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Herlin M, Sánchez-Pérez I, Esteban J, Korkalainen M, Barber X, Finnilä MAJ, Hamscher G, Joseph B, Viluksela M, Håkansson H. Bone toxicity induced by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and the retinoid system: A causality analysis anchored in osteoblast gene expression and mouse data. Reprod Toxicol 2021; 105:25-43. [PMID: 34363983 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2021.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Dioxin exposures impact on bone quality and osteoblast differentiation, as well as retinoic acid metabolism and signaling. In this study we analyzed associations between increased circulating retinol concentrations and altered bone mineral density in a mouse model following oral exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlordibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). Additionally, effects of TCDD on differentiation marker genes and genes involved with retinoic acid metabolism were analysed in an osteoblast cell model followed by benchmark dose-response analyses of the gene expression data. Study results show that the increased trabecular and decreased cortical bone mineral density in the mouse model following TCDD exposure are associated with increased circulating retinol concentrations. Also, TCDD disrupted the expression of genes involved in osteoblast differentiation and retinoic acid synthesis, degradation, and nuclear translocation in directions compatible with increasing cellular retinoic acid levels. Further evaluation of the obtained results in relation to previously published data by the use of mode-of-action and weight-of-evidence inspired analytical approaches strengthened the evidence that TCDD-induced bone and retinoid system changes are causally related and compatible with an endocrine disruption mode of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Herlin
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Ismael Sánchez-Pérez
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Elche, Alicante, Spain.
| | - Javier Esteban
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Elche, Alicante, Spain.
| | - Merja Korkalainen
- Environmental Health Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Xavier Barber
- Centro de Investigación Operativa, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Elche, Alicante, Spain.
| | - Mikko A J Finnilä
- Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics, and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
| | - Gerd Hamscher
- Institute of Food Chemistry and Food Biotechnology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 10 Giessen, Germany.
| | - Bertrand Joseph
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Matti Viluksela
- Environmental Health Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Kuopio, Finland; School of Pharmacy (Toxicology) and Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Helen Håkansson
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Klenov V, Flor S, Ganesan S, Adur M, Eti N, Iqbal K, Soares MJ, Ludewig G, Ross JW, Robertson LW, Keating AF. The Aryl hydrocarbon receptor mediates reproductive toxicity of polychlorinated biphenyl congener 126 in rats. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2021; 426:115639. [PMID: 34256052 PMCID: PMC8500329 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2021.115639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are endocrine disrupting chemicals with documented, though mechanistically ill-defined, reproductive toxicity. The toxicity of dioxin-like PCBs, such as PCB126, is mediated via the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) in non-ovarian tissues. The goal of this study was to examine the uterine and ovarian effects of PCB126 and test the hypothesis that the AHR is required for PCB126-induced reproductive toxicity. Female Holzman-Sprague Dawley wild type (n = 14; WT) and Ahr knock out (n = 11; AHR-/-) rats received a single intraperitoneal injection of either corn oil vehicle (5 ml/kg: WT_O and AHR-/-_O) or PCB126 (1.63 mg/kg in corn oil: WT_PCB and AHR-/-_PCB) at four weeks of age. The estrous cycle was synchronized and ovary and uterus were collected 28 days after exposure. In WT rats, PCB126 exposure reduced (P < 0.05) body and ovary weight, uterine gland number, uterine area, progesterone, 17β-estradiol and anti-Müllerian hormone level, secondary and antral follicle and corpora lutea number but follicle stimulating hormone level increased (P < 0.05). In AHR-/- rats, PCB126 exposure increased (P ≤ 0.05) circulating luteinizing hormone level. Ovarian or uterine mRNA abundance of biotransformation, and inflammation genes were altered (P < 0.05) in WT rats due to PCB126 exposure. In AHR-/- rats, the transcriptional effects of PCB126 were restricted to reductions (P < 0.05) in three inflammatory genes. These findings support a functional role for AHR in the female reproductive tract, illustrate AHR's requirement in PCB126-induced reprotoxicity, and highlight the potential risk of dioxin-like compounds on female reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violet Klenov
- Dept of Ob/Gyn, University of Iowa, United States of America
| | - Susanne Flor
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology and Dept of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa, United States of America
| | - Shanthi Ganesan
- Dept of Animal Science, Iowa State University, United States of America
| | - Malavika Adur
- Dept of Animal Science, Iowa State University, United States of America
| | - Nazmin Eti
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology and Dept of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa, United States of America
| | - Khursheed Iqbal
- Institute for Reproduction and Perinatal Research and Department of Pathology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States of America
| | - Michael J Soares
- Institute for Reproduction and Perinatal Research and Department of Pathology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States of America; Departments of Pediatrics and Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States of America; Center for Perinatal Research, Children's Research Institute, Children's Mercy, Kansas City, MO, United States of America
| | - Gabriele Ludewig
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology and Dept of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa, United States of America
| | - Jason W Ross
- Dept of Animal Science, Iowa State University, United States of America
| | - Larry W Robertson
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology and Dept of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa, United States of America
| | - Aileen F Keating
- Dept of Animal Science, Iowa State University, United States of America.
