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Yıldırım Demirdöğen E, Tanrıverdi Ç, Kara İ, Donbaloğlu MA, Özgeriş FB. Oxidative Imbalance in Pediatric Anxiety Disorders: A Preliminary Comparative Study. Cureus 2024; 16:e54796. [PMID: 38529433 PMCID: PMC10961602 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.54796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background It is important to determine the possible related factors of anxiety disorder, one of the common psychiatric disorders of childhood. Our aims in this study were to compare oxidative stress markers between anxiety disorders in pediatric patients and healthy controls and to examine the relationship between anxiety symptom severity and oxidative stress indicators. Methods The study included 25 patients and 25 healthy controls. We measured the total oxidant capacity (TOS) and total antioxidant capacity (TAS) from the collected serum samples and calculated the oxidative stress index (OSI). We evaluated the clinical severity of the anxiety symptoms by the Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale-Child Version (RCADS-CV). Results The groups did not exhibit a noteworthy distinction in terms of TOS (p=0.128) and TAS (p=0.329). However, OSI was markedly elevated in the group with anxiety disorder (p=0.044). In the correlation analysis between anxiety symptom severity and oxidative stress indicators in the group with anxiety disorder, we found a positive correlation between TOS and RCADS total anxiety score (p=0.08). Conclusion These results may point to an oxidative dysfunction in anxiety disorders and the potential role of oxidative stress in their aetiology. Prospective, large-scale, randomized studies are needed to investigate if oxidative stress indicators can be used in the diagnosis of anxiety disorders and as new treatment targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esen Yıldırım Demirdöğen
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Atatürk University Faculty of Medicine, Erzurum, TUR
| | - Çiğdem Tanrıverdi
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erzurum Regional Training and Research Hospital, Erzurum, TUR
| | - İhsan Kara
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erzurum Regional Training and Research Hospital, Erzurum, TUR
| | - Mehmet Ali Donbaloğlu
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Atatürk University Faculty of Medicine, Erzurum, TUR
| | - Fatma Betül Özgeriş
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ataturk University, Erzurum, TUR
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Matalon N, Vergaelen E, Shani S, Dar S, Mekori-Domachevsky E, Segal-Gavish H, Hochberg Y, Gothelf D, Swillen A, Taler M. The relationship between oxidative stress and psychotic disorders in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. Brain Behav Immun 2023; 114:16-21. [PMID: 37541396 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND 22q11.2 Deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS) is the most common microdeletion syndrome in humans. This condition is associated with a wide range of symptoms including immune and neuropsychiatric disorders. Notably, psychotic disorders including schizophrenia have a prevalence of ∼ 30%. A growing body of evidence indicates that neuroinflammation and oxidative stress (OS) play a role in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. In this study, we aim to assess the interaction between 22q11.2DS, OS and schizophrenia. METHODS Blood samples were collected from 125 participants (including individuals with 22q11.2DS [n = 73] and healthy controls [n = 52]) from two sites: Sheba Medical Center in Israel, and University Hospital Gasthuisberg in Belgium. Baseline OS levels were evaluated by measuring Myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity. A sub-sample of the Israeli sample (n = 50) was further analyzed to examine survival of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs) following induction of OS using vitamin K3. RESULTS The levels of MPO were significantly higher in all individuals with 22q11.2DS, compared to healthy controls (0.346 ± 0.256 vs. 0.252 ± 0.238, p =.004). In addition, when comparing to healthy controls, the PBMCs of individuals with 22q11.2DS were less resilient to induced OS, specifically the group diagnosed with psychotic disorder (0.233 ± 0.206 for the 22q11.2DS individuals with psychotic disorders, 0.678 ± 1.162 for the 22q11.2DS individuals without psychotic disorders, and 1.428 ± 1.359 for the healthy controls, p =.003, η2 = 0.207). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that dysregulation of OS mechanisms may play a role in the pathophysiology of the 22q11.2DS phenotype. The 22q11.2DS individuals with psychotic disorders were more sensitive to induction of OS, but did not present significantly different levels of OS at baseline. These results may be due to the effect of antipsychotic treatment administered to this sup-group. By elucidating novel molecular pathways, early identification of biochemical risk markers for 22q11.2DS and psychotic disorders can be detected. This can ultimately pave the way to the design of early and more precise interventions of individuals with 22q11.2DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noam Matalon
- Behavioral Neurogenetics Center, The Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel; Pediatric Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel; Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Elfi Vergaelen
- Center for Human Genetics, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Shachar Shani
- Behavioral Neurogenetics Center, The Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel; Pediatric Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel; Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shira Dar
- Pediatric Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Ehud Mekori-Domachevsky
- Behavioral Neurogenetics Center, The Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel; Pediatric Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel; Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Hadar Segal-Gavish
- Behavioral Neurogenetics Center, The Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel; Pediatric Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Doron Gothelf
- Behavioral Neurogenetics Center, The Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel; Pediatric Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel; Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ann Swillen
- Center for Human Genetics, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Michal Taler
- Pediatric Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel; Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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Yang JH. Cytoprotective Effect of Bambusae caulis in Liquamen by Blocking Oxidative Stress in Hepatocytes. Molecules 2023; 28:5862. [PMID: 37570831 PMCID: PMC10421324 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Bambusae caulis in Liquamen (BCL), which is extracted from heat-treated fresh bamboo stems, is a traditional herbal medicine widely used in Eastern countries. Recently, it has been reported to have anti-inflammatory and whitening effects. However, the protective effect of BCL on hepatocytes has not yet been elucidated. The present study aimed to determine whether BCL prevents oxidative stress induced by tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP) and exerts cytoprotective effects on hepatocytes. High-performance liquid chromatography and liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectroscopy were performed to analyze the type of polyphenols present in BCL. The activities of antioxidant enzymes and hepatocyte viability were assessed. The benzoic acid content was the highest among polyphenols present in BCL. Benzoic acid acts as a scavenger of free radicals, including reactive oxygen species. BCL increased the expression of antioxidant enzymes (glutamate-cysteine ligase and NADPH quinone dehydrogenase (1)) by activating nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 and reduced tBHP-induced cell death by inhibiting oxidative stress. BCL inhibited tBHP-induced phosphorylation of p38 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase but not that of extracellular signal-regulated kinase. In conclusion, BCL is a promising therapeutic candidate for treating oxidative-stress-induced hepatocyte damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hye Yang
- College of Korean Medicine, Dongshin University, Naju 58245, Republic of Korea
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da Silva Schmidt PM, Trettim JP, Longoni A, Grings M, de Matos MB, de Avila Quevedo L, Ardais AP, Nedel F, Ghisleni G, Leipnitz G, Pinheiro RT, de Assis AM. Can glutathione be a biomarker for suicide risk in women 18 months postpartum? Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1142608. [PMID: 36846227 PMCID: PMC9948031 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1142608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicide risk is prominent among the problems affecting populations, mainly due to the broad family, psychosocial and economic impact. Most individuals at suicidal risk have some mental disorder. There is considerable evidence that psychiatric disorders are accompanied by the activation of neuro-immune and neuro-oxidative pathways. The aim of the study is to evaluate the serum levels of oxidative stress biomarkers in women at risk of suicide after 18 months of postpartum. METHODS This is a case-control study, nested within a cohort study. From this cohort, 45 women [15 without mood disorders and 30 with mood disorders (Major depression and Bipolar disorder)] were selected at 18 months postpartum, the depression and suicide risk were assessed using the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview Plus (MINI-Plus) instrument, module A and C, respectively. Blood was collected and stored for later analysis of the reactive species (DCFH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione reduced (GSH). For data analysis, the SPSS program was used. To compare the nominal covariates with the outcome GSH levels, the Student's t-test or analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used. Spearman's correlation was performed for analysis between the quantitative covariates and the outcome. To analyze the interaction between the factors, multiple linear regression was performed. Bonferroni analysis was used as an additional/secondary result to visualize differences in glutathione levels according to risk severity. After the adjusted analysis, p-values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. RESULTS The percentage of suicide risk observed in our sample of women at 18 months postpartum was 24.4% (n = 11). After adjusting for the independent variables, only the presence of suicide risk remained associated with the outcome (β = 0.173; p = 0.007), low levels of GSH at 18 months after postpartum. Likewise, we verified the difference in GSH levels according to the degree of suicide risk, observing a significant association between the differences in glutathione means in the group of women with moderate to high risk compared to the reference group (no suicide risk) (p = 0.009). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that GSH may be a potential biomarker or etiologic factor in women at moderate to high risk of suicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Michele da Silva Schmidt
- Graduate Program in Health and Behavior, Center of Health Science, Universidade Católica de Pelotas - UCPel, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Puchalski Trettim
- Graduate Program in Health and Behavior, Center of Health Science, Universidade Católica de Pelotas - UCPel, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Aline Longoni
- Graduate Program in Health and Behavior, Center of Health Science, Universidade Católica de Pelotas - UCPel, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Mateus Grings
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Mariana Bonati de Matos
- Graduate Program in Health and Behavior, Center of Health Science, Universidade Católica de Pelotas - UCPel, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Luciana de Avila Quevedo
- Graduate Program in Health and Behavior, Center of Health Science, Universidade Católica de Pelotas - UCPel, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Ardais
- Graduate Program in Health and Behavior, Center of Health Science, Universidade Católica de Pelotas - UCPel, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Nedel
- Graduate Program in Health and Behavior, Center of Health Science, Universidade Católica de Pelotas - UCPel, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Gabriele Ghisleni
- Graduate Program in Health and Behavior, Center of Health Science, Universidade Católica de Pelotas - UCPel, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Guilhian Leipnitz
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Tavares Pinheiro
- Graduate Program in Health and Behavior, Center of Health Science, Universidade Católica de Pelotas - UCPel, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Adriano Martimbianco de Assis
- Graduate Program in Health and Behavior, Center of Health Science, Universidade Católica de Pelotas - UCPel, Pelotas, Brazil
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Autoantibodies Against ROS-Human Serum Albumin-A Potent Immunological marker in Depressed Individuals with Smoking History. REV ROMANA MED LAB 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/rrlm-2022-0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Depression is one of the significant problems in adults that accounts for up to five percent of cases worldwide.
Methods: Volunteers were divided into eight groups, and their serum samples were tested for FBG, carbonyl contents, IFN-γ and TNF-α. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) modified human serum albumin (HSA) (ROSHSA) was used as an antigen and levels of serum autoantibodies were estimated by direct binding and inhibition ELISA in all subjects.
Results: Significant biophysical structural modifications were observed in ROS-HSA with increased carbonyl contents compared to native-HSA (N-HSA). Significantly high levels of carbonyl content (2.68 ± 0.33 nmol/mg protein; p > 0.001) and pro-inflammatory cytokines IFN-γ (7.4 ± 0.61 pg/ml; p > 0.001) and TNF-α (1.47 ± 0.23 pg/ml; p > 0.001) were detected in serum samples from F-D-S. Similarly, a high level of autoantibodies against ROS-HSA was observed in females who were depressed and smokers (F-D-S) group (0.89 ± 0.07; p > 0.001) compared to males who were both depressed and smokers (M-D-S) (0.66 ± 0.049). Furthermore, inhibition ELISA results exhibited high recognition of serum autoantibodies from F-D-S subjects (78.6 ± 5.7 mean maximum percentage inhibition MMPI) compared to M-D-S (58.8 ± 5.2 MMPI) subjects.
Conclusion: Incoherence, long term unchecked chronic psychological stress may cause oxidation of blood proteins, which subsequently result in structural alterations of biomolecules, thus generating new-epitopes, capable of inducing autoantibodies specific for ROS-modified proteins. These autoantibodies may be a potential marker for subjects suffering from depression to understand the state of immune imbalance.
