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He J, Tang M, Zhong F, Deng J, Li W, Zhang L, Lin Q, Xia X, Li J, Guo T. Current trends and possibilities of typical microbial protein production approaches: a review. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2024:1-18. [PMID: 38566484 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2024.2332927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Global population growth and demographic restructuring are driving the food and agriculture sectors to provide greater quantities and varieties of food, of which protein resources are particularly important. Traditional animal-source proteins are becoming increasingly difficult to meet the demand of the current consumer market, and the search for alternative protein sources is urgent. Microbial proteins are biomass obtained from nonpathogenic single-celled organisms, such as bacteria, fungi, and microalgae. They contain large amounts of proteins and essential amino acids as well as a variety of other nutritive substances, which are considered to be promising sustainable alternatives to traditional proteins. In this review, typical approaches to microbial protein synthesis processes were highlighted and the characteristics and applications of different types of microbial proteins were described. Bacteria, fungi, and microalgae can be individually or co-cultured to obtain protein-rich biomass using starch-based raw materials, organic wastes, and one-carbon compounds as fermentation substrates. Microbial proteins have been gradually used in practical applications as foods, nutritional supplements, flavor modifiers, and animal feeds. However, further development and application of microbial proteins require more advanced biotechnological support, screening of good strains, and safety considerations. This review contributes to accelerating the practical application of microbial proteins as a promising alternative protein resource and provides a sustainable solution to the food crisis facing the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- JinTao He
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Edible Forestry Resources Safety and Processing Utilization, National Engineering Research Center of Rice and Byproduct Deep Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Min Tang
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Edible Forestry Resources Safety and Processing Utilization, National Engineering Research Center of Rice and Byproduct Deep Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - FeiFei Zhong
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Edible Forestry Resources Safety and Processing Utilization, National Engineering Research Center of Rice and Byproduct Deep Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
- Changsha Institute for Food and Drug Control, Changsha, China
| | - Jing Deng
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Edible Forestry Resources Safety and Processing Utilization, National Engineering Research Center of Rice and Byproduct Deep Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Wen Li
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Edible Forestry Resources Safety and Processing Utilization, National Engineering Research Center of Rice and Byproduct Deep Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seasonings Green Manufacturing, Changsha, China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Edible Forestry Resources Safety and Processing Utilization, National Engineering Research Center of Rice and Byproduct Deep Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - QinLu Lin
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Edible Forestry Resources Safety and Processing Utilization, National Engineering Research Center of Rice and Byproduct Deep Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seasonings Green Manufacturing, Changsha, China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing, China
| | - Xu Xia
- Huaihua Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Huaihua, China
| | - Juan Li
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Edible Forestry Resources Safety and Processing Utilization, National Engineering Research Center of Rice and Byproduct Deep Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Ting Guo
- Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
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Rajput SD, Pandey N, Sahu K. A comprehensive report on valorization of waste to single cell protein: strategies, challenges, and future prospects. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:26378-26414. [PMID: 38536571 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33004-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
The food insecurity due to a vertical increase in the global population urgently demands substantial advancements in the agricultural sector and to identify sustainable affordable sources of nutrition, particularly proteins. Single-cell protein (SCP) has been revealed as the dried biomass of microorganisms such as algae, yeast, and bacteria cultivated in a controlled environment. Production of SCP is a promising alternative to conventional protein sources like soy and meat, due to quicker production, minimal land requirement, and flexibility to various climatic conditions. In addition to protein production, it also contributes to waste management by converting it into food and feed for both human and animal consumption. This article provides an overview of SCP production, including its benefits, safety, acceptability, and cost, as well as limitations that constrains its maximum use. Furthermore, this review criticizes the downstream processing of SCP, encompassing cell wall disruption, removal of nucleic acid, harvesting of biomass, drying, packaging, storage, and transportation. The potential applications of SCP, such as in food and feed as well as in the production of bioplastics, emulsifiers, and as flavoring agents for baked food, soup, and salad, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharda Devi Rajput
- School of Studies in Biotechnology, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, 492 010, India
| | - Neha Pandey
- School of Studies in Biotechnology, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, 492 010, India
| | - Keshavkant Sahu
- School of Studies in Biotechnology, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, 492 010, India.
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Jean AB, Brown RC. Techno-Economic Analysis of Gas Fermentation for the Production of Single Cell Protein. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:3823-3829. [PMID: 38366998 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c10312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Despite the large carbon footprint of livestock production, animal protein consumption has grown over the past several decades, necessitating new approaches to sustainable animal protein production. In this techno-economic analysis, single cell protein (SCP) produced via gas fermentation of carbon dioxide, oxygen, and hydrogen is studied as an animal feed source to replace fishmeal or soybean meal. Using wind-powered water electrolysis to produce hydrogen and oxygen with carbon dioxide captured from corn ethanol, the minimum selling price (MSP) of SCP is determined to be $2070 per metric ton. An emissions comparison between SCP, fishmeal, and soybean meal shows that SCP has a carbon intensity as low as 0.73 kg CO2-equiv/kg protein, while fishmeal and soybean meal have an average carbon intensity of 2.72 kg CO2-equiv/kg protein and 0.85 kg CO2-equiv/kg protein, respectively. Moreover, SCP production would occupy 0.4% of the land per ton of protein produced compared to soybean meal and would disturb less than 0.1% of the marine ecosystem currently disturbed by fishmeal harvesting practices. These results show promise for the future economic viability of SCP as a protein source in animal feed and indicate significant environmental benefits compared to other animal feed protein sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra B Jean
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Robert C Brown
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
- Bioeconomy Institute, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
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Sutherland WJ, Bennett C, Brotherton PNM, Butchart SHM, Butterworth HM, Clarke SJ, Esmail N, Fleishman E, Gaston KJ, Herbert-Read JE, Hughes AC, James J, Kaartokallio H, Le Roux X, Lickorish FA, Newport S, Palardy JE, Pearce-Higgins JW, Peck LS, Pettorelli N, Primack RB, Primack WE, Schloss IR, Spalding MD, Ten Brink D, Tew E, Timoshyna A, Tubbs N, Watson JEM, Wentworth J, Wilson JD, Thornton A. A horizon scan of global biological conservation issues for 2024. Trends Ecol Evol 2024; 39:89-100. [PMID: 38114339 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2023.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
We present the results of our 15th horizon scan of novel issues that could influence biological conservation in the future. From an initial list of 96 issues, our international panel of scientists and practitioners identified 15 that we consider important for societies worldwide to track and potentially respond to. Issues are novel within conservation or represent a substantial positive or negative step-change with global or regional extents. For example, new sources of hydrogen fuel and changes in deep-sea currents may have profound impacts on marine and terrestrial ecosystems. Technological advances that may be positive include benchtop DNA printers and the industrialisation of approaches that can create high-protein food from air, potentially reducing the pressure on land for food production.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Sutherland
- Conservation Science Group, Department of Zoology, Cambridge University, The David Attenborough Building, Pembroke Street, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, UK.
