1
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Zhan Y, Yang Z, Zeng H, Yu J, Chen X, Wu Y. Extracellular vesicle-derived non-coding RNAs in remodeling melanoma. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 172:116213. [PMID: 38306847 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is one of the most lethal cutaneous malignancies. Despite great advances in radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy, the survival rate and prognosis of patients with melanoma remain poor. The abundant and sophisticated reciprocal communication network between melanoma cells and non-tumor cells contributes to the high heterogeneity of the melanoma microenvironment and is intimately related to varying treatment responses and clinical courses. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane structures generated by nearly all cell types. EVs contain biologically active molecules, mainly comprising proteins, lipids, and RNAs, and undoubtedly play multifaceted roles in numerous diseases, represented by melanoma. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) mainly encompass long non-coding RNAs, microRNAs, and circular RNAs and constitute the majority of the human transcriptome. Multiple ncRNAs encapsulated in EVs coordinate various pathophysiological processes in melanoma. This review summarizes the mechanisms by which EV-ncRNAs modulate biological behaviors and immunity, and their potential diagnostic and therapeutic applications in melanoma. Undoubtedly, further insight into EV-ncRNAs and their functions in melanoma will contribute to the clinical treatment of melanoma and the implementation of precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Zhan
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zihui Yang
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong Zeng
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Yu
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Xue Chen
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Yiping Wu
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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2
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Chen Z, Wang Q, Liu J, Wang W, Yuan W, Liu Y, Sun Z, Wang C. Effects of extracellular vesicle-derived noncoding RNAs on pre-metastatic niche and tumor progression. Genes Dis 2024; 11:176-188. [PMID: 37588211 PMCID: PMC10425748 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2022.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
A pre-metastatic niche (PMN) is a protective microenvironment that facilitates the colonization of disseminating tumor cells in future metastatic organs. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a role in intercellular communication by delivering cargoes, such as noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs). The pivotal role of extracellular vesicle-derived noncoding RNAs (EV-ncRNAs) in the PMN has attracted increasing attention. In this review, we summarized the effects of EV-ncRNAs on the PMN in terms of immunosuppression, vascular permeability and angiogenesis, inflammation, metabolic reprogramming, and fibroblast alterations. In particular, we provided a comprehensive overview of the effects of EV-ncRNAs on the PMN in different cancers. Finally, we discussed the promising clinical applications of EV-ncRNAs, including their potential as diagnostic and prognostic markers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuang Chen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
- Academy of Medical Sciences of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Qiming Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, China
| | - Jinbo Liu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Wenkang Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Weitang Yuan
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Radiotherapy, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, China
| | - Zhenqiang Sun
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Chengzeng Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
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3
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Li Y, Liu F. The extracellular vesicles targeting tumor microenvironment: a promising therapeutic strategy for melanoma. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1200249. [PMID: 37575250 PMCID: PMC10419216 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1200249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small particles secreted by numerous cell types and circulate in almost all body fluids, acting as crucial messengers for cell-to-cell communication. EVs involves multiple physiological and pathological processes, including tumor progression, via their multiple cargoes. Therefore, EVs have become attractive candidates for the treatment of tumor, including melanoma. Notably, due to the crucial role of the tumor microenvironment (TME) in promoting tumor malignant phenotype, and the close intercellular communication in TME, EVs-based therapy by targeting TME has become a cutting-edge and prospective strategy for inhibiting melanoma progression and strengthening the anti-tumor immunity. In this review, we aimed to summarize and discuss the role of therapeutic EVs, which target the components of TME in melanoma, thereby providing insights into these promising clinical strategies for the treatment of melanoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongmin Li
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumor Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, China
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4
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Beetler DJ, Di Florio DN, Bruno KA, Ikezu T, March KL, Cooper LT, Wolfram J, Fairweather D. Extracellular vesicles as personalized medicine. Mol Aspects Med 2023; 91:101155. [PMID: 36456416 PMCID: PMC10073244 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2022.101155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are released from all cells in the body, forming an important intercellular communication network that contributes to health and disease. The contents of EVs are cell source-specific, inducing distinct signaling responses in recipient cells. The specificity of EVs and their accumulation in fluid spaces that are accessible for liquid biopsies make them highly attractive as potential biomarkers and therapies for disease. The duality of EVs as favorable (therapeutic) or unfavorable (pathological) messengers is context dependent and remains to be fully determined in homeostasis and various disease states. This review describes the use of EVs as biomarkers, drug delivery vehicles, and regenerative therapeutics, highlighting examples involving viral infections, cancer, and neurological diseases. There is growing interest to provide personalized therapy based on individual patient and disease characteristics. Increasing evidence suggests that EV biomarkers and therapeutic approaches are ideal for personalized medicine due to the diversity and multifunctionality of EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle J Beetler
- Center for Clinical and Translational Science, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55902, USA; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Damian N Di Florio
- Center for Clinical and Translational Science, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55902, USA; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Katelyn A Bruno
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA; Center for Regenerative Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA; Division of Cardiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Tsuneya Ikezu
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Keith L March
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA; Division of Cardiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Leslie T Cooper
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Joy Wolfram
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia; Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - DeLisa Fairweather
- Center for Clinical and Translational Science, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55902, USA; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
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5
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Spurling D, Anchan A, Hucklesby J, Finlay G, Angel CE, Graham ES. Melanoma Cells Produce Large Vesicular-Bodies That Cause Rapid Disruption of Brain Endothelial Barrier-Integrity and Disassembly of Junctional Proteins. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076082. [PMID: 37047054 PMCID: PMC10093843 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
It is known that many cells produce extracellular vesicles, and this includes a range of different cancer cell types. Here we demonstrate the profound effects of large vesicular-like bodies produced by melanoma cells on the barrier integrity of human brain endothelial cells. These vesicular-bodies have not been fully characterised but range in size from ~500 nm to >10 µm, are surrounded by membrane and are enzymatically active based on cell-tracker incorporation. Their size is consistent with previously reported large oncosomes and apoptotic bodies. We demonstrate that these melanoma-derived vesicular-bodies rapidly affect brain endothelial barrier integrity, measured using ECIS biosensor technology, where the disruption is evident within ~60 min. This disruption involves acquisition of the vesicles through transcellular uptake into the endothelial cells. We also observed extensive actin-rearrangement, actin removal from the paracellular boundary of the endothelial cells and envelopment of the vesicular-bodies by actin. This was concordant with widespread changes in CD144 localisation, which was consistent with the loss of junctional strength. High-resolution confocal imaging revealed proximity of the melanoma vesicular-bodies juxtaposed to the endothelial nucleus, often containing fragmented DNA themselves, raising speculation over this association and potential delivery of nuclear material into the brain endothelial cells. The disruption of the endothelial cells occurs in a manner that is faster and completely distinct to that of invasion by intact melanoma cells. Given the clinical observation of large vesicles in the circulation of melanoma patients by others, we hypothesize their involvement in weakening or priming the brain vasculature for melanoma invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayna Spurling
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
- Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Akshata Anchan
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
- Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - James Hucklesby
- Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Graeme Finlay
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Catherine E Angel
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - E Scott Graham
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
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6
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In Vitro Interaction of Melanoma-Derived Extracellular Vesicles with Collagen. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043703. [PMID: 36835115 PMCID: PMC9964759 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles are now considered as active contributors to melanoma progression through their capacity to modify the tumor microenvironment and to favor the formation of a pre-metastatic niche. These prometastatic roles of tumor-derived EVs would pass through their interaction with the extracellular matrix (ECM) and its remodeling, in turn providing a substrate favoring persistent tumor cell migration. Nevertheless, the capacity of EVs to directly interact with ECM components is still questionable. In this study, we use electron microscopy and a pull-down assay to test the capacity of sEVs, derived from different melanoma cell lines, to physically interact with collagen I. We were able to generate collagen fibrils coated with sEVs and to show that melanoma cells release subpopulations of sEVs that can differentially interact with collagen.