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Ramli FF, Cowen PJ, Godlewska BR. The Potential Use of Ebselen in Treatment-Resistant Depression. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:485. [PMID: 35455482 PMCID: PMC9030939 DOI: 10.3390/ph15040485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Ebselen is an organoselenium compound developed as an antioxidant and subsequently shown to be a glutathione peroxidase (GPx) mimetic. Ebselen shows some efficacy in post-stroke neuroprotection and is currently in trial for the treatment and prevention of hearing loss, Meniere's Disease and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). In vitro screening studies show that ebselen is also an effective inhibitor of the enzyme inositol monophosphatase (IMPase), which is a key target of the mood-stabilising drug lithium. Further, in animal experimental studies, ebselen produces effects on the serotonin system very similar to those of lithium and also decreases behavioural impulsivity. The antidepressant effects of lithium in treatment-resistant depression (TRD) have been attributed to its ability to facilitate presynaptic serotonin activity; this suggests that ebselen might also have a therapeutic role in this condition. Human studies utilising magnetic resonance spectroscopy support the notion that ebselen, at therapeutic doses, inhibits IMPase in the human brain. Moreover, neuropsychological studies support an antidepressant profile for ebselen based on positive effects on emotional processing and reward seeking. Ebselen also lowers a human laboratory measure of impulsivity, a property that has been associated with lithium's anti-suicidal effects in patients with mood disorders. Current clinical studies are directed towards assessment of the neuropsychological effects of ebselen in TRD patients. It will also be important to ascertain whether ebselen is able to lower impulsivity and suicidal behaviour in clinical populations. The objective of this review is to summarise the developmental history, pre-clinical and clinical psychopharmacological properties of ebselen in psychiatric disorders and its potential application as a treatment for TRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fitri Fareez Ramli
- Clinical Psychopharmacology Research Group, Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford OX3 7JX, UK; (F.F.R.); (P.J.C.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Philip J. Cowen
- Clinical Psychopharmacology Research Group, Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford OX3 7JX, UK; (F.F.R.); (P.J.C.)
| | - Beata R. Godlewska
- Clinical Psychopharmacology Research Group, Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford OX3 7JX, UK; (F.F.R.); (P.J.C.)
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Al-Rawaf HA, Alghadir AH, Gabr SA. Circulating microRNAs and Molecular Oxidative Stress in Older Adults with Neuroprogression Disorders. DISEASE MARKERS 2021; 2021:4409212. [PMID: 34721735 PMCID: PMC8556086 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4409212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND circulating microRNAs are potential blood biomarkers differentially expressed in many diseases including neuro depression disorders. It controls the expression of human genes and associated cellular and physiological processes in normal and diseased cells. We aimed to evaluate the potential role of circulating miRNAs and their association with both stress hormones and cellular oxidative stress in neuro depression disorders occurred among older adults. METHODS a total of 70 healthy subjects were included in this study. Based upon the profile of mood states (POMS-32 score), the participants classified into two groups; healthy subjects (n =30) and depression (n =40). The expression of microRNAs; miR-124, miR-34a-5p, miR-135, and miR-451-a and their correlation with cellular oxidative stress parameters; cellular NO, genes of SOD2, CAT and iNOS, and hormones; cortisol and serotonin were estimated by a quantitative real-time RT-PCR, high-performance liquid chromatography, and ELISA Immunoassay techniques, respectively. RESULTS depression was reported in 57.14% of the participants. The results showed a significant increase (p =0.01) in the total mood scores, and relative depression domains in older adults with depression compared to healthy controls. The relative expression levels of miR-124, miR-34a-5p significantly increased and the expression levels of miR-135, and miR-451-a significantly decreased in older adults with depression compared to healthy controls. In addition, the levels of cortisol significantly increased and serotonin (5HT) significantly reduced in all participants with depression. Cellular oxidative stress analysis for depressed subjects showed that serum NO levels and the expression of iNO gene significantly increased conversely with a decline in the molecular expression antioxidative genes; SOD2, CAT, respectively. The results showed that cellular oxidative stress parameters correlated positively with depression scores, cortisol, and negatively with cellular serotonin levels. In depressed subjects, the relative expression of microRNAs correlated positively with depression score, NO, iNOS, cortisol, and negatively associated with SOD2, CAT, and serotonin. CONCLUSION The combination of cellular oxidative stress and hormonal levels strongly supports a role for circulating miRNAs; miR-124, miR-34a-5p, miR-135, and miR-451-a in the regulation of depression and mood disorders among older adults. The expressed microRNAs with their related association to cellular oxidative stress and adrenal hormones are a step towards understanding the role of these small RNA molecules in the progression of depression among older adults. Thus, cellular miRNAs might have a prognostic role in the diagnosis and as a target for treatment strategies in depressed subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadeel A. Al-Rawaf
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad H. Alghadir
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami A. Gabr
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Bati B, Celik I, Vuran NE, Turan A, Alkan EE, Zirek AK. Effects of Gundelia tournefortii L. on biochemical parameters, antioxidant activities and DNA damage in a rat model of experimental obesity. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 83:e251198. [PMID: 34550296 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.251198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was designed to investigate the effects of Gundelia tournefortii L. plant extract on different tissues in terms of DNA damage, biochemical and antioxidant parameter values in rats with high-calorie diets. With this aim, Wistar albino male rats were divided into 4 groups containing 6 rats each and the study was completed over 12 weeks duration. At the end of the implementation process over the 12 weeks, rats were sacrificed and blood and tissue samples were obtained. Analyses were performed on blood and tissue samples. According to results for DNA damage (8-OHdG), in brain tissue the OG2 group was significantly reduced compared to the NC group. For MDA results in liver tissue, OG1 and OG2 groups were determined to increase by a significant degree compared to the control group, while the OG2 group was also increased significantly compared to the obese group. In terms of the other parameters, comparison between the groups linked to consumption of a high calorie diet (HCD) and administration of Gundelia tournefortii L. in terms of antioxidant activities and serum samples obtained statistically significant results. Gundelia tournefortii L. plant extracts had effects that may be counted as positive on antioxidant parameter activity and were especially identified to improve DNA damage and MDA levels in brain tissues. Additionally, consumption of Gundelia tournefortii L. plant extract in the diet may have antiobesity effects; thus, it should be evaluated for use as an effective weight-loss method and as a new therapeutic agent targeting obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Bati
- Van Yüzüncü Yıl University, Faculty of Education, Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Van, Turkey
| | - I Celik
- Van Yüzüncü Yıl University, Science Faculty, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic, Van, Turkey
| | - N Eray Vuran
- Van Yüzüncü Yıl University, Science Faculty, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic, Van, Turkey
| | - A Turan
- Van Yüzüncü Yıl University, Science Faculty, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic, Van, Turkey
| | - E E Alkan
- Van Yüzüncü Yıl University, Faculty of Education, Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Van, Turkey
| | - A K Zirek
- Hakkari University, Institute of Sciences, Medical Services and Techniques, Hakkari, Turkey
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Ventriglio A, Bellomo A, Favale D, Bonfitto I, Vitrani G, Di Sabatino D, Cuozzo E, Di Gioia I, Mauro P, Giampaolo P, Alessandro V, De Berardis D. Oxidative Stress in the Early Stage of Psychosis. Curr Top Med Chem 2021; 21:1457-1470. [PMID: 34218786 DOI: 10.2174/1568026621666210701105839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the past few decades, increasing evidence in the literature has appeared describing the role of the antioxidant defense system and redox signaling in the multifactorial pathophysiology of psychosis. It is of interest to clinicians and researchers alike that abnormalities of the antioxidant defense system are associated with alterations of cellular membranes, immune functions and neurotransmission, all of which have some clinical implications. METHODS This narrative review summarizes the evidence regarding oxidative stress in the early stages of psychosis. We included 136 peer-reviewed articles published from 2007 to 2020 on PubMed EMBASE, The Cochrane Library and Google Scholar. RESULTS Patients affected by psychotic disorders show a decreased level of non-enzymatic antioxidants, an increased level of lipid peroxides, nitric oxides, and a homeostatic imbalance of purine catabolism. In particular, a significantly reduced antioxidant defense has been described in the early onset first episode of psychosis, including reduced levels of glutathione. Also, it has been shown that a decreased basal low -antioxidant capacity correlates with cognitive deficits and negative symptoms, mostly related to glutamate-receptor hypofunction. In addition, atypical antipsychotic drugs seem to show significant antioxidant activity. These factors are critical in order to treat cases of first-onset psychosis effectively. CONCLUSION This systematic review indicates the importance that must be given to anti-oxidant defense systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Ventriglio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Antonello Bellomo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Donato Favale
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Iris Bonfitto
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Giovanna Vitrani
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Dario Di Sabatino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Edwige Cuozzo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Ilaria Di Gioia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Pettorruso Mauro
- Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, Univerity of Chieti, Italy
| | - Perna Giampaolo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
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Zacharopoulos G, Emir U, Cohen Kadosh R. The cross-sectional interplay between neurochemical profile and brain connectivity. Hum Brain Mapp 2021; 42:2722-2733. [PMID: 33835605 PMCID: PMC8127145 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurochemical profile and brain connectivity are both critical aspects of brain function. However, our knowledge of their interplay across development is currently poor. We combined single-voxel magnetic resonance spectroscopy and resting functional magnetic resonance imaging in a cross-sectional sample spanning from childhood to adulthood which was reassessed in ~1.5 years (N = 293). We revealed the developmental trajectories of 20 neurochemicals in two key developmental brain regions (the intraparietal sulcus, IPS, and the middle frontal gyrus, MFG). We found that certain neurochemicals exhibited similar developmental trajectories across the two regions, while other trajectories were region-specific. Crucially, we mapped the connectivity of the brain regions IPS and MFG to the rest of the brain across development as a function of regional glutamate and GABA concentration. We demonstrated that glutamate concentration within the IPS is modulated by age in explaining IPS connectivity with frontal, temporal and parietal regions. In mature participants, higher glutamate within the IPS was related to more negative connectivity while the opposite pattern was found for younger participants. Our findings offer specific developmental insights on the interplay between the brain's resting activity and the glutamatergic system both of which are crucial for regulating normal functioning and are dysregulated in several clinical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Zacharopoulos
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Department of Experimental PsychologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Uzay Emir
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Department of Experimental PsychologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Human SciencesPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndianaUSA
| | - Roi Cohen Kadosh
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Department of Experimental PsychologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
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Dean B, Gogos A. The impact of ovariectomy and chronic estrogen treatment on gene expression in the rat cortex: Implications for psychiatric disorders. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2021; 127:105192. [PMID: 33730612 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2021.105192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Estrogens, via estrogen-mediated changes in CNS function, have been suggested to be beneficial in the treatment of several psychiatric disorders. Few studies have used transcriptomic technologies to determine the effect of estrogen on gene expression in the CNS. Thus, we aimed to examine the impact of ovariectomy (the removal of all ovarian hormones) and estrogen replacement on rat frontal cortical gene expression. We used the Agilent SurePrint G3 Gene Expression Rat Array to measure levels of RNA in intact (cycling) female rats and in ovariectomized rats that were, or were not, given 17β-estradiol in implants for 4 weeks. Compared to untreated ovariectomized rats, intact rats (effect of ovarian hormones; comparison 1) and rats receiving 17β-estradiol replacement (estrogen-specific effects; comparison 2) showed significant changes in cortical gene expression (58 and 36 genes, respectively). These changes in gene expression would be expected to affect pathways that regulate neurotransmitters, glutathione and sphingolipids; pathways known to be implicated in the pathophysiologies of psychiatric disorders. When we compared the levels of gene expression in the two comparisons that had a significance of p < 0.01 independent of magnitude of change, there was a strong correlation between fold changes in gene expression for 127 genes. We posit that this correlation is due to the level of expression of these genes being strongly influenced by both cycling and replacement estrogen. Further exploration of ovarian hormone- and estrogen-sensitive gene expression may provide new insight into the aetiology of aspects of psychiatric disorders that show sex differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Dean
