1
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Castello-Serrano I, Heberle FA, Diaz-Rohrer B, Ippolito R, Shurer CR, Lujan P, Campelo F, Levental KR, Levental I. Partitioning to ordered membrane domains regulates the kinetics of secretory traffic. eLife 2024; 12:RP89306. [PMID: 38837189 PMCID: PMC11152573 DOI: 10.7554/elife.89306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The organelles of eukaryotic cells maintain distinct protein and lipid compositions required for their specific functions. The mechanisms by which many of these components are sorted to their specific locations remain unknown. While some motifs mediating subcellular protein localization have been identified, many membrane proteins and most membrane lipids lack known sorting determinants. A putative mechanism for sorting of membrane components is based on membrane domains known as lipid rafts, which are laterally segregated nanoscopic assemblies of specific lipids and proteins. To assess the role of such domains in the secretory pathway, we applied a robust tool for synchronized secretory protein traffic (RUSH, Retention Using Selective Hooks) to protein constructs with defined affinity for raft phases. These constructs consist solely of single-pass transmembrane domains (TMDs) and, lacking other sorting determinants, constitute probes for membrane domain-mediated trafficking. We find that while raft affinity can be sufficient for steady-state PM localization, it is not sufficient for rapid exit from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), which is instead mediated by a short cytosolic peptide motif. In contrast, we find that Golgi exit kinetics are highly dependent on raft affinity, with raft preferring probes exiting the Golgi ~2.5-fold faster than probes with minimal raft affinity. We rationalize these observations with a kinetic model of secretory trafficking, wherein Golgi export can be facilitated by protein association with raft domains. These observations support a role for raft-like membrane domains in the secretory pathway and establish an experimental paradigm for dissecting its underlying machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Castello-Serrano
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, Center for Membrane and Cell Physiology, University of VirginiaCharlottesvilleUnited States
| | | | | | - Rossana Ippolito
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, Center for Membrane and Cell Physiology, University of VirginiaCharlottesvilleUnited States
| | - Carolyn R Shurer
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, Center for Membrane and Cell Physiology, University of VirginiaCharlottesvilleUnited States
| | - Pablo Lujan
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and TechnologyBarcelonaSpain
| | - Felix Campelo
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and TechnologyBarcelonaSpain
| | - Kandice R Levental
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, Center for Membrane and Cell Physiology, University of VirginiaCharlottesvilleUnited States
| | - Ilya Levental
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, Center for Membrane and Cell Physiology, University of VirginiaCharlottesvilleUnited States
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2
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Wang B, Pareek G, Kundu M. ULK/Atg1: phasing in and out of autophagy. Trends Biochem Sci 2024; 49:494-505. [PMID: 38565496 PMCID: PMC11162330 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2024.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Autophagy - a highly regulated intracellular degradation process - is pivotal in maintaining cellular homeostasis. Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) is a fundamental mechanism regulating the formation and function of membrane-less compartments. Recent research has unveiled connections between LLPS and autophagy, suggesting that phase separation events may orchestrate the spatiotemporal organization of autophagic machinery and cargo sequestration. The Unc-51-like kinase (ULK)/autophagy-related 1 (Atg1) family of proteins is best known for its regulatory role in initiating autophagy, but there is growing evidence that the functional spectrum of ULK/Atg1 extends beyond autophagy regulation. In this review, we explore the spatial and temporal regulation of the ULK/Atg1 family of kinases, focusing on their recruitment to LLPS-driven compartments, and highlighting their multifaceted functions beyond their traditional role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; Shenzhen Research Institute of Xiamen University, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Gautam Pareek
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Mondira Kundu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.
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3
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Lu HJ, Koju N, Sheng R. Mammalian integrated stress responses in stressed organelles and their functions. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2024; 45:1095-1114. [PMID: 38267546 PMCID: PMC11130345 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-023-01225-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The integrated stress response (ISR) triggered in response to various cellular stress enables mammalian cells to effectively cope with diverse stressful conditions while maintaining their normal functions. Four kinases (PERK, PKR, GCN2, and HRI) of ISR regulate ISR signaling and intracellular protein translation via mediating the phosphorylation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 α (eIF2α) at Ser51. Early ISR creates an opportunity for cells to repair themselves and restore homeostasis. This effect, however, is reversed in the late stages of ISR. Currently, some studies have shown the non-negligible impact of ISR on diseases such as ischemic diseases, cognitive impairment, metabolic syndrome, cancer, vanishing white matter, etc. Hence, artificial regulation of ISR and its signaling with ISR modulators becomes a promising therapeutic strategy for relieving disease symptoms and improving clinical outcomes. Here, we provide an overview of the essential mechanisms of ISR and describe the ISR-related pathways in organelles including mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and lysosomes. Meanwhile, the regulatory effects of ISR modulators and their potential application in various diseases are also enumerated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Jun Lu
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Nirmala Koju
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Rui Sheng
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
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4
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Dutta T, Chakraborty B, Nigam A, Minocha S, Koner AL. A small-molecule probe to decipher stress-induced ER microenvironments and ER-Golgi communication. J Mater Chem B 2024. [PMID: 38808376 DOI: 10.1039/d4tb00572d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Cellular stress is a crucial factor in regulating and maintaining both organismal and microenvironmental homeostasis. It induces a response that also affects the micropolarity of specific cellular compartments, which is essential for early disease diagnosis. In this contribution, we present a quantitative study of micropolarity changes inside the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) during the G1/S and G2/M phases, using a biocompatible small-molecule fluorophore called ER-Oct. This probe is selectively driven to the ER by its hydrophobicity, and it has the fastest diffusion properties among a series of analogous probes. We found that induced ER stress caused cell cycle arrests leading to an increase in ER micropolarity which is well supported by lambda scanning experiments and fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) as well. ER-Oct is a versatile staining agent that could effectively stain the ER in various living/fixed mammalian cells, isolated ER, Caenorhabditis elegans, and mice tissues. Furthermore, we used this probe to visualize a well-known biological event, ER to Golgi transport, by live-cell fluorescence microscopy. Our exhaustive investigation of micropolarity using ER-staining dye provides a new way to study ER stress, which could provide a deeper understanding of proteostasis in model systems and even in fixed patient samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanoy Dutta
- Bionanotechnology Lab, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh - 462066, India.
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Barsha Chakraborty
- Bionanotechnology Lab, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh - 462066, India.
| | - Aditya Nigam
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi - 110016, India
| | - Shilpi Minocha
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi - 110016, India
| | - Apurba Lal Koner
- Bionanotechnology Lab, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh - 462066, India.
