1
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Saddler MR, McDermott JH. Models optimized for real-world tasks reveal the necessity of precise temporal coding in hearing. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.21.590435. [PMID: 38712054 PMCID: PMC11071365 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.21.590435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Neurons encode information in the timing of their spikes in addition to their firing rates. Spike timing is particularly precise in the auditory nerve, where action potentials phase lock to sound with sub-millisecond precision, but its behavioral relevance is uncertain. To investigate the role of this temporal coding, we optimized machine learning models to perform real-world hearing tasks with simulated cochlear input. We asked how precise auditory nerve spike timing needed to be to reproduce human behavior. Models with high-fidelity phase locking exhibited more human-like sound localization and speech perception than models without, consistent with an essential role in human hearing. Degrading phase locking produced task-dependent effects, revealing how the use of fine-grained temporal information reflects both ecological task demands and neural implementation constraints. The results link neural coding to perception and clarify conditions in which prostheses that fail to restore high-fidelity temporal coding could in principle restore near-normal hearing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark R Saddler
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Brains, Minds, and Machines, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Josh H McDermott
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Brains, Minds, and Machines, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Program in Speech and Hearing Biosciences and Technology, Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
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2
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Yu H, Song L, Duan X, Zhu D, Li N, Pan R, Xu R, Yu X, Ye F, Jiang X, Ye H, Pan Z, Wei S, Jiang Z. Optogenetics in taste research: A decade of enlightenment. Oral Dis 2024; 30:903-913. [PMID: 36620868 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The electrophysiological function of the tongue involves complicated activities in taste sense, producing the perceptions of salty, sweet, bitter, and sour. However, therapies and prevention of taste loss arising from dysfunction in electrophysiological activity require further fundamental research. Optogenetics has revolutionized neuroscience and brought the study of sensory system to a higher level in taste. The year 2022 marks a decade of developments of optogenetics in taste since this technology was adopted from neuroscience and applied to the taste research. This review summarizes a decade of advances that define near-term translation with optogenetic tools, and newly-discovered mechanisms with the applications of these tools. The main limitations and opportunities for optogenetics in taste research are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanshu Yu
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Luyao Song
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiangyao Duan
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Danji Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases, Cancer Centre of Zhejiang University, Stomatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Na Li
- Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases, Cancer Centre of Zhejiang University, Stomatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Runxin Pan
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rui Xu
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinying Yu
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fengkai Ye
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinrui Jiang
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Han Ye
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zikang Pan
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sixing Wei
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhiwei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases, Cancer Centre of Zhejiang University, Stomatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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3
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Dong W, Dai X, Jia Y, Ye S, Shen C, Liu M, Lin F, Sun X, Xiong Y, Deng B. Association between Baijiu chemistry and taste change: Constituents, sensory properties, and analytical approaches. Food Chem 2024; 437:137826. [PMID: 37897822 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
Typical flavors, such as sourness, sweetness, and bitterness, possess numerous functions and physiological significance, and are closely related to Baijiu production management, quality control, and product development. However, current research on Baijiu flavor primarily focuses on the volatile constituents and distinctive aroma compounds. Furthermore, studies on taste substance recognition, identification, and formation are remain in the preliminary phase. Herein, we take an integrated account of the signal transduction, recognition, composition, and sensory properties of the three main basic tastes of Baijiu, including sourness, sweetness, and bitterness. Moreover, to elucidate the factors that might influence the taste perception of Baijiu, we also discussed the biotic and abiotic factors within the fermentation system. Finally, further elucidating the contribution underlying the three main tastes in Baijiu using a combination of the "Sensomics" and "Flavoromics", will allow for Baijiu taste characteristics to be manipulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Dong
- Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; Key Laboratory of Brewing Molecular Engineering of China Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Xinran Dai
- Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; Key Laboratory of Brewing Molecular Engineering of China Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Yintao Jia
- Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; Key Laboratory of Brewing Molecular Engineering of China Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Siting Ye
- Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; Key Laboratory of Brewing Molecular Engineering of China Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Caihong Shen
- Luzhou Laojiao Co. Ltd., Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Miao Liu
- Luzhou Laojiao Co. Ltd., Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Feng Lin
- Luzhou Laojiao Co. Ltd., Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Xiaotao Sun
- Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; Key Laboratory of Brewing Molecular Engineering of China Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Yanfei Xiong
- Luzhou Laojiao Co. Ltd., Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Bo Deng
- Luzhou Laojiao Co. Ltd., Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
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4
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Ortega-Insaurralde I, Latorre-Estivalis JM, Costa-da-Silva AL, Cano A, Insausti TC, Morales HS, Pontes G, de Astrada MB, Ons S, DeGennaro M, Barrozo RB. The pharyngeal taste organ of a blood-feeding insect functions in food recognition. BMC Biol 2024; 22:63. [PMID: 38481317 PMCID: PMC10938694 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-024-01861-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obligate blood-feeding insects obtain the nutrients and water necessary to ensure survival from the vertebrate blood. The internal taste sensilla, situated in the pharynx, evaluate the suitability of the ingested food. Here, through multiple approaches, we characterized the pharyngeal organ (PO) of the hematophagous kissing bug Rhodnius prolixus to determine its role in food assessment. The PO, located antero-dorsally in the pharynx, comprises eight taste sensilla that become bathed with the incoming blood. RESULTS We showed that these taste sensilla house gustatory receptor neurons projecting their axons through the labral nerves to reach the subesophageal zone in the brain. We found that these neurons are electrically activated by relevant appetitive and aversive gustatory stimuli such as NaCl, ATP, and caffeine. Using RNA-Seq, we examined the expression of sensory-related gene families in the PO. We identified gustatory receptors, ionotropic receptors, transient receptor potential channels, pickpocket channels, opsins, takeouts, neuropeptide precursors, neuropeptide receptors, and biogenic amine receptors. RNA interference assays demonstrated that the salt-related pickpocket channel Rproppk014276 is required during feeding of an appetitive solution of NaCl and ATP. CONCLUSIONS We provide evidence of the role of the pharyngeal organ in food evaluation. This work shows a comprehensive characterization of a pharyngeal taste organ in a hematophagous insect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Ortega-Insaurralde
- Laboratorio de Neuroetología de Insectos, Departamento Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental (DBBE), Instituto Biodiversidad Biología Experimental y Aplicada (IBBEA), CONICET, Facultad Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - José Manuel Latorre-Estivalis
- Laboratorio de Insectos Sociales, Instituto de Fisiología Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE), CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Andre Luis Costa-da-Silva
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biomolecular Sciences Institute, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Agustina Cano
- Laboratorio de Neuroetología de Insectos, Departamento Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental (DBBE), Instituto Biodiversidad Biología Experimental y Aplicada (IBBEA), CONICET, Facultad Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Héctor Salas Morales
- Laboratorio de Neuroetología de Insectos, Departamento Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental (DBBE), Instituto Biodiversidad Biología Experimental y Aplicada (IBBEA), CONICET, Facultad Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gina Pontes
- Laboratorio de Ecofisiología de Insectos, Departamento Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental (DBBE), Instituto Biodiversidad Biología Experimental y Aplicada (IBBEA), CONICET, Facultad Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Martín Berón de Astrada
- Laboratorio de Fisiología de la Visión, Departamento de Fisiología Biología Molecular y Celular (FBMC), Instituto de Biociencias Biotecnología y Biología Traslacional (IB3), Facultad Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sheila Ons
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología de Insectos, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas (CENEXA), Centro Regional de Estudios Genómicos, CONICET, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Matthew DeGennaro
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biomolecular Sciences Institute, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Romina B Barrozo
- Laboratorio de Neuroetología de Insectos, Departamento Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental (DBBE), Instituto Biodiversidad Biología Experimental y Aplicada (IBBEA), CONICET, Facultad Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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5
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Edens BM, Bronner ME. Making developmental sense of the senses, their origin and function. Curr Top Dev Biol 2024; 159:132-167. [PMID: 38729675 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2024.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
The primary senses-touch, taste, sight, smell, and hearing-connect animals with their environments and with one another. Aside from the eyes, the primary sense organs of vertebrates and the peripheral sensory pathways that relay their inputs arise from two transient stem cell populations: the neural crest and the cranial placodes. In this chapter we consider the senses from historical and cultural perspectives, and discuss the senses as biological faculties. We begin with the embryonic origin of the neural crest and cranial placodes from within the neural plate border of the ectodermal germ layer. Then, we describe the major chemical (i.e. olfactory and gustatory) and mechanical (i.e. vestibulo-auditory and somatosensory) senses, with an emphasis on the developmental interactions between neural crest and cranial placodes that shape their structures and functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany M Edens
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States
| | - Marianne E Bronner
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States.
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6
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Bontonou G, Saint-Leandre B, Kafle T, Baticle T, Hassan A, Sánchez-Alcañiz JA, Arguello JR. Evolution of chemosensory tissues and cells across ecologically diverse Drosophilids. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1047. [PMID: 38316749 PMCID: PMC10844241 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44558-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Chemosensory tissues exhibit significant between-species variability, yet the evolution of gene expression and cell types underlying this diversity remain poorly understood. To address these questions, we conducted transcriptomic analyses of five chemosensory tissues from six Drosophila species and integrated the findings with single-cell datasets. While stabilizing selection predominantly shapes chemosensory transcriptomes, thousands of genes in each tissue have evolved expression differences. Genes that have changed expression in one tissue have often changed in multiple other tissues but at different past epochs and are more likely to be cell type-specific than unchanged genes. Notably, chemosensory-related genes have undergone widespread expression changes, with numerous species-specific gains/losses including novel chemoreceptors expression patterns. Sex differences are also pervasive, including a D. melanogaster-specific excess of male-biased expression in sensory and muscle cells in its forelegs. Together, our analyses provide new insights for understanding evolutionary changes in chemosensory tissues at both global and individual gene levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwénaëlle Bontonou
- Department of Ecology & Evolution, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Bastien Saint-Leandre
- Department of Ecology & Evolution, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Tane Kafle
- Department of Ecology & Evolution, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tess Baticle
- Department of Ecology & Evolution, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Afrah Hassan
- Department of Ecology & Evolution, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - J Roman Arguello
- Department of Ecology & Evolution, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland.