| | - Craig Bennett
- Royal Society of Wildlife Trusts, The Kiln, Waterside, Mather Road, Newark, Nottinghamshire NG24 1WT, UK
| | | | - Stuart H M Butchart
- Conservation Science Group, Department of Zoology, Cambridge University, The David Attenborough Building, Pembroke Street, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, UK; Birdlife International, The David Attenborough Building, Pembroke Street, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, UK
| | - Holly M Butterworth
- Natural Resources Wales, Cambria House, 29 Newport Road, Cardiff CF24 0TP, UK
| | | | - Nafeesa Esmail
- Wilder Institute, 1300 Zoo Road NE, Calgary, AB T2E 7V6, Canada
| | - Erica Fleishman
- College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Kevin J Gaston
- Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall TR10 9FE, UK
| | | | - Alice C Hughes
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China, China
| | - Jennifer James
- The Environment Agency, Horizon House, Deanery Road, Bristol BS1 5TL, UK
| | | | - Xavier Le Roux
- Microbial Ecology Centre, Université Lyon 1, INRAE, CNRS, UMR 1418, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Fiona A Lickorish
- UK Research and Consultancy Services (RCS) Ltd, Valletts Cottage, Westhope, Hereford HR4 8BU, UK
| | - Sarah Newport
- UK Research and Innovation, Natural Environment Research Council, Polaris House, North Star Avenue, Swindon SN2 1EU, UK
| | - James E Palardy
- The Pew Charitable Trusts, 901 East Street NW, Washington, DC 20004, USA
| | - James W Pearce-Higgins
- Conservation Science Group, Department of Zoology, Cambridge University, The David Attenborough Building, Pembroke Street, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, UK; British Trust for Ornithology, The Nunnery, Thetford, Norfolk IP24 2PU, UK
| | - Lloyd S Peck
- British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ET, UK
| | - Nathalie Pettorelli
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regent's Park, London NW1 4RY, UK
| | | | | | - Irene R Schloss
- Instituto Antártico Argentino, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas (CADIC-CONICET), Ushuaia, Argentina; Universidad Nacional de Tierra del Fuego, Ushuaia, Argentina
| | - Mark D Spalding
- Conservation Science Group, Department of Zoology, Cambridge University, The David Attenborough Building, Pembroke Street, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, UK; The Nature Conservancy, Department of Physical, Earth, and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Pian dei Mantellini, Siena 53100, Italy
| | - Dirk Ten Brink
- Wetlands International, 6700 AL Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Eleanor Tew
- Conservation Science Group, Department of Zoology, Cambridge University, The David Attenborough Building, Pembroke Street, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, UK; Forestry England, 620 Bristol Business Park, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol BS16 1EJ, UK
| | - Anastasiya Timoshyna
- TRAFFIC, The David Attenborough Building, Pembroke Street, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, UK
| | - Nicolas Tubbs
- WWF-Belgium, Boulevard Emile Jacqmainlaan 90, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - James E M Watson
- School of The Environment, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Jonathan Wentworth
- Parliamentary Office of Science and Technology, 14 Tothill Street, Westminster, London SW1H 9NB, UK
| | - Jeremy D Wilson
- RSPB Centre for Conservation Science, 2 Lochside View, Edinburgh EH12 9DH, UK
| | - Ann Thornton
- Conservation Science Group, Department of Zoology, Cambridge University, The David Attenborough Building, Pembroke Street, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, UK
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De Paepe J, Garcia Gragera D, Arnau Jimenez C, Rabaey K, Vlaeminck SE, Gòdia F. Continuous cultivation of microalgae yields high nutrient recovery from nitrified urine with limited supplementation. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 345:118500. [PMID: 37542810 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae can play a key role in the bioeconomy, particularly in combination with the valorisation of waste streams as cultivation media. Urine is an example of a widely available nutrient-rich waste stream, and alkaline stabilization and subsequent full nitrification in a bioreactor yields a stable nitrate-rich solution. In this study, such nitrified urine served as a culture medium for the edible microalga Limnospira indica. In batch cultivation, nitrified urine without additional supplements yielded a lower biomass concentration, nutrient uptake and protein content compared to modified Zarrouk medium, as standard medium. To enhance the nitrogen uptake efficiency and biomass production, nitrified urine was supplemented with potentially limiting elements. Limited amounts of phosphorus (36 mg L-1), magnesium (7.9 mg L-1), calcium (12.2 mg L-1), iron (2.0 mg L-1) and EDTA (88.5 mg Na2-EDTA.2H2O L-1) rendered the nitrified urine matrix as effective as modified Zarrouk medium in terms of biomass production (OD750 of 1.2), nutrient uptake (130 mg N L-1) and protein yield (47%) in batch culture. Urine precipitates formed by alkalinisation could in principle supply enough phosphorus, calcium and magnesium, requiring only external addition of iron, EDTA and inorganic carbon. Subsequently, the suitability of supplemented nitrified urine as a culture medium was confirmed in continuous Limnospira cultivation in a CSTR photobioreactor. This qualifies nitrified urine as a valuable and sustainable microalgae growth medium, thereby creating novel nutrient loops on Earth and in Space, i.e., in regenerative life support systems for human deep-space missions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolien De Paepe
- MELiSSA Pilot Plant - Laboratory Claude Chipaux, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain; Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Gent, Belgium; Centre for Advanced Process Technology for Urban Resource Recovery (CAPTURE), Belgium; Research Group of Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - David Garcia Gragera
- MELiSSA Pilot Plant - Laboratory Claude Chipaux, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carolina Arnau Jimenez
- MELiSSA Pilot Plant - Laboratory Claude Chipaux, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Korneel Rabaey
- Centre for Advanced Process Technology for Urban Resource Recovery (CAPTURE), Belgium
| | - Siegfried E Vlaeminck
- Centre for Advanced Process Technology for Urban Resource Recovery (CAPTURE), Belgium; Research Group of Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerpen, Belgium.
