1
|
Wang L, Wu Y, Pan S, Pan F, Chen J. Rapid and sensitive detection of Karlodinium veneficum using RAA and CRISPR-Cas12a technologies. HARMFUL ALGAE 2025; 146:102864. [PMID: 40409866 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2025.102864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2025] [Accepted: 04/11/2025] [Indexed: 05/25/2025]
Abstract
The harmful algal species Karlodinium veneficum (K. veneficum) poses a significant threat to aquatic ecosystems, economic stability, and human health due to its toxin production and widespread occurrence. Rapid climatic changes and eutrophication have intensified harmful algal blooms (HABs), making the timely detection of K. veneficum critical. To address this need, we developed a rapid and accurate detection method of K. veneficum by combining Recombinase Aided Amplification (RAA) with CRISPR/LbCas12a. This method targets the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence of K. veneficum and utilizes the "collateral activity" of CRISPR/LbCas12a for visualization. Our method can detect plasmid DNA as low as 5.9 × 102 copies/µL and genomic DNA as low as 3.6 × 10-2 ng/µL, achieving a detection limit of 10 cells of K. veneficum through a simplified DNA extraction process. The entire detection process, from DNA crude extract to result visualization, can be completed in as fast as 90 min, making it suitable for field applications requiring a rapid response. In addition, our method was validated against a wide range of non-target microalgae species, confirming its specificity to K. veneficum and eliminating the risk of cross-reactivity. Overall, the RAA-CRISPR/LbCas12a system is simple, accurate, and sensitive, showing great potential for field applications in monitoring K. veneficum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- Fujian Key Laboratory on Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Marine Biodiversity, Fuzhou Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, China.
| | - Yinsheng Wu
- Fujian Key Laboratory on Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Marine Biodiversity, Fuzhou Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Siqi Pan
- Fujian Key Laboratory on Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Marine Biodiversity, Fuzhou Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Feifei Pan
- Fishery Resources Monitoring Center of Fujian Province, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jianming Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory on Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Marine Biodiversity, Fuzhou Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Pan Y, Meng R, Li Y, Yang L, Mei L, Wu Y, Xu J, Zhou C, Yan X. Changes in biochemical metabolites in manila clam after a temporary culture with high-quality microalgal feed mixed with the dinoflagellate species Karlodinium veneficum and K. zhouanum. HARMFUL ALGAE 2023; 125:102422. [PMID: 37220975 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2023.102422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Phytoplankton composition is an important factor affecting the growth and physiological biochemical characteristics of filter-feeding bivalves. With the increasing trend in dinoflagellate biomass and blooms in mariculture areas, how the physio-biochemical traits and seafood quality of the mariculture organism are affected by the dinoflagellates, especially those at nonfatal levels, is not well understood. Different densities of two Karlodinium species, namely K. veneficum (KV) and K. zhouanum (KZ), mixed with high quality microalgal food Isochrysis galbana was applied in feeding manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum in a 14-day temporary culture, to comparatively study how the critical biochemical metabolites such as glycogen, free amino acids (FAAs), fatty acids (FAs), volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the clam were affected. The survival rate of the clam showed dinoflagellate density and species specificity. The high-density KV group inhibited survival to 32% lower than that of the pure I. galbana control, respectively, while KZ at low concentrations did not significantly affect the survival compared with the control. In the high-density KV group, the glycogen and FAA contents decreased (p < 0.05), indicating that energy and protein metabolism were significantly affected. Amount of carnosine (49.91 ± 14.64 to 84.74 ± 8.59 μg/g of muscle wet weight) was detected in all the dinoflagellate-mixed groups, while it was not present in the field samples or in the pure I. galbana control, showing that carnosine participated in the anti-stress activities when the clam was exposed to the dinoflagellates. The global composition of FAs did not significantly vary among the groups. However, contents of the endogenous C18 PUFA precursors linoleic acid and α-linolenic acid significantly decreased in the high-density KV group compared to all the other groups, indicating that high density of KV affected the metabolisms of fatty acids. From the results of the changed VOC composition, oxidation of fatty acids and degradation of free amino acids might occur in the clams exposed to dinoflagellates. The increased VOCs, such as aldehydes, and decreased 1-octen-3-ol probably produced a more fishy taste and reduced food flavor quality when the clam was exposed to the dinoflagellates. This present study demonstrated that the biochemical metabolism and seafood qulity of the clam were affected. However, KZ with moderate density in the feed seemed to be beneficial in aquaculture for increasing the content of carnosine, a high-valued substance with multiple bioactivities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanbo Pan
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China; Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin Kenneth Li Marine Biopharmaceutical Research Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Ran Meng
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China; Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin Kenneth Li Marine Biopharmaceutical Research Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Yanrong Li