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5
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Zhu Y, Li Q. Multifaceted roles of PDCD6 both within and outside the cell. J Cell Physiol 2024; 239:e31235. [PMID: 38436472 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Programmed cell death protein 6 (PDCD6) is an evolutionarily conserved Ca2+-binding protein. PDCD6 is involved in regulating multifaceted and pleiotropic cellular processes in different cellular compartments. For instance, nuclear PDCD6 regulates apoptosis and alternative splicing. PDCD6 is required for coat protein complex II-dependent endoplasmic reticulum-to-Golgi apparatus vesicular transport in the cytoplasm. Recent advances suggest that cytoplasmic PDCD6 is involved in the regulation of cytoskeletal dynamics and innate immune responses. Additionally, membranous PDCD6 participates in membrane repair through endosomal sorting complex required for transport complex-dependent membrane budding. Interestingly, extracellular vesicles are rich in PDCD6. Moreover, abnormal expression of PDCD6 is closely associated with many diseases, especially cancer. PDCD6 is therefore a multifaceted but pivotal protein in vivo. To gain a more comprehensive understanding of PDCD6 functions and to focus and stimulate PDCD6 research, this review summarizes key developments in its role in different subcellular compartments, processes, and pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yigao Zhu
- Center for Cell Structure and Function, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Qingchao Li
- Center for Cell Structure and Function, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
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6
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Zalon AJ, Quiriconi DJ, Pitcairn C, Mazzulli JR. α-Synuclein: Multiple pathogenic roles in trafficking and proteostasis pathways in Parkinson's disease. Neuroscientist 2024:10738584241232963. [PMID: 38420922 DOI: 10.1177/10738584241232963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common age-related neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the midbrain. A hallmark of both familial and sporadic PD is the presence of Lewy body inclusions composed mainly of aggregated α-synuclein (α-syn), a presynaptic protein encoded by the SNCA gene. The mechanisms driving the relationship between α-syn accumulation and neurodegeneration are not completely understood, although recent evidence indicates that multiple branches of the proteostasis pathway are simultaneously perturbed when α-syn aberrantly accumulates within neurons. Studies from patient-derived midbrain cultures that develop α-syn pathology through the endogenous expression of PD-causing mutations show that proteostasis disruption occurs at the level of synthesis/folding in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), downstream ER-Golgi trafficking, and autophagic-lysosomal clearance. Here, we review the fundamentals of protein transport, highlighting the specific steps where α-syn accumulation may intervene and the downstream effects on proteostasis. Current therapeutic efforts are focused on targeting single pathways or proteins, but the multifaceted pathogenic role of α-syn throughout the proteostasis pathway suggests that manipulating several targets simultaneously will provide more effective disease-modifying therapies for PD and other synucleinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie J Zalon
- The Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Drew J Quiriconi
- The Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Caleb Pitcairn
- The Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Joseph R Mazzulli
- The Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
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7
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Castello-Serrano I, Heberle FA, Diaz-Rohrer B, Ippolito R, Shurer CR, Lujan P, Campelo F, Levental KR, Levental I. Partitioning to ordered membrane domains regulates the kinetics of secretory traffic. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.04.18.537395. [PMID: 37131599 PMCID: PMC10153169 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.18.537395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The organelles of eukaryotic cells maintain distinct protein and lipid compositions required for their specific functions. The mechanisms by which many of these components are sorted to their specific locations remain unknown. While some motifs mediating subcellular protein localization have been identified, many membrane proteins and most membrane lipids lack known sorting determinants. A putative mechanism for sorting of membrane components is based on membrane domains known as lipid rafts, which are laterally segregated nanoscopic assemblies of specific lipids and proteins. To assess the role of such domains in the secretory pathway, we applied a robust tool for synchronized secretory protein traffic (RUSH, Retention Using Selective Hooks) to protein constructs with defined affinity for raft phases. These constructs consist solely of single-pass transmembrane domains (TMDs) and, lacking other sorting determinants, constitute probes for membrane domain-mediated trafficking. We find that while raft affinity can be sufficient for steady-state PM localization, it is not sufficient for rapid exit from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), which is instead mediated by a short cytosolic peptide motif. In contrast, we find that Golgi exit kinetics are highly dependent on raft affinity, with raft preferring probes exiting Golgi ~2.5-fold faster than probes with minimal raft affinity. We rationalize these observations with a kinetic model of secretory trafficking, wherein Golgi export can be facilitated by protein association with raft domains. These observations support a role for raft-like membrane domains in the secretory pathway and establish an experimental paradigm for dissecting its underlying machinery.
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8
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Phuyal S, Romani P, Dupont S, Farhan H. Mechanobiology of organelles: illuminating their roles in mechanosensing and mechanotransduction. Trends Cell Biol 2023; 33:1049-1061. [PMID: 37236902 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2023.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Mechanobiology studies the mechanisms by which cells sense and respond to physical forces, and the role of these forces in shaping cells and tissues themselves. Mechanosensing can occur at the plasma membrane, which is directly exposed to external forces, but also in the cell's interior, for example, through deformation of the nucleus. Less is known on how the function and morphology of organelles are influenced by alterations in their own mechanical properties, or by external forces. Here, we discuss recent advances on the mechanosensing and mechanotransduction of organelles, including the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), the Golgi apparatus, the endo-lysosmal system, and the mitochondria. We highlight open questions that need to be addressed to gain a broader understanding of the role of organelle mechanobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Phuyal
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Patrizia Romani
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Sirio Dupont
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
| | - Hesso Farhan
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Pathophysiology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
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9
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G. Dornan L, C. Simpson J. Rab6-mediated retrograde trafficking from the Golgi: the trouble with tubules. Small GTPases 2023; 14:26-44. [PMID: 37488775 PMCID: PMC10392741 DOI: 10.1080/21541248.2023.2238330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Next year marks one-quarter of a century since the discovery of the so-called COPI-independent pathway, which operates between the Golgi apparatus and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in eukaryotic cells. Unlike almost all other intracellular trafficking pathways, this pathway is not regulated by the physical accumulation of multisubunit proteinaceous coat molecules, but instead by the small GTPase Rab6. What also sets it apart from other pathways is that the transport carriers themselves often take the form of tubules, rather than conventional vesicles. In this review, we assess the relevant literature that has accumulated to date, in an attempt to provide a concerted description of how this pathway is regulated. We discuss the possible cargo molecules that are carried in this pathway, and the likely mechanism of Rab6 tubule biogenesis, including how the cargo itself may play a critical role. We also provide perspective surrounding the various molecular motors of the kinesin, myosin and dynein families that have been implicated in driving Rab6-coated tubular membranes long distances through the cell prior to delivering their cargo to the ER. Finally, we also raise several important questions that require resolution, if we are to ultimately provide a comprehensive molecular description of how the COPI-independent pathway is controlled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy G. Dornan
- Cell Screening Laboratory, UCD School of Biology & Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jeremy C. Simpson
- Cell Screening Laboratory, UCD School of Biology & Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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10
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Maassen S, Warner HM, Grijpstra P, van den Bogaart G. A quantitative in vitro collagen uptake assay. MethodsX 2023; 11:102288. [PMID: 37533791 PMCID: PMC10392602 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2023.102288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Collagen remodelling is a vital process for embryonic development and homoeostatic maintenance of the adult body. Collagen remodelling is a complex process in fibroblasts, macrophages and other cells, whereby new collagen is secreted and polymerized into fibrils and old collagen is removed by proteolysis and endocytosis. Whereas the production of collagen is well-studied, the removal of collagen is less understood. In this protocol, we describe a method for the quantification of collagen uptake by cells. This protocol is based on the polymerisation of collagen type I-FITC conjugate in cell culture plate wells. Next, unpolymerized collagen is washed away and the cells are added in cell culture media. At this stage, they can be treated with inhibitors and/or stimulants if required. Afterwards, the cells are detached from the collagen using the protease accutase and the FITC signal is quantified using microscopy and/or flow cytometry.•Easy-to-use protocol for the quantitative measurement of collagen uptake in cells.•Cell detachment from collagen is quick and easy with accutase, even with strong adhering cells like macrophages.•Downstream applications can be a wide selection of analysis techniques like microscopy, RNA- and protein isolation, and flow cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sjors Maassen
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Medical Biology and Pathology, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Harry M. Warner
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Pieter Grijpstra
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Geert van den Bogaart
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Medical Biology and Pathology, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
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11
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Ragagnin AMG, Sundaramoorthy V, Farzana F, Gautam S, Saravanabavan S, Takalloo Z, Mehta P, Do-Ha D, Parakh S, Shadfar S, Hunter J, Vidal M, Jagaraj CJ, Brocardo M, Konopka A, Yang S, Rayner SL, Williams KL, Blair IP, Chung RS, Lee A, Ooi L, Atkin JD. ALS/FTD-associated mutation in cyclin F inhibits ER-Golgi trafficking, inducing ER stress, ERAD and Golgi fragmentation. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20467. [PMID: 37993492 PMCID: PMC10665471 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46802-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a severely debilitating neurodegenerative condition that is part of the same disease spectrum as frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Mutations in the CCNF gene, encoding cyclin F, are present in both sporadic and familial ALS and FTD. However, the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying neurodegeneration remain unclear. Proper functioning of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and Golgi apparatus compartments is essential for normal physiological activities and to maintain cellular viability. Here, we demonstrate that ALS/FTD-associated variant cyclin FS621G inhibits secretory protein transport from the ER to Golgi apparatus, by a mechanism involving dysregulation of COPII vesicles at ER exit sites. Consistent with this finding, cyclin FS621G also induces fragmentation of the Golgi apparatus and activates ER stress, ER-associated degradation, and apoptosis. Induction of Golgi fragmentation and ER stress were confirmed with a second ALS/FTD variant cyclin FS195R, and in cortical primary neurons. Hence, this study provides novel insights into pathogenic mechanisms associated with ALS/FTD-variant cyclin F, involving perturbations to both secretory protein trafficking and ER-Golgi homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey M G Ragagnin
- Motor Neuron Disease Research Centre, Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Vinod Sundaramoorthy
- Motor Neuron Disease Research Centre, Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Fabiha Farzana
- Motor Neuron Disease Research Centre, Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Shashi Gautam
- Motor Neuron Disease Research Centre, Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Sayanthooran Saravanabavan
- Motor Neuron Disease Research Centre, Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Zeinab Takalloo
- Motor Neuron Disease Research Centre, Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Prachi Mehta
- Motor Neuron Disease Research Centre, Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Dzung Do-Ha
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Northfields Avenue, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Sonam Parakh
- Motor Neuron Disease Research Centre, Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Sina Shadfar
- Motor Neuron Disease Research Centre, Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Julie Hunter
- Motor Neuron Disease Research Centre, Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Marta Vidal
- Motor Neuron Disease Research Centre, Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Cyril J Jagaraj
- Motor Neuron Disease Research Centre, Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Mariana Brocardo
- Motor Neuron Disease Research Centre, Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Anna Konopka
- Motor Neuron Disease Research Centre, Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Shu Yang
- Motor Neuron Disease Research Centre, Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Stephanie L Rayner
- Motor Neuron Disease Research Centre, Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Kelly L Williams
- Motor Neuron Disease Research Centre, Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Ian P Blair
- Motor Neuron Disease Research Centre, Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Roger S Chung
- Motor Neuron Disease Research Centre, Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Albert Lee
- Motor Neuron Disease Research Centre, Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Lezanne Ooi
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Northfields Avenue, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Julie D Atkin
- Motor Neuron Disease Research Centre, Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia.
