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Penagos-Tabares F, Khiaosa-Ard R, Faas J, Steininger F, Papst F, Egger-Danner C, Zebeli Q. A 2-year study reveals implications of feeding management and exposure to mycotoxins on udder health, performance, and fertility in dairy herds. J Dairy Sci 2024; 107:1124-1142. [PMID: 37709039 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-23476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
We recently reported the ubiquitous occurrence of mycotoxins and their secondary metabolites in dairy rations and a substantial variation in the feeding management among Austrian dairy farms. The present study aimed to characterize to which extent these factors contribute to the fertility, udder health traits, and performance of dairy herds. During 2019 and 2020, we surveyed 100 dairy farms, visiting each farm 2 times and collecting data and feed samples. Data collection involved information on the main feed ingredients, nutrient composition, and the levels of mycotoxin and other metabolites in the diet. The annual fertility and milk data of the herds were obtained from the national reporting agency. Calving interval was the target criterion for fertility performance, whereas the percentage of primiparous and multiparous cows in the herd with somatic cell counts above 200,000 cells/mL was the criterion for impaired udder health. For each criterion, herds were classified into 3 groups: high/long, mid, and low/short, with the cut-off corresponding to the <25th and >75th percentiles and the rest of the data, respectively. Accordingly, for the calving interval, the cut-offs for the long and short groups were ≥400 and ≤380 d, for the udder health in primiparous cows were ≥20% and ≤8% of the herd, and for the udder health in multiparous cows were ≥35% and ≤20% of the herd, respectively. Quantitative approaches were further performed to define potential risk factors in the herds. The high somatic cell count group had higher dietary exposure to enniatins (2.8 vs. 1.62 mg/cow per d), deoxynivalenol (4.91 vs. 2.3 mg/cow per d), culmorin (9.48 vs. 5.72 mg/cow per d), beauvericin (0.32 vs. 0.18 mg/cow per d), and siccanol (13.3 vs. 5.15 mg/cow per d), and total Fusarium metabolites (42.8 vs. 23.2 mg/cow per d) and used more corn silage in the ration (26.9% vs. 17.3% diet DM) compared with the low counterparts. Beauvericin was the most substantial contributing variable among the Fusarium metabolites, as indicated by logistic regression and modeling analyses. Logistic analysis indicated that herds with high proportions of cows with milk fat-to-protein ratio >1.5 had an increased odds for a longer calving interval, which was found to be significant for primiparous cows (odds ratio = 5.5, 95% confidence interval = 1.65-21.7). As well, herds with high proportions of multiparous cows showing levels of milk urea nitrogen >30 mg/dL had an increased odds for longer calving intervals (odds ratio = 2.96, 95% confidence interval = 1.22-7.87). In conclusion, the present findings suggest that dietary contamination of Fusarium mycotoxins (especially emerging ones), likely due to increased use of corn silage in the diet, seems to be a risk factor for impairing the udder health of primiparous cows. Mismatching dietary energy and protein supply of multiparous cows contributed to reduced herd fertility performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Penagos-Tabares
- Unit Nutritional Physiology, Institute of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Biophysics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria; Christian-Doppler-Laboratory for Innovative Gut Health Concepts in Livestock (CDL-LiveGUT), Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria; FFoQSI GmbH-Austrian Competence Centre for Feed and Food Quality, Safety and Innovation, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - R Khiaosa-Ard
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - J Faas
- DSM-BIOMIN Research Center, Tulln a.d., 3430 Donau, Austria
| | - F Steininger
- ZuchtData EDV-Dienstleistungen GmbH, 1200 Vienna, Austria
| | - F Papst
- Institute of Technical Informatics, TU Graz/CSH Vienna, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - C Egger-Danner
- ZuchtData EDV-Dienstleistungen GmbH, 1200 Vienna, Austria
| | - Q Zebeli
- Christian-Doppler-Laboratory for Innovative Gut Health Concepts in Livestock (CDL-LiveGUT), Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria; Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
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Cai G, Guerrero-Netro HM, Bian J, Oswald IP, Price C, Alassane-Kpembi I. Real-life exposure to Fusarium toxins deoxynivalenol and zearalenone triggers apoptosis and activates NLRP3 inflammasome in bovine primary theca cells. Mycotoxin Res 2023; 39:367-377. [PMID: 37423938 DOI: 10.1007/s12550-023-00499-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Cattle are deemed less susceptible to mycotoxins due to the limited internal exposure resulting from rumen microbiota activity. However, the significant amounts of Fusarium mycotoxins deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEN) frequently detected in bovine follicular fluid samples suggest that they could affect ovarian function. Both mycotoxins trigger several patterns of cell death and activate the NLRP3 inflammasome in the intestine. In vitro studies have reported a number of adverse effects on bovine oocytes. However, the biological relevance of such findings with regard to realistic concentrations of DON and ZEN in bovine follicular fluid is still not clear. Hence, it is important to better characterize the effects of dietary exposure to DON and ZEN on the bovine ovary. Using bovine primary theca cells, this study investigated the effects of real-life patterns for bovine ovary exposure to DON and ZEN, but also DON metabolite DOM-1, on cell death and NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Exposure to DON starting from 0.1 μM significantly decreased theca cell viability. The kinetics of phosphatidylserine translocation and loss of membrane integrity showed that ZEN and DON, but not DOM-1, induce an apoptotic phenotype. qPCR analysis of the expression of NLRP3, PYCARD, IL-1β, IL-18, and GSDMD in primary theca cells at concentrations of mycotoxin previously reported in cow follicular fluid clearly indicated that DON and DOM-1 individually and in mixture, but not ZEN, activate NLRP3 inflammasome. Altogether, these results suggest that real-life dietary exposure of cattle to DON may induce inflammatory disorders in the ovary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guodong Cai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
- Centre de Recherche en Reproduction Et Fertilité, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
| | - Hilda M Guerrero-Netro
- Depto. de Reproducción, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria Zootecnia, UNAM, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Jianchun Bian
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Isabelle P Oswald
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Christopher Price
- Centre de Recherche en Reproduction Et Fertilité, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
| | - Imourana Alassane-Kpembi
- Centre de Recherche en Reproduction Et Fertilité, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada.