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Brankovič J, Jan J, Fazarinc G, Vrecl M. Bone tissue morphology of rat offspring lactationally exposed to polychlorinated biphenyl 169 and 155. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19016. [PMID: 33149271 PMCID: PMC7642367 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76057-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are ubiquitous, persistent, organic pollutants also considered endocrine-disrupting chemicals. Our study examined the effects of lactational exposure to nondioxin-like PCB-155 and/or dioxin-like PCB-169 on longitudinal femur growth at the distal epiphyseal growth plate (EGP) in young rats at three different ages [postnatal days (PNDs) 9, 22, and 42]. After delivery, lactating rats were divided into four groups (PCB-169, PCB-155, PCB-155 + 169, and control) and administered PCBs intraperitoneally. The femurs of offspring were used to estimate growth rate (µm/day), and histomorphometric analysis on the distal femur included the thickness of the EGP and zones of proliferation and hypertrophy with calcification. Stereometry was used to determine trabecular bone volume density. In the PCB-169 and PCB-155 + 169 groups, PCB-169 affected longitudinal bone growth in the early postnatal period by interfering with chondrocytes in the EGP zone of proliferation and, to a lesser extent, the zone of hypertrophy. Morphometric alterations in EGP structure diminished until puberty. A slow growth rate persisted in the PCB-169 group until PND 42, while in the PCB-155 group, a fast growth rate between PNDs 9 to 22 was significantly reduced between PNDs 22 to 42. Sterometric assessment showed decreased trabecular bone volume in the PCB-155 + 169 group compared with that in the control on PND 9 and increased in the PCB-169 group compared with that in the PCB-155 group on PND 42. To summarize, studied PCB congeners exerted congener- and age-dependent effects on femur growth rate and its histomorphometric characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Brankovič
- Institute of Preclinical Sciences, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva 60, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Janja Jan
- Department of Dental Diseases and Normal Dental Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Hrvatski Trg 6, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Gregor Fazarinc
- Institute of Preclinical Sciences, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva 60, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Milka Vrecl
- Institute of Preclinical Sciences, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva 60, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Haga Y, Suzuki M, Matsumura C, Okuno T, Tsurukawa M, Fujimori K, Kannan N, Weber R, Nakano T. Monitoring OH-PCBs in PCB transport worker's urine as a non-invasive exposure assessment tool. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:16446-16454. [PMID: 29656357 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-1927-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we analyzed hydroxylated polychlorinated biphenyls (OH-PCBs) in urine of both PCB transport workers and PCB researchers. A method to monitor OH-PCB in urine was developed. Urine was solid-phase extracted with 0.1% ammonia/ methanol (v/v) and glucuronic acid/sulfate conjugates and then decomposed using β-glucuronidase/arylsulfatase. After alkaline digestion/derivatization, the concentration of OH-PCBs was determined by HRGC/HRMS-SIM. In the first sampling campaign, the worker's OH-PCB levels increased several fold after the PCB waste transportation work, indicating exposure to PCBs. The concentration of OH-PCBs in PCB transport workers' urine (0.55~11 μg/g creatinine (Cre)) was higher than in PCB researchers' urine (< 0.20 μg/g Cre). However, also a slight increase of OH-PCBs was observed in the researchers doing the air sampling at PCB storage area. In the second sampling, after recommended PCB exposure reduction measures had been enacted, the worker's PCB levels did not increase during handling of PCB equipment. This suggests that applied safety measures improved the situation. Hydroxylated trichlorobiphenyls (OH-TrCBs) were identified as a major homolog of OH-PCBs in urine. Also, hydroxylated tetrachlorobiphenyls (OH-TeCBs) to hydroxylated hexachlorobiphenyls (OH-HxCBs) were detected. For the sum of ten selected major indicators, a strong correlation to total OH-PCBs were found and these can possibly be used as non-invasive biomarkers of PCB exposure in workers managing PCB capacitors and transformer oils. We suggest that monitoring of OH-PCBs in PCB management projects could be considered a non-invasive way to detect exposure. It could also be used as a tool to assess and improve PCB management. This is highly relevant considering the fact that in the next 10 years, approx. 14 million tons of PCB waste need to be managed. Also, the selected populations could be screened to assess whether exposure at work, school, or home has taken place.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Haga
- Hyogo Prefectural Institute of Environmental Sciences, Kobe, Hyogo, 654-0037, Japan.