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrea Gogos
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
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12
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Picard K, St-Pierre MK, Vecchiarelli HA, Bordeleau M, Tremblay MÈ. Neuroendocrine, neuroinflammatory and pathological outcomes of chronic stress: A story of microglial remodeling. Neurochem Int 2021; 145:104987. [PMID: 33587954 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.104987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Microglia, the resident macrophage cells of the central nervous system (CNS), are involved in a myriad of processes required to maintain CNS homeostasis. These cells are dynamic and can adapt their phenotype and functions to the physiological needs of the organism. Microglia rapidly respond to changes occurring in their microenvironment, such as the ones taking place during stress. While stress can be beneficial for the organism to adapt to a situation, it can become highly detrimental when it turns chronic. Microglial response to prolonged stress may lead to an alteration of their beneficial physiological functions, becoming either maladaptive or pro-inflammatory. In this review, we aim to summarize the effects of chronic stress exerted on microglia through the neuroendocrine system and inflammation at adulthood. We also discuss how these effects of chronic stress could contribute to microglial involvement in neuropsychiatric and sleep disorders, as well as neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Picard
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada; Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada; Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Marie-Kim St-Pierre
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada; Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada; Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | | | - Maude Bordeleau
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada; Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Marie-Ève Tremblay
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada; Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada; Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada; Neurology and Neurosurgery Department, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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Pardhi VP, Flora S. Stable solid dispersion of lurasidone hydrochloride with augmented physicochemical properties for the treatment of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Biopharm Drug Dispos 2020; 41:334-351. [PMID: 33080060 DOI: 10.1002/bdd.2252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Crystalline solid dispersion of lurasidone hydrochloride (LH) was made with various polar and non-polar small molecules to overcome the poor aqueous solubility issue. LH-Glutathione (GSH) solid dispersion in 1:1 ratio was prepared by co-grinding method and characterized by using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), powder X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy. GSH acts as antioxidant and reported for anti-schizophrenic activity may provide synergistic action with LH or reduce the side effects. LH in LH-GSH solid dispersion (SD) has shown improvement in solubility by 7.9 folds than plain drug which translated in terms of improved dissolution rate by two-folds. The in vitro dissolution results showed maximum dissolution rate with LH-GSH SD (97.85 ± 2.40%) compared to plain drug (50.5 ± 3.02%) at 15 min (t15 min, %) and thus, satisfying criteria of immediate release dosage form. DSC and FTIR data confirmed the stability of LH-GSH SD for 3 months at accelerated stability condition (40 ± 2°C and 75 ± 5% RH). The prepared LH-GSH SD can be used as a tool to target dual problems that is, enhanced physicochemical properties along with possible management of disorder which could be due to synergism with co-administered GSH. This approach is thought to be efficiently providing the relief to the psychological patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishwas P Pardhi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Raebareli, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Swaran Flora
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Raebareli, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Apaydin Yildirim B, Aydin T, Kordali S, Yildirim S, Cakir A, Yildirim F. Antihemorrhoidal activity of organic acids of Capsella bursa-pastoris on croton oil-induced hemorrhoid in rats. J Food Biochem 2020; 44:e13343. [PMID: 32588462 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study was aimed to investigate the antihemorrhoidal effects of ethanol (CBE) and water extracts (CBW) of Capsella bursa-pastoris, an edible plant and a precipitant (CBW-1) obtained from the CBW in croton oil (CO)-induced hemorrhoid model in rats. CBW-1 was contain three organic acids, citric acid (36.09%), malic acid (35.56%), and quinic acid (17.73%). Hemorrhoids were evaluated by histopathology of recto-anal tissues and biochemical parameters in plasma and recto-anal tissues of rats. CBW, CBE, and CBW-1 significantly reduced hemorrhagic necrotic enteritis induced by CO. CO also increased the cytokines and lipid peroxidation (LPO) in serum, and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and LPO in recto-anal tissues, and reduced the GSH, CAT, GPx, and SOD levels in serum and recto-anal tissues. However, CBE, CBW, and CBW-1 ameliorated the levels of the cytokines, LPO, MPO, and the antioxidants. Our results conclude that the curative effect of Capsella bursa-pastoris is closely related with its organic acids constituents, citric, malic, and quinic acids. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: The fresh leaves of Capsella bursa-pastoris are edible, eaten raw or cooked, and also used in salad. It has a widespread traditional usage in the treatment of the hemorrhoids in the Anatolia and in the Middle East Countries. According to our literature survey, any scientific evidence has not been found in the literature that C. bursa-pastoris could be used in the treatment of hemorrhoids. Therefore, in the current study, we aimed to investigate the antihemorrhoidal and antioxidant effects of ethanol and water extracts, and a precipitant (CBW-1) obtained from the CBW of C. bursa-pastoris in croton oil (CO)-induced hemorrhoid model in rats. The current results showed that its water extract and CBW-1 containing three organic acids, citric acid (36.09%), malic acid (35.56%), and quinic acid (17.73%) significantly reduced the hemorrhagic necrotic enteritis induced by CO ameliorating the levels of the cytokines, LPO, MPO, and the antioxidants. Our results conclude that the curative effect of C. bursa-pastoris is closely related with its organic acids constituents, citric, malic, and quinic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tuba Aydin
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, Agri İbrahim Cecen University, Agri, Turkey
| | - Saban Kordali
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Protection, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Fethiye-Mugla, Turkey
| | - Serkan Yildirim
- Department of Pathology, Ataturk University Veterinary Faculty, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Cakir
- Faculty of Sciences & Arts, Department of Chemistry, Kilis 7 Aralık University, Kilis, Turkey
| | - Fatih Yildirim
- Department of Animal Science, Ataturk University Veterinary Faculty, Erzurum, Turkey
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Barichello T, Giridharan VV, Bhatti G, Sayana P, Doifode T, Macedo D, Quevedo J. Inflammation as a Mechanism of Bipolar Disorder Neuroprogression. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2020; 48:215-237. [PMID: 33040314 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2020_173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a severe, debilitating psychiatric condition with onset in adolescence or young adulthood and often follows a relapsing and remitting course throughout life. The concept of neuroprogression in BD refers to the progressive path with an identifiable trajectory that takes place with recurrent mood episodes, which eventually leads to cognitive, functional, and clinical deterioration in the course of BD. Understanding the biological basis of neuroprogression helps to explain the subset of BD patients who experience worsening of their disorder over time. Additionally, the study of the neurobiological mechanisms underpinning neuroprogression will help BD staging based on systems biology. Replicated epidemiological studies have suggested inflammatory mechanisms as primary contributors to the neuroprogression of mood disorders. It is known that dysregulated inflammatory/immune pathways are often associated with BD pathophysiology. Hence, in this chapter, we focus on the evidence for the involvement of inflammation and immune regulated pathways in the neurobiological consequences of BD neuroprogression. Herein we put forth the evidence of immune markers from autoimmune disorders, chronic infections, and gut-brain axis that lead to BD neuroprogression. Further, we highlighted the peripheral and central inflammatory components measured along with BD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Barichello
- Translational Psychiatry Program, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA. .,Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil. .,Neuroscience Graduate Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Vijayasree Vayalanellore Giridharan
- Translational Psychiatry Program, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
| | - Gursimrat Bhatti
- Translational Psychiatry Program, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
| | - Pavani Sayana
- Translational Psychiatry Program, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tejaswini Doifode
- Translational Psychiatry Program, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
| | - Danielle Macedo
- Neuropsychopharmacology Laboratory, Drug Research, and Development Center, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.,National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM, CNPq), Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Joao Quevedo
- Translational Psychiatry Program, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA.,Laboratory of Neurosciences, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina-UNESC, Criciúma, SC, Brazil.,Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
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Factors Associated with Depression among Heart Failure Patients at Cardiac Follow-Up Clinics in Northwest Ethiopia, 2017: A Cross-Sectional Study. PSYCHIATRY JOURNAL 2019; 2019:6892623. [PMID: 31428624 PMCID: PMC6679871 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6892623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background Depression is a comorbid disorder in patients with heart failure and it is a major public health problem worldwide. Little is known about the depression among heart failure patients in low-income countries, while, in Ethiopia, none was studied. Objective This study is to assess the prevalence of depression and associated factors among heart failure patients at cardiac follow-up clinics at Amhara Region Referral Hospitals, Northwest Ethiopia, 2017. Methods A hospital based cross-sectional study was conducted between March 30, 2017, and May 15, 2017, G.C., by using a systematic random sampling technique to select 422 of 1395 HF patients. Structured interviewer-administered questionnaires and patient card review with a checklist that incorporates the PHQ-9 tool for depression measurement were used. The collected data were checked, coded, and entered into Epi-info version 7 and exported to SPSS version 20. Bivariate logistic regression at p-value <0.2 was exported to multivariate logistic regressions and p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results A total of 403 were included with a response rate of 95.5%. Among the participants, 51.1% had depressive symptoms. Factors associated with depressive symptoms were poor self-care behavior 1.60 [AOR (95% CI=1.01, 2.55)], poor social support 1.90 [AOR (95% CI=1.16, 3.12)], being female 2.70 [AOR (95% CI=1.44, 5.07)], current smoking history 4.96 [AOR (95% CI=1.54, 15.98)], and duration of heart failure (>1 year) 1.64 [AOR (95% CI=1.04, 2.59)]. Conclusions Around half of the patients were depressive. The patients who had poor self-care behavior, were females, had poor social support, had a current history of smoking, and had duration of chronic heart failure >1 year need special attention. Therefore, all referral hospitals need efforts to focus on those problems and target improvements of depressive symptoms.
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Lee JE, Kim YJ, Park HJ, Park S, Kim H, Kwon O. Association of recommended food score with depression, anxiety, and quality of life in Korean adults: the 2014-2015 National Fitness Award Project. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:956. [PMID: 31315605 PMCID: PMC6637724 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-7298-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background A healthy diet is a key determinant of an individual’s health status and is closely related to mental health and quality of life (QoL); however, the exact nature of the relationship is unknown. This study hypothesized that a higher diet quality score is associated with a lower observance of symptoms of depression and anxiety and a higher QoL. Methods This study evaluated 1,295 adults (521 men; 774 women) aged 19–64 years, who participated in the 2014–2015 National Fitness Award Project. Diet quality was measured by the recommended food score (RFS), and mental health and QoL were assessed by the beck depression inventory (BDI), beck anxiety inventory (BAI), and the World Health Organization QoL–Brief (WHOQoL–BREF). Results After adjusting for covariates, the individuals with depression had a significantly lower RFS value compared to those without depression, and the group with a QoL score above the median had a higher RFS value than the group with a QoL score below the median. These trends occurred in both men and women. Subjects in the highest tertile of RFS showed a lower odds of depression (OR = 0.51, 95% CI = 0.32–0.81, p-trend = 0.0043) and a QoL score below the median (OR = 0.40, 95% CI = 0.30–0.54, p-trend < 0.0001) compared with those in the lowest tertile. The RFS was not associated with anxiety. Conclusions Our data suggest that higher diet quality may be associated with lower depressive symptoms and a better QoL in Korean adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jo-Eun Lee
- Department of Clinical Nutrition Science, The Graduate School of Clinical Health Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - You Jin Kim
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, 52, Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jung Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Yuhan University, Bucheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Saejong Park
- Department of Sport Science, Korea Institute of Sport Science, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyesook Kim
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, 52, Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea.
| | - Oran Kwon
- Department of Clinical Nutrition Science, The Graduate School of Clinical Health Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, 52, Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea.
