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Suzuki H, Makino W, Takahashi S, Urabe J. Assessment of toxic effects of imidacloprid on freshwater zooplankton: An experimental test for 27 species. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 927:172378. [PMID: 38604362 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
The neonicotinoid pesticide imidacloprid has been used worldwide since 1992. As one of the most important chemicals used in pest control, there have been concerns that its run-off into rivers and lakes could adversely affect aquatic ecosystems, where zooplankton play a central role in the energy flow from primary to higher trophic levels. However, studies assessing the effects of pesticides at the species level have relied on a Daphnia-centric approach, and no studies have been conducted using species-level assessments on a broad range of zooplankton taxa. In the present study, we therefore investigated the acute toxicity of imidacloprid on 27 freshwater crustacean zooplankton (18 cladocerans, 3 calanoid copepods and 6 cyclopoid copepods). The experiment showed that a majority of calanoid copepods and cladocerans were not affected at all by imidacloprid, with the exception of one species each of Ceriodaphnia and Diaphasoma, while all six cyclopoid copepods showed high mortality rates, even at concentrations of imidacloprid typically found in nature. In addition, we found a remarkable intra-taxonomic variation in susceptibility to this chemical. As many cyclopoid copepods are omnivorous, they act as predators as well as competitors with other zooplankton. Accordingly, their susceptibility to imidacloprid is likely to cause different responses at the community level through changes in predation pressure as well as changes in competitive interactions. The present results demonstrate the need for species-level assessments of various zooplankton taxa to understand the complex responses of aquatic communities to pesticide disturbance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromichi Suzuki
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan.
| | - Wataru Makino
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Shinji Takahashi
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Jotaro Urabe
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
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2
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Harmon O'Driscoll J, McGinley J, Healy MG, Siggins A, Mellander PE, Morrison L, Gunnigle E, Ryan PC. Stochastic modelling of pesticide transport to drinking water sources via runoff and resulting human health risk assessment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 918:170589. [PMID: 38309350 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
A modelling framework was developed to facilitate a probabilistic assessment of health risks posed by pesticide exposure via drinking water due to runoff, with the inclusion of influential site conditions and in-stream processes. A Monte-Carlo based approach was utilised to account for the inherent variability in pesticide and population properties, as well as site and climatic conditions. The framework presented in this study was developed with an ability to integrate different data sources and adapt the model for various scenarios and locations to meet the users' needs. The results from this model can be used by farm advisors and catchment managers to identify lower risk pesticides for use for given soil and site conditions and implement risk mitigation measures to protect water resources. Pesticide concentrations in surface water, and their risk of regulatory threshold exceedances, were simulated for fifteen pesticides in an Irish case study. The predicted concentrations in surface water were then used to quantify the level of health risk posed to Irish adults and children. The analysis indicated that herbicides triclopyr and MCPA occur in the greatest concentrations in surface water, while mecoprop was associated with the highest potential for health risks. The study found that the modelled pesticides posed little risk to human health under current application patterns and climatic conditions in Ireland using international acceptable intake values. A sensitivity study conducted examined the impact seasonal conditions, timing of application, and instream processes, have on the transport of pesticides to drinking water.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Harmon O'Driscoll
- Discipline of Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - J McGinley
- Civil Engineering, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland; Ryan Institute, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - M G Healy
- Civil Engineering, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland; Ryan Institute, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - A Siggins
- Ryan Institute, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland; School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - P-E Mellander
- Agricultural Catchments Programme, Teagasc Environmental Research Centre, Johnstown Castle, Co. Wexford, Ireland
| | - L Morrison
- Ryan Institute, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland; Earth and Ocean Sciences, Earth and Life Sciences, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - E Gunnigle
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - P C Ryan
- Discipline of Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, University College Cork, Ireland; Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork T23 XE10, Ireland.
