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Feng Y, Lu J, Jiang J, Wang M, Guo K, Lin S. Berberine: Potential preventive and therapeutic strategies for human colorectal cancer. Cell Biochem Funct 2024; 42:e4033. [PMID: 38742849 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.4033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common digestive tract tumor, with incidences continuing to rise. Although modern medicine has extended the survival time of CRC patients, its adverse effects and the financial burden cannot be ignored. CRC is a multi-step process and can be caused by the disturbance of gut microbiome and chronic inflammation's stimulation. Additionally, the presence of precancerous lesions is also a risk factor for CRC. Consequently, scientists are increasingly interested in identifying multi-target, safe, and economical herbal medicine and natural products. This paper summarizes berberine's (BBR) regulatory mechanisms in the occurrence and development of CRC. The findings indicate that BBR regulates gut microbiome homeostasis and controls mucosal inflammation to prevent CRC. In the CRC stage, BBR inhibits cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis, blocks the cell cycle, induces cell apoptosis, regulates cell metabolism, inhibits angiogenesis, and enhances chemosensitivity. BBR plays a role in the overall management of CRC. Therefore, using BBR as an adjunct to CRC prevention and treatment could become a future trend in oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqian Feng
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiamin Lu
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jing Jiang
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Menglei Wang
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kaibo Guo
- Department of Oncology, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shengyou Lin
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Huang G, Miao H, Chen Y, Wang K, Zhang Q, Yang Z. Spraying humic acid regulator on cultivated Codonopsis pilosula (Franch.) Nannf. to improve yield of active constituents. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1381182. [PMID: 38872877 PMCID: PMC11169936 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1381182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Plant growth regulators have been used in the cultivation of medicinal plants to increase yield, but the existing regulators decreased the content of active constituents which benefit human health. Therefore, it is necessary to find a new growth regulator to achieve the win-win goal of increasing yield and improving active constituents' accumulation. The potential of replacing chlorocholine chloride with a new humic acid-based growth regulator was evaluated by measuring the yield and active constituents' accumulation of Codonopsis pilosula. Three treatments including water (CK), chlorocholine chloride (T1) and humic acid regulator (T2) were applied by foliar spraying. Among them, both chlorocholine chloride and humic acid regulator belong to biostimulant. The result showed that the root yield in T1 and T2 were significantly increased by 59.1% and 54.9% compared with CK, respectively, and there was no significant difference between T1 and T2. Compared with CK, the yields of lobetyolin, syringin and atractylenolide III of Codonopsis pilosula were significantly decreased by 6.3%, 7.3% and 13.0% in T1, but were significantly increased by 22.8%, 14.8% and 32.0% in T2, respectively. Redundancy analyses showed that photosynthetic rate, sucrose phosphoric acid synthetase and phosphomannomutase had higher degree of explanation for yield and quality. Linear regression results indicated that photosynthetic rate and phosphomannomutase were the main factors to affect yield and active constituents yields, respectively. In addition, the output-input ratios based on the yields of polysaccharides, lobetyolin, syringin and atractylenolide III of Codonopsis pilosula in T2 was significantly increased by 6.5%, 15.2%, 8.7% and 31.2% respectively as compared with T1. Overall, compared with water treatment, both chlorocholine chloride and humic acid regulator treatments can increase the root yield of Codonopsis pilosula. Compared with chlorocholine chloride, humic acid regulator can improve the yield of active constituents and economic benefits of Codonopsis pilosula. This study indicated that reasonable selection of plant growth regulators is of great significance for achieving a win-win goal of increasing the root yield and active constituents of medicinal plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaojian Huang
- College of Resource & Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Nutrient Resources, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- Nitrate Fertilizer Technology Innovation Center of Shanxi Province, Shanxi Knlan Chemical Co., Ltd., Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Huifeng Miao
- College of Resource & Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Nutrient Resources, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- Nitrate Fertilizer Technology Innovation Center of Shanxi Province, Shanxi Knlan Chemical Co., Ltd., Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Yaqian Chen
- College of Resource & Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Nutrient Resources, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- Nitrate Fertilizer Technology Innovation Center of Shanxi Province, Shanxi Knlan Chemical Co., Ltd., Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Ke Wang
- College of Resource & Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Nutrient Resources, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- Nitrate Fertilizer Technology Innovation Center of Shanxi Province, Shanxi Knlan Chemical Co., Ltd., Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- College of Resource & Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Nutrient Resources, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Zhiping Yang
- College of Resource & Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Nutrient Resources, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- Nitrate Fertilizer Technology Innovation Center of Shanxi Province, Shanxi Knlan Chemical Co., Ltd., Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
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Yu X, Dai S, Dai L, Ao R, Zhang D, Wang L. Systematic Chemical Analysis of Crude Glycan Isolates from the Seven-Herb Decoction Quanzhenyiqitang with Anti-COPD Activity. Chem Biodivers 2024:e202400277. [PMID: 38686912 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202400277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
The classical Chinese Medicine prescription, Quanzhenyiqitang (QZYQT), containing seven tonic herbs (Shudi, Dangshen, Maidong, Baizhu, Niuxi, Fuzi, and Wuweizi) is clinically used to treat chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Although there are studies on the pharmacological effects of QZYQT, little attention has been paid to its active carbohydrate ingredients. We performed a systematic chemical analysis of the crude glycan isolates from the seven-herb decoction (GI-QZYQT) after confirming its anti-COPD activity. GI-QZYQT could enhance lung function, reduce lung damage, and alleviate inflammatory response in mice with COPD. Moreover, two monosaccharides (fructose and glucose) and six oligosaccharides (sucrose, melibiose, 1-kestose, raffinose, mannotriose, and stachyose), accounting for 40.23 % of GI-QZYQT, were discovered using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography-evaporative light-scattering detection. Inulin-type fructan with an average molecular weight of 2112 Da was identified using high-performance gel-permeation chromatography in combination with monosaccharide mapping analysis, accounting for 20.10 % of GI-QZYQT in mass. The comparison study showed that the identified monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, and the inulin-type fructan of GI-QZYQT were mainly derived from herbs of Shudi, Dangshen, Maidong, Baizhu, and Niuxi. These findings provide crucial information on the chemical composition of GI-QZYQT, which is vital for the in-depth understanding of its bioactivity, mechanism, and product development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxian Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 210023, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - Shiting Dai
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 510120, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, P. R. China
- Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, 510180, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, P. R. China
| | - Longchao Dai
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 210023, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - Ran Ao
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 510120, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, P. R. China
