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Suzuki H, Makino W, Takahashi S, Urabe J. Assessment of toxic effects of imidacloprid on freshwater zooplankton: An experimental test for 27 species. Sci Total Environ 2024; 927:172378. [PMID: 38604362 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
The neonicotinoid pesticide imidacloprid has been used worldwide since 1992. As one of the most important chemicals used in pest control, there have been concerns that its run-off into rivers and lakes could adversely affect aquatic ecosystems, where zooplankton play a central role in the energy flow from primary to higher trophic levels. However, studies assessing the effects of pesticides at the species level have relied on a Daphnia-centric approach, and no studies have been conducted using species-level assessments on a broad range of zooplankton taxa. In the present study, we therefore investigated the acute toxicity of imidacloprid on 27 freshwater crustacean zooplankton (18 cladocerans, 3 calanoid copepods and 6 cyclopoid copepods). The experiment showed that a majority of calanoid copepods and cladocerans were not affected at all by imidacloprid, with the exception of one species each of Ceriodaphnia and Diaphasoma, while all six cyclopoid copepods showed high mortality rates, even at concentrations of imidacloprid typically found in nature. In addition, we found a remarkable intra-taxonomic variation in susceptibility to this chemical. As many cyclopoid copepods are omnivorous, they act as predators as well as competitors with other zooplankton. Accordingly, their susceptibility to imidacloprid is likely to cause different responses at the community level through changes in predation pressure as well as changes in competitive interactions. The present results demonstrate the need for species-level assessments of various zooplankton taxa to understand the complex responses of aquatic communities to pesticide disturbance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromichi Suzuki
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan.
| | - Wataru Makino
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Shinji Takahashi
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Jotaro Urabe
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
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2
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Noskov YA, Manasypov RM, Ermolaeva NI, Antonets DV, Shirokova LS, Pokrovsky OS. Environmental factors controlling seasonal and spatial variability of zooplankton in thermokarst lakes along a permafrost gradient of Western Siberia. Sci Total Environ 2024; 922:171284. [PMID: 38432389 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Humic thermokarst lakes of permafrost peatlands in Western Siberia Lowland (WSL) are major environmental controllers of carbon and nutrient storage in inland waters and greenhouse gases emissions to the atmosphere in the subarctic. In contrast to sizable former research devoted to hydrochemical and hydrobiological (phytoplankton) composition, zooplankton communities of these thermokarst lakes and thaw ponds remain poorly understood, especially along the latitudinal gradient, which is a perfect predictor of permafrost zones. To fill this gap, 69 thermokarst lakes of the WSL were sampled using unprecedented spatial coverage, from continuous to sporadic permafrost zone, in order to assess zooplankton (Cladocera, Copepoda, Rotifera) diversity and abundance across three main open water physiological seasons (spring, summer and autumn). We aimed at assessing the relationship of environmental factors (water column hydrochemistry, nutrients, and phytoplankton parameters) with the abundance and diversity of zooplankton. A total of 74 zooplankton species and taxa were detected, with an average eight taxa per lake/pond. Species richness increased towards the north and reached the maximum in the continuous permafrost zone with 13 species found in this zone only. In contrast, the number of species per waterbody decreased towards the north, which was mainly associated with a decrease in the number of cladocerans. Abundance and diversity of specific zooplankton groups strongly varied across the seasons and permafrost zones. Among the main environmental controllers, Redundancy Analysis revealed that water temperature, lake area, depth, pH, Dissolved Inorganic and Organic Carbon and CO2 concentrations were closely related to zooplankton abundance. Cladocerans were positively related to water temperature during all seasons. Copepods were positively related to depth and lake water pH in all seasons. Rotifers were related to different factors in each season, but were most strongly associated with DOC, depth, CH4, phytoplankton and cladoceran abundance. Under climate warming scenario, considering water temperature increase and permafrost boundary shift northward, one can expect an increase in the diversity and abundance of cladocerans towards the north which can lead to partial disappearance of copepods, especially rare calanoid species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yury A Noskov
- Biological Institute, BIO-GEO-CLIM Laboratory, Tomsk State University, 36 Lenin av., 634050 Tomsk, Russia; Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals SB RAS, 11 Frunze str., 630091 Novosibirsk, Russia.
| | - Rinat M Manasypov
- Biological Institute, BIO-GEO-CLIM Laboratory, Tomsk State University, 36 Lenin av., 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Nadezhda I Ermolaeva
- Institute for Water and Environmental Problems SB RAS, 1 Molodezhnaya str., 656038 Barnaul, Russia
| | - Denis V Antonets
- MSU Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119192 Moscow, Russia
| | - Liudmila S Shirokova
- Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research, Institute of Ecological Problem of the North, 23 Nab. Severnoi Dviny, 163000 Arkhangelsk, Russia
| | - Oleg S Pokrovsky
- GET UMR 5563 CNRS University of Toulouse (France), 14 Avenue Edouard Belin, 31400 Toulouse, France.
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Wang Q, Wang R, Yang X, Anderson NJ, Kong L. Interactive effects of climate-atmospheric cycling on aquatic communities and ecosystem shifts in mountain lakes of southeastern Tibetan Plateau. Sci Total Environ 2024; 914:169825. [PMID: 38199353 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Recent climate warming and atmospheric reactive nitrogen (Nr) deposition are affecting a broad spectrum of physical, ecological and human systems that may be irreversible on a century time scale and have the potential to cause regime shifts in ecological systems. These changes may alter the limnological conditions with important but still unclear effects on lake ecosystems. We present changes in cladoceran with comparisons to diatom assemblages over the past ~200 years from high-resolution, well-dated sediment cores retrieved from six high mountain lakes in the southeastern (SE) margin of the Tibetan Plateau. Our findings suggest that warming and the exponential increase of atmospheric Nr deposition are the major drivers of ecological regime changes. Shifts in cladoceran and diatom communities in high alpine lakes began over a century ago and intensified since 1950 CE, indicating a regional-scale response to anthropogenic climate warming. Zooplankton in the forest lakes showed asynchronous trajectories, with increased Nr deposition as a significant explanatory factor. Forest lakes with higher dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations partially buffered the impacts of Nr deposition with little structural change, while lakes with low DOC display symptoms of resilience loss related to Nr deposition. Biological community compositional turnover in subalpine lakes has shown marked shifts, equivalent to those of low-elevation lakes strongly affected by direct human impacts. This suggests that local effects override climatic forcing and that lake basin features modified by anthropogenic activity act as basin-specific filters of common forcing. Our results indicate that snow and glacial meltwaters along with nutrient enrichment related to climate warming and atmospheric Nr deposition, represent major threats for lake ecosystems, even in remote areas. We reveal that climate and atmospheric contaminants will further impact ecological conditions and alter aquatic food webs in higher altitude biomes if climate and anthropogenic forcing continue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 211135, China
| | - Rong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Xiangdong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 211135, China.
| | | | - Lingyang Kong
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Plateau Geographical Processes and Environmental Change, Faculty of Geography, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China
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Almeida RA, Fajgenblat M, Lemmens P, De Meester L. Pesticide exposure enhances dominance patterns in a zooplankton community. Ecol Appl 2023; 33:e2900. [PMID: 37335538 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to pesticides can profoundly alter community dynamics. It is expected that dominance patterns will be enhanced or reduced depending on whether the dominant species is less or more sensitive to the pesticide than the subdominant species. Community dynamics are, however, also determined by processes linked to population growth as well as competition at carrying capacity. Here, we used a mesocosm experiment to quantify the effect of chlorpyrifos exposure on the population dynamics of four cladoceran species (Daphnia magna, Daphnia pulicaria, Daphnia galeata and Scapholeberis mucronata) in mixed cultures, testing for direct effects of chlorpyrifos and indirect effects mediated by interactions with other species on the timing of population growth and dominance at carrying capacity. We also quantified whether the pesticide-induced changes in community dynamics affected top-down control of phytoplankton. By adding a treatment in which we used different genotype combinations of each species, we also tested to what extent genetic composition affects community responses to pesticide exposure. Immobilization tests showed that D. magna is the least sensitive to chlorpyrifos of the tested species. Chlorpyrifos exposure first leads to a reduction in the abundance of D. galeata to the benefit of D. pulicaria, and subsequently to a reduction in densities of D. pulicaria to the benefit of D. magna. This resulted in D. magna being more dominant in the pesticide than in the control treatment by the end of the experiment. There was no effect of genotypic differences on community patterns, and top-down control of phytoplankton was high in all treatments. Our results suggest that in this community dominance patterns are enhanced in line with the observed among-species differences in sensitivity to the pesticide. Our results also show that the development of the community in pesticide treatment is a complex interaction between direct and indirect effects of the pesticide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaela A Almeida
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and Conservation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maxime Fajgenblat
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and Conservation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Data Science Institute (DSI), Interuniversity Institute for Biostatistics and statistical Bioinformatics (I-BioStat), Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Pieter Lemmens
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and Conservation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Leibniz Institute für Gewasserökologie und Binnenfischerei (IGB), Berlin, Germany
| | - Luc De Meester
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and Conservation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Leibniz Institute für Gewasserökologie und Binnenfischerei (IGB), Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, Germany
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Jiang Y, Li Q, Wang Y, Jin J, Wei W, Zhang Y, Yang H. Polyester microplastic fibers induce mitochondrial damage, apoptosis and oxidative stress in Daphnia carinata, accompanied by changes in apoptotic and ferroptosis pathway. Aquat Toxicol 2023; 263:106690. [PMID: 37708703 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
With the widespread utilization of plastic products, microplastics (MPs) have merged as a newfound environmental contaminant in the United States, and the bulk of these MPs in the environment manifest as fibrous structures. Concerns have also been voiced regarding the potential hazards posed by microplastic fibers (MFs). However, research examining the toxicity of MFs, particularly in relation to planktonic organisms, remains severely limited. Meanwhile, polyester fiber materials find extensive applications across diverse industries. As a result, this investigation delved into the toxicology of polyester microplastic fibers (PET-MFs) with a focus on their impact on Daphnia carinata (D. carinata), a freshwater crustacean. Newly hatched D. carinata were subjected to varying concentrations of PET-MFs (0, 50, and 500 MFs/mL) to scrutinize the accumulation of PET-MFs within these organisms and their resultant toxicity. The outcomes revealed that D. carinata was capable of ingesting PET-MFs, leading to diminished rates of survival and reproduction. These effects were accompanied by mitochondrial impairment, heightened mitochondrial count, apoptosis, escalated generation of reactive oxygen species, augmented activity of antioxidant enzymes, and distinct patterns of gene expression. Interestingly, when comparing the group exposed to 50 MFs/mL with the one exposed to 500 MFs/mL, it was observed that the former triggered a more pronounced degree of mitochondrial damage, apoptosis, and oxidative stress. This phenomenon could be attributed to the fact that brief exposure to 500 MFs/mL resulted in greater mortality, eliminating individuals with lower adaptability. Those that survived managed to regulate elevated in vivo reactive oxygen species levels through an increase in glutathione S-transferase content, thereby establishing an adaptive mechanism. Low concentrations did not induce direct mortality, yet PET-MFs continued to inflict harm within the organism. RNA-seq analysis unveiled significant alterations in 279 and 55 genes in the 50 MFs/mL and 500 MFs/mL exposure groups, respectively. Functional enrichment analysis of the 50 MFs/mL group indicated involvement of the apoptosis pathway and ferroptosis pathway in the toxic effects exerted by PET-MFs on D. carinata. This study imparts valuable insights into the toxicological ramifications of PET-MFs on D. carinata, underscoring their potential risks within aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinan Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, 48 Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Qing Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, 48 Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Yuting Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, 48 Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Jiaqi Jin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, 48 Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Wenzhi Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, 48 Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Yingying Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, 48 Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Hui Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, 48 Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China.