- Ningbo Institute of Oceanography, Ningbo 315832, China
| | - Ling Yang
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China; Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin Kenneth Li Marine Biopharmaceutical Research Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Limin Mei
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China; Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin Kenneth Li Marine Biopharmaceutical Research Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Yanhua Wu
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China; Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin Kenneth Li Marine Biopharmaceutical Research Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Jilin Xu
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Chengxu Zhou
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China; Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin Kenneth Li Marine Biopharmaceutical Research Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
| | - Xiaojun Yan
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China; Ningbo Institute of Oceanography, Ningbo 315832, China; Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang 316022, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Applying Surfactin in the Removal of Blooms of Karlodinium veneficum Increases the Toxic Potential. JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/jmse10020196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Biosurfactant has potential application value in the removal of microalgal blooms, but the ecological risks require more research. In this paper, the effects of surfactin on the toxic dinoflagellate Karlodinium veneficum were studied. The coaction of surfactin and K. veneficum was also evaluated through toxicological experiments on Artemia and juvenile clams. The results showed that: (1) in the concentration range of 0–10 mg/L, surfactin significantly killed algal cells in a dose-dependent manner within 48 h; the 24 h EC50 was 3.065 mg/L; (2) K. veneficum had the ability to restore population growth after stress reduction and the restored proliferation was positively correlated with the initial surfactin concentration; (3) the ability to restore population growth was associated with protection afforded by the promotion of antioxidant enzymes, including catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), whose increase was positively correlated with the surfactin concentration; (4) the toxicity of the coculture of surfactin and K. veneficum was significantly greater than that of the K. veneficum culture or surfactin alone and was dose and time dependent. The potential ecological risks should be considered when applying biosurfactants, such as surfactin, in the removal of harmful algal blooms.
Collapse
|
4
|
Liu F, Zhang C, Zheng H, Yang Y, Zang D, Wang Y, Chen G. Rapid and sensitive detection of Karlodinium veneficum by a novel double-nick rolling circle amplification. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:42570-42582. [PMID: 33813702 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13673-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Harmful algal blooms caused by Karlodinium veneficum recently occurred with high incidence, posing a serious threat to the marine ecological environment, public health, and mariculture. It is therefore rather vital to establish a method for rapid detection of K. veneficum. In this study, the D1-D2 region of the large subunit rDNA (LSU rDNA D1-D2) of K. veneficum was cloned and sequenced to design the specific probes and primers. A novel method referred to as double-nick rolling circle amplification (dn-RCA) based on the designed probes and primers was initially established. The optimal reaction conditions for dn-RCA were as follows: probe concentration, 200 pM; ligation temperature, 57 °C; ligation time, 50 min; amplification temperature, 60 °C; and amplification time, 60 min. Furthermore, lateral flow dipstick (LFD) was employed instead of agarose gel electrophoresis to analyze dn-RCA products, which can simplify the detection procedure and reduce the operation time. The sensitivity of dn-RCA-LFD was tested with the genomic DNA, the recombinant plasmid containing the inserted LSU rDNA D1-D2, and the DNA crude extract of K. veneficum. The results showed that the sensitivity of dn-RCA-LFD was 10 times higher than that of conventional PCR; the detection limit of dn-RCA-LFD was 1.1 × 10-4 ng μL-1 for the genomic DNA, 360 copies μL-1 for the recombinant plasmid, and 5.3 cells mL-1 for DNA crude extract. The results of the cross-reactivity test with 22 control microalgal species showed that the dn-RCA-LFD had high specificity for K. veneficum. The stability of dn-RCA-LFD was tested by mixing the interfering genomic DNA with the target genomic DNA, which can be expected to simulate the natural samples containing different ratios of interfering cells to target cells. The results indicated that the performance of dn-RCA-LFD was immune to the DNA concentration of the interfering species. Finally, the practicability of dn-RCA-LFD was further confirmed by the test with field samples collected from the East China Sea. In conclusion, the established dn-RCA-LFD has advantages of high sensitivity, strong specificity, and stable performance, and is therefore promising for rapid detection of K. veneficum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fuguo Liu
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology (Weihai), Harbin Institute of Technology (Weihai), Wenhua West Road, 2#,, Weihai, 264209, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 264209, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyun Zhang
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology (Weihai), Harbin Institute of Technology (Weihai), Wenhua West Road, 2#,, Weihai, 264209, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China.
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, People's Republic of China.