| | - Francesc Gòdia
- MELiSSA Pilot Plant - Laboratory Claude Chipaux, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
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Biowaste upcycling into second-generation microbial protein through mixed-culture fermentation. Trends Biotechnol 2023; 41:197-213. [PMID: 35989113 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2022.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Securing a sustainable protein supply at the global level is among the greatest challenges currently faced by humanity. Alternative protein sources, such as second-generation microbial protein (MP), could give rise to innovative circular bioeconomy practices, synthesizing high-value bioproducts through the recovery and upcycling of resources from overabundant biowastes and residues. Within such a multi-feedstock biorefinery scenario, the wide range of microbial pathways and networks that characterize mixed microbial cultures, offers interesting and not yet fully explored advantages over conventional monoculture-based processes. In this review, we combine a comprehensive analysis of waste recovery platforms for second-generation MP production with a critical evaluation of the research gaps and potentials offered by mixed culture-based MP fermentation processes.
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7
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Moscariello C, Matassa S, Pirozzi F, Esposito G, Papirio S. Valorisation of industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) biomass residues through acidogenic fermentation and co-fermentation for volatile fatty acids production. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 355:127289. [PMID: 35545211 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In line with the emerging circular bioeconomy paradigm, the present study investigated the valorisation of abundant hemp biomass residues (HBRs) such as hurds (HH) and a mix of leaves and inflorescences (Mix), and other organic wastes (i.e., cheese whey and grape pomace) through the volatile fatty acid (VFA) production in mono- and co-acidogenic fermentation. The highest VFA yields, measured as acetic acid (HAc) per unit of volatile solids (VS), were obtained with the untreated Mix in mono-fermentation (185 ± 57 mg HAc/g VS) and with the combination of Mix and CW in co-fermentation (651 ± 65 mg HAc/g VS), while the highest HAc percentage reached up to 94% of total VFAs. Finally, a preliminary techno-economic evaluation revealed that the mono-fermentation of alkali pretreated HH could lead to the highest revenues among HBRs, reaching up to 710-1810, 618-1577 and 766-3722 €/ha∙year for the production of HAc, single cell protein and polyhydroxybutyrates, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Moscariello
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Napoli Federico II, Via Claudio 21, 80125 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Silvio Matassa
- Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, Via Gaetano di Biasio 43, 03043 Cassino, Italy
| | - Francesco Pirozzi
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Napoli Federico II, Via Claudio 21, 80125 Napoli, Italy
| | - Giovanni Esposito
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Napoli Federico II, Via Claudio 21, 80125 Napoli, Italy
| | - Stefano Papirio
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Napoli Federico II, Via Claudio 21, 80125 Napoli, Italy
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Hayashi S, Iwamoto Y, Hirakawa Y, Mori K, Yamada N, Maki T, Yamamoto S, Miyasaka H. Plant-Growth-Promoting Effect by Cell Components of Purple Non-Sulfur Photosynthetic Bacteria. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10040771. [PMID: 35456821 PMCID: PMC9031236 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10040771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhodobacter sphaeroides, a purple non-sulfur photosynthetic bacterium (PNSB), was disrupted by sonication and fractionated by centrifugation into the supernatant and pellet. The effects of the supernatant and pellet on plant growth were examined using Brassica rapa var. perviridis (komatsuna) in the pot experiments. Both fractions showed growth-promoting effects: the supernatant at high concentrations (1 × 107 to 4 × 107 cfu-equivalent mL−1) and the pellet at a low concentration of 2 × 103 cfu-equivalent mL−1). We expected lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to be the active principle of the pellet fraction and examined the effects of LPS on the growth of B. rapa var. perviridis. The growth of the plants was significantly enhanced by the foliar feeding of R. sphaeroides LPS at concentrations ranging from 10 to 100 pg mL−1. The present study is the first report indicating that LPS acts as one of the active principles of the plant-growth-promoting effect of PNSB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhei Hayashi
- Department of Applied Life Science, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Nishiku, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan; (Y.I.); (Y.H.); (K.M.); (S.Y.); (H.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Yasunari Iwamoto
- Department of Applied Life Science, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Nishiku, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan; (Y.I.); (Y.H.); (K.M.); (S.Y.); (H.M.)
| | - Yuki Hirakawa
- Department of Applied Life Science, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Nishiku, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan; (Y.I.); (Y.H.); (K.M.); (S.Y.); (H.M.)
| | - Koichi Mori
- Department of Applied Life Science, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Nishiku, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan; (Y.I.); (Y.H.); (K.M.); (S.Y.); (H.M.)
| | - Naoki Yamada
- Matsumoto Institute of Microorganisms Co., Ltd., 2904 Niimura, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-1241, Japan; (N.Y.); (T.M.)
| | - Takaaki Maki
- Matsumoto Institute of Microorganisms Co., Ltd., 2904 Niimura, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-1241, Japan; (N.Y.); (T.M.)
| | - Shinjiro Yamamoto
- Department of Applied Life Science, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Nishiku, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan; (Y.I.); (Y.H.); (K.M.); (S.Y.); (H.M.)
| | - Hitoshi Miyasaka
- Department of Applied Life Science, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Nishiku, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan; (Y.I.); (Y.H.); (K.M.); (S.Y.); (H.M.)