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Deng Y, You L, Wang X, Wu W, Kuca K, Wu Q, Wei W. Deoxynivalenol: Emerging Toxic Mechanisms and Control Strategies, Current and Future Perspectives. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023. [PMID: 37437258 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c02020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is the most frequently present mycotoxin contaminant in food and feed, causing a variety of toxic effects in humans and animals. Currently, a series of mechanisms involved in DON toxicity have been identified. In addition to the activation of oxidative stress and the MAPK signaling pathway, DON can activate hypoxia-inducible factor-1α, which further regulates reactive oxygen species production and cancer cell apoptosis. Noncoding RNA and signaling pathways including Wnt/β-catenin, FOXO, and TLR4/NF-κB also participate in DON toxicity. The intestinal microbiota and the brain-gut axis play a crucial role in DON-induced growth inhibition. In view of the synergistic toxic effect of DON and other mycotoxins, strategies to detect DON and control it biologically and the development of enzymes for the biodegradation of various mycotoxins and their introduction in the market are the current and future research hotspots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Deng
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Li You
- College of Physical Education and Health, Chongqing College of International Business and Economics, Chongqing 401520, China
| | - Xu Wang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University (HZAU), Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Wenda Wu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, 500 03 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, 500 03 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
- Andalusian Research Institute in Data Science and Computational Intelligence (DaSCI), University of Granada, Granada 18071, Spain
| | - Qinghua Wu
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, 500 03 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Wei Wei
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Traceability for Agricultural Genetically Modified Organisms, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
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Reyes-Perea AD, Guerrero-Netro HM, Meza-Serrano E, Estienne A, Price CA. The Mycotoxin De-Epoxy-Deoxynivalenol (DOM-1) Increases Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Ovarian Theca Cells. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:toxins15030228. [PMID: 36977119 PMCID: PMC10057718 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15030228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a major mycotoxin present in animal feed and negatively affects growth and reproduction in farm species, including pigs and cattle. The mechanism of DON action involves the ribotoxic stress response (RSR), and it acts directly on ovarian granulosa cells to increase cell death. In ruminants, DON is metabolized to de-epoxy-DON (DOM-1), which cannot activate the RSR but has been shown to increase cell death in ovarian theca cells. In the present study, we determined if DOM-1 acts on bovine theca cells through endoplasmic stress using an established serum-free cell culture model and to assess whether also DON activates endoplasmic stress in granulosa cells. The results show that DOM-1 increased the cleavage of ATF6 protein, increased the phosphorylation of EIF2AK3, and increased the abundance of cleaved XBP1 mRNA. Activation of these pathways led to an increased abundance of mRNA of the ER stress target genes GRP78, GRP94, and CHOP. Although CHOP is widely associated with autophagy, inhibition of autophagy did not alter the response of theca cells to DOM-1. The addition of DON to granulosa cells partially increased ER stress pathways but failed to increase the abundance of mRNA of ER stress target genes. We conclude that the mechanism of action of DOM-1, at least in bovine theca cells, is through the activation of ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelica D Reyes-Perea
- Centre de Recherche en Reproduction et Fertilité (CRRF), Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
- Departamento de Reproducción, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Hilda M Guerrero-Netro
- Departamento de Reproducción, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Europa Meza-Serrano
- Centre de Recherche en Reproduction et Fertilité (CRRF), Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Anthony Estienne
- Centre de Recherche en Reproduction et Fertilité (CRRF), Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Christopher A Price
- Centre de Recherche en Reproduction et Fertilité (CRRF), Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
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Immunohistochemical Expression (IE) of Oestrogen Receptors in the Intestines of Prepubertal Gilts Exposed to Zearalenone. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:toxins15020122. [PMID: 36828436 PMCID: PMC9967477 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15020122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine if a low monotonic dose of zearalenone (ZEN) affects the immunohistochemical expression (IE) of oestrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and oestrogen receptor beta (ERβ) in the intestines of sexually immature gilts. Group C (control group; n = 18) gilts were given a placebo. Group E (experimental group; n = 18) gilts were dosed orally with 40 μg ZEN /kg body weight (BW), each day before morning feeding. Samples of intestinal tissue were collected post-mortem six times. The samples were stained to analyse the IE of ERα and Erβ in the scanned slides. The strongest response was observed in ERα in the duodenum (90.387-average % of cells with ERα expression) and in ERβ in the descending colon (84.329-average % of cells with ERβ expression); the opposite response was recorded in the caecum (2.484-average % of cells with ERα expression) and the ascending colon (2.448-average % of cells with ERα expression); on the first two dates of exposure, the digestive tract had to adapt to ZEN in feed. The results of this study, supported by a mechanistic interpretation of previous research findings, suggest that ZEN performs numerous functions in the digestive tract.
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Yuan T, Li J, Wang Y, Li M, Yang A, Ren C, Qi D, Zhang N. Effects of Zearalenone on Production Performance, Egg Quality, Ovarian Function and Gut Microbiota of Laying Hens. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14100653. [PMID: 36287922 PMCID: PMC9610152 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14100653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Zearalenone (ZEN) is a ubiquitous contaminant in poultry feed, since ZEN and its metabolites can interfere with estrogen function and affect the reproductive ability of animals. The estrogen-like effect of ZEN on mammal is widely reported, while little information is available, regarding the effect of relatively low dose of ZEN on estrogen function and production performance of laying hens, and the relationship between them. This work was aimed to investigate the effects of ZEN on the production performance, egg quality, ovarian function and gut microbiota of laying hens. A total of 96 Hy-line brown laying hens aged 25-week were randomly divided into 3 groups including basal diet group (BD group), basal diet supplemented with 250 μg/kg (250 μg/kg ZEN group) and 750 μg/kg (750 μg/kg ZEN group) ZEN group. Here, 750 μg/kg ZEN resulted in a significant increase in the feed conversion ratio (FCR) (g feed/g egg) (p < 0.05), a decrease in the egg production (p > 0.05), albumen height and Haugh unit (p > 0.05), compared to the BD group. The serum Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels significantly decreased in ZEN supplemented groups (p < 0.05). Serum Luteinizing hormone (LH) and Progesterone (P) levels in the 750 μg/kg ZEN group were significantly lower than those in the BD group (p < 0.05). 16S rRNA sequencing indicated that ZEN reduced cecum microbial diversity (p < 0.05) and altered gut microbiota composition. In contrast to 250 μg/kg ZEN, 750 μg/kg ZEN had more dramatic effects on the gut microbiota function. Spearman’s correlation analysis revealed negative correlations between the dominant bacteria of the 750 μg/kg ZEN group and the production performance, egg quality and ovarian function of hens. Overall, ZEN was shown to exert a detrimental effect on production performance, egg quality and ovarian function of laying hens in this study. Moreover, alterations in the composition and function of the gut microbiota induced by ZEN may be involved in the adverse effects of ZEN on laying hens.
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Adverse Effects of Fusarium Toxins in Ruminants: A Review of In Vivo and In Vitro Studies. DAIRY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/dairy3030035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
With an increased knowledge of the mechanism of action of Fusarium mycotoxins, the concept that these substances are deleterious only for monogastric species is obsolete. Indeed, most mycotoxins can be converted into less toxic compounds by the rumen microflora from healthy animals. However, mycotoxin absorption and its conversion to more toxic metabolites, as well as their impact on the immune response and subsequently animal welfare, reproductive function, and milk quality during chronic exposure should not be neglected. Among the Fusarium mycotoxins, the most studied are deoxynivalenol (DON), zearalenone (ZEN), and fumonisins from the B class (FBs). It is remarkable that there is a paucity of in vivo research, with a low number of studies on nutrient digestibility and rumen function. Most of the in vitro studies are related to the reproductive function or are restricted to rumen incubation. When evaluating the production performance, milk yield is used as an evaluated parameter, but its quality for cheese production is often overlooked. In the present review, we summarize the most recent findings regarding the adverse effects of these mycotoxins with special attention to dairy cattle.
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Spicer LJ, Schütz LF. Effects of grape phenolics, myricetin and piceatannol, on bovine granulosa and theca cell proliferation and steroid production in vitro. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 167:113288. [PMID: 35820639 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.113288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Myricetin (a flavonol) and piceatannol (a stilbenoid) are naturally occurring phenolic compounds in red wine with cardio-protective and anti-carcinogenic effects, but their potential reproductive effects have not been investigated. Thus, the present study was designed to determine if myricetin and piceatannol can directly affect ovarian function using bovine granulosa cells (GC) and theca cells (TC) as in vitro model systems to evaluate effects on cell proliferation and steroid production. In Experiment 1 and 2, myricetin and piceatannol at 30 μM blocked insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1)-induced progesterone production by GC without affecting GC numbers. In contrast, myricetin stimulated IGF1-induced estradiol production, whereas piceatannol at 30 μM inhibited IGF1-induced estradiol production by 90% in GC. In Experiment 3 and 4, TC androstenedione and progesterone production and TC proliferation was inhibited by myricetin and piceatannol at 30 μM. In Experiment 5, piceatannol (30 μM) reduced the Fusarium mycotoxin, beauvericin (6 μM)-induced inhibition on progesterone production and cell proliferation. Myricetin (30 μM) reduced the inhibitory effect of beauvericin on estradiol but not progesterone production or cell proliferation. In conclusion, the red wine phenols, myricetin and piceatannol, directly affected GC and TC steroidogenesis, and were able to reduce some of the inhibitory effects of beauvericin on GC function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon J Spicer
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA.
