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Guan K, Li Y, Zhang Y, Yang J, Ge Z, Dai X. Transcriptomic and physiological insights into auxin-mediated root growth and potassium uptake in tobacco under low-potassium stress. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2025; 25:664. [PMID: 40389823 PMCID: PMC12087072 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-025-06600-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2025] [Indexed: 05/21/2025]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Improving potassium uptake efficiency in plants is crucial for agricultural production. Auxin is a key plant hormone that promotes root growth and enhances the ability of plants to absorb and accumulate mineral nutrients. To investigate the role of auxins in root growth and potassium uptake mechanisms under low-potassium stress, we used tobacco as a model plant and conducted hydroponic experiments. RESULTS Low-potassium stress significantly impairs root development and potassium uptake in tobacco plants. Under these conditions, exogenous Indole acetic acid (IAA) enhanced root development and increased potassium uptake, whereas N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid (NPA) inhibited root growth and adversely affected potassium absorption and retention. Transcriptome sequencing under low-potassium conditions identified 8,381 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the two different treatment groups that were primarily enriched in pathways related to photosynthesis-antenna proteins, photosynthesis, plant hormone signal transduction, and the MAPK signaling pathway. Analysis of the DEGs associated with auxin signaling, potassium ion channels, transporters, and transcription factors revealed several key genes involved in low-potassium stress response, including KUP6, IAA14, ARF16, PIN1, SKOR, NPF7.3, and AP2/ERF. Notably, KUP6 was upregulated following IAA treatment and downregulated by NPA, indicating that this potassium ion transporter gene plays a crucial role in the auxin-mediated alleviation of low potassium stress in tobacco, which is likely linked to endogenous auxin levels. CONCLUSIONS Our study revealed that potassium deficiency impairs root development and uptake in tobacco and that auxin is critical in mitigating this stress. This study highlights the regulatory function of auxin in enhancing root growth and potassium absorption under low potassium conditions, offering insights into the molecular mechanisms of potassium stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunhao Guan
- College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory for Tobacco Cultivation in Tobacco Industry, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Yingying Li
- College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory for Tobacco Cultivation in Tobacco Industry, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Yuyin Zhang
- College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory for Tobacco Cultivation in Tobacco Industry, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Jie Yang
- College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory for Tobacco Cultivation in Tobacco Industry, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Zixuan Ge
- College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory for Tobacco Cultivation in Tobacco Industry, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Xiaoyan Dai
- College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory for Tobacco Cultivation in Tobacco Industry, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
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Wang Y, Munir T, Wu X, Huang Y, Li B. Phosphorus recovery and reuse: Innovating with biochar in the circular economy. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2025; 973:179143. [PMID: 40112550 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2024] [Revised: 12/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2025] [Indexed: 03/22/2025]
Abstract
Global challenges of phosphorus pollution and scarcity underscore an urgent need for the efficient recycling of this critical resource. Biochar, a sustainable and economical material, has demonstrated significant potential as an adsorbent for phosphorus, offering a viable solution for its recovery from wastewater. Various techniques have been explored to improve the ability of biochar to adsorb inorganic phosphate. While numerous studies have reviewed methods of biochar modification, the underlying adsorption mechanisms, and the thermodynamics and kinetics involved, a thorough examination that addresses the practical challenges of real-world wastewater treatment is currently lacking. This review aims to fill this gap by quantitatively analyzing the impact of coexisting species in wastewater on the adsorption of phosphate and by exploring the potential for simultaneous removal of other contaminants, such as nutrients, heavy metals, and dissolved organic matter. The review also discusses factors that affect the desorption of phosphate from biochar and presents practical applications for biochars post-adsorption. These applications include their use as slow-release phosphorus fertilizers, additives in concrete, and as novel adsorbents for the removal of heavy metals. This comprehensive analysis serves to synthesize current research on phosphate recovery by biochars and to propose practical uses for the adsorbed phosphorus, thereby guiding the development of biochar adsorption technology towards more effective and practical phosphorus management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Wang
- Water Research Center, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Tajammal Munir
- College of Engineering and Technology, American University of the Middle East, Kuwait
| | - Xiaofeng Wu
- Water Research Center, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yuefei Huang
- Water Research Center, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua, Shenzhen 518055, China; State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Bing Li
- Water Research Center, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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Babar S, Baloch A, Qasim M, Wang J, Wang X, Abd-Elkader AM, El-Desouki Z, Xia X, Jiang C. Unraveling the synergistic effect of biochar and potassium solubilizing bacteria on potassium availability and rapeseed growth in acidic soil. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2025; 380:125109. [PMID: 40138938 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.125109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2025] [Accepted: 03/20/2025] [Indexed: 03/29/2025]
Abstract
Potassium (K) is an essential macronutrient for plant growth. However, its bioavailability is low in acidic soils. Excessive K fertilization deteriorates the soil health, thus highlighting the need for sustainable alternatives. In previous studies, biochar application has been proven to be an effective amendment. Meanwhile, various potassium solubilizing bacteria (KSB) have been identified in soil that contributes to K bioavailability. However, their interaction under combine (co) application in acidic soil and its effects on K availability remain poorly understood. Therefore, a pot experiment was conducted to investigate the synergistic effect of co-application of rice straw biochar (BC) and KSB consortium on K availability to promote rapeseed growth. The treatment plan consisted of CK (control), recommended K fertilizer, 2 % BC (2 % w/w), KSB consortium, KSB consortium + 2 % BC (2 % w/w). Results of soil analysis conducted after crop maturity showed that co-application of 2 % BC and KSB consortium significantly improved the soil pH and organic matter contents by 0.62 and 12.52 units respectively, relative to CK. Meanwhile, soil available nutrients were greatly enhanced, as available K content increased by 52.1 %, which indicated that co-application of 2 % BC and KSB consortium could facilitate the better conversion of different forms of soil K and make it available for plant uptake. Furthermore, it also improved extracellular enzymatic activities (26.7-71.6 %) and soil bacterial community (Actinobacteriota and Firmicutes). These improvements greatly enhanced plant biomass (46 %) and yield (31 %). Overall results proved that co-application of 2 % BC and KSB effectively enhanced K availability for sustainable plant growth. Still, there is a need to identify the most efficient KSB strains that, in conjugation with BC, reduce the K fertilizer usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Babar
- Microelement Research Center, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, PR China.