| | - Huiwen Zheng
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology (Weihai), Harbin Institute of Technology (Weihai), Wenhua West Road, 2#,, Weihai, 264209, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuchen Yang
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology (Weihai), Harbin Institute of Technology (Weihai), Wenhua West Road, 2#,, Weihai, 264209, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Diya Zang
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology (Weihai), Harbin Institute of Technology (Weihai), Wenhua West Road, 2#,, Weihai, 264209, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology (Weihai), Harbin Institute of Technology (Weihai), Wenhua West Road, 2#,, Weihai, 264209, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Guofu Chen
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology (Weihai), Harbin Institute of Technology (Weihai), Wenhua West Road, 2#,, Weihai, 264209, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wu N, Tong M, Gou S, Zeng W, Xu Z, Jiang T. Hemolytic Activity in Relation to the Photosynthetic System in Chattonella marina and Chattonella ovata. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:336. [PMID: 34204792 PMCID: PMC8231601 DOI: 10.3390/md19060336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chattonella species, C. marina and C. ovata, are harmful raphidophycean flagellates known to have hemolytic effects on many marine organisms and resulting in massive ecological damage worldwide. However, knowledge of the toxigenic mechanism of these ichthyotoxic flagellates is still limited. Light was reported to be responsible for the hemolytic activity (HA) of Chattonella species. Therefore, the response of photoprotective, photosynthetic accessory pigments, the photosystem II (PSII) electron transport chain, as well as HA were investigated in non-axenic C. marina and C. ovata cultures under variable environmental conditions (light, iron and addition of photosynthetic inhibitors). HA and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) were quantified using erythrocytes and pHPA assay. Results confirmed that% HA of Chattonella was initiated by light, but was not always elicited during cell division. Exponential growth of C. marina and C. ovata under the light over 100 µmol m-2 s-1 or iron-sufficient conditions elicited high hemolytic activity. Inhibitors of PSII reduced the HA of C. marina, but had no effect on C. ovata. The toxicological response indicated that HA in Chattonella was not associated with the photoprotective system, i.e., xanthophyll cycle and regulation of reactive oxygen species, nor the PSII electron transport chain, but most likely occurred during energy transport through the light-harvesting antenna pigments. A positive, highly significant relationship between HA and chlorophyll (chl) biosynthesis pigments, especially chl c2 and chl a, in both species, indicated that hemolytic toxin may be generated during electron/energy transfer through the chl c2 biosynthesis pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ni Wu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Eutrophication and Control of Harmful Algal Blooms of Guangdong Higher Education Institute, Research Center of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (N.W.); (S.G.); (W.Z.)
- South China Sea Institute of Planning and Environmental Research, State Oceanic Administration, Guangzhou 510300, China
| | - Mengmeng Tong
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, China;
| | - Siyu Gou
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Eutrophication and Control of Harmful Algal Blooms of Guangdong Higher Education Institute, Research Center of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (N.W.); (S.G.); (W.Z.)
| | - Weiji Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Eutrophication and Control of Harmful Algal Blooms of Guangdong Higher Education Institute, Research Center of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (N.W.); (S.G.); (W.Z.)
| | - Zhuoyun Xu
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, China;
| | - Tianjiu Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Eutrophication and Control of Harmful Algal Blooms of Guangdong Higher Education Institute, Research Center of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (N.W.); (S.G.); (W.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Huang H, Xu Q, Gibson K, Chen Y, Chen N. Molecular characterization of harmful algal blooms in the Bohai Sea using metabarcoding analysis. HARMFUL ALGAE 2021; 106:102066. [PMID: 34154783 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2021.102066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Although the occurrences of harmful algal blooms (HABs) have been intensifying, many HABs in coastal waters may have been neglected despite their damaging impact directly on ecology and indirectly on human and animal health. The current detection of HABs depends primarily on the water coloration, chlorophyll intensity, cell density, and mortality due to HAB toxicity. Such methods may not be adequately sensitive to detecting HABs that are relatively transient or small scale. The Bohai Sea is the largest inlet of the Yellow Sea located on the northeast coast of China and famous for shipping and marine aquacultures. HABs frequently occur in the Bohai Sea. In this study, we explored the composition, diversity, and distribution of HAB species using the metabarcoding approach. Through sequencing and the analyzing the 18S rDNA V4 region of 15 samples collected from spatially isolated sites in the Bohai Sea during an expedition in the summer of 2019, we identified 74 potential HAB species including 34 that had not been reported in the Bohai Sea in previous studies. This project provided a detailed analysis of phytoplankton composition, and molecular detection of HAB species in the Bohai Sea. In particular, these analyses revealed extremely high relative abundances of the ichthyotoxic phytoplankton species Vicicitus globosus (Dictyochophyceae) at multiple adjacent sampling sites in the Bohai Bay, which were close to the Yellow River Estuary during the expedition. The results revealed the occurrence of a potential HAB event that would be otherwise undetected using conventional methods, highlighting the sensitivity and power of metabarcoding analysis in detecting HABs and HAB species. This research suggested the value for routine and long-term monitoring of HAB species as an approach for monitoring HABs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266200, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Qing Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266200, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Kate Gibson
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Yang Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266200, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Nansheng Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266200, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia, V5A 1S6, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Comparison for ecological economic performance of Chinese sea perch (Lateolabrax Maculatus) under different aquaculture systems. AQUACULTURE AND FISHERIES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aaf.2021.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