- School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
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7
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Tai P, Ding P, Wang F, Gong A, Li T, Zhao L, Su L, Fu Y. Brain-computer interface paradigms and neural coding. Front Neurosci 2024; 17:1345961. [PMID: 38287988 PMCID: PMC10822902 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1345961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Brain signal patterns generated in the central nervous system of brain-computer interface (BCI) users are closely related to BCI paradigms and neural coding. In BCI systems, BCI paradigms and neural coding are critical elements for BCI research. However, so far there have been few references that clearly and systematically elaborated on the definition and design principles of the BCI paradigm as well as the definition and modeling principles of BCI neural coding. Therefore, these contents are expounded and the existing main BCI paradigms and neural coding are introduced in the review. Finally, the challenges and future research directions of BCI paradigm and neural coding were discussed, including user-centered design and evaluation for BCI paradigms and neural coding, revolutionizing the traditional BCI paradigms, breaking through the existing techniques for collecting brain signals and combining BCI technology with advanced AI technology to improve brain signal decoding performance. It is expected that the review will inspire innovative research and development of the BCI paradigm and neural coding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengrui Tai
- Faculty of Information Engineering and Automation, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
- Brain Cognition and Brain-Computer Intelligence Integration Group, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Peng Ding
- Faculty of Information Engineering and Automation, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
- Brain Cognition and Brain-Computer Intelligence Integration Group, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Faculty of Information Engineering and Automation, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
- Brain Cognition and Brain-Computer Intelligence Integration Group, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Anmin Gong
- School of Information Engineering, Chinese People’s Armed Police Force Engineering University, Xi’an, China
| | - Tianwen Li
- Brain Cognition and Brain-Computer Intelligence Integration Group, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
- Faculty of Science, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Brain Cognition and Brain-Computer Intelligence Integration Group, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
- Faculty of Science, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Lei Su
- Faculty of Information Engineering and Automation, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
- Brain Cognition and Brain-Computer Intelligence Integration Group, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Yunfa Fu
- Faculty of Information Engineering and Automation, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
- Brain Cognition and Brain-Computer Intelligence Integration Group, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
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8
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Obayashi N, Sakayori N, Kawaguchi H, Sugita M. Effect of irinotecan administration on amiloride-sensitive sodium taste responses in mice. Eur J Oral Sci 2023; 131:e12922. [PMID: 36852977 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Taste alteration is a frequently reported side effect in patients receiving the chemotherapeutic agent, irinotecan. However, the way in which irinotecan causes taste disturbance and the type of taste impairment that is affected remain elusive. Here, we used the two-bottle preference test to characterize behavioral taste responses and employed immunohistochemical analyses to clarify the types and mechanisms of taste alteration induced, in mice, by irinotecan administration. Irinotecan administration resulted in a reduced intake of sodium taste solution but had no effect on sweet taste responses, as determined in the two-bottle preference test. In the presence of amiloride, which inhibits the function of the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) in the periphery, the intake of sodium taste solution was comparable between the irinotecan-treated and control groups. Immunohistochemical analyses revealed that α-ENaC immunoreactivity detected in taste bud cells decreased slowly after irinotecan administration, and that administration of irinotecan had little effect on the number of cells expressing the cellular proliferation marker, Ki67, within or around taste buds. Our results imply that irinotecan administration may be responsible for altered behavioral sodium taste responses originating from ENaC function in the periphery, while being accompanied by the reduction of α-ENaC expression at the apical membrane of taste receptor cells without disturbing taste cell renewal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nami Obayashi
- Department of Physiology and Oral Physiology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
- Department of General Dentistry, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Sakayori
- Department of Physiology and Oral Physiology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kawaguchi
- Department of General Dentistry, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Makoto Sugita
- Department of Physiology and Oral Physiology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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9
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Doyle ME, Premathilake HU, Yao Q, Mazucanti CH, Egan JM. Physiology of the tongue with emphasis on taste transduction. Physiol Rev 2023; 103:1193-1246. [PMID: 36422992 PMCID: PMC9942923 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00012.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The tongue is a complex multifunctional organ that interacts and senses both interoceptively and exteroceptively. Although it is easily visible to almost all of us, it is relatively understudied and what is in the literature is often contradictory or is not comprehensively reported. The tongue is both a motor and a sensory organ: motor in that it is required for speech and mastication, and sensory in that it receives information to be relayed to the central nervous system pertaining to the safety and quality of the contents of the oral cavity. Additionally, the tongue and its taste apparatus form part of an innate immune surveillance system. For example, loss or alteration in taste perception can be an early indication of infection as became evident during the present global SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Here, we particularly emphasize the latest updates in the mechanisms of taste perception, taste bud formation and adult taste bud renewal, and the presence and effects of hormones on taste perception, review the understudied lingual immune system with specific reference to SARS-CoV-2, discuss nascent work on tongue microbiome, as well as address the effect of systemic disease on tongue structure and function, especially in relation to taste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Máire E Doyle
- Diabetes Section/Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Hasitha U Premathilake
- Diabetes Section/Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Qin Yao
- Diabetes Section/Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Caio H Mazucanti
- Diabetes Section/Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Josephine M Egan
- Diabetes Section/Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
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10
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Qin C, Yuan Q, Han H, Chen C, Wu J, Wei X, Liu M, Zhang H, Ping J, Xu L, Wang P. Biomimetic integrated gustatory and olfactory sensing array based on HL-1 cardiomyocyte facilitating drug screening for tachycardia treatment. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 223:115034. [PMID: 36574741 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.115034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The ectopic co-expression of taste and olfactory receptors in cardiomyocytes provides not only possibilities for the construction of biomimetic gustatory and olfactory sensors but also promising novel therapeutic targets for tachycardia treatment. Here, bitter taste and olfactory receptors endogenously expressed in HL-1 cells were verified by RT-PCR and immunofluorescence staining. Then HL-1 cardiomyocyte-based integrated gustatory and olfactory sensing array coupling with the microelectrode array (MEA) was first constructed for drugs screening and evaluation for tachycardia treatment. The MEA sensor detected the extracellular field potentials and reflected the systolic-diastolic properties of cardiomyocytes in real time in a label-free and non-invasive way. The in vitro tachycardia model was constructed using isoproterenol as the stimulator. The proposed sensing array facilitated potential drug screening for tachycardia treatment, such as salicin, artemisinin, xanthotoxin, and azelaic acid which all activated specific receptors on HL-1 cells. IC50 values for four potential drugs were calculated to be 0.0036 μM, 309.8 μM, 14.68 μM, and 0.102 μM, respectively. Visualization analysis with heatmaps and PCA cluster showed that different taste and odorous drugs could be easily distinguished. The mean inter-class Euclidean distance between different bitter drugs was 1.681, which was smaller than the distance between bitter and odorous drugs of 2.764. And the inter-class distance was significantly higher than the mean intra-class Euclidean distance of 1.172. In summary, this study not only indicates a new path for constructing novel integrated gustatory and olfactory sensors but also provides a powerful tool for the quantitative evaluation of potential drugs for tachycardia treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlian Qin
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou, 311200, China
| | - Qunchen Yuan
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Education Ministry, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Haote Han
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou, 311200, China
| | - Changming Chen
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Education Ministry, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Jianguo Wu
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Education Ministry, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Xinwei Wei
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou, 311200, China
| | - Mengxue Liu
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Education Ministry, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Education Ministry, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Jianfeng Ping
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou, 311200, China
| | - Lizhou Xu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou, 311200, China.
| | - Ping Wang
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Education Ministry, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
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11
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Matsumoto K, Kamide M, Uchida K, Takahata M, Shichiri R, Hida Y, Taniguchi Y, Ohishi A, Tominaga M, Nagasawa K, Kato S. Transient Receptor Potential Ankyrin 1 in Taste Nerve Contributes to the Sense of Sweet Taste in Mice. Biol Pharm Bull 2023; 46:939-945. [PMID: 37394645 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b23-00091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels play a significant role in taste perception. TRP ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) is present in the afferent sensory neurons and is activated by food-derived ingredients, such as Japanese horseradish, cinnamon, and garlic. The present study aimed to investigate the expression of TRPA1 in taste buds, and determine its functional roles in taste perception using TRPA1-deficient mice. In circumvallate papillae, TRPA1 immunoreactivity colocalised with P2X2 receptor-positive taste nerves but not with type II or III taste cell markers. Behavioural studies showed that TRPA1 deficiency significantly reduced sensitivity to sweet and umami tastes, but not to salty, bitter, and sour tastes, compared to that in wild-type animals. Furthermore, administration of the TRPA1 antagonist HC030031 significantly decreased taste preference to sucrose solution compared to that in the vehicle-treated group in the two-bottle preference tests. TRPA1 deficiency did not affect the structure of circumvallate papillae or the expression of type II or III taste cell and taste nerve markers. Adenosine 5'-O-(3-thio)triphosphate evoked inward currents did not differ between P2X2- and P2X2/TRPA1-expressing human embryonic kidney 293T cells. TRPA1-deficient mice had significantly decreased c-fos expression in the nucleus of the solitary tract in the brain stem following sucrose stimulation than wild-type mice. Taken together, the current study suggested that TRPA1 in the taste nerve contributes to the sense of sweet taste in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenjiro Matsumoto
- Division of Pathological Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University
| | - Mayu Kamide
- Division of Pathological Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University
| | - Kunitoshi Uchida
- Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka
- Laboratory of Functional Physiology, Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka
| | - Mitsuki Takahata
- Division of Pathological Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University
| | - Runa Shichiri
- Division of Pathological Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University
| | - Yuka Hida
- Division of Pathological Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University
| | - Yumi Taniguchi
- Division of Pathological Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University
| | - Akihiro Ohishi
- Division of Biological Sciences, Department of Environmental Biochemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University
| | - Makoto Tominaga
- Division of Cell Signaling, Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience (National Institute for Physiological Sciences)
| | - Kazuki Nagasawa
- Division of Biological Sciences, Department of Environmental Biochemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University
| | - Shinichi Kato
- Division of Pathological Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University
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12
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Lee BP, Spence C. Crossmodal correspondences between basic tastes and visual design features: A narrative historical review. Iperception 2022; 13:20416695221127325. [PMID: 36246303 PMCID: PMC9558874 DOI: 10.1177/20416695221127325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
People tend to associate abstract visual features with basic taste qualities. This narrative historical review critically evaluates the literature on these associations, often referred to as crossmodal correspondences, between basic tastes and visual design features such as color hue and shape curvilinearity. The patterns, discrepancies, and evolution in the development of the research are highlighted while the mappings that have been reported to date are summarized. The review also reflects on issues of cross-cultural validity and deviations in the matching patterns that are observed when correspondences are assessed with actual tastants versus with verbal stimuli. The various theories that have been proposed to account for different classes of crossmodal correspondence are discussed, among which the statistical and affective (or emotional-mediation) accounts currently appear most promising. Several critical research questions for the future are presented to address the gaps that have been identified in the literature and help validate the popular theories on the origin and operations of visual-taste correspondences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byron P. Lee
- Byron P. Lee, New Radcliffe House,
Radcliffe Observatory Quarter, Woodstock Road, Oxford OX2 6GG, UK.
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13
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Tian Y, Wang P, Du L, Wu C. Advances in gustatory biomimetic biosensing technologies: In vitro and in vivo bioelectronic tongue. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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14
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Nakajima KI. Neural insights into sweet taste transduction and hunger-induced taste modification in mice. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2022; 86:1485-1489. [PMID: 35998309 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbac142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Feeding is one of the most fundamental activities in the survival and reproduction of animals. During feeding, the gustatory system functions as a gate keeper to evaluate food quality. Accumulated evidence in the field of taste research has shown that five basic tastes (sweet, umami, sour, bitter, and salty) are sensed by the corresponding taste receptors expressed in taste receptor cells on the tongue. In contrast, brain mechanisms that transduce or modify taste information have been less studied. In this review, I introduce our recent findings on the sweet taste transduction in the brainstem of mice and explain the hypothalamic neuronal network regulating hunger-induced taste modification. Finally, future perspectives are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken-Ichiro Nakajima
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan.,Department of Physiological Sciences, School of Life Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
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15
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The impact of caloric availability on eating behavior and ultra-processed food reward. Appetite 2022; 178:106274. [PMID: 35963586 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2022.106274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The food environment has changed rapidly and dramatically in the last 50 years. While industrial food processing has increased the safety and stability of the food supply, a rapid expansion in the scope and scale of food processing in the 1980's has resulted in a market dominated by ultra-processed foods. Here, we use the NOVA definition of category 4 ultra-processed foods (UPFs) as they make up around 58% of total calories consumed in the US and 66% of calories in US children. UPFs are formulated from ingredients with no or infrequent culinary use, contain additives, and have a long shelf-life, spending long periods in contact with packaging materials, allowing for the absorption of compounds from those materials. The full implications of this dietary shift to UPFs on human health and disease outcomes are difficult, if not impossible, to quantify. However, UPF consumption is linked with various forms of cancer, increased cardiovascular disease, and increased all-cause mortality. Understanding food choice is, therefore, a critical problem in health research. Although many factors influence food choice, here we focus on the properties of the foods themselves. UPFs are generally treated as food, not as the highly refined, industrialized substances that they are, whose properties and components must be studied. Here, we examine one property of UPFs, that they deliver useable calories rapidly as a potential factor driving UPF overconsumption. First, we explore evidence that UPFs deliver calories more rapidly. Next, we examine the role of the gut-brain axis and its interplay with canonical reward systems, and last, we describe how speed affects both basic learning processes and drugs of abuse.