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3
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Longoni V, Kandel Gambarte PC, Rueda L, Fuchs JS, Rovedatti MG, Wolansky MJ. Long-lasting developmental effects in rat offspring after maternal exposure to acetamiprid in the drinking water during gestation. Toxicol Sci 2024; 198:61-75. [PMID: 38011675 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfad122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Neonicotinoids (NNTs) are a class of insecticides proposed to be safe for pest control in urban, suburban, and agricultural applications. However, little is known about their developmental effects after repeated low-dose exposures during gestation. Here, we tested a dose considered subthreshold for maternal toxicity in rats (6 mg/kg/day) by assessing several morphological, biochemical, and neurobehavioral features in preterm fetuses and developing pups after maternal administration of the NTT acetamiprid (ACP) dissolved in the drinking water during gestational days (GD) 2-19. The exploratory evaluation included monitoring maternal body weight gain, fetal viability, body weight and sex ratio, cephalic length, neonatal body weight and sex ratio, metabolic enzymes in the placenta, maternal blood and fetal liver, and anogenital distance and surface righting response during infancy. We also used the circling training test to study the integrity of the associative-spatial-motor response in adolescence. Results showed no consistent findings indicating maternal, reproductive or developmental toxicity. However, we found ACP effects on maternal body weight gain, placental butyrylcholinesterase activity, and neurobehavioral responses, suggestive of a mild toxic action. Thus, our study showed a trend for developmental susceptibility at a dose so far considered subtoxic. Although the ACP concentration in environmental samples of surface water and groundwater has been mostly reported to be much lower than that used in our study, our results suggest that the ACP point of departure used in current guidelines aimed to prevent developmental effects may need to be verified by complementary sensitive multiple-endpoint testing in the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Longoni
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (FCEyN), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina
| | - Paula Cristina Kandel Gambarte
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN-CONICET) and FCEyN, UBA, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina
| | - Lis Rueda
- FCEyN, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina
| | - Julio Silvio Fuchs
- Instituto IQUIBICEN-CONICET and Departamento Química Biológica, FCEyN, UBA, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina
| | - María Gabriela Rovedatti
- Departamentos Química Biológica and Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, IQUIBICEN-CONICET, FCEyN, UBA, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina
| | - Marcelo Javier Wolansky
- Departamento Química Biológica, IQUIBICEN-CONICET, FCEyN, UBA, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina
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4
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Liu S, Lu J, Li Z. Water quality criteria derivation and ecological risk assessment for organophosphorus pesticides. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 348:140726. [PMID: 37979809 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs) are a group of neurotoxic compounds that can cause neural dysfunction, overstimulation, paralysis, and even death to numerous non-target organisms. Despite their potential ecological impacts, there is a lack of research on water quality criteria (WQC) for OPPs, which hinders the risk assessment for these pollutants. This study aimed to derive short-term and long-term water quality criteria (SWQC and LWQC, respectively) for eight common OPPs through the species sensitivity distribution (SSD) methodology. The ecological risk of these compounds in aquatic environments was consequently assessed using a four-level tiered approach. The results showed that the derived SWQC ranged from 0.0245 μg/L (chlorpyrifos) to 18.6 μg/L (dimethoate), while the LWQC ranged from 0.326 ng/L (chlorpyrifos) to 0.354 μg/L (dimethoate). OPPs were widely recorded in different waters with concentrations up to 40.9 μg/L. The tiered approach results indicated that most OPPs had a low acute risk but a severe chronic risk. The estimated chronic hazard quotients (HQ) were calculated with a maximum of 4782, the exceedance probabilities with a maximum of 97.6%, and the overall probabilities (ORP) with a range of between 0.08% and 11.5%. These findings suggest that the contamination of OPPs in aquatic environments warrants further concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Jinyu Lu
- College of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210000, China
| | - Zhengyan Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China.