8
|
Binzer SB, Varga E, Andersen AJC, Svenssen DK, de Medeiros LS, Rasmussen SA, Larsen TO, Hansen PJ. Karmitoxin production by Karlodinium armiger and the effects of K. armiger and karmitoxin towards fish. HARMFUL ALGAE 2020; 99:101905. [PMID: 33218431 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2020.101905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The dinoflagellate Karlodinium armiger has a huge impact on wild and caged fish during blooms in coastal waters. Recently, a new toxin, karmitoxin, was chemically characterized from K. armiger and a quantification method was established, thereby allowing investigations of the fish killing mechanism. K. armiger is not able to grow in standard growth media that are based on nitrate as a nitrogen source, and successful cultures of this species have only been achieved in mixotrophic cultures after addition of a prey source. Here we show that addition of ammonium (up to 50 µM) to the growth media is a good alternative, as K. armiger batch cultures achieve growth rates, which are comparable to growth rates reached in mixotrophic cultures. Karmitoxin production (1.9 and 2.9 pg cell-1 d-1) and cellular karmitoxin content (8.72 ± 0.25 pg cell-1 and 7.14 ± 0.29 pg cell-1) were in the same range, though significantly different, in prey-fed cultures and monocultures supplied with ammonium, respectively. Net production of karmitoxin stopped when the K. armiger cultures reached stationary growth phase, indicating no accumulation of karmitoxin in cells or growth media. Toxicity tests towards sheepshead minnow fish larvae indicated rapid death of the fish larvae when exposed to high K. armiger cell concentrations (LT50 of 2.06 h at 44.9 × 103 cells mL-1 cultivated with ammonium). Purified toxins caused the same physical damage to fish larvae as living K. armiger cultures. An exposure of purified karmitoxin to fish larvae and rainbow trout gill cells indicated that the fish larvae were about three times less sensitive than gill cells. When comparing the effect of purified toxins with the effect of whole K. armiger cultures, twice the toxin concentration of the purified toxins was needed to cause the same effect. Although a loss of karmitoxin of twenty percent was observed during the incubation, this could not explain the apparent discrepancy. Other factors, like a direct effect of the K. armiger cells on the fish larvae or other, yet unknown toxins may influence the effect of whole cell cultures. To study the effects of released karmitoxin, fish larvae were exposed to a K. armiger culture that was treated with HP-20 resin, which adsorbs extracellular karmitoxin. The 24 h HP-20 treatment resulted in a K. armiger culture that had 37% less total karmitoxin, without a reduction in cell concentration, and a reduced toxic effect was observed in the HP-20 treated culture, as compared to non-treated controls. Fish larvae that were exposed to HP-20 treated culture were immobilized, but survived during the 12 h exposure, whereas the exposure to non-treated culture led to high mortality of the fish larvae. Direct observations under the microscope revealed no evidence of micropredation of K. armiger on the fish larvae during any of the exposures. Thus, the results presented here, indicate that released karmitoxin is the main cause for fish kills by K. armiger. Finally, we found that juvenile rainbow trout were six times more sensitive than fish larvae towards K. armiger, indicating that juvenile fish are more sensitive to K. armiger in bloom situations than early larval stages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sofie Bjørnholt Binzer
- Marine Biological Section, University of Copenhagen, Strandpromenaden 5, 3000 Helsingør, Denmark
| | - Elisabeth Varga
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads 221, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Aaron John Christian Andersen
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads 221, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark; National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Daniel Killerup Svenssen
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads 221, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Lívia Soman de Medeiros
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads 221, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Silas Anselm Rasmussen
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads 221, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Thomas Ostenfeld Larsen
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads 221, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Per Juel Hansen
- Marine Biological Section, University of Copenhagen, Strandpromenaden 5, 3000 Helsingør, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Chen Q, Zhang C, Liu F, Ma H, Wang Y, Chen G. Easy detection of karlodinium veneficum using PCR-based dot chromatography strip. HARMFUL ALGAE 2020; 99:101908. [PMID: 33218434 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2020.101908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a novel detection method by PCR-based dot chromatography strip (PDCS) is proposed. To investigate the application of PDCS in the detection of harmful microalgae, the internal transcribed spacer sequence of Karlodinium veneficum, one of the most common bloom-forming species, was cloned and sequenced to design and screen specific primers with tag sequences and probes, including gold nanoparticle probe, test probe, and control probe. The PDCS was prepared manually, and PCR amplicons prepared from the genomic DNA of K. veneficum using tagged specific primers were analyzed by PDCS for visual detection of the target species. The resulting test strip showed red spots at the predicted test and control points visible to the naked eyes, showing the successful development of PDCS. This detection technique is independent of expensive experimental equipment (except a DNA thermal cycler for PCR) but requires an aliquot of PCR amplicons mixed with development buffer to apply to the sample pad of PDCS for approximately 10 min to visualize the analytical results. Cross-reactivity test with 21 microalgae, including K. veneficum, showed that the established PDCS technique has excellent specificity. The detection limit of PDCS was 9.13 × 10-2 ng μL-1 for genomic DNA and 5.3 × 105 cells L - 1 for crude DNA extracts of the target alga. In summary, the PDCS with high sensitivity and specificity can be prepared by hand, which is less expensive than traditional strip, thus providing a promising alternative to the detection of K. veneficum in natural samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qixin Chen
- College of Oceanology, Harbin Institute of Technology (Weihai), Weihai 264209, China
| | - Chunyun Zhang
- College of Oceanology, Harbin Institute of Technology (Weihai), Weihai 264209, China; School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.