| | - Luis F Schütz
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
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Bai J, Zhou Y, Luo X, Hai J, Si X, Li J, Fu H, Dai Z, Yang Y, Wu Z. Roles of stress response-related signaling and its contribution to the toxicity of zearalenone in mammals. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2022; 21:3326-3345. [PMID: 35751400 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Zearalenone (ZEA) is a mycotoxin frequently found in cereal crops and cereal-derived foodstuffs worldwide. It affects plant productivity, and is also a serious hazard to humans and animals if being exposed to food/feed contaminated by ZEA. Studies over the last decade have shown that the toxicity of ZEA in animals is mainly mediated by the various stress responses, such as endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, oxidative stress, and others. Accumulating evidence shows that oxidative stress and ER stress signaling are actively implicated in and contributes to the pathophysiology of various diseases. Biochemically, the deleterious effects of ZEA are associated with apoptosis, DNA damage, and lipid peroxidation by regulating the expression of genes implicated in these biological processes. Despite these findings, the underlying mechanisms responsible for these alterations remain unclear. This review summarized the characteristics, metabolism, toxicity and the deleterious effects of ZEA exposure in various tissues of animals. Stress response signaling implicated in the toxicity as well as potential therapeutic options with the ability to reduce the deleterious effects of ZEA in animals were highlighted and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Companion Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yusong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Companion Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xin Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Companion Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jia Hai
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Companion Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xuemeng Si
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Companion Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Companion Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Huiyang Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Companion Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Zhaolai Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Companion Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Ying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Companion Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Zhenlong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Companion Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China.,Beijing Jingwa Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Center, #1, Yuda Road, Pinggu, Beijing, P. R. China
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Qaid MM, Abdoun KA. Safety and concerns of hormonal application in farm animal production: a review. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2022.2089149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed M. Qaid
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Thamar University, Thamar, Yemen
| | - Khalid A. Abdoun
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Chen J, Yang S, Li P, Wu A, Nepovimova E, Long M, Wu W, Kuca K. MicroRNA regulates the toxicological mechanism of four mycotoxins in vivo and in vitro. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2022; 13:37. [PMID: 35197116 PMCID: PMC8867758 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-021-00653-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycotoxins can cause body poisoning and induce carcinogenesis, often with a high mortality rate. Therefore, it is of great significance to seek new targets that indicate mycotoxin activity and to diagnose and intervene in mycotoxin-induced diseases in their early stages. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are physiological regulators whose dysregulation is closely related to the development of diseases. They are thus important markers for the occurrence and development of diseases. In this review, consideration is given to the toxicological mechanisms associated with four major mycotoxins (ochratoxin A, aflatoxin B1, deoxynivalenol, and zearalenone). The roles that miRNAs play in these mechanisms and the interactions between them and their target genes are explained, and summarize the important role of histone modifications in their toxicity. As a result, the ways that miRNAs are regulated in the pathogenicity signaling pathways are revealed which highlights the roles played by miRNAs in preventing and controlling the harmful effects of the mycotoxins. It is hoped that this review will provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and control of the damage caused by these mycotoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Chen
- College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Shuhua Yang
- College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Peng Li
- College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Aibo Wu
- SIBS-UGENT-SJTU Joint Laboratory of Mycotoxin Research, CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Eugenie Nepovimova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, 50003, Czech Republic
| | - Miao Long
- College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China.
| | - Wenda Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, 50003, Czech Republic. .,MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, 50003, Czech Republic. .,Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, 50003, Czech Republic.
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Urbanek KA, Kowalska K, Habrowska-Górczyńska DE, Domińska K, Sakowicz A, Piastowska-Ciesielska AW. In Vitro Analysis of Deoxynivalenol Influence on Steroidogenesis in Prostate. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13100685. [PMID: 34678978 PMCID: PMC8539121 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13100685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a type-B trichothecene mycotoxin produced by Fusarium species, reported to be the most common mycotoxin present in food and feed products. DON is known to affect the production of testosterone, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) in male rats, consequently affecting reproductive endpoints. Our previous study showed that DON induces oxidative stress in prostate cancer (PCa) cells, however the effect of DON on the intratumor steroidogenesis in PCa and normal prostate cells was not investigated. In this study human normal (PNT1A) and prostate cancer cell lines with different hormonal sensitivity (PC-3, DU-145, LNCaP) were exposed to DON treatment alone or in combination with dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) for 48 h. The results of the study demonstrated that exposure to DON alone or in combination with DHEA had a stimulatory effect on the release of estradiol and testosterone and also affected progesterone secretion. Moreover, significant changes were observed in the expression of genes related to steroidogenesis. Taken together, these results indicate that DON might affect the process of steroidogenesis in the prostate, demonstrating potential reproductive effects in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Anna Urbanek
- Department of Cell Cultures and Genomic Analysis, Medical University of Lodz, Zeligowskiego 7/9, 90-752 Lodz, Poland; (K.A.U.); (K.K.); (D.E.H.-G.)
| | - Karolina Kowalska
- Department of Cell Cultures and Genomic Analysis, Medical University of Lodz, Zeligowskiego 7/9, 90-752 Lodz, Poland; (K.A.U.); (K.K.); (D.E.H.-G.)
| | - Dominika Ewa Habrowska-Górczyńska
- Department of Cell Cultures and Genomic Analysis, Medical University of Lodz, Zeligowskiego 7/9, 90-752 Lodz, Poland; (K.A.U.); (K.K.); (D.E.H.-G.)
| | - Kamila Domińska
- Department of Comparative Endocrinology, Medical University of Lodz, Zeligowskiego 7/9, 90-752 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Agata Sakowicz
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Medical University of Lodz, Zeligowskiego 7/9, 90-752 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka Wanda Piastowska-Ciesielska
- Department of Cell Cultures and Genomic Analysis, Medical University of Lodz, Zeligowskiego 7/9, 90-752 Lodz, Poland; (K.A.U.); (K.K.); (D.E.H.-G.)