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Famitafreshi H, Karimian M. Modulation of catalase, copper and zinc in the hippocampus and the prefrontal cortex in social isolation-induced depression in male rats. Acta Neurobiol Exp (Wars) 2019. [DOI: 10.21307/ane-2019-016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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The Effect of a Short Period of Supplementation with Glutamine Dipeptide on the Cognitive Responses after a Resistance Training Session of Women with HIV/AIDS: A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Crossover Study. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:2525670. [PMID: 29850491 PMCID: PMC5903303 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2525670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of a short period of supplementation with glutamine dipeptide (GDP) on the acute responses to resistance training on the executive functions of people with HIV/AIDS. The sample consisted of 10 HIV+ women (45.00 ± 12.77 years old; 65.71 ± 12.04 kg; 1.54 ± 0.05 m) who were submitted to a randomized double-blind crossover procedure according to two experimental conditions: orally supplemented with 20 g/day of GDP or with maltodextrin for seven days. On the seventh day of supplementation all participants did cognitive function tests before and immediately after a resistance training session. Seven days of washout were adopted between conditions. Stroop and N-back tests were used to evaluate the executive functions. The training reduced the response time of each card in isolation and the latency time among them. GDP supplementation increased the magnitude of this effect, thus, reducing the latency time from the first to the last card in the Stroop test by almost 50% (P < 0.01). Considering the N-back test, there were no significant differences. It is suggested that GDP supplementation may increase the magnitude of the effect of an acute resistance training session in cognitive functions, particularly in the inhibitory control of people with HIV/AIDS. This trial is registered with NCT03236532.
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Li Z, Wang W, Xin X, Song X, Zhang D. Association of total zinc, iron, copper and selenium intakes with depression in the US adults. J Affect Disord 2018; 228:68-74. [PMID: 29232566 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2017.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2017] [Revised: 11/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of present study was to examine the associations of total zinc, iron, copper and selenium intakes from diet and supplements with depression. METHODS Cross-sectional study used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2009-2014 in the present study. Logistic regression models and restricted cubic spline models were applied to examine the associations of total zinc, iron, copper and selenium intakes with depression. RESULTS A total of 14834 adults aged 18 years or older (7399 men and 7435 women) were included in the present study. Total zinc, iron, copper and selenium intakes were inversely associated with depression in unadjusted model and age- and gender-adjusted model. The multivariate adjusted odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of depression were 0.68 (0.49-0.94) and 0.46 (0.32-0.67) for the highest versus lowest quartile of copper and selenium intakes, respectively. The inverse associations of depression were statistically significant for the quartile 3 versus lowest quartile of total zinc (OR: 0.70; 95% CI: 0.49-0.99) and iron intake (OR: 0.66 95% CI: 0.50-0.87). Compared to those below the RDA (Recommended Dietary Allowance), participants who met the RDA for zinc (OR: 0.74; 95% CI: 0.56-0.99), copper (OR: 0.68; 95% CI: 0.56-0.82) and selenium (OR: 0.52; 95% CI: 0.39, 0.71) had significantly lower odds of depression. LIMITATIONS This was a cross-sectional study, limiting causal inferences. Assessment of depression was based on a self- report scale. CONCLUSION Total zinc, iron, copper and selenium intakes may be inversely associated with depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongyao Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, the School of Public Health of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Weijing Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, the School of Public Health of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueling Xin
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, the School of Public Health of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingxing Song
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, the School of Public Health of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongfeng Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, the School of Public Health of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China.
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Berridge MJ. Vitamin D deficiency: infertility and neurodevelopmental diseases (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism, and schizophrenia). Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2017; 314:C135-C151. [PMID: 29070492 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00188.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The process of development depends on a number of signaling systems that regulates the progressive sequence of developmental events. Infertility and neurodevelopmental diseases, such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorders, and schizophrenia, are caused by specific alterations in these signaling processes. Calcium signaling plays a prominent role throughout development beginning at fertilization and continuing through early development, implantation, and organ differentiation such as heart and brain development. Vitamin D plays a major role in regulating these signaling processes that control development. There is an increase in infertility and an onset of neurodevelopmental diseases when vitamin D is deficient. The way in which vitamin D deficiency acts to alter development is a major feature of this review. One of the primary functions of vitamin D is to maintain the phenotypic stability of both the Ca2+ and redox signaling pathways that play such a key role throughout development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Berridge
- Laboratory of Molecular Signalling, The Babraham Institute , Cambridge , United Kingdom
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22
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Duailibi MS, Cordeiro Q, Brietzke E, Ribeiro M, LaRowe S, Berk M, Trevizol AP. N-acetylcysteine in the treatment of craving in substance use disorders: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Addict 2017; 26:660-666. [DOI: 10.1111/ajad.12620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Quirino Cordeiro
- Department of Psychiatry; Federal University of São Paulo; São Paulo Brazil
| | - Elisa Brietzke
- Department of Psychiatry; Federal University of São Paulo; São Paulo Brazil
| | - Marcelo Ribeiro
- Department of Psychiatry; Federal University of São Paulo; São Paulo Brazil
- Reference Center for Alcohol, Tobacco and Other Drugs (CRATOD); São Paulo State Secretariat of Health; São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
| | - Steve LaRowe
- Department of Psychiatry; Center for Drug and Alcohol Programs; Medical University of South Carolina; Charleston South Carolina
| | - Michael Berk
- School of Medicine; IMPACT Strategic Research Centre; Deakin University; Geelong Victoria Australia
- Department of Psychiatry; The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, and Orygen Youth Health Research Centre; University of Melbourne; Parkville Victoria Australia
| | - Alisson Paulino Trevizol
- Reference Center for Alcohol, Tobacco and Other Drugs (CRATOD); São Paulo State Secretariat of Health; São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
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Topiramate via NMDA, AMPA/kainate, GABA A and Alpha2 receptors and by modulation of CREB/BDNF and Akt/GSK3 signaling pathway exerts neuroprotective effects against methylphenidate-induced neurotoxicity in rats. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2017; 124:1369-1387. [PMID: 28795276 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-017-1771-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Chronic abuse of methylphenidate (MPH) often causes neuronal cell death. Topiramate (TPM) carries neuroprotective effects, but its exact mechanism of action remains unclear. In the present study, the role of various doses of TPM and its possible mechanisms, receptors and signaling pathways involved against MPH-induced hippocampal neurodegeneration were evaluated in vivo. Thus, domoic acid (DOM) was used as AMPA/kainate receptor agonist, bicuculline (BIC) as GABAA receptor antagonist, ketamine (KET) as NMDA receptor antagonist, yohimbine (YOH) as α2 adrenergic receptor antagonist and haloperidol (HAL) was used as dopamine D2 receptor antagonist. Open field test (OFT) was used to investigate the disturbances in motor activity. Hippocampal neurodegenerative parameters were evaluated. Protein expressions of CREB/BDNF and Akt/GSK3 signaling pathways were also evaluated. Cresyl violet staining was performed to show and confirm the changes in the shape of the cells. TPM (70 and 100 mg/kg) reduced MPH-induced rise in lipid peroxidation, oxidized form of glutathione (GSSG), IL-1β and TNF-α levels, Bax expression and motor activity disturbances. In addition, TPM treatment increased Bcl-2 expression, the level of reduced form of glutathione (GSH) and the levels and activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase enzymes. TPM also inhibited MPH-induced hippocampal degeneration. Pretreatment of animals with DOM, BIC, KET and YOH inhibited TPM-induced neuroprotection and increased oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, neuroapoptosis and neurodegeneration while reducing CREB, BDNF and Akt protein expressions. Also pretreatment with DOM, BIC, KET and YOH inhibited TPM-induced decreases in GSK3. It can be concluded that the mentioned receptors by modulation of CREB/BDNF and Akt/GSK3 pathways, are involved in neuroprotection of TPM against MPH-induced neurodegeneration.
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de Melo LGP, Nunes SOV, Anderson G, Vargas HO, Barbosa DS, Galecki P, Carvalho AF, Maes M. Shared metabolic and immune-inflammatory, oxidative and nitrosative stress pathways in the metabolic syndrome and mood disorders. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2017; 78:34-50. [PMID: 28438472 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
This review examines the shared immune-inflammatory, oxidative and nitrosative stress (IO&NS) and metabolic pathways underpinning metabolic syndrome (MetS), bipolar disorder (BD) and major depressive disorder (MDD). Shared pathways in both MetS and mood disorders are low grade inflammation, including increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and acute phase proteins, increased lipid peroxidation with formation of malondialdehyde and oxidized low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), hypernitrosylation, lowered levels of antioxidants, most importantly zinc and paraoxonase (PON1), increased bacterial translocation (leaky gut), increased atherogenic index of plasma and Castelli risk indices; and reduced levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL-c) cholesterol. Insulin resistance is probably not a major factor associated with mood disorders. Given the high levels of IO&NS and metabolic dysregulation in BD and MDD and the high comorbidity with the atherogenic components of the MetS, mood disorders should be viewed as systemic neuro-IO&NS-metabolic disorders. The IO&NS-metabolic biomarkers may have prognostic value and may contribute to the development of novel treatments targeting neuro-immune, neuro-oxidative and neuro-nitrosative pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Gustavo Piccoli de Melo
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Londrina State University (UEL), Health Sciences Centre, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil; Center of Approach and Treatment for Smokers, University Hospital, Londrina State University, University Campus, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil; Health Sciences Graduation Program, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Sandra Odebrecht Vargas Nunes
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Londrina State University (UEL), Health Sciences Centre, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil; Center of Approach and Treatment for Smokers, University Hospital, Londrina State University, University Campus, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil; Health Sciences Graduation Program, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Heber Odebrecht Vargas
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Londrina State University (UEL), Health Sciences Centre, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil; Center of Approach and Treatment for Smokers, University Hospital, Londrina State University, University Campus, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil; Health Sciences Graduation Program, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Décio Sabbattini Barbosa
- Health Sciences Graduation Program, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil; Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Piotr Galecki
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - André F Carvalho
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Translational Psychiatry Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Michael Maes
- Health Sciences Graduation Program, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil; Department of Psychiatry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Psychiatry, Plovdiv University, Plovdiv, Bulgaria; Revitalis, Waalre, The Netherlands; Impact Strategic Research Center, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.
