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Zanfrini E, Bandral M, Jarc L, Ramirez-Torres MA, Pezzolla D, Kufrin V, Rodriguez-Aznar E, Avila AKM, Cohrs C, Speier S, Neumann K, Gavalas A. Generation and application of novel hES cell reporter lines for the differentiation and maturation of hPS cell-derived islet-like clusters. Sci Rep 2024; 14:19863. [PMID: 39191834 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-69645-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The significant advances in the differentiation of human pluripotent stem (hPS) cells into pancreatic endocrine cells, including functional β-cells, have been based on a detailed understanding of the underlying developmental mechanisms. However, the final differentiation steps, leading from endocrine progenitors to mono-hormonal and mature pancreatic endocrine cells, remain to be fully understood and this is reflected in the remaining shortcomings of the hPS cell-derived islet cells (SC-islet cells), which include a lack of β-cell maturation and variability among different cell lines. Additional signals and modifications of the final differentiation steps will have to be assessed in a combinatorial manner to address the remaining issues and appropriate reporter lines would be useful in this undertaking. Here we report the generation and functional validation of hPS cell reporter lines that can monitor the generation of INS+ and GCG+ cells and their resolution into mono-hormonal cells (INSeGFP, INSeGFP/GCGmCHERRY) as well as β-cell maturation (INSeGFP/MAFAmCHERRY) and function (INSGCaMP6). The reporter hPS cell lines maintained strong and widespread expression of pluripotency markers and differentiated efficiently into definitive endoderm and pancreatic progenitor (PP) cells. PP cells from all lines differentiated efficiently into islet cell clusters that robustly expressed the corresponding reporters and contained glucose-responsive, insulin-producing cells. To demonstrate the applicability of these hPS cell reporter lines in a high-content live imaging approach for the identification of optimal differentiation conditions, we adapted our differentiation procedure to generate SC-islet clusters in microwells. This allowed the live confocal imaging of multiple SC-islets for a single condition and, using this approach, we found that the use of the N21 supplement in the last stage of the differentiation increased the number of monohormonal β-cells without affecting the number of α-cells in the SC-islets. The hPS cell reporter lines and the high-content live imaging approach described here will enable the efficient assessment of multiple conditions for the optimal differentiation and maturation of SC-islets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Zanfrini
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden (PLID) of Helmholtz Center Munich at the University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus of TU Dresden, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Centre for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Manuj Bandral
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden (PLID) of Helmholtz Center Munich at the University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus of TU Dresden, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Centre for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Luka Jarc
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden (PLID) of Helmholtz Center Munich at the University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus of TU Dresden, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Centre for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Maria Alejandra Ramirez-Torres
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden (PLID) of Helmholtz Center Munich at the University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus of TU Dresden, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Centre for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Daniela Pezzolla
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden (PLID) of Helmholtz Center Munich at the University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus of TU Dresden, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Vida Kufrin
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden (PLID) of Helmholtz Center Munich at the University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus of TU Dresden, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Centre for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Eva Rodriguez-Aznar
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden (PLID) of Helmholtz Center Munich at the University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus of TU Dresden, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Centre for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ana Karen Mojica Avila
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden (PLID) of Helmholtz Center Munich at the University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus of TU Dresden, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Centre for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christian Cohrs
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden (PLID) of Helmholtz Center Munich at the University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus of TU Dresden, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Centre for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Stephan Speier
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden (PLID) of Helmholtz Center Munich at the University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus of TU Dresden, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Centre for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Katrin Neumann
- Stem Cell Engineering Facility (SCEF), CRTD, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Anthony Gavalas
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden (PLID) of Helmholtz Center Munich at the University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus of TU Dresden, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
- German Centre for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich-Neuherberg, Germany.