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Gräf T, Koch V, Köser J, Fischer J, Tessarek C, Filser J. Biotic and Abiotic Interactions in Freshwater Mesocosms Determine Fate and Toxicity of CuO Nanoparticles. Environ Sci Technol 2023; 57:12376-12387. [PMID: 37561908 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c00493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Transformation, dissolution, and sorption of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO-NP) play an important role in freshwater ecosystems. We present the first mesocosm experiment on the fate of CuO-NP and the dynamics of the zooplankton community over a period of 12 months. Increasingly low (0.08-0.28 mg Cu L-1) and high (0.99-2.99 mg Cu L-1) concentrations of CuO-NP and CuSO4 (0.10-0.34 mg Cu L-1) were tested in a multiple dosing scenario. At the high applied concentration (CuO-NP_H) CuO-NP aggregated and sank onto the sediment layer, where we recovered 63% of Cu applied. For the low concentration (CuO-NP_L) only 41% of applied copper could be recovered in the sediment. In the water column, the percentage of initially applied Cu recovered was on average 3-fold higher for CuO-NP_L than for CuO-NP_H. Zooplankton abundance was substantially compromised in the treatments CuSO4 (p < 0.001) and CuO-NP_L (p < 0.001). Community analysis indicated that Cladocera were most affected (bk = -0.49), followed by Nematocera (bk = -0.32). The abundance of Cladocera over time and of Dixidae in summer was significantly reduced in the treatment CuO-NP_L (p < 0.001; p < 0.05) compared to the Control. Our results indicate a higher potential for negative impacts on the freshwater community when lower concentrations of CuO-NP (<0.1 mg Cu L-1) enter the ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonya Gräf
- FB 02 UFT - Centre for Environmental Research and Sustainable Technology, General and Theoretical Ecology, University of Bremen, Leobener Str. 6, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Viviane Koch
- FB 02 UFT - Centre for Environmental Research and Sustainable Technology, General and Theoretical Ecology, University of Bremen, Leobener Str. 6, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Jan Köser
- FB 02 UFT - Centre for Environmental Research and Sustainable Technology, Chemical Process Engineering, University of Bremen, Leobener Str. 6, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Jonas Fischer
- FB 02 UFT - Centre for Environmental Research and Sustainable Technology, General and Theoretical Ecology, University of Bremen, Leobener Str. 6, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Christian Tessarek
- Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Bremen, Otto-Hahn-Allee 1, 6, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Juliane Filser
- FB 02 UFT - Centre for Environmental Research and Sustainable Technology, General and Theoretical Ecology, University of Bremen, Leobener Str. 6, 28359 Bremen, Germany
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Hajredini A, Demelezi F, Somlyai I, Grigorszky I, Berta C. Possible mediation of Cladocera species by a researcher's chest wader. Heliyon 2023; 9:e16725. [PMID: 37303560 PMCID: PMC10248275 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Mediation of aquatic species has become an increasing problem for the last few decades. With the increasing commercial import, species' direct or indirect spread can gain more space. There are several ways for them to land in their new home and spread through the country. Most of the aquatic species are spread by waterways, boats, vehicles, or even with the help of humans. Cladocerans have a good dispersal ability, thanks to their small size, additionally they possess good adaptation, and mechanisms to develop resting eggs. Benthic or littoral species can be mediated much more easily due to their living space, and with the help of human activities (e.g., scientists, anglers and people working in water bodies) they have a higher chance to colonize new habitats. Our goal was to explore if Cladocera species might be mediated by a scientist chest wader, while sampling in similar-sized, close-to-each other lakes, with different utilization. Most of the species were found in abandoned fishing lakes, followed by oxbow lakes (protected), and ultimately in intensively fished lakes. NMDS showed that samples from lakes with the same utilization are similar to each other. Differently utilized lakes can have various Cladocera species, even though they are closely related to each other. Based on the results, scientists can mediate species on their chest wader from lake to lake and may deteriorate the results. We recommend a necessary chest wader cleaning after every sampling process, especially when samples are taken from differently utilized lakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arber Hajredini
- Department of Hydrobiology, University of Debrecen, Hungary
- Pál Juhász-Nagy Doctoral School of Biology and Environmental Sciences, University of Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Florent Demelezi
- Department of Water Management and Climate Adaptation, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Imre Somlyai
- Department of Hydrobiology, University of Debrecen, Hungary
- National Laboratory for Water Science and Water Security, University of Debrecen, Department of Hydrobiology, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - István Grigorszky
- Department of Hydrobiology, University of Debrecen, Hungary
- National Laboratory for Water Science and Water Security, University of Debrecen, Department of Hydrobiology, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Csaba Berta
- Department of Hydrobiology, University of Debrecen, Hungary
- National Laboratory for Water Science and Water Security, University of Debrecen, Department of Hydrobiology, Debrecen, Hungary
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Rajarajan A, Wolinska J, Walser JC, Dennis SR, Spaak P. Host-Associated Bacterial Communities Vary Between Daphnia galeata Genotypes but Not by Host Genetic Distance. Microb Ecol 2023; 85:1578-1589. [PMID: 35486140 PMCID: PMC10167167 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-022-02011-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Host genotype may shape host-associated bacterial communities (commonly referred to as microbiomes). We sought to determine (a) whether bacterial communities vary among host genotypes in the water flea Daphnia galeata and (b) if this difference is driven by the genetic distance between host genotypes, by using D. galeata genotypes hatched from sediments of different time periods. We used 16S amplicon sequencing to profile the gut and body bacterial communities of eight D. galeata genotypes hatched from resting eggs; these were isolated from two distinct sediment layers (dating to 1989 and 2009) of a single sediment core of the lake Greifensee, and maintained in a common garden in laboratory cultures for 5 years. In general, bacterial community composition varied in both the Daphnia guts and bodies; but not between genotypes from different sediment layers. Specifically, genetic distances between host genotypes did not correlate with beta diversity of bacterial communities in Daphnia guts and bodies. Our results indicate that Daphnia bacterial community structure is to some extent determined by a host genetic component, but that genetic distances between hosts do not correlate with diverging bacterial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amruta Rajarajan
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag), Dübendorf, Switzerland.
| | - Justyna Wolinska
- Department of Evolutionary and Integrative Ecology, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacy, Institut Für Biologie, Freie Universität Berlin (FU), Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Stuart R Dennis
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag), Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Piet Spaak
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag), Dübendorf, Switzerland
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Wang L, Deng Z, Blair D, Hu W, Yin M. Phylogeography and genetic diversity of the Scapholeberis kingii species complex ( Cladocera: Daphniidae) in China. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2023; 181:107725. [PMID: 36736845 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2023.107725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
There is increasing interest in the diversity and phylogeography of aquatic invertebrate zooplankton in the Eastern Palearctic, yet this topic remains largely unexplored in China. Here, we investigated the lineage diversity and phylogeography of an important cladoceran taxon, the Scapholeberis kingii (Cladocera: Daphniidae) species complex, members of which live in the surface layers of freshwater ecosystems. We identified only the S. smirnovi morphospecies from this species complex in 29 of 491 Chinese water bodies examined. Its phylogenetic position was verified using both a mitochondrial (mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I; COI) and a nuclear marker (the nuclear large subunit ribosomal RNA gene; 28S). Pronounced geographical separation among three S. smirnovi mitochondrial lineages was observed in China: only a single lineage (Lineage A) was present in the Eastern Plain, whereas Lineages B and C were restricted to the Inner Mongolia-Xinjiang Plateau and the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau respectively. This deep mtDNA divergence and the substantial genetic differentiation among S. smirnovi populations from different regions is likely a result of the rapid uplift of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and associated ecological changes. This study contributes to an understanding of the genetic diversity of the S. kingii complex, a key component of neustonic zooplankton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lugege Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Songhu Road 2005, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhixiong Deng
- MOE Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Songhu Road 2005, Shanghai, China
| | - David Blair
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia
| | - Wei Hu
- MOE Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Songhu Road 2005, Shanghai, China; Department of Microbiology and Bioengineering, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Mingbo Yin
- MOE Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Songhu Road 2005, Shanghai, China.
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Vera-Herrera L, Araújo CVM, Cordero-de-Castro A, Blasco J, Picó Y. Assessing the colonization by Daphnia magna of pesticide-disturbed habitats (chlorpyrifos, terbuthylazine and their mixtures) and the behavioral and neurotoxic effects. Environ Pollut 2022; 311:119983. [PMID: 35988674 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The spread of pesticides in water bodies integrated into agricultural landscapes may prevent some areas from being colonized. In this study, the effects on the colonization responses of D. magna exerted by gradients of realistic environmental concentrations of the pesticides chlorpyrifos, terbuthylazine and their mixtures were tested in a novel multicompartment non-forced exposure system. Furthermore, the effects of both pesticides and their mixtures on the swimming behavior and the neurotransmission activity of D. magna were analyzed using a traditional forced exposure system. The synthesis and concentration of the main environmental metabolites of terbuthylazine were also analyzed. Results confirmed that D. magna exposed to mixture gradients were able to detect the pollutants and their colonization dynamics were drastically inhibited. The swimming behavior increased in D. magna exposed to the highest concentration of the mixture treatment. AChE activity was only significantly inhibited in the D. magna exposed to the highest concentration of chlorpyrifos. Changes in swimming behavior could not be directly related to the effects on AChE. Furthermore, the synthesis of the metabolite terbuthylazine 2-hydroxy during the course of the experiments was confirmed. These results demonstrate the importance of integrating pesticide mixtures in both non-forced and forced exposure systems during ecotoxicological assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Vera-Herrera
- Food and Environmental Safety Research Group of the University of Valencia (SAMA-UV), Desertification Research Centre (CIDE), CSIC-UV-GV, Moncada-Naquera Road, Km 4.5, 46113, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Cristiano V M Araújo
- Department of Ecology and Coastal Management, Institute of Marine Sciences of Andalusia (ICMAN - CSIC), Puerto Real, Cádiz, 11510, Spain.
| | - Andrea Cordero-de-Castro
- Department of Ecology and Coastal Management, Institute of Marine Sciences of Andalusia (ICMAN - CSIC), Puerto Real, Cádiz, 11510, Spain.
| | - Julián Blasco
- Department of Ecology and Coastal Management, Institute of Marine Sciences of Andalusia (ICMAN - CSIC), Puerto Real, Cádiz, 11510, Spain.
| | - Yolanda Picó
- Food and Environmental Safety Research Group of the University of Valencia (SAMA-UV), Desertification Research Centre (CIDE), CSIC-UV-GV, Moncada-Naquera Road, Km 4.5, 46113, Valencia, Spain.
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11
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Abstract
Water fleas of the genus Daphnia have been a model system for hundreds of years and is among the best studied ecological model organisms to date. Daphnia are planktonic crustaceans with a cyclic parthenogenetic life-cycle. They have a nearly worldwide distribution, inhabiting standing fresh- and brackish water bodies, from small temporary pools to large lakes. Their predominantly asexual reproduction allows for the study of phenotypes excluding genetic variation, enabling us to separate genetic from non-genetic effects. Daphnia are often used in studies related to ecotoxicology, predator-induced defence, host–parasite interactions, phenotypic plasticity and, increasingly, in evolutionary genomics. The most commonly studied species are Daphnia magna and D. pulex, for which a rapidly increasing number of genetic and genomic tools are available. Here, I review current research topics, where the Daphnia model system plays a critical role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dieter Ebert
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Zoology, University of Basel, Vesalgasse 1, CH-4051, Basel, Switzerland.
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12
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Kim DH, Lee YH, Sayed AEDH, Choi IY, Lee JS. Genome-wide identification of 194 G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) genes from the water flea Daphnia magna. Comp Biochem Physiol Part D Genomics Proteomics 2022; 42:100983. [PMID: 35367896 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2022.100983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In crustaceans, G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest transmembrane receptor family and function by mediating various environmental stimuli in cells. Understanding GPCR signaling is crucial to better understanding of crustacean endocrinology. GPCRs evolved from early eukaryotes, and genome-wide identification of GPCRs in a particular taxon can provide insight into evolutionary tendencies and adaptive strategies of GPCR response to environmental stimuli. Here, we identified 194 full-length GPCR genes in the water flea Daphnia magna that can be divided into five distinct classes (A, B, C, F, and other). A strong orthologous relationship for amine, neuropeptide, and opsin receptors was found in the phylogenetic comparison of D. magna GPCRs to those of humans and two well-known insects (Drosophila melanogaster and Solenopsis invicta). Our results based on phylogenetic relationships suggest that most GPCRs subfamilies have undergone sporadic evolutionary processes for adaptation to environmental pressures. Despite the dynamics of GPCR evolution, some GPCRs are highly conserved between species. This study provides a better understanding of the evolution of GPCRs and expands our knowledge of the potential physiological mechanisms in D. magna in response to various environmental stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duck-Hyun Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Young Hwan Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Alaa El-Din H Sayed
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, 71516 Assiut, Egypt
| | - Ik-Young Choi
- Department of Agricultural Life Industry, College of Lifelong Learning, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, South Korea.
| | - Jae-Seong Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea.
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13
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Gu YL, Sun CH, Liu P, Zhang X, Sinev AY, Dumont HJ, Han BP. Complete mitochondrial genome of Ovalona pulchella (Branchiopoda, Cladocera) as the first representative in the family Chydoridae: Gene rearrangements and phylogenetic analysis of Cladocera. Gene X 2022; 818:146230. [PMID: 35093448 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chydoridae are phytophilic-benthic microcrustaceans that make up a significant proportion of species diversity and play an important role in the littoral zone of freshwater ecosystems worldwide. Here, we provide the complete mitochondrial genome of Ovalona pulchella (King, 1853), determined by next-generation sequencing. The entire mitochondrial genome is 15,362 bp in length; this is the first sequenced mitochondrial genome in the family Chydoridae. The base composition and codon usage were typical of Cladocera species. The mitochondrial gene arrangement (37 genes) was not consistent with that of other Branchiopoda. Both maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses supported each suborder and family of Branchiopoda as monophyletic groups. The relationships among the families were as follows: [(Leptestheriidae + Limnadiidae) + (Sididae + (Bosminidae + (Chydoridae + Daphniidae)))] + Triopsidae. The newly sequenced O. pulchella was most closely related to the family Daphniidae. The complete mitochondrial genome of O. pulchella also provides valuable molecular information for further analysis of the phylogeny of the Chydoridae and the taxonomic status of the Branchiopoda.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Liang Gu
- Department of Ecology and Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People's Republic of China, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Cheng-He Sun
- Department of Ecology and Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Ping Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu 225127, China.