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Motaghinejad M, Motevalian M, Fatima S. Mediatory role of NMDA, AMPA/kainate, GABA A and Alpha 2 receptors in topiramate neuroprotective effects against methylphenidate induced neurotoxicity in rat. Life Sci 2017; 179:37-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Vieira GDLT, Lossie AC, Lay DC, Radcliffe JS, Garner JP. Preventing, treating, and predicting barbering: A fundamental role for biomarkers of oxidative stress in a mouse model of Trichotillomania. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0175222. [PMID: 28426681 PMCID: PMC5398524 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Barbering, where a “barber” mouse plucks hair from its cagemates or itself, is both a spontaneously occurring abnormal behavior in mice and a well validated model of Trichotillomania (TTM). N-Acetylcysteine, (NAC) a cysteine derived food additive, is remarkably effective in treating TTM patients, but its mechanism of action is unknown. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), also known as free radicals, form as a natural byproduct of the normal metabolism of oxygen. Under normal circumstances, cells are able to defend themselves against ROS damage with antioxidant pathways. NAC is the precursor to the main antioxidant produced to defend the brain. Therefore, we hypothesized that barbering is a disease of oxidative stress, whereby ROS and/or a failure of antioxidant defenses leads to neuronal damage that induces barbering in susceptible animals. We tested this hypothesis in 32 female C57BL/6J mice by treating half with 1g/kg BW/day of NAC in their diet, and testing for protection against developing barbering behavior and curing of barbering behavior, and simultaneously testing for a panel of biomarkers of oxidative stress. NAC reduced the chance that mice would be barbers, and this effect did not differ between healthy (i.e. prevention) and affected animals (i.e. cure). Barbering animals had elevated urinary antioxidant capacity, indicative of oxidative stress, at all timepoints. Additionally, after treatment the risk of barbering increased with decreasing hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels, and with increasing glutathione (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) levels, further indicating that barbering mice were under oxidative stress regardless of treatment with NAC. We did not find compelling evidence that urinary total antioxidant capacity, or urinary 8-OHdG, could predict response to NAC treatment. We conclude that NAC is effective in preventing and/or curing barbering at least in part by promoting GSH synthesis, thereby preventing oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovana de L. T. Vieira
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Amy C. Lossie
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Donald C. Lay
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
- Livestock Behavior Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
| | - John S. Radcliffe
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Joseph P. Garner
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
- (By Courtesy) Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Rapado-Castro M, Dodd S, Bush AI, Malhi GS, Skvarc DR, On ZX, Berk M, Dean OM. Cognitive effects of adjunctive N-acetyl cysteine in psychosis. Psychol Med 2017; 47:866-876. [PMID: 27894373 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291716002932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive deficits are predictors of functional outcome in patients with psychosis. While conventional antipsychotics are relatively effective on positive symptoms, their impact on negative and cognitive symptoms is limited. Recent studies have established a link between oxidative stress and neurocognitive deficits in psychosis. N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a glutathione precursor with glutamatergic properties, has shown efficacy on negative symptoms and functioning in patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, respectively. However, there are few evidence-based approaches for managing cognitive impairment in psychosis. The present study aims to examine the cognitive effects of adjunctive NAC treatment in a pooled subgroup of participants with psychosis who completed neuropsychological assessment in two trials of both schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. METHOD A sample of 58 participants were randomized in a double fashion to receive 2 g/day of NAC (n = 27) or placebo (n = 31) for 24 weeks. Attention, working memory and executive function domains were assessed. Differences between cognitive performance at baseline and end point were examined using Wilcoxon's test. The Mann-Whitney test was used to examine the differences between the NAC and placebo groups at the end point. RESULTS Participants treated with NAC had significantly higher working memory performance at week 24 compared with placebo (U = 98.5, p = 0.027). CONCLUSIONS NAC may have an impact on cognitive performance in psychosis, as a significant improvement in working memory was observed in the NAC-treated group compared with placebo; however, these preliminary data require replication. Glutamatergic compounds such as NAC may constitute a step towards the development of useful therapies for cognitive impairment in psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rapado-Castro
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department,Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón,School of Medicine,Universidad Complutense,IiSGM,CIBERSAM,Madrid,Spain
| | - S Dodd
- Deakin University, IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine,Barwon Health,PO Box 291,Geelong,Victoria,Australia
| | - A I Bush
- Department of Psychiatry,University of Melbourne,Level 1 North,Main Block,Royal Melbourne Hospital,Parkville,Victoria,Australia
| | - G S Malhi
- Academic Department of Psychiatry,Kolling Institute,Northern Sydney Local Health District,St Leonards,NSW,Australia
| | - D R Skvarc
- Deakin University, IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine,Barwon Health,PO Box 291,Geelong,Victoria,Australia
| | - Z X On
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences,University of Melbourne,Level 12,Redmond Barry Building 115,Parkville,Victoria,Australia
| | - M Berk
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health,Victoria,Australia
| | - O M Dean
- Deakin University, IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine,Barwon Health,PO Box 291,Geelong,Victoria,Australia
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Foyet SH, Balmus IM, Hervé Hervé NA, Emmanuel AA, Guenne S, Kiendrebéogo M, Ciobica A. Ethnopharmacological approaches in mood and anxiety disorders. The relevance of the oxidative stress status. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 14:/j/jcim.ahead-of-print/jcim-2016-0059/jcim-2016-0059.xml. [PMID: 28284035 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2016-0059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases and psychiatric disorders are one of the most important pathologies that lead to increased morbidity in populations. Both mood and anxiety disorders include mental disorders not caused by detectable organic abnormalities of the brain. At the molecular level, affective spectrum symptomatology is due to neurotransmitter dysregulation including receptor or transporter impairments and also due to faulty intracellular signaling that generally leads to impaired neurotransmission. Also, recent studies have shown the relationship between oxidative stress and the development of affective disorders. Since classical medication can cause major side effects and alternative approaches tend to be more and more trusted, it seems that plant extracts-based complementary therapies may offer superior yielding and safety compared to traditional medication.
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Endres D, Tebartz van Elst L, Meyer SA, Feige B, Nickel K, Bubl A, Riedel A, Ebert D, Lange T, Glauche V, Biscaldi M, Philipsen A, Maier SJ, Perlov E. Glutathione metabolism in the prefrontal brain of adults with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder: an MRS study. Mol Autism 2017; 8:10. [PMID: 28316774 PMCID: PMC5351053 DOI: 10.1186/s13229-017-0122-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disease characterized by difficulties in social communication, unusually restricted, repetitive behavior and interests, and specific abnormalities in language and perception. The precise etiology of ASD is still unknown and probably heterogeneous. In a subgroup of patients, toxic environmental exposure might lead to an imbalance between oxidative stress and anti-oxidant systems. Previous serum and postmortem studies measuring levels of glutathione (GSH), the main cellular free radical scavenger in the brain, have supported the hypothesis that this compound might play a role in the pathophysiology of autism. Methods Using the method of single-voxel proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), we analyzed the GSH signal in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) of 24 ASD patients with normal or above average IQs and 18 matched control subjects. We hypothesized that we would find decreased GSH concentrations in both regions. Results We did not find overall group differences in neurometabolites including GSH, neither in the dorsal ACC (Wilks’ lambda test; p = 0.429) nor in the DLPFC (p = 0.288). In the dACC, we found a trend for decreased GSH signals in ASD patients (p = 0.076). Conclusions We were unable to confirm our working hypothesis regarding decreased GSH concentrations in the ASD group. Further studies combining MRS, serum, and cerebrospinal fluid measurements of GSH metabolism including other regions of interest or even whole brain spectroscopy are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Endres
- Section for Experimental Neuropsychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hauptstr. 5, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ludger Tebartz van Elst
- Section for Experimental Neuropsychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hauptstr. 5, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Simon A Meyer
- Section for Experimental Neuropsychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hauptstr. 5, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bernd Feige
- Section for Experimental Neuropsychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hauptstr. 5, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kathrin Nickel
- Section for Experimental Neuropsychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hauptstr. 5, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Anna Bubl
- Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Saarland University Medical Center, Kirrberger Str. 100, 66421 Homburg, Saar Germany
| | - Andreas Riedel
- Section for Experimental Neuropsychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hauptstr. 5, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dieter Ebert
- Section for Experimental Neuropsychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hauptstr. 5, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Lange
- Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Breisacher Str. 60a, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Volkmar Glauche
- Department of Neurology, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Breisacher Str. 64, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Monica Biscaldi
- Department for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hauptstr. 8, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alexandra Philipsen
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Psychiatry and Psychotherapy - University Hospital, Karl-Jaspers-Klinik, Medical Campus University of Oldenburg, Hermann-Ehlers-Str. 7, 26160 Bad Zwischenahn, Germany
| | - Simon J Maier
- Section for Experimental Neuropsychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hauptstr. 5, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Evgeniy Perlov
- Section for Experimental Neuropsychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hauptstr. 5, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.,Clinic for Psychiatry Luzern, Schafmattstrasse 1, 4915 St. Urban, Switzerland
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Dean OM, Gray KM, Villagonzalo KA, Dodd S, Mohebbi M, Vick T, Tonge BJ, Berk M. A randomised, double blind, placebo-controlled trial of a fixed dose of N-acetyl cysteine in children with autistic disorder. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2017; 51:241-249. [PMID: 27316706 DOI: 10.1177/0004867416652735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Oxidative stress, inflammation and heavy metals have been implicated in the aetiology of autistic disorder. N-acetyl cysteine has been shown to modulate these pathways, providing a rationale to trial N-acetyl cysteine for autistic disorder. There are now two published pilot studies suggesting efficacy, particularly in symptoms of irritability. This study aimed to explore if N-acetyl cysteine is a useful treatment for autistic disorder. METHOD This was a placebo-controlled, randomised clinical trial of 500 mg/day oral N-acetyl cysteine over 6 months, in addition to treatment as usual, in children with a Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision diagnosis of autistic disorder. The study was conducted in Victoria, Australia. The primary outcome measures were the Social Responsiveness Scale, Children's Communication Checklist-Second Edition and the Repetitive Behavior Scale-Revised. Additionally, demographic data, the parent-completed Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales, Social Communication Questionnaire and clinician-administered Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule were completed. RESULTS A total of 102 children were randomised into the study, and 98 (79 male, 19 female; age range: 3.1-9.9 years) attended the baseline appointment with their parent/guardian, forming the Intention to Treat sample. There were no differences between N-acetyl cysteine and placebo-treated groups on any of the outcome measures for either primary or secondary endpoints. There was no significant difference in the number and severity of adverse events between groups. CONCLUSION This study failed to demonstrate any benefit of adjunctive N-acetyl cysteine in treating autistic disorder. While this may reflect a true null result, methodological issues particularly the lower dose utilised in this study may be confounders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia M Dean
- 1 IMPACT Strategic Research Centre (Barwon Health), Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia.,2 Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,3 The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Kylie M Gray
- 4 Centre for Developmental Psychiatry and Psychology, Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash Medical Centre, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Seetal Dodd
- 1 IMPACT Strategic Research Centre (Barwon Health), Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia.,2 Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Mohammadreza Mohebbi
- 5 Biostatistics Unit, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC, Australia
| | - Tanya Vick
- 1 IMPACT Strategic Research Centre (Barwon Health), Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Bruce J Tonge
- 4 Centre for Developmental Psychiatry and Psychology, Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash Medical Centre, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael Berk
- 1 IMPACT Strategic Research Centre (Barwon Health), Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia.,2 Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,3 The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,6 Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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Ercan AC, Bahceci B, Polat S, Cenker OC, Bahceci I, Koroglu A, Sahin K, Hocaoglu C. Oxidative status and prolidase activities in generalized anxiety disorder. Asian J Psychiatr 2017; 25:118-122. [PMID: 28262130 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2016.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 09/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Prolidase (Pro), an intracellular enzyme necessary for collagen turnover, matrix remodelling and cell growth has been shown to be related to Oxidative Stress (OS). To our knowledge, serum Pro activity in generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) has not been documented yet. In this study, we aimed to evaluate OS and its relation with Pro activity in patients diagnosed with GAD. METHOD Thirty untreated GAD patients and 30 healthy controls were included in the study. Blood samples were collected from all subjects to quantify total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS) and Pro activity. Oxidative stress index (OSI), the ratio of TOS to TAS, is calculated to evaluate the balance between antioxidants and oxidants. Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS) was used to determine the anxiety levels of all subjects. RESULTS GAD group demonstrated statistically significantly higher TOS, OSI and Pro levels, when compared with the control group (t=2.947, p=0.005; t=2.874, p=0.006; and t=9.396, p<0.001 respectively). HARS scores were found to be positively correlated with TOS, OSI and Pro levels (p=0.008, r=0.338; p=0.008, r=0.339; and p<0.001, r=0.751 respectively). CONCLUSION The degree of severity of OS is correlated with the levels of Pro. Thus, Pro might be the target enzyme, promising to be a marker for the follow-up of GAD patients. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to report a significant relation between Pro activity and GAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Cenk Ercan
- Department of Psychiatry, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University Faculty of Medicine, Rize Research and Training Hospital. Rize Egitim ve Arastirma Hastanesi Psikiyatri Poliklinigi 53020 Rize, Turkey.
| | - Bulent Bahceci
- Department of Psychiatry, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University Faculty of Medicine, Rize Research and Training Hospital. Rize Egitim ve Arastirma Hastanesi Psikiyatri Poliklinigi 53020 Rize, Turkey.
| | - Selim Polat
- Department of Psychiatry, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University Faculty of Medicine, Rize Research and Training Hospital. Rize Egitim ve Arastirma Hastanesi Psikiyatri Poliklinigi 53020 Rize, Turkey.
| | - Ozgur Cagla Cenker
- Department of Psychiatry, Rize Kackar State Hospital. Kackar Devlet Hastanesi Psikiyatri Poliklinigi 53340 Pazar Rize, Turkey.
| | - Ilkay Bahceci
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University Faculty of Medicine, Rize Research and Training Hospital. Rize Egitim ve Arastirma Hastanesi Medikal Mikrobiyoloji Laboratuvarı 53020 Rize, Turkey.
| | - Ayse Koroglu
- Department of Psychiatry, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University Faculty of Medicine, Rize Research and Training Hospital. Rize Egitim ve Arastirma Hastanesi Psikiyatri Poliklinigi 53020 Rize, Turkey.
| | - Kazim Sahin
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University Faculty of Medicine, Rize Research and Training Hospital. Rize Egitim ve Arastirma Hastanesi Medikal Mikrobiyoloji Laboratuvarı 53020 Rize, Turkey.
| | - Cicek Hocaoglu
- Department of Psychiatry, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University Faculty of Medicine, Rize Research and Training Hospital. Rize Egitim ve Arastirma Hastanesi Psikiyatri Poliklinigi 53020 Rize, Turkey.