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7
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Medhin LB, Beasley AB, Warburton L, Amanuel B, Gray ES. Extracellular vesicles as a liquid biopsy for melanoma: Are we there yet? Semin Cancer Biol 2023; 89:92-98. [PMID: 36706847 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2023.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Melanoma is the most aggressive form of skin cancer owing to its high propensity to metastasise in distant organs and develop resistance to treatment. The scarce treatment options available for melanoma underscore the need for biomarkers to guide treatment decisions. In this context, an attractive alternative to overcome the limitations of repeated tissue sampling is the analysis of peripheral blood samples, referred to as 'liquid biopsy'. In particular, the analysis of extracellular vesicles (EVs) has emerged as a promising candidate due to their role in orchestrating cancer dissemination, immune modulation, and drug resistance. As we gain insights into the role of EVs in cancer and melanoma their potential for clinical use is becoming apparent. Herein, we critically summarise the current evidence supporting EVs as biomarkers for melanoma diagnosis, prognostication, therapy response prediction, and drug resistance. EVs are proposed as a candidate biomarker for predicting therapeutic response to immune checkpoint inhibition. However, to realise the potential of EV analysis for clinical decision-making strong clinical validation is required, underscoring the need for further research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia B Medhin
- Centre for Precision Health, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup WA 6027, Australia; School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup WA 6027, Australia
| | - Aaron B Beasley
- Centre for Precision Health, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup WA 6027, Australia; School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup WA 6027, Australia
| | - Lydia Warburton
- Centre for Precision Health, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup WA 6027, Australia; School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup WA 6027, Australia; Department of Medical Oncology, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, Australia
| | - Benhur Amanuel
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup WA 6027, Australia; Department of Anatomical Pathology PathWest, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands WA 6009, Australia
| | - Elin S Gray
- Centre for Precision Health, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup WA 6027, Australia; School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup WA 6027, Australia.
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8
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Multifunctional Modified Tumor Cell Membranes-Coated Adjuvant PTX against Melanoma. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13010179. [PMID: 36671563 PMCID: PMC9855842 DOI: 10.3390/biom13010179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is the deadliest type of skin cancer. Anti-tumor immunotherapy has made great progress in increasing the overall survival of patients. However, many physiological barriers cause low bioavailability of drugs. Cell membranes are becoming increasingly prevalent for assisting drug delivery because of the significant benefits of avoiding host cell barriers. Herein, B16F10 cell membranes (BFMs) were prepared in this study. BFMs could not only act as antigens but also serve as vesicles for vaccines. To trigger potent immunity, BFMs must be taken up by dendritic cells (DCs) and combined with adjuvants to make BFMs overcome the immune tolerance. To avoid circulating BFMs into tumors and quickly internalized by DCs after subcutaneously injection, the antigen-cell penetrating fusion peptide WT(YGRKKRRQRSRRYVDFFVWL) was used to modify BFMs. Additionally, a low dosage of paclitaxel (PTX) can activate DCs via toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4). Therefore, we developed PTX-loaded micelles using Pluronic® F127. Then, WT-modified BFMs (WT-BFMs) were coated F127-PTX to yield WT-BFMs/ F127-PTX. Optimized WT-BFMs/F127-PTX promoted the cellular uptake and showed remarkable efficacy in eliciting robust antigen-specific cellular and humoral immune responses.
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9
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Karami Fath M, Azami J, Jaafari N, Akbari Oryani M, Jafari N, Karim poor A, Azargoonjahromi A, Nabi-Afjadi M, Payandeh Z, Zalpoor H, Shanehbandi D. Exosome application in treatment and diagnosis of B-cell disorders: leukemias, multiple sclerosis, and arthritis rheumatoid. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2022; 27:74. [PMID: 36064322 PMCID: PMC9446857 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-022-00377-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes, known as a type of extracellular vesicles (EVs), are lipid particles comprising heterogeneous contents such as nucleic acids, proteins, and DNA. These bi-layered particles are naturally released into the extracellular periphery by a variety of cells such as neoplastic cells. Given that exosomes have unique properties, they can be used as vectors and carriers of biological and medicinal particles like drugs for delivering to the desired areas. The proteins and RNAs being encompassed by the circulating exosomes in B-cell malignancies are deemed as the promising sources for diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, as well as therapeutic agents. Exosomes can also provide a "snapshot" view of the tumor and metastatic landscape at any particular time. Further, clinical research has shown that exosomes are produced by immune cells such as dendritic cells can stimulate the immune system, so these exosomes can be used in antitumor vaccines. Despite the great potential of exosomes in the fields of diagnostic and treatment, further studies are in need for these purposes to reach a convergence notion. This review highlights the applications of exosomes in multiple immune-related diseases, including chronic lymphocytic leukemia, multiple sclerosis, and arthritis rheumatoid, as well as explaining sundry aspects of exosome therapy and the function of exosomes in diagnosing diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Karami Fath
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jalil Azami
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Niloofar Jaafari
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Akbari Oryani
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Nafiseh Jafari
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Science, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Mohsen Nabi-Afjadi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Payandeh
- Department Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division Medical Inflammation Research, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Immunology Research center, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Zalpoor
- Shiraz Neuroscience Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy & Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education & Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Dariush Shanehbandi
- Department Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division Medical Inflammation Research, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Immunology Research center, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
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10