- Correspondence:
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13
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Xue R, Li S, Zou H, Ji D, Lv M, Zhou P, Wei Z, Zhang Z, Cao Y. Melatonin alleviates deoxynivalenol-induced apoptosis of human granulosa cells by reducing mutually accentuated FOXO1 and ER stress‡. Biol Reprod 2021; 105:554-566. [PMID: 33907797 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioab084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is one of the most prevalent Fusarium mycotoxins, which cause detrimental effects on human and animal reproductive systems by inducing oxidative stress. Increasing evidence has suggested the potential roles of melatonin in protecting granulosa cells from oxidative injury, but the underlying mechanisms remain largely elusive. Here, we demonstrated that suppression of FOXO1 and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress was engaged in melatonin-mediated protection against oxidative damage in human granulosa cells upon DON exposure in vitro. DON induced excess reactive oxygen species accumulation, cells viability loss, reduced estradiol-17β, and progesterone production in human granulosa cells, whereas melatonin ameliorated these phenotypes. Next, we found that the protective effect of melatonin against apoptosis was via reducing ER stress because the inhibition of ER stress displayed similar protective effects during DON treatment. Moreover, melatonin provided no additional protection when ER stress was inhibited. We further found that FOXO1 is a pivotal downstream effector of melatonin and ER stress in regulating DON-induced apoptosis in human granulosa cells. Blocking of FOXO1 reduced DON-induced cells death and FOXO1 activation could be suppressed by melatonin or ER stress inhibitor. However, melatonin failed to further restore cells viability in the presence of FOXO1 inhibitor. Collectively, our results reveal a new mechanism of melatonin in protecting against DON-induced apoptosis and dysfunction by suppressing ER stress and FOXO1 in human granulosa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rufeng Xue
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract (Anhui Medical University), Hefei, Anhui, China.,Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Shuhang Li
- Department of Oncology of The First Affiliated Hospital, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Huijuan Zou
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract (Anhui Medical University), Hefei, Anhui, China.,Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Dongmei Ji
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Genetics, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Biopreservation and Artificial Organs, Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Mingrong Lv
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract (Anhui Medical University), Hefei, Anhui, China.,Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Ping Zhou
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Genetics, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Biopreservation and Artificial Organs, Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zhaolian Wei
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Genetics, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Biopreservation and Artificial Organs, Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zhiguo Zhang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract (Anhui Medical University), Hefei, Anhui, China.,Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yunxia Cao
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract (Anhui Medical University), Hefei, Anhui, China.,Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
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14
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Agahi F, Juan-García A, Font G, Juan C. Study of enzymatic activity in human neuroblastoma cells SH-SY5Y exposed to zearalenone's derivates and beauvericin. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 152:112227. [PMID: 33878370 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Beauvericin (BEA), α-zearalenol (α-ZEL) and β-zearalenol (β-ZEL), are produced by several Fusarium species that contaminate cereal grains. These mycotoxins can cause cytotoxicity and neurotoxicity in various cell lines and they are also capable of produce oxidative stress at molecular level. However, mammalian cells are equipped with a protective endogenous antioxidant system formed by no-enzymatic antioxidant and enzymatic protective systems such as glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione S-transferase (GST), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). The aim of this study was evaluating the effects of α-ZEL, β-ZEL and BEA, on enzymatic GPx, GST, CAT and SOD activity in human neuroblastoma cells using the SH-SY5Y cell line, over 24 h and 48 h with different treatments at the following concentration range: from 1.56 to 12.5 μM for α-ZEL and β-ZEL, from 0.39 to 2.5 μM for BEA, from 1.87 to 25 μM for binary combinations and from 3.43 to 27.5 μM for tertiary combination. SH-SY5Y cells exposed to α-ZEL, β-ZEL and BEA revealed an overall increase in the activity of i) GPx, after 24 h of exposure up to 24-fold in individual treatments and 15-fold in binary combination; ii) GST after 24 h of exposure up to 10-fold (only in combination forms), and iii) SOD up to 3.5- and 5-fold in individual and combined treatment, respectively after 48 h of exposure. On the other hand, CAT activity decreased significantly in all treatments up to 92% after 24 h except for β-ZEL + BEA, which revealed the opposite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fojan Agahi
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100, Burjassot, València, Spain
| | - Ana Juan-García
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100, Burjassot, València, Spain.
| | - Guillermina Font
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100, Burjassot, València, Spain
| | - Cristina Juan
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100, Burjassot, València, Spain
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15
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Guerrero-Netro HM, Barreta MH, Costa E, Goetten A, Dupras R, Mills L, Koch J, Portela VM, Price CA, Chorfi Y. Effects of the mycotoxin metabolite de-epoxy-deoxynivalenol (DOM-1) on embryo development and sperm motility in cattle. J Appl Toxicol 2020; 41:1180-1187. [PMID: 33140417 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Contamination of animal feed with Fusarium spp results in accumulation of mycotoxins including deoxynivalenol. In animals, deoxynivalenol is metabolized to de-epoxy deoxynivalenol (DOM-1), which is generally considered to be a non-toxic metabolite; however, recent studies demonstrated that DOM-1 can reduce steroid production and induce apoptosis in the bovine ovary. The objectives of this study were to assess the effects of DOM-1 on applied aspects of reproductive function in cattle, specifically sperm function and embryo development in vitro and follicle growth and superovulatory responses in vivo. The effect of naturally contaminated feed on superovulatory responses was assessed; a dose of 6 ppm deoxynivalenol increased blood DOM-1 concentrations to 20 ng/ml, but this did not alter the number of viable embryos recovered on day 7. However, intrafollicular injection of DOM-1 (100 ng/ml) directly into the growing dominant follicle resulted in cessation of follicular growth over the subsequent 3 days. Treatment with DOM-1 reduced motility of bull spermatozoa over a 10-h period in vitro. Addition of DOM-1 to oocytes in vitro during IVM did not alter rates of cumulus expansion and nuclear maturation, but treatment during IVF reduced the rate of blastocyst formation. These data illustrate that DOM-1 is more biologically active than previously thought and negatively impacted reproductive outcomes in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilda M Guerrero-Netro
- Centre de recherche en reproduction et fertilité, Faculte de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
| | - Marcos H Barreta
- Laboratório de Fisiologia da Reprodução Animal - LAFRA, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Curitibanos, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Costa
- Centre de recherche en reproduction et fertilité, Faculte de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
| | - Andre Goetten
- Laboratório de Fisiologia da Reprodução Animal - LAFRA, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Curitibanos, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Raynald Dupras
- MediVet Inc. R&D division, MediVet Inc., Notre-Dame-du-Bon-Conseil, Québec, Canada
| | - Louis Mills
- MediVet Inc. R&D division, MediVet Inc., Notre-Dame-du-Bon-Conseil, Québec, Canada
| | - Julia Koch
- Laboratório de Fisiologia da Reprodução Animal - LAFRA, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Curitibanos, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Valério M Portela
- Laboratório de Fisiologia da Reprodução Animal - LAFRA, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Curitibanos, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Christopher A Price
- Centre de recherche en reproduction et fertilité, Faculte de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
| | - Younes Chorfi
- Centre de recherche en reproduction et fertilité, Faculte de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
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16
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Buszewska-Forajta M. Mycotoxins, invisible danger of feedstuff with toxic effect on animals. Toxicon 2020; 182:34-53. [PMID: 32423889 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2020.04.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Mycotoxins are low-molecular weight compounds produced mainly by fungi, with Fusarium and Aspergillus origin. Secondary, metabolites, are mostly found on plants. However, the contamination of the feed and forage has been also reported. Because of their pharmacological activity, mycotoxins can be used as chemical warfare agents, drugs or growth promotants. Additionally, mycotoxins are found as one of the most dangerous genotoxic factors which cause the damage of DNA and lead to disease development. This review includes the knowledge of mycotoxins as both, an invisible danger of forage and as food additives. Special emphasis shall be given on mycotoxins with proven cancerogenic activity; including aflatoxins, fumonisins, ochratoxins, trichothecenes, and zearalenone. Factors such as species, mechanisms/modes of action, metabolism, and defense mechanisms were taken into account. The main concern was focused on zearalenone characterization, because of its estrogenic activity, caused by structural similarity to estrogens, naturally occurring in cells. By binding to estrogenic receptors, toxins are, accumulated in organisms and long-term exposure may cause the disturbances, especially in the reproductive system. The next part of this paper contains the description of main strategies of toxins determination. Finally, in the review, several potential methods for the dioxins neutralization were discussed.
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The Effect of Different Doses of Zearalenone in Feed on the Bioavailability of Zearalenone and Alpha-Zearalenol, and the Concentrations of Estradiol and Testosterone in the Peripheral Blood of Pre-Pubertal Gilts. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12030144. [PMID: 32111008 PMCID: PMC7150765 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12030144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the effect of long-term (48 days), per os administration of specific zearalenone (ZEN) doses (20 and 40 μg ZEN/kg BW in experimental groups EI and EII, which were equivalent to 200% and 400% of the upper range limit of the no-observed-adverse-effect-level (NOAEL), respectively) on the bioavailability of ZEN and the rate of changes in estradiol and testosterone concentrations in the peripheral blood of pre-pubertal gilts. ZEN and α-ZEL levels were similar until day 28. After day 28, α-ZEL concentrations increased significantly in group EI, whereas a significant rise in ZEN levels was noted in group EII. The presence of estradiol in peripheral blood plasma was not observed until day 20 of the experiment. Spontaneous secretion of estradiol was minimal, and it was determined at very low levels of up to 10 pg/mL in EI and EII groups. Testosterone concentrations ranged from 4 to 9 ng/mL in all groups. A decrease in the concentrations of both analyzed hormones was reported in the last stage of the experiment. The results of the experiment indicate that: (i) The bioavailability of ZEN in peripheral blood has low diagnostic value, (ii) exposure to low doses of ZEN induces minor changes in the concentrations of the analyzed hormones, which could lead to situational supraphysiological hormone levels and changes in endogenous hormonal balance.