| | - Dapeng Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 510120, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, P. R. China
| | - Lingchong Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 210023, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
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Liang W, Sun J, Bai G, Qiu D, Li Q, Dong P, Chen Y, Guo F. Codonopsis radix: a review of resource utilisation, postharvest processing, quality assessment, and its polysaccharide composition. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1366556. [PMID: 38746010 PMCID: PMC11091420 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1366556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Codonopsis radix is the dried root of C. pilosula (Franch.) Nannf., C. pilosula Nannf. var. modesta (Nannf.) L. T. Shen, or C. tangshen Oliv., constitutes a botanical medicine with a profound historical lineage. It encompasses an array of bioactive constituents, including polyacetylenes, phenylpropanoids, alkaloids, triterpenoids, and polysaccharides, conferring upon it substantial medicinal and edible values. Consequently, it has garnered widespread attention from numerous scholars. In recent years, driven by advancements in modern traditional Chinese medicine, considerable strides have been taken in exploring resources utilization, traditional processing, quality evaluation and polysaccharide research of Codonopsis radix. However, there is a lack of systematic and comprehensive reporting on these research results. This paper provides a summary of recent advances in Codonopsis research, identifies existing issues in Codonopsis studies, and offers insights into future research directions. The aim is to provide insights and literature support for forthcoming investigations into Codonopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Science, College of Agronomy, College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jiachen Sun
- School of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin, China
| | - Gang Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Science, College of Agronomy, College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Daiyu Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Science, College of Agronomy, College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Science, College of Agronomy, College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Pengbin Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Science, College of Agronomy, College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Science, College of Agronomy, College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Fengxia Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Science, College of Agronomy, College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
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Zhao K, Qian C, Qi L, Li Q, Zhao C, Zhang J, Han G, Xia L, El-Bahy ZM, Gu J, Helal MH, Yan Z, Guo Z, Shi Z. Modified acid polysaccharide derived from Salvia przewalskii with excellent wound healing and enhanced bioactivity. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 263:129803. [PMID: 38296147 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Acid polysaccharide was extracted from Salvia przewalskii root powders (PSP), purified by diethylaminoethyl cellulose column (DEAE-52) and molecular sieve (PSP2). PSPm1 was obtained by modifying PSP2 with nitrite and phosphoric acid. The chemical structure of PSP2 and PSPm1 exhibited notable distinctions, primarily due to the absence of arabinose and promotion of glucuronic acid (GlcA). The structure of PSPm1 was deduced through the utilization of 1H, 13C, and 2-D NMR. The main chain was linked by α-D-Galp(1 → 3)-α-Glcp-(1 → fragments and →6)-β-D-Galp fragments, with the presence of →4)-α-D-GlcpA-(1 → 6)-β-D-Galp-(1 → , → 4)-α-D-GalAp-(1 → 2,4)-α-D-Rhap-(1 → fragments and →6)-α-Glcp-(1 → 2,4)-β-D-Manp-(1 → fragments. PSPm1 exhibited different immunoregulatory bioactivity in vitro, including haemostatic effects indicated by activated clotting time of 55.5 % reduction by the activated clotting time (ACT) test and wound healing function in vivo. PSPm1 also displayed better anti-tumor biological effects than unmodified. The structure-activity dissimilarity between PSP2 and PSPm1 primarily stems from variations in molecular weight (Mw), monosaccharide composition, and branching patterns. The modification of polysaccharides from the extract residues of Chinese medicinal materials may be a new form of drug supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kui Zhao
- College of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, Yunnan 650224, China
| | - Cheng Qian
- College of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, Yunnan 650224, China
| | - Luming Qi
- School of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 610075, China
| | - Qing Li
- School of Chemistry, Biology and Environment, Yuxi Normal University, Yuxi, Yunnan 651100, China
| | - Can Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy/School of Modern Chinese Medicine Industry, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- College of Chemcial Engineering and Technology, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030024, China
| | - Guiqi Han
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy/School of Modern Chinese Medicine Industry, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China
| | - Lina Xia
- School of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 610075, China
| | - Zeinhom M El-Bahy
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11884, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Junwei Gu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China
| | - Mohamed H Helal
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science, Northern Border University, Rafha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zhuyun Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy/School of Modern Chinese Medicine Industry, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China.
| | - Zhanhu Guo
- Department of Mechanical and Civil Engineering, Northumbria University, Newcastle NE1 8ST, UK.
| | - Zhengjun Shi
- College of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, Yunnan 650224, China.
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Wang Z, Zou J, Shi Y, Zhang X, Zhai B, Guo D, Sun J, Luan F. Extraction techniques, structural features and biological functions of Hippophae rhamnoides polysaccharides: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 263:130206. [PMID: 38373568 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Hippophae rhamnoides L. (sea buckthorn) is a type of traditional Chinese medicine with a long history of clinical application. It is used in the improvement and treatment of various diseases as medicine and food to strengthen the stomach and digestion, relieving cough and resolving phlegm, promoting blood circulation, and resolving blood stasis in traditional Chinese medicine. Emerging evidence has shown that H. rhamnoides polysaccharides (HRPs) are vital bioactive macromolecules responsible for its various health benefits. HRPs possess the huge potential to develop a drug improving or treating different diseases. In this review, we comprehensively and systematically summarize the recent information on extraction and purification methods, structural features, biological activities, structure-activity relationships, and potential industry applications of HRPs and further highlight the therapeutic potential and sanitarian functions of HRPs in the fields of therapeutic agents and functional food development. Additionally, this paper also lists a variety of biological activities of HRPs in vitro and in vivo roundly. Finally, this paper also discusses the structure-activity relationships and potential applications of HRPs. Overall, this work will help to have a better in-depth understanding of HRPs and provide a scientific basis and direct reference for more scientific and rational applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 712046, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Junbo Zou
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 712046, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Yajun Shi
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 712046, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Xiaofei Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 712046, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Bingtao Zhai
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 712046, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Dongyan Guo
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 712046, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Jing Sun
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 712046, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Fei Luan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 712046, Shaanxi, PR China.