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Department of Ecology and Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Artem Y Sinev
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Biological Faculty, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Henri J Dumont
- Department of Ecology and Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Bo-Ping Han
- Department of Ecology and Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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14
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Mano H, Shinohara N, Peters A, Garman E, Middleton E, Schlekat C, Naito W. Variation in chronic nickel toxicity to Daphnia magna among Japanese river waters and performance evaluation of bioavailability models in predicting the toxicity. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:27664-27676. [PMID: 34984608 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-18335-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nickel (Ni) ecotoxicity is dictated by water chemistry characteristics such as pH, water hardness, and amount of dissolved organic carbon. Bioavailability models have been developed to predict Ni toxicity and validated for European, Australian, and US natural waters. In this study, chronic toxicity tests in Ni-spiked Japanese river waters were conducted on a strain of Daphnia magna to test whether the chronic toxicity differs among Japanese natural waters with different water chemistries. Based on the results of chronic Ni toxicity tests, we assessed the performance of existing D. magna bioavailability models, which were developed in artificial waters (Model 1) and calibrated in European natural waters (Model 2), in terms of the accuracy and the bias of model predictions. Furthermore, we also calibrated the two models by using toxicity test results to develop a bioavailability model for Ni chronic toxicity to the strain of D. magna in Japanese river waters. The 10%, 20%, and 50% effect concentrations (EC10, EC20, and EC50) of dissolved Ni on reproduction of the D. magna strain were within ranges from 8.1 to 44.9 μg/L, 9.0 to 57.1 μg/L, and 10.9 to 86.1 μg/L, respectively. Results indicate that differences in water chemistry among Japanese river waters influenced chronic Ni toxicity to the model organism. Model 1predicted 43% of the observed EC10, EC20, and EC50 values within a factor of 2 and 100%, 100%, and 43% within a factor of 3, respectively. Model 2 predicted 14%, 14%, and 29% of the observed EC10, EC20, and EC50 values within a factor of 2 and 43% within a factor of 3. The values of model bias based on the geometric mean of ratios of EC10, EC20 and EC50 values predicted by each of the two models and observed EC10, EC20, and EC50 values were 0.71, 0.65, and 0.62 for Model 1 and 0.27, 0.26, and 0.29 for Model 2, respectively. After calibrating two models using the results of toxicity tests, refined Model 1 predicted 71%, 57%, and 57% of observed EC10, EC20, and EC50 values within a factor of 2 and 100%, 86%, and 100% within a factor of 3; refined Model 2 predicted 71% of observed EC10, EC20, and EC50 values within a factor 2 and 100%, 86%, and 86% within a factor of 3, respectively. Our results indicate that calibrating the Ni bioavailability models in Japanese natural waters increased their predictive capacity by a factor of up to approximately five.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Mano
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Research Institute of Science for Safety and Sustainability, Tsukuba City, Ibaraki, Japan.
| | - Naohide Shinohara
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Research Institute of Science for Safety and Sustainability, Tsukuba City, Ibaraki, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | - Wataru Naito
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Research Institute of Science for Safety and Sustainability, Tsukuba City, Ibaraki, Japan
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15
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Simmatis B, Rühland KM, Evans M, Meyer-Jacob C, Kirk J, Muir DCG, Smol JP. Metal contamination in alkaline Phantom Lake (Flin Flon, Manitoba, Canada) generates strong responses in multiple paleolimnological proxies. Sci Total Environ 2022; 811:152299. [PMID: 34896499 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The copper-zinc smelter at Flin Flon (Manitoba) operated between 1930 and 2010 and emitted large amounts of metal(loid)s and sulphur dioxide into the atmosphere, damaging the surrounding terrestrial landscapes and depositing airborne industrial pollutants into aquatic ecosystems. However, the extent of biological impairment in regional lakes is largely unknown. Here, we analysed biological and geochemical proxies preserved in a dated sediment core from Phantom Lake, collected seven years after the smelter closed in 2010. Our objectives were to determine how smelting history affected long-term trends in (1) sedimentary elements, (2) biota across multiple trophic levels, and (3) spectrally-inferred chlorophyll a and lake-water total organic carbon. The effects of smelting activities were clearest in the diatom record, in concordance with modest responses in chironomid and cladoceran assemblages. Several metal(loid)s were naturally high and exceeded sediment quality guidelines during the pre-smelting era. With the opening of the smelter, metal(loid) concentrations in sediments increased through the 1930s, peaked in the 1960s, and declined thereafter with technological improvements but remained above background to this day. Although modest declines in inferred lake-water total organic carbon indicate reduced terrestrial carbon supply following sulphate deposition in the catchment, the diatom record showed no evidence of acidification as the lake was and remained well-buffered. Pre-smelting diatom and invertebrate assemblages were diverse and indicated oligo-mesotrophic conditions. Smelting was associated with the loss of metal-sensitive biological indicators and the emergence of assemblages dominated by metal-tolerant, generalist taxa. Diatoms tracked substantial reductions in aerial emissions since the 1990s, particularly after the smelter closed, but also indicated that the biological effects of metal pollution persist in Phantom Lake. Examining the effects of a base metal smelter on a well-buffered lake offered insights into multi-trophic level responses to severe metal contamination and potential recovery without the confounding effects of concurrent changes in lake acidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigitte Simmatis
- Paleoecological Environmental Assessment and Research Lab (PEARL), Department of Biology, Queen's University, 116 Barrie St., Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada.
| | - Kathleen M Rühland
- Paleoecological Environmental Assessment and Research Lab (PEARL), Department of Biology, Queen's University, 116 Barrie St., Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Marlene Evans
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, 11 Innovation Blvd., Saskatoon, SK S7N 3H5, Canada
| | - Carsten Meyer-Jacob
- Paleoecological Environmental Assessment and Research Lab (PEARL), Department of Biology, Queen's University, 116 Barrie St., Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Jane Kirk
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, 867 Lakeshore Rd., Burlington, ON L7S 1A1, Canada
| | - Derek C G Muir
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, 867 Lakeshore Rd., Burlington, ON L7S 1A1, Canada
| | - John P Smol
- Paleoecological Environmental Assessment and Research Lab (PEARL), Department of Biology, Queen's University, 116 Barrie St., Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
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16
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Ishimota M, Kodama M, Tomiyama N. Possible enzymatic mechanism underlying chemical tolerance and characteristics of tolerant population in Scapholeberis kingi. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:18989-19002. [PMID: 34705208 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17071-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
To determine the potential effects of pesticides on aquatic organisms inhabiting a realistic environment, we explored the characteristics and mechanisms of chemical tolerance in Scapholeberis kingi(Cladocera). We established a chemical-tolerant population via continuous exposure to pirimicarb, an acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor, and examined the effects of pirimicarb concentration on the intrinsic growth rates (r) of tolerant cladocerans. We also explored the association between r and feeding rate and tested the involvement of antioxidant enzymes [peroxidase (PO) and superoxide dismutase] and AChE in pirimicarb sensitivity. S. kingi was continuously exposed to lethal and sublethal pirimicarb concentrations (0, 2.5, 5, and 10 µg/L) for 15 generations, and changes (half maximal effective concentration at 48 h, 48 h-EC50) in chemical sensitivity were investigated. In the F14 generation, the sensitivity of the 10 µg/L group was three times lower than that of the control group, suggesting the acquisition of chemical tolerance. Moreover, r was significantly and negatively correlated with 48 h-EC50, suggesting a fitness cost for tolerance. Surprisingly, there was no significant correlation between r and feeding rate. There was a weak but significant positive correlation between each enzyme activity and the 48 h-EC50 value (p < 0.05). Thus, oxidative stress regulation and enhanced AChE may be involved in the acquisition of chemical tolerance in cladocerans. These findings will help elucidate the characteristics and mechanisms of chemical tolerance in aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Ishimota
- Laboratory of Residue Analysis II, Chemistry Division, The Institute of Environmental Toxicology, Uchimoriya-machi, Joso-shi, 4321, Ibaraki, 303-0043, Japan.
| | - Mebuki Kodama
- Laboratory of Residue Analysis II, Chemistry Division, The Institute of Environmental Toxicology, Uchimoriya-machi, Joso-shi, 4321, Ibaraki, 303-0043, Japan
| | - Naruto Tomiyama
- Laboratory of Residue Analysis II, Chemistry Division, The Institute of Environmental Toxicology, Uchimoriya-machi, Joso-shi, 4321, Ibaraki, 303-0043, Japan
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17
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Abstract
Mutations that cause structural variation are important sources of genetic variation upon which other evolutionary forces can act, however, they are difficult to observe and therefore few direct estimates of their rate and spectrum are available. Understanding mutation rate evolution, however, requires adding to the limited number of species for which direct estimates are available, quantifying levels of intraspecific variation in mutation rates, and assessing whether rate estimates co-vary across types of mutation. Here, we report structural variation-causing mutation rates (svcMRs) for six categories of mutations (short insertions and deletions, long deletions and duplications, and deletions and duplications at copy number variable sites) from nine genotypes of Daphnia magna collected from three populations in Finland, Germany, and Israel using a mutation accumulation approach. Based on whole-genome sequence data and validated using simulations, we find svcMRs are high (two orders of magnitude higher than base substitution mutation rates measured in the same lineages), highly variable among populations, and uncorrelated across categories of mutation. Furthermore, to assess the impact of scvMRs on the genome, we calculated rates while adjusting for the lengths of events and ran simulations to determine if the mutations occur in genic regions more or less frequently than expected by chance. Our results pose a challenge to most prevailing theories aimed at explaining the evolution of the mutation rate, underscoring the importance of obtaining additional mutation rate estimates in more genotypes, for more types of mutation, in more species, in order to improve our future understanding of mutation rates, their variation, and their evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eddie K H Ho
- Department of Biology, Reed College, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Sarah Schaack
- Department of Biology, Reed College, Portland, Oregon, USA
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18
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Van Damme K, Cornetti L, Fields PD, Ebert D. Whole-Genome Phylogenetic Reconstruction as a Powerful Tool to Reveal Homoplasy and Ancient Rapid Radiation in Waterflea Evolution. Syst Biol 2021; 71:777-787. [PMID: 34850935 PMCID: PMC9203061 DOI: 10.1093/sysbio/syab094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Although phylogeny estimation is notoriously difficult in radiations that occurred several hundred million years ago, phylogenomic approaches offer new ways to examine relationships among ancient lineages and evaluate hypotheses that are key to evolutionary biology. Here, we reconstruct the deep-rooted relationships of one of the oldest living arthropod clades, the branchiopod crustaceans, using a kaleidoscopic approach. We use concatenation and coalescent tree-building methods to analyze a large multigene data set at the nucleotide and amino acid level and examine gene tree versus species tree discordance. We unequivocally resolve long-debated relationships among extant orders of the Cladocera, the waterfleas, an ecologically relevant zooplankton group in global aquatic and marine ecosystems that is famous for its model systems in ecology and evolution. To build the data set, we assembled eight de novo genomes of key taxa including representatives of all extant cladoceran orders and suborders. Our phylogenetic analysis focused on a BUSCO-based set of 823 conserved single-copy orthologs shared among 23 representative taxa spanning all living branchiopod orders, including 11 cladoceran families. Our analysis supports the monophyly of the Cladocera and reveals remarkable homoplasy in their body plans. We found large phylogenetic distances between lineages with similar ecological specializations, indicating independent evolution in major body plans, such as in the pelagic predatory orders Haplopoda and Onychopoda (the “Gymnomera”). In addition, we assessed rapid cladogenesis by estimating relative timings of divergence in major lineages using reliable fossil-calibrated priors on eight nodes in the branchiopod tree, suggesting a Paleozoic origin around 325 Ma for the cladoceran ancestor and an ancient rapid radiation around 252 Ma at the Perm/Triassic boundary. These findings raise new questions about the roles of homoplasy and rapid radiation in the diversification of the cladocerans and help examine trait evolution from a genomic perspective in a functionally well understood, ancient arthropod group. [Cladocera; Daphnia; evolution; homoplasy; molecular clock; phylogenomics; systematics; waterfleas.]