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16
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Shen L, Zhang GW, Tao C, Seo MB, Zhang NK, Huang JJ, Zhang LI, Tao HW. A bottom-up reward pathway mediated by somatostatin neurons in the medial septum complex underlying appetitive learning. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1194. [PMID: 35256596 PMCID: PMC8901785 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28854-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Valence detection and processing are essential for the survival of animals and their life quality in complex environments. Neural circuits underlying the transformation of external sensory signals into positive valence coding to generate appropriate behavioral responses remain not well-studied. Here, we report that somatostatin (SOM) subtype of GABAergic neurons in the mouse medial septum complex (MS), but not parvalbumin subtype or glutamatergic neurons, specifically encode reward signals and positive valence. Through an ascending pathway from the nucleus of solitary tract and then parabrachial nucleus, the MS SOM neurons receive rewarding taste signals and suppress the lateral habenula. They contribute essentially to appetitive associative learning via their projections to the lateral habenula: learning enhances their responses to reward-predictive sensory cues, and suppressing their responses to either conditioned or unconditioned stimulus impairs acquisition of reward learning. Thus, MS serves as a critical hub for transforming bottom-up sensory signals to mediate appetitive behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Shen
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1501 San Pablo Street, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Guang-Wei Zhang
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1501 San Pablo Street, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Can Tao
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1501 San Pablo Street, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Michelle B Seo
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1501 San Pablo Street, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Nicole K Zhang
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1501 San Pablo Street, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Junxiang J Huang
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1501 San Pablo Street, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.,Graduate Programs in Biomedical and Biological Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Li I Zhang
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1501 San Pablo Street, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA. .,Department of Physiology & Neuroscience, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1501 San Pablo Street, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.
| | - Huizhong W Tao
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1501 San Pablo Street, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA. .,Department of Physiology & Neuroscience, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1501 San Pablo Street, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.
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17
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Abstract
Taste information is encoded in the gustatory nervous system much as in other sensory systems, with notable exceptions. The concept of adequate stimulus is common to all sensory modalities, from somatosensory to auditory, visual, and so forth. That is, sensory cells normally respond only to one particular form of stimulation, the adequate stimulus, such as photons (photoreceptors in the visual system), odors (olfactory sensory neurons in the olfactory system), noxious heat (nociceptors in the somatosensory system), etc. Peripheral sensory receptors transduce the stimulus into membrane potential changes transmitted to the brain in the form of trains of action potentials. How information concerning different aspects of the stimulus such as quality, intensity, and duration are encoded in the trains of action potentials is hotly debated in the field of taste. At one extreme is the notion of labeled line/spatial coding - information for each different taste quality (sweet, salty, sour, etc.) is transmitted along a parallel but separate series of neurons (a "line") that project to focal clusters ("spaces") of neurons in the gustatory cortex. These clusters are distinct for each taste quality. Opposing this are concepts of population/combinatorial coding and temporal coding, where taste information is encrypted by groups of neurons (circuits) and patterns of impulses within these neuronal circuits. Key to population/combinatorial and temporal coding is that impulse activity in an individual neuron does not provide unambiguous information about the taste stimulus. Only populations of neurons and their impulse firing pattern yield that information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen D Roper
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.
- Department of Otolaryngology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.
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18
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Samuelsen CL, Vincis R. Cortical Hub for Flavor Sensation in Rodents. Front Syst Neurosci 2021; 15:772286. [PMID: 34867223 PMCID: PMC8636119 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2021.772286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The experience of eating is inherently multimodal, combining intraoral gustatory, olfactory, and somatosensory signals into a single percept called flavor. As foods and beverages enter the mouth, movements associated with chewing and swallowing activate somatosensory receptors in the oral cavity, dissolve tastants in the saliva to activate taste receptors, and release volatile odorant molecules to retronasally activate olfactory receptors in the nasal epithelium. Human studies indicate that sensory cortical areas are important for intraoral multimodal processing, yet their circuit-level mechanisms remain unclear. Animal models allow for detailed analyses of neural circuits due to the large number of molecular tools available for tracing and neuronal manipulations. In this review, we concentrate on the anatomical and neurophysiological evidence from rodent models toward a better understanding of the circuit-level mechanisms underlying the cortical processing of flavor. While more work is needed, the emerging view pertaining to the multimodal processing of food and beverages is that the piriform, gustatory, and somatosensory cortical regions do not function solely as independent areas. Rather they act as an intraoral cortical hub, simultaneously receiving and processing multimodal sensory information from the mouth to produce the rich and complex flavor experience that guides consummatory behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad L Samuelsen
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Roberto Vincis
- Department of Biological Science and Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
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19
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Jensterle M, DeVries JH, Battelino T, Battelino S, Yildiz B, Janez A. Glucagon-like peptide-1, a matter of taste? Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2021; 22:763-775. [PMID: 33123893 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-020-09609-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Understanding of gustatory coding helps to predict, and perhaps even modulate the ingestive decision circuitry, especially when eating behaviour becomes dysfunctional. Preclinical research demonstrated that glucagon like peptide 1 (GLP-1) is locally synthesized in taste bud cells in the tongue and that GLP-1 receptor exists on the gustatory nerves in close proximity to GLP-1 containing taste bud cells. In humans, the tongue has not yet been addressed as clinically relevant target for GLP-1 based therapies. The primary aim of the current review was to elaborate on the role of GLP- 1 in mammalian gustatory system, in particular in the perception of sweet. Secondly, we aimed to explore what modulates gustatory coding and whether the GLP-1 based therapies might be involved in regulation of taste perception. We performed a series of PubMed, Medline and Embase databases systemic searches. The Population-Intervention-Comparison-Outcome (PICO) framework was used to identify interventional studies. Based on the available data, GLP-1 is specifically involved in the perception of sweet. Aging, diabetes and obesity are characterized by diminished taste and sweet perception. Calorie restriction and bariatric surgery are associated with a diminished appreciation of sweet food. GLP-1 receptor agonists (RAs) modulate food preference, yet its modulatory potential in gustatory coding is currently unknown. Future studies should explore whether GLP-1 RAs modulate taste perception to the extent that changes of food preference and consumption ensue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojca Jensterle
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Zaloška cesta, 7, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia, Zaloška cesta 7, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - J Hans DeVries
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105, AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tadej Battelino
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Bohoričeva 20, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Bohoričeva 20, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Saba Battelino
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Cervicofacial Surgery, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Zaloska cesta 2, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Bulent Yildiz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Hacettepe, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Andrej Janez
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Zaloška cesta, 7, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia, Zaloška cesta 7, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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20
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West CL, Neufeld KAM, Mao YK, Stanisz AM, Forsythe P, Bienenstock J, Barbut D, Zasloff M, Kunze WA. Identification of SSRI-evoked antidepressant sensory signals by decoding vagus nerve activity. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21130. [PMID: 34702901 PMCID: PMC8548562 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00615-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The vagus nerve relays mood-altering signals originating in the gut lumen to the brain. In mice, an intact vagus is required to mediate the behavioural effects of both intraluminally applied selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and a strain of Lactobacillus with antidepressant-like activity. Similarly, the prodepressant effect of lipopolysaccharide is vagus nerve dependent. Single vagal fibres are broadly tuned to respond by excitation to both anti- and prodepressant agents, but it remains unclear how neural responses encode behaviour-specific information. Here we demonstrate using ex vivo experiments that for single vagal fibres within the mesenteric neurovascular bundle supplying the mouse small intestine, a unique neural firing pattern code is common to both chemical and bacterial vagus-dependent antidepressant luminal stimuli. This code is qualitatively and statistically discernible from that evoked by lipopolysaccharide, a non-vagus-dependent antidepressant or control non-antidepressant Lactobacillus strain and are not affected by sex status. We found that all vagus dependent antidepressants evoked a decrease in mean spike interval, increase in spike burst duration, decrease in gap duration between bursts and increase in intra-burst spike intervals. Our results offer a novel neuronal electrical perspective as one explanation for mechanisms of action of gut-derived vagal dependent antidepressants. We expect that our ex vivo individual vagal fibre recording model will improve the design and operation of new, extant electroceutical vagal stimulation devices currently used to treat major depression. Furthermore, use of this vagal antidepressant code should provide a valuable screening tool for novel potential oral antidepressant candidates in preclinical animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine L West
- Brain-Body Institute, St. Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Karen-Anne McVey Neufeld
- Brain-Body Institute, St. Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Yu-Kang Mao
- Brain-Body Institute, St. Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Andrew M Stanisz
- Brain-Body Institute, St. Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Paul Forsythe
- Brain-Body Institute, St. Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, St. Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - John Bienenstock
- Brain-Body Institute, St. Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - Michael Zasloff
- Enterin, Inc., Philadelphia, PA, USA.,MedStar-Georgetown Transplant Institute, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Wolfgang A Kunze
- Brain-Body Institute, St. Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, ON, Canada. .,Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada. .,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
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21
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Wen S, Yin A, Tseng PH, Itti L, Lebedev MA, Nicolelis M. Capturing spike train temporal pattern with wavelet average coefficient for brain machine interface. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19020. [PMID: 34561503 PMCID: PMC8463672 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98578-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Motor brain machine interfaces (BMIs) directly link the brain to artificial actuators and have the potential to mitigate severe body paralysis caused by neurological injury or disease. Most BMI systems involve a decoder that analyzes neural spike counts to infer movement intent. However, many classical BMI decoders (1) fail to take advantage of temporal patterns of spike trains, possibly over long time horizons; (2) are insufficient to achieve good BMI performance at high temporal resolution, as the underlying Gaussian assumption of decoders based on spike counts is violated. Here, we propose a new statistical feature that represents temporal patterns or temporal codes of spike events with richer description-wavelet average coefficients (WAC)-to be used as decoder input instead of spike counts. We constructed a wavelet decoder framework by using WAC features with a sliding-window approach, and compared the resulting decoder against classical decoders (Wiener and Kalman family) and new deep learning based decoders ( Long Short-Term Memory) using spike count features. We found that the sliding-window approach boosts decoding temporal resolution, and using WAC features significantly improves decoding performance over using spike count features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shixian Wen
- Department of Computer science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.