| | - Amanullah Baloch
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China.
| | - Muhammad Qasim
- Microelement Research Center, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, PR China.
| | - Jiyuan Wang
- Microelement Research Center, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, PR China.
| | - Xiangling Wang
- Microelement Research Center, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, PR China.
| | - Ali M Abd-Elkader
- Microelement Research Center, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, PR China; Department of Agricultural Botany Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cario, 11241, Egypt.
| | - Zeinab El-Desouki
- Microelement Research Center, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, PR China.
| | - Xiaoyang Xia
- Microelement Research Center, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, PR China.
| | - Cuncang Jiang
- Microelement Research Center, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, PR China.
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Rahman SU, Han JC, Yasin G, Imtiaz MT, Zhao X, Alharbi SA, Alfarraj S, Alarfaj AA. Synergetic effects of potassium and biochar on morphological, physiological, and biochemical attributes of maize crop grown under different levels of drought stress. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2025; 25:402. [PMID: 40165099 PMCID: PMC11956366 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-025-06391-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2025] [Accepted: 03/12/2025] [Indexed: 04/02/2025]
Abstract
Global climate change accelerates the challenges of agricultural drought spells, which are alarming for food security and can trigger food scarcity. Therefore, improving soil-water retention capability and crop drought resilience is becoming more important for sustainable agriculture. This study investigates the individual and combined effects of biochar and potassium on soil water retention, crop drought resilience, and related physio-biochemical mechanisms over a 50-day growth period in potted plants. Pine needle biochar (350 g/10 Kg of soil) was used during the soil preparation stage while potassium sulfate (100 mg/L) was applied as a foliar spray at the development (10 days) and vegetative stages (45 days) under three drought stress conditions: control (100% FC), mild (75% FC) and severe (40% FC). The results revealed that the combined application of biochar and potassium significantly increased morphological, physiological, and biochemical attributes of maize plants under drought stress, improving shoot fresh weight by 11%, 6%, and 5%, root fresh weight by 19%, 19%, and 23%, shoot length by 17%, 16%, and 19%, and root length by 21%, 30%, and 29% under control, mild, and severe drought stress conditions, respectively. Similarly, relative water contents (RWC) increased by 12%, 16%, and 20%, water potential (Ψ) increased by 26%, 22%, and 24%, osmotic potential (Ψs) increased by 100%, 59%, and 30%, and turgor potential (Ψp) increased by 28%, 35%, and 51% under combined treatment compared to control, mild, and severe drought stress. Additionally, biochar application with potassium foliar spray also improved membrane stability and integrity, cell wall loosening, membrane lipid peroxidation, and protein denaturing by decreasing electrolytic leakage by 35%, 28%, and 43%, proline by 30%, 27%, and 22%, hydrogen peroxidase by 47%, 45%, and 41%, and malondialdehyde contents by 24%, 20%, and 28% through activation of enzymatic (CAT, POD, SOD) and non-enzymatic (TSS, AsA, GSH) antioxidants. Furthermore, nutrient uptake was enhanced, with N increasing by 47%, 19%, and 45%, P by 64%, 82%, and 52%, and K by 24%, 42%, and 35% in shoots compared to normal, mild, and severe drought stress. These improvements mitigated cell dehydration, reduced transpiration inefficiency and delayed senescence, and ultimately supporting plant growth under drought stress. In conclusion, integrating biochar with potassium application effectively improves soil-water retention, alleviates oxidative stress and enhances drought tolerance in maize plants. This strategy can play a crucial role in sustainable agriculture by mitigating the adverse effects of drought stress and improving food security in drought-prone regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shafeeq Ur Rahman
- Water Science and Environmental Engineering Research Center, College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Jing-Cheng Han
- Water Science and Environmental Engineering Research Center, College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China.