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Affiliation(s)
- Kay Van Damme
- Centre for Academic Heritage and Archives & Ghent University Botanical Garden, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.,Tvärminne Zoological Station (TZS), University of Helsinki, J.A. Palménin tie 260, Hanko, Finland
| | - Luca Cornetti
- University of Basel, Department of Environmental Sciences, Zoology, Vesalgasse 1, 4051 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Peter D Fields
- University of Basel, Department of Environmental Sciences, Zoology, Vesalgasse 1, 4051 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dieter Ebert
- University of Basel, Department of Environmental Sciences, Zoology, Vesalgasse 1, 4051 Basel, Switzerland
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19
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Baturina M, Kononova O, Fefilova E, Loskutova O. The fauna of aquatic invertebrates in the river impacted by wastewaters from the pulp and paper industry (Komi Republic). Biodivers Data J 2021; 9:e75362. [PMID: 34840508 PMCID: PMC8613131 DOI: 10.3897/bdj.9.e75362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Invertebrates are important elements of aquatic ecosystems and play a crucial role in the transformation of matter and energy in continental water bodies. Communities of aquatic invertebrates are characterised by high sensitivity to pollution by nutrients and toxic substances and acidification of water bodies; they serve as good bioindicators of the quality of the aquatic environment and impacts on hydroecosystems. All hydrobionts participate in the processes of self-purification of water bodies.The presented dataset provides information on the aquatic invertebrate community of a large northern river. During 2018-2020, we collected data on changes in the quantitative indicators of the development of benthic and planktonic communities, as well as the species diversity of their fauna. The dataset combines information about the occurrence and abundance of benthic and planktonic invertebrates and summarises data of aquatic invertebrate species found in the Vychegda River in the zone of influence from the pulp and paper mill. NEW INFORMATION The presented dataset is part of a monitoring programme of the river ecosystems in the production area of Mondi Syktyvkar JSC (the European North-East of Russia, Komi Republic). The dataset describes the structure of benthic invertebrate and plankton communities in the Northern Dvina River Basin. The data on the finding and abundance of large taxa of aquatic invertebrates and species of some groups: Oligochaeta, Cladocera, Copepoda, Rotifera, Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera are presented. In total, the resource includes 8720 findings of invertebrates, of which 6041 are for zoobenthos organisms and 2679 for zooplankton organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Baturina
- Institute of Biology of Komi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, RussiaInstitute of Biology of Komi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesSyktyvkarRussia
| | - Olga Kononova
- Institute of Biology of Komi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, RussiaInstitute of Biology of Komi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesSyktyvkarRussia
| | - Elena Fefilova
- Institute of Biology of Komi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, RussiaInstitute of Biology of Komi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesSyktyvkarRussia
| | - Olga Loskutova
- Institute of Biology of Komi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, RussiaInstitute of Biology of Komi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesSyktyvkarRussia
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20
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Clark AJ, Labaj AL, Smol JP, Campbell LM, Kurek J. Arsenic and mercury contamination and complex aquatic bioindicator responses to historical gold mining and modern watershed stressors in urban Nova Scotia, Canada. Sci Total Environ 2021; 787:147374. [PMID: 34045077 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Beginning in the late-1800s, gold mining activities throughout Nova Scotia, eastern Canada, released contaminants, notably geogenic arsenic from milled ore and anthropogenic mercury from amalgamation, to local environments via surface water flows through tailings fields. We investigated recovery from and legacy effects of the tailings field at the Montague Gold District (~1863-1940) on nearby urban lake ecosystems using geochemical measures and zooplankton remains archived in dated sediment cores from an impact (Lake Charles) and a reference (Loon Lake) lake. Sedimentary levels of total arsenic and total mercury were used to assess mining-related inputs. Arsenic concentrations remain elevated at nearly 300 times above sediment guidelines in Lake Charles surface sediments, due to its upward mobilization from enriched sediment intervals and sequestration by iron oxyhydroxides in surficial sediments. Peak mercury concentrations at Lake Charles were eight times above sediment guidelines during the mining period, and since ~1990 have recovered to levels observed before mining began. Legacy mining impacts at Lake Charles and non-mining related environmental changes in the post-1950 sediments at both lakes have thus combined to structure assemblage compositions of primary consumers. At both lakes, assemblages of pelagic-dominated Cladocera differed (p ≤ 0.05) during the mining period compared to periods before and after mining. Taxon richness differed (p ≤ 0.01) only between the pre- and post-mining periods at mining-impacted Lake Charles and reflects long-term declines of substrate-dwelling littoral taxa. Geochemical and biological recovery have not completely occurred at Lake Charles despite the mine district's closure ~80 years ago. Our findings demonstrate that impacts of ore processing and amalgamation from historical gold mining, combined with recent watershed stressors, continue to affect sedimentary arsenic geochemistry and intermediate trophic levels of nearby, downstream aquatic habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison J Clark
- Department of Geography and Environment, Mount Allison University, Sackville, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Andrew L Labaj
- Department of Geography and Environment, Mount Allison University, Sackville, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - John P Smol
- Paleoecological Environmental Assessment and Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Linda M Campbell
- Environmental Sciences Department, Saint Mary's University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Joshua Kurek
- Department of Geography and Environment, Mount Allison University, Sackville, New Brunswick, Canada.
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21
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Xu SL, Han BP, Martínez A, Schwentner M, Fontaneto D, Dumont HJ, Kotov AA. Mitogenomics of Cladocera (Branchiopoda): Marked gene order rearrangements and independent predation roots. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2021; 164:107275. [PMID: 34339827 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2021.107275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Cladocera (Crustacea: Branchiopoda) is a key group of invertebrates. Despite a long history of phylogenetic research, relationships within this group remain disputed. We here provide new insights based on 15 new mitochondrial genomes obtained from high-throughput sequencing (HTS) and 40 mitogenomes extracted from published HTS datasets. Together with 25 mitogenomes from GenBank, we generated a matrix of 80 mitogenomes, 44 of them belonging to Cladocera. We also obtained a matrix with 168 nuclear orthologous genes to further assess the phylogenetic result from mitogenomes based on published data and one new HTS data ofLeptodora. Maximum likelihood and Bayesian phylogenetic analyses recovered all Branchiopoda orders as monophyletic and supported a sister-group relationship between Anomopoda and Onychopoda, making the taxon Gymnomera paraphyletic and supporting an independent origin of predatory Haplopoda and Onychopoda. The nuclear phylogeny and topological tests also support Gymnomera as paraphyletic, and the nuclear phylogeny strongly supports a sister-group relationship between Ctenopoda and Haplopoda. We provide a fossil-calibrated time tree, congruent with a Carboniferous origin for Cladocera and a subsequent diversification of the crown group of Anomopoda, Onychopoda, and Ctenopoda, at least in the Triassic. Despite their long evolutionary history, non-Cladoceran Branchiopoda exhibited high mitogenome structural stability. On the other hand, 21 out of 24 gene rearrangements occurred within the relatively younger Cladocera. We found the differential base compositional skewness patterns between Daphnia s.s. and Ctenodaphnia, which might be related to the divergence between these taxa. We also provide evidence to support the recent finding that Spinicaudata possesses mitogenomes with inversed compositional skewness without gene rearrangement. Such a pattern has only been reported in Spinicaudata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Lin Xu
- Jinan University, Department of Ecology, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Bo-Ping Han
- Jinan University, Department of Ecology, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Alejandro Martínez
- National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Water Research Institute (IRSA), Molecular Ecology Group (MEG), Largo Tonolli 50, I-28922 Verbania Pallanza, Italy
| | | | - Diego Fontaneto
- National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Water Research Institute (IRSA), Molecular Ecology Group (MEG), Largo Tonolli 50, I-28922 Verbania Pallanza, Italy
| | - Henri J Dumont
- Jinan University, Department of Ecology, Guangzhou 510632, China; Ghent University, Department of Biology, Ledeganckstraat 35, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Alexey A Kotov
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology and Invasions, A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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Sim Y, Byeon MS, Kim K, Yu SJ, Im JK. Influence of Zooplankton and Environmental Factors on Clear-Water Phase in Lake Paldang, South Korea. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:ijerph18137205. [PMID: 34281142 PMCID: PMC8297077 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18137205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Lake Paldang is a complex water system with both fluvial and lacustrine characteristics and the largest artificial dam lake in South Korea. In this study, the different occurrence patterns and causes of the clear-water phase (CWP) were investigated using water quality and hydrological factors at four sites in Lake Paldang. Among the environmental and other factors associated with CWP occurrence, secchi depth and turbidity exhibited significant correlations with precipitation, hydraulic retention time (HRT), and individual and relative abundance (RA) of zooplankton (Cladocera) (p < 0.01). Hence, a change in the HRT because of precipitation could alter the CWP. The Cladocera individuals and RA showed significant correlations with the water temperature, indicating that the emergence of Cladocera in spring as the water temperature rises could cause the CWP. Sensitivity assessments conducted using Bayesian models demonstrated different CWP occurrence sensitivity relationships for the river-type, lake-type, and shallow and deep sites. Turbidity, secchi depth, and zooplankton factors also showed sensitive relationships with CWP occurrence for all sites. The sensitivity to precipitation and HRT was higher in the river-type sites. The lake-type sites, with common Cladocera emergence and long HRT, favored CWP occurrence. Thus, CWP occurrence was dependent on the site characteristics and climate conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younbo Sim
- Han River Environment Research Center, National Institute of Environmental Research, 42, Dumulmeori-gil 68beon-gil, Yangseo-myeon, Yangpyeong-gun 12585, Korea; (Y.S.); (M.S.B.); (S.J.Y.)
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Myeong Seop Byeon
- Han River Environment Research Center, National Institute of Environmental Research, 42, Dumulmeori-gil 68beon-gil, Yangseo-myeon, Yangpyeong-gun 12585, Korea; (Y.S.); (M.S.B.); (S.J.Y.)
| | - Keonhee Kim
- Human and Eco-Care Center, Department of Environmental Health Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea;
| | - Soon Ju Yu
- Han River Environment Research Center, National Institute of Environmental Research, 42, Dumulmeori-gil 68beon-gil, Yangseo-myeon, Yangpyeong-gun 12585, Korea; (Y.S.); (M.S.B.); (S.J.Y.)
| | - Jong Kwon Im
- Han River Environment Research Center, National Institute of Environmental Research, 42, Dumulmeori-gil 68beon-gil, Yangseo-myeon, Yangpyeong-gun 12585, Korea; (Y.S.); (M.S.B.); (S.J.Y.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-31-770-7240
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23
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Andrade VS, Gutierrez MF, Reno U, Popielarz A, Gervasio S, Gagneten AM. Synergy between glyphosate and cypermethrin formulations on zooplankton: evidences from a single-specie test and a community mesocosm experiment. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:26885-26894. [PMID: 33495956 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-12619-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Agrochemicals can reach freshwater bodies by drift, leaching, or runoff, where they constitute complex mixtures. Given that glyphosate and cypermethrin are within the most worldwide used pesticides, they are likely to co-occur in freshwater bodies. The aim of this study was to analyze the interaction between glyphosate and cypermethrin formulations on the cladoceran Ceriodaphnia dubia (Richard 1894) through an acute toxicity test and on a zooplankton assemblage through a mesocosm (30 L) experiment. The 24-h LC50 of both isolated pesticides and their equitoxic mixture was obtained for C. dubia. The mesocosm was performed by exposing a zooplankton assemblage to both pesticides isolated and in combination. The acute toxicity of the equitoxic mixture in C. dubia was 3 and 4 times higher than the isolated toxicity of glyphosate and cypermethrin, respectively. The total toxic units of the mixture were 0.53, indicating a synergistic interaction. In the mesocosm experiment, both pesticides also interacted causing a synergistic negative effect in Cladocera and Copepoda abundances. No interactions between pesticides were found for Rotifera; therefore, the mixture effect was considered additive. It is suggested to continue analyzing pesticide mixture effects on the basis of complementary scales of analysis to reach more environmentally relevant information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Soledad Andrade
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología. Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina.
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina.
| | - María Florencia Gutierrez
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
- Instituto Nacional de Limnología (CONICET - UNL), 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
- Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas - Escuela Superior de Sanidad "Dr. Ramón Carrillo" (UNL), 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Ulises Reno
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología. Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Andrea Popielarz
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología (INTEC - CONICET - UNL), 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Susana Gervasio
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología (INTEC - CONICET - UNL), 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Ana María Gagneten
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología. Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
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24
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Garibian PG, Karabanov DP, Neretina AN, Taylor DJ, Kotov AA. Bosminopsis deitersi (Crustacea: Cladocera) as an ancient species group: a revision. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11310. [PMID: 33981506 PMCID: PMC8074845 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Water fleas (Crustacea: Cladocera) of the Family Bosminidae have been studied since the founding of paleolimnology and freshwater ecology. However, one species, Bosminopsis deitersi, stands out for its exceptional multicontinental range and broad ecological requirements. Here we use an integrated morphological and multilocus genetic approach to address the species problem in B. deitersi. We analyzed 32 populations of B. deitersi s. lat. Two nuclear and two mitochondrial loci were used to carry out the bGMYC, mPTP and STACEY algorithms for species delimitation. Detailed morphological study was also carried out across continents. The evidence indicated a widely distributed cryptic species in the Old World (Bosminopsis zernowi) that is genetically divergent from B. deitersi s.str. We revised the taxonomy and redescribed the species in this complex. Our sampling indicated that B. zernowi had weak genetic differentiation across its range. A molecular clock and biogeographic analysis with fossil calibrations suggested a Mesozoic origin for the Bosminopsis deitersi group. Our evidence rejects the single species hypothesis for B. deitersi and is consistent with an ancient species group (potentially Mesozoic) that shows marked morphological conservation. The family Bosminidae, then, has examples of both rapid morphological evolution (Holocene Bosmina), and morphological stasis (Bosminopsis).