| | - Motoharu Suzuki
- Hyogo Prefectural Institute of Environmental Sciences, Kobe, Hyogo, 654-0037, Japan
| | - Chisato Matsumura
- Hyogo Prefectural Institute of Environmental Sciences, Kobe, Hyogo, 654-0037, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Okuno
- Hyogo Prefectural Institute of Environmental Sciences, Kobe, Hyogo, 654-0037, Japan
| | - Masahiro Tsurukawa
- Hyogo Prefectural Institute of Environmental Sciences, Kobe, Hyogo, 654-0037, Japan
| | - Kazuo Fujimori
- Hyogo Prefectural Institute of Environmental Sciences, Kobe, Hyogo, 654-0037, Japan
| | - Narayanan Kannan
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, AIMST University, Bedong, Kedha, Malaysia
| | - Roland Weber
- POPs Environmental Consulting, 73527, Schwäbisch Gmünd, Germany
| | - Takeshi Nakano
- Hyogo Prefectural Institute of Environmental Sciences, Kobe, Hyogo, 654-0037, Japan
- Center for Advanced Science and Innovation, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Graduate School of Maritime Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, 658-0022, Japan
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5
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Herlin M, Öberg M, Ringblom J, Joseph B, Korkalainen M, Viluksela M, Heimeier RA, Håkansson H. Inhibitory effects on osteoblast differentiation in vitro by the polychlorinated biphenyl mixture Aroclor 1254 are mainly associated with the dioxin-like constituents. Toxicol In Vitro 2015; 29:876-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2015.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Revised: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Yang M, Lee HS, Hwang MW, Jin M. Effects of Korean red ginseng (Panax Ginseng Meyer) on bisphenol A exposure and gynecologic complaints: single blind, randomized clinical trial of efficacy and safety. Altern Ther Health Med 2014; 14:265. [PMID: 25063041 PMCID: PMC4122766 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2013] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Korean red ginseng (KRG) is a processed ginseng from raw ginseng to enhance safety, preservation and efficacy, known having beneficial effects on women's health due to its estrogen like function. While estrogen supplementation showed some modulation of endocrine disrupting chemicals, bisphenol A (BPA) has been focused as a potential endocrine disrupting chemical. In this study, we examined the efficacy and safety outcomes of KRG against BPA, focusing on female quality of life (QOL). Individual variations in susceptibility to KRG were also investigated with the Sasang Typology, the personalized medicine used for hundred years in Korea. METHODS We performed a single-blind randomized clinical trial. Study subjects were young women (N = 22), consumed 2.7 g of KRG or placebo per day for 2 weeks and filled up questionnaires regarding gynecologic complaints at the 4 time spots. We analyzed urinary total BPA and malondialdehyde (MDA), an oxidative stress biomarker, with GC/MS and HPLC/UVD respectively, and diagnosed their Sasang Typology with the questionnaire for the Sasang constitution Classification (QSCC II). RESULTS KRG consumption decreased urinary BPA and MDA levels (ps < 0.05) and alleviated 'menstrual irregularity', 'menstrual pain', and 'constipation' (ps < 0.05). SoEum type (Lesser Yin person) among the Sasang types showed significant alleviation in insomnia, flushing, perspiration and appetite by KRG consumption, rather than other Sasang types. During the intervention, no one experienced any aggravated side effects. CONCLUSION We suggest KRG is efficient for protection for female QOL and BPA- exposure and - related oxidative stress. However, individual variation in susceptibility to KRG should be further considered for identifying ideal therapy. TRIAL REGISTRATION KCT0000920.
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Evans NP, Bellingham M, Sharpe RM, Cotinot C, Rhind SM, Kyle C, Erhard H, Hombach-Klonisch S, Lind PM, Fowler PA. Reproduction Symposium: does grazing on biosolids-treated pasture pose a pathophysiological risk associated with increased exposure to endocrine disrupting compounds? J Anim Sci 2014; 92:3185-98. [PMID: 24948646 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2014-7763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Biosolids (processed human sewage sludge), which contain low individual concentrations of an array of contaminants including heavy metals and organic pollutants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB), and polychlorinated dibenzodioxins/polychlorinated dibenzofurans known to cause physiological disturbances, are increasingly being used as an agricultural fertilizer. This could pose a health threat to both humans and domestic and wild animal species. This review summarizes results of a unique model, used to determine the effects of exposure to mixtures of environmentally relevant concentrations of pollutants, in sheep grazed on biosolids-treated pastures. Pasture treatment results in nonsignificant increases in environmental chemical (EC) concentrations in soil. Whereas EC concentrations were increased in some tissues of both ewes and their fetuses, concentrations were low and variable and deemed to pose little risk to consumer health. Investigation of the effects of gestational EC exposure on fetal development has highlighted a number of issues. The results indicate that gestational EC exposure can adversely affect gonadal development (males and females) and that these effects can impact testicular morphology, ovarian follicle numbers and health, and the transcriptome and proteome in adult animals. In addition, EC exposure can be associated with altered expression of GnRH, GnRH receptors, galanin receptors, and kisspeptin mRNA within the hypothalamus and pituitary gland, gonadotroph populations within the pituitary gland, and regional aberrations in thyroid morphology. In most cases, these anatomical and functional differences do not result in altered peripheral hormone concentrations or reproductive function (e.g., lambing rate), indicating physiological compensation under the conditions tested. Physiological compensation is also suggested from studies that indicate that EC effects may be greater when exposure occurs either before or during gestation compared with EC exposure throughout life. With regard to human and animal health, this body of work questions the concept of safe individual concentration of EC when EC exposure typically occurs as complex mixtures. It suggests that developmental EC exposure may affect many different physiological systems, with some sex-specific differences in EC sensitivity, and that EC effects may be masked under favorable physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- N P Evans
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH
| | - M Bellingham
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH
| | - R M Sharpe
- MRC Human Reproductive Sciences Unit, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - C Cotinot
- INRA, UMR 1198, Biologie du Développement et Reproduction F-78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - S M Rhind
- The James Hutton Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen, AB15 8QH, UK
| | - C Kyle
- The James Hutton Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen, AB15 8QH, UK
| | - H Erhard
- INRA, UMR791 MoSAR/AgroParis Tech, UMR MoSAR, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - S Hombach-Klonisch