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Yuan T, Ding S, Xue F, Du Z, Yang X, Han Q, Ma M, Chen X. Reactivity and reaction pathways of peroxymonosulfate and peroxydisulfate with neonicotinoid insecticides. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 248:120852. [PMID: 37976950 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Neonicotinoid insecticides (NNIs), which have been detected across diverse aquatic environments, have sparked substantial concerns regarding their potential adverse ecological and health risks. In this study, the removal of NNIs by unactivated peroxymonosulfate (PMS) and peroxydisulfate (PDS) was systematically investigated. Results showed that PMS/PDS direct oxidation is mainly responsible for the degradation of imidacloprid (IMD), and the degradation kinetics can be well described by a second-order kinetics model, first-order in both IMD and PMS/PDS concentration. The species-specific reaction rate constants of HSO5- and SO52- with IMD were calculated to be 429.36 ± 15.41 M-1h-1 and 9.72 ± 35.48 M-1h-1, while the corresponding rate constant between S2O82- and IMD is 25.04 ± 3.04 M-1h-1. Over 100 transformation products in the degradation of IMD by PMS/PDS were identified by HPLC/Q-Orbitrap HRMS, and five major reaction pathways were proposed thereafter: hydroxylation on imidazolidine ring, olefin reaction on imidazolidine ring, desnitro reaction on nitroguanidine moiety, and two chain-breaking reactions between imidazolidine ring and chloro-pyridyl moiety. Toxicity evaluation on the transformation products found that their ecotoxicity is various at a wide range with an overall indeterminacy, while their bioconcentration factors show a definite decrease. The reactivity of six NNIs with PMS/PDS was found varied by structures but generally low, indicating that in-situ oxidation with unactivated PMS/PDS is safe but inefficiency for the mitigation of NNIs. It is thus suggested that further investigations into activated PMS/PDS systems involving radicals promise enhanced remediation of NNIs, and fundamental data in this study has laid the groundwork.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taoyue Yuan
- College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Shunke Ding
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Fei Xue
- College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Zhenqi Du
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xinyu Yang
- College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Qingzhi Han
- College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Mengtao Ma
- College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Xiaoyan Chen
- College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China.
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6
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Gong Y, Xiong J, Tan B, Li H, Ma X, Yi H, Wang L, You J. Occurrence and water-sediment exchange of systemic insecticides and their transformation products in an agriculture-dominated basin. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 458:131851. [PMID: 37369174 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Neonicotinoids (NEOs) and fipronil (FIP) are ubiquitous in aquatic environment, yet the transformation and water-sediment exchange are largely unknown for these systemic insecticides and their transformation products (TPs). Herein, occurrence, field-based partitioning coefficients, and fugacity fractions (ff) of NEOs, FIP, and their TPs were analyzed in the drainage and receiving rivers near a rice paddy field. NEOs and FIPs were frequently detected in the sediments with concentrations of TPs being often higher than the parent compounds. Average ff values of NEOs (0.944-1.00) were larger than those of FIPs (0.399-0.716), indicating NEOs had a greater tendency to diffuse from sediment into water. Similar as well-studied hydrophobic compounds, hydrophobicity was the main factor impacting the water-sediment exchange of moderately hydrophobic FIPs. Alternatively, electrostatic interactions governed the fate of hydrophilic NEOs in water-sediment system. The log Kd values of NEOs were positively correlated with their N/C ratios (p < 0.05), possibly because the negatively charged sediments (zeta potential were from -19.1 ± 0.6 to -5.84 ± 0.57 mV) generated electrostatic attraction with amino functional group. Our study highlighted the ubiquitousness of TPs and distinct water-sediment interaction for moderately hydrophobic and hydrophilic insecticides in an agriculture-dominated watershed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongting Gong
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Jingjing Xiong
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, China.
| | - Baoxiang Tan
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Huizhen Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China.