| | - Allen Yin
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Po-He Tseng
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Laurent Itti
- Department of Computer science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Mikhail A Lebedev
- V.Zelman Center For Neurobiology and Brain Restoration, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Miguel Nicolelis
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
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22
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Jensterle M, Ferjan S, Battelino T, Kovač J, Battelino S, Šuput D, Vovk A, Janež A. Does intervention with GLP-1 receptor agonist semaglutide modulate perception of sweet taste in women with obesity: study protocol of a randomized, single-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Trials 2021; 22:464. [PMID: 34281590 PMCID: PMC8287101 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-021-05442-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Preclinical studies demonstrated that glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) is locally synthesized in taste bud cells and that GLP-1 receptor exists on the gustatory nerves in close proximity to GLP-1-containing taste bud cells. This local paracrine GLP-1 signalling seems to be specifically involved in the perception of sweets. However, the role of GLP-1 in taste perception remains largely unaddressed in clinical studies. Whether any weight-reducing effects of GLP-1 receptor agonists are mediated through the modulation of taste perception is currently unknown. Methods and analysis This is an investigator-initiated, randomized single-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. We will enrol 30 women with obesity and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Participants will be randomized in a 1:1 ratio to either semaglutide 1.0 mg or placebo for 16 weeks. The primary endpoints are alteration of transcriptomic profile of tongue tissue as changes in expression level from baseline to follow-up after 16 weeks of treatment, measured by RNA sequencing, and change in taste sensitivity as detected by chemical gustometry. Secondary endpoints include change in neural response to visual food cues and to sweet-tasting substances as assessed by functional MRI, change in body weight, change in fat mass and change in eating behaviour and food intake. Discussion This is the first study to investigate the role of semaglutide on taste perception, along with a neural response to visual food cues in reward processing regions. The study may identify the tongue and the taste perception as a novel target for GLP-1 receptor agonists. Ethics and disseminations The study has been approved by the Slovene National Medical Ethics Committee and will be conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and Good Clinical Practice guidelines. Results will be submitted for publication in an international peer-reviewed scientific journal. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.govNCT04263415. Retrospectively registered on 10 February 2020 Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13063-021-05442-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojca Jensterle
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Division of Internal Medicine, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Zaloška cesta 7, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Simona Ferjan
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Division of Internal Medicine, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Zaloška cesta 7, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tadej Battelino
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Bohoričeva 20, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jernej Kovač
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Bohoričeva 20, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Saba Battelino
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Cervicofacial Surgery, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Zaloška cesta 2, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Dušan Šuput
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Andrej Vovk
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Andrej Janež
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Division of Internal Medicine, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Zaloška cesta 7, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia. .,Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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23
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Zhang J, Lee H, Macpherson LJ. Mechanisms for the Sour Taste. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2021; 275:229-245. [PMID: 34117536 DOI: 10.1007/164_2021_476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Sour, the taste of acids, provides important sensory information to prevent the ingestion of unripe, spoiled, or fermented foods. In mammals, acids elicit disgust and pain by simultaneously activating taste and somatosensory neurons innervating the oral cavity. Early researchers detected electrical activity in taste nerves upon presenting acids to the tongue, establishing this as the bona fide sour taste. Recent studies have made significant contributions to our understanding of the mechanisms underlying acid sensing in the taste receptor cells at the periphery and the neural circuitry that convey this information to the brain. In this chapter, we discuss the characterization of sour taste receptor cells, the twists and turns eventually leading to the identification of Otopetrin1 (OTOP1) as the sour taste receptor, the pathway of sour taste signaling from the tongue to the brainstem, and other roles sour taste receptor cells play in the taste bud.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhang
- Mortimer B. Zukerman Mind Brain and Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Hojoon Lee
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
| | - Lindsey J Macpherson
- Department of Biology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
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24
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Huang T, Ohman LC, Clements AV, Whiddon ZD, Krimm RF. Variable Branching Characteristics of Peripheral Taste Neurons Indicates Differential Convergence. J Neurosci 2021; 41:4850-4866. [PMID: 33875572 PMCID: PMC8260161 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1935-20.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Taste neurons are functionally and molecularly diverse, but their morphologic diversity remains completely unexplored. Using sparse cell genetic labeling, we provide the first reconstructions of peripheral taste neurons. The branching characteristics across 96 taste neurons show surprising diversity in their complexities. Individual neurons had 1-17 separate arbors entering between one and seven taste buds, 18 of these neurons also innervated non-taste epithelia. Axon branching characteristics are similar in gustatory neurons from male and female mice. Cluster analysis separated the neurons into four groups according to branch complexity. The primary difference between clusters was the amount of the nerve fiber within the taste bud available to contact taste-transducing cells. Consistently, we found that the maximum number of taste-transducing cells capable of providing convergent input onto individual gustatory neurons varied with a range of 1-22 taste-transducing cells. Differences in branching characteristics across neurons indicate that some neurons likely receive input from a larger number of taste-transducing cells than other neurons (differential convergence). By dividing neurons into two groups based on the type of taste-transducing cell most contacted, we found that neurons contacting primarily sour transducing cells were more heavily branched than those contacting primarily sweet/bitter/umami transducing cells. This suggests that neuron morphologies may differ across functional taste quality. However, the considerable remaining variability within each group also suggests differential convergence within each functional taste quality. Each possibility has functional implications for the system.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Taste neurons are considered relay cells, communicating information from taste-transducing cells to the brain, without variation in morphology. By reconstructing peripheral taste neuron morphologies for the first time, we found that some peripheral gustatory neurons are simply branched, and can receive input from only a few taste-transducing cells. Other taste neurons are heavily branched, contacting many more taste-transducing cells than simply branched neurons. Based on the type of taste-transducing cell contacted, branching characteristics are predicted to differ across (and within) quality types (sweet/bitter/umami vs sour). Therefore, functional differences between neurons likely depends on the number of taste-transducing cells providing input and not just the type of cell providing input.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Huang
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky 40202
| | - Lisa C Ohman
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky 40202
| | - Anna V Clements
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky 40202
| | - Zachary D Whiddon
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky 40202
| | - Robin F Krimm
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky 40202
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25
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Brown EB, Shah KD, Palermo J, Dey M, Dahanukar A, Keene AC. Ir56d-dependent fatty acid responses in Drosophila uncover taste discrimination between different classes of fatty acids. eLife 2021; 10:67878. [PMID: 33949306 PMCID: PMC8169106 DOI: 10.7554/elife.67878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemosensory systems are critical for evaluating the caloric value and potential toxicity of food. While animals can discriminate between thousands of odors, much less is known about the discriminative capabilities of taste systems. Fats and sugars represent calorically potent and attractive food sources that contribute to hedonic feeding. Despite the differences in nutritional value between fats and sugars, the ability of the taste system to discriminate between different rewarding tastants is thought to be limited. In Drosophila, taste neurons expressing the ionotropic receptor 56d (IR56d) are required for reflexive behavioral responses to the medium-chain fatty acid, hexanoic acid. Here, we tested whether flies can discriminate between different classes of fatty acids using an aversive memory assay. Our results indicate that flies are able to discriminate medium-chain fatty acids from both short- and long-chain fatty acids, but not from other medium-chain fatty acids. While IR56d neurons are broadly responsive to short-, medium-, and long-chain fatty acids, genetic deletion of IR56d selectively disrupts response to medium-chain fatty acids. Further, IR56d+ GR64f+ neurons are necessary for proboscis extension response (PER) to medium-chain fatty acids, but both IR56d and GR64f neurons are dispensable for PER to short- and long-chain fatty acids, indicating the involvement of one or more other classes of neurons. Together, these findings reveal that IR56d is selectively required for medium-chain fatty acid taste, and discrimination of fatty acids occurs through differential receptor activation in shared populations of neurons. Our study uncovers a capacity for the taste system to encode tastant identity within a taste category.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth B Brown
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, United States
| | - Kreesha D Shah
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, United States.,Wilkes Honors College, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, United States
| | - Justin Palermo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, United States
| | - Manali Dey
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, United States
| | - Anupama Dahanukar
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, United States.,Department of Molecular, Cell & Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, United States
| | - Alex C Keene
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, United States
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26
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Bernard A, Le May C, Dastugue A, Ayer A, Blanchard C, Martin JC, Pais de Barros JP, Delaby P, Le Bourgot C, Ledoux S, Besnard P. The Tryptophan/Kynurenine Pathway: A Novel Cross-Talk between Nutritional Obesity, Bariatric Surgery and Taste of Fat. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13041366. [PMID: 33921805 PMCID: PMC8073116 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diet-induced obesity (DIO) reduces the orosensory perception of lipids in rodents and in some humans. Although bariatric surgery partially corrects this alteration, underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. To explore whether metabolic changes might explain this fat taste disturbance, plasma metabolome analyses, two-bottle choice tests and fungiform papillae (Fun) counting were performed in vertical sleeve gastrectomized (VSG) mice and sham-operated controls. An exploratory clinic study was also carried out in adult patients undergone a VSG. In mice, we found that (i) the VSG reduces both the plasma neurotoxic signature due to the tryptophan/kynurenine (Trp/Kyn) pathway overactivation and the failure of fat preference found in sham-operated DIO mice, (ii) the activity of Trp/Kyn pathway is negatively correlated to the density of Fun, and (iii) the pharmacological inhibition of the Kyn synthesis mimics in non-operated DIO mice the positive effects of VSG (i.e., decrease of Kyn synthesis, increase of Fun number, improvement of the fat taste perception). In humans, a reduction of the plasma Kyn level is only found in patients displaying a post-surgery improvement of their fat taste sensitivity. Altogether these data provide a plausible metabolic explanation to the degradation of the orosensory lipid perception observed in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Bernard
- UMR 1231 Lipides/Nutrition/Cancer INSERM/Univ Bourgogne-Franche-Comté/AgroSupDijon, 21000 Dijon, France; (A.B.); (A.D.); (J.-P.P.d.B.)
| | - Cédric Le May
- UMR 1087 INSERM/6291 CNRS Université de Nantes, l’Institut du Thorax, 44000 Nantes, France; (C.L.M.); (A.A.); (C.B.)
| | - Aurélie Dastugue
- UMR 1231 Lipides/Nutrition/Cancer INSERM/Univ Bourgogne-Franche-Comté/AgroSupDijon, 21000 Dijon, France; (A.B.); (A.D.); (J.-P.P.d.B.)
| | - Audrey Ayer
- UMR 1087 INSERM/6291 CNRS Université de Nantes, l’Institut du Thorax, 44000 Nantes, France; (C.L.M.); (A.A.); (C.B.)
| | - Claire Blanchard
- UMR 1087 INSERM/6291 CNRS Université de Nantes, l’Institut du Thorax, 44000 Nantes, France; (C.L.M.); (A.A.); (C.B.)
| | | | - Jean-Paul Pais de Barros
- UMR 1231 Lipides/Nutrition/Cancer INSERM/Univ Bourgogne-Franche-Comté/AgroSupDijon, 21000 Dijon, France; (A.B.); (A.D.); (J.-P.P.d.B.)
| | | | | | - Séverine Ledoux
- Explorations Fonctionnelles, Hôpital Louis Mourier (APHP), Colombes and Université de Paris, 92700 Nanterre, France;
- Fonctions Gastro-Intestinales, Métaboliques et Physiopathologies Nutritionnelles INSERM UMR1149, CEDEX 18, 75890 Paris, France
| | - Philippe Besnard
- UMR 1231 Lipides/Nutrition/Cancer INSERM/Univ Bourgogne-Franche-Comté/AgroSupDijon, 21000 Dijon, France; (A.B.); (A.D.); (J.-P.P.d.B.)