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2
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Jiménez S, Schreiber V, Mercier R, Gradwohl G, Molina N. Characterization of cell-fate decision landscapes by estimating transcription factor dynamics. CELL REPORTS METHODS 2023; 3:100512. [PMID: 37533652 PMCID: PMC10391345 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2023.100512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Time-specific modulation of gene expression during differentiation by transcription factors promotes cell diversity. However, estimating their dynamic regulatory activity at the single-cell level and in a high-throughput manner remains challenging. We present FateCompass, an integrative approach that utilizes single-cell transcriptomics data to identify lineage-specific transcription factors throughout differentiation. By combining a probabilistic framework with RNA velocities or differentiation potential, we estimate transition probabilities, while a linear model of gene regulation is employed to compute transcription factor activities. Considering dynamic changes and correlations of expression and activities, FateCompass identifies lineage-specific regulators. Our validation using in silico data and application to pancreatic endocrine cell differentiation datasets highlight both known and potentially novel lineage-specific regulators. Notably, we uncovered undescribed transcription factors of an enterochromaffin-like population during in vitro differentiation toward ß-like cells. FateCompass provides a valuable framework for hypothesis generation, advancing our understanding of the gene regulatory networks driving cell-fate decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Jiménez
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- CNRS, UMR 7104, 67400 Illkirch, France
- INSERM, UMR-S 1258, 67400 Illkirch, France
- IGBMC, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 67400 Illkirch, France
| | - Valérie Schreiber
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- CNRS, UMR 7104, 67400 Illkirch, France
- INSERM, UMR-S 1258, 67400 Illkirch, France
- IGBMC, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 67400 Illkirch, France
| | - Reuben Mercier
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- CNRS, UMR 7104, 67400 Illkirch, France
- INSERM, UMR-S 1258, 67400 Illkirch, France
- IGBMC, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 67400 Illkirch, France
| | - Gérard Gradwohl
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- CNRS, UMR 7104, 67400 Illkirch, France
- INSERM, UMR-S 1258, 67400 Illkirch, France
- IGBMC, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 67400 Illkirch, France
| | - Nacho Molina
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- CNRS, UMR 7104, 67400 Illkirch, France
- INSERM, UMR-S 1258, 67400 Illkirch, France
- IGBMC, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 67400 Illkirch, France
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3
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Importance of multiple endocrine cell types in islet organoids for type 1 diabetes treatment. Transl Res 2022; 250:68-83. [PMID: 35772687 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2022.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Almost 50 years ago, scientists developed the bi-hormonal abnormality hypothesis, stating that diabetes is not caused merely by the impaired insulin signaling. Instead, the presence of inappropriate level of glucagon is a prerequisite for the development of type 1 diabetes (T1D). It is widely understood that the hormones insulin and glucagon, secreted by healthy β and α cells respectively, operate in a negative feedback loop to maintain the body's blood sugar levels. Despite this fact, traditional T1D treatments rely solely on exogenous insulin injections. Furthermore, research on cell-based therapies and stem-cell derived tissues tends to focus on the replacement of β cells alone. In vivo, the pancreas is made up of 4 major endocrine cell types, that is, insulin-producing β cells, glucagon-producing α cells, somatostatin-producing δ cells, and pancreatic polypeptide-producing γ cells. These distinct cell types are involved synergistically in regulating islet functions. Therefore, it is necessary to produce a pancreatic islet organoid in vitro consisting of all these cell types that adequately replaces the function of the native islets. In this review, we describe the unique function of each pancreatic endocrine cell type and their interactions contributing to the maintenance of normoglycemia. Furthermore, we detail current sources of whole islets and techniques for their long-term expansion and culture. In addition, we highlight a vast potential of the pancreatic islet organoids for transplantation and diabetes research along with updated new approaches for successful transplantation using stem cell-derived islet organoids.
