Hefei, China. Daily IBD admission data were obtained from two hospitals in Hefei from January 1, 2019, to December 31, 2019. Daily concentrations of major air pollutants were provided by the Hefei Environmental Protection Bureau. Meteorological data were collected from China Meteorological Data Network. Distributed lag nonlinear model (DLNM) considering both the lag effects of exposure factors and nonlinear relationship of exposure-reaction was used to assess the effect of daily air pollutants exposure on IBD admission. During the study period, totally 886 cases of IBD were recruited, including 313 cases of ulcerative colitis (UC) and 573 cases of Crohn's disease (CD). The findings showed PM2.5, O3, and CO exposure significantly increased the risk of IBD. Mean concentrations of PM2.5, O3, and CO in Hefei were 43.85ug/m3, 100.78ug/m3, and 0.76 mg/m3, respectively. Each increase of 10 mg/m3 in PM2.5/O3 and 0.1 mg/m3 in CO increased the risk of IBD. The strongest effects of these three pollutants on IBD were observed in lag2-lag3 (RR = 1.037, 95% CI: 1.005-1.070%), lag3 (RR = 1.020, 95% CI: 1.002-1.038%), and lag2 (RR = 1.036, 95% CI: 1.003-1.071%), respectively. In warm seasons, PM2.5, O3, and CO had a stronger effect increased the risk of IBD, which were observed in lag2 (RR = 1.104, 95% CI: 1.032-1.181%), lag2 and lag5 (RR = 1.023, 95% CI: 1.002-1.044%; RR = 1.036, 95% CI: 1.004-1.069%), and lag2 (RR = 1.071, 95% CI: 1.012-1.133%), respectively. Air pollutant (PM2.5, O3, and CO) exposure could increase the risk of IBD, while the most susceptibility seasons for the exposure were mainly in warm seasons. The results of this study suggest that air pollutants increase the risk of IBD patients in Hefei, China, providing a basis for developing countries to improve effective prevention of IBD, and a potential opportunity to avoid part of the risk of the onset or recurrence of IBD. This study contributes to the knowledge of the association between air pollution and IBD, but the associations need to be verified by further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siwen Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology, School of the Second Clinical Medical, Anhui Medical University, 15 Furong Road, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Shu Sun
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Rui Ding
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Shasha Song
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 678 Furong Road, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Yi Cao
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Public Health, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Lijiu Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 678 Furong Road, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China.
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Gorrochategui E, Hernandez I, Pérez-Gabucio E, Lacorte S, Tauler R. Temporal air quality (NO 2, O 3, and PM 10) changes in urban and rural stations in Catalonia during COVID-19 lockdown: an association with human mobility and satellite data. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:18905-18922. [PMID: 34705210 PMCID: PMC8549430 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17137-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, changes in air quality by NO2, O3, and PM10 in Barcelona metropolitan area and other parts of Catalonia during the COVID-19 lockdown with respect to pre-lockdown and to previous years (2018 and 2019) were evaluated. Selected air monitoring stations included 3 urban (Gràcia, Vall d'Hebron, and Granollers), 1 control site (Fabra Observatory), 1 semi-urban (Manlleu), and 3 rural (Begur, Bellver de Cerdanya, and Juneda). NO2 lockdown levels showed a diminution, which in relative terms was maximum in two rural stations (Bellver de Cerdanya, - 63% and Begur, - 61%), presumably due to lower emissions from the ceasing hotel and ski resort activities during eastern holidays. In absolute terms and from an epidemiologic perspective, decrease in NO2, also reinforced by the high amount of rainfall registered in April 2020, was more relevant in the urban stations around Barcelona. O3 levels increased in the transited urban stations (Gràcia, + 42%, and Granollers, + 64%) due to the lower titration effect by NOx. PM10 lockdown levels decreased, mostly in Gràcia, Vall d'Hebron, and Granollers (- 35, - 39%, and - 39%, respectively) due to traffic depletion (- 90% in Barcelona's transport). Correlation among mobility index in Barcelona (- 100% in retail and recreation) and contamination was positive for NO2 and PM10 and negative for O3 (P < 0.001). Satellite images evidenced two hotspots of NO2 in Spain (Madrid and Barcelona) in April 2018 and 2019 that disappeared in 2020. Overall, the benefits of lockdown on air quality in Catalonia were evidenced with NO2, O3 and PM10 levels below WHOAQG values in most of stations opposed to the excess registered in previous years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Gorrochategui