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Melbourne, VIC, 3086, Australia.
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12
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Zhang Y, Srivastava V, Zhang B. Mammalian cargo receptors for endoplasmic reticulum-to-Golgi transport: mechanisms and interactions. Biochem Soc Trans 2023:BST20220713. [PMID: 37334845 DOI: 10.1042/bst20220713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Proteins that are destined to enter the secretory pathway are synthesized on the rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and then translocated into the ER lumen, where they undergo posttranslational modifications, folding, and assembly. After passing a quality control system, the cargo proteins are packaged into coat protein complex II (COPII) vesicles to exit the ER. In metazoans, most COPII subunits have multiple paralogs, enabling COPII vesicles the flexibility to transport a diverse range of cargo. The cytoplasmic domains of transmembrane proteins can interact with SEC24 subunits of COPII to enter the ER exit sites. Some transmembrane proteins may also act as cargo receptors that bind soluble secretory proteins within the ER lumen, enabling them to enter COPII vesicles. The cytoplasmic domains of cargo receptors also contain coat protein complex I binding motifs that allow for their cycling back to the ER after unloading their cargo in the ER-Golgi intermediate compartment and cis-Golgi. Once unloaded, the soluble cargo proteins continue maturation through the Golgi before reaching their final destinations. This review provides an overview of receptor-mediated transport of secretory proteins from the ER to the Golgi, with a focus on the current understanding of two mammalian cargo receptors: the LMAN1-MCFD2 complex and SURF4, and their roles in human health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhang
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute of Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, U.S.A
| | - Vishal Srivastava
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute of Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, U.S.A
| | - Bin Zhang
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute of Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, U.S.A
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13
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Stevenson NL. The factory, the antenna and the scaffold: the three-way interplay between the Golgi, cilium and extracellular matrix underlying tissue function. Biol Open 2023; 12:287059. [PMID: 36802341 PMCID: PMC9986613 DOI: 10.1242/bio.059719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The growth and development of healthy tissues is dependent on the construction of a highly specialised extracellular matrix (ECM) to provide support for cell growth and migration and to determine the biomechanical properties of the tissue. These scaffolds are composed of extensively glycosylated proteins which are secreted and assembled into well-ordered structures that can hydrate, mineralise, and store growth factors as required. The proteolytic processing and glycosylation of ECM components is vital to their function. These modifications are under the control of the Golgi apparatus, an intracellular factory hosting spatially organised, protein-modifying enzymes. Regulation also requires a cellular antenna, the cilium, which integrates extracellular growth signals and mechanical cues to inform ECM production. Consequently, mutations in either Golgi or ciliary genes frequently lead to connective tissue disorders. The individual importance of each of these organelles to ECM function is well-studied. However, emerging evidence points towards a more tightly linked system of interdependence between the Golgi, cilium and ECM. This review examines how the interplay between all three compartments underpins healthy tissue. As an example, it will look at several members of the golgin family of Golgi-resident proteins whose loss is detrimental to connective tissue function. This perspective will be important for many future studies looking to dissect the cause and effect of mutations impacting tissue integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola L Stevenson
- Cell Biology Laboratories, School of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
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14
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Synergistic mechanism between the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria and their crosstalk with other organelles. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:51. [PMID: 36759598 PMCID: PMC9911404 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01353-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Organelles are functional areas where eukaryotic cells perform processes necessary for life. Each organelle performs specific functions; however, highly coordinated crosstalk occurs between them. Disorder of organelle networks often occur in various diseases. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria are crucial organelles in eukaryotic cells as they are the material synthesis and oxidative metabolism centers, respectively. Homeostasis and orchestrated interactions are essential for maintaining the normal activities of cells. However, the mode and mechanism of organelle crosstalk is still a research challenge. Furthermore, the intricate association between organelle dyshomeostasis and the progression of many human diseases remains unclear. This paper systematically summarized the latest research advances in the synergistic mechanism between the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria and their crosstalk with other organelles based on recent literature. It also highlights the application potential of organelle homeostasis maintenance as a preventative and treatment strategy for diseases.
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15
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Lin X, Fu B, Xiong Y, Xing N, Xue W, Guo D, Zaky M, Pavani K, Kunec D, Trimpert J, Wu H. Unconventional secretion of unglycosylated ORF8 is critical for the cytokine storm during SARS-CoV-2 infection. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011128. [PMID: 36689483 PMCID: PMC9894554 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 is a respiratory infectious disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Evidence on the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 is accumulating rapidly. In addition to structural proteins such as Spike and Envelope, the functional roles of non-structural and accessory proteins in regulating viral life cycle and host immune responses remain to be understood. Here, we show that open reading frame 8 (ORF8) acts as messenger for inter-cellular communication between alveolar epithelial cells and macrophages during SARS-CoV-2 infection. Mechanistically, ORF8 is a secretory protein that can be secreted by infected epithelial cells via both conventional and unconventional secretory pathways. Conventionally secreted ORF8 is glycosylated and loses the ability to recognize interleukin 17 receptor A of macrophages, possibly due to the steric hindrance imposed by N-glycosylation at Asn78. However, unconventionally secreted ORF8 does not undergo glycosylation without experiencing the ER-Golgi trafficking, thereby activating the downstream NF-κB signaling pathway and facilitating a burst of cytokine release. Furthermore, we show that ORF8 deletion in SARS-CoV-2 attenuates inflammation and yields less lung lesions in hamsters. Our data collectively highlights a role of ORF8 protein in the development of cytokine storms during SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyuan Lin
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
- Institut für Virologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Beibei Fu
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Xiong
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Na Xing
- Institut für Virologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Weiwei Xue
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dong Guo
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mohamed Zaky
- Molecular Physiology Division, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Krishna Pavani
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Dusan Kunec
- Institut für Virologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jakob Trimpert
- Institut für Virologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Haibo Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
- * E-mail:
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16
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Cui L, Li H, Xi Y, Hu Q, Liu H, Fan J, Xiang Y, Zhang X, Shui W, Lai Y. Vesicle trafficking and vesicle fusion: mechanisms, biological functions, and their implications for potential disease therapy. MOLECULAR BIOMEDICINE 2022; 3:29. [PMID: 36129576 PMCID: PMC9492833 DOI: 10.1186/s43556-022-00090-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracellular vesicle trafficking is the fundamental process to maintain the homeostasis of membrane-enclosed organelles in eukaryotic cells. These organelles transport cargo from the donor membrane to the target membrane through the cargo containing vesicles. Vesicle trafficking pathway includes vesicle formation from the donor membrane, vesicle transport, and vesicle fusion with the target membrane. Coat protein mediated vesicle formation is a delicate membrane budding process for cargo molecules selection and package into vesicle carriers. Vesicle transport is a dynamic and specific process for the cargo containing vesicles translocation from the donor membrane to the target membrane. This process requires a group of conserved proteins such as Rab GTPases, motor adaptors, and motor proteins to ensure vesicle transport along cytoskeletal track. Soluble N-ethyl-maleimide-sensitive factor (NSF) attachment protein receptors (SNARE)-mediated vesicle fusion is the final process for vesicle unloading the cargo molecules at the target membrane. To ensure vesicle fusion occurring at a defined position and time pattern in eukaryotic cell, multiple fusogenic proteins, such as synaptotagmin (Syt), complexin (Cpx), Munc13, Munc18 and other tethering factors, cooperate together to precisely regulate the process of vesicle fusion. Dysfunctions of the fusogenic proteins in SNARE-mediated vesicle fusion are closely related to many diseases. Recent studies have suggested that stimulated membrane fusion can be manipulated pharmacologically via disruption the interface between the SNARE complex and Ca2+ sensor protein. Here, we summarize recent insights into the molecular mechanisms of vesicle trafficking, and implications for the development of new therapeutics based on the manipulation of vesicle fusion.