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Verstraete W, Yanuka‐Golub K, Driesen N, De Vrieze J. Engineering microbial technologies for environmental sustainability: choices to make. Microb Biotechnol 2022; 15:215-227. [PMID: 34875143 PMCID: PMC8719809 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial technologies have provided solutions to key challenges in our daily lives for over a century. In the debate about the ongoing climate change and the need for planetary sustainability, microbial ecology and microbial technologies are rarely considered. Nonetheless, they can bring forward vital solutions to decrease and even prevent long-term effects of climate change. The key to the success of microbial technologies is an effective, target-oriented microbiome management. Here, we highlight how microbial technologies can play a key role in both natural, i.e. soils and aquatic ecosystems, and semi-natural or even entirely human-made, engineered ecosystems, e.g. (waste) water treatment and bodily systems. First, we set forward fundamental guidelines for effective soil microbial resource management, especially with respect to nutrient loss and greenhouse gas abatement. Next, we focus on closing the water circle, integrating resource recovery. We also address the essential interaction of the human and animal host with their respective microbiomes. Finally, we set forward some key future potentials, such as microbial protein and the need to overcome microphobia for microbial products and services. Overall, we conclude that by relying on the wisdom of the past, we can tackle the challenges of our current era through microbial technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willy Verstraete
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET)Faculty of Bioscience EngineeringGhent UniversityCoupure Links 653GentB‐9000Belgium
- Avecom NVIndustrieweg 122PWondelgem9032Belgium
| | - Keren Yanuka‐Golub
- The Institute of Applied ResearchThe Galilee SocietyP.O. Box 437Shefa‐AmrIsrael
| | | | - Jo De Vrieze
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET)Faculty of Bioscience EngineeringGhent UniversityCoupure Links 653GentB‐9000Belgium
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Järviö N, Maljanen NL, Kobayashi Y, Ryynänen T, Tuomisto HL. An attributional life cycle assessment of microbial protein production: A case study on using hydrogen-oxidizing bacteria. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 776:145764. [PMID: 33639472 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Novel food production technologies are being developed to address the challenges of securing sustainable and healthy nutrition for the growing global population. This study assessed the environmental impacts of microbial protein (MP) produced by autotrophic hydrogen-oxidizing bacteria (HOB). Data was collected from a company currently producing MP using HOB (hereafter simply referred to as MP) on a small-scale. Earlier studies have performed an environmental assessment of MP on a theoretical basis but no study yet has used empirical data. An attributional life cycle assessment (LCA) with a cradle-to-gate approach was used to quantify global warming potential (GWP), land use, freshwater and marine eutrophication potential, water scarcity, human (non-)carcinogenic toxicity, and the cumulative energy demand (CED) of MP production in Finland. A Monte Carlo analysis was performed to assess uncertainties while a sensitivity analysis was used to explore the impacts of alternative production options and locations. The results were compared with animal- and plant-based protein sources for human consumption as well as protein sources for feed. Electricity consumption had the highest contribution to environmental impacts. Therefore, the source of energy had a substantial impact on the results. MP production using hydropower as an energy source yielded 87.5% lower GWP compared to using the average Finnish electricity mix. In comparison with animal-based protein sources for food production, MP had 53-100% lower environmental impacts depending on the reference product and the source of energy assumed for MP production. When compared with plant-based protein sources for food production, MP had lower land and water use requirements, and eutrophication potential but GWP was reduced only if low-emission energy sources were used. Compared to protein sources for feed production, MP production often resulted in lower environmental impact for GWP (FHE), land use, and eutrophication and acidification potential, but generally caused high water scarcity and required more energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Järviö
- Future Sustainable Food Systems-Research Group, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 27, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland; Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science (HELSUS), University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 4, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland; Ruralia Institute, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Lönnrotinkatu 7, 50100 Mikkeli, Finland.
| | - Netta-Leena Maljanen
- Future Sustainable Food Systems-Research Group, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 27, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland; Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science (HELSUS), University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 4, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland; Ruralia Institute, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Lönnrotinkatu 7, 50100 Mikkeli, Finland
| | - Yumi Kobayashi
- Future Sustainable Food Systems-Research Group, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 27, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland; Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science (HELSUS), University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 4, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 27, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Toni Ryynänen
- Future Sustainable Food Systems-Research Group, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 27, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland; Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science (HELSUS), University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 4, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland; Ruralia Institute, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Lönnrotinkatu 7, 50100 Mikkeli, Finland
| | - Hanna L Tuomisto
- Future Sustainable Food Systems-Research Group, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 27, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland; Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science (HELSUS), University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 4, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 27, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland; Natural Resources Institute Finland, P.O.Box 2, 00790 Helsinki, Finland
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11