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Ma K, Yi X, Yang ST, Zhu H, Liu TY, Jia SS, Fan JH, Hu DJ, Lv GP, Huang H. Isolation, purification, and structural characterization of polysaccharides from Codonopsis pilosula and its therapeutic effects on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in vitro and in vivo. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 265:130988. [PMID: 38518942 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Codonopsis pilosula is a famous edible and medicinal plants, in which polysaccharides are recognized as one of the important active ingredients. A neutral polysaccharide (CPP-1) was purified from C. pilosula. The structure was characterized by HPSEC-MALLS-RID, UV, FT-IR, GC-MS, methylation analysis, and NMR. The results showed that CPP-1 was a homogeneous pure polysaccharide, mainly containing fructose and glucose, and a small amount of arabinose. Methylation analysis showed that CPP-1 composed of →1)-Fruf-(2→, Fruf-(1→ and Glcp-(1→ residues. Combined the NMR results the structure of CPP-1 was confirmed as α-D-Glcp-(1 → [2)-β-D-Fruf-(1 → 2)-β-D-Fruf-(1]26 → 2)-β-D-Fruf with the molecular weight of 4.890 × 103 Da. The model of AML12 hepatocyte fat damage was established in vitro. The results showed that CPP-1 could increase the activity of SOD and CAT antioxidant enzymes and reduce the content of MDA, thus protecting cells from oxidative damage. Subsequently, the liver protective effect of CPP-1 was studied in the mouse model of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) induced by the high-fat diet. The results showed that CPP-1 significantly reduced the body weight, liver index, and body fat index of NAFLD mice, and significantly improved liver function. Therefore, CPP-1 should be a potential candidate for the treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Ma
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Xin Yi
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Shu-Ting Yang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Hua Zhu
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Tian-Yu Liu
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Si-Si Jia
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Jia-Hao Fan
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - De-Jun Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Guang-Ping Lv
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
| | - He Huang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
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Feng L, Han N, Han YB, Shang MW, Liang TW, Liu ZH, Li SK, Zhai JX, Yin J. Structural analysis of a soluble polysaccharide GSPA-0.3 from the root of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer and its adjuvant activity with mechanism investigation. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 326:121591. [PMID: 38142068 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
A novel polysaccharide (GSPA-0.3) was isolated and purified from the root of cultivated Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer, and its structure, adjuvant activities, and mechanisms for inducing the maturation of mouse dendritic 2.4 cells (DC2.4) were extensively studied. Fraction GSPA-0.3, mainly composed by the galacturonic acid, galactose, arabinose, glucose, rhamnose, mannose, and xylose, had a molecular weight of 62,722 Da. The main chain of GSPA-0.3 was composed of →3)-α-L-Rhap-(1→, →4)-α-D-GalpA-(1→, and →3, 4)-α-D-GalpA-(1→. Branched chains comprised α-L-Araf-(1→3, 5)-α-L-Araf-(1→5)-α-L-Araf-(1→, α-D-Glcp-(1→6)-α-D-Glcp-(1→6)-α-D-Glcp-(1→, β-D-Galp-(1→4)-β-D-Galp-(1→4)-β-D-Galp-(1→, and α-D-GalpA-(1→ units connected to the C3 position of →3, 4)-α-D-GalpA-(1→. In vivo, GSPA-0.3 was found to stimulate the production of IgG, IgG1, and IgG2a; increase the splenocyte proliferation index; and promote the expression of GATA-3, T-bet, IFN-γ, and IL-4 in H1N1 vaccine-immunized mice. Moreover, GSPA-0.3 significantly increased the levels of neutralizing antibodies in the mice, and its adjuvant activity was found to be superior to aluminum adjuvant (Alum adjuvant). Mechanistic investigations showed that GSPA-0.3 activated the TLR4-dependent pathway by upregulating the expressions of TLR4, MyD88, TRAF-6, and NF-κB proteins and gens. The results presented herein suggested that GSPA-0.3 could significantly promote the efficacy of the H1N1 vaccine by modulating Th1/Th2 response via the TLR4-MyD88-NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Feng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; Department of Pharmacognosy and Utilization Key Laboratory of Northeast Plant Materials, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Na Han
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; Department of Pharmacognosy and Utilization Key Laboratory of Northeast Plant Materials, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yu-Bo Han
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; Department of Pharmacognosy and Utilization Key Laboratory of Northeast Plant Materials, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Meng-Wen Shang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; Department of Pharmacognosy and Utilization Key Laboratory of Northeast Plant Materials, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Teng-Wei Liang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; Department of Pharmacognosy and Utilization Key Laboratory of Northeast Plant Materials, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Zhi-Hui Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; Department of Pharmacognosy and Utilization Key Laboratory of Northeast Plant Materials, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Si-Kai Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; Department of Pharmacognosy and Utilization Key Laboratory of Northeast Plant Materials, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jian-Xiu Zhai
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; Department of Pharmacognosy and Utilization Key Laboratory of Northeast Plant Materials, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Jun Yin
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; Department of Pharmacognosy and Utilization Key Laboratory of Northeast Plant Materials, Shenyang 110016, China.
