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Shakour ZT, Shehab NG, Gomaa AS, Wessjohann LA, Farag MA. Metabolic and biotransformation effects on dietary glucosinolates, their bioavailability, catabolism and biological effects in different organisms. Biotechnol Adv 2021; 54:107784. [PMID: 34102260 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Glucosinolate-producing plants have long been recognized for both their distinctive benefits to human nutrition and their resistance traits against pathogens and herbivores. Despite the accumulation of glucosinolates (GLS) in plants is associated with their resistance to various biotic and abiotic stresses, the defensive and biological activities of GLS are commonly conveyed by their metabolic products. In view of this, metabolism is considered the driving factor upon the interactions of GLS-producing plants with other organisms, also influenced by plant and plant attacking or digesting organism characteristics. Several microbial pathogens and insects have evolved the capacity to detoxify GLS-hydrolysis products or inhibit their formation via different means, highlighting the relevance of their metabolic abilities for the plants' defense system activation and target organism detoxification. Strikingly, some bacteria, fungi and insects can likewise produce their own myrosinase (MYR)-like enzymes in one of the most important adaptation strategies against the GLS-MYR plant defense system. Knowledge of GLS metabolic pathways in herbivores and pathogens can impact plant protection efforts and may be harnessed upon for genetically modified plants that are more resistant to predators. In humans, the interest in the implementation of GLS in diets for the prevention of chronic diseases has grown substantially. However, the efficiency of such approaches is dependent on GLS bioavailability and metabolism, which largely involves the human gut microbiome. Among GLS-hydrolytic products, isothiocyanates (ITC) have shown exceptional properties as chemical plant defense agents against herbivores and pathogens, along with their health-promoting benefits in humans, at least if consumed in reasonable amounts. Deciphering GLS metabolic pathways provides critical information for catalyzing all types of GLS towards the generation of ITCs as the biologically most active metabolites. This review provides an overview on contrasting metabolic pathways in plants, bacteria, fungi, insects and humans towards GLS activation or detoxification. Further, suggestions for the preparation of GLS containing plants with improved health benefits are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab T Shakour
- Laboratory of Phytochemistry, National Organization for Drug Control and Research, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Naglaa G Shehab
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Natural Products, Dubai Pharmacy College, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ahmed S Gomaa
- Faculty of Graduate Studies for Statistical Research, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ludger A Wessjohann
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Mohamed A Farag
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt; Chemistry Department, School of Sciences & Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo, Egypt.
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One-step eantioselective bioresolution for (S)-2-chlorophenylglycine methyl ester catalyzed by the immobilized Protease 6SD on multi-walled carbon nanotubes in a triphasic system. J Biotechnol 2020; 325:294-302. [PMID: 33039550 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2020.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
(S)-2-chlorophenylglycine methyl ester ((S)-1) is a key chiral building block of clopidogrel, which is a widely administered antiaggregatory and antithrombotic drug. Herein, Protease 6SD was covalently immobilized on multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT), and the as-prepared immobilizate P-6SD@NH2-MWCNT was applied in the enantioselective resolution of (R,S)-1 to yield (S)-1. In order to overcome the poor solubility of (R,S)-1 in aqueous solution, a novel triphasic reaction system constituting P-6SD@NH2-MWCNT, aqueous phase and methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) as the organic phase was constructed, which simultaneously improved the substrate solubility and the immobilizate recyclability. Under the optimized reaction conditions, P-6SD@NH2-MWCNT catalyzed 10 mM (R,S)-1 for 2 h, yielding optically pure (S)-1 (>99.0 % ees) with 70.74 % conversion of the (R,S)-1. Moreover, P-6SD@NH2-MWCNT can be reused for 15 batches, displaying an exquisite recycling performance. It is for the first time that enantiomerically pure (S)-1 was successfully synthesized by protease-catalyzed one-step resolution.
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Busch H, Hagedoorn PL, Hanefeld U. Rhodococcus as A Versatile Biocatalyst in Organic Synthesis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E4787. [PMID: 31561555 PMCID: PMC6801914 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The application of purified enzymes as well as whole-cell biocatalysts in synthetic organic chemistry is becoming more and more popular, and both academia and industry are keen on finding and developing novel enzymes capable of performing otherwise impossible or challenging reactions. The diverse genus Rhodococcus offers a multitude of promising enzymes, which therefore makes it one of the key bacterial hosts in many areas of research. This review focused on the broad utilization potential of the genus Rhodococcus in organic chemistry, thereby particularly highlighting the specific enzyme classes exploited and the reactions they catalyze. Additionally, close attention was paid to the substrate scope that each enzyme class covers. Overall, a comprehensive overview of the applicability of the genus Rhodococcus is provided, which puts this versatile microorganism in the spotlight of further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Busch
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - Peter-Leon Hagedoorn
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - Ulf Hanefeld
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands.