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17
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Malis Y, Hirschberg K, Kaether C. Hanging the coat on a collar: Same function but different localization and mechanism for COPII. Bioessays 2022; 44:e2200064. [DOI: 10.1002/bies.202200064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yehonathan Malis
- Department of Pathology, Sackler School of Medicine Tel‐Aviv University Tel Aviv Israel
| | - Koret Hirschberg
- Department of Pathology, Sackler School of Medicine Tel‐Aviv University Tel Aviv Israel
| | - Christoph Kaether
- Leibniz Institute for Age Research – Fritz Lipmann Institute Jena Germany
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18
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Tumor protein D54 binds intracellular nanovesicles via an extended amphipathic region. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102136. [PMID: 35714773 PMCID: PMC9270247 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor Protein D54 (TPD54) is an abundant cytosolic protein that belongs to the TPD52 family, a family of four proteins (TPD52, 53, 54 and 55) that are overexpressed in several cancer cells. Even though the functions of these proteins remain elusive, recent investigations indicate that TPD54 binds to very small cytosolic vesicles with a diameter of ca. 30 nm, half the size of classical (e.g. COPI and COPII) transport vesicles. Here, we investigated the mechanism of intracellular nanovesicle capture by TPD54. Bioinformatical analysis suggests that TPD54 contains a small coiled-coil followed by four amphipathic helices (AH1-4), which could fold upon binding to lipid membranes. Limited proteolysis, circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, tryptophan fluorescence, and cysteine mutagenesis coupled to covalent binding of a membrane sensitive probe showed that binding of TPD54 to small liposomes is accompanied by large structural changes in the amphipathic helix region. Furthermore, site-directed mutagenesis indicated that AH2 and AH3 have a predominant role in TPD54 binding to membranes both in cells and using model liposomes. We found that AH3 has the physicochemical features of an Amphipathic Lipid Packing Sensor (ALPS) motif, which, in other proteins, enables membrane binding in a curvature-dependent manner. Accordingly, we observed that binding of TPD54 to liposomes is very sensitive to membrane curvature and lipid unsaturation. We conclude that TPD54 recognizes nanovesicles through a combination of ALPS-dependent and -independent mechanisms.
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19
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Ren Y, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Pan T, Duan E, Bao X, Zhu J, Teng X, Zhang P, Gu C, Dong H, Wang F, Wang Y, Bao Y, Wang Y, Wan J. Endomembrane-mediated storage protein trafficking in plants: Golgi-dependent or Golgi-independent? FEBS Lett 2022; 596:2215-2230. [PMID: 35615915 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Seed storage proteins (SSPs) accumulated within plant seeds constitute the major protein nutrition sources for human and livestock. SSPs are synthesized on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and then deposited in plant-specific protein bodies (PBs), including ER-derived PBs and protein storage vacuoles (PSVs). Plant seeds have evolved a distinct endomembrane system to accomplish SSP transport. There are two distinct types of trafficking pathways contributing to SSP delivery to PSVs, one Golgi-dependent and the other Golgi-independent. In recent years, molecular, genetic and biochemical studies have shed light on the complex network controlling SSP trafficking, to which both evolutionarily conserved molecular machineries and plant-unique regulators contribute. In this review, we discuss current knowledge of PB biogenesis and endomembrane-mediated SSP transport, focusing on ER export and post-Golgi traffic. These knowledges support a dominant role for the Golgi-dependent pathways in SSP transport in Arabidopsis and rice. In addition, we describe cutting-edge strategies to dissect the endomembrane trafficking system in plant seeds to advance the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Ren
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yongfei Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Tian Pan
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Erchao Duan
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xiuhao Bao
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jianping Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xuan Teng
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Pengcheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Chuanwei Gu
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Hui Dong
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Fan Wang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yunlong Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yiqun Bao
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yihua Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jianmin Wan
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.,State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
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20
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Seiler DK, Hay JC. Genetically encoded fluorescent tools: Shining a little light on ER-to-Golgi transport. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 183:14-24. [PMID: 35272000 PMCID: PMC9097910 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Since the first fluorescent proteins (FPs) were identified and isolated over fifty years ago, FPs have become commonplace yet indispensable tools for studying the constitutive secretory pathway in live cells. At the same time, genetically encoded chemical tags have provided a new use for much older fluorescent dyes. Innovation has also produced several specialized methods to allow synchronous release of cargo proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), enabling precise characterization of sequential trafficking steps in the secretory pathway. Without the constant innovation of the researchers who design these tools to control, image, and quantitate protein secretion, major discoveries about ER-to-Golgi transport and later stages of the constitutive secretory pathway would not have been possible. We review many of the tools and tricks, some 25 years old and others brand new, that have been successfully implemented to study ER-to-Golgi transport in intact and living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danette Kowal Seiler
- Division of Biological Sciences, Center for Structural & Functional Neuroscience, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA
| | - Jesse C Hay
- Division of Biological Sciences, Center for Structural & Functional Neuroscience, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA.
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21
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Hirata Y, Matsui Y, Wada I, Hosokawa N. ER-to-Golgi trafficking of procollagen III via conventional vesicular and tubular carriers. Mol Biol Cell 2022; 33:ar21. [PMID: 35044867 PMCID: PMC9250382 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e21-07-0372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Collagen is the major protein component of the extracellular matrix. Synthesis of procollagens starts in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and three ⍺ chains form a rigid triple helix 300-400 nm in length. It remains unclear how such a large cargo is transported from the ER to the Golgi apparatus. In this study, to elucidate the intracellular transport of fibril-forming collagens, we fused cysteine-free GFP to the N-telopeptide region of procollagen III (GFP-COL3A1) and analyzed transport by live-cell imaging. We found that the maturation dynamics of procollagen III were largely different from those of network-forming procollagen IV (Matsui et al. 2020). Proline hydroxylation of procollagen III uniquely triggered the formation of intralumenal droplet-like structures similar to events caused by liquid-liquid phase separation, and ER exit sites surrounded large droplets containing chaperones. Procollagen III was transported to the Golgi apparatus via vesicular and tubular carriers containing ERGIC53 and RAB1B; this process required TANGO1 and CUL3, which we previously reported were dispensable for procollagen IV. GFP-COL3A1 and mCherry-⍺1AT were co-transported in the same vesicle. Based on these findings, we propose that shortly after ER exit, enlarged carriers containing procollagen III fuse to ERGIC for transport to the Golgi apparatus by conventional cargo carriers. [Media: see text] [Media: see text] [Media: see text] [Media: see text] [Media: see text] [Media: see text] [Media: see text] [Media: see text] [Media: see text] [Media: see text] [Media: see text] [Media: see text] [Media: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukihiro Hirata
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yuto Matsui
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Ikuo Wada
- Department of Cell Science, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Nobuko Hosokawa
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
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22
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Hellicar J, Stevenson NL, Stephens DJ, Lowe M. Supply chain logistics - the role of the Golgi complex in extracellular matrix production and maintenance. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:273996. [PMID: 35023559 PMCID: PMC8767278 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.258879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The biomechanical and biochemical properties of connective tissues are determined by the composition and quality of their extracellular matrix. This, in turn, is highly dependent on the function and organisation of the secretory pathway. The Golgi complex plays a vital role in directing matrix output by co-ordinating the post-translational modification and proteolytic processing of matrix components prior to their secretion. These modifications have broad impacts on the secretion and subsequent assembly of matrix components, as well as their function in the extracellular environment. In this Review, we highlight the role of the Golgi in the formation of an adaptable, healthy matrix, with a focus on proteoglycan and procollagen secretion as example cargoes. We then discuss the impact of Golgi dysfunction on connective tissue in the context of human disease and ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Hellicar
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, The Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK.,Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore, 138673
| | - Nicola L Stevenson
- Cell Biology Laboratories, School of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University Walk, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - David J Stephens
- Cell Biology Laboratories, School of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University Walk, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Martin Lowe
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, The Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
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23