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Liu M, Huang J, Ma M, Huang G, Zhang Y, Ding Y, Qu Q, Lv W, Guo S. Effects of dietary Chinese herbal mixtures on productive performance, egg quality, immune status, caecal and offspring meconial microbiota of Wenchang breeder hens. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1320469. [PMID: 38162476 PMCID: PMC10755868 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1320469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Chinese herbal mixtures (CHMs) on productive performance, egg quality, immune status, anti-apoptosis ability, caecal microbiota, and offspring meconial microbiota in hens. A total of 168 thirty-week-old Wenchang breeder hens were randomly divided into two groups, with each group comprising six replicate pens of fourteen hens. The groups were fed a basal diet (CON group) and a basal diet with 1,000 mg/kg CHMs (CHMs group) for 10 weeks. Our results showed that dietary supplementation with CHMs increased the laying rate, average egg weight, hatch of fertile, and offspring chicks' weight while concurrently reducing the feed conversion ratio (FCR) and embryo mortality (p < 0.05). The addition of CHMs resulted in significant improvements in various egg quality parameters, including eggshell strength, albumen height, haugh unit, and the content of docosatetraenoic acid (C20:4n-6) in egg yolk (p < 0.05). The supplementation of CHMs had a greater concentration of IgA and IgG while decreasing the content of IL-6 in serum compared with the CON group (p < 0.05). Addition of CHMs to the diet increased the expression of Bcl-2 and IL-4 in liver and ovary, decreased the expression of IL-1β, Bax, and Caspase-8 in jejunum and ovary, and decreased the expression of NF-κB in liver, jejunum, and ovary (p < 0.05). Moreover, dietary CHMs reduced the abundance of Desulfovibrio in caecal microbiota as well as decreased the abundance of Staphylococcaceae_Staphylococcus and Pseudomonadaceae_Pseudomonas in the offspring meconial microbiota (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the CHMs could improve productive parameters by enhancing immune status, anti-apoptosis capacity, and modulating the caecal microbiota of Wenchang breeder hens, as well as maintaining the intestinal health of the offspring chicks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjie Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Natural Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jieyi Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Natural Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Natural Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gengxiong Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Natural Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingwen Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Natural Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiqing Ding
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Natural Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian Qu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Natural Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weijie Lv
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Natural Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shining Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Natural Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- International Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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10
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Kang J, Sha XX, Geng CJ, Li LX, Chen J, Ren FC, Tian ML. Ultrasound-assisted extraction and characterization of Penthorum chinense polysaccharide with anti-inflammatory effects. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2023; 99:106593. [PMID: 37696214 PMCID: PMC10498194 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2023.106593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Penthorum chinense has been used in both food and medication for many years, and polysaccharide of which was considered as one of the bioactive compounds. However, the extraction process of polysaccharide from P. chinense (PCP) was not well optimized. Ultrasound-assisted extractionhas been widely employed in the extraction of natural products for its compliance with the concept of green and economic chemistry. To better investigate the structure and biology activity of PCP, response surface methodology was employed to optimize the ultrasound-assisted extraction conditions of PCP. The optimum extraction for the ultrasound-assisted extraction of PCP were obtained as ratio of solvent to material 40 mL/g, ultrasonic power 380 W, and extraction time of 50 min. The yield of PCP reached 8.71% under these optimized conditions. PCP was further purified by using anion exchange chromatography and gel filtration, an acidic fraction PCP-AP-1 was hereby obtained. The results of structural elucidation indicated that PCP-AP-1 was a typical pectic polysaccharide with a molecular weight of 66360 Da, mainly composed of galacturonic acid (68.5 mol%), followed by arabinose (9.8 mol%), rhamnose (9.4 mol%), glucose (7.7 mol%), with homogalacturonan region and rhamnogalacturonan I regions. In vitro study showed that PCP-AP-1 could improve the inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide in intestinal epithelial cells, which was probably performed through the inhibition of multiple signaling pathways including the inhibition of TLR4, NOD1/2 and NF-κB pathway, as well as the reduction of NLRP3 inflammasome. This study defined the type of polysaccharide present in P. chinense and revealed a potential of application this plant in the prevention of intestinal inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Kang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, PR China
| | - Xiao-Xi Sha
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, PR China
| | - Cai-Juan Geng
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, PR China
| | - Li-Xia Li
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Ji Chen
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Feng-Chun Ren
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, PR China.
| | - Meng-Liang Tian
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China.
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11
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Yue J, Xiao Y, Chen W. Insights into Genus Codonopsis: From past Achievements to Future Perspectives. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2023:1-32. [PMID: 37585270 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2023.2242953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Codonopsis plants, as a kind of medicinal and edible herb, have a long history of application and have been widely concerned by pharmacists and biologists. In this article, the species diversity, taxonomy and distribution, ethnic medicinal records, chemical composition, pharmacological activity, and quality evaluation methods of Codonopsis species were systematically reviewed. In addition, the research progress of Codonopsis plants using biotechnology in recent years was summarized. The phytochemistry and biological activities of Codonopsis are widely evaluated. To date, more than 350 compounds have been isolated from Codonopsis. Codonopsis pilosula polysaccharides are important functional components and biomarkers. Lobetyolin, atractylenolide III, tangshenoside I, and oligosaccharide can be considered as characteristic index components to evaluate the quality of Codonopsis plants. Although recent experimental evidence has confirmed the pharmacological value of this genus, its quality control, resource development and utilization, and active ingredient synthesis mechanisms are not well studied. In particular, molecular biology research is still in its infancy, but its application prospects are broad, and it is a hot spot for future research on Codonopsis. Therefore, it is urgent to conduct a detailed study on the single level of phytochemistry, pharmacology, and molecular biology of Codonopsis to establish a scientific evaluation system and modern medication guidelines. The multi-angle, multi-level, and multi-aspect integrated association analysis is also an inevitable trend for the future in-depth study of Codonopsis plants. This research status was summarized in order to provide a broader scientific research idea and theoretical reference for the in-depth study of Codonopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Yue
- The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources & Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Xiao
- The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources & Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wansheng Chen