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Minarini A, Ferrari S, Galletti M, Giambalvo N, Perrone D, Rioli G, Galeazzi GM. N-acetylcysteine in the treatment of psychiatric disorders: current status and future prospects. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2016; 13:279-292. [PMID: 27766914 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2017.1251580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is widely known for its role as a mucolytic and as an antidote to paracetamol overdose. There is increasing interest in the use of NAC in the treatment of several psychiatric disorders. The rationale for the administration of NAC in psychiatric conditions is based on its role as a precursor to the antioxidant glutathione, and its action as a modulating agent of glutamatergic, dopaminergic, neurotropic and inflammatory pathways. Areas covered: This study reviews the available data regarding the use of NAC in different psychiatric disorders including substance use disorders, autism, obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorders, schizophrenia, depression, bipolar disorder. Promising results were found in trials testing the use of NAC, mainly as an add-on treatment, in cannabis use disorder in young people, depression in bipolar disorder, negative symptoms in schizophrenia, and excoriation (skin-picking) disorder. Despite initial optimism, recent findings regarding NAC efficacy in autism have been disappointing. Expert opinion: These preliminary positive results require further confirmation in larger samples and with longer follow-ups. Given its high tolerability and wide availability, NAC represents an important target to investigate in the field of new adjunctive treatments for psychiatric conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Minarini
- a Department of Diagnostic-Clinical Medicine and Public Health , University of Modena and Reggio Emilia , Modena , Italy
| | - Silvia Ferrari
- a Department of Diagnostic-Clinical Medicine and Public Health , University of Modena and Reggio Emilia , Modena , Italy
| | - Martina Galletti
- a Department of Diagnostic-Clinical Medicine and Public Health , University of Modena and Reggio Emilia , Modena , Italy
| | - Nina Giambalvo
- a Department of Diagnostic-Clinical Medicine and Public Health , University of Modena and Reggio Emilia , Modena , Italy
| | - Daniela Perrone
- a Department of Diagnostic-Clinical Medicine and Public Health , University of Modena and Reggio Emilia , Modena , Italy
| | - Giulia Rioli
- a Department of Diagnostic-Clinical Medicine and Public Health , University of Modena and Reggio Emilia , Modena , Italy
| | - Gian Maria Galeazzi
- a Department of Diagnostic-Clinical Medicine and Public Health , University of Modena and Reggio Emilia , Modena , Italy
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Buchanan DM, Arnold SV, Gosch KL, Jones PG, Longmore LS, Spertus JA, Cresci S. Association of Smoking Status With Angina and Health-Related Quality of Life After Acute Myocardial Infarction. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes 2016; 8:493-500. [PMID: 26307130 DOI: 10.1161/circoutcomes.114.001545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smoking cessation after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) decreases the risk of recurrent AMI and mortality by 30% to 50%, but many patients continue to smoke. The association of smoking with angina and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) after AMI is unclear. METHODS AND RESULTS Patients in 2 US multicenter AMI registries (n=4003) were assessed for smoking and HRQOL at admission and 1, 6, and 12 months after AMI. Angina and HRQOL were measured with the Seattle Angina Questionnaire and Short Form-12 Physical and Mental Component Scales. At admission, 29% never had smoked, 34% were former smokers (quit before AMI), and 37% were active smokers, of whom 46% quit by 1 year (recent quitters). In hierarchical, multivariable, regression models that adjusted for sociodemographic, clinical and treatment factors, never and former smokers had similar and the best HRQOL in all domains. Recent quitters had intermediate HRQOL levels, with angina and Short Form-12 Mental Component Scale scores similar to never smokers. Persistent smokers had worse HRQOL in all domains compared with never smokers and worse Short Form-12 Mental Component Scale scores than recent quitters. CONCLUSIONS Smoking after AMI is associated with more angina and worse HRQOL in all domains, whereas smokers who quit after AMI have similar angina levels and mental health as never smokers. These observations may help encourage patients to stop smoking after AMI.
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Stutzman D, Dopheide J. Acetylcysteine for treatment of autism spectrum disorder symptoms. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2016; 72:1956-9. [PMID: 26541950 DOI: 10.2146/ajhp150072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Successful use of acetylcysteine to control irritability and aggressive behaviors in a hospitalized adolescent patient with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is described. SUMMARY A 17-year-old Hispanic male with ASD and intellectual disability was hospitalized for inpatient psychiatric treatment due to impulsive and violent behavior. Despite receiving various medications in the initial weeks of hospitalization, including intramuscular lorazepam and diphenhydramine injections (four days a week on average), the patient continued to exhibit aggressive and unpredictable behaviors. Treatment with 20% acetylcysteine oral solution was initiated at a dosage of 600 mg twice daily as an adjunct to quetiapine therapy. Over the next six weeks, reductions in the patient's aggressive behavior, tantrums, and irritability were noted. The use of as-needed medications to control aggression was decreased, and the dosage of quetiapine was lowered from 700 to 400 mg daily over the course of the hospitalization. Acetylcysteine was well tolerated, with no observed or reported adverse effects. Unlike clonidine or guanfacine (other medications used for ASD-related behavioral symptoms), acetylcysteine is not sedating; moreover, it lacks the metabolic, extrapyramidal, and endocrine adverse effects of atypical antipsychotics. Published data from small controlled trials and case reports suggest that acetylcysteine use is associated with improvements in irritability and aggression in prepubertal children with ASD; these therapeutic benefits may be associated with acetylcysteine's glutamatergic, dopaminergic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. CONCLUSION Treatment with acetylcysteine improved ASD symptoms, including irritability and aggression, in a teenage patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Stutzman
- Danielle Stutzman, Pharm.D., is Postgraduate Year 2 Psychiatric Pharmacy Resident, University of Southern California (USC) School of Pharmacy, Los Angeles. Julie Dopheide, Pharm.D., BCPP, is Professor of Clinical Pharmacy, Psychiatry and the Behavioral Sciences, USC School of Pharmacy and Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles
| | - Julie Dopheide
- Danielle Stutzman, Pharm.D., is Postgraduate Year 2 Psychiatric Pharmacy Resident, University of Southern California (USC) School of Pharmacy, Los Angeles. Julie Dopheide, Pharm.D., BCPP, is Professor of Clinical Pharmacy, Psychiatry and the Behavioral Sciences, USC School of Pharmacy and Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles.
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Glucocorticoids alter neuronal differentiation of human neuroepithelial-like cells by inducing long-lasting changes in the reactive oxygen species balance. Neuropharmacology 2016; 107:422-431. [PMID: 26992751 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Revised: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Prenatal exposure to excess glucocorticoid has been shown to have adverse effects on the developing nervous system that may lead to alterations of fetal and adult neurogenesis, resulting in behavioral changes. In addition, an imbalance of the redox state, with an increased susceptibility to oxidative stress, has been observed in rodent neural stem cells exposed to the synthetic glucocorticoid analog dexamethasone (Dex). In the present study, we used the induced pluripotent stem cells (IPSC)-derived lt-NES AF22 cell line, representative of the neuroepithelial stage in central nervous system development, to investigate the heritable effects of Dex on reactive oxygen species (ROS) balance and its impact on neuronal differentiation. By analysing gene expression in daughter cells that were never directly exposed to Dex, we could observe a downregulation of four key antioxidant enzymes, namely Catalase, superoxide dismutase 1, superoxide dismutase 2 and glutathione peroxidase7, along with an increased intracellular ROS concentration. The imbalance in the intracellular REDOX state was associated to a significant downregulation of major neuronal markers and a concomitant increase of glial cells. Interestingly, upon treatment with the antioxidant N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC), the misexpression of both neuronal and glial markers analyzed was recovered. These novel findings point to the increased ROS concentration playing a direct role in the heritable alterations of the differentiation potential induced by Dex exposure. Moreover, the data support the hypothesis that early insults may have detrimental long-lasting consequences on neurogenesis. Based on the positive effects exerted by NAC, it is conceivable that therapeutic strategies including antioxidants may be effective in the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders that have been associated to increased ROS and impaired neurogenesis.
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Paydary K, Akamaloo A, Ahmadipour A, Pishgar F, Emamzadehfard S, Akhondzadeh S. N-acetylcysteine augmentation therapy for moderate-to-severe obsessive-compulsive disorder: randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Clin Pharm Ther 2016; 41:214-9. [PMID: 26931055 DOI: 10.1111/jcpt.12370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE N-acetylcysteine (NAC) has been proposed as a potential therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) as it may regulate the exchange of glutamate and prevent its pre-oxidant effects. The aim of the present double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was to assess the efficacy and tolerability of NAC augmentation in moderate-to-severe (OCD) treatment. METHODS In this randomized, double-blind, two-centre, placebo-controlled, 10-week trial, patients with moderate-to-severe OCD were enrolled. Patients were randomized into two parallel groups to receive fluvoxamine (200 mg daily) plus placebo or fluvoxamine (200 mg daily) plus NAC (2000 mg daily). A total of 44 patients (22 in each group) were visited to evaluate response to therapy using the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) at baseline, and at weeks 4, 8 and 10. Side effects were recorded using predesigned checklists upon each visit. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Repeated-measures ANOVA showed a significant effect for time × treatment interaction (Greenhouse-Geisser corrected: F = 5·14, d.f. = 1·64, P = 0·012) in the Y-BOCS total score and a significant effect for time × treatment interaction (Greenhouse-Geisser corrected: F = 5·44, d.f. = 1·54, P = 0·011) in the Y-BOCS obsession subscale between the two groups. WHAT IS NEW AND CONCLUSION Our results showed that NAC might be effective as an augmentative agent in the treatment of moderate-to-severe OCD. TRIAL REGISTRATION Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (www.irct.ir): IRCT201405271556N60.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Paydary
- Psychiatric Research Center, Roozbeh Psychiatric Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - A Akamaloo
- Psychiatric Research Center, Roozbeh Psychiatric Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - A Ahmadipour
- Psychiatric Research Center, Roozbeh Psychiatric Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - F Pishgar
- Psychiatric Research Center, Roozbeh Psychiatric Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - S Emamzadehfard
- Psychiatric Research Center, Roozbeh Psychiatric Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - S Akhondzadeh
- Psychiatric Research Center, Roozbeh Psychiatric Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Masaki C, Sharpley AL, Godlewska BR, Berrington A, Hashimoto T, Singh N, Vasudevan SR, Emir UE, Churchill GC, Cowen PJ. Effects of the potential lithium-mimetic, ebselen, on brain neurochemistry: a magnetic resonance spectroscopy study at 7 tesla. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2016; 233:1097-104. [PMID: 26758281 PMCID: PMC4759215 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-015-4189-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Lithium is an effective treatment for bipolar disorder, but safety issues complicate its clinical use. The antioxidant drug, ebselen, may be a possible lithium-mimetic based on its ability to inhibit inositol monophosphatase (IMPase), an action which it shares with lithium. OBJECTIVES Our primary aim was to determine whether ebselen lowered levels of inositol in the human brain. We also assessed the effect of ebselen on other brain neurometabolites, including glutathione, glutamate, glutamine, and glutamate + glutamine (Glx) METHODS Twenty healthy volunteers were tested on two occasions receiving either ebselen (3600 mg over 24 h) or identical placebo in a double-blind, random-order, crossover design. Two hours after the final dose of ebselen/placebo, participants underwent proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H MRS) at 7 tesla (T) with voxels placed in the anterior cingulate and occipital cortex. Neurometabolite levels were calculated using an unsuppressed water signal as a reference and corrected for individual cerebrospinal fluid content in the voxel. RESULTS Ebselen produced no effect on neurometabolite levels in the occipital cortex. In the anterior cingulate cortex, ebselen lowered concentrations of inositol (p = 0.028, Cohen's d = 0.60) as well as those of glutathione (p = 0.033, d = 0.58), glutamine (p = 0.024, d = 0.62), glutamate (p = 0.01, d = 0.73), and Glx (p = 0.001, d = 1.0). CONCLUSIONS The study suggests that ebselen produces a functional inhibition of IMPase in the human brain. The effect of ebselen to lower glutamate is consistent with its reported ability to inhibit the enzyme, glutaminase. Ebselen may have potential as a repurposed treatment for bipolar disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Masaki
- Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7JX, UK
| | - Ann L Sharpley
- Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7JX, UK
| | - Beata R Godlewska
- Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7JX, UK
| | - Adam Berrington
- The Oxford Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Tasuku Hashimoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7JX, UK
| | - Nisha Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3QT, UK
- Current Address: Centre for Neuroimaging Studies, PO 089, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Sridhar R Vasudevan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3QT, UK
| | - Uzay E Emir
- The Oxford Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Grant C Churchill
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3QT, UK
| | - Philip J Cowen
- Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7JX, UK.