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4
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Dettmer R, Niwolik I, Mehmeti I, Jörns A, Naujok O. New hPSC SOX9 and INS Reporter Cell Lines Facilitate the Observation and Optimization of Differentiation into Insulin-Producing Cells. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 17:2193-2209. [PMID: 34415483 PMCID: PMC8599335 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-021-10232-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells into insulin-producing stem cell-derived beta cells harbors great potential for research and therapy of diabetes. SOX9 plays a crucial role during development of the pancreas and particularly in the development of insulin-producing cells as SOX9+ cells form the source for NEUROG3+ endocrine progenitor cells. For the purpose of easy monitoring of differentiation efficiencies into pancreatic progenitors and insulin-producing cells, we generated new reporter lines by knocking in a P2A-H-2Kk-F2A-GFP2 reporter gene into the SOX9-locus and a P2A-mCherry reporter gene into the INS-locus mediated by CRISPR/CAS9-technology. The knock-ins enabled co-expression of the endogenous and reporter genes and report on the endogenous gene expression. Furthermore, FACS and MACS enabled the purification of pancreatic progenitors and insulin-producing cells. Using these cell lines, we established a new differentiation protocol geared towards SOX9+ cells to efficiently drive human pluripotent stem cells into glucose-responsive beta cells. Our new protocol offers an alternative route towards stem cell-derived beta cells, pointing out the importance of Wnt/beta-catenin inhibition and the efficacy of EGF for the development of pancreatic progenitors, as well as the significance of 3D culture for the functionality of the generated beta cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabea Dettmer
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Isabell Niwolik
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ilir Mehmeti
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Anne Jörns
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ortwin Naujok
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
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5
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Docherty FM, Riemondy KA, Castro-Gutierrez R, Dwulet JM, Shilleh AH, Hansen MS, Williams SPM, Armitage LH, Santostefano KE, Wallet MA, Mathews CE, Triolo TM, Benninger RKP, Russ HA. ENTPD3 Marks Mature Stem Cell-Derived β-Cells Formed by Self-Aggregation In Vitro. Diabetes 2021; 70:2554-2567. [PMID: 34380694 PMCID: PMC8564403 DOI: 10.2337/db20-0873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Stem cell-derived β-like cells (sBC) carry the promise of providing an abundant source of insulin-producing cells for use in cell replacement therapy for patients with diabetes, potentially allowing widespread implementation of a practical cure. To achieve their clinical promise, sBC need to function comparably with mature adult β-cells, but as yet they display varying degrees of maturity. Indeed, detailed knowledge of the events resulting in human β-cell maturation remains obscure. Here we show that sBC spontaneously self-enrich into discreet islet-like cap structures within in vitro cultures, independent of exogenous maturation conditions. Multiple complementary assays demonstrate that this process is accompanied by functional maturation of the self-enriched sBC (seBC); however, the seBC still contain distinct subpopulations displaying different maturation levels. Interestingly, the surface protein ENTPD3 (also known as nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase-3 [NDPTase3]) is a specific marker of the most mature seBC population and can be used for mature seBC identification and sorting. Our results illuminate critical aspects of in vitro sBC maturation and provide important insights toward developing functionally mature sBC for diabetes cell replacement therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona M Docherty
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Kent A Riemondy
- RNA Bioscience Initiative, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | | | - JaeAnn M Dwulet
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, Bioengineering and Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Ali H Shilleh
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Maria S Hansen
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Shane P M Williams
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Lucas H Armitage
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
- University of Florida Diabetes Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Katherine E Santostefano
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
- Center for Cellular Reprogramming, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Mark A Wallet
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
- University of Florida Diabetes Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Clayton E Mathews
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
- University of Florida Diabetes Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
- Center for Cellular Reprogramming, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Taylor M Triolo
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Richard K P Benninger
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, Bioengineering and Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Holger A Russ