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Gerloff D, Kewitz-Hempel S, Hause G, Ehrenreich J, Golle L, Kingreen T, Sunderkötter C. Comprehensive Analyses of miRNAs Revealed miR-92b-3p, miR-182-5p and miR-183-5p as Potential Novel Biomarkers in Melanoma-Derived Extracellular Vesicles. Front Oncol 2022; 12:935816. [PMID: 35898875 PMCID: PMC9309285 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.935816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are important mediators in the intercellular communication, influencing the function and phenotype of different cell types within the tumor micro-milieu and thus promote tumor progression. Since EVs safely transport packages of proteins, lipids and also nucleic acids such as miRNAs, EVs and their cargo can serve as diagnostic and prognostic markers. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate EV embedded miRNAs specific for melanoma, which could serve as potential biomarkers. In contrast to previous studies, we not only analysed miRNAs from EVs, but also included the miRNA profiles from the EV-secreting cells to identify candidates as suitable biomarkers. While the characterization of EVs derived from normal melanocytes and melanoma cells showed largely comparable properties with regard to size distribution and expression of protein markers, the NGS analyses yielded marked differences for several miRNAs. While miRNA load of EVs derived from normal human epidermal melanocytes (NHEMs) and melanoma cells were very similar, they were highly different from their secreting cells. By comprehensive analyses, six miRNAs were identified to be enriched in both melanoma cells and melanoma cell-derived EVs. Of those, the accumulation of miR-92b-3p, miR-182-5p and miR-183-5p in EVs could be validated in vitro. By functional network generation and pathway enrichment analysis we revealed an association with different tumor entities and signaling pathways contributing melanoma progression. Furthermore, we found that miR-92b-3p, miR-182-5p and miR-183-5p were also enriched in EVs derived from serum of melanoma patients. Our results support the hypothesis that miRNAs derived from EVs can serve as prognostic or diagnostic liquid biopsy markers in melanoma. We identified EV-derived miRNAs and showed that those miRNAs, which were enriched in melanoma cells and EVs, are also found elevated in serum-derived EVs of patients with metastatic melanoma, but not in healthy subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Gerloff
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Hospital Halle (Saale), Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
- *Correspondence: Dennis Gerloff,
| | - Stefanie Kewitz-Hempel
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Hospital Halle (Saale), Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Gerd Hause
- Biocenter, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Jovine Ehrenreich
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Hospital Halle (Saale), Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Linda Golle
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Hospital Halle (Saale), Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Tim Kingreen
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Hospital Halle (Saale), Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Cord Sunderkötter
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Hospital Halle (Saale), Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
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11
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Tan Y, Tang F, Li J, Yu H, Wu M, Wu Y, Zeng H, Hou K, Zhang Q. Tumor-derived exosomes: the emerging orchestrators in melanoma. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 149:112832. [PMID: 35325853 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma is an aggressive cancer type derived from melanocytes and its incidence has rapidly increased worldwide. Despite the vast improvement in therapy, melanoma is still confronted with high invasion, metastasis, and recurrence rate. Recent studies have confirmed that the exosomes are naturally occurring membranous extracellular vesicles with nano-sized lipid bilayers, performing as information messagers within cellular reciprocal action. Exosomes are unquestionably endowed with multifaceted roles in various diseases, including melanoma. Notably, tumor-derived exosomes play a pivotal role in conditioning the tumor microenvironment to promote the growth, metastasis, immune escape, and even drug-resistance of melanoma by transferring carcinogenic nucleic acids and proteins. Clinically, the dynamic expressions of exosomal components and loadings in melanoma patients with different tumor stages confer the clinical application of melanoma exosomes as diagnostic biomarkers. Hence, this review highlights the recent complicated roles and mechanisms of melanoma exosomes, as well as their potential as diagnostic and therapeutic targets in melanoma. The in-depth insights into the properties and behaviors of melanoma exosomes are of great potential to yield attractive therapeutic methods for melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufang Tan
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Fang Tang
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Jieming Li
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Honghao Yu
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Min Wu
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yiping Wu
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Hong Zeng
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Department of Nursing, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Kai Hou
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
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12
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Shiri F, Feng H, Petersen KE, Sant H, Bardi GT, Schroeder LA, Merchant ML, Gale BK, Hood JL. Separation of U87 glioblastoma cell-derived small and medium extracellular vesicles using elasto-inertial flow focusing (a spiral channel). Sci Rep 2022; 12:6146. [PMID: 35414673 PMCID: PMC9005724 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10129-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoscale and microscale cell-derived extracellular vesicle types and subtypes are of significant interest to researchers in biology and medicine. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have diagnostic and therapeutic potential in terms of biomarker and nanomedicine applications. To enable such applications, EVs must be isolated from biological fluids or separated from other EV types. Developing methods to fractionate EVs is of great importance to EV researchers. Our goal was to begin to develop a device that would separate medium EVs (mEVs, traditionally termed microvesicles or shedding vesicles) and small EVs (sEVs, traditionally termed exosomes) by elasto-inertial effect. We sought to develop a miniaturized technology that works similar to and provides the benefits of differential ultracentrifugation but is more suitable for EV-based microfluidic applications. The aim of this study was to determine whether we could use elasto-inertial focusing to re-isolate and recover U87 mEVs and sEVs from a mixture of mEVs and sEVs isolated initially by one round of differential ultracentrifugation. The studied spiral channel device can continuously process 5 ml of sample fluid per hour. Using the channel, sEVs and mEVs were recovered and re-isolated from a mixture of U87 glioma cell-derived mEVs and sEVs pre-isolated by one round of differential ultracentrifugation. Following two passes through the spiral channel, approximately 55% of sEVs were recovered with 6% contamination by mEVs (the recovered sEVs contained 6% of the total mEVs). In contrast, recovery of U87 mEVs and sEVs re-isolated using a typical second centrifugation wash step was only 8% and 53%, respectively. The spiral channel also performed similar to differential ultracentrifugation in reisolating sEVs while significantly improving mEV reisolation from a mixture of U87 sEVs and mEVs. Ultimately this technology can also be coupled to other microfluidic EV isolation methods in series and/or parallel to improve isolation and minimize loss of EV subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhad Shiri
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA.
| | - Haidong Feng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Kevin E Petersen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Himanshu Sant
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Gina T Bardi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Luke A Schroeder
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Michael L Merchant
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Bruce K Gale
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA.
| | - Joshua L Hood
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA. .,Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA. .,Hepatobiology and Toxicology COBRE, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
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13
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Li X, Liu Y, Yang L, Jiang Y, Qian Q. TIM-3 shuttled by MV3 cells-secreted exosomes inhibits CD4+ T cell immune function and induces macrophage M2 polarization to promote the growth and metastasis of melanoma cells. Transl Oncol 2022; 18:101334. [PMID: 35093790 PMCID: PMC8808081 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2021.101334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
MV3-Exo inhibits CD4+ t cell immune function and induces M2-polarized macrophages. TIM-3 is upregulated in MV3 cells-secreted exosomes. TIM-3 inhibits CD4+ t cell immune function and induces M2-polarized macrophages. TIM-3 shuttled by MV3-Exo promotes growth and metastasis of melanoma. The study unveiled a protective target against metastasis of melanoma.