| | - Ghulam Yasin
- Department of Forestry and Range Management, Bahauddin Zakaryia University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Talha Imtiaz
- Department of Forestry and Range Management, Bahauddin Zakaryia University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Xu Zhao
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Sulaiman Ali Alharbi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh Alfarraj
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah A Alarfaj
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Cañon-Tafur LA, Mateus-Maldonado JF, Lozano-Puentes HS, Herrera-Acosta CD, Sánchez-Matiz JJ, Díaz-Ariza LA, Costa GM, Jiménez-Borrego LC, Carrascal-Camacho AK, Pedroza-Rodríguez AM. Guadua angustifolia biochar/TiO 2 composite and biochar as bio-based materials with environmental and agricultural application. Sci Rep 2025; 15:246. [PMID: 39747351 PMCID: PMC11697128 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-81761-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2024] [Accepted: 11/28/2024] [Indexed: 01/04/2025] Open
Abstract
Globally, the companies that make commercial use of bamboo culms produce different kinds of solid waste rich in lignocellulosic biomass, which in some cases is not used and is discarded in landfills or incinerated in the open air; losing the possibility of recovering them and using them in other productive sectors. The research objective were to produce a biochar from Guadua agustifolia Kunth sawdust, evaluate its potential environmental and agricultural use, obtain a biochar/TiO2 composite to inactivate Escherichia coli and use the biochar as a soil conditioner in medicinal plants producing phenolic compounds and flavonoids. Biochar composite (produced at 300 °C for 1 h) involved TiO2 at 450 °C for 1 h for inactivation of E. coli (initial concentration: 6.5 ± 0.3 Log10 CFU mL- 1). For agriculture, 2% biochar was used to evaluate B. pilosa L. and G. angustifolia plant growth for 90 days. The biochar/TiO2 composite had a high photocatalytic activity on E. coli, generating a final count of 1.97 ± 0.2 Log10 CFU mL- 1 after 60 min. Biochar (2%) increased the total phenol and flavonoid content in the medicinal plant B. pilosa L. and total phenols in G. angustifolia, tested at the nursery stage. This study provides new information on the conversion and use of G. angustifolia sawdust as an alternative for new bio-based materials with environmental and agricultural applications. In addition, obtaining biochar and composite could positively impact the bamboo production chain in Colombia because of renewable and globally accepted alternatives that help capture gaseous emissions causing the greenhouse effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis A Cañon-Tafur
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Ambiental y Suelos, Unidad de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (UNIDIA), Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, P.O. Box 110‑23, Bogotá, DC, Colombia
- Laboratorio de Películas Delgadas y Nanofotónica, Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, P.O. Box 110‑23, Bogotá, DC, Colombia
| | - Juan F Mateus-Maldonado
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Ambiental y Suelos, Unidad de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (UNIDIA), Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, P.O. Box 110‑23, Bogotá, DC, Colombia
- Laboratorio Asociaciones Suelo, Planta Microorganismo (LAMIC), Grupo de Investigación en Agricultura Biológica, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, P.O. Box 110‑23, Bogotá, DC, Colombia
| | - Hair Santiago Lozano-Puentes
- Laboratorio Asociaciones Suelo, Planta Microorganismo (LAMIC), Grupo de Investigación en Agricultura Biológica, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, P.O. Box 110‑23, Bogotá, DC, Colombia
- Laboratorio de Fitoquímica, Grupo de Investigación Fitoquímica (GIFUJ), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, P.O. Box 110‑23, Bogotá, DC, Colombia
| | - Carlos D Herrera-Acosta
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Ambiental y Suelos, Unidad de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (UNIDIA), Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, P.O. Box 110‑23, Bogotá, DC, Colombia
| | - Juan J Sánchez-Matiz
- Laboratorio Asociaciones Suelo, Planta Microorganismo (LAMIC), Grupo de Investigación en Agricultura Biológica, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, P.O. Box 110‑23, Bogotá, DC, Colombia
| | - Lucía A Díaz-Ariza
- Laboratorio Asociaciones Suelo, Planta Microorganismo (LAMIC), Grupo de Investigación en Agricultura Biológica, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, P.O. Box 110‑23, Bogotá, DC, Colombia
| | - Geison Modesti Costa
- Laboratorio de Fitoquímica, Grupo de Investigación Fitoquímica (GIFUJ), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, P.O. Box 110‑23, Bogotá, DC, Colombia
| | - Luis C Jiménez-Borrego
- Laboratorio de Películas Delgadas y Nanofotónica, Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, P.O. Box 110‑23, Bogotá, DC, Colombia
| | - Ana K Carrascal-Camacho
- Laboratorio de Microbiología de Alimentos. Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, P.O. Box 110‑23, Bogotá, DC, Colombia
| | - Aura M Pedroza-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Ambiental y Suelos, Unidad de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (UNIDIA), Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, P.O. Box 110‑23, Bogotá, DC, Colombia.