- Dept Human Anatomy and Cell Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - P M Lind
- Dept Medical Sciences, Occupational and Environmental medicine, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - P A Fowler
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Division of Applied Medicine, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
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Yachiguchi K, Matsumoto N, Haga Y, Suzuki M, Matsumura C, Tsurukawa M, Okuno T, Nakano T, Kawabe K, Kitamura KI, Toriba A, Hayakawa K, Chowdhury VS, Endo M, Chiba A, Sekiguchi T, Nakano M, Tabuchi Y, Kondo T, Wada S, Mishima H, Hattori A, Suzuki N. Polychlorinated biphenyl (118) activates osteoclasts and induces bone resorption in goldfish. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 21:6365-72. [PMID: 23247518 PMCID: PMC4021165 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-012-1347-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2012] [Accepted: 11/16/2012] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
To analyze the effect of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) 118 on fish bone metabolism, we examined osteoclastic and osteoblastic activities, as well as plasma calcium levels, in the scales of PCB (118)-injected goldfish. In addition, effect of PCB (118) on osteoclasts and osteoblasts was investigated in vitro. Immature goldfish, in which the endogenous effects of sex steroids are negligible, were used. PCB (118) was solubilized in dimethyl sulfoxide at a concentration of 10 ppm. At 1 and 2 days after PCB (118) injection (100 ng/g body weight), both osteoclastic and osteoblastic activities, and plasma calcium levels were measured. In an in vitro study, then, both osteoclastic and osteoblastic activities as well as each marker mRNA expression were examined. At 2 days, scale osteoclastic activity in PCB (118)-injected goldfish increased significantly, while osteoblastic activity did not change significantly. Corresponding to osteoclastic activity, plasma calcium levels increased significantly at 2 days after PCB (118) administration. Osteoclastic activation also occurred in the marker enzyme activities and mRNA expressions in vitro. Thus, we conclude that PCB (118) disrupts bone metabolism in goldfish both in vivo and in vitro experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Yachiguchi
- Noto Marine Laboratory, Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Ogi, Noto-cho, Housu-gun, Ishikawa 927-0553 Japan
| | - Noriko Matsumoto
- Noto Marine Laboratory, Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Ogi, Noto-cho, Housu-gun, Ishikawa 927-0553 Japan
| | - Yuki Haga
- Hyogo Prefectural Institute of Environmental Sciences, Kobe, Hyogo 654-0037 Japan
| | - Motoharu Suzuki
- Hyogo Prefectural Institute of Environmental Sciences, Kobe, Hyogo 654-0037 Japan
| | - Chisato Matsumura
- Hyogo Prefectural Institute of Environmental Sciences, Kobe, Hyogo 654-0037 Japan
| | - Masahiro Tsurukawa
- Hyogo Prefectural Institute of Environmental Sciences, Kobe, Hyogo 654-0037 Japan
| | - Toshihiro Okuno
- Hyogo Prefectural Institute of Environmental Sciences, Kobe, Hyogo 654-0037 Japan
| | - Takeshi Nakano
- Hyogo Prefectural Institute of Environmental Sciences, Kobe, Hyogo 654-0037 Japan
| | - Kimi Kawabe
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192 Japan
| | - Kei-ichiro Kitamura
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kodatsuno, Ishikawa 920-0942 Japan
| | - Akira Toriba
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192 Japan
| | - Kazuichi Hayakawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192 Japan
| | - Vishwajit S. Chowdhury
- International Education Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8581 Japan
| | - Masato Endo
- Graduate School of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8477 Japan
| | - Atsuhiko Chiba
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Sophia University, Tokyo, 102-8554 Japan
| | - Toshio Sekiguchi
- Noto Marine Laboratory, Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Ogi, Noto-cho, Housu-gun, Ishikawa 927-0553 Japan
| | - Masaki Nakano
- Department of Biology, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Ichikawa, Chiba 272-0827 Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Tabuchi
- Division of Molecular Genetics Research, Life Science Research Center, University of Toyama, Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194 Japan
| | - Takashi Kondo
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194 Japan
| | - Shigehito Wada
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194 Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Mishima
- Department of Human Life Sciences, Kochi Gakuen College, Kochi, 780-0955 Japan
| | - Atsuhiko Hattori
- Department of Biology, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Ichikawa, Chiba 272-0827 Japan
| | - Nobuo Suzuki
- Noto Marine Laboratory, Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Ogi, Noto-cho, Housu-gun, Ishikawa 927-0553 Japan
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Eskenazi B, Warner M, Sirtori M, Fuerst T, Rauch SA, Brambilla P, Mocarelli P, Rubinacci A. Serum dioxin concentrations and bone density and structure in the Seveso Women's Health Study. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2014; 122:51-7. [PMID: 24240199 PMCID: PMC3888571 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1306788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), a widespread environmental contaminant, is a known endocrine disruptor. In animal studies, TCDD exposure impairs bone metabolism and increases fragility. To our knowledge, no epidemiologic studies have examined this association. OBJECTIVES On 10 July 1976, a chemical explosion in Seveso, Italy, resulted in the highest known residential exposure to TCDD. In 1996, we initiated the Seveso Women's Health Study, a retrospective cohort study of the health of the women. In 2008, we followed up the cohort. Here, we evaluated the association between TCDD exposure and bone structure and geometry in adulthood, and considered whether timing of TCDD exposure before achievement of peak bone mass (assumed to occur 2 years after onset of menarche) modified the association. METHODS Individual TCDD concentration was measured in archived serum collected soon after the explosion. In 2008, 350 women who were <20 years old in 1976 underwent a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) bone scan. Bone mineral density was measured at the lumbar spine and hip, and hip geometry was extracted from hip DXA scans using the hip structural analysis method. RESULTS Among premenopausal women, TCDD serum levels were associated with some indexes indicating better bone structure in women exposed before peak bone mass (n=219), with stronger associations in those exposed before 5 years of age (n=46). In contrast, among postmenopausal women, TCDD levels were associated with evidence of better bone structure in women exposed after peak bone mass (n=48) than in other women (n=18). CONCLUSIONS Our current results do not support the hypothesis that postnatal TCDD exposure adversely affects adult bone health. Continued follow-up of women who were youngest at exposure is warranted. Future studies should also focus on those exposed in utero.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Eskenazi
- Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