- Physiologie de la Nutrition, AgroSup Dijon, 26 Bd Dr Petitjean, 21000 Dijon, France
- Correspondence:
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27
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Qiu Q, Wu Y, Ma L, Yu CR. Encoding innately recognized odors via a generalized population code. Curr Biol 2021; 31:1813-1825.e4. [PMID: 33651991 PMCID: PMC8119320 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.01.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Odors carrying intrinsic values often trigger instinctive aversive or attractive responses. It is not known how innate valence is encoded. An intuitive model suggests that the information is conveyed through specific channels in hardwired circuits along the olfactory pathway, insulated from influences of other odors, to trigger innate responses. Here, we show that in mice, mixing innately aversive or attractive odors with a neutral odor and, surprisingly, mixing two odors with the same valence, abolish the innate behavioral responses. Recordings from the olfactory bulb indicate that odors are not masked at the level of peripheral activation and glomeruli independently encode components in the mixture. In contrast, crosstalk among the mitral and tufted (M/T) cells changes their patterns of activity such that those elicited by the mixtures can no longer be linearly decoded as separate components. The changes in behavioral and M/T cell responses are associated with reduced activation of brain areas linked to odor preferences. Thus, crosstalk among odor channels at the earliest processing stage in the olfactory pathway leads to re-coding of odor identity to abolish valence associated with the odors. These results are inconsistent with insulated labeled lines and support a model of a common mechanism of odor recognition for both innate and learned valence associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Qiu
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, 1000 East 50(th) Street, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Yunming Wu
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, 1000 East 50(th) Street, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Limei Ma
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, 1000 East 50(th) Street, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - C Ron Yu
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, 1000 East 50(th) Street, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
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28
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Zhang L, Hernandez VS, Gerfen CR, Jiang SZ, Zavala L, Barrio RA, Eiden LE. Behavioral role of PACAP signaling reflects its selective distribution in glutamatergic and GABAergic neuronal subpopulations. eLife 2021; 10:61718. [PMID: 33463524 PMCID: PMC7875564 DOI: 10.7554/elife.61718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The neuropeptide PACAP, acting as a co-transmitter, increases neuronal excitability, which may enhance anxiety and arousal associated with threat conveyed by multiple sensory modalities. The distribution of neurons expressing PACAP and its receptor, PAC1, throughout the mouse nervous system was determined, in register with expression of glutamatergic and GABAergic neuronal markers, to develop a coherent chemoanatomical picture of PACAP role in brain motor responses to sensory input. A circuit role for PACAP was tested by observing Fos activation of brain neurons after olfactory threat cue in wild-type and PACAP knockout mice. Neuronal activation and behavioral response, were blunted in PACAP knock-out mice, accompanied by sharply downregulated vesicular transporter expression in both GABAergic and glutamatergic neurons expressing PACAP and its receptor. This report signals a new perspective on the role of neuropeptide signaling in supporting excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission in the nervous system within functionally coherent polysynaptic circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limei Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico.,Section on Molecular Neuroscience, National Institute of Mental Health, Intramural Research Program, Bethesda, United States
| | - Vito S Hernandez
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Charles R Gerfen
- Laboratory of Systems Neuroscience, National Institute of Mental Health, Intramural Research Program, Bethesda, United States
| | - Sunny Z Jiang
- Section on Molecular Neuroscience, National Institute of Mental Health, Intramural Research Program, Bethesda, United States
| | - Lilian Zavala
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rafael A Barrio
- Section on Molecular Neuroscience, National Institute of Mental Health, Intramural Research Program, Bethesda, United States.,Department of Complex Systems, Institute of Physics, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico, Mexico
| | - Lee E Eiden
- Section on Molecular Neuroscience, National Institute of Mental Health, Intramural Research Program, Bethesda, United States
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29
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Jensterle M, Rizzo M, Janez A. Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 and Taste Perception: From Molecular Mechanisms to Potential Clinical Implications. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020902. [PMID: 33477478 PMCID: PMC7830704 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Preclinical studies provided some important insights into the action of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) in taste perception. This review examines the literature to uncover some molecular mechanisms and connections between GLP-1 and the gustatory coding. Local GLP-1 production in the taste bud cells, the expression of GLP-1 receptor on the adjacent nerves, a functional continuum in the perception of sweet chemicals from the gut to the tongue and an identification of GLP-1 induced signaling pathways in peripheral and central gustatory coding all strongly suggest that GLP-1 is involved in the taste perception, especially sweet. However, the impact of GLP-1 based therapies on gustatory coding in humans remains largely unaddressed. Based on the molecular background we encourage further exploration of the tongue as a new treatment target for GLP-1 receptor agonists in clinical studies. Given that pharmacological manipulation of gustatory coding may represent a new potential strategy against obesity and diabetes, the topic is of utmost clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojca Jensterle
- Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Zaloška Cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zaloška Cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Manfredi Rizzo
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA;
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Andrej Janez
- Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Zaloška Cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zaloška Cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +386-1-522-3114; Fax: +386-1-522-9359
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30
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Jarvie BC, Chen JY, King HO, Palmiter RD. Satb2 neurons in the parabrachial nucleus mediate taste perception. Nat Commun 2021. [PMID: 33431851 DOI: 10.1038/s41467‐020‐20100‐8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The neural circuitry mediating taste has been mapped out from the periphery to the cortex, but genetic identity of taste-responsive neurons has remained elusive. Here, we describe a population of neurons in the gustatory region of the parabrachial nucleus that express the transcription factor Satb2 and project to taste-associated regions, including the gustatory thalamus and insular cortex. Using calcium imaging in awake, freely licking mice, we show that Satb2 neurons respond to the five basic taste modalities. Optogenetic activation of these neurons enhances taste preferences, whereas chronic inactivation decreases the magnitude of taste preferences in both brief- and long-access taste tests. Simultaneous inactivation of Satb2 and calcitonin gene-related peptide neurons in the PBN abolishes responses to aversive tastes. These data suggest that taste information in the parabrachial nucleus is conveyed by multiple populations of neurons, including both Satb2 and calcitonin gene-related peptide neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke C Jarvie
- Departments of Biochemistry and Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.,Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jane Y Chen
- Departments of Biochemistry and Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.,Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Hunter O King
- Departments of Biochemistry and Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Richard D Palmiter
- Departments of Biochemistry and Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA. .,Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. .,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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31
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Jarvie BC, Chen JY, King HO, Palmiter RD. Satb2 neurons in the parabrachial nucleus mediate taste perception. Nat Commun 2021; 12:224. [PMID: 33431851 PMCID: PMC7801645 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20100-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The neural circuitry mediating taste has been mapped out from the periphery to the cortex, but genetic identity of taste-responsive neurons has remained elusive. Here, we describe a population of neurons in the gustatory region of the parabrachial nucleus that express the transcription factor Satb2 and project to taste-associated regions, including the gustatory thalamus and insular cortex. Using calcium imaging in awake, freely licking mice, we show that Satb2 neurons respond to the five basic taste modalities. Optogenetic activation of these neurons enhances taste preferences, whereas chronic inactivation decreases the magnitude of taste preferences in both brief- and long-access taste tests. Simultaneous inactivation of Satb2 and calcitonin gene-related peptide neurons in the PBN abolishes responses to aversive tastes. These data suggest that taste information in the parabrachial nucleus is conveyed by multiple populations of neurons, including both Satb2 and calcitonin gene-related peptide neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke C Jarvie
- Departments of Biochemistry and Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jane Y Chen
- Departments of Biochemistry and Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Hunter O King
- Departments of Biochemistry and Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Richard D Palmiter
- Departments of Biochemistry and Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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32
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Abstract
Understanding of gustatory coding helps to predict, and perhaps even modulate the ingestive decision circuitry, especially when eating behaviour becomes dysfunctional. Preclinical research demonstrated that glucagon like peptide 1 (GLP-1) is locally synthesized in taste bud cells in the tongue and that GLP-1 receptor exists on the gustatory nerves in close proximity to GLP-1 containing taste bud cells. In humans, the tongue has not yet been addressed as clinically relevant target for GLP-1 based therapies. The primary aim of the current review was to elaborate on the role of GLP- 1 in mammalian gustatory system, in particular in the perception of sweet. Secondly, we aimed to explore what modulates gustatory coding and whether the GLP-1 based therapies might be involved in regulation of taste perception. We performed a series of PubMed, Medline and Embase databases systemic searches. The Population-Intervention-Comparison-Outcome (PICO) framework was used to identify interventional studies. Based on the available data, GLP-1 is specifically involved in the perception of sweet. Aging, diabetes and obesity are characterized by diminished taste and sweet perception. Calorie restriction and bariatric surgery are associated with a diminished appreciation of sweet food. GLP-1 receptor agonists (RAs) modulate food preference, yet its modulatory potential in gustatory coding is currently unknown. Future studies should explore whether GLP-1 RAs modulate taste perception to the extent that changes of food preference and consumption ensue.
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33
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Selective Removal of Sodium Salt Taste Disrupts the Maintenance of Dendritic Architecture of Gustatory Relay Neurons in the Mouse Nucleus of the Solitary Tract. eNeuro 2020; 7:ENEURO.0140-20.2020. [PMID: 32817119 PMCID: PMC7598914 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0140-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal activity plays critical roles in the development of sensory circuits in the mammalian brain. Experimental procedures are now available to alter the function of specific taste transduction pathways and have been especially useful in studying how stimulus-specific taste activity influences the development of central gustatory circuits. We previously used a mouse knock-out (KO) model in which the transduction channel necessary for sodium taste is removed from taste bud cells throughout life. In these KO mice, the terminal fields that carry taste information from taste buds into the nucleus of the solitary tract (NST) fail to mature, suggesting that sodium-elicited taste activity is important for the proper development of central gustatory circuits. Here, we tested the hypothesis that the development and maintenance of the dendritic architecture of NST relay cells, the primary postsynaptic partner of gustatory nerve terminal fields, are similarly dependent on sodium-elicited taste activity. The dendritic fields of NST relay cells, from adult male and female mice in which the α-subunit of the epithelial sodium channel (αENaC) was conditionally deleted in taste bud cells throughout life, were up to 2.4× larger and more complex than that of age-matched control mice. Interestingly, these differences in dendritic architecture did not appear until after the age when terminal fields begin “pruning,” after postnatal day (P)20. Overall, our results suggest that ENaC-mediated sodium taste activity is necessary for the maintenance of dendritic fields of relay cells in the gustatory NST.
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34
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Dutta Banik D, Benfey ED, Martin LE, Kay KE, Loney GC, Nelson AR, Ahart ZC, Kemp BT, Kemp BR, Torregrossa AM, Medler KF. A subset of broadly responsive Type III taste cells contribute to the detection of bitter, sweet and umami stimuli. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1008925. [PMID: 32790785 PMCID: PMC7425866 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Taste receptor cells use multiple signaling pathways to detect chemicals in potential food items. These cells are functionally grouped into different types: Type I cells act as support cells and have glial-like properties; Type II cells detect bitter, sweet, and umami taste stimuli; and Type III cells detect sour and salty stimuli. We have identified a new population of taste cells that are broadly tuned to multiple taste stimuli including bitter, sweet, sour, and umami. The goal of this study was to characterize these broadly responsive (BR) taste cells. We used an IP3R3-KO mouse (does not release calcium (Ca2+) from internal stores in Type II cells when stimulated with bitter, sweet, or umami stimuli) to characterize the BR cells without any potentially confounding input from Type II cells. Using live cell Ca2+ imaging in isolated taste cells from the IP3R3-KO mouse, we found that BR cells are a subset of Type III cells that respond to sour stimuli but also use a PLCβ signaling pathway to respond to bitter, sweet, and umami stimuli. Unlike Type II cells, individual BR cells are broadly tuned and respond to multiple stimuli across different taste modalities. Live cell imaging in a PLCβ3-KO mouse confirmed that BR cells use this signaling pathway to respond to bitter, sweet, and umami stimuli. Short term behavioral assays revealed that BR cells make significant contributions to taste driven behaviors and found that loss of either PLCβ3 in BR cells or IP3R3 in Type II cells caused similar behavioral deficits to bitter, sweet, and umami stimuli. Analysis of c-Fos activity in the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) also demonstrated that functional Type II and BR cells are required for normal stimulus induced expression. We use our taste system to decide if we are going to consume or reject a potential food item. This is critical for survival, as we need energy to live but also need to avoid potentially toxic compounds. Therefore, it is important to understand how the taste cells in our mouth detect the chemicals in food and send a message to our brain. Signals from the taste cells form a code that conveys information about the nature of the potential food item to the brain. How this taste coding works is not well understood. Currently, it is thought that taste cells are primarily selective for each taste stimuli and only detect either bitter, sweet, sour, salt, or umami (amino acids) compounds. Our study describes a new population of taste cells that can detect multiple types of stimuli, including chemicals from different taste qualities. Thus, taste cells can be either selective or generally responsive to stimuli which is similar to the cells in the brain that process taste information. The presence of these broadly responsive taste cells provides new insight into how taste information is sent to the brain for processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debarghya Dutta Banik
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Eric D. Benfey
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Laura E. Martin
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Kristen E. Kay