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Liao Y, Huang S, Hareem M, Hussain MB, Alarfaj AA, Alharbi SA, Alfarraj S. Addressing cadmium stress in rice with potassium-enriched biochar and Bacillus altitudinis rhizobacteria. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:1084. [PMID: 39548402 PMCID: PMC11568540 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05793-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 11/06/2024] [Indexed: 11/18/2024]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a potentially harmful metal with significant biological toxicity that adversely affects plant growth and physiological metabolism. Excessive Cd exposure in plants leads to stunted plant growth owing to its negative impact on physiological functions such as photosynthesis, nutrient uptake, and water balance. Potassium-enriched biochar (KBC) and Bacillus altitudinis rhizobacteria (RB) can effectively overcome this problem. Potassium-enriched biochar (KBC) significantly enhances plant growth by improving the soil structure, encouraging water retention, and enhancing microbial activity as a slow-release nutrient. Rhizobacteria promote plant growth by improving root ion transport and nutrient availability while promoting soil health and water conservation through RB production. This study examined the effects of combining RB + KBC as an amendment to rice, both with and without Cd stress. Four treatments (control, KBC, RB, and RB + KBC) were applied using a completely randomized design (CRD) in four replications. The results showed that the combination of RB + KBC increased rice plant height (38.40%), shoot length (53.90%), and root length (12.49%) above the control under Cd stress. Additionally, there were notable improvements in chlorophyll a (15.31%), chlorophyll b (25.01%), and total chlorophyll (19.37%) compared to the control under Cd stress, which also showed the potential of RB + KBC treatment. Moreover, increased N, P, and K concentrations in the roots and shoots confirmed that RB + KBC could improve rice plant growth under Cd stress. Consequently, these findings suggest that RB + KBC is an effective amendment to alleviate Cd stress in rice. Farmers should use RB + KBC to achieve better rice growth under cadmium stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghui Liao
- School of Life Science, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, Jiangxi, 343009, China
| | - Shoucheng Huang
- College of Life and Health Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, Anhui, 233100, China
| | - Misbah Hareem
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Woman University Multan, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Baqir Hussain
- Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, Muhammad Nawaz Sharif University of Agriculture Multan, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Abdullah A Alarfaj
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box.2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sulaiman Ali Alharbi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box.2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh Alfarraj
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Deng X, Shi R, Elnour RO, Guo Z, Wang J, Liu W, Li G, Jiao Z. Analysis of rhizosphere fungal diversity in lavender at different planting years based on high-throughput sequencing technology. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0310929. [PMID: 39361671 PMCID: PMC11449376 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0310929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 09/09/2024] [Indexed: 10/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Continuous cropping is a common cultivation practice in lavender cultivation, and the structure of the soil microbial community is one of the main reasons affecting the continuous cropping disorder in lavender; however, the relationship between the number of years of cultivation and inter-root microbial composition has not yet been investigated; using Illumina high-throughput sequencing we detected fungal community structure of rhizosphere soil under 1 (L1), 3 (L3), 5 (L5) and 0 (L0) years' of lavender cultivation in Yili, Xinjiang China. The results showed that with the extension of planting years, the physical-chemical characteristics of the soil shifted, and the diversity of the fungal communities shrank, the abundance and richness of species decreased and then increased, and the phylogenetic diversity increased, The structure of the soil fungal communities varied greatly. At phylum level, dominant fungal phyla were Ascomycetes, Basidiomycetes, etc. At genus level, dominant genera were Gibberella, Mortierella, etc, whose absolute abundance all increased with increasing planting years (P < 0.05); redundancy analysis showed that thesoil physicochemical characteristics significantly correlated with dominant bacterial genera. The FUN Guild prediction showed that six groups of plant pathogens and plant saprotrophs changed significantly (P < 0.05), the amount of harmful bacteria in the soil increased while the amount of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungui (AMF) decreased, leading to a continuous cropping obstacle of lavender. The findings of this study provida theoretical foundation for the management of continuous cropping and the prevention fungus-related diseases in lavender.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Deng
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Yili Normal University, Yining, Xin Jiang, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Lavender Conservation and Utilization at Yili Normal University, Yining, Xin Jiang, China
| | - Renzeng Shi
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Yili Normal University, Yining, Xin Jiang, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Lavender Conservation and Utilization at Yili Normal University, Yining, Xin Jiang, China
| | - Rehab O Elnour
- Faculty of Sciences and Arts, Biology Department, King Khalid University, Dahran Al-Janoub, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zixuan Guo
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Yili Normal University, Yining, Xin Jiang, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Lavender Conservation and Utilization at Yili Normal University, Yining, Xin Jiang, China
| | - Junzhu Wang
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Yili Normal University, Yining, Xin Jiang, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Lavender Conservation and Utilization at Yili Normal University, Yining, Xin Jiang, China
| | - Wenwen Liu
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Yili Normal University, Yining, Xin Jiang, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Lavender Conservation and Utilization at Yili Normal University, Yining, Xin Jiang, China
| | - Guihua Li
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Yili Normal University, Yining, Xin Jiang, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Lavender Conservation and Utilization at Yili Normal University, Yining, Xin Jiang, China
| | - Ziwei Jiao
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Yili Normal University, Yining, Xin Jiang, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Lavender Conservation and Utilization at Yili Normal University, Yining, Xin Jiang, China