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Almeida JM, Martini VP, Iulek J, Alnoch RC, Moure VR, Müller-Santos M, Souza EM, Mitchell DA, Krieger N. Biochemical characterization and application of a new lipase and its cognate foldase obtained from a metagenomic library derived from fat-contaminated soil. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 137:442-454. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.06.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Anteneh YS, Franco CMM. Whole Cell Actinobacteria as Biocatalysts. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:77. [PMID: 30833932 PMCID: PMC6387938 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Production of fuels, therapeutic drugs, chemicals, and biomaterials using sustainable biological processes have received renewed attention due to increasing environmental concerns. Despite having high industrial output, most of the current chemical processes are associated with environmentally undesirable by-products which escalate the cost of downstream processing. Compared to chemical processes, whole cell biocatalysts offer several advantages including high selectivity, catalytic efficiency, milder operational conditions and low impact on the environment, making this approach the current choice for synthesis and manufacturing of different industrial products. In this review, we present the application of whole cell actinobacteria for the synthesis of biologically active compounds, biofuel production and conversion of harmful compounds to less toxic by-products. Actinobacteria alone are responsible for the production of nearly half of the documented biologically active metabolites and many enzymes; with the involvement of various species of whole cell actinobacteria such as Rhodococcus, Streptomyces, Nocardia and Corynebacterium for the production of useful industrial commodities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yitayal Shiferaw Anteneh
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Medical Biotechnology, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
- Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Medicine, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Narbad A, Rossiter JT. Gut Glucosinolate Metabolism and Isothiocyanate Production. Mol Nutr Food Res 2018; 62:e1700991. [PMID: 29806736 PMCID: PMC6767122 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201700991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The glucosinolate-myrosinase system in plants has been well studied over the years while relatively little research has been undertaken on the bacterial metabolism of glucosinolates. The products of myrosinase-based glucosinolate hydrolysis in the human gut are important to health, particularly the isothiocyanates, as they are shown to have anticancer properties as well as other beneficial roles in human health. This review is concerned with the bacterial metabolism of glucosinolates but is not restricted to the human gut. Isothiocyanate production and nitrile formation are discussed together with the mechanisms of the formation of these compounds. Side chain modification of the methylsulfinylalkyl glucosinolates is reviewed and the implications for bioactivity of the resultant products are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjan Narbad
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Food Innovation and Health ISPNorwich Research ParkNorwichNorfolkNR4 7UAUK
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Waddell GL, Gilmer CR, Taylor NG, Reveral JRS, Forconi M, Fox JL. The eukaryotic enzyme Bds1 is an alkyl but not an aryl sulfohydrolase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 491:382-387. [PMID: 28720494 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.07.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The eukaryotic enzyme Bds1 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a metallo-β-lactamase-related enzyme evolutionarily originating from bacterial horizontal gene transfer that serves an unknown biological role. Previously, Bds1 was reported to be an alkyl and aryl sulfatase. However, we demonstrate here that Bds1 acts on primary alkyl sulfates (of 6-12 carbon atoms) but not the aryl sulfates p-nitrophenyl sulfate and p-nitrocatechol sulfate. The apparent catalytic rate constant for hydrolysis of the substrate 1-hexyl sulfate by Bds1 is over 100 times lower than that of the reaction catalyzed by its bacterial homolog SdsA1. We show that Bds1 shares a catalytic mechanism with SdsA1 in which the carbon atom of the sulfate ester is the subject of nucleophilic attack, rather than the sulfur atom, resulting in C-O bond lysis. In contrast to SdsA1 and another bacterial homolog with selectivity for secondary alkyl sulfates named Pisa1, Bds1 does not show any substantial activity towards secondary alkyl sulfates. Neither Bds1 nor SdsA1 have any significant activity towards a branched primary alkyl sulfate, primary and secondary steroid sulfates, or phosphate diesters. Therefore, the enzymes homologous to SdsA1 that have been identified and characterized thus far vary in their selectivity towards primary and secondary alkyl sulfates but do not exhibit aryl sulfatase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace L Waddell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Charleston, 66 George St., Charleston, SC, USA 29424
| | - Caroline R Gilmer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Charleston, 66 George St., Charleston, SC, USA 29424
| | - Nicholas G Taylor
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Charleston, 66 George St., Charleston, SC, USA 29424
| | - John Randolf S Reveral
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Charleston, 66 George St., Charleston, SC, USA 29424
| | - Marcello Forconi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Charleston, 66 George St., Charleston, SC, USA 29424.
| | - Jennifer L Fox
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Charleston, 66 George St., Charleston, SC, USA 29424.
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Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is a prevalent problem in public health worldwide. In general, the carbapenem β-lactam antibiotics are considered a final resort against lethal infections by multidrug-resistant bacteria. Colistin is a cationic polypeptide antibiotic and acts as the last line of defense for treatment of carbapenem-resistant bacteria. Very recently, a new plasmid-borne colistin resistance gene, mcr-2, was revealed soon after the discovery of the paradigm gene mcr-1, which has disseminated globally. However, the molecular mechanisms for MCR-2 colistin resistance are poorly understood. Here we show a unique transposon unit that facilitates the acquisition and transfer of mcr-2 Evolutionary analyses suggested that both MCR-2 and MCR-1 might be traced to their cousin phosphoethanolamine (PEA) lipid A transferase from a known polymyxin producer, Paenibacillus Transcriptional analyses showed that the level of mcr-2 transcripts is relatively higher than that of mcr-1 Genetic deletions revealed that the transmembrane regions (TM1 and TM2) of both MCR-1 and MCR-2 are critical for their location and function in bacterial periplasm, and domain swapping indicated that the TM2 is more efficient than TM1. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) confirmed that all four MCR proteins (MCR-1, MCR-2, and two chimeric versions [TM1-MCR-2 and TM2-MCR-1]) can catalyze chemical modification of lipid A moiety anchored on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) with the addition of phosphoethanolamine to the phosphate group at the 4' position of the sugar. Structure-guided site-directed mutagenesis defined an essential 6-residue-requiring zinc-binding/catalytic motif for MCR-2 colistin resistance. The results further our mechanistic understanding of transferable colistin resistance, providing clues to improve clinical therapeutics targeting severe infections by MCR-2-containing pathogens.IMPORTANCE Carbapenem and colistin are the last line of refuge in fighting multidrug-resistant Gram-negative pathogens. MCR-2 is a newly emerging variant of the mobilized colistin resistance protein MCR-1, posing a potential challenge to public health. Here we report transfer of the mcr-2 gene by a unique transposal event and its possible origin. Distribution of MCR-2 in bacterial periplasm is proposed to be a prerequisite for its role in the context of biochemistry and the colistin resistance. We also define the genetic requirement of a zinc-binding/catalytic motif for MCR-2 colistin resistance. This represents a glimpse of transferable colistin resistance by MCR-2.