| | - Fuguo Liu
- College of Oceanology, Harbin Institute of Technology (Weihai), Weihai 264209, China
| | - Hengyuan Ma
- College of Oceanology, Harbin Institute of Technology (Weihai), Weihai 264209, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- College of Oceanology, Harbin Institute of Technology (Weihai), Weihai 264209, China
| | - Guofu Chen
- College of Oceanology, Harbin Institute of Technology (Weihai), Weihai 264209, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Vidyarathna NK, Papke E, Coyne KJ, Cohen JH, Warner ME. Functional trait thermal acclimation differs across three species of mid-Atlantic harmful algae. HARMFUL ALGAE 2020; 94:101804. [PMID: 32414505 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2020.101804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Characterizing the thermal niche of harmful algae is crucial for understanding and projecting the effects of future climate change on harmful algal blooms. The effects of 6 different temperatures (18-32 °C) on the growth, photophysiology, and toxicity were examined in the dinoflagellate Karlodinium veneficum, and the raphidophytes, Heterosigma akashiwo and Chattonella subsalsa from the Delaware Inland Bays (DIB). K. veneficum and H. akashiwo had skewed unimodal growth patterns, with temperature optima (Topt) at 28.6 and 27.3 °C respectively and an upper thermal niche limit of 32 °C. In contrast, C. subsalsa growth increased linearly with temperature, suggesting Topt and upper thermal boundaries >32 °C. K. veneficum photosystem II (PSII) photochemical efficiency remained stable across all temperatures, while H. akashiwo PSII efficiency declined at higher temperature and C. subsalsa was susceptible to low temperature (~18 °C) photoinactivation. Cell toxicity thermal response was species-specific such that K. veneficum toxicity increased with temperature above Topt. Raphidophyte toxicity peaked at 25-28 °C and was in close agreement with Topt for growth in H. akashiwo but below C. subsalsa maximal growth. The mode of toxicity was markedly different between the dinoflagellate and the raphidophytes such that K. veneficum had greater hemolytic activity while the raphidophytes had pronounced fish gill cell toxicity. These results and patterns of natural abundance for these algae in the DIB suggest that continued ocean warming may contribute to C. subsalsa bloom formation while possibly promoting highly toxic blooms of K. veneficum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nayani K Vidyarathna
- School of Marine Science and Policy, University of Delaware, Lewes, DE 19958, United States
| | - Erin Papke
- School of Marine Science and Policy, University of Delaware, Lewes, DE 19958, United States
| | - Kathryn J Coyne
- School of Marine Science and Policy, University of Delaware, Lewes, DE 19958, United States
| | - Jonathan H Cohen
- School of Marine Science and Policy, University of Delaware, Lewes, DE 19958, United States
| | - Mark E Warner
- School of Marine Science and Policy, University of Delaware, Lewes, DE 19958, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Yang H, Hu Z, Shang L, Deng Y, Tang YZ. A strain of the toxic dinoflagellate Karlodinium veneficum isolated from the East China Sea is an omnivorous phagotroph. HARMFUL ALGAE 2020; 93:101775. [PMID: 32307067 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2020.101775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Karlodinium veneficum is a cosmopolitan, toxic, and harmful algal bloom-forming dinoflagellate, of which the mixotrophy has been suggested to be a key factor in the formation and maintaining of HABs and thus deserves more intensive explorations. Here, we report an investigation on the phagotrophy of K. veneficum using a clonal culture isolated from the coastal water of East China Sea. We found K. veneficum is an omnivorous phagotroph feeding on both live and dead bodies/cells of a fish (Oryzias melastigma), brine shrimp (Artemia salina), rotifer (Brachionus plicatilis), co-cultivated microalgae Akashiwo sanguinea, Margalefidinium polykrikoides, Alexandrium leei, Rhodomonas salina, Isochrysis galbana, and its own species. Karlodinium veneficum extracted the cell contents of all species provided through either a peduncle (i.e. myzocytosis) or by engulfing the whole cell of small preys (i.e. phagotrophy sensu stricto). Karlodinium veneficum preferred to ingest non-motile or newly dead preys, no matter whether they were fish, zooplankton, or phytoplankton. Importantly, K. veneficum exhibited micropredation on animals with sizes much larger than itself (fish, rotifer, and brine shrimp), especially when they were injured or newly dead. The LysoSensor- and LysoTracker-stained lysosomes or/and phagolysosomes of K. veneficum increased when preys were added. Cannibalism in K. veneficum, i.e. a cell feeds on other unhealthy or dead cells of the same species, was observed as the first time in the study, which can help the growth and elongated maintaining of the population under nutrient deficiency (i.e. the culture maintained viable in culture plates without nutrient supplement up to a year). The growth rate of K. veneficum exhibited significant positive correlation with ingestion rate, which differed among prey species, and the highest growth rate was observed when feeding on R. salina. The ingest ability of K. veneficum was triggered by nutrient deficiency. In conclusion, the omnivorous mixotrophy is proposed to be a key autecological mechanism for K. veneficum to widen its ecological niche and succeed in forming a cosmopolitan distribution and frequent blooms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huijiao Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Centre for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Zhangxi Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; Centre for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Lixia Shang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; Centre for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yunyan Deng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; Centre for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Ying Zhong Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; Centre