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Gao G, Yan L, Tong K, Yu H, Lu M, Wang L, Niu Y. The potential and prospects of modified biochar for comprehensive management of salt-affected soils and plants: A critical review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:169618. [PMID: 38157902 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Soil salinization has become a global problem that threatens farmland health and restricts crop production. Salt-affected soils seriously restrict the development of agricultural, mainly because of sodium ion (Na+) toxicity, nutrient deficiency, and structural changes in the soil. Biochar is a carbon (C)-based substance produced by heating typical biomass waste at high temperatures in anaerobic circumstances. It has high cation exchange capacity (CEC), adsorption capacity, and C content, which is often used as a soil amendment. Biochar generally reduces the concentration of Na+ in soil colloids through its strong adsorption, or uses the calcium (Ca) or magnesium (Mg) rich on its surface to exchange sodium ions (Ex-Na) from soil colloids through cation exchange to accelerate salt leaching during irrigation. Nowadays, biochar is widely used for acidic soils improvement due to its alkaline properties. Although the fact that biochar has gained increasing attention for its significant role in saline alkali soil remediation, there is currently a lack of systematic research on biochar improvers and their potential mechanisms for identifying physical, chemical, and biological indicators of soil eco-environment assessment and plant growth conditions affected by salt stress. This paper reviews the preparation, modification, and activation of biochar, the effects of biochar and its combination with beneficial salt-tolerant strains on salt-affected soils and plant growth. Finally, the limitations, benefits, and future needs of biochar-based soil health assessment technology in salt-affected soils and plant were discussed. This article elaborates on the future opportunities and challenges of biochar in the treatment of saline land, and a green method was provided for the integrate control to salt-affected soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Gao
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Lei Yan
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Kaiqing Tong
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Hualong Yu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Mu Lu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Yusheng Niu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; School of Tourism and Geography Science, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
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Wu Y, Yan Y, Wang Z, Tan Z, Zhou T. Biochar application for the remediation of soil contaminated with potentially toxic elements: Current situation and challenges. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 351:119775. [PMID: 38070425 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Recently, biochar has garnered extensive attention in the remediation of soils contaminated with potentially toxic elements (PTEs) owing to its exceptional adsorption properties and straightforward operation. Most researchers have primarily concentrated on the effects, mechanisms, impact factors, and risks of biochar in remediation of PTEs. However, concerns about the long-term safety and impact of biochar have restricted its application. This review aims to establish a basis for the large-scale popularization of biochar for remediating PTEs-contaminated soil based on a review of interactive mechanisms between soil, PTEs and biochar, as well as the current situation of biochar for remediation in PTEs scenarios. Biochar can directly interact with PTEs or indirectly with soil components, influencing the bioavailability, mobility, and toxicity of PTEs. The efficacy of biochar in remediation varies depending on biomass feedstock, pyrolysis temperature, type of PTEs, and application rate. Compared to pristine biochar, modified biochar offers feasible solutions for tailoring specialized biochar suited to specific PTEs-contaminated soil. Main challenges limiting the applications of biochar are overdose and potential risks. The used biochar is separated from the soil that not only actually removes PTEs, but also mitigates the negative long-term effects of biochar. A sustainable remediation technology is advocated that enables the recovery and regeneration (95.0-95.6%) of biochar from the soil and the removal of PTEs (the removal rate of Cd is more than 20%) from the soil. Finally, future research directions are suggested to augment the environmental safety of biochar and promote its wider application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River), College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yuhang Yan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River), College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zongwei Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River), College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zhongxin Tan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River), College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Tuo Zhou
- China State Key Laboratory of Power Systems, Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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Dengxiao Z, Hongbin J, Wenjing Z, Qingsong Y, Zhihang M, Haizhong W, Wei R, Shiliang L, Daichang W. Combined biochar and water-retaining agent application increased soil water retention capacity and maize seedling drought resistance in Fluvisols. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 907:167885. [PMID: 37863232 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Global climate change has accelerated the occurrence of agricultural drought events, which threaten food security. Therefore, improvements in the soil water retention capacity (WRC) and crop drought resistance are crucial for promoting the sustainability of the agricultural environment. In this study, we explored the effects of applying biochar and water-retaining agent (WRA) on soil WRC and crop drought resistance in a Fluvisols, along with their potential mechanisms. We applied two types of biochar (based on wheat and maize straw) and two WRAs (polyacrylamide and starch-grafted sodium acrylate) to Fluvisols with different textures, and then evaluated soil water retention and crop drought physiological resistance. The combined biochar and WRA treatment increased the WRC in both the sandy loam and clay loam Fluvisols. Biochar and WRA increased the relative content of soil hydrophilic functional groups. Compared with the control (CK), the combined application of biochar and WRA increased the field capacity, reduced soil water volatilization under drought conditions, and slowed water infiltration into the Fluvisols. The soil WRC was higher with the wheat straw biochar (WBC) treatment than with the maize straw biochar (MBC) treatment. It was also higher with polyacrylamide treatment than with the starch-grafted sodium acrylate treatment. The combined application of biochar and WRA improved crop drought physiological resistance by significantly increasing the maize seedling potassium (K) and soluble sugar contents, increasing antioxidant enzyme activity, and reducing the malondialdehyde (MDA) content. The results indicate that the application of biochar and WRA alleviated drought stress by increasing the soil WRC and improving crop drought resistance in Fluvisols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Dengxiao
- College of Resources and Environment, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Jie Hongbin
- College of Resources and Environment, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Zhang Wenjing
- College of Resources and Environment, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Yuan Qingsong
- College of Resources and Environment, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Ma Zhihang
- College of Resources and Environment, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Wu Haizhong
- College of Resources and Environment, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Rao Wei
