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Shool S, Rahmani S, Habibi MA, Piri SM, Lotfinia M, Jashnani D, Asaadi S. Acute spinal cord injury serum biomarkers in human and rat: a scoping systematic review. Spinal Cord Ser Cases 2024; 10:21. [PMID: 38615029 PMCID: PMC11016077 DOI: 10.1038/s41394-024-00636-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024] Open
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Scoping systematic review. OBJECTIVES To summarize the available experimental clinical and animal studies for the identification of all CSF and serum-derived biochemical markers in human and rat SCI models. SETTING Tehran, Iran. METHODS In this scoping article, we systematically reviewed the electronic databases of PubMed, Scopus, WOS, and CENTRAL to retrieve current literature assessing the levels of different biomarkers in human and rat SCI models. RESULTS A total of 19,589 articles were retrieved and 6897 duplicated titles were removed. The remaining 12,692 studies were screened by their title/abstract and 12,636 were removed. The remaining 56 were considered for full-text assessment, and 11 papers did not meet the criteria, and finally, 45 studies were included. 26 studies were human observational studies comprising 1630 patients, and 19 articles studied SCI models in rats, including 832 rats. Upon reviewing the literature, we encountered a remarkable heterogeneity in terms of selected biomarkers, timing, and method of measurement, studied models, extent, and mechanism of injury as well as outcome assessment measures. CONCLUSIONS The specific expression and distribution patterns of biomarkers in relation to spinal cord injury (SCI) phases, and their varied concentrations over time, suggest that cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood biomarkers are effective measures for assessing the severity of SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Shool
- Department of Neurosurgery, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Hassan-Abad Square, Imam Khomeini Ave, 11365-3876, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Rahmani
- Department of Neurosurgery, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Habibi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Hassan-Abad Square, Imam Khomeini Ave, 11365-3876, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Piri
- Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Hassan-Abad Square, Imam Khomeini Ave, 11365-3876, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Lotfinia
- Resident of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Klinikum Saarbrücken, University of Saarland, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Delara Jashnani
- Department of Neurosurgery, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sina Asaadi
- Department of Surgery, Division of Acute Care Surgery, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA.
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Paragond S, Dhatt SS, Kumar V, Zohmangaihi D, Gaurav A, Neradi D, Pal A. Prognosticating acute traumatic spinal cord injury using Neurofilament (NF), Neuron Specific Enolase (NSE), Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMPs), and S-100B as biomarkers. Ir J Med Sci 2024; 193:769-775. [PMID: 37528246 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-023-03476-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spinal cord injury (SCI) can result in lifelong disability. Currently, the literature suggests that biomarkers are helpful in prognosticating SCI, but there is no specific biomarker to date. This is the first study that predicted the prognosis dynamically using biomarkers. AIM To elucidate the role of biomarkers in prognosticating acute traumatic SCI. METHODS Blood samples were obtained from 35 patients of acute traumatic SCI at presentation, immediate post-op, and at 6 weeks. At 6 months follow-up, patients were divided into two groups, i.e, improved and non-improved based on the improvement in the ASIA grade compared to presentation. A non-parametric test was used for comparing mean NSE, MMP-2, S100-B, and NF serum levels at presentation, immediate post-op, and 6 weeks post-op follow-up between the two groups. RESULTS There was a significant difference (p = 0.03) in the NF values at presentation between the two groups. The difference of NSE values at 6 weeks was also significant (p = 0.016) between the two groups. S-100B levels were also significantly different between both groups at presentation (p=0.016), and at the immediate post-op stage (p=0.007). MMP-2 levels neither displayed any specific trend nor any significant difference between the two groups. CONCLUSION Higher NF values at presentation, and higher S-100B levels at presentation and immediate post-operative period correlated with poor outcome. Also, increased NSE values after surgery are indicative of no improvement. These levels can be used at various stages to predict the prognosis. However, further studies are required on this topic extensively to know the exact cut-off values of these markers to predict the prognosis accurately. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRY NUMBER REF/2020/01/030616.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Paragond
- Department of Orthopaedics, ESIC Medical College and Hospital, Kalaburagi, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Vishal Kumar
- Department of Orthopaedics, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India.