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
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6
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Su PH, Huang RL, Lai HC, Chen LY, Weng YC, Wang CC, Wu CC. NKX6-1 mediates cancer stem-like properties and regulates sonic hedgehog signaling in leiomyosarcoma. J Biomed Sci 2021; 28:32. [PMID: 33906647 PMCID: PMC8077933 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-021-00726-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Leiomyosarcoma (LMS), the most common soft tissue sarcoma, exhibits heterogeneous and complex genetic karyotypes with severe chromosomal instability and rearrangement and poor prognosis. Methods Clinical variables associated with NKX6-1 were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). NKX6-1 mRNA expression was examined in 49 human uterine tissues. The in vitro effects of NXK6-1 in LMS cells were determined by reverse transcriptase PCR, western blotting, colony formation, spheroid formation, and cell viability assays. In vivo tumor growth was evaluated in nude mice. Results Using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and human uterine tissue datasets, we observed that NKX6-1 expression was associated with poor prognosis and malignant potential in LMS. NKX6-1 enhanced in vitro tumor cell aggressiveness via upregulation of cell proliferation and anchorage-independent growth and promoted in vivo tumor growth. Moreover, overexpression and knockdown of NKX6-1 were associated with upregulation and downregulation, respectively, of stem cell transcription factors, including KLF8, MYC, and CD49F, and affected sphere formation, chemoresistance, NOTCH signaling and Sonic hedgehog (SHH) pathways in human sarcoma cells. Importantly, treatment with an SHH inhibitor (RU-SKI 43) but not a NOTCH inhibitor (DAPT) reduced cell survival in NKX6-1-expressing cancer cells, indicating that an SHH inhibitor could be useful in treating LMS. Finally, using the TCGA dataset, we demonstrated that LMS patients with high expression of NKX6-1 and HHAT, an SHH pathway acyltransferase, had poorer survival outcomes compared to those without. Conclusions Our findings indicate that NKX6-1 and HHAT play critical roles in the pathogenesis of LMS and could be promising diagnostic and therapeutic targets for LMS patients. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12929-021-00726-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Hsuan Su
- Translational Epigenetics Center, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Rui-Lan Huang
- Translational Epigenetics Center, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Cheng Lai
- Translational Epigenetics Center, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lin-Yu Chen
- Translational Epigenetics Center, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chun Weng
- Translational Epigenetics Center, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chien Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Neihu District, No. 325, Sec. 2, Chengong Road, Taipei, 11490, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chun Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Neihu District, No. 325, Sec. 2, Chengong Road, Taipei, 11490, Taiwan.
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7
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Aigha II, Abdelalim EM. NKX6.1 transcription factor: a crucial regulator of pancreatic β cell development, identity, and proliferation. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:459. [PMID: 33121533 PMCID: PMC7597038 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01977-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the biology underlying the mechanisms and pathways regulating pancreatic β cell development is necessary to understand the pathology of diabetes mellitus (DM), which is characterized by the progressive reduction in insulin-producing β cell mass. Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) can potentially offer an unlimited supply of functional β cells for cellular therapy and disease modeling of DM. Homeobox protein NKX6.1 is a transcription factor (TF) that plays a critical role in pancreatic β cell function and proliferation. In human pancreatic islet, NKX6.1 expression is exclusive to β cells and is undetectable in other islet cells. Several reports showed that activation of NKX6.1 in PSC-derived pancreatic progenitors (MPCs), expressing PDX1 (PDX1+/NKX6.1+), warrants their future commitment to monohormonal β cells. However, further differentiation of MPCs lacking NKX6.1 expression (PDX1+/NKX6.1−) results in an undesirable generation of non-functional polyhormonal β cells. The importance of NKX6.1 as a crucial regulator in MPC specification into functional β cells directs attentions to further investigating its mechanism and enhancing NKX6.1 expression as a means to increase β cell function and mass. Here, we shed light on the role of NKX6.1 during pancreatic β cell development and in directing the MPCs to functional monohormonal lineage. Furthermore, we address the transcriptional mechanisms and targets of NKX6.1 as well as its association with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idil I Aigha
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, Qatar.,Diabetes Research Center (DRC), Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), PO Box 34110, Doha, Qatar
| | - Essam M Abdelalim
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, Qatar. .,Diabetes Research Center (DRC), Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), PO Box 34110, Doha, Qatar.