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Herlin M, Finnilä MAJ, Zioupos P, Aula A, Risteli J, Miettinen HM, Jämsä T, Tuukkanen J, Korkalainen M, Håkansson H, Viluksela M. New insights to the role of aryl hydrocarbon receptor in bone phenotype and in dioxin-induced modulation of bone microarchitecture and material properties. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2013; 273:219-26. [PMID: 24035824 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2013.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Revised: 08/21/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bone is a target for high affinity aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) ligands, such as dioxins. Although bone morphology, mineral density and strength are sensitive endpoints of dioxin toxicity, less is known about effects on bone microarchitecture and material properties. This study characterizes TCDD-induced modulations of bone tissue, and the role of AHR in dioxin-induced bone toxicity and for normal bone phenotype. Six AHR-knockout (Ahr(-/-)) and wild-type (Ahr(+/+)) mice of both genders were exposed to TCDD weekly for 10 weeks, at a total dose of 200μg/kgbw. Bones were examined with micro-computed tomography, nanoindentation and biomechanical testing. Serum levels of bone remodeling markers were analyzed, and the expression of genes related to osteogenic differentiation was profiled using PCR array. In Ahr(+/+) mice, TCDD-exposure resulted in harder bone matrix, thinner and more porous cortical bone, and a more compact trabecular bone compartment. Bone remodeling markers and altered expression of a number of osteogenesis related genes indicated imbalanced bone remodeling. Untreated Ahr(-/-) mice displayed a slightly modified bone phenotype as compared with untreated Ahr(+/+) mice, while TCDD exposure caused only a few changes in bones of Ahr(-/-) mice. Part of the effects of both TCDD-exposure and AHR-deficiency were gender dependent. In conclusion, exposure of adult mice to TCDD resulted in harder bone matrix, thinner cortical bone, mechanically weaker bones and most notably, increased trabecular bone volume fraction in Ahr(+/+) mice. AHR is involved in bone development of a normal bone phenotype, and is crucial for manifestation of TCDD-induced bone alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Herlin
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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11
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Elabbas LE, Herlin M, Finnilä MA, Rendel F, Stern N, Trossvik C, Bowers WJ, Nakai J, Tuukkanen J, Viluksela M, Heimeier RA, Åkesson A, Håkansson H. In utero and lactational exposure to Aroclor 1254 affects bone geometry, mineral density and biomechanical properties of rat offspring. Toxicol Lett 2011; 207:82-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2011] [Revised: 07/21/2011] [Accepted: 08/05/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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12
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Cho MR, Shin JY, Hwang JH, Jacobs DR, Kim SY, Lee DH. Associations of fat mass and lean mass with bone mineral density differ by levels of persistent organic pollutants: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2004. CHEMOSPHERE 2011; 82:1268-1276. [PMID: 21196025 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2010] [Revised: 11/19/2010] [Accepted: 12/07/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Persistent organic pollutants (POPs), xenobiotics that accumulate in fat tissue, may impair bone metabolism. We studied (1) the association of bone mineral density (BMD) with POPs and (2) whether associations of fat mass (FM) or lean mass (LM), two components of body composition, with BMD differed depending on levels of POPs. Participants aged ≥ 20 in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2004 were included (n=2769). Eight POPs with detection rate ≥ 80% and three skeletal subregions (left arm, pelvis, and right leg) were selected. All analyses were stratified by gender and age (cutpoint 50 years or more). POPs at background concentrations were mostly unassociated with BMD. However, the associations of FM and LM with BMD depended on POPs concentrations, in particular with BMD of the left arm (usually not weight-bearing) in postmenopausal women. When POPs concentrations were low, FM showed inverse associations with BMD while LM showed positive associations. However, when POPs levels were high, FM showed positive associations with BMD while the positive associations between LM and BMD weakened. POPs may biologically modify the associations of FM and LM with BMD, especially among postmenopausal women, possibly explaining inconsistent associations between FM and BMD in previous epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M-R Cho
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Daegu Catholic University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
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13
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Effects on bone tissue in ewes (Ovies aries) and their foetuses exposed to PCB 118 and PCB 153. Toxicol Lett 2010; 192:126-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2009.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2009] [Revised: 10/08/2009] [Accepted: 10/12/2009] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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14
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Johnson KE, Knopper LD, Schneider DC, Ollson CA, Reimer KJ. Effects of local point source polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) contamination on bone mineral density in deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2009; 407:5050-5055. [PMID: 19580994 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2009] [Revised: 06/06/2009] [Accepted: 06/09/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A former local source of PCBs has contaminated soil and the terrestrial food web at Saglek, Labrador. The relationship between PCB exposure and bone mineral density as an osteoporosis biomarker in deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) was investigated at two sites at Saglek: a contaminated Beach and a reference area. Bone mineral density was measured on the femur of twenty-six deer mice using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) technology. Bone mineral density was significantly lower in deer mice from the high exposure site (average whole body summation operatorPCB=5769 ng/g wet weight, n=20) than at the reference site (average whole body summation operatorPCB=79.8 ng/g wet weight, n=7). We used T-scores from the World Health Organization to determine the degree of decreased bone mineral density in exposed mice. Assuming the same biomechanical forces apply as for humans, and using a conservative factor of 1.5 (fracture risk increases 1.5 to 3 fold for every standard deviation decrease in bone mineral density), mice from the contaminated Beach are up to five folds more susceptible to fracture risk than mice from the reference area. Therefore, the PCB concentrations found locally at contaminated military sites such as Saglek are high enough to affect local wildlife.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly E Johnson
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada A1B 3X9.