This study is sought to determine the physiological mechanisms by which exosomes-encapsulated TIM-3 derived from melanoma cells might mediate CD4+ T cell immune function and macrophage M2 polarization in melanoma. Initially, exosomes were isolated from the human skin-derived melanoma cell line MV3for analysis of TIM-3 expression pattern. Next, the exosomes sourced from MV3 cells manipulated with sh-TIM-3 were co-incubated with CD4+ T cells to detect CD4+ T cell proliferation and MV3 cell migration and invasion, to observe the macrophage M2 polarization, and to determine levels of several EMT-related factors. Finally, melanoma nude mouse models were established to study the in vivo modulatory effects of TIM-3 from MV3 cells-derived exosomes. MV3 cells-derived exosomes inhibited CD4+ T cell immune function and promoted macrophage M2 polarization in melanoma. Our results revealed the abundance of TIM-3 in MV3 cells-derived exosomes. Of importance, silencing of TIM-3 shuttled by MV3 cells-derived exosomes improved CD4+ T cell immune function and inhibited macrophage M2 polarization to attenuate the growth and metastasis of melanoma cells. Collectively, MV3 cells-derived exosomes-loaded TIM-3 suppressed CD4+ T cell immune function and induced macrophage M2 polarization to improve occurrence and development of melanoma, therefore providing us with a potential therapeutic target for effectively combating melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinghui Li
- Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, P R China; Department of Dermatology, Yancheng First Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School/The First People's Hospital of Yancheng, Yancheng 224001, P R China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Yancheng First Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School/The First People's Hospital of Yancheng, Yancheng 224001, P R China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an 710068, P R China
| | - Yannan Jiang
- Department of Dermatology, Yancheng First Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School/The First People's Hospital of Yancheng, Yancheng 224001, P R China
| | - Qihong Qian
- Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, P R China.
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14
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Amalinei C, Grigoraș A, Lozneanu L, Căruntu ID, Giușcă SE, Balan RA. The Interplay between Tumour Microenvironment Components in Malignant Melanoma. Medicina (B Aires) 2022; 58:medicina58030365. [PMID: 35334544 PMCID: PMC8953474 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58030365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanoma has shown an increasing incidence during the last two decades, exhibiting a large spectrum of locations and clinicopathological characteristics. Although current histopathological, biochemical, immunohistochemical, and molecular methods provide a deep insight into its biological behaviour and outcome, melanoma is still an unpredictable disease, with poor outcome. This review of the literature is aimed at updating the knowledge regarding melanoma’s clinicopathological and molecular hallmarks, including its heterogeneity and plasticity, involving cancer stem cells population. A special focus is given on the interplay between different cellular components and their secretion products in melanoma, considering its contribution to tumour progression, invasion, metastasis, recurrences, and resistance to classical therapy. Furthermore, the influences of the specific tumour microenvironment or “inflammasome”, its association with adipose tissue products, including the release of “extracellular vesicles”, and distinct microbiota are currently studied, considering their influences on diagnosis and prognosis. An insight into melanoma’s particular features may reveal new molecular pathways which may be exploited in order to develop innovative therapeutic approaches or tailored therapy.
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15
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Cheng YC, Chang YA, Chen YJ, Sung HM, Bogeski I, Su HL, Hsu YL, Wang HMD. The Roles of Extracellular Vesicles in Malignant Melanoma. Cells 2021; 10:2740. [PMID: 34685720 PMCID: PMC8535053 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Different types of cells, such as endothelial cells, tumor-associated fibroblasts, pericytes, and immune cells, release extracellular vesicles (EVs) in the tumor microenvironment. The components of EVs include proteins, DNA, RNA, and microRNA. One of the most important functions of EVs is the transfer of aforementioned bioactive molecules, which in cancer cells may affect tumor growth, progression, angiogenesis, and metastatic spread. Furthermore, EVs affect the presentation of antigens to immune cells via the transfer of nucleic acids, peptides, and proteins to recipient cells. Recent studies have also explored the potential application of EVs in cancer treatment. This review summarizes the mechanisms by which EVs regulate melanoma development, progression, and their potentials to be applied in therapy. We initially describe vesicle components; discuss their effects on proliferation, anti-melanoma immunity, and drug resistance; and finally focus on the effects of EV-derived microRNAs on melanoma pathobiology. This work aims to facilitate our understanding of the influence of EVs on melanoma biology and initiate ideas for the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Chen Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (Y.-C.C.); (Y.-A.C.)
| | - Yu-An Chang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (Y.-C.C.); (Y.-A.C.)
| | - Yi-Jen Chen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (Y.-J.C.); (Y.-L.H.)
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Hsu-Min Sung
- Molecular Physiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology, University Medical Center, Georg August University, 37073 Göttingen, Germany; (H.-M.S.); (I.B.)
| | - Ivan Bogeski
- Molecular Physiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology, University Medical Center, Georg August University, 37073 Göttingen, Germany; (H.-M.S.); (I.B.)
| | - Hong-Lin Su
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan;
| | - Ya-Ling Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (Y.-J.C.); (Y.-L.H.)
- Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Min David Wang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (Y.-C.C.); (Y.-A.C.)
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung City 404, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
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16
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Kamińska P, Buszka K, Zabel M, Nowicki M, Alix-Panabières C, Budna-Tukan J. Liquid Biopsy in Melanoma: Significance in Diagnostics, Prediction and Treatment Monitoring. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9714. [PMID: 34575876 PMCID: PMC8468624 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Liquid biopsy is a common term referring to circulating tumor cells and other biomarkers, such as circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) or extracellular vesicles. Liquid biopsy presents a range of clinical advantages, such as the low invasiveness of the blood sample collection and continuous control of the tumor progression. In addition, this approach enables the mechanisms of drug resistance to be determined in various methods of cancer treatment, including immunotherapy. However, in the case of melanoma, the application of liquid biopsy in patient stratification and therapy needs further investigation. This review attempts to collect all of the relevant and recent information about circulating melanoma cells (CMCs) related to the context of malignant melanoma and immunotherapy. Furthermore, the biology of liquid biopsy analytes, including CMCs, ctDNA, mRNA and exosomes, as well as techniques for their detection and isolation, are also described. The available data support the notion that thoughtful selection of biomarkers and technologies for their detection can contribute to the development of precision medicine by increasing the efficacy of cancer diagnostics and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Kamińska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznan, Poland; (P.K.); (K.B.); (M.N.)
| | - Karolina Buszka
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznan, Poland; (P.K.); (K.B.); (M.N.)
| | - Maciej Zabel
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Collegium Medicum, University of Zielona Góra, 65-046 Zielona Góra, Poland;
| | - Michał Nowicki
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznan, Poland; (P.K.); (K.B.); (M.N.)
| | - Catherine Alix-Panabières
- Laboratory of Rare Human Circulating Cells (LCCRH), University Medical Centre of Montpellier, 34093 Montpellier, France;
- CREEC/CANECEV, MIVEGEC (CREES), University of Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Joanna Budna-Tukan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznan, Poland; (P.K.); (K.B.); (M.N.)