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8
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New insights into human beta cell biology using human pluripotent stem cells. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2020; 103:31-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2019.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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9
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Bi H, Karanth SS, Ye K, Stein R, Jin S. Decellularized Tissue Matrix Enhances Self-Assembly of Islet Organoids from Pluripotent Stem Cell Differentiation. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:4155-4165. [PMID: 33463310 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c00088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Regenerating human islet organoids from stem cells remains a significant challenge because of our limited knowledge on cues essential for developing the endocrine organoids in vitro. In this study, we discovered that a natural material prepared from a decellularized rat pancreatic extracellular matrix (dpECM) induces the self-assembly of human islet organoids during induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) pancreatic differentiation. For the first time, we demonstrated that the iPSC-derived islet organoids formed in the presence of the dpECM are capable of glucose-responsive secretion of both insulin and glucagon, two major hormones that maintain blood glucose homeostasis. The characterization of the organoids revealed that the organoids consisted of all major endocrine cell types, including α, β, δ, and pancreatic polypeptide cells, that were assembled into a tissue architecture similar to that of human islets. The exposure of iPSCs to the dpECM during differentiation resulted in considerably elevated expression of key pancreatic transcription factors such as PDX-1, MAFA, and NKX6.1 and the production of all major hormones, including insulin, glucagon, somatostatin, and pancreatic polypeptide from stem cell-derived organoids. This study highlights the importance of natural, bioactive biomaterials for building microenvironments crucial to regenerating islet organoids from stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanjing Bi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Binghamton University, State University of New York (SUNY), Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
| | - Soujanya S Karanth
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Binghamton University, State University of New York (SUNY), Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
| | - Kaiming Ye
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Binghamton University, State University of New York (SUNY), Binghamton, New York 13902, United States.,Center of Biomanufacturing for Regenerative Medicine, Binghamton University, State University of New York (SUNY), Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
| | - Roland Stein
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Sha Jin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Binghamton University, State University of New York (SUNY), Binghamton, New York 13902, United States.,Center of Biomanufacturing for Regenerative Medicine, Binghamton University, State University of New York (SUNY), Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
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10
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Komura S, Satake T, Goto A, Aoki H, Shibata H, Ito K, Hirakawa A, Yamada Y, Akiyama H. Induced pluripotent stem cell-derived tenocyte-like cells promote the regeneration of injured tendons in mice. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3992. [PMID: 32132649 PMCID: PMC7055210 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61063-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tendons are dense fibrous structures that attach muscles to bones. Healing of tendon injuries is a clinical challenge owing to poor regenerative potential and scarring. Here, we created reporter mice that express EGFP, driven by the promoter of the tendon-specific Scleraxis (Scx) transcription-factor gene; we then generated induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from these mice. Utilising these fluorescently labelled iPSCs, we developed a tenogenic differentiation protocol. The iPSC-derived EGFP-positive cells exhibited elevated expression of tendon-specific genes, including Scx, Mohawk, Tenomodulin, and Fibromodulin, indicating that they have tenocyte-like properties. Finally, we demonstrated that these cells promoted tendon regeneration in mice after transplantation into injured tendons reducing scar formation via paracrine effect. Our data demonstrate that the tenogenic differentiation protocol successfully provided functional cells from iPSCs. We propose that pluripotent stem cell-based therapy using this protocol will provide an effective therapeutic approach for tendon injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Komura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan. .,Laboratory of Stem Cell Oncology, Department of Life Science Frontiers, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
| | - Takashi Satake
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan
| | - Atsushi Goto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan
| | - Hitomi Aoki
- Department of Tissue and Organ Development, Regeneration, and Advanced Medical Science, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Shibata
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Oncology, Department of Life Science Frontiers, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Kenji Ito