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr G. Garibian
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology and Invasions, A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry P. Karabanov
- Laboratory of Fish Ecology, I.D. Papanin Institute for Biology of Inland Waters of Russian Academy of Sciences, Borok, Yaroslavl Area, Russia
| | - Anna N. Neretina
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology and Invasions, A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Derek J. Taylor
- Department of Biological Sciences, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States
| | - Alexey A. Kotov
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology and Invasions, A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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25
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Abstract
The rate and spectrum of spontaneous mutations are critical parameters in basic and applied biology because they dictate the pace and character of genetic variation introduced into populations, which is a prerequisite for evolution. We use a mutation–accumulation approach to estimate mutation parameters from whole-genome sequence data from multiple genotypes from multiple populations of Daphnia magna, an ecological and evolutionary model system. We report extremely high base substitution mutation rates (µ-n,bs = 8.96 × 10−9/bp/generation [95% CI: 6.66–11.97 × 10−9/bp/generation] in the nuclear genome and µ-m,bs = 8.7 × 10−7/bp/generation [95% CI: 4.40–15.12 × 10−7/bp/generation] in the mtDNA), the highest of any eukaryote examined using this approach. Levels of intraspecific variation based on the range of estimates from the nine genotypes collected from three populations (Finland, Germany, and Israel) span 1 and 3 orders of magnitude, respectively, resulting in up to a ∼300-fold difference in rates among genomic partitions within the same lineage. In contrast, mutation spectra exhibit very consistent patterns across genotypes and populations, suggesting the mechanisms underlying the mutational process may be similar, even when the rates at which they occur differ. We discuss the implications of high levels of intraspecific variation in rates, the importance of estimating gene conversion rates using a mutation–accumulation approach, and the interacting factors influencing the evolution of mutation parameters. Our findings deepen our knowledge about mutation and provide both challenges to and support for current theories aimed at explaining the evolution of the mutation rate, as a trait, across taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eddie K H Ho
- Department of Biology, Reed College, Portland, OR
| | | | - Leigh C Latta
- Department of Biology, Reed College, Portland, OR.,Division of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Lewis-Clark State College, Lewiston, ID
| | | | - Dieter Ebert
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Zoology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Peter D Fields
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Zoology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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26
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Portinho JL, Oliveira HN, Branco CCZ. Resting egg banks can facilitate recovery of zooplankton communities after short exposure to glyphosate. Ecotoxicology 2021; 30:492-501. [PMID: 33649983 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-021-02371-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We assessed the short-term viability and recovery of zooplankton communities after exposure to glyphosate (active ingredient-a.i.). We conducted a hatching experiment in two steps: Step 1-natural lake sediments containing resting egg banks were placed into individual trays and exposed to a solution medium of glyphosate at three different treatments (LD = Values below the detection limits, LD < 0.05, 0.44, and 0.89 mg a.i./L) for 14 days; and Step 2-we replaced the exposure solution of glyphosate with distilled freshwater, keeping them all trays under freshwater conditions for another 14 day. The results from Step 1 showed significant effects of glyphosate on the emergence patterns of resting eggs, with a reduction in hatching of rotifers, mainly at concentrations of 0.44 and 0.89 mg a.i./L. On the other hand, the results from Step 2 showed an increase in the emergence of viable eggs for rotifers after restoration of freshwater conditions in all treatments; there was no effect for total zooplankton and microcrustaceans. These findings suggest that (i) glyphosate may, effectively, impair zooplankton hatching from resting egg banks; (ii) the magnitude of the negative effects depends on the the zooplanktonic group considered; and (iii) the restoration of freshwater conditions may, in some way, allow the recovery of the zooplankton community from viable egg banks. Our results can be useful in predicting the influence of glyphosate on the distribution patterns of freshwater zooplankton, which can represent vital information for environmental managers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge L Portinho
- Department of Biodiversity, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, 13506-692, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Henrique Nunes Oliveira
- Department of Biology, Aquatic Biology Laboratory, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Assis, 19806-900, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ciro C Z Branco
- Department of Biology, Aquatic Biology Laboratory, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Assis, 19806-900, São Paulo, Brazil
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27
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Frances DN, Barber AJ, Tucker CM. Trait-density relationships explain performance in cladoceran zooplankton. Ecology 2021; 102:e03294. [PMID: 33559149 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Traits have been used extensively to predict and understand performance in response to the abiotic environment, but their role for understanding competitive interactions is less understood, especially in nonplant systems. In this study, we evaluate how traits interact with intraspecific density to modulate performance (per capita birth rate) and whether the traits associated with intraspecific competitive ability are similar across multiple species. We used an experimental system of four cladoceran zooplankton species, experimentally manipulated the density of conspecifics, and measured a range of morphological and life history characteristics (body mass, body length, second antenna length, eye diameter, relative growth rate, age at first reproduction, and birth rate). With causal modeling, we identified significant trait-density relationships for three out of four species, although the specific traits that predicted birth rate varied from species to species. In general, individuals at higher densities displayed smaller morphological traits and shifts towards slower relative growth rates and delayed onset of reproduction. We also asked more generally if there are consistent trait-mediated impacts of density across multiple species. The interspecific model identified significant trait-density relationships for body length, age at first reproduction, and relative growth rate. Unexpectedly, we found little evidence for trait-based competition due to mechanisms such as limiting similarity or hierarchical competition, and rather noted the potential for trait plasticity and constraints on plasticity affecting performance in response to the competitive environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dachin N Frances
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, North Carolina, Chapel Hill, 27599-3280, USA
| | - Amelia J Barber
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, North Carolina, Chapel Hill, 27599-3280, USA
| | - Caroline M Tucker
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, North Carolina, Chapel Hill, 27599-3280, USA.,Environment, Ecology and Energy Program, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, Murray/Venable Hall, CB 3275, Chapel Hill, 3202, 27599-3280, USA
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28
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Venâncio C, Ribeiro R, Soares AMVM, Lopes I. Survival recovery rates by six clonal lineages of Daphnia longispina after intermittent exposures to copper. Chemosphere 2021; 264:128403. [PMID: 33007568 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Natural populations are commonly exposed to sequential pulses of contaminants. Accordingly, this study aimed at testing the existence of an association between the tolerance to lethal levels of copper (Cu) and the survival recovery ability from pulsed partially lethal copper exposures in six clonal lineages of Daphnia longispina. It was hypothesized that the most tolerant genotypes would be the ones exhibiting a faster survival recovery from a pulsed contaminant exposure. For each clonal lineage, the intensity of pulses corresponded to the respective concentration of Cu causing 30% of mortality after 24h of exposure (LC30,24h). The initial hypothesis was not corroborated: obtained results showed no association between survival recovery and lethal tolerance to Cu. Nevertheless, some patterns could be detected. Firstly, the most sensitive lineages to lethal levels of copper revealed a faster survival recovery from a first Cu pulse comparatively to the most tolerant ones, though they were the most sensitive to a second pulse exposure. Secondly, the most tolerant lineages, though being more tolerant to a second exposure, exhibited the lowest survival recovery capacity after exposure to a first pulse of Cu. However, differences in the survival recovery capacity of the six clonal lineages after the exposure to the two pulses of Cu were not observed. Increasing the duration of the recovery period from 24h to 72h did not significantly alter mortality rates, except for the most sensitive and most tolerant clonal lineages. The results here obtained suggests that standard lethality assays may sub-estimate the toxicity of chemicals under realistic exposure scenarios, since sequential pulses are not infrequent in natural conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Venâncio
- University of Coimbra, Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - R Ribeiro
- University of Coimbra, Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - A M V M Soares
- CESAM & Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - I Lopes
- CESAM & Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
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29
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Neretina AN, Karabanov DP, Sacherova V, Kotov AA. Unexpected mitochondrial lineage diversity within the genus Alonella Sars, 1862 (Crustacea: Cladocera) across the Northern Hemisphere. PeerJ 2021; 9:e10804. [PMID: 33585083 PMCID: PMC7860113 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Representatives of the genus Alonella Sars (Crustacea: Cladocera: Chydorinae) belong to the smallest known water fleas. Although species of Alonella are widely distributed and often abundant in acidic and mountain water bodies, their diversity is poorly studied. Morphological and genetic approaches have been complicated by the minute size of these microcrustaceans. As a result, taxonomists have avoided revising these species. Here, we present genetic data on Alonella species diversity across the Northern Hemisphere with particular attention to the A. excisa species complex. We analyzed 82 16S rRNA sequences (all newly obtained), and 78 COI sequences (39 were newly obtained). The results revealed at least twelve divergent phylogenetic lineages, possible cryptic species, of Alonella, with different distribution patterns. As expected, the potential species diversity of this genus is significantly higher than traditionally accepted. The A. excisa complex is represented by nine divergent clades in the Northern Hemisphere, some of them have relatively broad distribution ranges and others are more locally distributed. Our results provide a genetic background for subsequent morphological analyses, formal descriptions of Alonella species and detailed phylogeographical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna N. Neretina
- A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry P. Karabanov
- A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- I.D. Papanin Institute for Biology of Inland Waters, Borok, Yaroslavl State, Russia
| | | | - Alexey A. Kotov
- A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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30
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Andrade-Sossa C, Buitron-Caicedo L, Elías-Gutiérrez M. A new species of Scapholeberis Schoedler, 1858 (Anomopoda: Daphniidae: Scapholeberinae) from the Colombian Amazon basin highlighted by DNA barcodes and morphology. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9989. [PMID: 33024635 PMCID: PMC7520090 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Amazon basin is recognized as one of the most complex and species-rich freshwater environments globally. The diversity of zooplankton here remains unknown, with many species undescribed. Methods Here, we describe a new species of Scapholeberis Schoedler, 1858 (Cladocera: Anomopoda: Daphniidae: Scapholeberinae) from the Colombian Amazon Basin, collected with recently designed light traps. The description is based on detailed morphology (based on SEM and light microscopy) of parthenogenetic females, ephippial females, males, and molecular data based on the COI gene. Results Scapholeberis yahuarcaquensis n. sp. has a combination of characters present in Scapholeberis kingi Sars, 1888 and Scapholeberis armata freyiDumont & Pensaert, 1983. These are a trilobate rostrum, with the middle lobe well developed with sides straight to relatively rounded, the presence of an elongated slit frontal head pore, a dorsal pore in the juncture of the cephalic shield and the valves, and a single denticulate membrane at the posterior rim of the valves, with stronger setae in the last third. The unique characters of the parthenogenetic females are ventral sucker with delicate triangles. Each has a filament-like projection in the lamellae’s inner side and an external section forming convex folds with denticle-like projections in the middle zone of the sucker-plate. There is a peculiar pitted sculpture in the ephippial females and a strong projection in the front of it. The male hook on the limb I with a blunt tip, a quirky lamella-like outgrow in the proximal side, and a paddle with well-developed spines scattered on its surface. The ventral sucker-lamellae in the male is much more developed than the female. The COI gene sequences showed an interspecific mean genetic divergence of 16.4% between S. yahuarcaquensis n. sp. and the closest species S. freyi from Mexico, supporting our results. A coalescence analysis and Barcode Index Number also support the new species based on the DNA sequences. New methods of collecting and integrative biology will give important support to recognize the fauna from the Amazon Basin, one of the most important sources of fresh water in the world that remains unknown in many respects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilo Andrade-Sossa
- Grupo de Estudios en Recursos Hidrobiológicos Continentales. Departamento de Biología, Universidad del Cauca, Popayán, Colombia
| | - Lorena Buitron-Caicedo
- Grupo de Estudios en Recursos Hidrobiológicos Continentales. Departamento de Biología, Universidad del Cauca, Popayán, Colombia
| | - Manuel Elías-Gutiérrez
- Departamento de Sistemática y Ecología Acuática, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Chetumal, Quintana Roo, México
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N'doua Etilé R, Bédia TA, Blahoua GK, Bi GG, Bi PE, Kouamelan PE, N'Douba V. Checklist and Distribution of Freshwater Cladocera (Crustacea: Branchiopoda) in Côte d'Ivoire (West Africa). Zool Stud 2020; 59:e31. [PMID: 33262854 DOI: 10.6620/ZS.2020.59-31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This study provides a checklist of cladocerans and evaluates the species richness and composition of this order in Côte d'Ivoire. A checklist of cladocerans was created by evaluating data from the literature and fauna surveys focused on zooplankton in different types of aquatic environments over the past 50 years. In total, 39 Cladocera species have been reported from Côte d'Ivoire. This richness includes 24 genera and seven families, with Chydoridae being the most diversified family (16 species, 41% of the total Cladocera diversity in Côte d'Ivoire), followed by Daphniidae (eight species, 21%); Moinidae (four species, 10%); Bosminidae, Macrothricidae, and Sidiidae (three species, 8% each); and Ilyocriptidae (two species, 5%). Ceriodaphnia cornuta, Moina micrura, and Diaphanosoma excisum were the most frequently encountered species.
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32
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Frankel-Bricker J, Song MJ, Benner MJ, Schaack S. Variation in the Microbiota Associated with Daphnia magna Across Genotypes, Populations, and Temperature. Microb Ecol 2020; 79:731-742. [PMID: 31377832 PMCID: PMC7176607 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-019-01412-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Studies of how the microbiome varies among individuals, populations, and abiotic conditions are critical for understanding this key component of an organism's biology and ecology. In the case of Daphnia, aquatic microcrustaceans widely used in population/community ecology and environmental science studies, understanding factors that influence microbiome shifts among individuals is useful for both basic and applied research contexts. In this study, we assess differences in the microbiome among genotypes of D. magna collected from three regions along a large latitudinal gradient (Finland, Germany, and Israel). After being reared in the lab for many years, we sought to characterize any differences in genotype- or population-specific microbial communities, and to assess whether the microbiota varied among temperatures. Our study is similar to a recent comparison of the microbial communities among D. magna genotypes raised in different temperatures published by Sullam et al. (Microb Ecol 76(2):506-517, 2017), and as such represents one of the first examples of a reproducible result in microbiome research. Like the previous study, we find evidence for a strong effect of temperature on the microbiome of D. magna, although across a much smaller temperature range representing potential near-future climates. In addition, we find evidence that the microbiomes of D. magna genotypes from different regions are distinct, even years after being brought into the laboratory. Finally, our results highlight a potentially common finding in the expanding area of microbiome research-differences among treatments are not necessarily observed in the most abundant taxonomic groups. This highlights the importance of considering sampling scheme and depth of coverage when characterizing the microbiome, as different experimental designs can significantly impact taxon-specific results, even when large-scale effects are reproduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Frankel-Bricker
- Department of Biology, Reed College, Portland, OR, 97202, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boise State University, Boise, ID, 83725, USA
| | - Michael J Song
- University and Jepson Herbaria and Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Maia J Benner
- Department of Biology, Reed College, Portland, OR, 97202, USA
| | - Sarah Schaack
- Department of Biology, Reed College, Portland, OR, 97202, USA.