for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Landsberg JH, Hendrickson J, Tabuchi M, Kiryu Y, Williams BJ, Tomlinson MC. A large-scale sustained fish kill in the St. Johns River, Florida: A complex consequence of cyanobacteria blooms. HARMFUL ALGAE 2020; 92:101771. [PMID: 32113602 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2020.101771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In the summer of 2010, a sustained multispecies fish kill, affecting primarily adult red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus) and Atlantic stingray (Dasyatis sabina), along with various baitfish such as menhaden (Brevoortia spp.) and shad (Dorosoma spp.), was documented for six weeks along 50 km of the Lower St. Johns River (LSJR), Florida. An Aphanizomenon flos-aquae bloom was present in the freshwater reaches before the fish kill. The kill was triggered by a significant reverse-flow event and sudden influx of high-salinity water in late May that contributed to the collapse of the bloom upstream and brought euryhaline fish downstream into the vicinity of the senescing bloom or its by-products. The decomposing bloom led to a sequence of events, including the release of small amounts of cyanotoxins, bacterial lysis of cyanobacterial cells, high organic loading, and changes in the diversity and dominance of the plankton community to include Microcystis spp., Leptolyngbya sp., Pseudanabaena spp., Planktolyngbya spp., and low concentrations of Heterosigma akashiwo. Dissolved oxygen levels were within normal ranges in the reach of the fish kill, although elevated ammonia concentrations and high pH were detected farther upstream. These conditions resulted in complex pathological changes in fish that were not consistent with acute cyanotoxin exposure or with poor water quality but were attributable to chronic lethal hemolysis. Potential sources of hemolytic activity included H. akashiwo, Microcystis spp., and Bacillus cereus, a hemolytic bacterium. The continued presence of A. flos-aquae in the LSJR could have significant environmental repercussions and ideally the causal factors contributing to bloom growth and maintenance should be fully understood and managed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan H Landsberg
- Fish and Wildlife Research Institute, Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, 100 Eighth Avenue Southeast, St. Petersburg, FL, 33701, USA.
| | - John Hendrickson
- St. Johns River Water Management District, P.O. Box 1429, Palatka, FL, 32178, USA
| | - Maki Tabuchi
- Fish and Wildlife Research Institute, Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, 100 Eighth Avenue Southeast, St. Petersburg, FL, 33701, USA
| | - Yasunari Kiryu
- Fish and Wildlife Research Institute, Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, 100 Eighth Avenue Southeast, St. Petersburg, FL, 33701, USA
| | - B James Williams
- Fish and Wildlife Research Institute, Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, 100 Eighth Avenue Southeast, St. Petersburg, FL, 33701, USA
| | - Michelle C Tomlinson
- Center for Coastal Monitoring and Assessment, National Ocean Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 1305 East-West Highway, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Huang HL, Shao QW, Zhu XJ, Luo J, Meng R, Zhou CX, Zhu P, Zhu YF, Yan XJ. Distribution of Karlodinium veneficum in the coastal region of Xiangshan Bay in the East China Sea, as detected by a real-time quantitative PCR assay of ribosomal ITS sequence. HARMFUL ALGAE 2019; 81:65-76. [PMID: 30638500 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Athecate dinoflagellate Karlodinium veneficum is a universal toxic species possessing karlotoxins recognized especially as ichthyotoxic as well as cytotoxic and hemolytic. Blooms of K. veneficum, both single-species or accompanied with other species, occurred more frequently worldwide in recent years, including the coastal region of China. Normally, K. veneficum present in relatively low abundance in phytoplankton communities in estuary regions. Being small and difficult to identify with light microscopy, it has been ignored for a long time till its blooming and toxins being confirmed. How it presents in background level and what is its relationship with critical geological and hydrological environment factors are basically not clear. In this study, the paper reports the application of a real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) method to investigate the abundance and distribution of K. veneficum in the coastal waters of Xiangshan Bay in the East China Sea (ECS), a typical bay area of harmful algae blooms and heavily affected by anthropogenic activities. The real-time qPCR assay came out being an efficient method at detecting even low cell densities of K. veneficum of different genotypes. A total of 38 field samples of surface (0.5 m) and bottom water (9-100 m in depth) were analyzed and 12 samples were found positive for K. veneficum. At least 3 genotypes of K. veneficum present in this region. Temperatures in sites of K. veneficum positive ranged from 21.7 to 23.4 °C, and salinity levels were between 21.1 and 26.3. The K. veneficum distributed quite extensively in the waters of Xiangshan Bay, cell abundance varied from a low of 4 cells/L to a maximum of 170 cells/L. Most of the samples containing K. veneficum were collected from bottom water in different sites. At three of the 19 sampling sites, K. veneficum was detected in both surface and bottom water samples. Especially at sampling site near Beilun port, where the water is typically muddy with low transparency, relative high cell numbers of K. veneficum were found in both surface and bottom waters. Mixotrophy and vertical migration of K. veneficum could be important eco-physiological factors to consider in terms of understanding these distribution characteristics. The ideal conditions for K. veneficum growth and aggregation in this area still needs further study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Long Huang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
| | - Qian-Wen Shao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; Ningbo Institute of Oceanography, Ningbo, 315832, China.