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Li L, Yang M, Li C, Yang F, Wang G. Understanding the Toxin Effects of β-Zearalenol and HT-2 on Bovine Granulosa Cells Using iTRAQ-Based Proteomics. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10010130. [PMID: 31941148 PMCID: PMC7022321 DOI: 10.3390/ani10010130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Zearalenone (ZEA) and T-2 are two important mycotoxins, which have deleterious effects on the health of humans and livestock. ZEA and its derivatives, α-zearalenol and β-zearalenol, disturb the hormonal homeostasis and lead to numerous problems in the reproductive system. The HT-2 toxin, as the primary metabolite of the T-2 toxin, exerts a series of toxic effects on humans and livestock. The T-2 toxin and its metabolite HT-2 toxin induce damages in multiple tissues, which include the reproductive system. However, toxic response profiles of these mycotoxins on bovine ovarian granulosa cells (bGCs) are unclear. In this study, we determined the importance of heat shock proteins, clarified oxidative stress, and the caspase-3 signaling cascade involved in the mycotoxin-treated toxic response. These results could provide new insights for future studies on prevention and treatment of reproductive problems caused by mycotoxins in bovines. Abstract Zearalenone (ZEA) and T-2 are the most common mycotoxins in grains and can enter the animal and human food-chain and cause many health disorders. To elucidate the toxic response profile, we stimulated bovine granulosa cells (GCs) with β-zearalenol or HT-2. Using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ)-based proteomic, 178 and 291 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs, fold change ≥ 1.3 and p-value < 0.05) in β-zearalenol and HT-2 groups were identified, respectively. Among these DEPs, there were 66 common DEPs between β-zearalenol and HT-2 groups. These 66 DEPs were associated with 23 biological processes terms, 14 molecular functions terms, and 19 cellular components terms. Most heat shock proteins (HSPs) were involved in the toxic response. Reactive oxygen species accumulation, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-stress related marker molecule (GRP78), and apoptosis were activated. β-zearalenol and HT-2 inhibited oestradiol (E2) production. These results emphasized the important function of HSPs, clarified oxidative stress, and demonstrated the caspase-3 signaling cascade involved in mycotoxin-treated toxic response, along with decreased E2 production. This study offers new insights into the toxicity of β-zearalenol and HT-2 on ovarian granulosa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Li
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-25-8439-5045; Fax: +86-25-8439-5314
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19
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Phosphatidylcholine could protect the defect of zearalenone exposure on follicular development and oocyte maturation. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 10:3486-3506. [PMID: 30472698 PMCID: PMC6286824 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Zearalenone (ZEA) is a well-known exogenous endocrine disruptor and can lead to severe negative effects on the human and animal reproductive process. Using a follicle culture model, we have previously shown that ZEA exposure significantly affected the follicular development and antrum formation but the underlying mechanisms are not well known. Therefore, in this study, we explored the metabolomic changes of granulosa cell (GC) culture media with or without ZEA exposure. The results showed that ZEA significantly increased phosphatidylcholine or phosphatidyl ethanolamine adducts in culture medium. A comprehensive analysis with the metabolome data from follicular fluid of small and large antral follicles showed that lyso phosphatidylcholine (LPC) was accumulated during follicle growth, but was depleted by ZEA exposure. Exogenous supplement with LPC to the follicle growth media or oocyte maturation media can partly protect the defect of ZEA exposure on follicular antrum formation and oocyte maturation. Taken together, our results demonstrate that ZEA exposure hinders the follicular growth and exogenous LPC can practically protect the defect of ZEA on follicular development and oocyte maturation.
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Gajęcka M, Dąbrowski M, Otrocka-Domagała I, Brzuzan P, Rykaczewska A, Cieplińska K, Barasińska M, Gajęcki MT, Zielonka Ł. Correlations between exposure to deoxynivalenol and zearalenone and the immunohistochemical expression of estrogen receptors in the intestinal epithelium and the mRNA expression of selected colonic enzymes in pre-pubertal gilts. Toxicon 2019; 173:75-93. [PMID: 31734251 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2019.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Plant-based materials used in the production of pig feed are very often contaminated with deoxynivalenol and zearalenone. Daily intake of small amounts of these mycotoxins with feed induces various subclinical states in gilts and influences different biological processes. The aim of this preclinical study was to determine the correlation between monotonic doses of zearalenone and deoxynivalenol (40 μg/kg body weight and 12 μg/kg body weight, respectively, administered over a period of 42 days) and the immunohistochemical expression of estrogen receptors in the intestinal tract and the mRNA expression of selected colonic enzymes. The immunohistochemical expression of estrogen receptor alpha was observed in the colon, but its intensity varied in different weeks of exposure. A minor increase in estrogen receptor beta expression was noted only in the colon, whereas the expression of cytochrome P450 1A1 enzyme mRNA and mRNA isoform of the glutathione S-transferase π gene decreased. The observed correlations suggest that the risk of loss of control over the biotransformation and biological activity of the parent compounds in distal intestinal mucosa is delayed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Gajęcka
- Department of Veterinary Prevention and Feed Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 13, 10-718, Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Michał Dąbrowski
- Department of Veterinary Prevention and Feed Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 13, 10-718, Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Iwona Otrocka-Domagała
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 13D, 10-718, Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Paweł Brzuzan
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Fisheries, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Słoneczna 45G, 10-719, Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Anna Rykaczewska
- Department of Veterinary Prevention and Feed Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 13, 10-718, Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Cieplińska
- Microbiology Laboratory, Non-Public Health Care Centre, ul. Limanowskiego 31A, 10-342, Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Marzena Barasińska
- Department of Veterinary Prevention and Feed Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 13, 10-718, Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Maciej T Gajęcki
- Department of Veterinary Prevention and Feed Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 13, 10-718, Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Łukasz Zielonka
- Department of Veterinary Prevention and Feed Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 13, 10-718, Olsztyn, Poland.
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In vitro effects of single and binary mixtures of regulated mycotoxins and persistent organochloride pesticides on steroid hormone production in MA-10 Leydig cell line. Toxicol In Vitro 2019; 60:272-280. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2019.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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22
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The Mycotoxin Deoxynivalenol Significantly Alters the Function and Metabolism of Bovine Kidney Epithelial Cells In Vitro. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:toxins11100554. [PMID: 31547149 PMCID: PMC6832441 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11100554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine mycotoxicosis is a disorder caused by the ingestion of fungal toxins. It is associated with chronic signs, such as reduced growth rate and milk yield, and causes significant economic cost to the dairy industry. The mycotoxins deoxynivalenol (DON), zearalenone (ZEN), and fumonisin B1 (FB1) are commonly found in grain fed to cattle. Patulin (PA) is a common grass silage contaminant but is also found in grain. The effects of these mycotoxins on cellular function at low concentrations are not well understood. Using Madin–Darby bovine kidney cells we evaluated the cellular response to these mycotoxins, measuring cytotoxicity, de novo protein synthesis, cell proliferation, cell cycle analysis, and also metabolic profiling by 1H NMR spectroscopy. DON, ZEN, and PA induced cytotoxicity, and PA and FB1 induced a decrease in metabolic activity in surviving cells. DON was the only mycotoxin found to have a significant effect on the metabolic profile, with exposed cells showing increased cellular amino acids, lactate, 2-oxoglutarate, 3-hydroxybutyrate, and UDP-N-acetylglucosamine and decreased β-alanine, choline, creatine, taurine, and myo-inositol. Cells exposed to DON also showed reductions in protein synthesis. DON has previously been documented as being a ribotoxin; the results here suggest that exposure of bovine cells to DON causes a decrease in protein synthesis with corresponding cellular accumulation of precursors. Cell proliferation was also arrested without causing apoptosis. It is likely that exposure triggers hypoxic, hypertonic, and ribotoxic responses in bovine cells, and that these responses contribute to reduced productivity in exposed cattle.