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Gregory C. Loney
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Amy R. Nelson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Zachary C. Ahart
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Barrett T. Kemp
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Bailey R. Kemp
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Ann-Marie Torregrossa
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
- Center for Ingestive Behavior Research, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Kathryn F. Medler
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
- Center for Ingestive Behavior Research, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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35
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Levitan D, Liu C, Yang T, Shima Y, Lin JY, Wachutka J, Marrero Y, Ali Marandi Ghoddousi R, da Veiga Beltrame E, Richter TA, Katz DB, Nelson SB. Deletion of Stk11 and Fos in mouse BLA projection neurons alters intrinsic excitability and impairs formation of long-term aversive memory. eLife 2020; 9:e61036. [PMID: 32779566 PMCID: PMC7445010 DOI: 10.7554/elife.61036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Conditioned taste aversion (CTA) is a form of one-trial learning dependent on basolateral amygdala projection neurons (BLApn). Its underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. RNAseq from BLApn identified changes in multiple candidate learning-related transcripts including the expected immediate early gene Fos and Stk11, a master kinase of the AMP-related kinase pathway with important roles in growth, metabolism and development, but not previously implicated in learning. Deletion of Stk11 in BLApn blocked memory prior to training, but not following it and increased neuronal excitability. Conversely, BLApn had reduced excitability following CTA. BLApn knockout of a second learning-related gene, Fos, also increased excitability and impaired learning. Independently increasing BLApn excitability chemogenetically during CTA also impaired memory. STK11 and C-FOS activation were independent of one another. These data suggest key roles for Stk11 and Fos in CTA long-term memory formation, dependent at least partly through convergent action on BLApn intrinsic excitability.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Levitan
- Departments of Biology, Brandeis UniversityWalthamUnited States
| | - Chenghao Liu
- Departments of Biology, Brandeis UniversityWalthamUnited States
| | - Tracy Yang
- Departments of Biology, Brandeis UniversityWalthamUnited States
| | - Yasuyuki Shima
- Departments of Biology, Brandeis UniversityWalthamUnited States
| | - Jian-You Lin
- Departments of Psychology, Brandeis UniversityWalthamUnited States
- Volen Center for Complex Systems, Brandeis UniversityWalthamUnited States
| | - Joseph Wachutka
- Departments of Psychology, Brandeis UniversityWalthamUnited States
| | - Yasmin Marrero
- Departments of Psychology, Brandeis UniversityWalthamUnited States
| | | | | | - Troy A Richter
- Departments of Biology, Brandeis UniversityWalthamUnited States
| | - Donald B Katz
- Departments of Psychology, Brandeis UniversityWalthamUnited States
- Volen Center for Complex Systems, Brandeis UniversityWalthamUnited States
| | - Sacha B Nelson
- Departments of Biology, Brandeis UniversityWalthamUnited States
- Volen Center for Complex Systems, Brandeis UniversityWalthamUnited States
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36
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Minokoshi Y, Nakajima KI, Okamoto S. Homeostatic versus hedonic control of carbohydrate selection. J Physiol 2020; 598:3831-3844. [PMID: 32643799 DOI: 10.1113/jp280066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Macronutrient intake is associated with cardiometabolic health, ageing and longevity, but the mechanisms underlying its regulation have remained unclear. Most rodents increase carbohydrate selection under certain physiological and pathological conditions such as fasting. When presented with a choice between a basally preferable high-fat diet (HFD) and a high-carbohydrate diet (HCD) such as a high-sucrose diet, fasted mice first eat the HFD and then switch to the HCD during the first few hours of refeeding and continue to eat the HCD up to 24 h in the two-diet choice approach. Such consumption of an HCD after fasting reverses the fasting-induced increase in the plasma concentration of ketone bodies more rapidly than does refeeding with an HFD alone. 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-regulated neurons in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVH) that express corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) are necessary and sufficient for the fasting-induced selection of carbohydrate over an HFD in mice. These neurons appear to contribute to a fasting-induced increase in the positive valence of carbohydrate without affecting the preference for more palatable and energy-dense diets such as an HFD. Identification of the neural circuits in which AMPK-regulated CRH neurons in the PVH of mice are embedded should shed new light on the physiological and molecular mechanisms responsible for macronutrient selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiko Minokoshi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Homeostatic Regulation, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institute of Natural Sciences, 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585, Japan.,School of Life Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies SOKENDAI, 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichiro Nakajima
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Homeostatic Regulation, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institute of Natural Sciences, 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585, Japan.,School of Life Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies SOKENDAI, 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Shiki Okamoto
- Second Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hematology, Rheumatology), Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishihara, Nakagami-gun, Okinawa, 903-0215, Japan
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37
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Fu O, Iwai Y, Kondoh K, Misaka T, Minokoshi Y, Nakajima KI. SatB2-Expressing Neurons in the Parabrachial Nucleus Encode Sweet Taste. Cell Rep 2020; 27:1650-1656.e4. [PMID: 31067452 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The gustatory system plays an important role in sensing appetitive and aversive tastes for evaluating food quality. In mice, taste signals are relayed by multiple brain regions, including the parabrachial nucleus (PBN) of the pons, before reaching the gustatory cortex via the gustatory thalamus. Recent studies show that taste information at the periphery is encoded in a labeled-line manner, such that each taste modality has its own receptors and neuronal pathway. In contrast, the molecular identity of gustatory neurons in the CNS remains unknown. Here, we show that SatB2-expressing neurons in the PBN play a pivotal role in sweet taste transduction. With cell ablation, in vivo calcium imaging, and optogenetics, we reveal that SatB2PBN neurons encode positive valance and selectively transmit sweet taste signals to the gustatory thalamus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ou Fu
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yuu Iwai
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kunio Kondoh
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan; Department of Physiological Sciences, School of Life Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
| | - Takumi Misaka
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Minokoshi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan; Department of Physiological Sciences, School of Life Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichiro Nakajima
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan; Department of Physiological Sciences, School of Life Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, Aichi, Japan.
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38
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Bouaichi CG, Vincis R. Cortical processing of chemosensory and hedonic features of taste in active licking mice. J Neurophysiol 2020; 123:1995-2009. [PMID: 32319839 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00069.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last two decades, a considerable amount of work has been devoted to investigating the neural processing and dynamics of the primary taste cortex of rats. Surprisingly, much less information is available on cortical taste electrophysiology in awake mice, an animal model that is taking on a more prominent role in taste research. Here we present electrophysiological evidence demonstrating how the gustatory cortex (GC) encodes the basic taste qualities (sweet, salty, sour, and bitter) and water when stimuli are actively sampled through licking, the stereotyped behavior by which mice control the access of fluids in the mouth. Mice were trained to receive each stimulus on a fixed ratio schedule in which they had to lick a dry spout six times to receive a tastant on the seventh lick. Electrophysiological recordings confirmed that GC neurons encode both chemosensory and hedonic aspects of actively sampled tastants. In addition, our data revealed two other main findings: GC neurons rapidly encode information about taste qualities in as little as 120 ms, and nearly half of the recorded neurons exhibit spiking activity entrained to licking at rates up to 8 Hz. Overall, our results highlight how the GC of active licking mice rapidly encodes information about taste qualities as well as ongoing sampling behavior, expanding our knowledge on cortical taste processing.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Relatively little information is available on the neural dynamics of taste processing in the mouse gustatory cortex (GC). In this study we investigate how the GC encodes chemosensory and palatability features of a wide panel of gustatory stimuli when actively sampled through licking. Our results show that GC neurons broadly encode basic taste qualities but also process taste hedonics and licking information in a temporally dynamic manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia G Bouaichi
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida.,Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida
| | - Roberto Vincis
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida.,Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida
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39
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Vincis R, Chen K, Czarnecki L, Chen J, Fontanini A. Dynamic Representation of Taste-Related Decisions in the Gustatory Insular Cortex of Mice. Curr Biol 2020; 30:1834-1844.e5. [PMID: 32243860 PMCID: PMC7239762 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Research over the past decade has established the gustatory insular cortex (GC) as a model for studying howprimary sensory cortices integrate sensory,affective, and cognitive signals. This integration occurs through time-varyingpatterns of neural activity. Selective silencing of GC activity during specific temporal windows provided evidence forGC’s role in mediating taste palatability and expectation. Recent results also suggest that this areamay play a role in decision making. However, existing data are limited to GC involvement in controlling the timing of stereotyped, orofacial reactions to aversive tastants during consumption. Here,we present electrophysiological, chemogenetic, and optogenetic results demonstrating the key role of GCin the executionof a taste-guided, reward-directed decision-making task. Mice were trained in a two-alternative choice task, in which they had to associate tastants sampled from a central spout with different actions (i.e., licking either a left or a right spout). Stimulus sampling and action were separated by a delay period. Electrophysiological recordings revealed chemosensory processing during the sampling period and the emergence of task-related, cognitive signals during the delay period. Chemogenetic silencing of GCimpaired task performance. Optogenetic silencing of GC allowed us to tease apart the contribution of activity during sampling and delay periods. Although silencing during the sampling period had no effect, silencing during the delay period significantly impacted behavioral performance, demonstrating the importance of the cognitive signals processed by GC in driving decision making. Altogether, our data highlight a novel role ofGCin controlling taste-guided, reward-directed choices and actions. Relying on behavioral electrophysiology and neural manipulations, Vincis, Chen, et al. demonstrate that neurons in the gustatory cortex (GC) encode perceptual and cognitive signals important for tasteguided choices. These data demonstrate a novel role of GC as a key area for sensorimotor transformations related to gustatory perceptual decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Vincis
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA; Department of Biological Science and Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA.
| | - Ke Chen
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA; Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.
| | - Lindsey Czarnecki
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - John Chen
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA; Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Alfredo Fontanini
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA; Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.
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40
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Sensing Senses: Optical Biosensors to Study Gustation. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20071811. [PMID: 32218129 PMCID: PMC7180777 DOI: 10.3390/s20071811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The five basic taste modalities, sweet, bitter, umami, salty and sour induce changes of Ca2+ levels, pH and/or membrane potential in taste cells of the tongue and/or in neurons that convey and decode gustatory signals to the brain. Optical biosensors, which can be either synthetic dyes or genetically encoded proteins whose fluorescence spectra depend on levels of Ca2+, pH or membrane potential, have been used in primary cells/tissues or in recombinant systems to study taste-related intra- and intercellular signaling mechanisms or to discover new ligands. Taste-evoked responses were measured by microscopy achieving high spatial and temporal resolution, while plate readers were employed for higher throughput screening. Here, these approaches making use of fluorescent optical biosensors to investigate specific taste-related questions or to screen new agonists/antagonists for the different taste modalities were reviewed systematically. Furthermore, in the context of recent developments in genetically encoded sensors, 3D cultures and imaging technologies, we propose new feasible approaches for studying taste physiology and for compound screening.
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41
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Luo Y, Kong L, Xue R, Wang W, Xia X. Bitterness in alcoholic beverages: The profiles of perception, constituents, and contributors. Trends Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2019.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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42
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Activity of Insula to Basolateral Amygdala Projecting Neurons is Necessary and Sufficient for Taste Valence Representation. J Neurosci 2019; 39:9369-9382. [PMID: 31597726 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0752-19.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Conditioned taste aversion (CTA) is an associative learning paradigm, wherein consumption of an appetitive tastant (e.g., saccharin) is paired to the administration of a malaise-inducing agent, such as intraperitoneal injection of LiCl. Aversive taste learning and retrieval require neuronal activity within the anterior insula (aIC) and the basolateral amygdala (BLA). Here, we labeled neurons of the aIC projecting to the BLA in adult male mice using a retro-AAV construct and assessed their necessity in aversive and appetitive taste learning. By restricting the expression of chemogenetic receptors in aIC-to-BLA neurons, we demonstrate that activity within the aIC-to-BLA projection is necessary for both aversive taste memory acquisition and retrieval, but not for its maintenance, nor its extinction. Moreover, inhibition of the projection did not affect incidental taste learning per se, but effectively suppressed aversive taste memory retrieval when applied either during or before the encoding of the unconditioned stimulus for CTA (i.e., malaise). Remarkably, activation of the projection after novel taste consumption, without experiencing any internal discomfort, was sufficient to form an artificial aversive taste memory, resulting in strong aversive behavior upon retrieval. Our results indicate that aIC-to-BLA projecting neurons are an essential component in the ability of the brain to associate taste sensory stimuli with body states of negative valence and guide the expression of valence-specific behavior upon taste memory retrieval.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT In the present study we subjected mice to the conditioned taste aversion paradigm, where animals learn to associate novel taste with malaise (i.e., assign it negative valence). We show that activation of neurons in the anterior insular cortex (aIC) that project into the basolateral amygdala (BLA) in response to conditioned taste aversion is necessary to form a memory for a taste of negative valence. Moreover, artificial activation of this pathway (without any feeling of pain) after the sampling of a taste can also lead to such associative memory. Thus, activation of aIC-to-BLA projecting neurons is necessary and sufficient to form and retrieve aversive taste memory.