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Sodium lauryl ether sulfate (SLES) degradation by nitrate-reducing bacteria. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 101:5163-5173. [PMID: 28299401 PMCID: PMC5486822 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-017-8212-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The surfactant sodium lauryl ether sulfate (SLES) is widely used in the composition of detergents and frequently ends up in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). While aerobic SLES degradation is well studied, little is known about the fate of this compound in anoxic environments, such as denitrification tanks of WWTPs, nor about the bacteria involved in the anoxic biodegradation. Here, we used SLES as sole carbon and energy source, at concentrations ranging from 50 to 1000 mg L−1, to enrich and isolate nitrate-reducing bacteria from activated sludge of a WWTP with the anaerobic-anoxic-oxic (A2/O) concept. In the 50 mg L−1 enrichment, Comamonas (50%), Pseudomonas (24%), and Alicycliphilus (12%) were present at higher relative abundance, while Pseudomonas (53%) became dominant in the 1000 mg L−1 enrichment. Aeromonas hydrophila strain S7, Pseudomonas stutzeri strain S8, and Pseudomonas nitroreducens strain S11 were isolated from the enriched cultures. Under denitrifying conditions, strains S8 and S11 degraded 500 mg L−1 SLES in less than 1 day, while strain S7 required more than 6 days. Strains S8 and S11 also showed a remarkable resistance to SLES, being able to grow and reduce nitrate with SLES concentrations up to 40 g L−1. Strain S11 turned out to be the best anoxic SLES degrader, degrading up to 41% of 500 mg L−1. The comparison between SLES anoxic and oxic degradation by strain S11 revealed differences in SLES cleavage, degradation, and sulfate accumulation; both ester and ether cleavage were probably employed in SLES anoxic degradation by strain S11.
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Gao R, Hu Y, Li Z, Sun J, Wang Q, Lin J, Ye H, Liu F, Srinivas S, Li D, Zhu B, Liu YH, Tian GB, Feng Y. Dissemination and Mechanism for the MCR-1 Colistin Resistance. PLoS Pathog 2016; 12:e1005957. [PMID: 27893854 PMCID: PMC5125707 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymyxins are the last line of defense against lethal infections caused by multidrug resistant Gram-negative pathogens. Very recently, the use of polymyxins has been greatly challenged by the emergence of the plasmid-borne mobile colistin resistance gene (mcr-1). However, the mechanistic aspects of the MCR-1 colistin resistance are still poorly understood. Here we report the comparative genomics of two new mcr-1-harbouring plasmids isolated from the human gut microbiota, highlighting the diversity in plasmid transfer of the mcr-1 gene. Further genetic dissection delineated that both the trans-membrane region and a substrate-binding motif are required for the MCR-1-mediated colistin resistance. The soluble form of the membrane protein MCR-1 was successfully prepared and verified. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that MCR-1 is highly homologous to its counterpart PEA lipid A transferase in Paenibacili, a known producer of polymyxins. The fact that the plasmid-borne MCR-1 is placed in a subclade neighboring the chromosome-encoded colistin-resistant Neisseria LptA (EptA) potentially implies parallel evolutionary paths for the two genes. In conclusion, our finding provids a first glimpse of mechanism for the MCR-1-mediated colistin resistance. Colistin is an ultimate line of refuge against fatal infections by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative pathogens. The plasmid-mediated transfer of the mobile colistin resistance gene (mcr-1) represents a novel mechanism for antibacterial drug resistance, and also poses new threats to public health. However, the mechanistic aspects of the MCR-1 colistin resistance are not fully understood. Here we report comparative genomics of two new mcr-1-harbouring plasmids isolated from the human gut microbiota. Genetic studies determined that both the transmembrane region and a substrate-binding motif are essential for its function. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that MCR-1 is highly homologous to the PEA lipid A transferase in Paenibacillus, a known producer of polymyxins. The fact that the plasmid-borne MCR-1 is placed in a subclade neighboring the chromosome-encoded colistin-resistant Neisseria LptA potentially implies parallel evolutionary paths for the two genes. Our results reveal mechanistic insights into the MCR-1-mediated colistin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongsui Gao
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yongfei Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhencui Li
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jian Sun
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingjing Wang
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jingxia Lin
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huiyan Ye
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fei Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Swaminath Srinivas
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Defeng Li
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Baoli Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ya-Hong Liu
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guo-Bao Tian
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Youjun Feng
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- * E-mail:
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He YC, Liu F, Zhang DP, Gao S, Li ZQ, Tao ZC, Ma CL. Biotransformation of 1,3-Propanediol Cyclic Sulfate and Its Derivatives to Diols by Toluene-Permeabilized Cells of Bacillus sp. CCZU11-1. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2014; 175:2647-58. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-014-1457-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Biotransformation of 1,3-propanediol cyclic sulfate and its derivatives to diols by Rhodococcus sp. Biotechnol Lett 2014; 37:183-8. [PMID: 25214230 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-014-1670-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Rhodococcus sp. CGMCC 4911 transformed 1,3-propanediol cyclic sulfate (1,3-PDS) and its derivatives into corresponding diols. Ethylene sulfate, glycol sulfide, 1,3-PDS, and 1,2-propanediol cyclic sulfate were effectively hydrolyzed with growing cells. (R)-1,2-Propanediol (>99 % e.e.) was obtained at 44 % yield with growing cells. Glycol sulfide, ethylene sulfate, and 1,3-PDS were converted into the corresponding diols at 94.6, 96.3, and 98.3 %, respectively. Optimal reaction conditions with lyophilized resting cells were 30 °C, pH 7.5, and cell dosage 17.9 mg cell dry wt/ml. 1,3-Propanediol was obtained from 50 mM 1,3-PDS at 97.2 % yield by lyophilized cells after 16 h. Lyophilized cells were entrapped in calcium alginate with a half-life of 263 h at 30 °C, and the total operational time of the immobilized biocatalysts could reach over 192 h with a high conversion rate.
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Toesch M, Schober M, Faber K. Microbial alkyl- and aryl-sulfatases: mechanism, occurrence, screening and stereoselectivities. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 98:1485-96. [PMID: 24352732 PMCID: PMC3920027 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-013-5438-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2013] [Revised: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
This review gives an overview on the occurrence of sulfatases in Prokaryota, Eukaryota and Archaea. The mechanism of enzymes acting with retention or inversion of configuration during sulfate ester hydrolysis is discussed taking two complementary examples. Methods for the discovery of novel alkyl sulfatases are described by way of sequence-based search and enzyme induction. A comprehensive list of organisms with their respective substrate scope regarding prim- and sec-alkyl sulfate esters allows to assess the capabilities and limitations of various biocatalysts employed as whole cell systems or as purified enzymes with respect to their activities and enantioselectivities. Methods for immobilization and selectivity enhancement by addition of metal ions or organic (co)solvents are summarised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Toesch
- Department of Chemistry, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Markus Schober
- Department of Chemistry, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Kurt Faber
- Department of Chemistry, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
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From genome mining to phenotypic microarrays: Planctomycetes as source for novel bioactive molecules. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2013; 104:551-67. [PMID: 23982431 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-013-0007-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Most members of the phylum Planctomycetes share many unusual traits that are unique for bacteria, since they divide independent of FtsZ through asymmetric budding, possess a complex life cycle and comprise a compartmentalized cell plan. Besides their complex cell biological features Planctomycetes are environmentally important and play major roles in global matter fluxes. Such features have been successfully employed in biotechnological applications such as the anaerobic oxidation of ammonium in wastewater treatment plants or the utilization of enzymes for biotechnological processes. However, little is known about planctomycetal secondary metabolites. This is surprising as Planctomycetes have several key features in common with known producers of small bioactive molecules such as Streptomycetes or Myxobacteria: a complex life style and large genome sizes. Planctomycetal genomes with an average size of 6.9 MB appear as tempting targets for drug discovery approaches. To enable the hunt for bioactive molecules from Planctomycetes, we performed a comprehensive genome mining approach employing the antiSMASH secondary metabolite identification pipeline and found 102 candidate genes or clusters within the analyzed 13 genomes. However, as most genes and operons related to secondary metabolite production are exclusively expressed under certain environmental conditions, we optimized Phenotype MicroArray protocols for Rhodopirellula baltica and Planctomyces limnophilus to allow high throughput screening of putative stimulating carbon sources. Our results point towards a previously postulated relationship of Planctomycetes with algae or plants, which secrete compounds that might serve as trigger to stimulate the secondary metabolite production in Planctomycetes. Thus, this study provides the necessary starting point to explore planctomycetal small molecules for drug development.
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Schober M, Faber K. Inverting hydrolases and their use in enantioconvergent biotransformations. Trends Biotechnol 2013; 31:468-78. [PMID: 23809848 PMCID: PMC3725421 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2013.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Revised: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Enantioconvergent processes overcome the 50%-yield limits of kinetic resolution. Inverting enzymes are key catalysts for enantioconvergent processes. Enzyme engineering provided improved variants of inverting enzymes.