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Staab-Weijnitz CA. Fighting the Fiber: Targeting Collagen in Lung Fibrosis. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2021; 66:363-381. [PMID: 34861139 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2021-0342tr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Organ fibrosis is characterized by epithelial injury and aberrant tissue repair, where activated effector cells, mostly fibroblasts and myofibroblasts, excessively deposit collagen into the extracellular matrix. Fibrosis frequently results in organ failure and has been estimated to contribute to at least one third of all global deaths. Also lung fibrosis, in particular idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), is a fatal disease with rising incidence worldwide. As current treatment options targeting fibrogenesis are insufficient, there is an urgent need for novel therapeutic strategies. During the last decade, several studies have proposed to target intra- and extracellular components of the collagen biosynthesis, maturation, and degradation machinery. This includes intra- and extracellular targets directly acting on collagen gene products, but also such that anabolize essential building blocks of collagen, in particular glycine and proline biosynthetic enzymes. Collagen, however, is a ubiquitous molecule in the body and fulfils essential functions as a macromolecular scaffold, growth factor reservoir, and receptor binding site in virtually every tissue. This review summarizes recent advances and future directions in this field. Evidence for the proposed therapeutic targets and where they currently stand in terms of clinical drug development for treatment of fibrotic disease is provided. The drug targets are furthermore discussed in light of (1) specificity for collagen biosynthesis, maturation and degradation, and (2) specificity for disease-associated collagen. As therapeutic success and safety of these drugs may largely depend on targeted delivery, different strategies for specific delivery to the main effector cells and to the extracellular matrix are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia A Staab-Weijnitz
- Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen Deutsches Forschungszentrum fur Gesundheit und Umwelt, 9150, Comprehensive Pneumology Center/Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), München, Germany;
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24
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Pereira C, Di Sansebastiano GP. Mechanisms of membrane traffic in plant cells. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 169:102-111. [PMID: 34775176 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The organelles of the secretory pathway are characterized by specific organization and function but they communicate in different ways with intense functional crosstalk. The best known membrane-bound transport carriers are known as protein-coated vesicles. Other traffic mechanisms, despite the intense investigations, still show incongruences. The review intends to provide a general view of the mechanisms involved in membrane traffic. We evidence that organelles' biogenesis involves mechanisms that actively operate during the entire cell cycle and the persistent interconnections between the Endoplasmic reticulum (ER), Golgi apparatus, trans-Golgi network (TGN) and endosomes, the vacuolar complex and the plasma membrane (PM) may be seen as a very dynamic membrane network in which vesicular traffic is part of a general maturation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia Pereira
- GreenUPorto-Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Centre & Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Do Campo Alegre, S/nº, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Gian Pietro Di Sansebastiano
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DISTEBA), University of Salento, Campus ECOTEKNE, 73100, Lecce, Italy.
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25
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Omar R, Malfait F, Van Agtmael T. Four decades in the making: Collagen III and mechanisms of vascular Ehlers Danlos Syndrome. Matrix Biol Plus 2021; 12:100090. [PMID: 34849481 PMCID: PMC8609142 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbplus.2021.100090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular Ehlers Danlos (vEDS) syndrome is a severe multi-systemic connective tissue disorder characterized by risk of dissection and rupture of the arteries, gastro-intestinal tract and gravid uterus. vEDS is caused by mutations in COL3A1, that encodes the alpha 1 chain of type III collagen, which is a major extracellular matrix component of the vasculature and hollow organs. The first causal mutations were identified in the 1980s but progress in our understanding of the pathomolecular mechanisms has been limited. Recently, the application of more refined animal models combined with global omics approaches has yielded important new insights both in terms of disease mechanisms and potential for therapeutic intervention. However, it is also becoming apparent that vEDS is a complex disorder in terms of its molecular disease mechanisms with a poorly understood allelic and mechanistic heterogeneity. In this brief review we will focus our attention on the disease mechanisms of COL3A1 mutations and vEDS, and recent progress in therapeutic approaches using animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramla Omar
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Fransiska Malfait
- Centre for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Tom Van Agtmael
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
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26
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McCaughey J, Stevenson NL, Mantell JM, Neal CR, Paterson A, Heesom K, Stephens DJ. A general role for TANGO1, encoded by MIA3, in secretory pathway organization and function. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:jcs259075. [PMID: 34350936 PMCID: PMC8524724 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Complex machinery is required to drive secretory cargo export from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), which is an essential process in eukaryotic cells. In vertebrates, the MIA3 gene encodes two major forms of transport and Golgi organization protein 1 (TANGO1S and TANGO1L), which have previously been implicated in selective trafficking of procollagen. Using genome engineering of human cells, light microscopy, secretion assays, genomics and proteomics, we show that disruption of the longer form, TANGO1L, results in relatively minor defects in secretory pathway organization and function, including having limited impacts on procollagen secretion. In contrast, loss of both long and short forms results in major defects in cell organization and secretion. These include a failure to maintain the localization of ERGIC53 (also known as LMAN1) and SURF4 to the ER-Golgi intermediate compartment and dramatic changes to the ultrastructure of the ER-Golgi interface. Disruption of TANGO1 causes significant changes in early secretory pathway gene and protein expression, and impairs secretion not only of large proteins, but of all types of secretory cargo, including small soluble proteins. Our data support a general role for MIA3/TANGO1 in maintaining secretory pathway structure and function in vertebrate cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine McCaughey
- Cell Biology Laboratories,
School of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University Walk,
University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD,
UK
| | - Nicola L. Stevenson
- Cell Biology Laboratories,
School of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University Walk,
University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD,
UK
| | - Judith M. Mantell
- Wolfson Bioimaging Facility, Faculty of Life
Sciences, University Walk, University of
Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD,
UK
| | - Chris R. Neal
- Wolfson Bioimaging Facility, Faculty of Life
Sciences, University Walk, University of
Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD,
UK
| | | | - Kate Heesom
- Proteomics Facility, Faculty of Life
Sciences, University Walk, University of
Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD,
UK
| | - David J. Stephens
- Cell Biology Laboratories,
School of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University Walk,
University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD,
UK
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27
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Al-Shaer A, Lyons A, Ishikawa Y, Hudson BG, Boudko SP, Forde NR. Sequence-dependent mechanics of collagen reflect its structural and functional organization. Biophys J 2021; 120:4013-4028. [PMID: 34390685 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2021.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular matrix mechanics influence diverse cellular functions, yet surprisingly little is known about the mechanical properties of their constituent collagen proteins. In particular, network-forming collagen IV, an integral component of basement membranes, has been far less studied than fibril-forming collagens. A key feature of collagen IV is the presence of interruptions in the triple-helix-defining (Gly-X-Y) sequence along its collagenous domain. Here, we used atomic force microscopy to determine the impact of sequence heterogeneity on the local flexibility of collagen IV and of the fibril-forming collagen III. Our extracted flexibility profile of collagen IV reveals that it possesses highly heterogeneous mechanics, ranging from semiflexible regions as found for fibril-forming collagens to a lengthy region of high flexibility toward its N-terminus. A simple model in which flexibility is dictated only by the presence of interruptions fit the extracted profile reasonably well, providing insight into the alignment of chains and demonstrating that interruptions, particularly when coinciding in multiple chains, significantly enhance local flexibility. To a lesser extent, sequence variations within the triple helix lead to variable flexibility, as seen along the continuously triple-helical collagen III. We found this fibril-forming collagen to possess a high-flexibility region around its matrix-metalloprotease binding site, suggesting a unique mechanical fingerprint of this region that is key for matrix remodeling. Surprisingly, proline content did not correlate with local flexibility in either collagen type. We also found that physiologically relevant changes in pH and chloride concentration did not alter the flexibility of collagen IV, indicating such environmental changes are unlikely to control its compaction during secretion. Although extracellular chloride ions play a role in triggering collagen IV network formation, they do not appear to modulate the structure of its collagenous domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa Al-Shaer
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Aaron Lyons
- Department of Physics, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Yoshihiro Ishikawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California
| | - Billy G Hudson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Nashville, Tennessee; Vanderbilt Center for Matrix Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Biochemistry, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Nashville, Tennessee; Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Sergei P Boudko
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Nashville, Tennessee; Vanderbilt Center for Matrix Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Biochemistry, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Nancy R Forde
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Physics, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Chemistry, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada; Centre for Cell Biology, Development and Disease, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada.