- College of Resources and Environment, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Liu Shiliang
- College of Resources and Environment, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Wang Daichang
- College of Resources and Environment, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
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11
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Huang S, Huang P, Masood S, Iqbal MM, Naz T, Danish S, Ansari MJ, Salmen SH. Enhancing maize growth through the synergistic impact of potassium enrich biochar and spermidine. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:36. [PMID: 38191323 PMCID: PMC10775565 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-04722-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Maize cultivated for dry grain covers approximately 197 million hectares globally, securing its position as the second most widely grown crop worldwide after wheat. Although spermidine and biochar individually showed positive impacts on maize production in existing literature, their combined effects on maize growth, physiology, nutrient uptake remain unclear and require further in-depth investigation. That's why a pot experiment was conducted on maize with spermidine and potassium enriched biochar (KBC) as treatments in Multan, Pakistan, during the year 2022. Four levels of spermidine (0, 0.15, 0.30, and 0.45mM) and two levels of potassium KBC (0 and 0.50%) were applied in completely randomized design (CRD). Results showed that 0.45 mM spermidine under 0.50% KBC caused significant enhancement in maize shoot length (11.30%), shoot fresh weight (25.78%), shoot dry weight (17.45%), root length (27.95%), root fresh weight (26.80%), and root dry weight (20.86%) over control. A significant increase in maize chlorophyll a (50.00%), chlorophyll b (40.40%), total chlorophyll (47.00%), photosynthetic rate (34.91%), transpiration rate (6.51%), and stomatal conductance (15.99%) compared to control under 0.50%KBC validate the potential of 0.45 mM spermidine. An increase in N, P, and K concentration in the root and shoot while decrease in electrolyte leakage and antioxidants also confirmed that the 0.45 mM spermidine performed more effectively with 0.50%KBC. In conclusion, 0.45 mM spermidine with 0.50%KBC is recommended for enhancing maize growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoucheng Huang
- College of Life and Health Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, 233100, China
| | - Ping Huang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Anhui Science and Technology University, Bengbu, 233000, China
| | - Sajid Masood
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Mazhar Iqbal
- Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan
| | - Tayyaba Naz
- Saline Agriculture Research Centre, Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38400, Pakistan
| | - Subhan Danish
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan.
| | - Mohammad Javed Ansari
- Department of Botany, Hindu College Moradabad (MJP Rohilkhand University Bareilly), Moradabad, 244001, India
| | - Saleh H Salmen
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box -2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
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12
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Xiu L, Gu W, Sun Y, Wu D, Wang Y, Zhang H, Zhang W, Chen W. The fate and supply capacity of potassium in biochar used in agriculture. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 902:165969. [PMID: 37541494 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
We used chemical extraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) to study the potassium (K) in biochar prepared from corn straw at different temperatures (300 °C, 500 °C, 700 °C and 900 °C). The characteristics of biochar were analyzed through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and specific surface area analysis. We found that the potassium in biochar can be divided into water soluble potassium, exchangeable potassium, non-exchangeable potassium, and insoluble potassium according to the availability of agricultural potassium. The fate of potassium in straw changed as follows: with increasing pyrolysis temperature, the proportion of the sum of exchangeable and non-exchangeable potassium decreased, and the proportions of insoluble and lost potassium increased. The total, water soluble and exchangeable potassium contents in biochar were highest at 700 °C. The non-exchangeable and insoluble potassium contents were highest at 300 °C and 900 °C, respectively. Kinetics experiments were conducted to determine the different fates of potassium released from biochar at different temperatures; pot experiments were also undertaken. The release of different forms of potassium in biochar at different temperatures is mainly dominated by heterogeneous diffusion. Biochar increased not only the content of different forms of potassium in soil but also the potassium content of soybean stems and leaves. We calculated the potassium supply capacity of biochar by two strategies, measurements of the potassium content in biochar and the conversion rate of potassium in straw during pyrolysis. The most active and efficient potassium supply capacities were 33.60 g·kg-1 and 9.53 g·kg-1 at 700 °C and 300 °C, respectively. Biochar provides readily available (water soluble and exchangeable) potassium and a long-term (non-exchangeable) potassium supply to soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqun Xiu
- Key Laboratory of Biochar and Soil Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shenyang 110866, China; National Biochar Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; Agronomy College, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Wenqi Gu
- Key Laboratory of Biochar and Soil Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shenyang 110866, China; National Biochar Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; Agronomy College, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Yuanyuan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Biochar and Soil Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shenyang 110866, China; National Biochar Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; Agronomy College, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Di Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biochar and Soil Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shenyang 110866, China; National Biochar Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; Agronomy College, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Yuning Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biochar and Soil Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shenyang 110866, China; National Biochar Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; Agronomy College, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Honggui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biochar and Soil Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shenyang 110866, China; National Biochar Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; Agronomy College, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Weiming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biochar and Soil Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shenyang 110866, China; National Biochar Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; Agronomy College, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.
| | - Wenfu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biochar and Soil Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shenyang 110866, China; National Biochar Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; Agronomy College, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.