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Rai A, Das M, Tripathi A. Occurrence and toxicity of a fusarium mycotoxin, zearalenone. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2019; 60:2710-2729. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2019.1655388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Rai
- Food, Drugs and Chemical Toxicology Group, CSIR- Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) CSIR-IITR campus, Lucknow, India
| | - Mukul Das
- Food, Drugs and Chemical Toxicology Group, CSIR- Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) CSIR-IITR campus, Lucknow, India
| | - Anurag Tripathi
- Food, Drugs and Chemical Toxicology Group, CSIR- Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) CSIR-IITR campus, Lucknow, India
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Wang J, Jin Y, Wu S, Yu H, Zhao Y, Fang H, Shen J, Zhou C, Fu Y, Li R, Wang R, Wang J, Zheng K, Fan Q, Chen B, Zhang J. Deoxynivalenol induces oxidative stress, inflammatory response and apoptosis in bovine mammary epithelial cells. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2019; 103:1663-1674. [PMID: 31423645 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a toxic secondary metabolite produced by Fusarium graminearum. It is one of the most common feed contaminants that poses a serious threat to the health and performance of dairy cows. This study investigated the in vitro cytotoxicity of DON on bovine mammary epithelial cells (MAC-T). DON at different concentrations (0.25, 0.3, 0.5, 0.8, 1 or 2 μg/ml) inhibited the growth of MAC-T cells after 24 hr of exposure (p < .001). DON at 0.25 μg/ml increased lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage (p < .05); decreased glutathione (GSH) levels (p < .001), total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) activity and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC; p < .01); and increased malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration (p < .01) in MAC-T cells after 24 hr of exposure. We also observed that DON increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in cells incubated for 9, 15 and 24 hr (p < .001). DON at 0.25 μg/ml triggered oxidative damage in MAC-T cells. Furthermore, it induced an inflammatory response in the cells incubated for 9, 15 and 24 hr (p < .05) by increasing the mRNA expression levels of nuclear factor kappa B, myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, cyclooxygenase-2 and IL-8. We further examined the effect of DON on apoptosis. DON prevented normal proliferation of MAC-T cells by blocked cell cycle progression in 24 hr (p < .001). In addition, the apoptosis rate measured using annexin V-FITC significantly increased (p < .05) with increase in the mRNA expression level of Bax (p < .01) and increase in the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio (p < .01) in cells incubated for 24 hr. In summary, DON exerts toxic effects in MAC-T cells by causing oxidative stress, inducing an inflammatory response, affecting cell cycle and leading to apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junmei Wang
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yongcheng Jin
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shunlu Wu
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hao Yu
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yun Zhao
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hengtong Fang
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jinglin Shen
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Changhai Zhou
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yurong Fu
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ruihua Li
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Rui Wang
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Junxiong Wang
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Kexin Zheng
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Qingsong Fan
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Bojiong Chen
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Wang H, Zong Q, Wang S, Zhao C, Wu S, Bao W. Genome-Wide DNA Methylome and Transcriptome Analysis of Porcine Intestinal Epithelial Cells upon Deoxynivalenol Exposure. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:6423-6431. [PMID: 31013075 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b00613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a type of mycotoxin that is disruptive to intestinal and immune systems. To better understand the molecular effects of DON exposure, we performed genome-wide comparisons of DNA methylation and gene expression from porcine intestinal epithelial cell IPEC-J2 upon DON exposure using reduced representation bisulfite sequencing and RNA-seq technologies. We characterized the methylation pattern changes and found 3030 differentially methylated regions. Moreover, 3226 genes showing differential expression were enriched in pathways of protein and nucleic acid synthesis and ribosome biogenesis. Integrative analysis identified 29 genes showing inverse correlations between promoter methylation and expression. Altered DNA methylation and expression of various genes suggested their roles and potential functional interactions upon DON exposure. Our data provided new insights into epigenetic and transcriptomic alterations of intestinal epithelial cells upon DON exposure and may advance the identification of biomarkers and drug targets for predicting and controlling the toxic effects of this common mycotoxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifei Wang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design, College of Animal Science and Technology , Yangzhou University , No. 48 Wenhui East Road , Yangzhou 225009 , China
| | - Qiufang Zong
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design, College of Animal Science and Technology , Yangzhou University , No. 48 Wenhui East Road , Yangzhou 225009 , China
| | - Shiqin Wang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design, College of Animal Science and Technology , Yangzhou University , No. 48 Wenhui East Road , Yangzhou 225009 , China
| | - Chengxiang Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design, College of Animal Science and Technology , Yangzhou University , No. 48 Wenhui East Road , Yangzhou 225009 , China
| | - Shenglong Wu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design, College of Animal Science and Technology , Yangzhou University , No. 48 Wenhui East Road , Yangzhou 225009 , China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety , Yangzhou University , No. 48 Wenhui East Road , Yangzhou 225009 , China
| | - Wenbin Bao
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design, College of Animal Science and Technology , Yangzhou University , No. 48 Wenhui East Road , Yangzhou 225009 , China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety , Yangzhou University , No. 48 Wenhui East Road , Yangzhou 225009 , China
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Yang F, Li L, Chen K, Li C, Wang Y, Wang G. Melatonin alleviates β-zearalenol and HT-2 toxin-induced apoptosis and oxidative stress in bovine ovarian granulosa cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2019; 68:52-60. [PMID: 30870695 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2019.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
β-zearalenol (β-zol) and HT-2 are mycotoxins which cause apoptosis and oxidative stress in mammalian reproductive cells. Melatonin is an endogenous antioxidant involved in apoptosis and oxidative stress-related activities. This study investigated the effects of β-zol and HT-2 on bovine ovarian granulosa cells (BGCs), and how melatonin may counteract these effects. β-zol and HT-2 inhibited cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner, and induced apoptosis of BGCs. They also yielded upregulation of the apoptosis-related genes Bax/Bcl-2 and Caspase3 and phosphorylation of p38MAPK. Increases in intracellular ROS were observed along with higher levels of mRNA anti-oxidation markers SOD1, SOD2, and CAT. SOD1, SOD2, malonaldehyde (MDA), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px) activities increased, as did the levels of SOD1 and SOD2 proteins. All of these effects were reduced or entirely attenuated in BGCs pre-treated with melatonin. Our results demonstrate that melatonin has protective effects against mycotoxin-induced apoptosis and oxidative stress in BGCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangxiao Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lian Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kunlin Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chengmin Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yiru Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Genlin Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
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Effects of zearalenone and its derivatives on the synthesis and secretion of mammalian sex steroid hormones: A review. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 126:262-276. [PMID: 30825585 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Zearalenone (ZEA), a non-steroidal estrogen mycotoxin produced by several species of Fusarium fungi, can be metabolized into many other derivatives by microorganisms, plants, animals and humans. It can affect mammalian reproductive capability by impacting the synthesis and secretion of sex hormones, including testosterone, estradiol and progesterone. This review summarizes the mechanisms in which ZEA and its derivatives disturb the synthesis and secretion of sex steroid hormones. Because of its structural analogy to estrogen, ZEA and its derivatives can exert a variety of estrogen-like effects and engage in estrogen negative feedback regulation, which can result in mediating the production of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) in the pituitary gland. ZEA and its derivatives can ultimately reduce the number of Leydig cells and granulosa cells by inducing oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, cell cycle arrest, cell apoptosis, and cell regeneration delay. Additionally, they can disrupt the mitochondrial structure and influence mitochondrial functions through overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and aberrant autophagy signaling ways. Finally, ZEA and its derivatives can disturb the expressions and activities of the related steroidogenic enzymes through cross talking between membrane and nuclear estrogen receptors.