| | - Xiao-Juan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
| | - Jie Luo
- Ningbo Institute of Oceanography, Ningbo, 315832, China.
| | - Ran Meng
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
| | - Cheng-Xu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
| | - Peng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; Ningbo Institute of Oceanography, Ningbo, 315832, China.
| | - Yi-Feng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
| | - Xiao-Jun Yan
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; Ningbo Institute of Oceanography, Ningbo, 315832, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Huang HL, Zhu P, Zhou CX, He S, Yan XJ. The development of loop-mediated isothermal amplification combined with lateral flow dipstick for detection of Karlodinium veneficum. HARMFUL ALGAE 2017; 62:20-29. [PMID: 28118889 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2016.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) combined with a chromatographic lateral flow dipstick (LFD) assay to rapidly and specifically detect the Karlodinium veneficum ITS gene. Four groups of LAMP primers were specially designed to target the K. veneficum ITS gene. The LAMP-LFD detection limit was 7.4pg/μL (approximately 6.5cells/mL) of K. veneficum genomic DNA and was 10 times more sensitive than standard PCR. The LAMP-LFD method exhibited high specificity and accurately identified K. veneficum algal isolates, but not other algal isolates. To test the assay's accuracy, samples from positive results were further analyzed by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis, all of which were identified as K. veneficum. Over all, the LAMP-LFD assay established in this paper can be used as a reliable and simple method to detect the K. veneficum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Long Huang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
| | - Peng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
| | - Cheng-Xu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
| | - Shan He
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
| | - Xiao-Jun Yan
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Cai P, He S, Zhou C, Place AR, Haq S, Ding L, Chen H, Jiang Y, Guo C, Xu Y, Zhang J, Yan X. Two new karlotoxins found in Karlodinium veneficum (strain GM2) from the East China Sea. HARMFUL ALGAE 2016; 58:66-73. [PMID: 28073460 PMCID: PMC5228562 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2016.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Revised: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The dinoflagellate Karlodinium veneficum is a harmful algal bloom species with a worldwide distribution. This small athecate dinoflagellate makes a family of polyketide toxins that are hemolytic, cytotoxic and ichthyotoxic. The first chemical structure for karlotoxins from East China Sea (ECS) is reported here. The two new karlotoxins, namely 4,5-dihydro-KmTx 2 (compound 1) and 4,5-dihydro-dechloro-KmTx 2 (compound 2), were isolated and purified from monoalgal cultures of K. veneficum strain GM2. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic analysis, including tandem mass spectrometry as well as 1D and 2D NMR experiments. These new karlotoxin congeners feature a saturated polyol arm different from previously reported for KmTx 2 that appears to increase hemolytic activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pengjie Cai
- LiDakSum Marine Biopharmaceutical Research Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; Center for Collaborative Innovation, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Shan He
- LiDakSum Marine Biopharmaceutical Research Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; Center for Collaborative Innovation, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology (Ningbo University), Ministry of Education, Ningbo 315211, China.