| | | | - Ankit Gaurav
- Department of Orthopaedics, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
| | - Deepak Neradi
- Department of Orthopaedics, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
| | - Arnab Pal
- Department of Biochemistry, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
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Haddadi K, Abediankenari S, Ehteshami S, Alipour A, Majd HS, Jafarpour H, Asadian L. The Accuracy of the S100B Protein Biomarker in the Prognosis of Patients with Acute Spinal Cord Injury. Asian J Neurosurg 2024; 19:58-62. [PMID: 38751401 PMCID: PMC11093626 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1771323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The role of some biomarkers such as S100 beta (S100B) has been somewhat known in determining the severity of primary acute spinal cord injury (SCI), and today, it has been the basis of various relevant studies. Therefore, this study estimates the S100B level in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in patients with spinal injuries. Methods This was a descriptive-analytic study. In this study, 31 patients with acute SCI referred to Sari Imam Khomeini Hospital, Iran, were recruited. Patients were divided into two groups of complete and incomplete SCI according to the American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA). The S100B concentrations in serum and CSF levels were compared between the two groups. Result There was only significant positive correlation between S100B CSF concentration and complete SCI based on the ASIA criterion, meaning that in cases of complete SCI the S100B CSF concentration was significantly increased correlation coefficient (CC) (cc = 0.529 and p = 0.002). Based on the results of serum S100B protein concentration, 14.70 ng/dL with a sensitivity of 66.7% and specificity of 55% was determined as cutoff for complete SCI. Also, about the CSF S100B protein level variable, concentration of 342.18 ng/dL with 100% sensitivity and 64% specificity was determined as cutoff for complete injury. Conclusion The results of this unique study have shown that S100B were useful markers for predicting the prognosis of patients with acute SCI and cutoff points determined for serum and especially CSF concentrations can differentiate complete and incomplete SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaveh Haddadi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Orthopedic Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Science, Sari, Iran
| | - Saeed Abediankenari
- Immunogenetics Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Saeed Ehteshami
- Department of neurosurgery, Orthopedic Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Science, Sari, Iran
| | - Abbas Alipour
- Thalassemia Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Science, Sari, Iran
| | - Hassan Shayan Majd
- Department of Neurosurgery, Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Science, Sari, Iran
| | - Hamed Jafarpour
- Department of Neurosurgery, Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Science, Sari, Iran
| | - Leila Asadian
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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Wang HD, Wei ZJ, Li JJ, Feng SQ. Application value of biofluid-based biomarkers for the diagnosis and treatment of spinal cord injury. Neural Regen Res 2021; 17:963-971. [PMID: 34558509 PMCID: PMC8552873 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.324823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies in patients with spinal cord injuries (SCIs) have confirmed the diagnostic potential of biofluid-based biomarkers, as a topic of increasing interest in relation to SCI diagnosis and treatment. This paper reviews the research progress and application prospects of recently identified SCI-related biomarkers. Many structural proteins, such as glial fibrillary acidic protein, S100-β, ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase-L1, neurofilament light, and tau protein were correlated with the diagnosis, American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale, and prognosis of SCI to different degrees. Inflammatory factors, including interleukin-6, interleukin-8, and tumor necrosis factor α, are also good biomarkers for the diagnosis of acute and chronic SCI, while non-coding RNAs (microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs) also show diagnostic potential for SCI. Trace elements (Mg, Se, Cu, Zn) have been shown to be related to motor recovery and can predict motor function after SCI, while humoral markers can reflect the pathophysiological changes after SCI. These factors have the advantages of low cost, convenient sampling, and ease of dynamic tracking, but are also associated with disadvantages, including diverse influencing factors and complex level changes. Although various proteins have been verified as potential biomarkers for SCI, more convincing evidence from large clinical and prospective studies is thus required to identify the most valuable diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Da Wang
- Department of Orthopedics; International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhi-Jian Wei
- Department of Orthopedics; International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin; Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital; Shandong University Center for Orthopedics, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jun-Jin Li
- Department of Orthopedics; International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Shi-Qing Feng
- Department of Orthopedics; International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin; Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital; Shandong University Center for Orthopedics, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
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5
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Recent progress in therapeutic drug delivery systems for treatment of traumatic CNS injuries. Future Med Chem 2020; 12:1759-1778. [PMID: 33028091 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2020-0178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Most therapeutics for the treatment of traumatic central nervous system injuries, such as traumatic brain injury and spinal cord injury, encounter various obstacles in reaching the target tissue and exerting pharmacological effects, including physiological barriers like the blood-brain barrier and blood-spinal cord barrier, instability rapid elimination from the injured tissue or cerebrospinal fluid and off-target toxicity. For central nervous system delivery, nano- and microdrug delivery systems are regarded as the most suitable and promising carriers. In this review, the pathophysiology and biomarkers of traumatic central nervous system injuries (traumatic brain injury and spinal cord injury) are introduced. Furthermore, various drug delivery systems, novel combinatorial therapies and advanced therapies for the treatment of traumatic brain injury and spinal cord injury are emphasized.