| | - Xue Ma
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Hao Yi
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Li Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Jing You
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
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7
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Sun X, Ding TT, Wang ZJ, Huang P, Liu SS. Optimized Derivation of Predicted No-Effect Concentrations (PNECs) for Eight Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) Using HC 10 Based on Acute Toxicity Data. TOXICS 2023; 11:563. [PMID: 37505529 PMCID: PMC10384761 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11070563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
For persistent organic pollutants, a concern of environmental supervision, predicted no-effect concentrations (PNECs) are often used in ecological risk assessment, which is commonly derived from the hazardous concentration of 5% (HC5) of the species sensitivity distribution (SSD). To address the problem of a lack of toxicity data, the objectives of this study are to propose and apply two improvement ideas for SSD application, taking polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) as an example: whether the chronic PNEC can be derived from the acute SSD curve; whether the PNEC may be calculated by HC10 to avoid solely statistical extrapolation. In this study, the acute SSD curves for eight PAHs and the chronic SSD curves for three PAHs were constructed. The quantity relationship of HC5s between the acute and chronic SSD curves was explored, and the value of the assessment factor when using HC10 to calculate PNEC was derived. The results showed that, for PAHs, the chronic PNEC can be estimated by multiplying the acute PNEC by 0.1, and the value of the assessment factor corresponding to HC10 is 10. For acenaphthene, anthracene, benzo[a]pyrene, fluoranthene, fluorene, naphthalene, phenanthrene, and pyrene, the chronic PNECs based on the acute HC10s were 0.8120, 0.008925, 0.005202, 0.07602, 2.328, 12.75, 0.5731, and 0.05360 μg/L, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Ting-Ting Ding
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Ze-Jun Wang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Municipal Sewage Resource Utilization Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Peng Huang
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Shu-Shen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
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Feng C, Huang W, Qiao Y, Liu D, Li H. Research Progress and New Ideas on the Theory and Methodology of Water Quality Criteria for the Protection of Aquatic Organisms. TOXICS 2023; 11:557. [PMID: 37505523 PMCID: PMC10386067 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11070557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Water quality criteria (WQC) for the protection of aquatic organisms mainly focus on the maximum threshold values of the pollutants that do not have harmful effects on aquatic organisms. The WQC value is the result obtained based on scientific experiments in the laboratory and data fitting extrapolation and is the limit of the threshold value of pollutants or other harmful factors in the water environment. Until now, many studies have been carried out on WQC for the protection of aquatic organisms internationally, and several countries have also issued their own relevant technical guidelines. Thus, the WQC method for the protection of aquatic organisms has been basically formed, with species sensitivity distribution (SSD) as the main method and the assessment factor (AF) as the auxiliary method. In addition, in terms of the case studies on WQC, many scholars have conducted relevant case studies on various pollutants. At the national level, several countries have also released WQC values for typical pollutants. This study systematically discusses the general situation, theoretical methodology and research progress of WQC for the protection of aquatic organisms, and deeply analyzes the key scientific issues that need to be considered in the research of WQC. Furthermore, combined with the specific characteristics of the emerging pollutants, some new ideas and directions for future WQC research for the protection of aquatic organisms are also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenglian Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Wenjie Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Yu Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Daqing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
- College of Water Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Huixian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
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Li H, Meng F, Li A. Ecological risk assessment for xylenes and propylbenzenes in aquatic environment using a species sensitivity distribution approach. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 261:115106. [PMID: 37290297 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Xylenes and propylbenzenes (PBZs) are volatile aromatic hydrocarbons with high aquatic toxicity. Xylenes can be present in three isomers: o-xylene (OX), m-xylene (MX), and p-xylene (PX), while PBZs include two isomers: n-propylbenzene (n-PBZ) and isopropylbenzene (i-PBZ). Their accidental spills and improper discharges from petrochemical industries can cause severe contamination in water bodies posing potential ecological risks. In this study, the published acute toxicity data of these chemicals for aquatic species were collected to calculate hazardous concentrations protecting 95% species (HC5) using a species sensitivity distribution (SSD) approach. The acute HC5 values for OX, MX, PX, n-PBZ, and i-PBZ were estimated to be 1.73, 3.05, 1.23, 1.22, and 1.46 mg/L, respectively. The risk quotient (RQ) values calculated based on HC5 indicated their high risk (RQ: 1.23 ∼ 21.89) in groundwater, but low risk (RQ < 0.1) in natural seawater, river water, and lake water. When xylenes or PBZs leaked into the sea, they were expected to pose a high risk (RQ > 1) at the start and then a low risk (RQ < 0.1) after 10 days due to natural attenuation. These results may help to derive more reliable protection thresholds for xylenes and PBZs in aquatic environment and provide a basis for evaluating their ecological risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiping Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Fanping Meng
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China.
| | - Aifeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
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10
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Liu S, Wang T, Lu J, Li Z. Seawater quality criteria derivation and ecological risk assessment for the neonicotinoid insecticide imidacloprid in China. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 190:114871. [PMID: 37023546 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.114871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
As a broad-spectrum nicotinoid insecticide, imidacloprid (IMI) has been frequently recorded in seawater environments. Water quality criteria (WQC) is the maximum concentration of chemicals, which will not pose harmful effects on aquatic species in the studied water body. Nevertheless, the WQC is not available for IMI in China, which hinders the risk assessment of this emerging pollutant. This study, therefore, aims to derive the WQC for IMI through the toxicity percentile rank (TPR) and species sensitivity distribution (SSD) methodology, and to assess its ecological risk in aquatic environments. Results showed that the recommended short-term water quality criterion (SWQC) and long-term criterion (LWQC) in seawater were derived as 0.8 μg/L and 0.056 μg/L, respectively. The ecological risk of IMI in seawater shows a wide range with hazard quotient (HQ) values of up to 11.4. The environmental monitoring, risk management and pollution control for IMI, therefore, warrant further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Teng Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Jinyu Lu
- College of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Zhengyan Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China.
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11
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Stehle S, Ovcharova V, Wolfram J, Bub S, Herrmann LZ, Petschick LL, Schulz R. Neonicotinoid insecticides in global agricultural surface waters - Exposure, risks and regulatory challenges. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 867:161383. [PMID: 36621497 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Neonicotinoids are the most widely used insecticides worldwide. However, the widespread usage of neonicotinoids has sparked concerns over their effects on non-target ecosystems including surface waters. We present here a comprehensive meta-analysis of 173 peer-reviewed studies (1998-2022) reporting measured insecticide concentrations (MICs; n = 3983) for neonicotinoids in global surface waters resulting from agricultural nonpoint source pollution. We used compound-specific regulatory threshold levels for water (RTLSW) and sediment (RTLSED) defined for pesticide authorization in Canada, the EU and the US, and multispecies endpoints (MSESW) to assess acute and chronic risks of global neonicotinoid water-phase (MICSW; n = 3790) and sediment (MICSED; n = 193) concentrations. Results show a complete lack of exposure information for surface waters in >90 % of agricultural areas globally. However, available data indicates for MICSW overall acute risks to be low (6.7 % RTLSW_acute exceedances), but chronic risks to be of concern (20.7 % RTLSW_chronic exceedances); exceedance frequencies were particularly high for chronic MSESW (63.3 %). We found RTLSW exceedances to be highest for imidacloprid and in less regulated countries. Linear model analysis revealed risks for global agricultural surface waters to decrease significantly over time, potentially biased by the lack of sensitive analytical methods in early years of neonicotinoid monitoring. The Canadian, EU and US RTLSW differ considerably (up to factors of 223 for RTLSW_acute and 13,889 for RTLSW_chronic) for individual neonicotinoids, indicating large uncertainties and regulatory challenges in defining robust and protective RTLs. We conclude that protective threshold levels, in concert with increasing monitoring efforts targeting agricultural surface waters worldwide, are essential to further assess the ecological consequences from anticipated increases of agricultural neonicotinoid uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Stehle
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University Koblenz-Landau, 76829 Landau, Germany.