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15
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Effects of 3,3′,4,4′,5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB126) on vertebral bone mineralization and on thyroxin and vitamin D levels in Sprague–Dawley rats. Toxicol Lett 2009; 187:63-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2009.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2008] [Revised: 01/16/2009] [Accepted: 01/20/2009] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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16
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Lind PM, Wejheden C, Lundberg R, Alvarez-Lloret P, Hermsen SAB, Rodriguez-Navarro AB, Larsson S, Rannug A. Short-term exposure to dioxin impairs bone tissue in male rats. CHEMOSPHERE 2009; 75:680-684. [PMID: 19152955 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2008] [Revised: 12/01/2008] [Accepted: 12/14/2008] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Chronic and sub-chronic studies in rats have previously shown that dioxin-like compounds impair the bone tissue homeostasis. In the present study, tibiae and serum were analyzed to study possible effects of short term dioxin exposure on rats. Two month old (ca. 200g) male rats were injected with 50microg 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) kg(-1) bw and tibiae were excised 5d following the exposure. Bone composition, dimensions and strength were analyzed by pQCT and three-point bending test on tibiae. In addition, detailed bone composition was analyzed by optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR). Analysis of the serum bone biomarkers procollagen type-I N-terminal propeptide (PINP) and carboxyterminal cross linking teleopeptide (CTX) were also performed. pQCT-results showed alterations in the metaphysis, with a significant decrease in trabecular bone cross-sectional area (-19%, p<0.05) and a significant increase in total bone mineral density (+7%, p<0.05) in TCDD-exposed rats. Analyses of the bones by ICP-OES and FTIR showed that bones from exposed rats had a higher relative proportion of crystalline phosphate (+13% for a1080 and +11% for a1113, p<0.05) and lower acid phosphate content (-22% for a1145, p<0.05), resembling the composition of more mature bones. Serum analysis showed that the bone formation marker PINP was decreased (-37%, p<0.05) and that the bone resorption marker CTX was increased (+14%, p<0.05) indicating a net loss of bone tissue. In conclusion, 5d of exposure to TCDD was sufficient to negatively affect bone tissue in male rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Monica Lind
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Division of Biochemical Toxicology, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels väg 13, plan 3, Box 210, S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Carolina Wejheden
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Division of Biochemical Toxicology, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels väg 13, plan 3, Box 210, S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rebecca Lundberg
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Division of Biochemical Toxicology, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels väg 13, plan 3, Box 210, S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pedro Alvarez-Lloret
- Departamento de Mineralogía y Petrología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Avenida Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Sanne A B Hermsen
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Division of Biochemical Toxicology, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels väg 13, plan 3, Box 210, S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alejandro B Rodriguez-Navarro
- Departamento de Mineralogía y Petrología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Avenida Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Sune Larsson
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Orthopaedics, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Agneta Rannug
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Division of Work Environment Toxicology, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
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17
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In utero and lactational exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) affects bone tissue in rhesus monkeys. Toxicology 2008; 253:147-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2008.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2008] [Revised: 09/03/2008] [Accepted: 09/04/2008] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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18
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Hodgson S, Thomas L, Fattore E, Lind PM, Alfven T, Hellström L, Håkansson H, Carubelli G, Fanelli R, Jarup L. Bone mineral density changes in relation to environmental PCB exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2008; 116:1162-6. [PMID: 18795157 PMCID: PMC2535616 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.11107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2007] [Accepted: 05/12/2008] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone toxicity has been linked to organochlorine exposure following a few notable poisoning incidents, but epidemiologic studies in populations with environmental organochlorine exposure have yielded inconsistent results. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate whether organochlorine exposure was associated with bone mineral density (BMD) in a population 60-81 years of age (154 males, 167 females) living near the Baltic coast, close to a river contaminated by polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). METHODS We measured forearm BMD in participants using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry; and we assessed low BMD using age- and sex-standardized Z-scores. We analyzed blood samples for five dioxin-like PCBs, the three most abundant non-dioxin-like PCBs, and p,p'-dichloro-phenyldichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE). RESULTS In males, dioxin-like chlorobiphenyl (CB)-118 was negatively associated with BMD; the odds ratio for low BMD (Z-score less than -1) was 1.06 (95% confidence interval, 1.01-1.12) per 10 pg/mL CB-118. The sum of the three most abundant non-dioxin-like PCBs was positively associated with BMD, but not with a decreased risk of low BMD. In females, CB-118 was positively associated with BMD, but this congener did not influence the risk of low BMD in women. CONCLUSIONS Environmental organochlorine exposures experienced by this population sample since the 1930s in Sweden may have been sufficient to result in sex-specific changes in BMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Hodgson
- Institute of Health and Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.