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Nakhjiri E, Vafaee MS, Hojjati SMM, Shahabi P, Shahpasand K. Tau Pathology Triggered by Spinal Cord Injury Can Play a Critical Role in the Neurotrauma Development. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:4845-4855. [PMID: 32808121 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02061-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) can result in substantial neurological impairment along with significant emotional and psychological distress. It is clear that there is profound neurodegeneration upon SCI, gradually spread to other spinal cord regions and brain areas. Despite extensive considerations, it remains uncertain how pathogenicity diffuses in the cord. It has been reported that tau protein abnormal hyperphosphorylation plays a central role in neurodegeneration triggered by traumatic brain injury (TBI). Tau is a microtubule-associated protein, heavily implicated in neurodegenerative diseases. Importantly, tau pathology spreads in a traumatic brain in a timely manner. In particular, we have recently demonstrated that phosphorylated tau at Thr231 exists in two distinct cis and trans conformations, in which that cis P-tau is extremely neurotoxic, has a prion nature, and spreads to various brain areas and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) upon trauma. On the other hand, tau pathology, in particular hyperphosphorylation at Thr231, has been observed upon SCI. Taken these together, we conclude that cis pT231-tau may accumulate and spread in the spinal cord as well as CSF and diffuse tau pathology in the central nervous system (CNS). Moreover, antibody against cis P-tau can target intracellular cis P-tau and protect pathology spreading. Thus, considering cis P-tau as a driver of tau pathology and neurodegeneration upon SCI would open new windows toward understanding the disease development and early biomarkers. Furthermore, it would help us develop effective therapies for SCI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elnaz Nakhjiri
- Neurosciences Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Manuchehr S Vafaee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | | | - Parviz Shahabi
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Koorosh Shahpasand
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
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Leister I, Haider T, Mattiassich G, Kramer JLK, Linde LD, Pajalic A, Grassner L, Altendorfer B, Resch H, Aschauer-Wallner S, Aigner L. Biomarkers in Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury—Technical and Clinical Considerations: A Systematic Review. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 2020; 34:95-110. [DOI: 10.1177/1545968319899920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective. To examine (1) if serological or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers can be used as diagnostic and/or prognostic tools in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) and (2) if literature provides recommendations regarding timing and source of biomarker evaluation. Data Sources. A systematic literature search to identify studies reporting on diagnostic and prognostic blood and/or CSF biomarkers in SCI was conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE, CINAHL, Science Direct, The Cochrane Library, ISI Web of Science, and PEDro. Study Selection. Clinical trials, cohort, and pilot studies on patients with traumatic SCI investigating at least one blood or CSF biomarker were included. Following systematic screening, 19 articles were included in the final analysis. PRISMA guidelines were followed to conduct this review. Data Extraction. Independent extraction of articles was completed by 2 authors using predefined inclusion criteria and study quality indicators. Data Synthesis. Nineteen studies published between 2002 and April 2019 with 1596 patients were included in the systematic review. In 14 studies, blood biomarkers were measured, 4 studies investigated CSF biomarkers, and 1 study used both blood and CSF samples. Conclusions. Serum/CSF concentrations of several biomarkers (S100b, IL-6, GFAP, NSE, tau, TNF-α, IL-8, MCP-1, pNF-H, and IP-10) following SCI are highly time dependent and related to injury severity. Future studies need to validate these markers as true biomarkers and should control for secondary complications associated with SCI. A deeper understanding of secondary pathophysiological events after SCI and their effect on biomarker dynamics may improve their clinical significance as surrogate parameters in future clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Leister
- Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Austrian Spinal Cord Injury Study, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Thomas Haider
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Georg Mattiassich
- Ludwig-Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Vienna, Austria
- Traumacenter Graz, Teaching Hospital of the Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - John L. K. Kramer
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Lukas D. Linde
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Adnan Pajalic
- Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Department of Cardiology, Klinikum Wels-Grieskirchen, Wels, Austria
| | - Lukas Grassner
- Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- University Clinic of Neurosurgery, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Center for Spinal Cord Injuries, Trauma Center Murnau, Germany
| | - Barbara Altendorfer
- Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Herbert Resch
- Austrian Spinal Cord Injury Study, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Stephanie Aschauer-Wallner
- Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Ludwig Aigner
- Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration
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Olby NJ, Lim JH, Wagner N, Zidan N, Early PJ, Mariani CL, Muñana KR, Laber E. Time course and prognostic value of serum GFAP, pNFH, and S100β concentrations in dogs with complete spinal cord injury because of intervertebral disc extrusion. J Vet Intern Med 2019; 33:726-734. [PMID: 30758078 PMCID: PMC6430936 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background A noninvasive biomarker is needed to predict recovery from severe spinal cord injury (SCI) because of thoracolumbar intervertebral disc extrusion (TL‐IVDE). Proteins released from neural and glial cells can be detected in the blood and show promise as prognostic tools, but their concentration is influenced by time after injury. Hypothesis/Objectives Serum concentrations of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), phosphorylated neurofilament heavy chain (pNFH), and S100β will follow different time courses; measurement of combinations of these proteins will predict outcome. Animals Thirty‐one dogs with TL‐IVDE causing paralysis with no pain perception. Methods Prospective study. Serum samples were taken at presentation and intervals over 56 days and banked at −80°C. Glial fibrillary acidic protein, pNFH, and S100β concentrations were measured using ELISA tests and plotted against time from onset of nonambulatory status. Outcome was established at 6 months. The association between biomarker concentration and outcome was examined using logistic regression, receiver operator characteristics curve analysis, and model development. Results Thirty‐one dogs participated, 3/31 (10%) developed progressive myelomalacia and 19/31 (62%) recovered ambulation. Glial fibrillary acidic protein and S100β concentrations rose for the first 1 to 3 days, and were undetectable by 14 and 28 days, respectively. Phosphorylated neurofilament heavy chain concentrations peaked at 14 days and were detectable at 56 days. Glial fibrillary acidic protein concentrations in the first 72 hours after onset of nonambulatory status predicted recovery with an accuracy of 76.7%‐89% depending on sample timing. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Serum GFAP concentrations can be used to predict outcome in clinically complete SCI. A rapid inexpensive bedside test is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha J Olby
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina.,Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Ji-Hey Lim
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - Nikki Wagner
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Natalia Zidan
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina.,Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Peter J Early
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina.,Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Christopher L Mariani
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina.,Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Karen R Muñana
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina.,Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Eric Laber
- Department of Statistics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
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Yousefifard M, Sarveazad A, Babahajian A, Baikpour M, Shokraneh F, Vaccaro AR, Harrop JS, Fehlings MG, Hosseini M, Rahimi‐Movaghar V. Potential diagnostic and prognostic value of serum and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers in traumatic spinal cord injury: A systematic review. J Neurochem 2019; 149:317-330. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Yousefifard
- Physiology Research Center Faculty of Medicine Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Arash Sarveazad
- Colorectal Research Center Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Asrin Babahajian
- Liver and Digestive Research Center Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences Sanandaj Iran
| | - Masoud Baikpour
- Department of Medicine Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Farhad Shokraneh
- Cochrane Schizophrenia Group Institute of Mental Health University of Nottingham Nottingham UK
| | - Alexander R. Vaccaro
- Department of Orthopedics and Neurosurgery Rothman Institute Thomas Jefferson University Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA
| | - James S. Harrop
- Department of Neurosurgery Thomas Jefferson University Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA
| | - Michael G. Fehlings
- Division of Genetics and Development Krembil Research Institute University Health Network Toronto Ontario Canada