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43
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Mouillot T, Barthet S, Janin L, Creteau C, Devilliers H, Brindisi MC, Penicaud L, Leloup C, Brondel L, Jacquin-Piques A. Taste Perception and Cerebral Activity in the Human Gustatory Cortex Induced by Glucose, Fructose, and Sucrose Solutions. Chem Senses 2019; 44:435-447. [PMID: 31168584 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjz034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucose, fructose, and sucrose are important carbohydrates in Western diets with particular sweetness intensity and metabolisms. No study has compared their cerebral detection and their taste perception. Gustatory evoked potentials (GEPs), taste detection thresholds, intensity perception, and pleasantness were compared in response to glucose, fructose, and sucrose solutions at similar sweetness intensities and at identical molar concentrations. Twenty-three healthy subjects were randomly stimulated with 3 solutions of similar sweetness intensity (0.75 M of glucose, 0.47 M of fructose and 0.29 M of sucrose - sit. A), and with an identical molar concentration (0.29 M - sit. B). GEPs were recorded at gustatory cortex areas. Intensity perception and hedonic values of each solution were evaluated as were gustatory thresholds of the solutions. No significant difference was observed concerning the GEP characteristics of the solutions according to their sweetness intensities (sit. A) or their molar concentration (sit. B). In sit. A, the 3 solutions were perceived to have similar intensities and induced similar hedonic sensations. In sit. B, the glucose solution was perceived to be less intense and pleasant than the fructose and the sucrose solutions (P < 0.001) and the fructose solution was perceived to be less intense and pleasant than the sucrose (P < 0.001). Since GEP recordings were similar for glucose, fructose, and sucrose solutions whatever the concentrations, activation of same taste receptor induces similar cortical activation, even when the solutions were perceived differently. Sweet taste perception seems to be encoded by a complex chemical cerebral neuronal network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Mouillot
- Centre des Sciences du goût et de l'Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France.,CHU Dijon - Bourgogne - Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Rue Paul Gaffarel, Dijon, France
| | - Sophie Barthet
- Centre des Sciences du goût et de l'Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Lucie Janin
- Centre des Sciences du goût et de l'Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Camille Creteau
- Centre des Sciences du goût et de l'Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Hervé Devilliers
- CHU Dijon - Bourgogne - CIC-EC INSERM, Rue Paul Gaffarel, Dijon, France
| | - Marie-Claude Brindisi
- Centre des Sciences du goût et de l'Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France.,CHU Dijon - Bourgogne - Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Rue Paul Gaffarel, Dijon, France.,CHU Dijon - Bourgogne - CIC-EC INSERM, Rue Paul Gaffarel, Dijon, France.,CHU Dijon - Bourgogne - Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Rue Paul Gaffarel, Dijon, France
| | - Luc Penicaud
- Centre des Sciences du goût et de l'Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France.,CHU Dijon - Bourgogne - Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Rue Paul Gaffarel, Dijon, France.,CHU Dijon - Bourgogne - CIC-EC INSERM, Rue Paul Gaffarel, Dijon, France.,CHU Dijon - Bourgogne - Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Rue Paul Gaffarel, Dijon, France
| | - Corinne Leloup
- Centre des Sciences du goût et de l'Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Laurent Brondel
- Centre des Sciences du goût et de l'Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France.,CHU Dijon - Bourgogne - Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Rue Paul Gaffarel, Dijon, France
| | - Agnès Jacquin-Piques
- Centre des Sciences du goût et de l'Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France.,CHU Dijon - Bourgogne - Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Rue Paul Gaffarel, Dijon, France.,CHU Dijon - Bourgogne - CIC-EC INSERM, Rue Paul Gaffarel, Dijon, France.,CHU Dijon - Bourgogne - Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Rue Paul Gaffarel, Dijon, France.,CHU Dijon - Bourgogne - Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Rue Paul Gaffarel, Dijon, France
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44
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Sayin S, De Backer JF, Siju KP, Wosniack ME, Lewis LP, Frisch LM, Gansen B, Schlegel P, Edmondson-Stait A, Sharifi N, Fisher CB, Calle-Schuler SA, Lauritzen JS, Bock DD, Costa M, Jefferis GSXE, Gjorgjieva J, Grunwald Kadow IC. A Neural Circuit Arbitrates between Persistence and Withdrawal in Hungry Drosophila. Neuron 2019; 104:544-558.e6. [PMID: 31471123 PMCID: PMC6839618 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2019.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
In pursuit of food, hungry animals mobilize significant energy resources and overcome exhaustion and fear. How need and motivation control the decision to continue or change behavior is not understood. Using a single fly treadmill, we show that hungry flies persistently track a food odor and increase their effort over repeated trials in the absence of reward suggesting that need dominates negative experience. We further show that odor tracking is regulated by two mushroom body output neurons (MBONs) connecting the MB to the lateral horn. These MBONs, together with dopaminergic neurons and Dop1R2 signaling, control behavioral persistence. Conversely, an octopaminergic neuron, VPM4, which directly innervates one of the MBONs, acts as a brake on odor tracking by connecting feeding and olfaction. Together, our data suggest a function for the MB in internal state-dependent expression of behavior that can be suppressed by external inputs conveying a competing behavioral drive. Hunger motivates persistent food odor tracking even without reward Two synaptically connected MBONs, -γ1pedc>αβ and -α2sc, regulate odor tracking Octopamine neurons connect feeding and counteract MBON and odor tracking Dopaminergic neurons and Dop1R2 signaling promote persistent tracking
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Affiliation(s)
- Sercan Sayin
- Technical University of Munich, School of Life Sciences, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | | | - K P Siju
- Technical University of Munich, School of Life Sciences, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Marina E Wosniack
- Technical University of Munich, School of Life Sciences, 85354 Freising, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, Computation in Neural Circuits Group, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Laurence P Lewis
- Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Chemosensory Coding Group, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Lisa-Marie Frisch
- Technical University of Munich, School of Life Sciences, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Benedikt Gansen
- Technical University of Munich, School of Life Sciences, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Philipp Schlegel
- Drosophila Connectomics Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK
| | - Amelia Edmondson-Stait
- Drosophila Connectomics Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Davi D Bock
- HHMI Janelia Research Campus, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA
| | - Marta Costa
- Drosophila Connectomics Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK
| | - Gregory S X E Jefferis
- Drosophila Connectomics Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK; Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Julijana Gjorgjieva
- Technical University of Munich, School of Life Sciences, 85354 Freising, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, Computation in Neural Circuits Group, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ilona C Grunwald Kadow
- Technical University of Munich, School of Life Sciences, 85354 Freising, Germany; ZIEL - Institute for food and health, 85354 Freising, Germany; Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Chemosensory Coding Group, 82152 Martinsried, Germany.
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45
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Cui Y, Wu H, Li Q, Liao J, Gao P, Sun F, Zhang H, Lu Z, Wei X, He C, Ma T, Wei X, Chen X, Zheng H, Yang G, Liu D, Zhu Z. Impairment of Bitter Taste Sensor Transient Receptor Potential Channel M5-Mediated Aversion Aggravates High-Salt Intake and Hypertension. Hypertension 2019; 74:1021-1032. [PMID: 31401881 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.119.13358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Excessive salt consumption leads to cardiovascular diseases. Despite various measures designed to reduce salt intake, daily salt intake remains at a high level. Appropriate salt intake is balanced by salt taste preference triggered by epithelium sodium channel and salt taste aversion evoked by bitter taste sensor, transient receptor potential channel M5 (TRPM5). However, the behavioral mechanism of excessive salt intake remains largely elusive. In this study, wild type and TRPM5-/- mice were applied to study the influence of high-salt administration on epithelium sodium channel/TRPM5 and the associated behavior to salt consumption. We found that long-term high-salt intake impaired the aversive behavior to high-salt stimulation but did not alter the preference to low salt in mice. The mechanistic evidence demonstrated that high-salt intake blunted the TRPM5-mediated aversive behavior to noxious salt stimulation through inhibiting PKC (protein kinase C) activity and PKC-dependent threonine phosphorylation in the tongue epithelium but did not affect the epithelium sodium channel-dependent salt taste preference. Inhibition of TRPM5 also resulted in an impaired aversive response to high salt, with reduced taste perception in bitter cortical field of mice. TRPM5-/- mice showed a lowered aversion to high-salt diet and developed salt-induced hypertension. The impaired perception to bitter taste evoked by high-salt intake also existed in hypertensive patients with high-salt consumption. We demonstrate that long-term high-salt consumption impairs aversive response to concentrated salt by downregulating bitter taste sensor TRPM5. It suggests that enhancing TRPM5 function might antagonize excessive salt intake and high salt-induced hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanting Cui
- From the Department of Hypertension and Endocrinology, Center for Hypertension and Metabolic Diseases, Daping Hospital, Chongqing Institute of Hypertension (Y.C., H.W., Q.L., J.L., P.G., F.S., H.Z., Z.L., X.W., C.H., T.M., X.W., D.L., Z.Z.), Third Military Medical University, China
| | - Hao Wu
- From the Department of Hypertension and Endocrinology, Center for Hypertension and Metabolic Diseases, Daping Hospital, Chongqing Institute of Hypertension (Y.C., H.W., Q.L., J.L., P.G., F.S., H.Z., Z.L., X.W., C.H., T.M., X.W., D.L., Z.Z.), Third Military Medical University, China
| | - Qiang Li
- From the Department of Hypertension and Endocrinology, Center for Hypertension and Metabolic Diseases, Daping Hospital, Chongqing Institute of Hypertension (Y.C., H.W., Q.L., J.L., P.G., F.S., H.Z., Z.L., X.W., C.H., T.M., X.W., D.L., Z.Z.), Third Military Medical University, China
| | - Jianwen Liao
- From the Department of Hypertension and Endocrinology, Center for Hypertension and Metabolic Diseases, Daping Hospital, Chongqing Institute of Hypertension (Y.C., H.W., Q.L., J.L., P.G., F.S., H.Z., Z.L., X.W., C.H., T.M., X.W., D.L., Z.Z.), Third Military Medical University, China
| | - Peng Gao
- From the Department of Hypertension and Endocrinology, Center for Hypertension and Metabolic Diseases, Daping Hospital, Chongqing Institute of Hypertension (Y.C., H.W., Q.L., J.L., P.G., F.S., H.Z., Z.L., X.W., C.H., T.M., X.W., D.L., Z.Z.), Third Military Medical University, China
| | - Fang Sun
- From the Department of Hypertension and Endocrinology, Center for Hypertension and Metabolic Diseases, Daping Hospital, Chongqing Institute of Hypertension (Y.C., H.W., Q.L., J.L., P.G., F.S., H.Z., Z.L., X.W., C.H., T.M., X.W., D.L., Z.Z.), Third Military Medical University, China
| | - Hexuan Zhang
- From the Department of Hypertension and Endocrinology, Center for Hypertension and Metabolic Diseases, Daping Hospital, Chongqing Institute of Hypertension (Y.C., H.W., Q.L., J.L., P.G., F.S., H.Z., Z.L., X.W., C.H., T.M., X.W., D.L., Z.Z.), Third Military Medical University, China
| | - Zongshi Lu
- From the Department of Hypertension and Endocrinology, Center for Hypertension and Metabolic Diseases, Daping Hospital, Chongqing Institute of Hypertension (Y.C., H.W., Q.L., J.L., P.G., F.S., H.Z., Z.L., X.W., C.H., T.M., X.W., D.L., Z.Z.), Third Military Medical University, China
| | - Xiao Wei
- From the Department of Hypertension and Endocrinology, Center for Hypertension and Metabolic Diseases, Daping Hospital, Chongqing Institute of Hypertension (Y.C., H.W., Q.L., J.L., P.G., F.S., H.Z., Z.L., X.W., C.H., T.M., X.W., D.L., Z.Z.), Third Military Medical University, China
| | - Chengkang He
- From the Department of Hypertension and Endocrinology, Center for Hypertension and Metabolic Diseases, Daping Hospital, Chongqing Institute of Hypertension (Y.C., H.W., Q.L., J.L., P.G., F.S., H.Z., Z.L., X.W., C.H., T.M., X.W., D.L., Z.Z.), Third Military Medical University, China
| | - Tianyi Ma
- From the Department of Hypertension and Endocrinology, Center for Hypertension and Metabolic Diseases, Daping Hospital, Chongqing Institute of Hypertension (Y.C., H.W., Q.L., J.L., P.G., F.S., H.Z., Z.L., X.W., C.H., T.M., X.W., D.L., Z.Z.), Third Military Medical University, China
| | - Xing Wei
- From the Department of Hypertension and Endocrinology, Center for Hypertension and Metabolic Diseases, Daping Hospital, Chongqing Institute of Hypertension (Y.C., H.W., Q.L., J.L., P.G., F.S., H.Z., Z.L., X.W., C.H., T.M., X.W., D.L., Z.Z.), Third Military Medical University, China
| | - Xiaowei Chen
- Brain Research Center (X.C.), Third Military Medical University, China
| | - Hongting Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology, Translational Research Key Laboratory for Diabetes, Xinqiao Hospital (H.Z.), Third Military Medical University, China
| | - Gangyi Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, China (G.Y.)