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Silva LCM, Daam MA, Gusmao F. Acclimation alters glyphosate temperature-dependent toxicity: Implications for risk assessment under climate change. J Hazard Mater 2020; 385:121512. [PMID: 31732333 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The evaluation of temperature-dependent chemical toxicity (TDCT) is imperative for future risk assessments of pesticides under global climate change scenarios. Few TDCT studies have so far considered the ability of organisms to acclimate to altered temperatures prior to pesticide exposure, although this may change their thermal tolerance range and hence their susceptibility to pesticide stress. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of temperature acclimation on the sensitivity of the cladoceran Ceriodaphnia silvestrii to Glyphosate. We used the shift in sensitivity of the organisms to Glyphosate when exposed to short term temperature changes as a proxy for the effect of the developmental acclimation on sensitivity. We observed that acclimation to higher temperatures reduces the sensitivity to Glyphosate when organisms are exposed to this pesticide in lower temperatures. Therefore, acclimation to high temperatures offers some protective effect against Glyphosate toxicity. We argue that pesticide risk assessments based on tests conducted at one standard temperature should be considered with care. Realistic risk assessments considering climate change scenarios should assess the mode of which organisms are exposed to temperature, therefore taking into consideration the potential effect of temperature acclimation on the sensitivity of a species to a toxicant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laís C M Silva
- NEEA/CRHEA/USP, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, 13.560-970, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Michiel A Daam
- CENSE, Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, New University of Lisbon, Quinta da Torre, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Felipe Gusmao
- NEEA/CRHEA/USP, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, 13.560-970, São Carlos, SP, Brazil; Department of Marine Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), 11030-400 Santos, SP, Brazil.
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Galhano V, Hartmann S, Monteiro MS, Zeumer R, Mozhayeva D, Steinhoff B, Müller K, Prenzel K, Kunze J, Kuhnert KD, Schönherr H, Engelhard C, Schlechtriem C, Loureiro S, Soares AMVM, Witte K, Lopes I. Impact of wastewater-borne nanoparticles of silver and titanium dioxide on the swimming behaviour and biochemical markers of Daphnia magna: An integrated approach. Aquat Toxicol 2020; 220:105404. [PMID: 31954982 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2020.105404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Due to their widespread use, silver (Ag) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (NPs) are commonly discharged into aquatic environments via wastewater treatment plants. The study was aimed to assess the effects of wastewater-borne AgNPs (NM-300 K; 15.5 ± 2.4 nm; 25-125 μg L-1) and TiO2NPs (NM-105; 23.1 ± 6.2 nm; 12.5-100 μg L-1), from a laboratory-scale wastewater treatment plant, on Daphnia magna, at individual and subcellular level. For effect comparison, animals were also exposed to ASTM-dispersed NPs at the same nominal concentrations. The behaviour of D. magna was evaluated through monitoring of swimming height and allocation time for preferred zones after 0 h and 96 h of exposure. Biochemical markers of neurotransmission, anaerobic metabolism, biotransformation, and oxidative stress were subsequently determined. No 96-h EC50 (immobilization ≤ 4 %) could be obtained with wastewater-borne NPs and ASTM-dispersed TiO2NPs, whereas the ASTM-dispersed AgNPs resulted in an immobilization 96-h EC50 of 113.8 μg L-1. However, both wastewater-borne and ASTM-dispersed TiO2NPs, at 12.5 μg L-1, caused immediate (0 h) alterations on the swimming height. Allocation time analyses showed that animals exposed to ASTM-dispersed AgNPs spent more time on the surface and bottom at 0 h, and in the middle and bottom at 96 h. This pattern was not observed with ASTM-dispersed TiO2NPs nor with wastewater-borne AgNPs and wastewater-borne TiO2NPs. At the biochemical level, the more pronounced effects were observed with wastewater-borne AgNPs (e.g. induction of lactate dehydrogenase and glutathione S-transferase activities, and inhibition of catalase activity). This integrative approach showed that: (i) the behavioural and biochemical response-patterns were distinct in D. magna exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of wastewater-borne and ASTM-dispersed NPs; (ii) the most pronounced effects on allocation time were induced by ASTM-dispersed AgNPs; and (iii) at the subcellular level, wastewater-borne AgNPs were more toxic than wastewater-borne TiO2NPs. This study highlights the need for the assessment of the effects of wastewater-borne NPs under realistic exposure scenarios, since processes in wastewater treatment plants may influence their toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Galhano
- Department of Biology and Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Sarah Hartmann
- Research Group of Ecology and Behavioural Biology, Institute of Biology, Department of Chemistry-Biology, University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Strasse 2, Siegen, 57076, Germany.
| | - Marta S Monteiro
- Department of Biology and Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Richard Zeumer
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Auf dem Aberg 1, Schmallenberg, 57392, Germany; Institute of Environmental Research (Biology V), RWTH Aachen University, Worringer Weg 1, Aachen, 52074, Germany; Faculty of Agriculture/Environment/Chemistry, Dresden University of Applied Sciences, Friedrich-List-Platz 1, Dresden, 01096, Germany.
| | - Darya Mozhayeva
- Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry-Biology, University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Strasse 2, Siegen, 57076, Germany.
| | - Benedikt Steinhoff
- Physical Chemistry I, Department of Chemistry-Biology, University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Strasse 2, Siegen, 57076, Germany; Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and Engineering (Cμ), University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Strasse 2, 57076, Siegen, Germany.
| | - Katharina Müller
- Research Group of Ecology and Behavioural Biology, Institute of Biology, Department of Chemistry-Biology, University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Strasse 2, Siegen, 57076, Germany.
| | - Kirsten Prenzel
- Research Group of Ecology and Behavioural Biology, Institute of Biology, Department of Chemistry-Biology, University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Strasse 2, Siegen, 57076, Germany.
| | - Jan Kunze
- Institute of Real-time Learning Systems, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Siegen, Hoelderlinstrasse, 3, Siegen, 57076, Germany.
| | - Klaus-Dieter Kuhnert
- Institute of Real-time Learning Systems, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Siegen, Hoelderlinstrasse, 3, Siegen, 57076, Germany.
| | - Holger Schönherr
- Physical Chemistry I, Department of Chemistry-Biology, University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Strasse 2, Siegen, 57076, Germany; Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and Engineering (Cμ), University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Strasse 2, 57076, Siegen, Germany.
| | - Carsten Engelhard
- Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry-Biology, University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Strasse 2, Siegen, 57076, Germany; Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and Engineering (Cμ), University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Strasse 2, 57076, Siegen, Germany.
| | - Christian Schlechtriem
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Auf dem Aberg 1, Schmallenberg, 57392, Germany; Institute of Environmental Research (Biology V), RWTH Aachen University, Worringer Weg 1, Aachen, 52074, Germany; Ecotoxicology Work Group, Institute of Biology, Department of Chemistry-Biology, University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Strasse 2, Siegen 57076, Germany.
| | - Susana Loureiro
- Department of Biology and Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Amadeu M V M Soares
- Department of Biology and Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Klaudia Witte
- Research Group of Ecology and Behavioural Biology, Institute of Biology, Department of Chemistry-Biology, University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Strasse 2, Siegen, 57076, Germany.
| | - Isabel Lopes
- Department of Biology and Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
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Abstract
Microsatellite loci (tandem repeats of short nucleotide motifs) are highly abundant in eukaryotic genomes and often used as genetic markers because they can exhibit variation both within and between populations. Although widely recognized for their mutability and utility, the mutation rates of microsatellites have only been empirically estimated in a few species, and have rarely been compared across genotypes and populations within a species. Here, we investigate the dynamics of microsatellite mutation over long- and short-time periods by quantifying the starting abundance and mutation rates for microsatellites for six different genotypes of Daphnia magna, an aquatic microcrustacean, collected from three populations (Finland, Germany, and Israel). Using whole-genome sequences of these six starting genotypes, descendent mutation accumulation (MA) lines, and large population controls (non-MA lines), we find each genotype exhibits a distinctive initial microsatellite profile which clusters according to the population-of-origin. During the period of MA, we observe motif-specific, highly variable, and rapid microsatellite mutation rates across genotypes of D. magna, the average of which is order of magnitude greater than the recently reported rate observed in a single genotype of the congener, Daphnia pulex. In our experiment, genotypes with more microsatellites starting out exhibit greater losses and those with fewer microsatellites starting out exhibit greater gains—a context-dependent mutation bias that has not been reported previously. We discuss how genotype-specific mutation rates and spectra, in conjunction with evolutionary forces, can shape both the differential accumulation of repeat content in the genome and the evolution of mutation rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eddie K H Ho
- Department of Biology, Reed College, Portland, OR
| | | | - Leigh C Latta
- Department of Biology, Reed College, Portland, OR
- Division of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Lewis-Clark State College, Lewiston, ID
| | | | - Cheng Sun
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dieter Ebert
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Zoology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Schaack
- Department of Biology, Reed College, Portland, OR
- Corresponding author: E-mail:
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Arunpandi N, Jyothibabu R, Jagadeesan L, Albin KJ, Savitha KMM, Parthasarathi S. Impact of salinity on the grazing rate of a cladocera (Latonopsis australis) in a large tropical estuarine system. Environ Monit Assess 2020; 192:107. [PMID: 31927668 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-020-8068-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cladocerans are ecologically important as active grazers at the secondary trophic level, and they are economically important in aquaculture as potential live feed for many commercially valuable fishes. This study deals with the effect of salinity on grazing of the rare cladocera Latonopsis australis. The experimental specimens were collected from the lower reaches of the Kochi backwaters, the largest estuarine system along the west coast of India, during the Pre-Southwest Monsoon (May 2015), and their cultures developed in the laboratory. Eight experimental salinity treatments (freshwater, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 and 14 salinity) with three life phases of the specimens (phase I: neonates with a developed digestive tract, phase II: adults carrying egg and phase III: adults carrying developing neonates) were carried out to measure their grazing rates. Two different approaches, namely individual-specific and biovolume-specific grazing measurements, were adopted in the study. The results showed a significant influence of salinity on the size and grazing rates of L. australis, irrespective of their life phases. Filtration and ingestion rates of the specimens also varied significantly between different life phases with the lowest rates in phase III. Irrespective of the life phases, grazing rates were the highest in freshwater conditions, which decreased to 25-84% in medium salinity (4-8) and 65-93% in high salinity (10-14). Further, the study demonstrated that size/biovolume/weight-based quantification of cladocera grazing provides a more precise method for the estimation of feeding rates compared to the individual-basic approach. This study emerges as the first attempt to quantify the grazing measurements of a cladocera from Indian waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Arunpandi
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Regional Centre, Kochi, India
| | - R Jyothibabu
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Regional Centre, Kochi, India.
| | - L Jagadeesan
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Regional Centre, Kochi, India
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Regional Centre, Visakhapatnam, India
| | - K J Albin
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Regional Centre, Kochi, India
| | - K M M Savitha
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Regional Centre, Kochi, India
| | - S Parthasarathi
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Regional Centre, Kochi, India
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37
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Luoto TP, Leppänen JJ, Weckström J. Waste water discharge from a large Ni-Zn open cast mine degrades benthic integrity of Lake Nuasjärvi (Finland). Environ Pollut 2019; 255:113268. [PMID: 31574392 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The Talvivaara/Terrafame multi-metal mining company is Europe's largest nickel open cast mine, it is also known for the largest wastewater leakage in the Finnish mining history and a series of other accidents. In this paleolimnological study, influences of a recently constructed treated waste water discharge pipeline into Lake Nuasjärvi were investigated by analyzing past (pre-disturbance) and present community compositions of key aquatic organism groups, including diatoms, Cladocera and Chironomidae, along spatial (distance, water depth) gradients. In addition to defining ecological changes and impacts of saline mine waters in the lake, chironomids were used to quantitatively reconstruct bottom water oxygen conditions before and after the pipe installation (in 2015). The diatom and cladoceran communities, which reflect more the open-water habitat, showed only relatively minor changes throughout the lake, but a general decrease in diversity was observed within both groups. Chironomids, which live on substrates, showed more significant changes, including complete faunal turnovers and deteriorated benthic quality, especially at the sites close to the pipe outlet, where also chironomid diversity was almost completely lost. Furthermore, the reconstructed hypolimnetic oxygen values indicated a major oxygen decline and even anoxia at the sites near the pipe outlet. The limnoecological influence of the pipe decreased at sites located counter-flow or behind underwater barriers suggesting that the waste waters currently have location-specific impacts. Our study clearly demonstrates that whereas the upper water layers appear to have generally maintained their previous state, the deep-water layers close to the pipe outlet have lost their ecological integrity. Furthermore, the current hypolimnetic anoxia close to the pipe indicates enhanced lake stratification caused by the salinated mine waters. This study clearly exhibits the need to investigate different water bodies at several trophic levels in a spatiotemporal context to be able to reliably assess limnoecological impacts of mining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomi P Luoto
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, FI-15140 Lahti, Finland.
| | - Jaakko Johannes Leppänen
- Environmental Change Research Unit (ECRU), Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, P.O. Box 65, FIN-00014, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jan Weckström
- Environmental Change Research Unit (ECRU), Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, P.O. Box 65, FIN-00014, University of Helsinki, Finland
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38
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Leppänen JJ, Luoto TP, Weckström J. Spatio-temporal impact of salinated mine water on Lake Jormasjärvi, Finland. Environ Pollut 2019; 247:1078-1088. [PMID: 30823337 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.01.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The salinization of freshwater environments is a global concern, and one of the largest sources of salinated water is the mining industry. An increasing number of modern mines are working with low grade sulfide ores, resulting in increased volumes of potentially harmful saline drainage. We used water monitoring data, together with data on sedimentary fossil remains (cladoceran, diatom and chironomid), to analyze the spatio-temporal (5 sampling locations and 3 sediment depths) impact of salinated mine water originating from the Talvivaara/Terrafame open cast mine on multiple components of the aquatic ecosystem of Lake Jormasjärvi, Finland. Lake Jormasjärvi is the fourth and largest lake in a chain of lakes along the path of the mine water. Despite the location and large water volume, the mine water has changed the chemistry of Lake Jormasjärvi, reflected in increased electrical conductivity values since 2010. The ecological impact is significant around the inflow region of the lake, as all biological indicator groups show a rapid and directional shift towards new species composition. There is a clear trend in improved water quality as one moves further from the point of inflow, and as one looks back in time. Our results show that salinated mine water may induce rapid and large scale changes, even far downstream along a chain of several sinking basins. This is of special importance in cases where large amounts of waste water are processed in the vicinity of protected habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaakko Johannes Leppänen
- Environmental Change Research Unit (ECRU), Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, P.O. Box 65, FIN-00014, University of Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Tomi P Luoto
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, FI-15140, Lahti, Finland.
| | - Jan Weckström
- Environmental Change Research Unit (ECRU), Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science (HELSUS), P.O. Box 65, FIN-00014, University of Helsinki, Finland.