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Rong X, Sun-Waterhouse D, Wang D, Jiang Y, Li F, Chen Y, Zhao S, Li D. The Significance of Regulatory MicroRNAs: Their Roles in Toxicodynamics of Mycotoxins and in the Protection Offered by Dietary Therapeutics Against Mycotoxin-Induced Toxicity. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2018; 18:48-66. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Rong
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control of Shandong Higher Education Institutes; the College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural Univ.; Taian Shandong 271018 P. R. China
| | - Dongxiao Sun-Waterhouse
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control of Shandong Higher Education Institutes; the College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural Univ.; Taian Shandong 271018 P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences; The Univ. of Auckland; Private Bag Auckland 92019 New Zealand
| | - Dan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control of Shandong Higher Education Institutes; the College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural Univ.; Taian Shandong 271018 P. R. China
- Shandong Inst. of Pomology; Taian Shandong 271000 P. R. China
| | - Yang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control of Shandong Higher Education Institutes; the College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural Univ.; Taian Shandong 271018 P. R. China
| | - Feng Li
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control of Shandong Higher Education Institutes; the College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural Univ.; Taian Shandong 271018 P. R. China
| | - Yilun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control of Shandong Higher Education Institutes; the College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural Univ.; Taian Shandong 271018 P. R. China
| | - Shancang Zhao
- Central Laboratory of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of Test Technology on Food Quality and Safety of Shandong Province; Jinan Shandong 250100 P. R. China
| | - Dapeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control of Shandong Higher Education Institutes; the College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural Univ.; Taian Shandong 271018 P. R. China
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29
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Eze U, Routledge M, Okonofua F, Huntriss J, Gong Y. Mycotoxin exposure and adverse reproductive health outcomes in Africa: a review. WORLD MYCOTOXIN J 2018. [DOI: 10.3920/wmj2017.2261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
It is well established that mycotoxin exposure can have adverse effects on reproductive health resulting to poor reproductive potential. The most studied mycotoxin in relation to poor reproductive health in humans is aflatoxin, although fumonisins, trichothecenes and zearalenone have also been reported to impair reproductive function and cause abnormal foetal development. These potent fungal toxins contaminate many food products making them a prominent agricultural, food safety and public health challenge, especially in Africa due to little or lack of mycotoxin regulation in agricultural products. Neonates can be exposed to aflatoxins in utero, as the toxins pass from mother to the foetus through the placenta. This exposure may continue during breast feeding, to the introduction of weaning foods, and then foods taken by adults. The consequences of aflatoxin exposure in mothers, foetus and children are many, including anaemia in pregnancy, low birth weight, interference with nutrient absorption, suppression of immune function, child growth retardation and abnormal liver function. In males, reports have indicated a possible relationship between aflatoxin exposure and poor sperm quality culminating in infertility. Maternal exposure to fumonisin during early pregnancy has been associated with increased risk of neural tube defects among newborns in regions where maize is the common dietary staple with the possibility of chronic fumonisin exposure. Furthermore, zearalenone has been linked to precocious puberty and premature thelarche in girls, correlating with extremely high serum oestrogen levels. This review presents an overview of the several reports linking aflatoxins, fumonisins, trichothecenes, and zearalenone exposure to poor reproductive health outcomes in Africa, with emphasis on birth outcomes, foetal health and infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- U.A. Eze
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, Food Science Building, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Ln, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ebonyi State University, P.M.B. 053, Abakaliki, Nigeria
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Ln, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - M.N. Routledge
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Ln, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - F.E. Okonofua
- University of Medical Sciences, Ondo Medical Village, Laje Road, Ondo, Nigeria
- Centre of Excellence in Reproductive Health Innovation [CERHI], University of Benin, P.M.B 1154, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - J. Huntriss
- Division of Reproduction and Early Development, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Ln, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Y.Y. Gong
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, Food Science Building, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Ln, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
- Department of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health, 7 Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100021, China P.R
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30
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Mycotoxin contamination of food and feed in China: Occurrence, detection techniques, toxicological effects and advances in mitigation technologies. Food Control 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2018.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Robinson CL, Zhang L, Schütz LF, Totty ML, Spicer LJ. MicroRNA 221 expression in theca and granulosa cells: hormonal regulation and function. J Anim Sci 2018; 96:641-652. [PMID: 29385487 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skx069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Small noncoding RNA molecules (miRNA) regulate protein levels in a post-transcriptional manner by partial base pairing to the 3'-UTR of target genes thus mediating degradation or translational repression. Previous studies indicate that numerous miRNA regulate the biosynthesis of intraovarian hormones, and emerging evidence indicates that one of these, miRNA-221 (MIR221), may be a modulator of ovarian function. However, the hormonal control of ovarian MIR221 is not known. The objectives of this study were to investigate the developmental and hormonal regulation of MIR221 expression in granulosa (GC) and theca cell (TC) and its possible role in regulating follicular function. Bovine ovaries were collected from a local abattoir and GC and TC were obtained from small (<6 mm) and large (≥8 mm) follicles. In Exp. 1, GCs of small follicles had 9.7-fold greater (P < 0.001) levels of MIR221 than those of large follicles, and TCs of large follicles had 3.7-fold greater (P < 0.001) levels of MIR221 than those of small follicles. In large follicles, abundance of MIR221 was 66.6-fold greater (P < 0.001) in TCs than in GCs. In small follicles, MIR221 abundance did not differ (P = 0.14) between GC and TCs. In vitro Exp. 2, 3, and 4 revealed that treatment of bovine TCs with various steroids, phytoestrogens, IGF1, forskolin, and dibutyryl cyclic adenosine monophosphate had no effect (P > 0.35) on MIR221 expression, whereas treatment with fibroblast growth factor 9 (FGF9) and FGF2 increased (P < 0.001) TC MIR221 abundance 1.7- to 2.5-fold. In Exp. 5, FGF9 increased (P < 0.05) GC MIR221 abundance by 1.7- and 2.0-fold in small and large follicles, respectively. The role of MIR221 in GC steroidogenesis was investigated in Exp. 6 and it was found that transfection with a MIR221 mimic reduced (P < 0.01) GC estradiol and progesterone production induced by FSH and IGF1, whereas transfection with MIR221 inhibitor had little or no effect. We conclude that thecal MIR221 expression is increased by FGF9 and increased MIR221 may act to inhibit GC steroidogenesis in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lingna Zhang
- Department of Animal Science, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK
| | - Luis F Schütz
- Department of Animal Science, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK
| | - Morgan L Totty
- Department of Animal Science, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK
| | - Leon J Spicer
- Department of Animal Science, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK
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Bertero A, Moretti A, Spicer LJ, Caloni F. Fusarium Molds and Mycotoxins: Potential Species-Specific Effects. Toxins (Basel) 2018; 10:E244. [PMID: 29914090 PMCID: PMC6024576 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10060244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This review summarizes the information on biochemical and biological activity of the main Fusarium mycotoxins, focusing on toxicological aspects in terms of species-specific effects. Both in vitro and in vivo studies have centered on the peculiarity of the responses to mycotoxins, demonstrating that toxicokinetics, bioavailability and the mechanisms of action of these substances vary depending on the species involved, but additional studies are needed to better understand the specific responses. The aim of this review is to summarize the toxicological responses of the main species affected by Fusarium mycotoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Bertero
- Department of Veterinary Medicine (DIMEVET), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Antonio Moretti
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council of Italy, Via Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy.
| | - Leon J Spicer
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA.
| | - Francesca Caloni
- Department of Veterinary Medicine (DIMEVET), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, Italy.