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17
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Vandyck HHLD, Hillen LM, Bosisio FM, van den Oord J, zur Hausen A, Winnepenninckx V. Rethinking the biology of metastatic melanoma: a holistic approach. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2021; 40:603-624. [PMID: 33870460 PMCID: PMC8213587 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-021-09960-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decades, melanoma-related mortality has remained nearly stable. The main reason is treatment failure of metastatic disease and the inherently linked knowledge gap regarding metastasis formation. In order to elicit invasion, melanoma cells manipulate the tumor microenvironment, gain motility, and adhere to the extracellular matrix and cancer-associated fibroblasts. Melanoma cells thereby express different cell adhesion molecules like laminins, integrins, N-cadherin, and others. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is physiological during embryologic development, but reactivated during malignancy. Despite not being truly epithelial, neural crest-derived malignancies like melanoma share similar biological programs that enable tumorigenesis, invasion, and metastasis. This complex phenomenon is termed phenotype switching and is intertwined with oncometabolism as well as dormancy escape. Additionally, it has been shown that primary melanoma shed exosomes that create a favorable premetastatic niche in the microenvironment of secondary organs and lymph nodes. Although the growing body of literature describes the aforementioned concepts separately, an integrative holistic approach is missing. Using melanoma as a tumor model, this review will shed light on these complex biological principles in an attempt to clarify the mechanistic metastatic pathways that dictate tumor and patient fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik HLD Vandyck
- Department of Pathology, GROW-School for Oncology & Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, MUMC+, PO Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Lisa M Hillen
- Department of Pathology, GROW-School for Oncology & Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, MUMC+, PO Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Francesca M Bosisio
- Laboratory of Translational Cell and Tissue Research (TCTR), Department of Pathology, KU Leuven and UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Joost van den Oord
- Laboratory of Translational Cell and Tissue Research (TCTR), Department of Pathology, KU Leuven and UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Axel zur Hausen
- Department of Pathology, GROW-School for Oncology & Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, MUMC+, PO Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Véronique Winnepenninckx
- Department of Pathology, GROW-School for Oncology & Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, MUMC+, PO Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands
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18
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Liu Y, Xia Y, Smollar J, Mao W, Wan Y. The roles of small extracellular vesicles in lung cancer: Molecular pathology, mechanisms, diagnostics, and therapeutics. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1876:188539. [PMID: 33892051 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are submicron-sized, lipid-bilayer-enclosed particles that are released from cells. A variety of tissue-specific molecules, including proteins, DNA fragments, RNA, lipids, and metabolites, can be selectively encapsulated into sEVs and delivered to nearby and distant recipient cells. Incontestable and growing evidence shows the important biological roles and the clinical relevance of sEVs in tumors. In particular, recent studies validate sEVs can be used for early tumor diagnostics, staging, and treatment monitoring. Moreover, sEVs have been used as drug delivery nanocarriers, cancer vaccines, and antigen conferrers. While still in its infancy, the field of sEV-based fundamental and translational studies has been rapidly advancing. This review comprehensively examines the latest sEV-related studies in lung cancers, encompassing extracellular vesicles and their roles in lung cancer pathophysiology, diagnostics, and therapeutics. The state-of-the-art technologies for sEV isolation, downstream molecular analyses, and sEV-based therapies indicate their potency as tools for understanding the pathology and promising clinical management of lung cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, China
| | - Yiqiu Xia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
| | - Jillian Smollar
- The Pq Laboratory of Micro/Nano BiomeDx, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Binghamton University-SUNY, Binghamton, NY 13902, United States
| | - Wenjun Mao
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, China.
| | - Yuan Wan
- The Pq Laboratory of Micro/Nano BiomeDx, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Binghamton University-SUNY, Binghamton, NY 13902, United States.
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19
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Shiri F, Gale BK, Sant H, King B, Bardi GT, Hood JL, Petersen KE. Development and Testing of a Continuous Flow-Electrical-Split-Flow Lateral Transport Thin Separation System (Fl-El-SPLITT). Anal Chem 2021; 93:2888-2897. [PMID: 33476126 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c04345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In this work, a new high-volume, continuous particle separation device that separates based upon size and charge is described. Two continuous flow-electrical-split-flow lateral transport thin (Fl-El-SPLITT) device architectures (a platinum electrode on a porous membrane and a porous graphite electrode under a membrane) were developed and shown to improve particle separations over a purely electrical-SPLITT device. The graphite FL-El-SPLITT device architecture achieved the best separation of approximately 60% of small (28 nm) vs large (1000 nm) polystyrene particles. Fl-El-SPLITT (platinum) achieved a 75% separation on a single pass using these same particles. Fl-El-SPLITT (platinum) achieved a moderate 26% continuous separation of U87 glioma cell-derived small extracellular vesicles (EVs) from medium EVs. Control parameter testing showed that El-SPLITT continuously directed particle motility within a channel to exit a selected port based upon the applied voltage using either direct current or alternating current. The transition from one port to the other was dependent upon the voltage applied. Both large and small polystyrene particles transitioned together rather than separating at each of the applied voltages. These data present the first ever validation of El-SPLITT in continuous versus batch format. The Fl-El-SPLITT device architecture, monitoring, and electrical and fluid interfacing systems are described in detail for the first time. Capabilities afforded to the system by the flow addition include enhanced particle separation as well as the ability to filter out small particles or desalinate fluids. High-throughput continuous separations based upon electrophoretic mobility will be streamlined by this new technique that combines electrical and flow fields into a single device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhad Shiri
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Utah, 1495 E 100 S, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Bruce K Gale
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Utah, 1495 E 100 S, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Himanshu Sant
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Utah, 1495 E 100 S, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Brody King
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, 36 S. Wasatch Drive, Rm. 3100, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Gina T Bardi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology & James Graham Brown Cancer Center & Hepatobiology and Toxicology COBRE, Kosair Charities Clinical & Translational Research Building, University of Louisville, Room 308, 505 South Hancock Street, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, United States
| | - Joshua L Hood
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology & James Graham Brown Cancer Center & Hepatobiology and Toxicology COBRE, Kosair Charities Clinical & Translational Research Building, University of Louisville, Room 308, 505 South Hancock Street, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, United States
| | - Kevin E Petersen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Utah, 1495 E 100 S, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
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20