Owing to the more abundant occurrence of racemic compounds compared to prochiral or meso forms, most enantiomerically pure products are obtained via racemate resolution. This review summarizes (chemo)enzymatic enantioconvergent processes based on the use of hydrolytic enzymes, which are able to invert a stereocenter during catalysis that can overcome the 50%-yield limitation of kinetic resolution. Recent developments are presented in the fields of inverting or retaining sulfatases, epoxide hydrolases and dehalogenases, which allow the production of secondary alcohols or vicinal diols at a 100% theoretical yield from a racemate via enantioconvergent processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Schober
- Department of Chemistry, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, A-8010 Graz, Austria
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Schober M, Toesch M, Knaus T, Strohmeier GA, van Loo B, Fuchs M, Hollfelder F, Macheroux P, Faber K. One-Pot Deracemization of sec-Alcohols: Enantioconvergent Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Alkyl Sulfates Using Stereocomplementary Sulfatases. ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2013; 125:3359-3361. [PMID: 25821253 PMCID: PMC4373141 DOI: 10.1002/ange.201209946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Revised: 01/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Markus Schober
- M. Schober, M. Toesch, Dr. M. Fuchs, Prof. K. Faber Department of Chemistry, Organic & Bioorganic Chemistry, University of GrazHeinrichstrasse 28, 8010 Graz (Austria)
- Dr. T. Knaus, Prof. P. Macheroux Institute of Biochemistry, Graz University of Technology
- Dr. G. A. Strohmeier ACIB GmbH c/o Department of Organic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology
- Dr. B. van Loo, Prof. F. Hollfelder Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge
| | - Michael Toesch
- M. Schober, M. Toesch, Dr. M. Fuchs, Prof. K. Faber Department of Chemistry, Organic & Bioorganic Chemistry, University of GrazHeinrichstrasse 28, 8010 Graz (Austria)
- Dr. T. Knaus, Prof. P. Macheroux Institute of Biochemistry, Graz University of Technology
- Dr. G. A. Strohmeier ACIB GmbH c/o Department of Organic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology
- Dr. B. van Loo, Prof. F. Hollfelder Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge
| | - Tanja Knaus
- M. Schober, M. Toesch, Dr. M. Fuchs, Prof. K. Faber Department of Chemistry, Organic & Bioorganic Chemistry, University of GrazHeinrichstrasse 28, 8010 Graz (Austria)
- Dr. T. Knaus, Prof. P. Macheroux Institute of Biochemistry, Graz University of Technology
- Dr. G. A. Strohmeier ACIB GmbH c/o Department of Organic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology
- Dr. B. van Loo, Prof. F. Hollfelder Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge
| | - Gernot A Strohmeier
- M. Schober, M. Toesch, Dr. M. Fuchs, Prof. K. Faber Department of Chemistry, Organic & Bioorganic Chemistry, University of GrazHeinrichstrasse 28, 8010 Graz (Austria)
- Dr. T. Knaus, Prof. P. Macheroux Institute of Biochemistry, Graz University of Technology
- Dr. G. A. Strohmeier ACIB GmbH c/o Department of Organic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology
- Dr. B. van Loo, Prof. F. Hollfelder Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge
| | - Bert van Loo
- M. Schober, M. Toesch, Dr. M. Fuchs, Prof. K. Faber Department of Chemistry, Organic & Bioorganic Chemistry, University of GrazHeinrichstrasse 28, 8010 Graz (Austria)
- Dr. T. Knaus, Prof. P. Macheroux Institute of Biochemistry, Graz University of Technology
- Dr. G. A. Strohmeier ACIB GmbH c/o Department of Organic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology
- Dr. B. van Loo, Prof. F. Hollfelder Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge
| | - Michael Fuchs
- M. Schober, M. Toesch, Dr. M. Fuchs, Prof. K. Faber Department of Chemistry, Organic & Bioorganic Chemistry, University of GrazHeinrichstrasse 28, 8010 Graz (Austria)
- Dr. T. Knaus, Prof. P. Macheroux Institute of Biochemistry, Graz University of Technology
- Dr. G. A. Strohmeier ACIB GmbH c/o Department of Organic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology
- Dr. B. van Loo, Prof. F. Hollfelder Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge
| | - Florian Hollfelder
- M. Schober, M. Toesch, Dr. M. Fuchs, Prof. K. Faber Department of Chemistry, Organic & Bioorganic Chemistry, University of GrazHeinrichstrasse 28, 8010 Graz (Austria)
- Dr. T. Knaus, Prof. P. Macheroux Institute of Biochemistry, Graz University of Technology
- Dr. G. A. Strohmeier ACIB GmbH c/o Department of Organic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology
- Dr. B. van Loo, Prof. F. Hollfelder Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge
| | - Peter Macheroux
- M. Schober, M. Toesch, Dr. M. Fuchs, Prof. K. Faber Department of Chemistry, Organic & Bioorganic Chemistry, University of GrazHeinrichstrasse 28, 8010 Graz (Austria)
- Dr. T. Knaus, Prof. P. Macheroux Institute of Biochemistry, Graz University of Technology
- Dr. G. A. Strohmeier ACIB GmbH c/o Department of Organic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology
- Dr. B. van Loo, Prof. F. Hollfelder Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge
| | - Kurt Faber
- *Department of Chemistry, Organic & Bioorganic Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, 8010 Graz (Austria) E-mail: Homepage: http://biocatalysis.uni-graz.at/
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Schober M, Toesch M, Knaus T, Strohmeier GA, van Loo B, Fuchs M, Hollfelder F, Macheroux P, Faber K. One-pot deracemization of sec-alcohols: enantioconvergent enzymatic hydrolysis of alkyl sulfates using stereocomplementary sulfatases. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:3277-9. [PMID: 23401148 PMCID: PMC3743160 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201209946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Revised: 01/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Markus Schober
- Department of Chemistry, Organic & Bioorganic Chemistry, University of GrazHeinrichstrasse 28, 8010 Graz (Austria) E-mail: Homepage: http://biocatalysis.uni-graz.at/
| | - Michael Toesch
- Department of Chemistry, Organic & Bioorganic Chemistry, University of GrazHeinrichstrasse 28, 8010 Graz (Austria) E-mail: Homepage: http://biocatalysis.uni-graz.at/
| | - Tanja Knaus
- Institute of Biochemistry, Graz University of Technology
| | - Gernot A Strohmeier
- ACIB GmbH c/o Department of Organic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology
| | - Bert van Loo
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge
| | - Michael Fuchs