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Urbanek KA, Habrowska-Górczyńska DE, Kowalska K, Stańczyk A, Domińska K, Piastowska-Ciesielska AW. Deoxynivalenol as potential modulator of human steroidogenesis. J Appl Toxicol 2018; 38:1450-1459. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.3623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Anna Urbanek
- Laboratory of Cell Cultures and Genomic Analysis, Department of Comparative Endocrinology; Medical University of Lodz; Poland
| | | | - Karolina Kowalska
- Laboratory of Cell Cultures and Genomic Analysis, Department of Comparative Endocrinology; Medical University of Lodz; Poland
| | - Anna Stańczyk
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology; Medical University of Lodz; Poland
| | - Kamila Domińska
- Department of Comparative Endocrinology; Medical University of Lodz; Poland
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Guerrero-Netro HM, Estienne A, Chorfi Y, Price CA. The mycotoxin metabolite deepoxy- deoxynivalenol increases apoptosis and decreases steroidogenesis in bovine ovarian theca cells†. Biol Reprod 2017; 97:746-757. [DOI: 10.1093/biolre/iox127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
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35
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Albonico M, Schutz LF, Caloni F, Cortinovis C, Spicer LJ. In vitro effects of the Fusarium mycotoxins fumonisin B1 and beauvericin on bovine granulosa cell proliferation and steroid production. Toxicon 2017; 128:38-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2017.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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36
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Zhang GL, Sun XF, Feng YZ, Li B, Li YP, Yang F, Nyachoti CM, Shen W, Sun SD, Li L. Zearalenone exposure impairs ovarian primordial follicle formation via down-regulation of Lhx8 expression in vitro. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2017; 317:33-40. [PMID: 28089945 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2017.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Zearalenone (ZEA) is an estrogenic mycotoxin mainly produced as a secondary metabolite by numerous species of Fusarium. Previous work showed that ZEA had a negative impact on domestic animals with regard to reproduction. The adverse effects and the mechanisms of ZEA on mammalian ovarian folliculogenesis remain largely unknown, particularly its effect on primordial follicle formation. Thus, we investigated the biological effects of ZEA exposure on murine ovarian germ cell cyst breakdown and primordial follicle assembly. Our results demonstrated that newborn mouse ovaries exposed to 10 or 30μM ZEA in vitro had significantly less germ cell numbers compared to the control group. Moreover, the presence of ZEA in vitro increased the numbers of TUNEL and γH2AX positive cells within mouse ovaries and the ratio of mRNA levels of the apoptotic genes Bax/Bcl-2. Furthermore, ZEA exposure reduced the mRNA of oocyte specific genes such as LIM homeobox 8 (Lhx8), newborn ovary homeobox (Nobox), spermatogenesis and oogenesis helix-loop-helix (Sohlh2), and factor in the germline alpha (Figlα) in a dose dependent manner. Exposure to ZEA led to remarkable changes in the Lhx8 3'-UTR DNA methylation dynamics in oocytes and severely impaired folliculogenesis in ovaries after transplantation under the kidney capsules of immunodeficient mice. In conclusion, ZEA exposure impairs mouse primordial follicle formation in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Liang Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Sun
- Institute of Reproductive Sciences, College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong 266109, China
| | - Yan-Zhong Feng
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, China
| | - Bo Li
- Chengguo Station of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Laizhou 261437, China
| | - Ya-Peng Li
- Institute of Reproductive Sciences, College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong 266109, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Institute of Reproductive Sciences, College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong 266109, China
| | | | - Wei Shen
- Institute of Reproductive Sciences, College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong 266109, China
| | - Shi-Duo Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Lan Li
- Institute of Reproductive Sciences, College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong 266109, China.
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Kowalska K, Habrowska-Górczyńska DE, Piastowska-Ciesielska AW. Zearalenone as an endocrine disruptor in humans. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2016; 48:141-149. [PMID: 27771507 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2016.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/16/2016] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Zearalenone (ZEA), a fungal mycotoxin, is present in a wide range of human foods. Many animal studies have found ZEA to possess a disruptive effect on the hormonal balance, mainly due to its similarity to naturally-occurring estrogens. With increasing consciousness of the adverse effects of endocrine disruptors on human health, it is becoming more important to monitor ZEA concentrations in food and identify its potential effects on human health. Based on a review of recent studies on animal models and molecular pathways in which ZEA is reported to have an influence on humans, we postulate that ZEA might act as an endocrine disruptor in humans in a similar way to animals. Moreover, its endocrine-disrupting effect might be also a causative factor in carcinogenesis. This review article summarizes the latest knowledge about the influence of ZEA on the human hormonal balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Kowalska
- Department of Comparative Endocrinology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Postgraduate Training, Medical University of Lodz, Zeligowskiego 7/9, Lodz 90-752, Poland
| | - Dominika Ewa Habrowska-Górczyńska
- Department of Comparative Endocrinology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Postgraduate Training, Medical University of Lodz, Zeligowskiego 7/9, Lodz 90-752, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Wanda Piastowska-Ciesielska
- Department of Comparative Endocrinology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Postgraduate Training, Medical University of Lodz, Zeligowskiego 7/9, Lodz 90-752, Poland.
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Gajęcka M, Tarasiuk M, Zielonka Ł, Dąbrowski M, Nicpoń J, Baranowski M, Gajęcki MT. Changes in the metabolic profile and body weight of pre-pubertal gilts during prolonged monotonic exposure to low doses of zearalenone and deoxynivalenol. Toxicon 2016; 125:32-43. [PMID: 27840141 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2016.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine whether exposure to low doses of ZEN + DON induces changes in serum biochemical and hematological parameters in pre-pubertal gilts. In the evaluated groups, minor but statistically significant changes were noted in selected serum biochemical parameters, including glucose, total cholesterol, ALT, AST, AP, total bilirubin, Pin, Fe, K and Cl, and in hematological parameters, including WBC, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes, Ht, Hb, MCHC, HDW and PLT. A statistical analysis of the results revealed significant differences between groups in the values of WBC, eosinophils, basophils, Hb, Ht, PLT, glucose, ALT, AP, total bilirubin, Fe and K. Change trends were noted mainly in weeks II and V-VI. An analysis of the metabolic profile of pre-pubertal gilts exposed to ZEN + DON indicates that homeostasis and biotransformation of ZEN + DON can be toned down at the expense of the animals' energy reserves. Body weight gains were lower in group E, and BW gains were not observed in weeks II and VI. The activity levels of gilts decreased in the first weeks of exposure (I and II), but the drop was minimized by a compensatory effect, or in the last two weeks of exposure due to nutrient deficiency or insufficient supply of protein and energy with feed and feed additives, which decreased BW gains. Low doses of mycotoxins induce completely different changes in the metabolic test than higher doses. The above can probably be attributed to: (i) a negative compensatory effect, (ii) initiation of adaptive mechanisms and stimulation of the immune system, probably due to the allergizing properties of mycotoxins, (iii) excessive loss of energy and protein due to more effective feed utilization, or (iv) involvement in detoxification processes which leads to fatigue. Depending on the body's energy stores, the above processes tend to tone down the biotransformation of low doses of the examined mycotoxins but in the present study, the BW of gilts did not increase under exposure to a combination of ZEN + DON.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Gajęcka
- Department of Epizootiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 13/01, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland; Department of Veterinary Prevention and Feed Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 13/29, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Michał Tarasiuk
- Boehringer Ingelheim Sp. z o.o., Wolska 5, 02-675 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Łukasz Zielonka
- Department of Veterinary Prevention and Feed Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 13/29, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Michał Dąbrowski
- Department of Veterinary Prevention and Feed Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 13/29, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Jakub Nicpoń
- Department and Clinic of Veterinary Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-366 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Mirosław Baranowski
- Department of Veterinary Prevention and Feed Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 13/29, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Maciej Tadeusz Gajęcki
- Department of Veterinary Prevention and Feed Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 13/29, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland.
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Albonico M, Schütz LF, Caloni F, Cortinovis C, Spicer LJ. Toxicological effects of fumonisin B1 alone and in combination with other fusariotoxins on bovine granulosa cells. Toxicon 2016; 118:47-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2016.04.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 04/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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