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28
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Wouters R, Michiels C, Sannerud R, Kleizen B, Dillen K, Vermeire W, Ayala AE, Demedts D, Schekman R, Annaert W. Assembly of γ-secretase occurs through stable dimers after exit from the endoplasmic reticulum. J Cell Biol 2021; 220:212501. [PMID: 34292306 PMCID: PMC8302450 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201911104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
γ-Secretase affects many physiological processes through targeting >100 substrates; malfunctioning links γ-secretase to cancer and Alzheimer’s disease. The spatiotemporal regulation of its stoichiometric assembly remains unresolved. Fractionation, biochemical assays, and imaging support prior formation of stable dimers in the ER, which, after ER exit, assemble into full complexes. In vitro ER budding shows that none of the subunits is required for the exit of others. However, knockout of any subunit leads to the accumulation of incomplete subcomplexes in COPII vesicles. Mutating a DPE motif in presenilin 1 (PSEN1) abrogates ER exit of PSEN1 and PEN-2 but not nicastrin. We explain this by the preferential sorting of PSEN1 and nicastrin through Sec24A and Sec24C/D, respectively, arguing against full assembly before ER exit. Thus, dimeric subcomplexes aided by Sec24 paralog selectivity support a stepwise assembly of γ-secretase, controlling final levels in post-Golgi compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosanne Wouters
- Laboratory for Membrane Trafficking, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie Center for Brain and Disease Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Neurosciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Christine Michiels
- Laboratory for Membrane Trafficking, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie Center for Brain and Disease Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Neurosciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ragna Sannerud
- Laboratory for Membrane Trafficking, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie Center for Brain and Disease Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Neurosciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bertrand Kleizen
- Cellular Protein Chemistry, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Katleen Dillen
- Laboratory for Membrane Trafficking, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie Center for Brain and Disease Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Neurosciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wendy Vermeire
- Laboratory for Membrane Trafficking, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie Center for Brain and Disease Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Neurosciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Abril Escamilla Ayala
- Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie BioImaging Core, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | - David Demedts
- Laboratory for Membrane Trafficking, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie Center for Brain and Disease Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Neurosciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Randy Schekman
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA
| | - Wim Annaert
- Laboratory for Membrane Trafficking, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie Center for Brain and Disease Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Neurosciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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29
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Raote I, Saxena S, Campelo F, Malhotra V. TANGO1 marshals the early secretory pathway for cargo export. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2021; 1863:183700. [PMID: 34293283 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2021.183700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
TANGO1 protein facilitates the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) export of large cargoes that cannot be accommodated in 60 nm transport vesicles. It assembles into a ring in the plane of the ER membrane to create a distinct domain. Its lumenal portion collects and sorts folded cargoes while its cytoplasmic domains collar COPII coats, recruit retrograde COPI-coated membranes that fuse within the TANGO1 ring, thus opening a tunnel for cargo transfer from the ER into a growing export conduit. This mode of cargo transfer bypasses the need for vesicular intermediates and is used to export the most abundant and bulky cargoes. The evolution of TANGO1 and its activities defines the difference between yeast and animal early secretory pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishier Raote
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona 08003, Spain.
| | - Sonashree Saxena
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Felix Campelo
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Vivek Malhotra
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona 08003, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona 08002, Spain; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona 08010, Spain.
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30
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Mitotic HOOK3 phosphorylation by ERK1c drives microtubule-dependent Golgi destabilization and fragmentation. iScience 2021; 24:102670. [PMID: 34189435 PMCID: PMC8215223 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
ERK1c is an alternatively spliced isoform of ERK1 that specifically regulates mitotic Golgi fragmentation, which allows division of the Golgi during mitosis. We have previously shown that ERK1c translocates to the Golgi during mitosis where it is activated by a resident MEK1b to induce Golgi fragmentation. However, the mechanism of ERK1c functions in the Golgi remained obscure. Here, we searched for ERK1c substrates and identified HOOK3 as a mediator of ERK1c-induced mitotic Golgi fragmentation, which requires a second phosphorylation by AuroraA for its function. In cycling cells, HOOK3 interacts with microtubules (MTs) and links them to the Golgi. Early in mitosis, HOOK3 is phosphorylated by ERK1c and later by AuroraA, resulting in HOOK3 detachment from the MTs, and elevated interaction with GM130. This detachment modulates Golgi stability and allows fragmentation of the Golgi. This study demonstrates a novel mechanism of Golgi apparatus destabilization early in mitosis to allow mitotic progression. HOOK3 is a Golgi fragmentation-related substrate of ERK1c ERK1c phosphorylates HOOK3 on Ser238 and then AuroraA phosphorylates Ser707 Doubly phosphorylated HOOK3 detaches from microtubules and interacts with GM130 These changes destabilize the Golgi during mitosis and induce its fragmentation
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31
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Onursal C, Dick E, Angelidis I, Schiller HB, Staab-Weijnitz CA. Collagen Biosynthesis, Processing, and Maturation in Lung Ageing. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:593874. [PMID: 34095157 PMCID: PMC8172798 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.593874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to providing a macromolecular scaffold, the extracellular matrix (ECM) is a critical regulator of cell function by virtue of specific physical, biochemical, and mechanical properties. Collagen is the main ECM component and hence plays an essential role in the pathogenesis and progression of chronic lung disease. It is well-established that many chronic lung diseases, e.g., chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) primarily manifest in the elderly, suggesting increased susceptibility of the aged lung or accumulated alterations in lung structure over time that favour disease. Here, we review the main steps of collagen biosynthesis, processing, and turnover and summarise what is currently known about alterations upon lung ageing, including changes in collagen composition, modification, and crosslinking. Recent proteomic data on mouse lung ageing indicates that, while the ER-resident machinery of collagen biosynthesis, modification and triple helix formation appears largely unchanged, there are specific changes in levels of type IV and type VI as well as the two fibril-associated collagens with interrupted triple helices (FACIT), namely type XIV and type XVI collagens. In addition, levels of the extracellular collagen crosslinking enzyme lysyl oxidase are decreased, indicating less enzymatically mediated collagen crosslinking upon ageing. The latter contrasts with the ageing-associated increase in collagen crosslinking by advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs), a result of spontaneous reactions of protein amino groups with reactive carbonyls, e.g., from monosaccharides or reactive dicarbonyls like methylglyoxal. Given the slow turnover of extracellular collagen such modifications accumulate even more in ageing tissues. In summary, the collective evidence points mainly toward age-induced alterations in collagen composition and drastic changes in the molecular nature of collagen crosslinks. Future work addressing the consequences of these changes may provide important clues for prevention of lung disease and for lung bioengineering and ultimately pave the way to novel targeted approaches in lung regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceylan Onursal
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz-Zentrum München, Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Dick
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz-Zentrum München, Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Ilias Angelidis
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz-Zentrum München, Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Herbert B Schiller
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz-Zentrum München, Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Claudia A Staab-Weijnitz
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz-Zentrum München, Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
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32
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Chakrabarti R, Lee M, Higgs HN. Multiple roles for actin in secretory and endocytic pathways. Curr Biol 2021; 31:R603-R618. [PMID: 34033793 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Actin filaments play multiple roles in the secretory pathway and in endosome dynamics in mammals, including maintenance of Golgi structure, release of membrane cargo from the trans-Golgi network (TGN), endocytosis, and endosomal sorting dynamics. In addition, TGN carrier transport and endocytosis both occur by multiple mechanisms in mammals. Actin likely plays a role in at least four mammalian endocytic pathways, five pathways for membrane release from the TGN, and three processes involving endosomes. Also, the mammalian Golgi structure is highly dynamic, and actin is likely important for these dynamics. One challenge for many of these processes is the need to deal with other membrane-associated structures, such as the cortical actin network at the plasma membrane or the matrix that surrounds the Golgi. Arp2/3 complex is a major actin assembly factor in most of the processes mentioned, but roles for formins and tandem WH2-motif-containing assembly factors are being elucidated and are anticipated to grow with further study. The specific role for actin has not been defined for most of these processes, but is likely to involve the generation of force for membrane dynamics, either by actin polymerization itself or by myosin motor activity. Defining these processes mechanistically is necessary for understanding membrane dynamics in general, as well as pathways that utilize these processes, such as autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajarshi Chakrabarti
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Miriam Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Henry N Higgs
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA.