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19
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Marino R, Hegde A, Barnes KM, Schrier L, Emons JA, Nilsson O, Baron J. Catch-up growth after hypothyroidism is caused by delayed growth plate senescence. Endocrinology 2008; 149:1820-8. [PMID: 18174286 PMCID: PMC2276705 DOI: 10.1210/en.2007-0993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Catch-up growth is defined as a linear growth rate greater than expected for age after a period of growth inhibition. We hypothesized that catch-up growth occurs because growth-inhibiting conditions conserve the limited proliferative capacity of growth plate chondrocytes, thus slowing the normal process of growth plate senescence. When the growth-inhibiting condition resolves, the growth plates are less senescent and therefore grow more rapidly than normal for age. To test this hypothesis, we administered propylthiouracil to newborn rats for 8 wk to induce hypothyroidism and then stopped the propylthiouracil to allow catch-up growth. In untreated controls, the growth plates underwent progressive, senescent changes in multiple functional and structural characteristics. We also identified genes that showed large changes in mRNA expression in growth plate and used these changes as molecular markers of senescence. In treated animals, after stopping propylthiouracil, these functional, structural, and molecular senescent changes were delayed, compared with controls. This delayed senescence included a delayed decline in longitudinal growth rate, resulting in catch-up growth. The findings demonstrate that growth inhibition due to hypothyroidism slows the developmental program of growth plate senescence, including the normal decline in the rate of longitudinal bone growth, thus accounting for catch-up growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rose Marino
- Developmental Endocrinology Branch, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD 20892-1103, USA
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20
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Ramajayam G, Sridhar M, Karthikeyan S, Lavanya R, Veni S, Vignesh RC, Ilangovan R, Djody SS, Gopalakrishnan V, Arunakaran J, Srinivasan N. Effects of Aroclor 1254 on femoral bone metabolism in adult male Wistar rats. Toxicology 2007; 241:99-105. [PMID: 17889981 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2007.08.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2007] [Revised: 08/13/2007] [Accepted: 08/15/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Environmental pollutants that disrupt endocrine system might also affect the modeling and remodeling of bone. Environmental factors, irrespective of age and sex contribute for the development of secondary osteoporosis. Polychlorinated biphenyls have adverse effects on various organs including bone. The present study was designed to investigate the effects of PCB (Aroclor 1254) on femur bone and the ameliorative role of vitamin C or E. In this regard, four groups of adult male albino rats were used as control, PCB (2mg/kgb.wt.), PCB+vitamin C (100mg/kgb.wt.) and PCB+vitamin E (50mg/kgb.wt.). The bone formation markers (ALP, Collagen), bone resorption marker (TRAP), antioxidant enzymes (SOD, GPX and GST) and lipid peroxidation in the femur were studied. Aroclor 1254 treatment decreased the ALP activity and collagen, but increased the TRAP activity and lipid peroxidation. While it decreased the SOD and GPX activity, GST was unaltered. Interestingly, simultaneous administration of vitamin C or E prevented the adverse effects of Aroclor 1254 in the femur. In conclusion, the present investigation suggests that Aroclor 1254 induced oxidative stress affects femoral bone metabolism. However, vitamin C or vitamin E protected the femur from the oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Ramajayam
- Department of Endocrinology, Dr. ALM Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani, Chennai 600113, India
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21
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Lundberg R, Lyche JL, Ropstad E, Aleksandersen M, Rönn M, Skaare JU, Larsson S, Orberg J, Lind PM. Perinatal exposure to PCB 153, but not PCB 126, alters bone tissue composition in female goat offspring. Toxicology 2006; 228:33-40. [PMID: 17007988 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2006.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2006] [Revised: 08/07/2006] [Accepted: 08/08/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate if environmentally relevant doses of the putative estrogenic non dioxin-like PCB 153 and the dioxin-like PCB 126 caused changes in bone tissue in female goat offspring following perinatal exposure. Goat dams were orally dosed with PCB 153 in corn oil (98 microg/kg body wt/day) or PCB 126 (49 ng/kg body wt/day) from day 60 of gestation until delivery. The offspring were exposed to PCB in utero and through mother's milk. The suckling period lasted for 6 weeks. Offspring metacarpal bones were analysed using peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) after euthanisation at 9 months of age. The diaphyseal bone was analysed at a distance of 18% and 50% of the total bone length, and the metaphyseal bone at a distance of 9%. Also, biomechanical three-point bending of the bones was conducted, with the load being applied to the mid-diaphyseal pQCT measure point (50%). PCB 153 exposure significantly decreased the total cross-sectional area (125 mm(2)+/-4) versus non-exposed (142 mm(2)+/-5), decreased the marrow cavity (38 mm(2)+/-4) versus non-exposed (50 mm(2)+/-3) and decreased the moment of resistance (318 mm(3)+/-10) versus non-exposed (371 mm(3)+/-20) at the diaphyseal 18% measure point. At the metaphyseal measure point, the trabecular bone mineral density (121 mg/cm(3)+/-5) was increased versus non-exposed (111 mg/cm(3)+/-3). PCB 126 exposure did not produce any observable changes in bone tissue. The biomechanical testing of the bones did not show any significant changes in bone strength after PCB 153 or PCB 126 exposure. In conclusion, perinatal exposure to PCB 153, but not PCB 126, resulted in altered bone composition in female goat offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Lundberg