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Leger D, Matassa S, Noor E, Shepon A, Milo R, Bar-Even A. Photovoltaic-driven microbial protein production can use land and sunlight more efficiently than conventional crops. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2015025118. [PMID: 34155098 PMCID: PMC8255800 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2015025118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Population growth and changes in dietary patterns place an ever-growing pressure on the environment. Feeding the world within sustainable boundaries therefore requires revolutionizing the way we harness natural resources. Microbial biomass can be cultivated to yield protein-rich feed and food supplements, collectively termed single-cell protein (SCP). Yet, we still lack a quantitative comparison between traditional agriculture and photovoltaic-driven SCP systems in terms of land use and energetic efficiency. Here, we analyze the energetic efficiency of harnessing solar energy to produce SCP from air and water. Our model includes photovoltaic electricity generation, direct air capture of carbon dioxide, electrosynthesis of an electron donor and/or carbon source for microbial growth (hydrogen, formate, or methanol), microbial cultivation, and the processing of biomass and proteins. We show that, per unit of land, SCP production can reach an over 10-fold higher protein yield and at least twice the caloric yield compared with any staple crop. Altogether, this quantitative analysis offers an assessment of the future potential of photovoltaic-driven microbial foods to supplement conventional agricultural production and support resource-efficient protein supply on a global scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorian Leger
- Systems and Synthetic Metabolism, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam, Germany;
| | - Silvio Matassa
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Elad Noor
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Alon Shepon
- Department of Environmental Studies, The Porter School of the Environment and Earth Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- The Steinhardt Museum of Natural History, Israel National Center for Biodiversity Studies, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Ron Milo
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Arren Bar-Even
- Systems and Synthetic Metabolism, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
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12
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Verbeeck K, De Vrieze J, Pikaar I, Verstraete W, Rabaey K. Assessing the potential for up-cycling recovered resources from anaerobic digestion through microbial protein production. Microb Biotechnol 2021; 14:897-910. [PMID: 32525284 PMCID: PMC8085915 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Anaerobic digesters produce biogas, a mixture of predominantly CH4 and CO2 , which is typically incinerated to recover electrical and/or thermal energy. In a context of circular economy, the CH4 and CO2 could be used as chemical feedstock in combination with ammonium from the digestate. Their combination into protein-rich bacterial, used as animal feed additive, could contribute to the ever growing global demand for nutritive protein sources and improve the overall nitrogen efficiency of the current agro- feed/food chain. In this concept, renewable CH4 and H2 can serve as carbon-neutral energy sources for the production of protein-rich cellular biomass, while assimilating and upgrading recovered ammonia from the digestate. This study evaluated the potential of producing sustainable high-quality protein additives in a decentralized way through coupling anaerobic digestion and microbial protein production using methanotrophic and hydrogenotrophic bacteria in an on-farm bioreactor. We show that a practical case digester handling liquid piggery manure, of which the energy content is supplemented for 30% with co-substrates, provides sufficient biogas to allow the subsequent microbial protein as feed production for about 37% of the number of pigs from which the manure was derived. Overall, producing microbial protein on the farm from available methane and ammonia liberated by anaerobic digesters treating manure appears economically and technically feasible within the current range of market prices existing for high-quality protein. The case of producing biomethane for grid injection and upgrading the CO2 with electrolytic hydrogen to microbial protein by means of hydrogen-oxidizing bacteria was also examined but found less attractive at the current production prices of renewable hydrogen. Our calculations show that this route is only of commercial interest if the protein value equals the value of high-value protein additives like fishmeal and if the avoided costs for nutrient removal from the digestate are taken into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristof Verbeeck
- Center for Microbial Ecology & Technology (CMET)Ghent UniversityCoupure Links 653GentB‐9000Belgium
- ArcelorMittal BelgiumJohn F. Kennedylaan 51B‐9042GentBelgium
| | - Jo De Vrieze
- Center for Microbial Ecology & Technology (CMET)Ghent UniversityCoupure Links 653GentB‐9000Belgium
- Centre for Advanced Process Technology for Urban Resource recovery (CAPTURE)
| | - Ilje Pikaar
- Advanced Water Management Centre (AWMC)The University of QueenslandSt LuciaQld4072Australia
| | - Willy Verstraete
- Center for Microbial Ecology & Technology (CMET)Ghent UniversityCoupure Links 653GentB‐9000Belgium
- Avecom NVIndustrieweg 122PWondelgemB‐9032Belgium
| | - Korneel Rabaey
- Center for Microbial Ecology & Technology (CMET)Ghent UniversityCoupure Links 653GentB‐9000Belgium
- Centre for Advanced Process Technology for Urban Resource recovery (CAPTURE)
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13
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Ciani M, Lippolis A, Fava F, Rodolfi L, Niccolai A, Tredici MR. Microbes: Food for the Future. Foods 2021; 10:foods10050971. [PMID: 33925123 PMCID: PMC8145633 DOI: 10.3390/foods10050971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Current projections estimate that in 2050 about 10 billion people will inhabit the earth and food production will need to increase by more than 60%. Food security will therefore represent a matter of global concern not easily tackled with current agriculture practices and curbed by the increasing scarcity of natural resources and climate change. Disrupting technologies are urgently needed to improve the efficiency of the food production system and to reduce the negative externalities of agriculture (soil erosion, desertification, air pollution, water and soil contamination, biodiversity loss, etc.). Among the most innovative technologies, the production of microbial protein (MP) in controlled and intensive systems called “bioreactors” is receiving increasing attention from research and industry. MP has low arable land requirements, does not directly compete with crop-based food commodities, and uses fertilizers with an almost 100% efficiency. This review considers the potential and limitations of four MP sources currently tested at pilot level or sold as food or feed ingredients: hydrogen oxidizing bacteria (HOB), methanotrophs, fungi, and microalgae (cyanobacteria). The environmental impacts (energy, land, water use, and GHG emissions) of these MP sources are compared with those of plant, animal, insect, and cultured meat-based proteins. Prices are reported to address whether MP may compete with traditional protein sources. Microalgae cultivation under artificial light is discussed as a strategy to ensure independence from weather conditions, continuous operation over the year, as well as high-quality biomass. The main challenges to the spreading of MP use are discussed.