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 08034, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Isabel Hernandez
- Direcció General de Qualitat Ambiental I Canvi Climàtic, Generalitat de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eva Pérez-Gabucio
- Direcció General de Qualitat Ambiental I Canvi Climàtic, Generalitat de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sílvia Lacorte
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Romà Tauler
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 08034, Barcelona, Spain
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Chen H, Zhang S, Shen W, Salazar C, Schneider A, Wyatt LH, Rappold AG, Diaz-Sanchez D, Devlin RB, Samet JM, Tong H. Omega-3 fatty acids attenuate cardiovascular effects of short-term exposure to ambient air pollution. Part Fibre Toxicol 2022; 19:12. [PMID: 35139860 PMCID: PMC8826673 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-022-00451-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Exposure to air pollution is associated with elevated cardiovascular risk. Evidence shows that omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (omega-3 PUFA) may attenuate the adverse cardiovascular effects of exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5). However, it is unclear whether habitual dietary intake of omega-3 PUFA protects against the cardiovascular effects of short-term exposure to low-level ambient air pollution in healthy participants. In the present study, sixty-two adults with low or high dietary omega-3 PUFA intake were enrolled. Blood lipids, markers of vascular inflammation, coagulation and fibrinolysis, and heart rate variability (HRV) and repolarization were repeatedly assessed in 5 sessions separated by at least 7 days. This study was carried out in the Research Triangle area of North Carolina, USA between October 2016 and September 2019. Daily PM2.5 and maximum 8-h ozone (O3) concentrations were obtained from nearby air quality monitoring stations. Linear mixed-effects models were used to assess the associations between air pollutant concentrations and cardiovascular responses stratified by the omega-3 intake levels.
Results The average concentrations of ambient PM2.5 and O3 were well below the U.S. National Ambient Air Quality Standards during the study period. Significant associations between exposure to PM2.5 and changes in total cholesterol, von Willebrand factor (vWF), tissue plasminogen activator, D-dimer, and very-low frequency HRV were observed in the low omega-3 group, but not in the high group. Similarly, O3-associated adverse changes in cardiovascular biomarkers (total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, serum amyloid A, soluable intracellular adhesion molecule 1, and vWF) were mainly observed in the low omega-3 group. Lag-time-dependent biphasic changes were observed for some biomarkers. Conclusions This study demonstrates associations between short-term exposure to PM2.5 and O3, at concentrations below regulatory standard, and subclinical cardiovascular responses, and that dietary omega-3 PUFA consumption may provide protection against such cardiovascular effects in healthy adults. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12989-022-00451-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science Education, Oak Ridge, TN, USA.
| | - Siqi Zhang
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Wan Shen
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science Education, Oak Ridge, TN, USA.,Department of Public and Allied Health, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, USA
| | - Claudia Salazar
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 104 Mason Farm Rd, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514, USA
| | | | - Lauren H Wyatt
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 104 Mason Farm Rd, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514, USA
| | - Ana G Rappold
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 104 Mason Farm Rd, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514, USA
| | - David Diaz-Sanchez
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 104 Mason Farm Rd, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514, USA
| | - Robert B Devlin
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 104 Mason Farm Rd, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514, USA
| | - James M Samet
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 104 Mason Farm Rd, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514, USA
| | - Haiyan Tong
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 104 Mason Farm Rd, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514, USA.
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