| | - Chengxu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology (Ningbo University), Ministry of Education, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Allen R Place
- University of Maryland Center for Environmental Research, Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, 701 E. Pratt, St., Baltimore, MD 21202, USA
| | - Saddef Haq
- University of Maryland, Baltimore, Graduate School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Lijian Ding
- LiDakSum Marine Biopharmaceutical Research Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Haimin Chen
- Center for Collaborative Innovation, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Ying Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology (Ningbo University), Ministry of Education, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Cheng Guo
- Cancer Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Yaru Xu
- LiDakSum Marine Biopharmaceutical Research Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Jinrong Zhang
- LiDakSum Marine Biopharmaceutical Research Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Xiaojun Yan
- Center for Collaborative Innovation, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology (Ningbo University), Ministry of Education, Ningbo 315211, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhou C, Place AR, Yan X, Xu J, Luo Q, William E, Jiang Y. Interactions between Karlodinium veneficum and Prorocentrum donghaiense from the East China Sea. HARMFUL ALGAE 2015; 49:50-57. [PMID: 31093028 PMCID: PMC6512812 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2015.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The dinoflagellate Prorocentrum donghaiense is a dominant harmful algal bloom (HAB) species on the East China Sea (ECS) coast. The co-occurrence of Karlodinium veneficum with P. donghaiense is often observed and can later develop into dense blooms. However, the role of K. veneficum in P. donghaiense population dynamics is unknown. In the current study, three K. veneficum (GM1, GM2, and GM3) strains were isolated from the ECS with one (GM1) from a mixed, dense bloom of P. donghaiense and other HAB species. All three isolates had identical ITS sequences that were concordant with the species designation. Unique karlotoxin congeners were isolated from one strain (GM2). The sterol compositions of P. donghaiense and K. veneficum were consistent with sensitivity to karlotoxin in the former and insensitivity in the latter. Additional experimentation showed that: (1)in monocultures, higher growth rate of P. donghaiense than K. veneficum is observed in nutrient-enriched and nutrient-depleted media. In co-cultures, the growth of P. donghaiense is inhibited; (2) feeding on P. donghaiense by K. veneficum is clearly demonstrated by fluorescent dye tracking; and (3) the isolated karlotoxin is lethal to P. donghaiense in a concentration-dependent manner. From these studies we propose that K. veneficum may play a negative role in P. donghaiense bloom maintenance and that P. donghaiense may in turn be a bloom initiator as a prey item for K. veneficum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chengxu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology (Ningbo University), Ministry of Education, Ningbo, China
| | - Allen R. Place
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Xiaojun Yan
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology (Ningbo University), Ministry of Education, Ningbo, China
- Corresponding author. Tel.: +86 13968328344., (X. Yan)
| | - Jilin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology (Ningbo University), Ministry of Education, Ningbo, China
| | - Qijun Luo
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology (Ningbo University), Ministry of Education, Ningbo, China
| | - Ernest William
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ying Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology (Ningbo University), Ministry of Education, Ningbo, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Lin JN, Yan T, Zhang QC, Wang YF, Liu Q, Zhou MJ. In situ detrimental impacts of Prorocentrum donghaiense blooms on zooplankton in the East China Sea. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2014; 88:302-310. [PMID: 25242234 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Revised: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Large-scale algal blooms of the dinoflagellate Prorocentrum donghaiense have occurred frequently in the East China Sea (ECS) in recent decades. However, its impacts on the zooplankton in situ are still under not well understood. During a spring P. donghaiense bloom (April-May 2013) along the northern coast of Fujian Province (120°-121°30″E, 26°30″-28°N), we found that the bloom decreased the abundance of copepods and had no significant effect on chaetognaths and small jellyfish. However, the abundance of small jellyfish increased over the course of the study. The zooplankton community changed from being copepod and small jellyfish- to small jellyfish-dominated during the bloom. In the bloom areas, the copepod Calanus sinicus showed higher mortality and lower egg production rates (EPR) than those in the non-bloom areas. The results suggested that P. donghaiense blooms had detrimental effects on the structure of zooplankton community and the recruitments of C. sinicus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Ning Lin
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tian Yan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Qing-Chun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yun-Feng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ming-Jiang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Türkez H, Gürbüz H, Aydin E, Aslan A, Dirican E. The evaluation of the genotoxic and oxidative damage potentials of Ulothrix tenuissima (Kutz.) in vitro. Toxicol Ind Health 2011; 28:147-51. [PMID: 21632573 DOI: 10.1177/0748233711407957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Several alga species are known to produce a variety of toxic metabolites that pose a threat to aquatic organisms, animals and humans. Moreover, these metabolites have been thought to cause serious diseases including certain cancers and neurodegenerative disorders. On the other hand, Ulothrix is a genus of filamentous green algae, generally found in fresh water and marine and abundantly available in some lakes and rivers of Turkey. To our best knowledge, no study has been performed to assess the genotoxic and biochemical effects of U. tenuissima on cultured human blood cells. Therefore, in order to determine clastogenic or aneugenic effects of aqueous alga extracts the micronucleus assay was carried out. Nuclear division index (NDI) in peripheral lymphocytes was also analyzed for cytotoxicity evaluations. In addition, biochemical parameters (total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total oxidative stress (TOS)) were examined to determine oxidative effects. For this aim, we obtained heparinized blood samples from three healthy persons. The alga samples were collected from Porsuk Pond in Hasankale (Erzurum, Turkey) in summer period of the year 2010. The aqueous extracts of this species were added to cultures at different concentrations (0 to 5000 ppm) for 72 h. Our results showed that this alga did not cause any statistically important changes in the rates of studied genotoxicity endpoint. But dose-dependent alterations were observed in TAC and TOS levels and NDI rates. In conclusion, U. tenuissima was found to be non-genotoxic but caused sterility at higher concentrations due to oxidative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Türkez
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|