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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22
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Yilmaz B, Seyran AD, Sandal S, Aydin M, Colakoglu N, Kocer M, Carpenter DO. Modulatory effects of Aroclors 1221 and 1254 on bone turnover and vertebral histology in intact and ovariectomized rats. Toxicol Lett 2006; 166:276-84. [PMID: 16978806 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2006.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2006] [Revised: 08/02/2006] [Accepted: 08/06/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are persistent environmental pollutants. Two PCB mixtures, Aroclors 1221 and 1254 have been suggested to have estrogenic and anti-estrogenic properties, respectively. We have examined whether these PCB mixtures modulate bone turnover and vertebral histology in intact and ovariectomized (ovx) rat models. Thirty-two adult female rats were divided into four groups subcutaneously receiving 4% DMSO (control), A1221 (10 mg/kg), A1254 (10 mg/kg) oestradiol (E2, 30 microg/kg). These compounds were injected to the animals for a period of 6 weeks at two daily intervals. In the second model, rats (n=32) were ovx and allowed to recover for a period of 3 weeks. Control group received vehicle (4% DMSO) alone. Remaining rats were divided into three groups and injected (s.c.) with A1221, A1254 and E2 for 5 weeks. Urine samples were collected prior to end of the experiments. Then, all animals were decapitated. Serum parathyroid hormone (PTH), calcitonin and osteocalcin levels were determined by immunoradiometric method. Serum concentrations of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), calcium and inorganic phosphate were determined by enzymatic-colorimetric method. Urinary deoxypyridinoline (DPD) was measured by ELISA. Lumbar vertebrae (L2) of all animals were dissected out and processed for light microscopy. Levels of urinary DPD were significantly lowered in E2 -treated intact rats (p<0.001). Ovx significantly increased urinary DPD excretion (p<0.01) compared to intact control values. Administration of A1221 and A1254 had no significant effects in intact rats, however, they significantly reduced (p<0.05) and increased (p<0.001) urinary DPD levels in ovx rats, respectively. Neither of the PCB mixtures significantly changed serum osteocalcin and ALP levels in intact or ovx rats (except A1221 increased ALP in intact model, p<0.01). Both PCB mixtures had differential effects on serum PTH, calcitonin, calcium and inorganic phosphate concentrations. Treatment with A1221 reversed the adverse effects of ovariectomy on L2 histology. However, A1254 produced necrotic areas in vertebral bone, and this effect was expanded in ovx animals. Our findings suggest that both Aroclor compounds interfere with bone turnover mechanisms, particularly in ovx rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bayram Yilmaz
- Firat University Medical School, Department of Physiology, Elaziğ, Turkey.
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Wejheden C, Brunnberg S, Hanberg A, Lind PM. Osteopontin: A rapid and sensitive response to dioxin exposure in the osteoblastic cell line UMR-106. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2006; 341:116-20. [PMID: 16414014 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.12.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2005] [Accepted: 12/24/2005] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is an endocrine disrupting environmental pollutant that, among other effects, affects bone tissue. TCDD modulates the transcription of various genes, e.g., CYP1A1, and the present study is a part of a project aiming at developing an in vitro model system for identifying biomarkers specific for dioxin-induced effects in osteoblasts. Osteopontin (OPN) is an adhesion protein, suggested to be important in bone remodeling and our results indicate that TCDD down-regulates the transcription of OPN in the osteoblastic cell line, UMR-106. The present study shows that UMR-106 expresses the AhR and that the expression of CYP1A1 is induced after exposure to TCDD, while down-regulation of OPN is an even more rapid response and a sensitive biomarker to TCDD exposure in this osteoblastic cell line. In conclusion, this osteoblastic cell line may be used as an in vitro model-system for studying dioxin-induced effects on osteoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Wejheden
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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24
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Stern N, Korotkova M, Strandvik B, Oxlund H, Oberg M, Hakansson H, Lind PM. Subchronic Toxicity of Baltic Herring Oil and its Fractions in the Rat (III) Bone Tissue Composition and Dimension, and Ratio of n-6/n-3 Fatty Acids in Serum Phospholipids. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2005. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-7843.2005.pto_96608.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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