- The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources & Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, China
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12
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Wang T, Ying X, Zhang Q, Xu Y, Jiang C, Shang J, Zang Z, Wan F, Huang X. Evaluation of the Effect of Ultrasonic Pretreatment on the Drying Kinetics and Quality Characteristics of Codonopsis pilosula Slices Based on the Grey Correlation Method. Molecules 2023; 28:5596. [PMID: 37513468 PMCID: PMC10385178 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Ultrasonic (US) maltreatment was performed before the vacuum far-infrared drying (VFID) of Codonopsis pilosula (CP) slices to investigate the effects of different US parameters on the drying characteristics and nutrients of CP slices. The grey correlation method with relative correlation degree (ri) as the evaluation measure was used to construct a model for the evaluation of the pretreatment quality of CP and to determine the optimal pretreatment conditions. The results showed that with the increase in US frequency and power, the drying rate increased. Under the conditions of US power of 180 W, frequency of 60 kHz and a pre-treatment time of 30 min, the drying time reduced by 28.6%. The contents of polysaccharide and syringin in dried CP slices pretreated by US increased by 14.7% and 62.0%, respectively, compared to the non-pre-treated samples, while the total flavonoid content decreased by 10.0%. In terms of colour, pretreatment had a certain protective effect on the red colour of dried products. The highest relative correlation (0.574) and the best overall quality of performance were observed at 180 W, 60 kHz and 30 min. Overall, US technology is suitable for the pretreatment processing of CP, which is of great significance to the drying of CP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongxun Wang
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Xinyu Ying
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Yanrui Xu
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Chunhui Jiang
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Jianwei Shang
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Zepeng Zang
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Fangxin Wan
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Xiaopeng Huang
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
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Liu X, Chen Z, Wang X, Luo W, Yang F. Quality Assessment and Classification of Codonopsis Radix Based on Fingerprints and Chemometrics. Molecules 2023; 28:5127. [PMID: 37446787 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28135127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In China, Codonopsis Radix (CR) is frequently consumed both as food and medicine. Here, a comprehensive strategy based on fingerprinting and chemometric approaches was created to explore the influence of origins, storage time and kneading processing on the quality of CR. Firstly, high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection was used to obtain the fingerprints of 35 batches of CR from six different origins and 33 batches of CR from varying storage times or kneading procedures. Secondly, chemometric methods including similarity analysis (SA), principal component analysis (PCA), hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA), and two-way orthogonal partial least square with discriminant analysis (O2PLS-DA) were used to evaluate the differences of chemical components in CR so as to identify its source and reflect its quality. Moreover, 13 and 16 major compounds were identified as marker compounds for the discrimination of CR from different origins, storage time and kneading processing, respectively. Furthermore, the relative content of the marker components and the exact content of Lobetyolin were measured, indicating that the contents of these components vary significantly between various CR samples. Meanwhile, the chemical components of CR were identified using Mass spectrometry. According to the findings of our investigation, the quality of CR from Gansu was the best, followed by Shanxi and then Sichuan. The quality of CR from Chongqing and Guizhou was poor. At the same time, the quality of CR was the best when it was kneaded and stored for 0 years, indicating that the traditional kneading process of CR is of great significance. Conclusively, HPLC fingerprint in conjunction with chemical pattern recognition and component content determination can be employed to differentiate the raw materials of different CR samples. Additionally, it is also a reliable, comprehensive and prospective method for quality control and evaluation of CR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuxia Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730013, China
| | - Zhengjun Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730013, China
| | - Xin Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730013, China
| | - Wenrong Luo
- Gansu Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Fude Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730013, China
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Dai G, Wang J, Zheng J, Xia C, Wang Y, Duan B. Bioactive polysaccharides from lotus as potent food supplements: a review of their preparation, structures, biological features and application prospects. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1171004. [PMID: 37448668 PMCID: PMC10338014 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1171004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Lotus is a famous plant of the food and medicine continuum for millennia, which possesses unique nutritional and medicinal values. Polysaccharides are the main bioactive component of lotus and have been widely used as health nutritional supplements and therapeutic agents. However, the industrial production and application of lotus polysaccharides (LPs) are hindered by the lack of a deeper understanding of the structure-activity relationship (SAR), structural modification, applications, and safety of LPs. This review comprehensively comments on the extraction and purification methods and structural characteristics of LPs. The SARs, bioactivities, and mechanisms involved are further evaluated. The potential application and safety issues of LPs are discussed. This review provides valuable updated information and inspires deeper insights for the large scale development and application of LPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guona Dai
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Dali University, Dali, China
| | - Jiale Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Dali University, Dali, China
| | - Jiamei Zheng
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Dali University, Dali, China
| | - Conglong Xia
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Dali University, Dali, China
| | - Yaping Wang
- Formula-Pattern Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Baozhong Duan
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Dali University, Dali, China
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15
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Dar AA, Abrol V, Singh N, Gashash EA, Dar SA. Recent bioanalytical methods for the isolation of bioactive natural products from genus Codonopsis. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2023. [PMID: 37316180 DOI: 10.1002/pca.3253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chromatography and spectroscopy are nowadays well-validated techniques allowing to isolate and purify different class of natural products from the genus Codonopsis. Several categories of phytochemicals with drug like properties have been selectively extracted, isolated, characterised by this methodology. OBJECTIVES The present review aims to provide up-to-date and comprehensive information on the chromatography, phytochemistry and pharmacology of natural products of Codonopsis with an emphasis on the search for natural products having various biological activities and the semi-synthetic derivatives of bioactive ones and to highlight current gaps in knowledge. MATERIALS AND METHODS A literature search was performed in the SciFinder Scholar, PubMed, Medline, and Scopus databases. RESULTS During the period covered in this review, several classes of compounds have been reported from genus Codonopsis. Codonopsis pilosula and Codonopsis lanceolata are the most popular in the genus especially as per phytochemical and bioactive studies. Phytochemical investigation demonstrates that Codonopsis species contain mainly xanthones, flavonoids, alkaloids, polyacetylenes, phenylpropanoids, triterpenoids and polysaccharides, which contribute to numerous bioactivities. The major bioactive compounds isolated were used for semi-synthetic modification to increase the chance to discover lead compound. CONCLUSIONS It can be concluded that genus Codonopsis has been used as traditional medicines and food materials around the world over years due to chemical constituents with diverse structural types, exhibiting extensive pharmacological activities in immune system, blood system, cardiovascular system, central nervous system, digestive system, and so forth, with almost no obvious toxicity and side effect. Therefore, Codonopsis can be used as a promising ethnopharmacological plant source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alamgir A Dar