| | - Viktoriia Ovcharova
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University Koblenz-Landau, 76829 Landau, Germany
| | - Jakob Wolfram
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University Koblenz-Landau, 76829 Landau, Germany
| | - Sascha Bub
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University Koblenz-Landau, 76829 Landau, Germany
| | - Larissa Zoë Herrmann
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University Koblenz-Landau, 76829 Landau, Germany
| | - Lara Luisa Petschick
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University Koblenz-Landau, 76829 Landau, Germany
| | - Ralf Schulz
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University Koblenz-Landau, 76829 Landau, Germany; Eusserthal Ecosystem Research Station, University Koblenz-Landau, 76857 Eusserthal, Germany
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12
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Picone M, Distefano GG, Marchetto D, Russo M, Baccichet M, Brusò L, Zangrando R, Gambaro A, Volpi Ghirardini A. Long-term effects of neonicotinoids on reproduction and offspring development in the copepod Acartia tonsa. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 181:105761. [PMID: 36206640 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2022.105761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Neonicotinoids (NEOs) are neurotoxic pesticides acting as nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonists. NEOs' efficacy against pest insects has favoured their spreading use in agriculture, but their proven effectiveness against non-target insects in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems also raised concern over their environmental impact. Crustaceans were often studied for the impacts of NEOs due to their economic values and nervous' system similarity with insects. However, most studies on crustaceans focused on acute effects or exposure of early-life stages, while long-term effects were seldom explored. The present study aimed to assess the potential long-term effects of four commercially available NEOs on the reproduction and offspring of the calanoid copepod Acartia tonsa, a key species in the food webs of several coastal and estuarine environments. NEOs were confirmed as potent interferents of copepod reproduction. The first-generation compound acetamiprid significantly inhibited egg production and hatching ratio at 10 ng L-1, while larval survival and development were affected at 81 ng L-1. Similarly, the first-generation compound thiacloprid significantly inhibited the hatching ratio and larval development at 9 ng L-1, while it did not affect egg production and larval survival. Second-generation compounds were less toxic than acetamiprid and thiacloprid: clothianidin affected significantly only larval development of the offspring at 62 ng L-1, while thiamethoxam was not toxic at both the tested concentrations (8 ng L-1 and 84 ng L-1). These data evidenced that effects on copepods may occur at concentrations below the chronic aquatic life benchmarks reported by USEPA for acetamiprid (2100 ng L-1) and thiacloprid (970 ng L-1), suggesting that long-term effects of NEOs have been underestimated. A comparison with environmental concentrations evidenced that NEO-mediated effects on copepods are more liable in coastal areas receiving discharge from wastewater treatment plants or diffuse inputs from agricultural land during pesticide application periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Picone
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University, Campus Scientifico Via Torino 155, I-30170, Mestre, Venezia, Italy.
| | - Gabriele Giuseppe Distefano
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University, Campus Scientifico Via Torino 155, I-30170, Mestre, Venezia, Italy
| | - Davide Marchetto
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University, Campus Scientifico Via Torino 155, I-30170, Mestre, Venezia, Italy
| | - Martina Russo
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University, Campus Scientifico Via Torino 155, I-30170, Mestre, Venezia, Italy
| | - Marco Baccichet
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University, Campus Scientifico Via Torino 155, I-30170, Mestre, Venezia, Italy
| | - Luca Brusò
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University, Campus Scientifico Via Torino 155, I-30170, Mestre, Venezia, Italy
| | - Roberta Zangrando
- Institute of Polar Sciences - National Research Council (ISP-CNR), Campus Scientifico Via Torino 155, I-30170, Mestre, Venezia, Italy
| | - Andrea Gambaro
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University, Campus Scientifico Via Torino 155, I-30170, Mestre, Venezia, Italy; Institute of Polar Sciences - National Research Council (ISP-CNR), Campus Scientifico Via Torino 155, I-30170, Mestre, Venezia, Italy
| | - Annamaria Volpi Ghirardini
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University, Campus Scientifico Via Torino 155, I-30170, Mestre, Venezia, Italy
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