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33
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Albacete-Albacete L, Sánchez-Álvarez M, Del Pozo MA. Extracellular Vesicles: An Emerging Mechanism Governing the Secretion and Biological Roles of Tenascin-C. Front Immunol 2021; 12:671485. [PMID: 33981316 PMCID: PMC8107694 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.671485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
ECM composition and architecture are tightly regulated for tissue homeostasis. Different disorders have been associated to alterations in the levels of proteins such as collagens, fibronectin (FN) or tenascin-C (TnC). TnC emerges as a key regulator of multiple inflammatory processes, both during physiological tissue repair as well as pathological conditions ranging from tumor progression to cardiovascular disease. Importantly, our current understanding as to how TnC and other non-collagen ECM components are secreted has remained elusive. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small membrane-bound particles released to the extracellular space by most cell types, playing a key role in cell-cell communication. A broad range of cellular components can be transported by EVs (e.g. nucleic acids, lipids, signalling molecules and proteins). These cargoes can be transferred to target cells, potentially modulating their function. Recently, several extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins have been characterized as bona fide EV cargoes, exosomal secretion being particularly critical for TnC. EV-dependent ECM secretion might underpin diseases where ECM integrity is altered, establishing novel concepts in the field such as ECM nucleation over long distances, and highlighting novel opportunities for diagnostics and therapeutic intervention. Here, we review recent findings and standing questions on the molecular mechanisms governing EV–dependent ECM secretion and its potential relevance for disease, with a focus on TnC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Albacete-Albacete
- Mechanoadaptation and Caveolae Biology Lab, Area of Cell and Developmental Biology, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Sánchez-Álvarez
- Mechanoadaptation and Caveolae Biology Lab, Area of Cell and Developmental Biology, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Angel Del Pozo
- Mechanoadaptation and Caveolae Biology Lab, Area of Cell and Developmental Biology, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
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34
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Assembly and Cellular Exit of Coronaviruses: Hijacking an Unconventional Secretory Pathway from the Pre-Golgi Intermediate Compartment via the Golgi Ribbon to the Extracellular Space. Cells 2021; 10:cells10030503. [PMID: 33652973 PMCID: PMC7996754 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronaviruses (CoVs) assemble by budding into the lumen of the intermediate compartment (IC) at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-Golgi interface. However, why CoVs have chosen the IC as their intracellular site of assembly and how progeny viruses are delivered from this compartment to the extracellular space has remained unclear. Here we address these enigmatic late events of the CoV life cycle in light of recently described properties of the IC. Of particular interest are the emerging spatial and functional connections between IC elements and recycling endosomes (REs), defined by the GTPases Rab1 and Rab11, respectively. The establishment of IC-RE links at the cell periphery, around the centrosome and evidently also at the noncompact zones of the Golgi ribbon indicates that—besides traditional ER-Golgi communication—the IC also promotes a secretory process that bypasses the Golgi stacks, but involves its direct connection with the endocytic recycling system. The initial confinement of CoVs to the lumen of IC-derived large transport carriers and their preferential absence from Golgi stacks is consistent with the idea that they exit cells following such an unconventional route. In fact, CoVs may share this pathway with other intracellularly budding viruses, lipoproteins, procollagen, and/or protein aggregates experimentally introduced into the IC lumen.
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35
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Abstract
The functions of coat protein complex II (COPII) coats in cargo packaging and the creation of vesicles at the endoplasmic reticulum are conserved in eukaryotic protein secretion. Standard COPII vesicles, however, cannot handle the secretion of metazoan-specific cargoes such as procollagens, apolipoproteins, and mucins. Metazoans have thus evolved modules centered on proteins like TANGO1 (transport and Golgi organization 1) to engage COPII coats and early secretory pathway membranes to engineer a novel mode of cargo export at the endoplasmic reticulum.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Raote
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona 08003, Spain; ,
| | - V Malhotra
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona 08003, Spain; , .,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona 08002, Spain.,Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona 08010, Spain
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36
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Clark EM, Link BA. Complementary and divergent functions of zebrafish Tango1 and Ctage5 in tissue development and homeostasis. Mol Biol Cell 2021; 32:391-401. [PMID: 33439675 PMCID: PMC8098853 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e20-11-0745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Coat protein complex II (COPII) factors mediate cargo export from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), but bulky collagens and lipoproteins are too large for traditional COPII vesicles. Mammalian CTAGE5 and TANGO1 have been well characterized individually as specialized cargo receptors at the ER that function with COPII coats to facilitate trafficking of bulky cargoes. Here, we present a genetic interaction study in zebrafish of deletions in ctage5, tango1, or both to investigate their distinct and complementary potential functions. We found that Ctage5 and Tango1 have different roles related to organogenesis, collagen versus lipoprotein trafficking, stress-pathway activation, and survival. While disruption of both ctage5 and tango1 compounded phenotype severity, mutation of either factor alone revealed novel tissue-specific defects in the building of heart, muscle, lens, and intestine, in addition to previously described roles in the development of neural and cartilage tissues. Together, our results demonstrate that Ctage5 and Tango1 have overlapping functions, but also suggest divergent roles in tissue development and homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric M Clark
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226
| | - Brian A Link
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226
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37
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Zhou L, Liu Z, Chen S, Qiu J, Li Q, Wang S, Zhou W, Chen D, Yang G, Guo L. Transcription factor EB‑mediated autophagy promotes dermal fibroblast differentiation and collagen production by regulating endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy‑dependent secretion. Int J Mol Med 2020; 47:547-560. [PMID: 33416091 PMCID: PMC7797452 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2020.4814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is reported to be involved in the formation of skin hypertrophic scar (HTS). However, the role of autophagy in the process of fibrosis remains unclear, therefore an improved understanding of the molecular mechanisms associated with autophagy may accelerate the development of effective therapeutic strategies against HTS. The present study evaluated the roles of autophagy mediated by transcription factor EB (TFEB), a pivotal regulator of lysosome biogenesis and autophagy, in transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)-induced fibroblast differentiation and collagen production. Fibroblasts were treated with TGF-β1, TGF-β1 + tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) or TGF-β1 + TFEB-small interfering RNA (siRNA). TGF-β1 induced phenotypic transformation of fibro-blasts, as well as collagen synthesis and secretion in fibroblasts in a dose-dependent manner. Western blotting and immuno-fluorescence analyses demonstrated that TGF-β1 upregulated the expression of autophagy-related proteins through the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress pathway, whereas TUDCA reversed TGF-β1-induced changes. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), western blotting and RFP-GFP-LC3 double fluorescence analyses demonstrated that knockdown of TFEB by TFEB-siRNA decreased autophagic flux, upregulated the expression of proteins involved in the apoptotic pathway, such as phosphorylated-α subunit of eukaryotic initiation factor 2, C/EBP homologous protein and cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase 3, and also downregulated the expression of α-smooth muscle actin and collagen I (COL I) in fibroblasts. Immunofluorescence confocal analyses and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay indicated that TGF-β1 increased the colocalization of COL I with lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1 and Ras-related protein Rab-8A, a marker of secretory vesicles, in fibroblasts, as well as the secretion of pro-COL Iα1 in culture supernatants. Meanwhile, these effects were abolished by TFEB knockdown. The present results suggested that autophagy reduced ER stress, decreased cell apoptosis and maintained fibroblast activation not only through degradation of misfolded or unfolded proteins, but also through promotion of COL I release from the autolysosome to the extracellular environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhou
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Zeming Liu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Sichao Chen
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Jing Qiu
- Department of Geriatrics, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, P.R. China
| | - Qianqian Li
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Shipei Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Danyang Chen
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Guang Yang
- Department of Geriatrics, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, P.R. China
| | - Liang Guo
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
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38
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Raote I, Chabanon M, Walani N, Arroyo M, Garcia-Parajo MF, Malhotra V, Campelo F. A physical mechanism of TANGO1-mediated bulky cargo export. eLife 2020; 9:e59426. [PMID: 33169667 PMCID: PMC7704110 DOI: 10.7554/elife.59426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident protein TANGO1 assembles into a ring around ER exit sites (ERES), and links procollagens in the ER lumen to COPII machinery, tethers, and ER-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC) in the cytoplasm (Raote et al., 2018). Here, we present a theoretical approach to investigate the physical mechanisms of TANGO1 ring assembly and how COPII polymerization, membrane tension, and force facilitate the formation of a transport intermediate for procollagen export. Our results indicate that a TANGO1 ring, by acting as a linactant, stabilizes the open neck of a nascent COPII bud. Elongation of such a bud into a transport intermediate commensurate with bulky procollagens is then facilitated by two complementary mechanisms: (i) by relieving membrane tension, possibly by TANGO1-mediated fusion of retrograde ERGIC membranes and (ii) by force application. Altogether, our theoretical approach identifies key biophysical events in TANGO1-driven procollagen export.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishier Raote