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14
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Wong SL, Nyakuma BB, Nordin AH, Lee CT, Ngadi N, Wong KY, Oladokun O. Uncovering the dynamics in global carbon dioxide utilization research: a bibliometric analysis (1995-2019). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:13842-13860. [PMID: 33196996 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11643-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The anthropogenic emission of carbon dioxide (CO2) into the atmosphere is recognized as the main contributor to global climate change. To date, scientists have developed various strategies, including CO2 utilization technologies, to reduce global carbon emissions. This paper presents the global scientific landscape of the CO2 utilization research from 1995 to 2019 based on a bibliometric analysis of 1875 publications extracted from Web of Science. The findings indicate a major increase in the number of publications and citations received from 2015 to 2019, denoting a fast-emerging research trend. The dynamics of global CO2 utilization research is partly driven by China's policies and research funding to promote low-carbon economic development. Applied Energy is recognized as a core journal in this research topic. The utilization of CO2 is a multidisciplinary topic that has progressed by multidimensional collaborations at the country and organizations levels, while the formation of co-authorship networks at the individual level is mostly influenced by the authors' affiliations. Keyword co-occurrence analysis reveals a rapid evolution in the CO2 utilization strategies from chemical fixation in carbonates and epoxides to pilot-scale testing of power-to-gas technologies in Europe and the USA. The development of efficient power-to-fuel technologies and biological utilization routes (using microalgae and bacteria) will probably be the next research priorities in CO2 utilization research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syie Luing Wong
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Bemgba Bevan Nyakuma
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Abu Hassan Nordin
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Chew Tin Lee
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
- Innovation Centre in Agri-Technology for Advanced Bioprocess, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Pagoh, 84600, Pagoh, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Norzita Ngadi
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia.
| | - Keng Yinn Wong
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Olagoke Oladokun
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
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15
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Herrero M, Thornton PK, Mason-D'Croz D, Palmer J, Bodirsky BL, Pradhan P, Barrett CB, Benton TG, Hall A, Pikaar I, Bogard JR, Bonnett GD, Bryan BA, Campbell BM, Christensen S, Clark M, Fanzo J, Godde CM, Jarvis A, Loboguerrero AM, Mathys A, McIntyre CL, Naylor RL, Nelson R, Obersteiner M, Parodi A, Popp A, Ricketts K, Smith P, Valin H, Vermeulen SJ, Vervoort J, van Wijk M, van Zanten HH, West PC, Wood SA, Rockström J. Articulating the effect of food systems innovation on the Sustainable Development Goals. Lancet Planet Health 2021; 5:e50-e62. [PMID: 33306994 DOI: 10.1016/s2542-5196(20)30277-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Food system innovations will be instrumental to achieving multiple Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). However, major innovation breakthroughs can trigger profound and disruptive changes, leading to simultaneous and interlinked reconfigurations of multiple parts of the global food system. The emergence of new technologies or social solutions, therefore, have very different impact profiles, with favourable consequences for some SDGs and unintended adverse side-effects for others. Stand-alone innovations seldom achieve positive outcomes over multiple sustainability dimensions. Instead, they should be embedded as part of systemic changes that facilitate the implementation of the SDGs. Emerging trade-offs need to be intentionally addressed to achieve true sustainability, particularly those involving social aspects like inequality in its many forms, social justice, and strong institutions, which remain challenging. Trade-offs with undesirable consequences are manageable through the development of well planned transition pathways, careful monitoring of key indicators, and through the implementation of transparent science targets at the local level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Herrero
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
| | - Philip K Thornton
- CGIAR Research Programme on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security, International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Daniel Mason-D'Croz
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jeda Palmer
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Prajal Pradhan
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Potsdam, Germany
| | - Christopher B Barrett
- Dyson School of Applied Economics and Management, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tim G Benton
- The Royal Institute for International Affairs, Chatham House, London, UK
| | - Andrew Hall
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Black Mountain, ACT, Australia
| | - Ilje Pikaar
- The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Jessica R Bogard
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Graham D Bonnett
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Brett A Bryan
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC, Australia
| | - Bruce M Campbell
- CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security and International Center for Tropical Agriculture, Valle del Cauca, Colombia; Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Svend Christensen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael Clark
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Oxford Martin School, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jessica Fanzo
- School of Advanced International Studies, Berman Institute of Bioethics, Johns Hopkins University, Washington, DC, USA; Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Cecile M Godde
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Andy Jarvis
- CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security and International Center for Tropical Agriculture, Valle del Cauca, Colombia
| | - Ana Maria Loboguerrero
- CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security and International Center for Tropical Agriculture, Valle del Cauca, Colombia
| | - Alexander Mathys
- Sustainable Food Processing Laboratory, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - C Lynne McIntyre
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Rosamond L Naylor
- Center on Food Security and the Environment, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Rebecca Nelson
- Dyson School of Applied Economics and Management, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael Obersteiner
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Laxenburg, Austria; Environmental Change Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Alejandro Parodi
- Animal Production Systems group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Alexander Popp
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Potsdam, Germany
| | - Katie Ricketts
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Black Mountain, ACT, Australia
| | - Pete Smith
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Hugo Valin
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Laxenburg, Austria
| | | | - Joost Vervoort
- Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Mark van Wijk
- International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Hannah He van Zanten
- Farming Systems Ecology Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Paul C West
- Institute on the Environment, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Stephen A Wood
- The Nature Conservancy, Arlington, VA, USA; Yale School of the Environment, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Johan Rockström
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Potsdam, Germany; Institute of Environmental Science and Geography, Universität Potsdam, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
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16