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Whitmore EA, Connolly JK, Van Damme K, Watkins JM, Hinchey EK, Rudstam LG. First record of the Neotropical cladoceran Diaphanosoma fluviatile in the Great Lakes basin. BIOINVASIONS REC 2019; 8:614-622. [PMID: 33628746 PMCID: PMC7900941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The ctenopod Diaphanosoma fluviatile has been reported primarily from the Neotropical region and occasionally from the southern United States. D. fluviatile was collected in the Great Lakes basin (the Maumee River, Western Lake Erie, and Lake Michigan) in 2015 and 2018, far north from its previously known distribution. The occurrence of this southern species in the Maumee River and Great Lakes may be the result of an anthropogenic introduction, although a natural range expansion cannot be excluded. This report documents the northernmost record of D. fluviatile in the Nearctic region, extending the known distribution of the species to 42°N, which is a notable increase of 11 degrees latitude. Our detection of D. fluviatile is the first record of this southern species from the Laurentian Great Lakes drainage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A. Whitmore
- Cornell University, Department of Natural Resources, Cornell Biological Field Station, Bridgeport, NY 13030, USA
| | - Joseph K. Connolly
- Cornell University, Department of Natural Resources, Cornell Biological Field Station, Bridgeport, NY 13030, USA
| | - Kay Van Damme
- Senckenberg Research Institute, Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - James M. Watkins
- Cornell University, Department of Natural Resources, Cornell Biological Field Station, Bridgeport, NY 13030, USA
| | - Elizabeth K. Hinchey
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Great Lakes National Program Office (US EPA GLNPO) 77 W. Jackson Blvd., Chicago, IL 60604, USA
| | - Lars G. Rudstam
- Cornell University, Department of Natural Resources, Cornell Biological Field Station, Bridgeport, NY 13030, USA
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Mioduchowska M, Czyż MJ, Gołdyn B, Kilikowska A, Namiotko T, Pinceel T, Łaciak M, Sell J. Detection of bacterial endosymbionts in freshwater crustaceans: the applicability of non-degenerate primers to amplify the bacterial 16S rRNA gene. PeerJ 2018; 6:e6039. [PMID: 30581663 PMCID: PMC6296333 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial endosymbionts of aquatic invertebrates remain poorly studied. This is at least partly due to a lack of suitable techniques and primers for their identification. We designed a pair of non-degenerate primers which enabled us to amplify a fragment of ca. 500 bp of the 16S rRNA gene from various known bacterial endosymbiont species. By using this approach, we identified four bacterial endosymbionts, two endoparasites and one uncultured bacterium in seven, taxonomically diverse, freshwater crustacean hosts from temporary waters across a wide geographical area. The overall efficiency of our new WOLBSL and WOLBSR primers for amplification of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene was 100%. However, if different bacterial species from one sample were amplified simultaneously, sequences were illegible, despite a good quality of PCR products. Therefore, we suggest using our primers at the first stage of bacterial endosymbiont identification. Subsequently, genus specific primers are recommended. Overall, in the era of next-generation sequencing our method can be used as a first simple and low-cost approach to identify potential microbial symbionts associated with freshwater crustaceans using simple Sanger sequencing. The potential to detected bacterial symbionts in various invertebrate hosts in such a way will facilitate studies on host-symbiont interactions and coevolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Mioduchowska
- Department of Genetics and Biosystematics, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Michał Jan Czyż
- Research Centre of Quarantine, Invasive and Genetically Modified Organisms, Institute of Plant Protection-National Research Institute, Poznan, Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Gołdyn
- Department of General Zoology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland
| | - Adrianna Kilikowska
- Department of Genetics and Biosystematics, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Namiotko
- Department of Genetics and Biosystematics, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Tom Pinceel
- Animal Ecology, Global Change and Sustainable Development, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Centre for Environmental Management, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Małgorzata Łaciak
- Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Nature Conservation, Krakow, Poland
| | - Jerzy Sell
- Department of Genetics and Biosystematics, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
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Montero-Pau J, Gómez A, Serra M. Founder effects drive the genetic structure of passively dispersed aquatic invertebrates. PeerJ 2018; 6:e6094. [PMID: 30581680 PMCID: PMC6294052 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Populations of passively dispersed organisms in continental aquatic habitats typically show high levels of neutral genetic differentiation despite their high dispersal capabilities. Several evolutionary factors, including founder events, local adaptation, and life cycle features such as high population growth rates and the presence of propagule banks, have been proposed to be responsible for this paradox. Here, we have modeled the colonization process to assess the impact of migration rate, population growth rate, population size, local adaptation and life-cycle features on the population genetic structure in these organisms. Our simulations show that the strongest effect on population structure are persistent founder effects, resulting from the interaction of a few population founders, high population growth rates, large population sizes and the presence of diapausing egg banks. In contrast, the role of local adaptation, genetic hitchhiking and migration is limited to small populations in these organisms. Our results indicate that local adaptation could have different impact on genetic structure in different groups of zooplankters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Montero-Pau
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom
| | - Africa Gómez
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom
| | - Manuel Serra
- Instituto Cavanilles de Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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Liu Z, Cai M, Yu P, Chen M, Wu D, Zhang M, Zhao Y. Age-dependent survival, stress defense, and AMPK in Daphnia pulex after short-term exposure to a polystyrene nanoplastic. Aquat Toxicol 2018; 204:1-8. [PMID: 30153596 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2018.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The widespread occurrence and accumulation of micro- and nanoplastics in aquatic environments has become a growing global concern. Generally, natural aquatic populations are characterized by a variety of multi-structured age groups, for which physiological and biochemical responses typically differ. The freshwater cladoceran, Daphnia pulex, is a model species used extensively in environmental monitoring studies and ecotoxicology testing. Here, the effects of a polystyrene nanoplastic on the physiological changes (i.e., survival) and expression levels of stress defense genes (i.e., those encoding antioxidant-mediated and heat shock proteins) in this freshwater flea were measured. Results from acute bioassays were used to determine the respective nanoplastic LC50 values for five age groups (1-, 4-, 7-, 14- and 21-day-old individuals): the obtained values for the 1- and 21-day-old D. pulex groups were similar (i.e., not significantly different). The expression levels of genes encoding key stress defense enzymes and proteins-SOD, CAT, GST, GPx, HSP70, and HSP90-were influenced by the nanoplastic in all the age groups, but not in the same way for each. Significant differences were observed among all age groups in their expression of the gene encoding the energy-sensing enzyme AMPK (adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase) α, β, and γ following exposure to the nanoplastic. Moreover, the expression of AMPK α was significantly increased in the 1-, 7-, and 21-day-old individuals exposed to nanoplastic relative to the control group. Together, these results indicate that age in D. pulex affects the sensitivity of its individuals to pollution from this nanoplastic, primarily via alterations to vital physiological and biochemical processes, such as cellular energy homeostasis and oxidation, which were demonstrated in vivo. We speculate that such age-related effects may extend to other nanoplastics and forms of pollution in D. pulex and perhaps similar marine organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiquan Liu
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Mingqi Cai
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Ping Yu
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Minghai Chen
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Donglei Wu
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Yunlong Zhao
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.
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Sługocki Ł, Czerniawski R. Trophic state (TSI SD) and mixing type significantly influence pelagic zooplankton biodiversity in temperate lakes (NW Poland). PeerJ 2018; 6:e5731. [PMID: 30310753 PMCID: PMC6174878 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lake depth and the consequent mixing regime and thermal structure have profound effects on ecosystem functioning, because depth strongly affects the availability of nutrients, light, and oxygen. All these conditions influence patterns of zooplankton diversity. Zooplankton are a key component of the aquatic environment and are essential to maintaining natural processes in freshwater ecosystems. However, zooplankton biodiversity can be different regard to depth, mixing type and trophic state. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine how depth and mixing regime affect zooplankton diversity in lakes. We also investigated the vertical distribution of diversity across a trophic gradient of lakes. Methods A total of 329 zooplankton samples from 79 temperate lakes (36 polymictic and 43 dimictic) were collected. The biodiversity of zooplankton was calculated using species richness (SR) and the Shannon index (SI). An index based on Secchi disc visibility was used to determine the trophic state index (TSISD) of lakes. The one-way ANOVA with Duncan's post hoc test were used to determine differences in zooplankton biodiversity between mictic lake types and thermal layers. To find the best predictors for zooplankton biodiversity a multiple stepwise regression was used. The rarefaction method was used to evaluate the impact of mixing types, thermal layers, and the TSISDon zooplankton biodiversity indices. A Sørensen similarity analysis and nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) were performed to describe the similarity patterns in species composition among lakes. Results We identified a total of 151 taxa from 36 polymictic and 43 dimictic lakes. Lake depth and the TSISD were significantly correlated with the biodiversity of lake zooplankton. The results of ANOVA and Duncan tests show that mictic type and thermal zones had a significant effect on zooplankton biodiversity. The rarefaction curve showed significant differences in zooplankton biodiversity, which was greater in lakes with lower trophic state. Ordination by NMDS showed clustering of different mictic types, thermal layers, and composition changes throughout the TSISDprofile. Moreover, we determined that polymictic lakes are more heterogeneous than dimictic lakes in regard to zooplankton similarities. Discussion Both mictic lake types were characterized by varying levels of zooplankton biodiversity, which is shaped by the communities' response to lake depth, thermal layers and TSISD values. The zooplankton SR and SI (during daylight hours) depends greatly on the mixing type. Lake type also indicates the importance of the metalimnion in shaping zooplankton biodiversity in dimictic lakes. In addition, data from NW Polish lakes indicated that the increase of the TSISD leads to taxonomic shifts and has a negative effect on the diversity of all groups of zooplankton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Sługocki
- Faculty of Biology, University of Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland.,University of Szczecin, Center of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Robert Czerniawski
- Faculty of Biology, University of Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland.,University of Szczecin, Center of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Szczecin, Poland
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Yin M, Wang X, Ma X, Gießler S, Petrusek A, Griebel J, Hu W, Wolinska J. Cytonuclear diversity and shared mitochondrial haplotypes among Daphnia galeata populations separated by seven thousand kilometres. BMC Evol Biol 2018; 18:130. [PMID: 30176793 PMCID: PMC6122193 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-018-1256-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The zooplanktonic cladocerans Daphnia, present in a wide range of water bodies, are an important component of freshwater ecosystems. In contrast to their high dispersal capacity through diapausing eggs carried by waterfowl, Daphnia often exhibit strong population genetic differentiation. Here, to test for common patterns in the population genetic structure of a widespread Holarctic species, D. galeata, we genotyped two sets of populations collected from geographically distant areas: across 13 lakes in Eastern China and 14 lakes in Central Europe. The majority of these populations were genotyped at two types of markers: a mitochondrial gene (for 12S rRNA) and 15 nuclear microsatellite loci. RESULTS Mitochondrial DNA demonstrated relatively shallow divergence within D. galeata, with distinct haplotype compositions in the two study regions but one widely distributed haplotype shared between several of the Chinese as well as European populations. At microsatellite markers, clear separation was observed at both large (between China and Europe) and small (within Europe) geographical scales, as demonstrated by Factorial Correspondence Analyses, Bayesian assignment and a clustering method based on genetic distances. Genetic diversity was comparable between the sets of Chinese and European D. galeata populations for both types of markers. Interestingly, we observed a significant association between genetic distance and geographical distance for D. galeata populations in China but not in Europe. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate relatively recent spread of D. galeata across wide expanses of the Palaearctic, with one mtDNA lineage of D. galeata successfully establishing over large distances. Despite a clear differentiation of Chinese and European D. galeata at a nuclear level, the pattern of genetic variation is nevertheless similar between both regions. Overall, our findings provide insights into the genetic population structure of a cladoceran species with extremely wide geographical range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingbo Yin
- MOE Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Songhu Road, Shanghai, 2005, China.