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Baek SE, Lee GJ, Rhee CK, Rho DY, Kim DH, Huh S, Lee SK. Decreased Total Antioxidant Activity in Major Depressive Disorder Patients Non-Responsive to Antidepressant Treatment. Psychiatry Investig 2016; 13:222-6. [PMID: 27081384 PMCID: PMC4823199 DOI: 10.4306/pi.2016.13.2.222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Revised: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the total antioxidant activity (TAA) in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and the effect of antidepressants on TAA using a novel potentiometric method. METHODS Twenty-eight patients with MDD and thirty-one healthy controls were enrolled in this study. The control group comprised 31 healthy individuals matched for gender, drinking and smoking status. We assessed symptoms of depression using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). We measured TAA using potentiometry. All measurements were made at baseline and four and eight weeks later. RESULTS There was a significant negative correlation between BDI scores and TAA. TAA was significantly lower in the MDD group than in controls. When the MDD group was subdivided into those who showed clinical response to antidepressant therapy (response group) and those who did not (non-response group), only the non-response group showed lower TAA, while the response group showed no significant difference to controls at baseline. After eight weeks of antidepressant treatment, TAA in both the response and non-response groups was similar, and there was no significant difference among the three groups. CONCLUSION These results suggest that the response to antidepressant treatment in MDD patients might be predicted by measuring TAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song-Eun Baek
- Department of Psychiatry, Hallym University Chuncheon Sacred Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyoung-Ja Lee
- Nuclear Materials Development Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Kyu Rhee
- Nuclear Materials Development Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Young Rho
- Department of Psychiatry, Hallym University Chuncheon Sacred Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Hoon Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Hallym University Chuncheon Sacred Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Huh
- Department of Parasitology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Kyu Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Hallym University Chuncheon Sacred Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
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What Future Role Might N-Acetyl-Cysteine Have in the Treatment of Obsessive Compulsive and Grooming Disorders?: A Systematic Review. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2016; 36:57-62. [PMID: 26629962 DOI: 10.1097/jcp.0000000000000431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Licensed pharmacological treatments for obsessive-compulsive disorders include selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and tricyclic antidepressants. However, a large proportion of patients show minimal or no therapeutic response to these treatments. The glutamatergic system has been implicated in the etiology of obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorders, and it has been postulated that n-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) could have a therapeutic effect on these conditions through its actions on the glutamatergic system and the reduction of oxidative stress. A systematic review was conducted on the existing methodologically robust literature regarding the efficacy of NAC on obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorders in adults and children. Four randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled studies were identified, investigating the effects of NAC on obsessive-compulsive disorder, trichotillomania, and onychophagia. Results remain inconclusive, but NAC may still be useful as a treatment for obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorders on an individual level, particularly as the compound has a relatively benign side-effect profile. The dearth of methodologically robust work is clinically important: larger randomized controlled trials are required to inform of any meaningful clinical effectiveness, and to better determine which, if any, clinical populations might most benefit.
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Solmi M, Veronese N, Manzato E, Sergi G, Favaro A, Santonastaso P, Correll CU. Oxidative stress and antioxidant levels in patients with anorexia nervosa: A systematic review and exploratory meta-analysis. Int J Eat Disord 2015; 48:826-41. [PMID: 26311090 DOI: 10.1002/eat.22443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To systematically review and meta-analyze oxidative stress and antioxidant markers in anorexia nervosa (AN). METHODS Electronic PubMed search from database inception until 12/31/2013. Out of 1062 hits, 29 studies comparing oxidative stress/antioxidant markers between patients with AN and healthy controls (HCs) with a total of 1,729 participants (AN = 895, HCs = 834) were eligible. Data about oxidative stress and antioxidant markers, independent of their source, were extracted. We calculated random effects standardized mean differences (SMDs) as effect size measures for outcomes reported in ≥5 studies; others were summarized descriptively. RESULTS Compared to HCs, AN patients showed significantly higher apolipoprotein B (ApoB) levels (studies = 7; n = 551; SMD = 0.75; p = .0003, I(2) = 74%), with higher age being associated with higher ApoB (Coefficient: 0.61 ± 0.15, p < .0001), whereas BMI (p = .15) and measurement method (p = .70) did not moderate the results. Serum albumin levels were similar between AN and HCs (studies = 13; n = 509; SMD =-0.19; 95%CI: -0.62 to 0.24; p = .38; I(2) = 81%), with neither age (p = .84) nor BMI (p = .52) being significant moderators. Lower superoxide dismutase levels were reported in 2 studies, while findings for vitamin A and its metabolites were inconclusive. In single studies, patients with AN had significantly higher catalase and nitric oxide (NO) parameter levels (platelet NO, exhaled NO and nitrites), such as lower glutathione and free cysteine levels, compared to HCs. DISCUSSION AN appears to be associated with some markers of increased oxidative stress. Additional research is needed to discern whether oxidative stress is a potential cause or effect of AN, and whether treatments improving oxidative stress could be useful in AN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Solmi
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, via Giustiniani, Padova, Italy
| | - Nicola Veronese
- Department of Medicine- DIMED, University of Padova, Geriatrics Section, via Giustiniani, Padova, Italy
| | - Enzo Manzato
- Department of Medicine- DIMED, University of Padova, Geriatrics Section, via Giustiniani, Padova, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Sergi
- Department of Medicine- DIMED, University of Padova, Geriatrics Section, via Giustiniani, Padova, Italy
| | - Angela Favaro
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, via Giustiniani, Padova, Italy
| | - Paolo Santonastaso
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, via Giustiniani, Padova, Italy
| | - Christoph U Correll
- Department of Psychiatry, the Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, New York.,Hofstra North Shore LIJ School of Medicine, Hempstead, New York.,The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York.,Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
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Pasco JA, Williams LJ, Jacka FN, Stupka N, Brennan-Olsen SL, Holloway KL, Berk M. Sarcopenia and the Common Mental Disorders: a Potential Regulatory Role of Skeletal Muscle on Brain Function? Curr Osteoporos Rep 2015; 13:351-7. [PMID: 26228522 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-015-0279-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
While it is understood that body composition impacts on physical conditions, such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease, it is only now apparent that body composition might play a role in the genesis of common mental disorders, depression and anxiety. Sarcopenia occurs in ageing and comprises a progressive decline in muscle mass, strength and function, leading to frailty, decreased independence and poorer quality of life. This review presents an emerging body of evidence to support the hypothesis that shared pathophysiological pathways for sarcopenia and the common mental disorders constitute links between skeletal muscle and brain function. Contracting skeletal muscle secretes neurotrophic factors that are known to play a role in mood and anxiety, and have the dual role of nourishing neuronal growth and differentiation, while protecting the size and number of motor units in skeletal muscle. Furthermore, skeletal muscle activity has important immune and redox effects that impact behaviour and reduce muscle catabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie A Pasco
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, 3220, Australia,
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Smesny S, Milleit B, Schaefer MR, Hipler UC, Milleit C, Wiegand C, Hesse J, Klier CM, Holub M, Holzer I, Berk M, McGorry PD, Sauer H, Amminger GP. Effects of omega-3 PUFA on the vitamin E and glutathione antioxidant defense system in individuals at ultra-high risk of psychosis. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2015; 101:15-21. [PMID: 26260538 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2015.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2015] [Revised: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress and impaired antioxidant defenses are reported in schizophrenia and are associated with disturbed neurodevelopment, brain structural alterations, glutamatergic imbalance, increased negative symptoms, and cognitive impairment. There is evidence that oxidative stress predates the onset of acute psychotic illness. Here, we investigate the effects of omega-3 PUFA on the vitamin E and glutathione antioxidant defense system (AODS). METHOD In 64 help-seeking UHR-individuals (13-25 years of age), vitamin E levels and glutathione were investigated before and after 12 weeks of treatment with either 1.2g/d omega-3 (PUFA-E) or saturated fatty acids (SFA-E), with each condition also containing 30.4mg/d alpha-tocopherol to ensure absorption without additional oxidative risk. RESULTS In multivariate tests, the effects on the AODS (alpha-tocopherol, total glutathione) were not significantly different (p=0.13, p=0.11, respectively) between treatment conditions. According to univariate findings, only PUFA-E caused a significant alpha-tocopherol increase, while PUFA-E and SFA-E caused a significant gamma- and delta-tocopherol decrease. Total glutathione (GSHt) was decreased by PUFA-E supplementation. CONCLUSION Effects of the PUFA-E condition on the vitamin E and glutathione AODS could be mechanisms underlying its clinical effectiveness. In terms of the vitamin E protection system, PUFA-E seems to directly support the antioxidative defense at membrane level. The effect of PUFA-E on GSHt is not yet fully understood, but could reflect antioxidative effects, resulting in decreased demand for glutathione. It is still necessary to further clarify which type of PUFA/antioxidant combination, and in which dose, is effective at each stage of psychotic illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Smesny
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Jena, Philosophenweg 3, D-07743 Jena, Germany.