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and TechnologyBarcelonaSpain
| | - Morgan Chabanon
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and TechnologyBarcelonaSpain
- Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya-BarcelonaTechBarcelonaSpain
| | - Nikhil Walani
- Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya-BarcelonaTechBarcelonaSpain
| | - Marino Arroyo
- Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya-BarcelonaTechBarcelonaSpain
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, The Barcelona Institute of Science and TechnologyBarcelonaSpain
- Centre Internacional de Mètodes Numèrics en Enginyeria (CIMNE)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Maria F Garcia-Parajo
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and TechnologyBarcelonaSpain
- ICREABarcelonaSpain
| | - Vivek Malhotra
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and TechnologyBarcelonaSpain
- ICREABarcelonaSpain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Felix Campelo
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and TechnologyBarcelonaSpain
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39
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Omari S, Makareeva E, Gorrell L, Jarnik M, Lippincott-Schwartz J, Leikin S. Mechanisms of procollagen and HSP47 sorting during ER-to-Golgi trafficking. Matrix Biol 2020; 93:79-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2020.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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40
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Phuyal S, Baschieri F. Endomembranes: Unsung Heroes of Mechanobiology? Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:597721. [PMID: 33195167 PMCID: PMC7642594 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.597721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanical stimuli have profound effects on the cellular architecture and functions. Over the past two decades, considerable progress has been made in unraveling the molecular machineries that confer cells the ability to sense and transduce mechanical input into biochemical signals. This has resulted in the identification of several force-sensing proteins or mechanically activated ion channels distributed throughout most cell types, whereby the plasma membrane, cytoskeleton, and the nucleus have garnered much attention. Although organelles from the endomembrane system make up significant portion of cell volume and play pivotal roles in the spatiotemporal distribution of signaling molecules, they have received surprisingly little attention in mechanobiology. In this mini-review, we summarize results that document participation of the endomembrane system in sensing and responding to mechanical cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Phuyal
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Francesco Baschieri
- Inserm U1279, Gustave Roussy Institute, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
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41
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Cohen JD, Sundaram MV. C. elegans Apical Extracellular Matrices Shape Epithelia. J Dev Biol 2020; 8:E23. [PMID: 33036165 PMCID: PMC7712855 DOI: 10.3390/jdb8040023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Apical extracellular matrices (aECMs) coat exposed surfaces of epithelia to shape developing tissues and protect them from environmental insults. Despite their widespread importance for human health, aECMs are poorly understood compared to basal and stromal ECMs. The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans contains a variety of distinct aECMs, some of which share many of the same types of components (lipids, lipoproteins, collagens, zona pellucida domain proteins, chondroitin glycosaminoglycans and proteoglycans) with mammalian aECMs. These aECMs include the eggshell, a glycocalyx-like pre-cuticle, both collagenous and chitin-based cuticles, and other understudied aECMs of internal epithelia. C. elegans allows rapid genetic manipulations and live imaging of fluorescently-tagged aECM components, and is therefore providing new insights into aECM structure, trafficking, assembly, and functions in tissue shaping.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Meera V. Sundaram
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine 415 Curie Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6145, USA;
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42
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Raote I, Ernst AM, Campelo F, Rothman JE, Pincet F, Malhotra V. TANGO1 membrane helices create a lipid diffusion barrier at curved membranes. eLife 2020; 9:57822. [PMID: 32452385 PMCID: PMC7266638 DOI: 10.7554/elife.57822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously shown TANGO1 organises membranes at the interface of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and ERGIC/Golgi (Raote et al., 2018). TANGO1 corrals retrograde membranes at ER exit sites to create an export conduit. Here the retrograde membrane is, in itself, an anterograde carrier. This mode of forward transport necessitates a mechanism to prevent membrane mixing between ER and the retrograde membrane. TANGO1 has an unusual membrane helix organisation, composed of one membrane-spanning helix (TM) and another that penetrates the inner leaflet (IM). We have reconstituted these membrane helices in model membranes and shown that TM and IM together reduce the flow of lipids at a region of defined shape. We have also shown that the helices align TANGO1 around an ER exit site. We suggest this is a mechanism to prevent membrane mixing during TANGO1-mediated transfer of bulky secretory cargos from the ER to the ERGIC/Golgi via a tunnel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishier Raote
- Centre for Genomic Regulation, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andreas M Ernst
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, United States
| | - Felix Campelo
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels, Spain
| | - James E Rothman
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, United States
| | - Frederic Pincet
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, United States.,Laboratoire de Physique de l'Ecole normale supérieure, ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Vivek Malhotra
- Centre for Genomic Regulation, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.,Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Spain
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43
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Stalder D, Gershlick DC. Direct trafficking pathways from the Golgi apparatus to the plasma membrane. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2020; 107:112-125. [PMID: 32317144 PMCID: PMC7152905 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In eukaryotic cells, protein sorting is a highly regulated mechanism important for many physiological events. After synthesis in the endoplasmic reticulum and trafficking to the Golgi apparatus, proteins sort to many different cellular destinations including the endolysosomal system and the extracellular space. Secreted proteins need to be delivered directly to the cell surface. Sorting of secreted proteins from the Golgi apparatus has been a topic of interest for over thirty years, yet there is still no clear understanding of the machinery that forms the post-Golgi carriers. Most evidence points to these post-Golgi carriers being tubular pleomorphic structures that bud from the trans-face of the Golgi. In this review, we present the background studies and highlight the key components of this pathway, we then discuss the machinery implicated in the formation of these carriers, their translocation across the cytosol, and their fusion at the plasma membrane.
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Key Words
- ATP, adenosine triphosphate
- BFA, Brefeldin A
- CARTS, CARriers of the TGN to the cell Surface
- CI-MPR, cation-independent mannose-6 phosphate receptor
- Constitutive Secretion
- CtBP3/BARS, C-terminus binding protein 3/BFA adenosine diphosphate–ribosylated substrate
- ER, endoplasmic reticulum
- GPI-anchored proteins, glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins
- GlcCer, glucosylceramidetol
- Golgi to plasma membrane sorting
- PAUF, pancreatic adenocarcinoma up-regulated factor
- PKD, Protein Kinase D
- RUSH, retention using selective hooks
- SBP, streptavidin-binding peptide
- SM, sphingomyelin
- SNARE, soluble N-ethylmaleimide sensitive fusion protein attachment protein receptor
- SPCA1, secretory pathway calcium ATPase 1
- Secretion
- TGN, trans-Golgi Network
- TIRF, total internal reflection fluorescence
- VSV, vesicular stomatitis virus
- pleomorphic tubular carriers
- post-Golgi carriers
- ts, temperature sensitive
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Affiliation(s)
- Danièle Stalder
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - David C Gershlick
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
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Wang P, Kou D, Le W. Roles of VMP1 in Autophagy and ER-Membrane Contact: Potential Implications in Neurodegenerative Disorders. Front Mol Neurosci 2020; 13:42. [PMID: 32296305 PMCID: PMC7137732 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.00042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular communication processes are highly dynamic and mediated, at least in part, by contacts between various membrane structures. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER), the major biosynthetic organelle of the cell, establishes an extensive network with other membrane structures to regulate the transport of intracellular molecules. Vacuole membrane protein 1 (VMP1), an ER-localized metazoan-specific protein, plays important roles in the formation of autophagosomes and communication between the ER and other organelles, including mitochondria, autophagosome precursor membranes, Golgi, lipid droplets, and endosomes. Increasing evidence has indicated that autophagy and ER–membrane communication at membrane contact sites are closely related to neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. In this review, we summarize the roles of VMP1 in autophagy and ER–membrane contacts and discuss their potential implications in neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Wang
- Liaoning Provincial Center for Clinical Research on Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Daqing Kou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Weidong Le
- Liaoning Provincial Center for Clinical Research on Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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