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Nappa M, Lienemann M, Tossi C, Blomberg P, Jäntti J, Tittonen IJ, Penttilä M. Solar-Powered Carbon Fixation for Food and Feed Production Using Microorganisms-A Comparative Techno-Economic Analysis. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:33242-33252. [PMID: 33403286 PMCID: PMC7774257 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c04926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluates the techno-economic feasibility of five solar-powered concepts for the production of autotrophic microorganisms for food and feed production; the main focus is on three concepts based on hydrogen-oxidizing bacteria (HOB), which are further compared to two microalgae-related concepts. Two locations with markedly different solar conditions are considered (Finland and Morocco), in which Morocco was found to be the most economically competitive for the cultivation of microalgae in open ponds and closed systems (1.4 and 1.9 € kg-1, respectively). Biomass production by combined water electrolysis and HOB cultivation results in higher costs for all three considered concepts. Among these, the lowest production cost of 5.3 € kg-1 is associated with grid-assisted electricity use in Finland, while the highest production cost of >9.1 € kg-1 is determined for concepts using solely photovoltaics and/or photoelectrochemical technology for on-site electricity production and solar-energy conversion to H2 by water electrolysis. All assessed concepts are capital intensive. Furthermore, a sensitivity analysis suggests that the production costs of HOB biomass can be lowered down to 2.1 € kg-1 by optimization of the process parameters among which volumetric productivity, electricity strategy, and electricity costs have the highest cost-saving potentials. The study reveals that continuously available electricity and H2 supply are essential for the development of a viable HOB concept due to the capital intensity of the needed technologies. In addition, volumetric productivity is the key parameter that needs to be optimized to increase the economic competitiveness of HOB production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marja Nappa
- VTT
Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, Espoo 02150, Finland
| | | | - Camilla Tossi
- School
of Electrical Engineering, Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto University, Espoo 02150, Finland
| | - Peter Blomberg
- VTT
Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, Espoo 02150, Finland
| | - Jussi Jäntti
- VTT
Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, Espoo 02150, Finland
| | - Ilkka Juhani Tittonen
- School
of Electrical Engineering, Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto University, Espoo 02150, Finland
| | - Merja Penttilä
- VTT
Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, Espoo 02150, Finland
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17
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Sakarika M, Spanoghe J, Sui Y, Wambacq E, Grunert O, Haesaert G, Spiller M, Vlaeminck SE. Purple non-sulphur bacteria and plant production: benefits for fertilization, stress resistance and the environment. Microb Biotechnol 2020; 13:1336-1365. [PMID: 31432629 PMCID: PMC7415370 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Purple non-sulphur bacteria (PNSB) are phototrophic microorganisms, which increasingly gain attention in plant production due to their ability to produce and accumulate high-value compounds that are beneficial for plant growth. Remarkable features of PNSB include the accumulation of polyphosphate, the production of pigments and vitamins and the production of plant growth-promoting substances (PGPSs). Scattered case studies on the application of PNSB for plant cultivation have been reported for decades, yet a comprehensive overview is lacking. This review highlights the potential of using PNSB in plant production, with emphasis on three key performance indicators (KPIs): fertilization, resistance to stress (biotic and abiotic) and environmental benefits. PNSB have the potential to enhance plant growth performance, increase the yield and quality of edible plant biomass, boost the resistance to environmental stresses, bioremediate heavy metals and mitigate greenhouse gas emissions. Here, the mechanisms responsible for these attributes are discussed. A distinction is made between the use of living and dead PNSB cells, where critical interpretation of existing literature revealed the better performance of living cells. Finally, this review presents research gaps that remain yet to be elucidated and proposes a roadmap for future research and implementation paving the way for a more sustainable crop production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myrsini Sakarika
- Research Group of Sustainable Air, Energy and Water TechnologyDepartment of Bioscience EngineeringUniversity of AntwerpGroenenborgerlaan 1712020AntwerpenBelgium
| | - Janne Spanoghe
- Research Group of Sustainable Air, Energy and Water TechnologyDepartment of Bioscience EngineeringUniversity of AntwerpGroenenborgerlaan 1712020AntwerpenBelgium
| | - Yixing Sui
- Research Group of Sustainable Air, Energy and Water TechnologyDepartment of Bioscience EngineeringUniversity of AntwerpGroenenborgerlaan 1712020AntwerpenBelgium
| | - Eva Wambacq
- Department of Plants and CropsFaculty of Bioscience EngineeringGhent UniversityV. Vaerwyckweg 19000GhentBelgium
| | - Oliver Grunert
- Greenyard Horticulture Belgium NVSkaldenstraat 7a9042GentBelgium
| | - Geert Haesaert
- Department of Plants and CropsFaculty of Bioscience EngineeringGhent UniversityV. Vaerwyckweg 19000GhentBelgium
| | - Marc Spiller
- Research Group of Sustainable Air, Energy and Water TechnologyDepartment of Bioscience EngineeringUniversity of AntwerpGroenenborgerlaan 1712020AntwerpenBelgium
| | - Siegfried E. Vlaeminck
- Research Group of Sustainable Air, Energy and Water TechnologyDepartment of Bioscience EngineeringUniversity of AntwerpGroenenborgerlaan 1712020AntwerpenBelgium
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18
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Capson-Tojo G, Batstone DJ, Grassino M, Vlaeminck SE, Puyol D, Verstraete W, Kleerebezem R, Oehmen A, Ghimire A, Pikaar I, Lema JM, Hülsen T. Purple phototrophic bacteria for resource recovery: Challenges and opportunities. Biotechnol Adv 2020; 43:107567. [PMID: 32470594 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2020.107567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Sustainable development is driving a rapid focus shift in the wastewater and organic waste treatment sectors, from a "removal and disposal" approach towards the recovery and reuse of water, energy and materials (e.g. carbon or nutrients). Purple phototrophic bacteria (PPB) are receiving increasing attention due to their capability of growing photoheterotrophically under anaerobic conditions. Using light as energy source, PPB can simultaneously assimilate carbon and nutrients at high efficiencies (with biomass yields close to unity (1 g CODbiomass·g CODremoved-1)), facilitating the maximum recovery of these resources as different value-added products. The effective use of infrared light enables selective PPB enrichment in non-sterile conditions, without competition with other phototrophs such as microalgae if ultraviolet-visible wavelengths are filtered. This review reunites results systematically gathered from over 177 scientific articles, aiming at producing generalized conclusions. The most critical aspects of PPB-based production and valorisation processes are addressed, including: (i) the identification of the main challenges and potentials of different growth strategies, (ii) a critical analysis of the production of value-added compounds, (iii) a comparison of the different value-added products, (iv) insights into the general challenges and opportunities and (v) recommendations for future research and development towards practical implementation. To date, most of the work has not been executed under real-life conditions, relevant for full-scale application. With the savings in wastewater discharge due to removal of organics, nitrogen and phosphorus as an important economic driver, priorities must go to using PPB-enriched cultures and real waste matrices. The costs associated with artificial illumination, followed by centrifugal harvesting/dewatering and drying, are estimated to be 1.9, 0.3-2.2 and 0.1-0.3 $·kgdry biomass-1. At present, these costs are likely to exceed revenues. Future research efforts must be carried out outdoors, using sunlight as energy source. The growth of bulk biomass on relatively clean wastewater streams (e.g. from food processing) and its utilization as a protein-rich feed (e.g. to replace fishmeal, 1.5-2.0 $·kg-1) appears as a promising valorisation route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Capson-Tojo
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; CRETUS Institute, Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Damien J Batstone
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
| | - María Grassino
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
| | - Siegfried E Vlaeminck
- Research Group of Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerpen, Belgium.