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Pietrowska M, Zebrowska A, Gawin M, Marczak L, Sharma P, Mondal S, Mika J, Polańska J, Ferrone S, Kirkwood JM, Widlak P, Whiteside TL. Proteomic profile of melanoma cell-derived small extracellular vesicles in patients' plasma: a potential correlate of melanoma progression. J Extracell Vesicles 2021; 10:e12063. [PMID: 33613873 PMCID: PMC7876545 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular profiling of small extracellular vesicles (sEV) isolated from plasma of cancer patients emerges as promising strategy for biomarkers discovery. We investigated the proteomic profiles of sEV immunoselected using anti-CSPG4 antibodies from 15 melanoma patients' plasma. The proteomes of sEV separated into melanoma cell-derived (MTEX) and non-malignant cell-derived (NMTEX) were compared using high-resolution mass spectrometry. Paired analysis identified the MTEX-associated profile of 16 proteins that discriminated MTEX from NMETEX. We also identified the MTEX profile that discriminated between seven patients with no evidence of melanoma (NED) after therapy and eight with progressive disease (PD). Among 75 MTEX proteins overexpressed in PD patients, PDCD6IP (ALIX) had the highest discriminating value, while CNTN1 (contactin-1) was upregulated only in MTEX of NED patients. This is the first report documenting that proteomes of tumour-derived sEV in patients' plasma discriminate cancer from non-cancer and identify proteins with potential to serve as prognostic biomarkers in melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Pietrowska
- Maria Sklodowska‐Curie National Research Institute of OncologyGliwicePoland
| | - Aneta Zebrowska
- Maria Sklodowska‐Curie National Research Institute of OncologyGliwicePoland
| | - Marta Gawin
- Maria Sklodowska‐Curie National Research Institute of OncologyGliwicePoland
| | - Lukasz Marczak
- European Center for Bioinformatics and GenomicsInstitute of Bioorganic Chemistry PASPoznanPoland
| | - Priyanka Sharma
- UPMC Hillman Cancer CenterUniversity of Pittsburgh Cancer InstitutePittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Sujan Mondal
- UPMC Hillman Cancer CenterUniversity of Pittsburgh Cancer InstitutePittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Justyna Mika
- Department of Data Science and Engineering, Silesian University of TechnologyGliwicePoland
| | - Joanna Polańska
- Department of Data Science and Engineering, Silesian University of TechnologyGliwicePoland
| | - Soldano Ferrone
- Department of SurgeryHarvard Medical School, Massachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - John M. Kirkwood
- UPMC Hillman Cancer CenterUniversity of Pittsburgh Cancer InstitutePittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA,Department of MedicineUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Piotr Widlak
- Maria Sklodowska‐Curie National Research Institute of OncologyGliwicePoland
| | - Theresa L. Whiteside
- UPMC Hillman Cancer CenterUniversity of Pittsburgh Cancer InstitutePittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA,Department of PathologyUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
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21
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Circulating Melanoma-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: Impact on Melanoma Diagnosis, Progression Monitoring, and Treatment Response. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:ph13120475. [PMID: 33353043 PMCID: PMC7766072 DOI: 10.3390/ph13120475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanoma, one of the most aggressive human malignancies, is responsible for 80% of skin cancer deaths. Whilst early detection of disease progression or metastasis can improve patient survival, this remains a challenge due to the lack of reliable biomarkers. Importantly, these clinical challenges are not unique to humans, as melanoma affects many other species, including companion animals, such as the dog and horse. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are tiny nanoparticles involved in cell-to-cell communication. Several protein and genomic EV markers have been described in the literature, as well as a wide variety of methods for isolating EVs from body fluids. As such, they may be valuable biomarkers in cancer and may address some clinical challenges in the management melanoma. This review aimed to explore the translational applications of EVs as biomarkers in melanoma, as well as their role in the clinical setting in humans and animals. A summary of melanoma-specific protein and genomic EV markers is presented, followed by a discussion of the role EVs in monitoring disease progression and treatment response. Finally, herein, we reviewed the advantages and disadvantages of methods utilised to isolate EVs from bodily fluids in melanoma patients (human and animals) and describe some of the challenges that will need to be addressed before EVs can be introduced in the clinical setting.
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22
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Khan AQ, Akhtar S, Prabhu KS, Zarif L, Khan R, Alam M, Buddenkotte J, Ahmad A, Steinhoff M, Uddin S. Exosomes: Emerging Diagnostic and Therapeutic Targets in Cutaneous Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21239264. [PMID: 33291683 PMCID: PMC7730213 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin is the largest human organ and is continuously exposed to various exogenous and endogenous trigger factors affecting body homeostasis. A number of mechanisms, including genetic, inflammatory and autoimmune ones, have been implicated in the pathogenesis of cutaneous diseases. Recently, there has been considerable interest in the role that extracellular vesicles, particularly exosomes, play in human diseases, through their modulation of multiple signaling pathways. Exosomes are nano-sized vesicles secreted by all cell types. They function as cargo carriers shuttling proteins, nucleic acids, lipids etc., thus impacting the cell-cell communications and transfer of vital information/moieties critical for skin homeostasis and disease pathogenesis. This review summarizes the available knowledge on how exosomes affect pathogenesis of cutaneous diseases, and highlights their potential as future targets for the therapy of various skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Q. Khan
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar; (A.Q.K.); (K.S.P.); (M.A.); (J.B.)
| | - Sabah Akhtar
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar; (S.A.); (L.Z.)
| | - Kirti S. Prabhu
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar; (A.Q.K.); (K.S.P.); (M.A.); (J.B.)
| | - Lubna Zarif
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar; (S.A.); (L.Z.)
| | - Rehan Khan
- Department of Nano-Therapeutics, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Habitat Centre, Phase 10, Sector 64, Mohali, Punjab 160062, India;
| | - Majid Alam
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar; (A.Q.K.); (K.S.P.); (M.A.); (J.B.)
- Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Rumailah Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar
| | - Joerg Buddenkotte
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar; (A.Q.K.); (K.S.P.); (M.A.); (J.B.)
- Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Rumailah Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar
| | - Aamir Ahmad
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
- Correspondence: (A.A.); (M.S.); (S.U.); Tel.: +974-40253220 (S.U.)
| | - Martin Steinhoff
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar; (A.Q.K.); (K.S.P.); (M.A.); (J.B.)
- Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Rumailah Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine Qatar, Qatar Foundation-Education City, Doha 24144, Qatar
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
- College of Medicine, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
- Correspondence: (A.A.); (M.S.); (S.U.); Tel.: +974-40253220 (S.U.)
| | - Shahab Uddin
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar; (A.Q.K.); (K.S.P.); (M.A.); (J.B.)
- Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Rumailah Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar
- Correspondence: (A.A.); (M.S.); (S.U.); Tel.: +974-40253220 (S.U.)
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uPAR-expressing melanoma exosomes promote angiogenesis by VE-Cadherin, EGFR and uPAR overexpression and rise of ERK1,2 signaling in endothelial cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 78:3057-3072. [PMID: 33237352 PMCID: PMC8004497 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03707-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes (Exos) have been reported to promote pre-metastatic niche formation, proliferation, angiogenesis and metastasis. We have investigated the role of uPAR in melanoma cell lines-derived Exos and their pro-angiogenic effects on human microvascular endothelial cells (HMVECs) and endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFCs). Melanoma Exos were isolated from conditioned media of A375 and M6 cells by differential centrifugation and filtration. Tunable Resistive Pulse Sensing (TRPS) and Nanoparticle tracking analysis were performed to analyze dimension and concentration of Exos. The CRISPR–Cas 9 technology was exploited to obtain a robust uPAR knockout. uPAR is expressed in melanoma Exos that are internalized by HMVECs and ECFCs, enhancing VE-Cadherin, EGFR and uPAR expression in endothelial cells that undergo a complete angiogenic program, including proliferation, migration and tube formation. uPAR loss reduced the pro-angiogenic effects of melanoma Exos in vitro and in vivo by inhibition of VE-Cadherin, EGFR and uPAR expression and of ERK1,2 signaling in endothelial cells. A similar effect was obtained with a peptide that inhibits uPAR–EGFR interaction and with the EGFR inhibitor Gefitinib, which also inhibited melanoma Exos-dependent EGFR phosphorylation. This study suggests that uPAR is required for the pro-angiogenic activity of melanoma Exos. We propose the identification of uPAR-expressing Exos as a potentially useful biomarker for assessing pro-angiogenic propensity and eventually monitoring the response to treatment in metastatic melanoma patients.