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Oncology, Department of Life Science Frontiers, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.,Division of Stem Cell Pathology, Center for Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Akihiro Hirakawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Yamada
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Oncology, Department of Life Science Frontiers, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.,Division of Stem Cell Pathology, Center for Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Akiyama
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan
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11
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Kuncorojakti S, Srisuwatanasagul S, Kradangnga K, Sawangmake C. Insulin-Producing Cell Transplantation Platform for Veterinary Practice. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:4. [PMID: 32118053 PMCID: PMC7028771 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) remains a global concern in both human and veterinary medicine. Type I DM requires prolonged and consistent exogenous insulin administration to address hyperglycemia, which can increase the risk of diabetes complications such as retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy, and heart disorders. Cell-based therapies have been successful in human medicine using the Edmonton protocol. These therapies help maintain the production of endogenous insulin and stabilize blood glucose levels and may possibly be adapted to veterinary clinical practice. The limited number of cadaveric pancreas donors and the long-term use of immunosuppressive agents are the main obstacles for this protocol. Over the past decade, the development of potential therapies for DM has mainly focused on the generation of effective insulin-producing cells (IPCs) from various sources of stem cells that can be transplanted into the body. Another successful application of stem cells in type I DM therapies is transplanting generated IPCs. Encapsulation can be an alternative strategy to protect IPCs from rejection by the body due to their immunoisolation properties. This review summarizes current concepts of IPCs and encapsulation technology for veterinary clinical application and proposes a potential stem-cell-based platform for veterinary diabetic regenerative therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suryo Kuncorojakti
- Veterinary Stem Cell and Bioengineering Innovation Center (VSCBIC), Veterinary Pharmacology and Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Sayamon Srisuwatanasagul
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Krishaporn Kradangnga
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chenphop Sawangmake
- Veterinary Stem Cell and Bioengineering Innovation Center (VSCBIC), Veterinary Pharmacology and Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Veterinary Clinical Stem Cell and Bioengineering Research Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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12
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Tran R, Moraes C, Hoesli CA. Controlled clustering enhances PDX1 and NKX6.1 expression in pancreatic endoderm cells derived from pluripotent stem cells. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1190. [PMID: 31988329 PMCID: PMC6985188 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-57787-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cell (PSC)-derived insulin-producing cells are a promising cell source for diabetes cellular therapy. However, the efficiency of the multi-step process required to differentiate PSCs towards pancreatic beta cells is variable between cell lines, batches and even within cultures. In adherent pancreatic differentiation protocols, we observed spontaneous local clustering of cells expressing elevated nuclear expression of pancreatic endocrine transcription factors, PDX1 and NKX6.1. Since aggregation has previously been shown to promote downstream differentiation, this local clustering may contribute to the variability in differentiation efficiencies observed within and between cultures. We therefore hypothesized that controlling and directing the spontaneous clustering process would lead to more efficient and consistent induction of pancreatic endocrine fate. Micropatterning cells in adherent microwells prompted clustering, local cell density increases, and increased nuclear accumulation of PDX1 and NKX6.1. Improved differentiation profiles were associated with distinct filamentous actin architectures, suggesting a previously overlooked role for cell-driven morphogenetic changes in supporting pancreatic differentiation. This work demonstrates that confined differentiation in cell-adhesive micropatterns may provide a facile, scalable, and more reproducible manufacturing route to drive morphogenesis and produce well-differentiated pancreatic cell clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond Tran
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, 3610 rue University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Christopher Moraes
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, 3610 rue University, Montreal, QC, Canada. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, 3775 rue University, Montreal, QC, Canada. .,Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Center, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Corinne A Hoesli
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, 3610 rue University, Montreal, QC, Canada. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, 3775 rue University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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13