| | - Daniel Puyol
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Technology, ESCET, Rey Juan Carlos University, Móstoles, Spain.
| | - Willy Verstraete
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium; Avecom NV, Industrieweg 122P, 9032 Wondelgem, Belgium.
| | - Robbert Kleerebezem
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 67, 2628 BC Delft, the Netherlands.
| | - Adrian Oehmen
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
| | - Anish Ghimire
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kathmandu University, Dhulikhel, Nepal.
| | - Ilje Pikaar
- School of Civil Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
| | - Juan M Lema
- CRETUS Institute, Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Tim Hülsen
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
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Robles-Aguilar AA, Grunert O, Hernandez-Sanabria E, Mysara M, Meers E, Boon N, Jablonowski ND. Effect of Applying Struvite and Organic N as Recovered Fertilizers on the Rhizosphere Dynamics and Cultivation of Lupine ( Lupinus angustifolius). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:572741. [PMID: 33329631 PMCID: PMC7717983 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.572741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Intensive agriculture and horticulture heavily rely on the input of fertilizers to sustain food (and feed) production. However, high carbon footprint and pollution are associated with the mining processes of P and K, and the artificial nitrogen fixation for the production of synthetic fertilizers. Organic fertilizers or recovered nutrients from different waste sources can be used to reduce the environmental impact of fertilizers. We tested two recovered nutrients with slow-release patterns as promising alternatives for synthetic fertilizers: struvite and a commercially available organic fertilizer. Using these fertilizers as a nitrogen source, we conducted a rhizotron experiment to test their effect on plant performance and nutrient recovery in lupine plants. Plant performance was not affected by the fertilizer applied; however, N recovery was higher from the organic fertilizer than from struvite. As root architecture is fundamental for plant productivity, variations in root structure and length as a result of soil nutrient availability driven by plant-bacteria interactions were compared showing also no differences between fertilizers. However, fertilized plants were considerably different in the root length and morphology compared with the no fertilized plants. Since the microbial community influences plant nitrogen availability, we characterized the root-associated microbial community structure and functionality. Analyses revealed that the fertilizer applied had a significant impact on the associations and functionality of the bacteria inhabiting the growing medium used. The type of fertilizer significantly influenced the interindividual dissimilarities in the most abundant genera between treatments. This means that different plant species have a distinct effect on modulating the associated microbial community, but in the case of lupine, the fertilizer had a bigger effect than the plant itself. These novel insights on interactions between recovered fertilizers, plant, and associated microbes can contribute to developing sustainable crop production systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana A. Robles-Aguilar
- Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Jülich, Germany
| | - Oliver Grunert
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Greenyard Horticulture, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Emma Hernandez-Sanabria
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Laboratory of Molecular Bacteriology, VIB – KU Leuven Center for Microbiology, Rega Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mohamed Mysara
- Unit of Microbiology, Belgian Nuclear Research Center, StudieCentrum voor Kernenergie⋅Centre d’étude de l’Energie Nucléaire (SCK⋅CEN), Mol, Belgium
- Department of Bioscience Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Erik Meers
- Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nico Boon
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Nico Boon,
| | - Nicolai D. Jablonowski
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Jülich, Germany
- Nicolai D. Jablonowski,
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Tsapekos P, Khoshnevisan B, Zhu X, Zha X, Angelidaki I. Methane oxidising bacteria to upcycle effluent streams from anaerobic digestion of municipal biowaste. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 251:109590. [PMID: 31550605 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Conventional microbial protein production relies on the usage of pure chemicals and gases. Natural gas, which is a fossil resource, is the common input gas for bacterial protein production. Alternative sources for gas feedstock and nutrients can sufficiently decrease the operational cost and environmental impact of microbial protein production processes. In the present study, the effluents streams of municipal biowaste anaerobic digestion, were used to grow methane oxidising bacteria which can be used as protein source. Results demonstrated that a 40:60 CH4:O2 (v/v) gas feeding resulted in microbial biomass production of 0.95 g-DM/L by a Methylophilus dominated community. When raw biogas was used as input for methane corresponding to the same initial methane partial pressure as before, instead of pure methane, the growth was partially hindered (0.61 g-DM/L) due to the presence of H2S (IC50: 1376 ppm). Hence, desulfurization is suggested before using biogas for microbial protein production. At semi-continuous mode, results showed that the produced biomass had relatively high protein content (>40% of dry weight) and the essential amino acids lysine, valine, leucine and histidine were detected at high levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Tsapekos
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs, Lyngby, DK-2800, Denmark
| | - Benyamin Khoshnevisan
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs, Lyngby, DK-2800, Denmark; Department of Mechanical Engineering of Agricultural Machinery, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Iran
| | - Xinyu Zhu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs, Lyngby, DK-2800, Denmark
| | - Xiao Zha
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs, Lyngby, DK-2800, Denmark; School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, No. 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Irini Angelidaki
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs, Lyngby, DK-2800, Denmark
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Abstract
Hydrogen-oxidizing bacteria provide a sustainable solution for microbial protein production. Renewable electricity can be used for in situ water electrolysis in an electrobioreactor. The use of cultivation medium as the electrolyte enhances the hydrogen dissolution to the medium. This paper proposes a stack structure for in situ water electrolysis to improve the productivity of the electrobioreactor. The hydrogen production rate and the energy efficiency of the prototype stack are analyzed.
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