- Department of Chemistry, Organic & Bioorganic Chemistry, University of GrazHeinrichstrasse 28, 8010 Graz (Austria) E-mail: Homepage: http://biocatalysis.uni-graz.at/
| | | | | | - Kurt Faber
- Department of Chemistry, Organic & Bioorganic Chemistry, University of GrazHeinrichstrasse 28, 8010 Graz (Austria) E-mail: Homepage: http://biocatalysis.uni-graz.at/
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Surfactants: Chemistry, Toxicity and Remediation. ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY FOR A SUSTAINABLE WORLD 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-02387-8_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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19
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Fuchs M, Toesch M, Schober M, Wuensch C, Faber K. Chemoenzymatic Asymmetric Total Synthesis of (R)-Lasiodiplodin Methyl Ether through a Sulfatase-Based Deracemization Process. European J Org Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201201296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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20
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Knaus T, Schober M, Kepplinger B, Faccinelli M, Pitzer J, Faber K, Macheroux P, Wagner U. Structure and mechanism of an inverting alkylsulfatase fromPseudomonas sp. DSM6611 specific for secondary alkyl sulfates. FEBS J 2012; 279:4374-84. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.12027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2012] [Revised: 10/04/2012] [Accepted: 10/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Knaus
- Institute of Biochemistry; Graz University of Technology; Austria
| | | | | | | | - Julia Pitzer
- Institute of Biochemistry; Graz University of Technology; Austria
| | - Kurt Faber
- Institute of Chemistry; University of Graz; Austria
| | - Peter Macheroux
- Institute of Biochemistry; Graz University of Technology; Austria
| | - Ulrike Wagner
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences; University of Graz; Austria
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Schober M, Knaus T, Toesch M, Macheroux P, Wagner U, Faber K. The Substrate Spectrum of the Inverting sec-Alkylsulfatase Pisa1. Adv Synth Catal 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201100864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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22
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Schober M, Gadler P, Knaus T, Kayer H, Birner-Grünberger R, Gülly C, Macheroux P, Wagner U, Faber K. A stereoselective inverting sec-alkylsulfatase for the deracemization of sec-alcohols. Org Lett 2011; 13:4296-9. [PMID: 21770430 PMCID: PMC3155277 DOI: 10.1021/ol201635y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A metallo-β-lactamase-type alkylsulfatase was found to catalyze the enantioselective hydrolysis of sec-alkylsulfates with strict inversion of configuration. This catalytic event, which does not have an analog in chemocatalysis, yields homochiral (S)-configurated alcohols and nonreacted sulfate esters. The latter could be converted into (S)-sec-alcohols as the sole product in up to >99% ee via a chemoenzymatic deracemization protocol on a preparative scale.
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Beyond the bacterium: planctomycetes challenge our concepts of microbial structure and function. Nat Rev Microbiol 2011; 9:403-13. [PMID: 21572457 DOI: 10.1038/nrmicro2578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 280] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Planctomycetes form a distinct phylum of the domain Bacteria and possess unusual features such as intracellular compartmentalization and a lack of peptidoglycan in their cell walls. Remarkably, cells of the genus Gemmata even contain a membrane-bound nucleoid analogous to the eukaryotic nucleus. Moreover, the so-called 'anammox' planctomycetes have a unique anaerobic, autotrophic metabolism that includes the ability to oxidize ammonium; this process is dependent on a characteristic membrane-bound cell compartment called the anammoxosome, which might be a functional analogue of the eukaryotic mitochondrion. The compartmentalization of planctomycetes challenges our hypotheses regarding the origins of eukaryotic organelles. Furthermore, the recent discovery of both an endocytosis-like ability and proteins homologous to eukaryotic clathrin in a planctomycete marks this phylum as one to watch for future research on the origin and evolution of the eukaryotic cell.
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Glöckner FO, Joint I. Marine microbial genomics in Europe: current status and perspectives. Microb Biotechnol 2011; 3:523-30. [PMID: 20953416 PMCID: PMC2948668 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-7915.2010.00169.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2009] [Accepted: 02/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The oceans are the Earth's largest ecosystem, covering 70% of our planet and providing goods and services for the majority of the world's population. Understanding the complex abiotic and biotic processes on the micro‐ to macroscale is the key to protect and sustain the marine ecosystem. Marine microorganisms are the ‘gatekeepers’ of the biotic processes that control the global cycles of energy and organic matter. A multinational, multidisciplinary approach, bringing together research on oceanography, biodiversity and genomics, is now needed to understand and finally predict the complex responses of the marine ecosystem to ongoing global changes. Such an integrative approach will not only bring better understanding of the complex interplay of the organisms with their environment, but will reveal a wealth of new metabolic processes and functions, which have a high potential for biotechnological applications. This potential has already been recognized by the European commission which funded a series of workshops and projects on marine genomics in the sixth and seventh framework programme. Nevertheless, there remain many obstacles to achieving the goal – such as a lack of bioinformatics tailored for the marine field, consistent data acquisition and exchange, as well as continuous monitoring programmes and a lack of relevant marine bacterial models. Marine ecosystems research is complex and challenging, but it also harbours the opportunity to cross the borders between disciplines and countries to finally create a rewarding marine research era that is more than the sum of its parts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Oliver Glöckner
- Microbial Genomics Group, Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, D-28359 Bremen, Germany.