- Research Centre for Residue and Quality Analysis, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar Campus, Srinagar, India
| | - Vidushi Abrol
- Fermentation and Microbial Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India
| | - Nasseb Singh
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Katra, India
| | - Ebtesam A Gashash
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science in Balijurashi, Al-Baha University, Baha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Showket A Dar
- Division of Social and Basic Science, Faculty of Forestry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Ganderbal, India
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16
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Fu Z, Zhang X, Liu J, Li J, Zeng Y, Yang J, Sun Y, Cui J, Zhu Y. Enzymatic synthesis and immunomodulatory activity of highly branched α-D-glucans with glycogen-like structure. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 237:123882. [PMID: 37015174 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
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Liu M, Zhang G, Zhou K, Wen J, Zheng F, Sun L, Ren X. Structural characterization, antioxidant activity, and the effects of Codonopsis pilosula polysaccharides on the solubility and stability of flavonoids. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 229:115368. [PMID: 37001273 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Codonopsis pilosula (CP) possesses properties related to nourishing the spleen and stomach, and tonifying Qi of the stomach and mind in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Codonopsis pilosula polysaccharides (CPPS), which are the primary active components of CP, are thought to be in charge of their extensive use. Rutin, quercetin, luteoloside, and luteolin, are common and pharmacologically significant flavonoids with many pharmacological activities, but their oral bioavailability is limited by poor solubility and stability. In this study, high-performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC) estimated the molecular weight of CPPS to be 9.7 × 105 Da. Sugar analysis revealed that CPPS is composed of D-mannose, D-glucose, and D-xylose with a molar ratio of 5.8:1.9:1.0. Moreover, the antioxidant test showed that CPPS had good antioxidant activity. It is worth noting that CPPS integrated the four flavonoids to form a spongy compound that significantly increased the solubilities and stabilities of flavonoids. The bonding constants of the CPPS and flavonoid-derived inclusion complexes ranged from 60 L mol-1 to 2,030,816 L mol-1, which demonstrated the capacity of CPPS to interact with flavonoids intermolecularly to form a drug complex system, resulting in potentially enhanced biopharmaceutical properties of flavonoids. This finding could provide a reference point for further applications of polysaccharides from herbal medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiqi Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Guoqin Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Kexin Zhou
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Jinli Wen
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Fuxiang Zheng
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Lili Sun
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.
| | - Xiaoliang Ren
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.
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18
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Wang S, Lin Z, Zhang B, Du J, Li W, Wang Z. Data fusion of electronic noses and electronic tongues aids in botanical origin identification on imbalanced Codonopsis Radix samples. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19120. [PMID: 36352023 PMCID: PMC9646742 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23857-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Codonopsis Radix (CR) is an edible food and traditional Chinese herb medicine in China. Various varieties of Codonopsis Radix have different tastes. To make the flavor of processed food stable, two kinds of electronic sensory devices, electronic nose and electronic tongue, were used to establish a discrimination model to identify the botanical origin of each sample. The optimal model built on the 88 batches of samples was selected from the models trained with all combination of two pretreatment methods and three classification methods. A comparison were performed on the models trained on the data collected by electronic nose and electronic tongue. The results showed that the model trained on the fused dataset outperformed the models trained separately on the electronic nose data and electronic tongue data. The two preprocessing approaches could improve the prediction performance of all classification methods. Classification and Regression Tree approach performed better than Partial Least Square Discriminant Analysis and Linear Discriminant Analysis in terms of accuracy. But Classification and Regression Tree tends to assign the samples of minority class to the majority class. Meanwhile, Partial Least Square Discriminant Analysis keeps a good balance between the identification requirements of all the two groups of samples. Taking all the results above, the model built using the Partial Least Square Discriminant Analysis method on the fused data after z-score was used to identify the botanical origin of Codonopsis Radix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuying Wang
- Beijing Zhongyan Tongrentang Medicine R&D Co.Ltd, Beijing, 100079 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhaozhou Lin
- Beijing Zhongyan Tongrentang Medicine R&D Co.Ltd, Beijing, 100079 People’s Republic of China
| | - Bei Zhang
- Beijing Zhongyan Tongrentang Medicine R&D Co.Ltd, Beijing, 100079 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Du
- Beijing Zhongyan Tongrentang Medicine R&D Co.Ltd, Beijing, 100079 People’s Republic of China
| | - Wen Li
- grid.32566.340000 0000 8571 0482School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhibin Wang
- Beijing Zhongyan Tongrentang Medicine R&D Co.Ltd, Beijing, 100079 People’s Republic of China
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Zhang H, Jiang F, Li L, Liu X, Yan JK. Recent advances in the bioactive polysaccharides and other key components from Phellinus spp. and their pharmacological effects: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 222:3108-3128. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.10.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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The Obesity Amelioration Effect in High-Fat-Diet Fed Mice of a Homogeneous Polysaccharide from Codonopsis pilosula. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27165348. [PMID: 36014584 PMCID: PMC9415953 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27165348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A homogeneous polysaccharide coded as CPP-1 was extracted and purified from the root of Codonopsis pilosula (Franch.) Nannf. by water extraction, ethanol precipitation, and column chromatography. Its structure was analyzed by HPGPC-ELSD, HPLC, GC-MS, FT-IR, and NMR techniques. The results indicated that CPP-1 was composed of mannose (Man), glucose (Glc), galactose (Gal), and arabinose (Ara) at a molar ratio of 5.86 : 51.69 : 34.34 : 8.08. The methylation analysis revealed that the main glycosidic linkage types of CPP-1 were (1→)-linked-Glc residue, (1→3)-linked-Glc residues, (1→4)-linked-Gal residue, (1→2,3,4)-linked-Glc residue, (1→)-linked-Man residue, (1→3,4)-linked-Glc residue, and (1→)-linked-Ara residue. In vivo efficacy trial illustrated that CPP-1 supplements could alleviate HFD-induced mice obesity significantly, as well as improve obesity-induced disorders of glucose metabolism, alleviate insulin resistance, and improve the effects of lipid metabolism. The findings indicate that this polysaccharide has the potential for the treatment of obesity.