| | - Daoyan Liu
- From the Department of Hypertension and Endocrinology, Center for Hypertension and Metabolic Diseases, Daping Hospital, Chongqing Institute of Hypertension (Y.C., H.W., Q.L., J.L., P.G., F.S., H.Z., Z.L., X.W., C.H., T.M., X.W., D.L., Z.Z.), Third Military Medical University, China
| | - Zhiming Zhu
- From the Department of Hypertension and Endocrinology, Center for Hypertension and Metabolic Diseases, Daping Hospital, Chongqing Institute of Hypertension (Y.C., H.W., Q.L., J.L., P.G., F.S., H.Z., Z.L., X.W., C.H., T.M., X.W., D.L., Z.Z.), Third Military Medical University, China
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Distributed Encoding of Reinforcement in Rat Cortico-Striatal-Limbic Networks. Neuroscience 2019; 413:169-182. [PMID: 31229632 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Decision-making in the mammalian brain typically involves multiple brain structures within the midbrain, thalamus, striatum, limbic system, and cortex. Although task specific contributions of each brain region have been identified, neurons responding to reinforcement have been found throughout these structures. We sought to determine if any brain area, or cluster of areas, are the source of information, and if the fidelity of information varies among the areas. We recorded simultaneous field potentials (FPs) in rats from seven brain regions as they completed a binary choice task. The FPs of a 0.5 s window following reinforcement were given as input to a classifier that attempted to predict whether or not the rat received reward on each trial. The classifier correctly categorized reward on 77% of trials. Any region-specific signal could be omitted without lowering accuracy. Frequencies above 40 Hz and signals recorded later than 0.25 s following reinforcement were necessary to achieve this accuracy. Further, the classifier was able to predict reinforcement outcome above chance levels when using FPs from any single recorded brain region. Some combinations of structures, however, were more predictive than others. Analysis of FPs prior to reward revealed most regions reflected the prior probability of reward. Lastly, analyses of information flow suggested reinforcement information does not originate within a single structure of the network, within the resolution afforded by FP recordings. These data suggest reward delivery information is rapidly distributed non-uniformly across the network, and there is no canonical flow of information about reward events in the recorded structures.
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47
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Levitan D, Lin JY, Wachutka J, Mukherjee N, Nelson SB, Katz DB. Single and population coding of taste in the gustatory cortex of awake mice. J Neurophysiol 2019; 122:1342-1356. [PMID: 31339800 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00357.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Electrophysiological analysis has revealed much about the broad coding and neural ensemble dynamics that characterize gustatory cortical (GC) taste processing in awake rats and about how these dynamics relate to behavior. With regard to mice, however, data concerning cortical taste coding have largely been restricted to imaging, a technique that reveals average levels of neural responsiveness but that (currently) lacks the temporal sensitivity necessary for evaluation of fast response dynamics; furthermore, the few extant studies have thus far failed to provide consensus on basic features of coding. We have recorded the spiking activity of ensembles of GC neurons while presenting representatives of the basic taste modalities (sweet, salty, sour, and bitter) to awake mice. Our first central result is the identification of similarities between rat and mouse taste processing: most mouse GC neurons (~66%) responded distinctly to multiple (3-4) tastes; temporal coding analyses further reveal, for the first time, that single mouse GC neurons sequentially code taste identity and palatability, the latter responses emerging ~0.5 s after the former, with whole GC ensembles transitioning suddenly and coherently from coding taste identity to coding taste palatability. The second finding is that spatial location plays very little role in any aspect of taste responses: neither between- (anterior-posterior) nor within-mouse (dorsal-ventral) mapping revealed anatomic regions with narrow or temporally simple taste responses. These data confirm recent results showing that mouse cortical taste responses are not "gustotopic" but also go beyond these imaging results to show that mice process tastes through time.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Here, we analyzed taste-related spiking activity in awake mouse gustatory cortical (GC) neural ensembles, revealing deep similarities between mouse cortical taste processing and that repeatedly demonstrated in rat: mouse GC ensembles code multiple aspects of taste in a coarse-coded, time-varying manner that is essentially invariant across the spatial extent of GC. These data demonstrate that, contrary to some reports, cortical network processing is distributed, rather than being separated out into spatial subregion.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Levitan
- Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts
| | - Jian-You Lin
- Department of Psychology, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts.,Volen Center for Complex Systems, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts
| | - Joseph Wachutka
- Department of Psychology, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts
| | | | - Sacha B Nelson
- Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts.,Volen Center for Complex Systems, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts
| | - Donald B Katz
- Department of Psychology, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts.,Volen Center for Complex Systems, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts
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48
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Lasconi C, Pifferi S, Hernandez-Clavijo A, Merigo F, Cecchini MP, Gonzalez-Velandia KY, Agostinelli E, Sbarbati A, Menini A. Bitter tastants and artificial sweeteners activate a subset of epithelial cells in acute tissue slices of the rat trachea. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8834. [PMID: 31222082 PMCID: PMC6586933 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45456-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bitter and sweet receptors (T2Rs and T1Rs) are expressed in many extra-oral tissues including upper and lower airways. To investigate if bitter tastants and artificial sweeteners could activate physiological responses in tracheal epithelial cells we performed confocal Ca2+ imaging recordings on acute tracheal slices. We stimulated the cells with denatonium benzoate, a T2R agonist, and with the artificial sweeteners sucralose, saccharin and acesulfame-K. To test cell viability we measured responses to ATP. We found that 39% of the epithelial cells responding to ATP also responded to bitter stimulation with denatonium benzoate. Moreover, artificial sweeteners activated different percentages of the cells, ranging from 5% for sucralose to 26% for saccharin, and 27% for acesulfame-K. By using carbenoxolone, a gap junction blocker, we excluded that responses were mainly mediated by Ca2+ waves through cell-to-cell junctions. Pharmacological experiments showed that both denatonium and artificial sweeteners induced a PLC-mediated release of Ca2+ from internal stores. In addition, bitter tastants and artificial sweeteners activated a partially overlapping subpopulation of tracheal epithelial cells. Our results provide new evidence that a subset of ATP-responsive tracheal epithelial cells from rat are activated by both bitter tastants and artificial sweeteners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Lasconi
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Anatomy and Histology Section, University of Verona, School of Medicine, Verona, Italy
| | - Simone Pifferi
- Neurobiology Group, SISSA, International School for Advanced Studies, Trieste, Italy.
| | | | - Flavia Merigo
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Anatomy and Histology Section, University of Verona, School of Medicine, Verona, Italy
| | - Maria Paola Cecchini
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Anatomy and Histology Section, University of Verona, School of Medicine, Verona, Italy.
| | | | - Emilio Agostinelli
- Neurobiology Group, SISSA, International School for Advanced Studies, Trieste, Italy
| | - Andrea Sbarbati
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Anatomy and Histology Section, University of Verona, School of Medicine, Verona, Italy
| | - Anna Menini
- Neurobiology Group, SISSA, International School for Advanced Studies, Trieste, Italy
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49
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Ohla K, Yoshida R, Roper SD, Di Lorenzo PM, Victor JD, Boughter JD, Fletcher M, Katz DB, Chaudhari N. Recognizing Taste: Coding Patterns Along the Neural Axis in Mammals. Chem Senses 2019; 44:237-247. [PMID: 30788507 PMCID: PMC6462759 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjz013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The gustatory system encodes information about chemical identity, nutritional value, and concentration of sensory stimuli before transmitting the signal from taste buds to central neurons that process and transform the signal. Deciphering the coding logic for taste quality requires examining responses at each level along the neural axis-from peripheral sensory organs to gustatory cortex. From the earliest single-fiber recordings, it was clear that some afferent neurons respond uniquely and others to stimuli of multiple qualities. There is frequently a "best stimulus" for a given neuron, leading to the suggestion that taste exhibits "labeled line coding." In the extreme, a strict "labeled line" requires neurons and pathways dedicated to single qualities (e.g., sweet, bitter, etc.). At the other end of the spectrum, "across-fiber," "combinatorial," or "ensemble" coding requires minimal specific information to be imparted by a single neuron. Instead, taste quality information is encoded by simultaneous activity in ensembles of afferent fibers. Further, "temporal coding" models have proposed that certain features of taste quality may be embedded in the cadence of impulse activity. Taste receptor proteins are often expressed in nonoverlapping sets of cells in taste buds apparently supporting "labeled lines." Yet, taste buds include both narrowly and broadly tuned cells. As gustatory signals proceed to the hindbrain and on to higher centers, coding becomes more distributed and temporal patterns of activity become important. Here, we present the conundrum of taste coding in the light of current electrophysiological and imaging techniques at several levels of the gustatory processing pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Ohla
- Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Ryusuke Yoshida
- Section of Oral Neuroscience and OBT Research Center, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Department of Oral Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama City, Japan
| | - Stephen D Roper
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | | | - Jonathan D Victor
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - John D Boughter
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Max Fletcher
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Donald B Katz
- Volen Center for Complex Systems, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, USA
| | - Nirupa Chaudhari
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
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50
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Qin C, Qin Z, Zhao D, Pan Y, Zhuang L, Wan H, Di Pizio A, Malach E, Niv MY, Huang L, Hu N, Wang P. A bioinspired in vitro bioelectronic tongue with human T2R38 receptor for high-specificity detection of N-C=S-containing compounds. Talanta 2019; 199:131-139. [PMID: 30952236 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Detection and identification of bitter compounds draw great attention in pharmaceutical and food industry. Several well-known agonists of specific bitter taste receptors have been found to exhibit anti-cancer effects. For example, N-C=S-containing compounds, such as allyl-isothiocyanates, have shown cancer chemo-preventive effects. It is worth noting that human T2R38 receptor is specific for compounds containing N-C=S moiety. Here, a bioinspired cell-based bioelctronic tongue (BioET) is developed for the high-specificity isothiocyanate-induced bitter detection, utilizing human Caco-2 cells as a primary sensing element and interdigitated impedance sensor as a secondary transducer. As an intestinal carcinoma cell line, Caco-2 endogenously expresses human bitter receptor T2R38, and the activation of T2R38 induces the changes of cellular morphology which can be detected by electric cell-substrate impedance sensing (ECIS). After configuration and optimization of parameters including timing of compound administration and cell density, quantitative bitter evaluation models were built for two well-known bitter compounds, phenylthiocarbamide (PTC) and propylthiouracil (PROP). The bitter specific detection of this BioET is inhibited by probenecid and U-73122, and is not elicited by other taste modalities or bitter ligands that do not activate T2R38. Moreover, by combining different computational tools, we designed a ligand-based virtual screening (LBVS) protocol to select ligands that are likely to activate T2R38 receptor. Three computationally predicted agonists of T2R38 were selected using the LBVS protocol, and the BioET presented response to the predicted agonists, validating the capability of the LBVS protocol. This study suggests this unique cell-based BioET paves a general and promising way to specifically detect N-C=S-containing compounds that can be used for pharmaceutical study and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlian Qin
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Education Ministry, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Zhen Qin
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Education Ministry, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; Key Laboratory of Healthy & Intelligent Kitchen System Integration of Zhejiang Province, No. 218 Binhai 2nd Road, Ningbo 315336, China
| | - Dongxiao Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yuxiang Pan
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Education Ministry, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Liujing Zhuang
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Education Ministry, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Hao Wan
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Education Ministry, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Antonella Di Pizio
- The Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel; Leibniz-Institute for Food Systems Biology at the Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Einav Malach
- The Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Masha Y Niv
- The Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Liquan Huang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ning Hu
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Education Ministry, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Education Ministry, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China.
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