- Division of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital University Health Network Toronto Ontario Canada
- Department of Surgery and Spine Program University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Mostafa Hosseini
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics School of Public Health Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Vafa Rahimi‐Movaghar
- Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
- Brain and Spinal Injuries Research Center (BASIR) Neuroscience Institute Imam Khomeini Hospital Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
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Yang Z, Bramlett HM, Moghieb A, Yu D, Wang P, Lin F, Bauer C, Selig TM, Jaalouk E, Weissman AS, Rathore DS, Romo P, Zhang Z, Hayes RL, Wang MY, Dietrich WD, Wang KKW. Temporal Profile and Severity Correlation of a Panel of Rat Spinal Cord Injury Protein Biomarkers. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:2174-2184. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0424-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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11
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The developing landscape of diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for spinal cord injury in cerebrospinal fluid and blood. Spinal Cord 2016; 55:114-125. [DOI: 10.1038/sc.2016.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Revised: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Palmers I, Ydens E, Put E, Depreitere B, Bongers-Janssen H, Pickkers P, Hendrix S, Somers V. Antibody profiling identifies novel antigenic targets in spinal cord injury patients. J Neuroinflammation 2016; 13:243. [PMID: 27618915 PMCID: PMC5020527 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-016-0713-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Recent evidence implicates antibody responses as pivotal damaging factors in spinal cord injury (SCI)-induced neuroinflammation. To date, only a limited number of the antibody targets have been uncovered, and the discovery of novel targets with pathologic and clinical relevance still represents a major challenge. Methods In this study, we, therefore, applied an unbiased, innovative and powerful strategy, called serological antigen selection (SAS), to fully identify the complex information present within the antibody repertoire of SCI patients. Results We constructed a high-quality cDNA phage display library derived from human spinal cord tissue to screen for antibody reactivity in pooled plasma samples from traumatic SCI patients (n = 10, identification cohort). By performing SAS, we identified a panel of 19 antigenic targets to which the individual samples of the plasma pool showed antibody reactivity. Sequence analysis to identify the selected antigenic targets uncovered 5 known proteins, to which antibody reactivity has not been associated with SCI before, as well as linear peptides. Immunoreactivity against 9 of the 19 novel identified targets was validated in 41 additional SCI patients and an equal number of age- and gender-matched healthy subjects. Overall, we found elevated antibody levels to at least 1 of the 9 targets in 51 % of our total SCI patient cohort (n = 51) with a specificity of 73 %. By combining 6 of these 9 targets into a panel, an overall reactivity of approximately half of the SCI patients could be maintained while increasing the specificity to 82 %. Conclusions In conclusion, our innovative high-throughput approach resulted in the identification of previously unexplored antigenic targets with elevated immunoreactivity in more than 50 % of the SCI patients. Characterization of the validated antibody responses and their targets will not only provide new insight into the underlying disease processes of SCI pathology but also significantly contribute to uncovering potential antibody biomarkers for SCI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilse Palmers
- Biomedical Research Institute and transnationale Universiteit Limburg, School of Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Martelarenlaan 42, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Elke Ydens
- Biomedical Research Institute and transnationale Universiteit Limburg, School of Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Martelarenlaan 42, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Eric Put
- Department Neurosurgery, Jessa Hospital, Stadsomvaart 11, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Bart Depreitere
- Division of Experimental Neurosurgery and Neuroanatomy, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven and University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Peter Pickkers
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Radboud University, Nijmegen Medical Centre, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Sven Hendrix
- Biomedical Research Institute and transnationale Universiteit Limburg, School of Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Martelarenlaan 42, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Veerle Somers
- Biomedical Research Institute and transnationale Universiteit Limburg, School of Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Martelarenlaan 42, Hasselt, Belgium.