| | - Berko Milleit
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Jena, Philosophenweg 3, D-07743 Jena, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Thueringen-Kliniken GmbH, Rainweg 68, 07318 Saalfeld/Saale, Germany
| | - Miriam R Schaefer
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University Vienna, Währingergürtel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria; Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health and Orygen Youth Health Research Centre, The University of Melbourne, Locked Bag 10, 35 Poplar Road Parkville, Melbourne 3052, Victoria, Australia
| | - Uta-Christina Hipler
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Jena, Erfurter Straße 35, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Christine Milleit
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Jena, Philosophenweg 3, D-07743 Jena, Germany; Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Jena, Erfurter Straße 35, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Cornelia Wiegand
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Jena, Erfurter Straße 35, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Jana Hesse
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Jena, Erfurter Straße 35, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Claudia M Klier
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University Vienna, Währingergürtel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Magdalena Holub
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ingrid Holzer
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Berk
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health and Orygen Youth Health Research Centre, The University of Melbourne, Locked Bag 10, 35 Poplar Road Parkville, Melbourne 3052, Victoria, Australia; IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, Deakin University of Melbourne, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Royal Parade, Parkville, Melbourne 3052, Victoria, Australia
| | - Patrick D McGorry
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health and Orygen Youth Health Research Centre, The University of Melbourne, Locked Bag 10, 35 Poplar Road Parkville, Melbourne 3052, Victoria, Australia
| | - Heinrich Sauer
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Jena, Philosophenweg 3, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - G Paul Amminger
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University Vienna, Währingergürtel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria; Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health and Orygen Youth Health Research Centre, The University of Melbourne, Locked Bag 10, 35 Poplar Road Parkville, Melbourne 3052, Victoria, Australia
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Berridge MJ. Vitamin D cell signalling in health and disease. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 460:53-71. [PMID: 25998734 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency has been linked to many human diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), multiple sclerosis (MS), hypertension and cardiovascular disease. A Vitamin D phenotypic stability hypothesis, which is developed in this review, attempts to describe how this vital hormone acts to maintain healthy cellular functions. This role of Vitamin D as a guardian of phenotypic stability seems to depend on its ability to maintain the redox and Ca(2+) signalling systems. It is argued that its primary action is to maintain the expression of those signalling components responsible for stabilizing the low resting state of these two signalling pathways. This phenotypic stability role is facilitated through the ability of vitamin D to increase the expression of both Nrf2 and the anti-ageing protein Klotho, which are also major regulators of Ca(2+) and redox signalling. A decline in Vitamin D levels will lead to a decline in the stability of this regulatory signalling network and may account for why so many of the major diseases in man, which have been linked to vitamin D deficiency, are associated with a dysregulation in both ROS and Ca(2+) signalling.
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Chitty KM, Lagopoulos J, Hickie IB, Hermens DF. Alcohol use in bipolar disorder: A neurobiological model to help predict susceptibility, select treatments and attenuate cortical insult. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2015; 56:193-206. [PMID: 26192106 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Revised: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In a series of neurophysiological and neuroimaging studies we investigated the neurobiology related to alcohol use in young people with bipolar disorder. Impairments were identified across frontal and temporal representations of event-related potential and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy markers; mismatch negativity and in vivo glutathione, respectively. We propose these findings reflect impairments in the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor and antioxidant capacity. This review seeks to place these findings within the broader literature in the context of two propositions: 1. Pathophysiological impairments in N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor functioning in bipolar disorder contribute to susceptibility toward developing alcohol problems. 2. Alcohol aggravates bipolar disorder neuroprogression via oxidative stress. A neurobiological model that incorporates these propositions is presented, with a focus on the potential for N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonism and glutathione augmentation as potential adjunctive pharmacotherapies to treat the comorbidity. While this review highlights the importance of alcohol monitoring and reduction strategies in the treatment of bipolar disorder, the clinical impact of the proposed model remains limited by the lack of controlled trials of novel pharmacological interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate M Chitty
- Clinical Research Unit, Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Sydney, 94 Mallett Street, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia.
| | - Jim Lagopoulos
- Clinical Research Unit, Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Sydney, 94 Mallett Street, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia.
| | - Ian B Hickie
- Clinical Research Unit, Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Sydney, 94 Mallett Street, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia.
| | - Daniel F Hermens
- Clinical Research Unit, Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Sydney, 94 Mallett Street, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia.
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Lener MS, Iosifescu DV. In pursuit of neuroimaging biomarkers to guide treatment selection in major depressive disorder: a review of the literature. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2015; 1344:50-65. [DOI: 10.1111/nyas.12759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marc S. Lener
- Department of Psychiatry; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; New York New York
| | - Dan V. Iosifescu
- Department of Psychiatry; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; New York New York
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Rapado-Castro M, Berk M, Venugopal K, Bush AI, Dodd S, Dean OM. Towards stage specific treatments: effects of duration of illness on therapeutic response to adjunctive treatment with N-acetyl cysteine in schizophrenia. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2015; 57:69-75. [PMID: 25315856 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2014.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Revised: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a chronic and often debilitating disorder in which stage of illness appears to influence course, outcome, prognosis and treatment response. Current evidence suggests roles for oxidative, neuroinflammatory, neurotrophic, apoptotic, mitochondrial and glutamatergic systems in the disorder; all targets of N-acetyl cysteine (NAC). A double blind, placebo controlled trial suggested NAC to be beneficial to those diagnosed with schizophrenia. The current manuscript aims to investigate duration of the illness as a key factor that may be modulating the response to NAC in the participants who took part in the study. A sample of 121 participants were randomised in a double fashion to 24 weeks (placebo=62; NAC=59). Clinical and functional variables were collected over the treatment period. Duration of the illness at baseline was grouped into <10 years, 10-<20 years and >20 years. Mixed Model Repeated Measures Analysis was used to explore the effect of illness duration on response to treatment with NAC. A significant interaction between duration of the illness and response to treatment with NAC was consistently found for positive symptoms and functional variables, but not for negative or general symptoms or for side effect related outcomes. The pattern of changes suggests that this mediator effect of duration of illness in response to treatment is more evident in those participants with 20 years or more of illness duration. Our results suggest a potential advantage of adjunctive NAC over placebo on functioning and positive symptoms reduction in those patients with chronic schizophrenia. This has potential for suggesting stage specific treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Rapado-Castro
- Orygen Youth Health Research Centre, Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, 161 Barry Street, Carlton South, Victoria 3053, Australia; Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, IiSGM, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Michael Berk
- Orygen Youth Health Research Centre, Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, 161 Barry Street, Carlton South, Victoria 3053, Australia; IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, Deakin University, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, P.O. Box 291, Geelong 3220, Australia; Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Kenneth Myer Building, 30 Royal Parade, 3052 Parkville, Australia.
| | - Kamalesh Venugopal
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, Deakin University, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, P.O. Box 291, Geelong 3220, Australia
| | - Ashley I Bush
- University of Melbourne, Department of Psychiatry, Level 1 North, Main Block, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville 3052, Australia
| | - Seetal Dodd
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, Deakin University, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, P.O. Box 291, Geelong 3220, Australia
| | - Olivia M Dean
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, Deakin University, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, P.O. Box 291, Geelong 3220, Australia; Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Kenneth Myer Building, 30 Royal Parade, 3052 Parkville, Australia
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Prado E, Maes M, Piccoli LG, Baracat M, Barbosa DS, Franco O, Dodd S, Berk M, Vargas Nunes SO. N-acetylcysteine for therapy-resistant tobacco use disorder: a pilot study. Redox Rep 2015; 20:215-22. [PMID: 25729878 DOI: 10.1179/1351000215y.0000000004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) may have efficacy in treating tobacco use disorder (TUD) by reducing craving and smoking reward. This study examines whether treatment with NAC may have a clinical efficacy in the treatment of TUD. METHODS A 12-week double blind randomized controlled trial was conducted to compare the clinical efficacy of NAC 3 g/day versus placebo. We recruited 34 outpatients with therapy resistant TUD concurrently treated with smoking-focused group behavioral therapy. Participants had assessments of daily cigarette use (primary outcome), exhaled carbon monoxide (CO(EXH)) (secondary outcome), and quit rates as defined by CO(EXH) < 6 ppm. Depression was measured with the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS). Data were analyzed using conventional and modified intention-to-treat endpoint analyses. RESULTS NAC treatment significantly reduced the daily number of cigarettes used (Δ mean ± SD = -10.9 ± 7.9 in the NAC-treated versus -3.2 ± 6.1 in the placebo group) and CO(EXH) (Δ mean ± SD = -10.4 ± 8.6 ppm in the NAC-treated versus -1.5 ± 4.5 ppm in the placebo group); 47.1% of those treated with NAC versus 21.4% of placebo-treated patients were able to quit smoking as defined by CO(EXH) < 6 ppm. NAC treatment significantly reduced the HDRS score in patients with tobacco use disorder. CONCLUSIONS These data show that treatment with NAC may have a clinical efficacy in TUD. NAC combined with appropriate psychotherapy appears to be an efficient treatment option for TUD.
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Neurochemistry of major depression: a study using magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2015; 232:501-7. [PMID: 25074444 PMCID: PMC4302231 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-014-3687-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is an acceptable non-invasive means of studying brain neurochemistry in depression. Previous studies in depressed patients have focused on measurement of the amino acid neurotransmitters, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study is to use MRS in conjunction with the ultrashort echo time 'SPECIAL' technique to measure cortical levels of GABA, glutamate and glutathione (GSH) levels in unmedicated patients with major depression. We also examined the effect of 6-week treatment with the selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor, escitalopram. METHODS We studied patients with DSM-IV major depression and healthy age-matched controls using proton MRS. GABA, glutamate and GSH were measured relative to creatine in a voxel placed in occipital cortex. RESULTS There was no difference in GABA or glutamate levels between depressed participants and controls; however, depressed patients had lower GSH levels. Six-week escitalopram treatment, which resulted in significant clinical responses in some patients, did not alter concentrations of GABA, glutamate or GSH. CONCLUSIONS The sources of variability of GABA and glutamate measures in different studies of depressed patients require further study. Our results suggest that concomitant treatment with selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors (SSRIs) is unlikely to be an important confounding factor. If lowered GSH levels can be confirmed, they may represent the presence of oxidative stress in some depressed patients.
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Cengiz M, Bayoglu B, Alansal NO, Cengiz S, Dirican A, Kocabasoglu N. Pro198Leu polymorphism in the oxidative stress gene, glutathione peroxidase-1, is associated with a gender-specific risk for panic disorder. Int J Psychiatry Clin Pract 2015; 19:201-7. [PMID: 25666858 DOI: 10.3109/13651501.2015.1016973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Panic disorder (PD) is an anxiety disorder characterized by sudden attacks of intense fear. Biochemical studies suggest that oxidative stress (OS) index is significantly higher in PD, and OS genes may participate in development of anxiety-like behavioral phenotypes. We aimed to investigate role of polymorphisms in OS gene, glutathione peroxidase-1 (GPX1), and DNA repair enzyme gene, 8-oxoguanine glycosylase-1 (OGG1), in PD patients. METHODS GPX1 Pro198Leu (rs1050450) and OGG1 Ser326Cys (rs1052133) polymorphisms of 127 patients with PD and 151 disease-free controls were analyzed with real-time polymerase chain reaction. Severity of PD symptoms was assessed by Panic and Agoraphobia Scale (PAS). RESULTS No significant relationship was found in genotype distributions of OGG1 Ser326Cys and GPX1 Pro198Leu polymorphisms between PD and control groups (p > 0.05). There was no significant relationship between OGG1 or GPX1 polymorphisms, and age of onset, agoraphobia, or PAS scores in PD group (p > 0.05). However, in GPX1 Pro198Leu polymorphism, C allele (Pro) was found to be more frequent in female subgroup of PD patients compared with that in males (p = 0.027). CONCLUSIONS GPX1 Pro198Leu and OGG1 Ser326Cys polymorphisms were not associated with PD risk in Turkish patients. However, a gender-specific effect of GPX1 Pro198Leu C allele may be associated with PD development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mujgan Cengiz
- a Department of Medical Biology , Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University , Istanbul , Turkey
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Wachowicz B. Blood Platelet as a Peripheral Cell in Oxidative Stress in Psychiatric Disorders. OXIDATIVE STRESS IN APPLIED BASIC RESEARCH AND CLINICAL PRACTICE 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-0440-2_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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