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Wesolowska-Andersen A, Jensen RR, Alcántara MP, Beer NL, Duff C, Nylander V, Gosden M, Witty L, Bowden R, McCarthy MI, Hansson M, Gloyn AL, Honore C. Analysis of Differentiation Protocols Defines a Common Pancreatic Progenitor Molecular Signature and Guides Refinement of Endocrine Differentiation. Stem Cell Reports 2019; 14:138-153. [PMID: 31883919 PMCID: PMC6962645 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2019.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Several distinct differentiation protocols for deriving pancreatic progenitors (PPs) from human pluripotent stem cells have been described, but it remains to be shown how similar the PPs are across protocols and how well they resemble their in vivo counterparts. Here, we evaluated three differentiation protocols, performed RNA and assay for transposase-accessible chromatin using sequencing on isolated PPs derived with these, and compared them with fetal human pancreas populations. This enabled us to define a shared transcriptional and epigenomic signature of the PPs, including several genes not previously implicated in pancreas development. Furthermore, we identified a significant and previously unappreciated cross-protocol variation of the PPs through multi-omics analysis and demonstrate how such information can be applied to refine differentiation protocols for derivation of insulin-producing beta-like cells. Together, our study highlights the importance of a detailed characterization of defined cell populations derived from distinct differentiation protocols and provides a valuable resource for exploring human pancreatic development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Nicola L. Beer
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, OX3 7LE Oxford, UK
| | - Claire Duff
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, OX3 7LE Oxford, UK
| | - Vibe Nylander
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, OX3 7LE Oxford, UK
| | - Matthew Gosden
- The MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, OX3 9DS Oxford, UK
| | - Lorna Witty
- Wellcome Centre Human Genetics, University of Oxford, OX3 7BN Oxford, UK
| | - Rory Bowden
- Wellcome Centre Human Genetics, University of Oxford, OX3 7BN Oxford, UK
| | - Mark I. McCarthy
- Wellcome Centre Human Genetics, University of Oxford, OX3 7BN Oxford, UK,Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, OX3 7LE Oxford, UK,NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, OX3 7LE Oxford, UK
| | | | - Anna L. Gloyn
- Wellcome Centre Human Genetics, University of Oxford, OX3 7BN Oxford, UK,Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, OX3 7LE Oxford, UK,NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, OX3 7LE Oxford, UK
| | - Christian Honore
- Stem Cell R&D, Novo Nordisk A/S, 2760 Måløv, Denmark,Corresponding author
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14
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Veres A, Faust AL, Bushnell HL, Engquist EN, Kenty JHR, Harb G, Poh YC, Sintov E, Gürtler M, Pagliuca FW, Peterson QP, Melton DA. Charting cellular identity during human in vitro β-cell differentiation. Nature 2019; 569:368-373. [PMID: 31068696 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1168-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 313] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In vitro differentiation of human stem cells can produce pancreatic β-cells; the loss of this insulin-secreting cell type underlies type 1 diabetes. Here, as a step towards understanding this differentiation process, we report the transcriptional profiling of more than 100,000 human cells undergoing in vitro β-cell differentiation, and describe the cells that emerged. We resolve populations that correspond to β-cells, α-like poly-hormonal cells, non-endocrine cells that resemble pancreatic exocrine cells and a previously unreported population that resembles enterochromaffin cells. We show that endocrine cells maintain their identity in culture in the absence of exogenous growth factors, and that changes in gene expression associated with in vivo β-cell maturation are recapitulated in vitro. We implement a scalable re-aggregation technique to deplete non-endocrine cells and identify CD49a (also known as ITGA1) as a surface marker of the β-cell population, which allows magnetic sorting to a purity of 80%. Finally, we use a high-resolution sequencing time course to characterize gene-expression dynamics during the induction of human pancreatic endocrine cells, from which we develop a lineage model of in vitro β-cell differentiation. This study provides a perspective on human stem-cell differentiation, and will guide future endeavours that focus on the differentiation of pancreatic islet cells, and their applications in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Veres
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Harvard Systems Biology PhD Program, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Aubrey L Faust
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Henry L Bushnell
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Elise N Engquist
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Elad Sintov
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Quinn P Peterson
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Douglas A Melton
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA. .,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA. .,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA.