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Structural diversity and bioactivity of polysaccharides from medicinal mushroom Phellinus spp.: A review. Food Chem 2022; 397:133731. [PMID: 35908464 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Phellinus spp., an important medicinal fungus mushroom extensively cultivated and consumed in East Asia for over 2000 years, is traditionally considered a precious food supplement and medicinal ingredient. Published studies showed that the polysaccharides are major bioactive macromolecules from Phellinus spp. (PPs) with multiple health-promoting effects, including immunomodulatory, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, antioxidant, and other bioactivities. Although the polysaccharides extracted from the fruiting body, mycelium, and fermentation broth of Phellinus spp. have been extensively studied for the extraction and purification methods, structural characteristics, and pharmacological activities, the knowledge for their structures and bioactivity relationship, toxicologic effects, and pharmacokinetic profile is limited. This review systematically summarizes the recent progress in the isolation and purification, chemical structures, bioactivities, and the underlying mechanisms of PPs. Information from this review provides insights into the further development of polysaccharides from PPs as therapeutic agents and functional foods.
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22
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Bai R, Wang Y, Fan J, Zhang J, Li W, Zhang Y, Hu F. Intra-regional classification of Codonopsis Radix produced in Gansu province (China) by multi-elemental analysis and chemometric tools. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8549. [PMID: 35595826 PMCID: PMC9123173 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12556-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Multi-elemental analysis is widely used to identify the geographical origins of plants. The purpose of this study was to explore the feasibility of combining chemometrics with multi-element analysis for classification of Codonopsis Radix from different producing regions of Gansu province (China). A total of 117 Codonopsis Radix samples from 7 counties of Gansu province were collected. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used for the determination of 28 elements (39 K, 24 Mg, 44Ca, 27Al, 137Ba, 57Fe, 23Na, 88Sr, 55Mn, 66Zn, 65Cu, 85Rb, 61Ni, 53Cr, 51 V, 7Li, 208Pb, 59Co, 75As, 133Cs, 71 Ga, 77Se, 205Tl, 114Cd, 238U, 107Ag, 4Be and 202Hg). Among macro elements, 39 K showed the highest level, whereas 23Na was found to have the lowest content value. Micro elements showed the concentrations order of: 88Sr > 55Mn > 66Zn > 85Rb > 65Cu. Among trace elements, 53Cr and 61Ni showed higher content and 4Be was not detected in all samples. Intra-regions differentiation was performed by principal component analysis (PCA), cluster analysis (CA) and supervised learning algorithms such as linear discriminant analysis (LDA), k-nearest neighbors (k-NN), support vector machines (SVM), and random forests (RF). Among them, the RF model performed the best with an accuracy rate of 78.79%. Multi-elemental analysis combined with RF was a reliable method to identify the origins of Codonopsis Radix in Gansu province.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruibin Bai
- School of Pharmacy @ the State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yanping Wang
- School of Pharmacy @ the State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Jingmin Fan
- School of Pharmacy @ the State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- School of Pharmacy @ the State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Wen Li
- School of Pharmacy @ the State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Gelatin-Based Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dong-E-E-Jiao Co., Ltd., Liaocheng, 252052, China
| | - Fangdi Hu
- School of Pharmacy @ the State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
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23
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Wang Y, Han J, Zhang J, Li X, Bai R, Hu F. A monitoring survey and health risk assessment for pesticide residues on Codonopsis Radix in China. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8133. [PMID: 35581226 PMCID: PMC9114365 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11428-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the safety of Codonopsis Radix (CR) has attracted considerable attention. Pesticide residues is an important index to evaluate the safety of CR. The purpose of this study was to monitor pesticide residues in 164 batches of CR in China and assess dietary risk assessment. Firstly, a combined method of QuEChERS-GC–MS/MS and QuEChERS-LC–MS/MS was established for determination of 155 pesticide residues in CR. Second, 155 Pesticide residues in 3 CR cultivars from Gansu, Shanxi, Hubei, Guizhou and Chongqing were determined by this method. Finally, the risk score of pesticide residues in CR was evaluated, and the dietary health risk was evaluated based on the pesticide residues in CR. The results demonstrated that one or more pesticide residues were detected in 39 batches (23.78%) of 164 batches of CR. Of the 155 pesticide residues, 20 were detected. The most frequently detected pesticide residue was dimethomorph with a detection rate of 5.49%. Risk scores showed that 6 pesticides were at higher risk. Risk assessment based on the hazard quotient/hazard index (HQ/HI) approach revealed that exposure to pesticide residues which detected in CR were far below levels that might pose a health risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, 199 Dong-gang Road West, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Jiabin Han
- The State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, 199 Dong-gang Road West, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Jinjin Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, 199 Dong-gang Road West, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xue Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, 199 Dong-gang Road West, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Ruibin Bai
- The State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, 199 Dong-gang Road West, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Fangdi Hu
- The State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, 199 Dong-gang Road West, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
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24
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Cao L, Du C, Zhai X, Li J, Meng J, Shao Y, Gao J. Codonopsis pilosula Polysaccharide Improved Spleen Deficiency in Mice by Modulating Gut Microbiota and Energy Related Metabolisms. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:862763. [PMID: 35559259 PMCID: PMC9086242 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.862763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Codonopsis Radix (CR) is an important traditional Chinese medicine used for the treatment of spleen deficiency syndrome (SDS). Codonopsis pilosula polysaccharides (CPP) in CR are considered to be responsible for tonifying the spleen function; however, the mechanisms of the polysaccharides have remained unclear. This study aimed to investigate the treatment mechanisms of CPP in SDS mice using a combinational strategy of 16S rRNA gene sequencing and targeted metabolomics. Here, studies demonstrated that CPP had invigorating effect in vivo in Sennae Folium-induced SDS in mice by organ indexes, D-xylose determination, gastrointestinal hormones levels and goblet cells observation. Antibiotic treatment revealed that the intestinal microbiota was required for the invigorating spleen effect of CPP. Furthermore, gut microbiota analysis found that CPP significantly enriched probiotic Lactobacillus and decreased the abundance of some opportunistic pathogens, such as Enterococcus and Shigella. The metabolic profile analysis of the colonic content revealed that 25 chemicals were altered significantly by CPP, including amino acids, organic acids, fatty acids, carbohydrates and carnitine etc., which are mainly related to “energy conversion” related processes such as amino acids metabolism, tricarboxylic acid cycle, and nitrogen metabolism. Spearman’s correlation assays displayed there were strong correlations among biochemical indicators-gut microbiota-metabolomics. In summary, these results provided a new perspective for CPP improving SDS by regulating energy metabolism related bacteria and pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingya Cao
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Changli Du
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiaolu Zhai