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Songhu Road, Shanghai, 2005, China
| | - Xiaolin Ma
- MOE Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Songhu Road, Shanghai, 2005, China
| | - Sabine Gießler
- Department Biologie II, Aquatic Evolutionary Ecology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Großhaderner Str. 2, 82152 Planegg-, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Adam Petrusek
- Faculty of Science, Department of Ecology, Charles University, Viničná 7, 12844, Prague, Czechia
| | - Johanna Griebel
- Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Department of Ecosystem Research, Mueggelseedamm 301, 12587, Berlin, Germany
| | - Wei Hu
- MOE Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Songhu Road, Shanghai, 2005, China
| | - Justyna Wolinska
- Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Department of Ecosystem Research, Mueggelseedamm 301, 12587, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacy, Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Konigin-Luise-Str. 1-3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
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Toenshoff ER, Fields PD, Bourgeois YX, Ebert D. The End of a 60-year Riddle: Identification and Genomic Characterization of an Iridovirus, the Causative Agent of White Fat Cell Disease in Zooplankton. G3 (Bethesda) 2018; 8:1259-1272. [PMID: 29487186 PMCID: PMC5873915 DOI: 10.1534/g3.117.300429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The planktonic freshwater crustacean of the genus Daphnia are a model system for biomedical research and, in particular, invertebrate-parasite interactions. Up until now, no virus has been characterized for this system. Here we report the discovery of an iridovirus as the causative agent of White Fat Cell Disease (WFCD) in Daphnia WFCD is a highly virulent disease of Daphnia that can easily be cultured under laboratory conditions. Although it has been studied from sites across Eurasia for more than 60 years, its causative agent had not been described, nor had an iridovirus been connected to WFCD before now. Here we find that an iridovirus-the Daphnia iridescent virus 1 (DIV-1)-is the causative agent of WFCD. DIV-1 has a genome sequence of about 288 kbp, with 39% G+C content and encodes 367 predicted open reading frames. DIV-1 clusters together with other invertebrate iridoviruses but has by far the largest genome among all sequenced iridoviruses. Comparative genomics reveal that DIV-1 has apparently recently lost a substantial number of unique genes but has also gained genes by horizontal gene transfer from its crustacean host. DIV-1 represents the first invertebrate iridovirus that encodes proteins to purportedly cap RNA, and it contains unique genes for a DnaJ-like protein, a membrane glycoprotein and protein of the immunoglobulin superfamily, which may mediate host-pathogen interactions and pathogenicity. Our findings end a 60-year search for the causative agent of WFCD and add to our knowledge of iridovirus genomics and invertebrate-virus interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena R Toenshoff
- Basel University, Department of Environmental Sciences, Zoology, Vesalgasse 1, CH-4051 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Peter D Fields
- Basel University, Department of Environmental Sciences, Zoology, Vesalgasse 1, CH-4051 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Yann X Bourgeois
- Basel University, Department of Environmental Sciences, Zoology, Vesalgasse 1, CH-4051 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dieter Ebert
- Basel University, Department of Environmental Sciences, Zoology, Vesalgasse 1, CH-4051 Basel, Switzerland
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Elías‐Gutiérrez M, Valdez‐Moreno M, Topan J, Young MR, Cohuo‐Colli JA. Improved protocols to accelerate the assembly of DNA barcode reference libraries for freshwater zooplankton. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:3002-3018. [PMID: 29531713 PMCID: PMC5838060 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, freshwater zooplankton sampling and identification methodologies have remained virtually unchanged since they were first established in the beginning of the XX century. One major contributing factor to this slow progress is the limited success of modern genetic methodologies, such as DNA barcoding, in several of the main groups. This study demonstrates improved protocols which enable the rapid assessment of most animal taxa inhabiting any freshwater system by combining the use of light traps, careful fixation at low temperatures using ethanol, and zooplankton-specific primers. We DNA-barcoded 2,136 specimens from a diverse array of taxonomic assemblages (rotifers, mollusks, mites, crustaceans, insects, and fishes) from several Canadian and Mexican lakes with an average sequence success rate of 85.3%. In total, 325 Barcode Index Numbers (BINs) were detected with only three BINs (two cladocerans and one copepod) shared between Canada and Mexico, suggesting a much narrower distribution range of freshwater zooplankton than previously thought. This study is the first to broadly explore the metazoan biodiversity of freshwater systems with DNA barcodes to construct a reference library that represents the first step for future programs which aim to monitor ecosystem health, track invasive species, or improve knowledge of the ecology and distribution of freshwater zooplankton.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Janet Topan
- Centre for Biodiversity GenomicsUniversity of GuelphGuelphONCanada
| | - Monica R. Young
- Centre for Biodiversity GenomicsUniversity of GuelphGuelphONCanada
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Galir Balkić A, Ternjej I, Bogut I. Impact of habitat heterogeneity on zooplankton assembly in a temperate river-floodplain system. Environ Monit Assess 2018; 190:143. [PMID: 29450746 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-018-6524-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Dissimilar life features of Rotifera, Cladocera and Copepoda enable these organisms to respond differently to changes in the hydrological regime which influence alterations in environmental characteristics. We investigated the effect of habitat heterogeneity (e.g. eupotamal, parapotamal, palaeopotamal) on individual zooplankton group assemblages and biodiversity indices (α, β and γ diversity) during hydro regime change in floodplain waterbodies. Dissolved oxygen and organic nitrogen concentrations changed significantly among hydrological states while water depth was affected by both site and hydro regime replacement. Each studied site supported different zooplankton assemblage that highly depended on species-specific responses to hydro regime change. Also, individual zooplankton groups exhibited different correlations with specific environmental parameters regarding site change. Throughout the study, rotifers' local (α) and among-community (β) diversities were susceptible to the site and inundation change while the microcrustacean biodiversity pattern diverged. Copepods highly discriminated different habitat types and hydrological phases at the regional scale (γ diversity), while we found a complete lack of biodiversity dependence on both site and hydrology for Cladocera. Our results show that heterogeneous environments support the development of different zooplankton assemblages that express the within-group dissimilarities. They also point to the importance of identifying processes in hydrologically variable ecosystems that influence biodiversity patterns at an individual zooplankton group level. Our results suggest the use of appropriate zooplankton groups as biological markers in natural habitats and stress the importance of proper management in preserving biodiversity in floodplain areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Galir Balkić
- Department of Biology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Cara Hadrijana 8A, 31000, Osijek, Croatia.
| | - Ivančica Ternjej
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology, Division of Zoology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Irella Bogut
- Faculty of Education, Department of Natural Sciences, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
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Jiménez L, Rühland KM, Jeziorski A, Smol JP, Pérez-Martínez C. Climate change and Saharan dust drive recent cladoceran and primary production changes in remote alpine lakes of Sierra Nevada, Spain. Glob Chang Biol 2018; 24:e139-e158. [PMID: 28833814 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent anthropogenic climate change and the exponential increase over the past few decades of Saharan dust deposition, containing ecologically important inputs of phosphorus (P) and calcium (Ca), are potentially affecting remote aquatic ecosystems. In this study, we examine changes in cladoceran assemblage composition and chlorophyll-a concentrations over the past ~150 years from high-resolution, well-dated sediment cores retrieved from six remote high mountain lakes in the Sierra Nevada Mountains of Southern Spain, a region affected by Saharan dust deposition. In each lake, marked shifts in cladoceran assemblages and chlorophyll-a concentrations in recent decades indicate a regional-scale response to climate and Saharan dust deposition. Chlorophyll-a concentrations have increased since the 1970s, consistent with a response to rising air temperatures and the intensification of atmospheric deposition of Saharan P. Similar shifts in cladoceran taxa across lakes began over a century ago, but have intensified over the past ~50 years, concurrent with trends in regional air temperature, precipitation, and increased Saharan dust deposition. An abrupt increase in the relative abundance of the benthic cladoceran Alona quadrangularis at the expense of Chydorus sphaericus, and a significant increase in Daphnia pulex gr. was a common trend in these softwater lakes. Differences in the magnitude and timing of these changes are likely due to catchment and lake-specific differences. In contrast with other alpine lakes that are often affected by acid deposition, atmospheric Ca deposition appears to be a significant explanatory factor, among others, for the changes in the lake biota of Sierra Nevada that has not been previously considered. The effects observed in Sierra Nevada are likely occurring in other Mediterranean lake districts, especially in softwater, oligotrophic lakes. The predicted increases in global temperature and Saharan dust deposition in the future will further impact the ecological condition of these ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Jiménez
- Institute of Water Research, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Kathleen M Rühland
- Paleoecological Environmental Assessment and Research Lab (PEARL), Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Adam Jeziorski
- Paleoecological Environmental Assessment and Research Lab (PEARL), Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - John P Smol
- Paleoecological Environmental Assessment and Research Lab (PEARL), Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Carmen Pérez-Martínez
- Institute of Water Research, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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Hasenbein S, Peralta J, Lawler SP, Connon RE. Environmentally relevant concentrations of herbicides impact non-target species at multiple sublethal endpoints. Sci Total Environ 2017; 607-608:733-743. [PMID: 28711003 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.06.270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
There is concern over herbicide exposure effects on aquatic primary production and zooplankton as herbicides are found in aquatic ecosystems at concentrations potentially toxic to phytoplankton. We first aimed to determine the effect concentrations (growth inhibition) and mixture interactions of the herbicides diuron (0.5 to 50μg/L) and hexazinone (0.5 to 40μg/L) on the green algae Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata. Secondly, we evaluated chronic effects on Daphnia magna that were periodically fed on P. subcapitata that had been exposed to low, medium, and high concentrations. We hypothesized that based on the mode of action of the herbicides we would observe additive growth inhibition in algae, and sublethal effects on D. magna. Growth inhibition in P. subcapitata following mixture exposure was most consistent with the concentration addition (CA) concept; while the independent action (IA) model underestimated the combined effect. The lowest observed effect concentrations (LOEC) were 1.50μg/L hexazinone, 1.18μg/L diuron, and 0.125 TU (0.30μg/L diuron×0.12μg/L hexazinone) in the single and binary mixture exposures, respectively. High hexazinone exposure decreased D. magna survival (80% vs. 55.6%). Neonate number was reduced by 13.9% in high mixture and 23.5% in high hexazinone treatments. Gravid body length was reduced by 9.5% following exposure to the high mixture. Herbicide exposure decreased neonate size, especially in later broods. Herbicides decreased the phototaxic responses of neonates in most treatments. Herbicide exposure effects were detected at environmentally relevant concentrations, levels considered to be safe according to current USEPA aquatic life benchmarks, suggesting that these benchmarks need to be updated to improve ecological risk assessment. As herbicides are some of the most applied pesticides worldwide, sublethal endpoints can serve as sensitive early warning tools to indicate their presence and can support regulatory assessments and monitoring to protect aquatic life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Hasenbein
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Jade Peralta
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Sharon P Lawler
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Richard E Connon
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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Thielsch A, Knell A, Mohammadyari A, Petrusek A, Schwenk K. Divergent clades or cryptic species? Mito-nuclear discordance in a Daphnia species complex. BMC Evol Biol 2017; 17:227. [PMID: 29166859 PMCID: PMC5700674 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-017-1070-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetically divergent cryptic species are frequently detected by molecular methods. These discoveries are often a byproduct of molecular barcoding studies in which fragments of a selected marker are used for species identification. Highly divergent mitochondrial lineages and putative cryptic species are even detected in intensively studied animal taxa, such as the crustacean genus Daphnia. Recently, eleven such lineages, exhibiting genetic distances comparable to levels observed among well-defined species, were recorded in the D. longispina species complex, a group that contains several key taxa of freshwater ecosystems. We tested if three of those lineages represent indeed distinct species, by analyzing patterns of variation of ten nuclear microsatellite markers in six populations. RESULTS We observed a discordant pattern between mitochondrial and nuclear DNA, as all individuals carrying one of the divergent mitochondrial lineages grouped at the nuclear level with widespread, well-recognized species coexisting at the same localities (Daphnia galeata, D. longispina, and D. cucullata). CONCLUSIONS A likely explanation for this pattern is the introgression of the mitochondrial genome of undescribed taxa into the common species, either in the distant past or after long-distance dispersal. The occurrence of highly divergent but rare mtDNA lineages in the gene pool of widespread species would suggest that hybridization and introgression in the D. longispina species complex is frequent even across large phylogenetic distances, and that discoveries of such distinct clades must be interpreted with caution. However, maintenance of ancient polymorphisms through selection is another plausible alternative that may cause the observed discordance and cannot be entirely excluded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Thielsch
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, Molecular Ecology, University of Koblenz-Landau, Landau in der Pfalz, Germany.
| | - Alexis Knell
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, Molecular Ecology, University of Koblenz-Landau, Landau in der Pfalz, Germany
| | - Ali Mohammadyari
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Adam Petrusek
- Faculty of Science, Department of Ecology, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Klaus Schwenk
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, Molecular Ecology, University of Koblenz-Landau, Landau in der Pfalz, Germany
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