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15
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Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells in the Curative Treatment of Diabetes and Potential Impediments Ahead. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1144:25-35. [PMID: 30569414 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2018_305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The successful landmark discovery of mouse and human inducible pluripotential stem cells (iPSC's) by Takahashi and Yamanaka in 2006 and 2007 has triggered a revolution in the potential generation of self-compatible cells for regenerative medicine, and further opened up a new avenue for "disease in dish" drug screening of self-target cells (Neofytou et al. 2015). The introduction of four 'Yamanaka' transcription factors through viral or other transfection of mature cells can induce pluripotency and acquired plasticity. These factors include transduction with octamer-binding transcription factor-4 (Oct-4), nanog homeobox (Nanog), sex-determining region Y-box-2 (Sox-2) and MYC protooncogene (cMyc). Such cells become iPSC's (Takahashi and Yamanaka 2006). These reprogrammed cells exhibit increased telomerase activity and have a hypomethylated gene promotor region similar to embryonic stem cells (ESC's). These milestone discoveries have generated immense hope that diseases such as diabetes could be treated and effectively cured by transplantation of self-compatible, personalized autologous stem cell transplantation of β-cells that release physiological insulin under glycemic control (Maehr et al. 2009; Park et al. 2008) (Fig. 1). Diabetes is a profligate disease of disordered glucose metabolism resulting from an absolute or relative deficiency of insulin, the consequences of which lead to immense socio-economic societal burden. While there are many different types of diabetes, the two major types (type 1 diabetes (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) are caused respectively by immune-mediated destruction (T1DM) or malfunctioning (T2DM) insulin-producing β-cells within the endocrine pancreas, the islets of Langerhans (Atkinson et al. 2011; Holman et al. 2015; You and Henneberg 2016). Almost 425 million people are affected by the global burden of diabetes, and this is predicted to increase by 48% (629 million) by 2045 (International Diabetes Federation Atlas 8th Ed 2018). Whole pancreas or islet cell transplantation offer an effective alternative to injected insulin, but both require lifelong potent immunosuppression to control both allo-and autoimmunity. Whole pancreas transplantation involves invasive complex surgery and is associated with greater morbidity and occasional mortality, while islet transplantation involves a minimally invasive intraportal hepatic infusion. Generally, whole pancreas transplantation provides greater metabolic reserve, but this may be matched by cumulative multiple islet infusions to achieve insulin independence. An additional challenge of islet transplantation is progressive loss of complete insulin independence over time, which may be multifactorial, the dominant factor however being ineffective control of autoimmunity. Both whole pancreas and islet transplantation are restricted to patients at risk of severe hypoglycemia that cannot be stabilized by alternate means, or in recipients that are already immunosuppressed in order to sustain a kidney or other solid organ transplant. The risks of chronic immunosuppression and the scarcity of human organ donors mean that both of these transplantation therapies cannot presently be extended to the broader diabetic population (Shapiro 2011; Shapiro et al. 2006). Recent progress in xenotransplantation of multiple knock-out 'humanized' pig islets could offer one potential solution, perhaps aided by clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR associated-9 (CRISPR/Cas-9) gene editing approaches, but this remains to be proven in practice. Human stem cell derived new β-cell products could effectively address the global supply challenge for broad application across all forms of diabetes, but recurrent autoimmunity may still remain an insurmountable challenge. Considerable progress in the generation of human stem cell derived SC-β cells from ESC, iPS and other adult cell sources such as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) offer huge hope that a personalized, 'syngeneic' cell could be transplanted without risk of alloimmunity, thereby securing sufficient supply to meet future global demand (Cito et al. 2018).
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