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Han H, Chen T, Liu C, Zhang F, Sun Y, Bai Y, Meng J, Chi D, Chen W. Effects of acid modified biochar on potassium uptake, leaching and balance in an alternate wetting and drying paddy ecosystem. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 900:166344. [PMID: 37597543 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
Straw biochar amended soils reduce fertilizer losses and alleviate soil K-exhaustion, while decrease grain yield due to its high pH. H2SO4-modified biochar has been studied as a means to enhance the advantages of biochar and address yield decrease. However, little information is available on its effects on aboveground K uptake, soil K fixation, K leaching, and utilization in paddy rice systems, especially under water stress. A 3-year field experiment was conducted with two irrigation regimes (continuously flooded irrigation, ICF and alternate wetting and drying irrigation, IAWD) as main plots and 0 (control), 20 t ha-1 biochar (B20), and 20 t ha-1 acid-modified biochar (B20A-M) as subplots. The results showed that IAWD significantly decreased water percolation by 9.26 %-14.74 % but increased K leaching by 10.84 %-15.66 %. Compared to B0, B20 and B20A-M significantly increased K leaching by 32.40 % and 30.42 % in 2019, while decreased it by 11.60 %-14.01 % in 2020 and 2021. Both B20 and B20A-M significantly improved aboveground K uptake by 3.45 %-6.71 % throughout the three years. B20 reduced grain yield in 2019 and increased it in 2020 and 2021, while B20A-M increased grain yield throughout the three years. Apparent K balance (AKB) from pre-transplanting to post-harvest over the three years suggested that IAWD significantly increased the risk of soil K depletion but B20 and B20A-M significantly increased AKB, thereby addressing the depletion of it. IAWDB20A-M have a comparable AKB with ICFB20A-M, but had up to 18.3 % and 21.61 % higher AKB than IAWDB20 and ICFB20. Therefore, the use of H2SO4 modified biochar could produce higher grain yield with lower K leaching for addition in IAWD paddy systems, which is beneficial to mitigate soil K depletion and ensure a sustainable agricultural production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Han
- College of Water Conservancy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Taotao Chen
- College of Water Conservancy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; National Biochar Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; Key Laboratory of Biochar and Soil Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shenyang 110866, China.
| | - Chang Liu
- College of Water Conservancy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- College of Water Conservancy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Yidi Sun
- College of Hydraulic Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Yikui Bai
- College of Water Conservancy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Jun Meng
- National Biochar Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; Key Laboratory of Biochar and Soil Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shenyang 110866, China.
| | - Daocai Chi
- College of Water Conservancy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Wenfu Chen
- National Biochar Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; Key Laboratory of Biochar and Soil Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shenyang 110866, China
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Stylianou M, Laifi T, Bennici S, Dutournie P, Limousy L, Agapiou A, Papamichael I, Khiari B, Jeguirim M, Zorpas AA. Tomato waste biochar in the framework of circular economy. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 871:161959. [PMID: 36739037 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Tomato pomace was slowly pyrolyzed at 350 and 550 °C (under an N2 flow of 50 L/h) at a rate of 6 °C/min and a residence time of 1:30 h to produce two biochars named B350 and B550, respectively. In addition, the two biochars were chemically activated with ΚΟΗ (at a ratio of 1:10 w/v) at 800 °C to produce two new materials named BA350 and BA550. The four biochars produced were characterized physically and chemically (pH, yield, calorific value). They were also analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (B.E.T), elemental analysis (EA), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The results showed that as the pyrolysis temperature increased (350 to 550 °C), the specific surface area (SSA) increased. The latter was also significantly increased by the activation process. EA showed a variation in the mineral content of the produced biochars, resulting in a different content of the biochars after activation. The parameters studied showed that biochars from tomato waste could be used as an organic amendment to improve soil fertility in agricultural. In addition, because of their ability to absorb water, they could be used as a water reservoir in soils in arid areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marinos Stylianou
- Open University of Cyprus, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and Engineering Sustainability, Giannou Kranidioti, 89, 2231, Latsia, Nicosia, Cyprus.
| | - Terpsithea Laifi
- Open University of Cyprus, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and Engineering Sustainability, Giannou Kranidioti, 89, 2231, Latsia, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Simona Bennici
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse, 15, Rue Jean Starcky, 68057 Mulhouse Cedex, France.
| | - Patrick Dutournie
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse, 15, Rue Jean Starcky, 68057 Mulhouse Cedex, France.
| | - Lionel Limousy
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse, 15, Rue Jean Starcky, 68057 Mulhouse Cedex, France.
| | - Agapios Agapiou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus.
| | - Iliana Papamichael
- Open University of Cyprus, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and Engineering Sustainability, Giannou Kranidioti, 89, 2231, Latsia, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Besma Khiari
- Wastewaters and Environment Laboratory, Water Research and Technologies Center (CERTE), Technopark Borj Cedria, University of Carthage, P.O. Box 273, Soliman 8020, Tunisia.
| | - Mejdi Jeguirim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus.
| | - Antonis A Zorpas
- Open University of Cyprus, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and Engineering Sustainability, Giannou Kranidioti, 89, 2231, Latsia, Nicosia, Cyprus.