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Saleh NA, Rode MP, Sierra JA, Silva AH, Miyake JA, Filippin-Monteiro FB, Creczynski-Pasa TB. Three-dimensional multicellular cell culture for anti-melanoma drug screening: focus on tumor microenvironment. Cytotechnology 2020; 73:35-48. [PMID: 33505112 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-020-00440-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract The development of new treatments for malignant melanoma, which has the worst prognosis among skin neoplasms, remains a challenge. The tumor microenvironment aids tumor cells to grow and resist to chemotherapeutic treatment. One way to mimic and study the tumor microenvironment is by using three-dimensional (3D) co-culture models (spheroids). In this study, a melanoma heterospheroid model composed of cancer cells, fibroblasts, and macrophages was produced by liquid-overlay technique using the agarose gel. The size, growth, viability, morphology, cancer stem-like cells population and inflammatory profile of tumor heterospheroids and monospheroids were analyzed to evaluate the influence of stromal cells on these parameters. Furthermore, dacarbazine cytotoxicity was evaluated using spheroids and two-dimensional (2D) melanoma model. After finishing the experiments, it was observed the M2 macrophages induced an anti-inflammatory microenvironment in heterospheroids; fibroblasts cells support the formation of the extracellular matrix, and a higher percentage of melanoma CD271 was observed in this model. Additionally, melanoma spheroids responded differently to the dacarbazine than the 2D melanoma culture as a result of their cellular heterogeneity and 3D structure. The 3D model was shown to be a fast and reliable tool for drug screening, which can mimic the in vivo tumor microenvironment regarding interactions and complexity. Graphic abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Najla Adel Saleh
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, GEIMM-Grupo de Estudos de Interações entre Micro e Macromoléculas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, S/N Centro de Ciências da Saúde Bloco H - 3° andar, sala H302-Bairro Trindade, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina CEP: 88040-900 Brazil
| | - Michele Patrícia Rode
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, GEIMM-Grupo de Estudos de Interações entre Micro e Macromoléculas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, S/N Centro de Ciências da Saúde Bloco H - 3° andar, sala H302-Bairro Trindade, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina CEP: 88040-900 Brazil
| | | | - Adny Henrique Silva
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC Brazil
| | - Juliano Andreoli Miyake
- Departamento de Ciências Morfológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC Brazil
| | - Fabíola Branco Filippin-Monteiro
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, GEIMM-Grupo de Estudos de Interações entre Micro e Macromoléculas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, S/N Centro de Ciências da Saúde Bloco H - 3° andar, sala H302-Bairro Trindade, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina CEP: 88040-900 Brazil
| | - Tânia Beatriz Creczynski-Pasa
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, GEIMM-Grupo de Estudos de Interações entre Micro e Macromoléculas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, S/N Centro de Ciências da Saúde Bloco H - 3° andar, sala H302-Bairro Trindade, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina CEP: 88040-900 Brazil
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MicroRNA-21-Enriched Exosomes as Epigenetic Regulators in Melanomagenesis and Melanoma Progression: The Impact of Western Lifestyle Factors. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12082111. [PMID: 32751207 PMCID: PMC7464294 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA mutation-induced activation of RAS-BRAF-MEK-ERK signaling associated with intermittent or chronic ultraviolet (UV) irradiation cannot exclusively explain the excessive increase of malignant melanoma (MM) incidence since the 1950s. Malignant conversion of a melanocyte to an MM cell and metastatic MM is associated with a steady increase in microRNA-21 (miR-21). At the epigenetic level, miR-21 inhibits key tumor suppressors of the RAS-BRAF signaling pathway enhancing proliferation and MM progression. Increased MM cell levels of miR-21 either result from endogenous upregulation of melanocytic miR-21 expression or by uptake of miR-21-enriched exogenous exosomes. Based on epidemiological data and translational evidence, this review provides deeper insights into environmentally and metabolically induced exosomal miR-21 trafficking beyond UV-irradiation in melanomagenesis and MM progression. Sources of miR-21-enriched exosomes include UV-irradiated keratinocytes, adipocyte-derived exosomes in obesity, airway epithelium-derived exosomes generated by smoking and pollution, diet-related exosomes and inflammation-induced exosomes, which may synergistically increase the exosomal miR-21 burden of the melanocyte, the transformed MM cell and its tumor environment. Several therapeutic agents that suppress MM cell growth and proliferation attenuate miR-21 expression. These include miR-21 antagonists, metformin, kinase inhibitors, beta-blockers, vitamin D, and plant-derived bioactive compounds, which may represent new options for the prevention and treatment of MM.
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Shiri F, Gale BK, Sant H, Bardi GT, Hood JL, Petersen KE. Characterization of Human Glioblastoma versus Normal Plasma-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Preisolated by Differential Centrifugation Using Cyclical Electrical Field-Flow Fractionation. Anal Chem 2020; 92:9866-9876. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c01373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Farhad Shiri
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Bruce K. Gale
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Himanshu Sant
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Gina T. Bardi
- School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, United States
| | - Joshua L. Hood
- School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, United States
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, United States
| | - Kevin E. Petersen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
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Bailly C, Vergoten G. Proposed mechanisms for the extracellular release of PD-L1 by the anticancer saponin platycodin D. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 85:106675. [PMID: 32531711 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Platycodin D (PTD) is an oleanane-type terpenoid saponin, isolated from the plant Platycodon grandiflorus. PTD displays multiple pharmacological effects, notably significant anticancer activities in vitro and in vivo. Recently, PTD was shown to trigger the extracellular release of the immunologic checkpoint glycoprotein PD-L1. The reduction of PD-L1 expression at the surface of cancer cells leads to interleukin-2 secretion and T cells activation. In the present review, we have analyzed the potential origin of this atypical PTD-induced PD-L1 release to propose a mechanistic explanation. For that, we considered all published scientific information, as well as the physicochemical characteristics of the natural product (a modeling analysis of PTD and the related saponin β -escin is provided). On this basis, we raise the hypothesis that the capacity of PTD to induce PD-L1 extracellular release derives from two main mechanisms: (i) a drug-promoted shedding of membrane PD-L1 by metalloproteases or more likely, (ii) a cholesterol binding-related effect, that would lead to perturbation of membrane raft domains, limiting the recruitment of proteins like TLR4. The drug-induced membrane effects (frequently observed with saponin drugs), associated with a production of interferon-γ,can favor the release of proteins like PD-L1 into membrane vesicles. Our analysis supports the hypothesis that PTD is a cholesterol-dependent lipid raft-modulating agent able to promote the formation of PD-L1 containing extracellular vesicles. The anticancer potential of PTD and its capacity to modulate the functioning of the PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint should be further considered.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gérard Vergoten
- University of Lille, Inserm, U995 - LIRIC - Lille Inflammation Research International Center, ICPAL, 3 rue du Professeur Laguesse, BP-83, F-59006 Lille, France
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28
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Boyer M, Cayrefourcq L, Dereure O, Meunier L, Becquart O, Alix-Panabières C. Clinical Relevance of Liquid Biopsy in Melanoma and Merkel Cell Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12040960. [PMID: 32295074 PMCID: PMC7226137 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12040960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma and Merkel cell carcinoma are two aggressive skin malignancies with high disease-related mortality and increasing incidence rates. Currently, invasive tumor tissue biopsy is the gold standard for their diagnosis, and no reliable easily accessible biomarker is available to monitor patients with melanoma or Merkel cell carcinoma during the disease course. In these last years, liquid biopsy has emerged as a candidate approach to overcome this limit and to identify biomarkers for early cancer diagnosis, prognosis, therapeutic response prediction, and patient follow-up. Liquid biopsy is a blood-based non-invasive procedure that allows the sequential analysis of circulating tumor cells, circulating cell-free and tumor DNA, and extracellular vesicles. These innovative biosources show similar features as the primary tumor from where they originated and represent an alternative to invasive solid tumor biopsy. In this review, the biology and technical challenges linked to the detection and analysis of the different circulating candidate biomarkers for melanoma and Merkel cell carcinoma are discussed as well as their clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magali Boyer
- Laboratory of Rare Human Circulating Cells, University Medical Centre of Montpellier, 34093 Montpellier, France; (M.B.); (L.C.)