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Wyse RK, Brundin P, Sherer TB. Nilotinib - Differentiating the Hope from the Hype. JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2016; 6:519-22. [PMID: 27434298 PMCID: PMC5044778 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-160904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We discuss a report in the current issue on clinical and biochemical findings from a safety trial using the cAbl tyrosine kinase inhibitor Nilotinib (150 mg or 300 mg given daily for 24 weeks) in a small group of patients with either advanced Parkinson's disease or Dementia with Lewy Bodies. Despite some side effects (one serious), the authors claim that Nilotinib, which is normally used at much higher doses for treating leukemia, is safe and tolerated. Furthermore, they report a possible benefit on motor and cognitive outcomes. We debate the safety of Nilotinib and the reported efficacy signals. We emphasize that due to the small sample size, and lack of a control group, it is impossible to rule out a placebo effect. We briefly discuss a range of aspects surrounding the current and possible future use of this cAbl inhibitor in patients with alpha-synucleinopathy, and what must now be done to obtain definitive information about its safety and efficacy in this population of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Patrik Brundin
- Translational Parkinson’s Disease Research, Center for Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Todd B. Sherer
- Michael J Fox Foundation for Parkinson’s Research, New York, USA
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Wolf H, Krall C, Pajenda G, Hajdu S, Widhalm H, Leitgeb J, Sarahrudi K. Preliminary findings on biomarker levels from extracerebral sources in patients undergoing trauma surgery: Potential implications for TBI outcome studies. Brain Inj 2016; 30:1220-5. [PMID: 27295302 DOI: 10.3109/02699052.2016.1170883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite several experimental studies on the role of S100B and NSE in fractures, no studies on the influence of surgery on the biomarker serum levels have been performed yet. METHODS The serum levels of S100B and NSE were analysed in patients with fractures that were located in the spine (group 1, n = 35) or in the lower extremity (group 2, n = 32) pre- and post-operatively. RESULTS The mean S100B serum level showed a significant increase (p = 0.04) post-surgery in the patients of group 1. In patients undergoing acute surgery (< 24 hours) the mean S100B serum level was 0.23 ± 0.22 μg L(-1) pre-operatively and 1.24 ± 1.38 μg L(-1) post-operatively. Likewise, the mean S100B serum level significantly increased in group 2 after surgery (p < 0.0001). In this group patients undergoing acute surgery showed a mean S100B serum level of 0.23 ± 0.14 μg L(-1) and 1.11 ± 0.73 μg L(-1) pre- and post-operatively. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates significant alterations of the biomarker S100B serum levels in patients undergoing surgery. Higher S100B serum levels were found within 24 hours and might be related to the acute fracture. The NSE serum levels were unchanged and this biomarker may offer the probability to serve as a future outcome predictor in studies with patients with traumatic brain injury and additional extracerebral injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Wolf
- a Department for Trauma Surgery , Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria.,b Faculty of Health Care and Social Work, Department of Public Health , University of Trnava , Slovakia.,c INRO (International Neurotrauma Research Organisation) , Vienna , Austria
| | - C Krall
- b Faculty of Health Care and Social Work, Department of Public Health , University of Trnava , Slovakia.,d Department for Medical Statistics , Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria
| | - G Pajenda
- a Department for Trauma Surgery , Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria
| | - S Hajdu
- a Department for Trauma Surgery , Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria
| | - H Widhalm
- a Department for Trauma Surgery , Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria
| | - J Leitgeb
- a Department for Trauma Surgery , Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria
| | - K Sarahrudi
- a Department for Trauma Surgery , Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria
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The Next Generation of Biomarker Research in Spinal Cord Injury. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:1482-1499. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-9757-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Kojima Y, Chiba S, Horiuchi N, Kobayashi Y, Inokuma H. Evaluation of S100B in cerebrospinal fluid as a potential biomarker for neurological diseases in calves. J Vet Med Sci 2015; 77:605-7. [PMID: 25649061 PMCID: PMC4478743 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.14-0578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
S100B in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF-S100B) was measured in calves with 20 neurologic and 21
non-neurologic diseases to clarify its utility as a biomarker for neurologic diseases. The
median CSF-S100B value in the neurologic disease group (43.0
ng/ml) was significantly higher than that in the
non-neurologic disease group (10.2 ng/ml). As CSF-S100B
levels in calves with neurologic diseases widely differed, the utility of CSF-S100B as a
diagnostic marker for neurologic diseases in cattle remains inconclusive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Kojima
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro 080-8555, Japan
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