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25
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Zhu H, Dai P, Zhang W, Chen E, Han W, Chen C, Cui Y. Enzymic synthesis of gastrodin through microbial transformation and purification of gastrodin biosynthesis enzyme. Biol Pharm Bull 2011; 33:1680-4. [PMID: 20930375 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.33.1680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Gastrodin, a major bioactive component of a famous Chinese herb Gastrodia elata B1., has diverse pharmaceutical functions. It is usually obtained by extraction from a plant or through chemical synthesis. However, traditional extraction from Gastrodia elata B1. is time and money consuming, while chemical synthesis is a complicated procedure and always leads to very serious environmental pollution. Thus it is urgent to explore a new gastrodin source which is more economical and environmental. The present study reports a novel approach to the production of gastrodin through biosynthesis and microbial transformation. Rhizopus chinensis SAITO AS3.1165 was screened from about 50 fungal and bacterial strains and found capable of biotransforming p-hydroxybenzaldehyde into gastrodin for use in gastrodin production. A series of purification steps including (NH(4))(2)SO(4) precipitation, ion exchange chromatography and gel filtration column chromatography was successfully used for purification of the gastrodin biosynthesis enzyme (GBE). The purity of GBE was above 95% and its molecular weight was about 63.2 kDa. We further characterized GBE's function condition, and found that the optimal temperature was 50 °C and the optimum pH 6.0. The enzyme was stable at a temperature lower than 50 °C and a pH between 6.0 and 9.0. The result indicated that gastrodin could be successfully synthesized by microbial transformation, providing a new approach for gastrodin production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongli Zhu
- College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
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26
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Yeldho D, Rebello S, Jisha MS. Plasmid-mediated biodegradation of the anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulphate, by Pseudomonas aeruginosa S7. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2011; 86:110-113. [PMID: 21152890 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-010-0162-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2010] [Accepted: 11/19/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS), an anionic surfactant, has been used extensively due to its low cost and excellent foaming properties. Fifteen different bacterial isolates capable of degrading SDS were isolated from detergent contaminated soil by enrichment culture technique and the degradation efficiency was assessed by Methylene Blue Active Substances (MBAS) assay. The most efficient SDS degrading isolate was selected and identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa S7. The selected isolate was found to harbor a single 6-kb plasmid. Acridine orange, ethidium bromide, SDS and elevated temperatures of incubation failed to cure the plasmid. The cured derivatives of SDS degrading Pseudomonas aeruginosa were obtained only when ethidium bromide and elevated temperature (40 °C) were used together. Transformation of E. coli DH5α with plasmid isolated from S7 resulted in subsequent growth of the transformants on minimal salt media with SDS (0.1%) as the sole source of carbon. The SDS degradation ability of S7 and the transformant was found to be similar as assessed by Methylene Blue Active Substance Assay. The antibiotic resistance profiles of S7, competent DH5α and transformant were analyzed and it was noted that the transfer of antibiotic resistance correlated with the transfer of plasmid as well as SDS degrading property.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepthi Yeldho
- School of Biosciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, India
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Okudomi M, Shimojo M, Nogawa M, Hamanaka A, Taketa N, Nakagawa T, Matsumoto K. Easy Separation of Optically Active Secondary Alcohols by Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Soluble Polymer-Supported Carbonates. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2010. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20090271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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29
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O'Hagan D, Schmidberger JW. Enzymes that catalyse SN2 reaction mechanisms. Nat Prod Rep 2010; 27:900-18. [DOI: 10.1039/b919371p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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30
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Hydroxy functional acrylate and methacrylate monomers prepared via lipase—catalyzed transacylation reactions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2009.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Volpato G, Filice M, Ayub MAZ, Guisan JM, Palomo JM. Single-step purification of different lipases from Staphylococcus warneri. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1217:473-8. [PMID: 19954784 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.11.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2009] [Revised: 11/16/2009] [Accepted: 11/18/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Three different lipases from the extract crude of Staphylococcus warneri have been purified by specific lipase-lipase interactions using different lipases (TLL, RML, PFL, BTL2) covalently attached to a solid support as adsorption matrix. BTL2 immobilized on glyoxyl-DTT adsorbed selectivity only a 30 kDa lipase from the crude, which was desorbed by adding 0.1% triton X-100. Using glyoxyl-PFL as matrix, two new lipases (28 and 40 kDa) were adsorbed, and completely pure 40 kDa lipase was obtained after desorption using 0.01% triton, whereas 28 kDa lipase was desorbed after the incubation of the lipase matrix with 3% detergent. When using other matrixes as glyoxyl-TLL or glyoxyl-RML, different lipases were adsorbed. This methodology could be a very efficient and useful method to purify several lipases from crude extracts from different sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giandra Volpato
- Departamento de Biocatalisis, Instituto de Catalisis (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
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Cabrera Z, Fernandez-Lorente G, Fernandez-Lafuente R, Palomo JM, Guisan JM. Novozym 435 displays very different selectivity compared to lipase from Candida antarctica B adsorbed on other hydrophobic supports. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2008.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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33
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Gadler P, Reiter TC, Hoelsch K, Weuster-Botz D, Faber K. Enantiocomplementary inverting sec-alkylsulfatase activity in cyano- and thio-bacteria Synechococcus and Paracoccus spp.: selectivity enhancement by medium engineering. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2009.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Steinreiber J, Faber K, Griengl H. De-racemization of enantiomers versus de-epimerization of diastereomers--classification of dynamic kinetic asymmetric transformations (DYKAT). Chemistry 2008; 14:8060-72. [PMID: 18512868 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200701643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The isolation of single stereoisomers from a racemic (or diastereomeric) mixture by enzymatic or chemical resolution techniques goes in hand with the disposal of 50% (racemate) or more (diastereomeric mixtures) of the "undesired" substrate isomer(s). In order to circumvent this drawback, dynamic systems have been developed for the de-racemization of enantiomers and the de-epimerizations of diastereomers. Key strategies within this area are discussed and are classified according to their underlying kinetics, that is, dynamic kinetic resolution (DKR), dynamic kinetic asymmetric transformations (DYKAT), and hybrids between both of them. Finally, two novel types of DYKAT are defined.