| | - Laure Cayrefourcq
- Laboratory of Rare Human Circulating Cells, University Medical Centre of Montpellier, 34093 Montpellier, France; (M.B.); (L.C.)
| | - Olivier Dereure
- Department of Dermatology and INSERM 1058 Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic Infections, University of Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France;
| | - Laurent Meunier
- Department of Dermatology, University of Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France; (L.M.); (O.B.)
| | - Ondine Becquart
- Department of Dermatology, University of Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France; (L.M.); (O.B.)
| | - Catherine Alix-Panabières
- Laboratory of Rare Human Circulating Cells, University Medical Centre of Montpellier, 34093 Montpellier, France; (M.B.); (L.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-4-1175-99-31; Fax: +33-4-1175-99-33
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29
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Walbrecq G, Lecha O, Gaigneaux A, Fougeras MR, Philippidou D, Margue C, Tetsi Nomigni M, Bernardin F, Dittmar G, Behrmann I, Kreis S. Hypoxia-Induced Adaptations of miRNomes and Proteomes in Melanoma Cells and Their Secreted Extracellular Vesicles. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12030692. [PMID: 32183388 PMCID: PMC7140034 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12030692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Reduced levels of intratumoural oxygen are associated with hypoxia-induced pro-oncogenic events such as invasion, metabolic reprogramming, epithelial–mesenchymal transition, metastasis and resistance to therapy, all favouring cancer progression. Small extracellular vesicles (EV) shuttle various cargos (proteins, miRNAs, DNA and others). Tumour-derived EVs can be taken up by neighbouring or distant cells in the tumour microenvironment, thus facilitating intercellular communication. The quantity of extracellular vesicle secretion and their composition can vary with changing microenvironmental conditions and disease states. Here, we investigated in melanoma cells the influence of hypoxia on the content and number of secreted EVs. Whole miRNome and proteome profiling revealed distinct expression patterns in normoxic or hypoxic growth conditions. Apart from the well-known miR-210, we identified miR-1290 as a novel hypoxia-associated microRNA, which was highly abundant in hypoxic EVs. On the other hand, miR-23a-5p and -23b-5p were consistently downregulated in hypoxic conditions, while the protein levels of the miR-23a/b-5p-predicted target IPO11 were concomitantly upregulated. Furthermore, hypoxic melanoma EVs exhibit a signature consisting of six proteins (AKR7A2, DDX39B, EIF3C, FARSA, PRMT5, VARS), which were significantly associated with a poor prognosis for melanoma patients, indicating that proteins and/or miRNAs secreted by cancer cells may be exploited as biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffroy Walbrecq
- Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, 6, avenue du Swing, L-4367 Belvaux, Luxembourg; (G.W.); (O.L.); (A.G.); (D.P.); (C.M.); (M.T.N.); (G.D.); (I.B.)
| | - Odile Lecha
- Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, 6, avenue du Swing, L-4367 Belvaux, Luxembourg; (G.W.); (O.L.); (A.G.); (D.P.); (C.M.); (M.T.N.); (G.D.); (I.B.)
| | - Anthoula Gaigneaux
- Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, 6, avenue du Swing, L-4367 Belvaux, Luxembourg; (G.W.); (O.L.); (A.G.); (D.P.); (C.M.); (M.T.N.); (G.D.); (I.B.)
| | - Miriam R. Fougeras
- Proteomics of Cellular Signaling, Quantitative Biology Unit, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1A-B, rue Thomas Edison, L-1445 Strassen, Luxembourg; (M.R.F.)
- Doctoral School in Science and Engineering (DSSE), Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, 2 avenue de l’Université, L-4365 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Demetra Philippidou
- Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, 6, avenue du Swing, L-4367 Belvaux, Luxembourg; (G.W.); (O.L.); (A.G.); (D.P.); (C.M.); (M.T.N.); (G.D.); (I.B.)
| | - Christiane Margue
- Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, 6, avenue du Swing, L-4367 Belvaux, Luxembourg; (G.W.); (O.L.); (A.G.); (D.P.); (C.M.); (M.T.N.); (G.D.); (I.B.)
| | - Milène Tetsi Nomigni
- Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, 6, avenue du Swing, L-4367 Belvaux, Luxembourg; (G.W.); (O.L.); (A.G.); (D.P.); (C.M.); (M.T.N.); (G.D.); (I.B.)
| | - François Bernardin
- Proteomics of Cellular Signaling, Quantitative Biology Unit, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1A-B, rue Thomas Edison, L-1445 Strassen, Luxembourg; (M.R.F.)
| | - Gunnar Dittmar
- Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, 6, avenue du Swing, L-4367 Belvaux, Luxembourg; (G.W.); (O.L.); (A.G.); (D.P.); (C.M.); (M.T.N.); (G.D.); (I.B.)
- Proteomics of Cellular Signaling, Quantitative Biology Unit, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1A-B, rue Thomas Edison, L-1445 Strassen, Luxembourg; (M.R.F.)
| | - Iris Behrmann
- Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, 6, avenue du Swing, L-4367 Belvaux, Luxembourg; (G.W.); (O.L.); (A.G.); (D.P.); (C.M.); (M.T.N.); (G.D.); (I.B.)
| | - Stephanie Kreis
- Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, 6, avenue du Swing, L-4367 Belvaux, Luxembourg; (G.W.); (O.L.); (A.G.); (D.P.); (C.M.); (M.T.N.); (G.D.); (I.B.)
- Correspondence:
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30
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Limonta P, Queirolo P. New insights in melanoma biology: Running fast towards precision medicine. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 59:161-164. [PMID: 31562958 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Limonta
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Paola Queirolo
- Medical Oncology of Melanoma, Sarcoma and Rare Tumors, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milano, Italy.
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