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Rahimzadeh S, Ghassemi-Golezani K. The biochar-based nanocomposites improve seedling emergence and growth of dill by changing phytohormones and sugar signaling under salinity. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:67458-67471. [PMID: 37115437 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27164-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Biochar-based nanocomposites (BNCs) with a high level of sodium sorption capacity may improve salinity tolerance and seedling establishment of dill. Thus, a pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of solid biochar (30 g solid biochar kg-1 soil) and biochar-based nanocomposites of iron (BNC-FeO) and zinc (BNC-ZnO) in individual (30 g BNC kg-1 soil) and a combined form (15 g BNC-FeO + 15 g BNC-ZnO kg-1 soil) on dill seedling growth in different levels of salt stress (non-saline, 6 and 12 dSm-1). Salinity caused a decrease in emergence percentage and emergence rate of seedlings. Increasing salinity of soil up to 12 dSm-1 decreased the biomass of dill seedlings by about 77%. Application of biochar and particularly BNCs increased the content of potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, and zinc, reducing and non-reducing sugars, total sugars, invertase and sucrose synthase activities, leaf water content, gibberellic acid, and indole-3-acetic acid in dill plants, leading to an improvement in seedling growth (shoot length, root length, and dry weight) under saline conditions. Sodium content was noticeably decreased by BNC treatments (9-21%), which reduced mean emergence rate and stress phytohormones such as abscisic acid (31-43%), jasmonic acid (21-42%), and salicylic acid (16-23%). Therefore, BNCs especially in combined form can potentially improve emergence and growth of dill seedlings under salt stress, through reducing sodium content and endogenous stress hormones, and enhancing sugars and growth promoting hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeedeh Rahimzadeh
- Department of Plant Eco-physiology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Kazem Ghassemi-Golezani
- Department of Plant Eco-physiology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
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Zhou J, Hong W, Feng J, Song L, Li X, Xu S, Zhou S. Effects of applying peanut shell and its biochar on the microbial activity and community structure of dryland red soil. Heliyon 2022; 9:e12604. [PMID: 36814625 PMCID: PMC9939539 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to its soil formation process, dryland red soil has certain characteristics that are unfavorable for crop growth, including acidity, fineness, plate structures, and erosivity. The use of large amounts of fertilizer can decrease fertility and biodiversity and increase acidification, thereby seriously restricting the sustainable utilization of dryland red soil resources. Therefore, there is an urgent need for techniques that improve the crop quality and yield in dryland red soil areas. Returning crop waste to fields as fertilizer is a promising approach to sustainable agriculture. In the present study, the effects of applying peanut shell and an associated biochar product to dryland red soil were investigated, with a focus on soil microbial activity and community structure. Field experiments were conducted in Jiangxi Province, southern China, in 2020, in field plots of sweet potato crops. Seven treatments were set up according to the principle of equal carbon return to farmland: Control: (conventional fertilization); S1, S2, S3 (peanut shell application of 3000, 4500 and 6000 kg hm-2, respectively); and BC1, BC2, BC3 (peanut shell biochar application of 1000, 1500 and 2000 kg hm-2, respectively). The application of peanut shell and its biochar improved soil basal respiration, with the greatest increase relative to controls of 161.06% found in treatment S3 at the root harvest stage. The most obvious increase in microbial biomass carbon content due to biochar application was 206.50% in treatment BC2 at the root harvest stage. The application of peanut shell and its biochar increased the phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) contents of total soil microorganisms and different microbial groups. The maximum increases in the PLFA contents of total soil microorganisms, gram-positive bacteria, and gram-negative bacteria occurred at the early root formation stage in treatment BC2, which were 112.16%, 102.52%, and 115.64%, respectively. Both peanut shell and biochar increased the PLFA contents of soil actinomycetes, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), and other fungi to certain extents. The soil actinomycetes PLFAs increased by 120.08% at the early root formation stage in BC2, while the AMF PLFAs increased by 79.44% at the seedling stage in S2. This study provides theoretical and practical guidance for the comprehensive utilization of peanut shell and the implementation of circular agriculture in dryland red soil regions. It also provides a scientific basis for improving the fertility of dryland red soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihai Zhou
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin Co-founded By Anhui Province and Ministry of Education, School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002, China,Collaborative Innovation Center of Southern Modern Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China,Corresponding author. Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, China.
| | - Wanyue Hong
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin Co-founded By Anhui Province and Ministry of Education, School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002, China
| | - Jinping Feng
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin Co-founded By Anhui Province and Ministry of Education, School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002, China
| | - Lanping Song
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin Co-founded By Anhui Province and Ministry of Education, School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002, China
| | - Xiaoping Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Southern Modern Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Shangqi Xu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin Co-founded By Anhui Province and Ministry of Education, School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002, China
| | - Shoubiao Zhou
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin Co-founded By Anhui Province and Ministry of Education, School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002, China
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