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Enzyme-mediated enantioselective hydrolysis of soluble polymer-supported dendritic carbonates. Tetrahedron Lett 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2008.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Grove TL, Lee KH, St Clair J, Krebs C, Booker SJ. In vitro characterization of AtsB, a radical SAM formylglycine-generating enzyme that contains three [4Fe-4S] clusters. Biochemistry 2008; 47:7523-38. [PMID: 18558715 DOI: 10.1021/bi8004297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Sulfatases catalyze the cleavage of a variety of cellular sulfate esters via a novel mechanism that requires the action of a protein-derived formylglycine cofactor. Formation of the cofactor is catalyzed by an accessory protein and involves the two-electron oxidation of a specific cysteinyl or seryl residue on the relevant sulfatase. Although some sulfatases undergo maturation via mechanisms in which oxygen serves as an electron acceptor, AtsB, the maturase from Klebsiella pneumoniae, catalyzes the oxidation of Ser72 on AtsA, its cognate sulfatase, via an oxygen-independent mechanism. Moreover, it does not make use of pyridine or flavin nucleotide cofactors as direct electron acceptors. In fact, AtsB has been shown to be a member of the radical S-adenosylmethionine superfamily of proteins, suggesting that it catalyzes this oxidation via an intermediate 5'-deoxyadenosyl 5'-radical that is generated by a reductive cleavage of S-adenosyl- l-methionine. In contrast to AtsA, very little in vitro characterization of AtsB has been conducted. Herein we show that coexpression of the K. pneumoniae atsB gene with a plasmid that encodes genes that are known to be involved in iron-sulfur cluster biosynthesis yields soluble protein that can be characterized in vitro. The as-isolated protein contained 8.7 +/- 0.4 irons and 12.2 +/- 2.6 sulfides per polypeptide, which existed almost entirely in the [4Fe-4S] (2+) configuration, as determined by Mossbauer spectroscopy, suggesting that it contained at least two of these clusters per polypeptide. Reconstitution of the as-isolated protein with additional iron and sulfide indicated the presence of 12.3 +/- 0.2 irons and 9.9 +/- 0.4 sulfides per polypeptide. Subsequent characterization of the reconstituted protein by Mossbauer spectroscopy indicated the presence of only [4Fe-4S] clusters, suggesting that reconstituted AtsB contains three per polypeptide. Consistent with this stoichiometry, an as-isolated AtsB triple variant containing Cys --> Ala substitutions at each of the cysteines in its CX 3CX 2C radical SAM motif contained 7.3 +/- 0.1 irons and 7.2 +/- 0.2 sulfides per polypeptide while the reconstituted triple variant contained 7.7 +/- 0.1 irons and 8.4 +/- 0.4 sulfides per polypeptide, indicating that it was unable to incorporate an additional cluster. UV-visible and Mossbauer spectra of both samples indicated the presence of only [4Fe-4S] clusters. AtsB was capable of catalyzing multiple turnovers and exhibited a V max/[E T] of approximately 0.36 min (-1) for an 18-amino acid peptide substrate using dithionite to supply the requisite electron and a value of approximately 0.039 min (-1) for the same substrate using the physiologically relevant flavodoxin reducing system. Simultaneous quantification of formylglycine and 5'-deoxyadenosine as a function of time indicates an approximate 1:1 stoichiometry. Use of a peptide substrate in which the target serine is changed to cysteine also gives rise to turnover, supporting approximately 4-fold the activity of that observed with the natural substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler L Grove
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
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Gadler P, Faber K. Highly Enantioselective Biohydrolysis ofsec-Alkyl Sulfate Esters with Inversion of Configuration Catalysed byPseudomonas spp. European J Org Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200700637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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38
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Okudomi M, Shimojo M, Nogawa M, Hamanaka A, Taketa N, Matsumoto K. Easy separation of optically active products by enzymatic hydrolysis of soluble polymer-supported substrates. Tetrahedron Lett 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2007.09.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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