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jiankuan Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jingyi Meng
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yunyun Shao
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jianping Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
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25
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Bai R, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Han J, Wang Z, Zhou J, Hu F. Analysis and Health Risk Assessment of Potentially Toxic Elements in Three Codonopsis Radix Varieties in China. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:2475-2485. [PMID: 34383249 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02806-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
As a valuable medicine food homology plant, Codonopsis Radix has been widely used in China. This study aimed to analyze the content of nine potentially toxic elements in three Codonopsis Radix varieties and evaluate their health risks to the human body. In this study, a total of 147 samples were collected from five provinces in China. The content of nine potentially toxic elements (Al, Mn, Cu, Cr, Ni, As, Pb, Cd, and Hg) were determined by ICP-MS. Results showed that the average contents of Al, Mn, Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb, As, Cd, and Hg were 486.81, 30.30, 5.59, 1.38, 1.24, 0.40, 0.20, 0.16, and 0.11 mg/kg, respectively. The Codonopsis tangshen Oliv. samples from Hubei showed the highest contents of eight elements (Al, Mn, Cr, Ni, Pb, As, Cd, and Hg) among three varieties, and the highest Cu level was found in Codonopsis pilosula (Franch.) Nannf. samples from Shanxi. The content of toxic elements in three Codonopsis Radix varieties showed significant differences (p < 0.05). LDA models facilitated the identification of three Codonopsis Radix varieties with a 91.2% classification score and 89.1% prediction score. Further, when Codonopsis Radix was used as food or medicine, both the hazard quotient values for single element and the hazard index values for nine elements (0.87 for food and 0.84 for medicine) were far below one. The carcinogenic risk values for Pb in Codonopsis Radix when used as food or medicine were 1.14 × 10-6 and 5.51 × 10-8; the values for As were 4.80 × 10-5 and 4.98 × 10-6, respectively. It indicated that under the current consumption of Codonopsis Radix, the non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks from these potentially toxic elements were acceptable for consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruibin Bai
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, 199 Dong-gang Road West, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yanping Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, 199 Dong-gang Road West, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yajie Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, 199 Dong-gang Road West, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, 199 Dong-gang Road West, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Jiabing Han
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, 199 Dong-gang Road West, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Zixia Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, 199 Dong-gang Road West, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, 199 Dong-gang Road West, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Fangdi Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, 199 Dong-gang Road West, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
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26
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Wang Y, Wang C, Xue H, Jin Y, Yang M, Leng F. Comparative analysis of three kinds of extraction kinetic models of crude polysaccharides from Codonopsis pilosula and evaluate the characteristics of crude polysaccharides. BIOMASS CONVERSION AND BIOREFINERY 2022; 13:1-17. [PMID: 35342681 PMCID: PMC8933859 DOI: 10.1007/s13399-022-02518-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the second-order model, Fick's second law of diffusion, and the Peleg model were used to evaluate the extraction kinetic model of polysaccharide (CPP) from Codonopsis pilosula. The characteristic functional groups, surface structure, and physical and chemical properties of CPP were analyzed by multi-spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. The results showed that the extraction process agreed well with the second-order model, Fick's second diffusion law, and Peleg model. Rheological tests showed that CPP exhibited different viscosity changes under different conditions (Solution viscosity was inversely proportional to temperature, time, etc.; proportional to polysaccharide concentration, Na+ content, etc.). CPP was composed of molecular aggregates composed of small particles, with more pore structure and basically completely decomposed at 130 °C. The hypoglycemic study showed that CPP had a strong inhibitory effect on α-glycosidase than α-amylase. The morphology and subsequent structural features, anti-diabetic potential, and rheological properties of CPP were revealed to provide a theoretical basis for the development of pharmaceutical preparations or health food and functional food for the treatment of diabetes. Graphic Abstract Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13399-022-02518-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonggang Wang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Langongping Road 287, Qilihe District, Lanzhou City, 730050 Gansu Province China
| | - Chenliang Wang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Langongping Road 287, Qilihe District, Lanzhou City, 730050 Gansu Province China
| | - Hongyan Xue
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Langongping Road 287, Qilihe District, Lanzhou City, 730050 Gansu Province China
| | - Yongming Jin
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Langongping Road 287, Qilihe District, Lanzhou City, 730050 Gansu Province China
| | - Mingjun Yang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Langongping Road 287, Qilihe District, Lanzhou City, 730050 Gansu Province China
| | - Feifan Leng
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Langongping Road 287, Qilihe District, Lanzhou City, 730050 Gansu Province China
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27
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He Y, Chen Z, Nie X, Wang D, Zhang Q, Peng T, Zhang C, Wu D, Zhang J. Recent advances in polysaccharides from edible and medicinal Polygonati rhizoma: From bench to market. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 195:102-116. [PMID: 34896461 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Although the increasing studies have corroborated the biological activities and great market utilization value of polysaccharide fractions derived from Polygonati rhizome, a well-known edible and medicinal plant, Polygonati rhizome polysaccharides (PRPs) still lack sufficient attention. Herein, we make attempt to systematically summarize recent advances in the extraction, purification, structural characteristics, biological activities, and commercial products of PRPs. Based on the detailed extraction and structural characteristics, the biological activities of PRPs including immune-regulation, anti-osteoporosis, anti-Alzheimer's disease, anti-diabetes and anti-atherosclerotic, are emphatically summarized, as well as the possible related mechanisms. Most importantly, about 365 kinds of commercial functional foods and over 500 patents related to PRPs as the main raw material were analyzed to explore the status quo and bottleneck for the development and utilization of PRPs. In conclusion, this review will benefit to bridge the gap between basic knowledge and market innovations, and facilitate the in-depth utilization of PRPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan He
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Zhejie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Xin Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Di Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Pengzhou Hospital of traditional Chinese Medicine, Pengzhou 611930, China
| | - Teng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Dingtao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industrialization, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China.
| | - Jinming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
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28
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Li J, Wang Y, Ji J, Cao L, Bai Y, Gao J. Structural characterization and immunomodulatory activity of a glucan from Radix Codonopsis. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
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