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Schinkel L, Eberhard Y, Maccagnan A, Berg M, McArdell CS. Antibiotics and other micropollutants in Swiss sewage sludge and fecal compost. CHEMOSPHERE 2025; 375:144216. [PMID: 40015012 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2024] [Revised: 01/13/2025] [Accepted: 02/10/2025] [Indexed: 03/01/2025]
Abstract
Antibiotics are of environmental concern. Their concentrations in the aquatic environment are frequently studied, while their occurrence in human excreta-derived fertilizers is less investigated. Therefore, levels of antibiotics, preservatives with antimicrobial properties, and various other micropollutants were determined in sewage sludge and in human fecal compost. Digested sludge of 29 Swiss wastewater treatment plants was analyzed, representing about 2.6 Mio people (30% of the Swiss population). This was compared with residues found in compost with dry toilet content after thermophilic composting, representing about 10 000 people. Fluoroquinolones and preservatives dominate in Swiss sewage sludge with weighted mean concentrations of 6500 μg kg-1 and 2300 μg kg-1. Levels of macrolides (240 μg kg-1), β-lactam transformation products (35 μg kg-1) and sulfonamides (15 μg kg-1) were lower. Pollution patterns in digested sewage sludge were relatively constant throughout Switzerland. Levels of contamination in fecal compost were approximately 30 times lower than in sewage sludge. Pollution patterns differed between compost and sludge. Chemicals used in down-the-drain-applications (e.g., preservatives from personal care products or corrosion inhibitors) are less relevant in compost. Based on the Swiss consumption and excretion data, a mass flow analysis was carried out for antibiotics and pharmaceuticals in sludge and compost. The mass flow analysis in sludge showed a good agreement of predicted and measured concentrations for compounds that tend to sorb to organic matter (e.g., fluoroquinolones). Currently, there is no specific legislation that regulates the use of fecal compost from dry toilets as fertilizer. However, the one to two order of magnitude lower levels of contaminants in fecal compost compared to sludge and manure indicate a lower environmental risk when applying it as fertilizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Schinkel
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, CH-8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland.
| | - Yves Eberhard
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, CH-8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Maccagnan
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, CH-8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Michael Berg
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, CH-8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Christa S McArdell
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, CH-8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland.
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Schinkel L, Lara-Martín PA, Giger W, Hollender J, Berg M. Synthetic surfactants in Swiss sewage sludges: Analytical challenges, concentrations and per capita loads. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 808:151361. [PMID: 34808174 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Surfactants are high-production-volume chemicals that are among the most abundant organic pollutants in municipal wastewater. In this study, sewage sludge samples of 36 Swiss wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), serving 32% of the country's population, were analyzed for major surfactant classes by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The analyses required a variety of complementary approaches due to different analytical challenges, including matrix effects (which can affect adduct ion formation) and the lack of reference standards. The most abundant contaminants were linear alkylbenzene sulfonates (LAS; weighted mean [WM] concentration of 3700 μg g-1 dry weight), followed by secondary alkane sulfonates (SAS; 190 μg g-1). Alcohol polyethoxylates (AEO; 8.3 μg g-1), nonylphenol polyethoxylates (NPEO; 16 μg g-1), nonylphenol (NP; 3.1 μg g-1), nonylphenol ethoxy carboxylates (NPEC; 0.35 μg g-1) and tert-octylphenol (tert-OP, 1.8 μg g-1) were present at much lower concentrations. This concentration pattern agrees with the production volumes of the surfactants and their fates in WWTPs. Branched AEO homologues dominated over linear homologues, probably due to higher persistence. Sludge concentrations of LAS, SAS, and NP were positively correlated with the residence time in the anaerobic digester. Derivation of the per capita loads successfully revealed potential industrial/commercial emission sources. Comparison of recent versus historic data showed a decrease in NPEO and NP levels by one or two orders of magnitude since their ban in the 1980s. By contrast, LAS still exhibit similar concentrations compared to 30 years ago.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Schinkel
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland.
| | - Pablo A Lara-Martín
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cadiz, Puerto Real 11510, Spain
| | - Walter Giger
- Giger Research Consulting, 8049 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Juliane Hollender
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland; Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics (IBP), ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Berg
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland.
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López-Prieto A, Moldes AB, Cruz JM, Pérez-Cid B. Solubilization of cuprous oxide in water using biosurfactant extracts from corn steep liquor: a comparative study. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2695. [PMID: 35177682 PMCID: PMC8854742 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06386-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work the chemical characterization (elemental analysis and the content of phospholipids) and surface-active properties of two biosurfactants (BS) extracted with both chloroform or ethyl acetate from corn steep liquor were compared. The phospholipids content for the BS extracted with chloroform (BS1) was considerably higher (8.15%) than that obtained for the BS extracted with ethyl acetate (BS2), 0.11%. When comparing the FTIR spectra of the two BS studied in this work with the spectrum of the commercial surfactant lecithin, a greater similarity (75%) was observed with the spectrum of the BS1. The biosurfactant extract (BS2) provided the most favorable conditions for the solubilization of cuprous oxide (Cu-Ox) in water (12.54% of copper dissolved), in comparison with BS1. The results achieved were considerably better than those obtained with chemical surfactants (Tween 80, SDS and CTAB) on solubilizing Cu-Ox, resulting in the latter cases on percentages of Cu dissolved always lower than 0.21%. In addition, a factorial design was performed obtaining the optimum conditions to solubilize Cu-Ox, where the maximum water solubility of Cu-Ox (13.17%) was achieved using 3.93 g/L of BS2 with a contact time of 19.86 min and using a concentration of Cu-Ox of 1.96 g/L. Thus, the BS2 extract could have a promising future as solubilizing agent in the formulation of more sustainable Cu-Ox based pesticides. Moreover, it was confirmed that the presence of phospholipids prevents the solubilization of copper-based pesticides in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- A López-Prieto
- Chemical Engineering Department, School of Industrial Engineering - Centro de CINTECX, University of Vigo, Campus As Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310, Vigo, Spain
| | - A B Moldes
- Chemical Engineering Department, School of Industrial Engineering - Centro de CINTECX, University of Vigo, Campus As Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310, Vigo, Spain.
| | - J M Cruz
- Chemical Engineering Department, School of Industrial Engineering - Centro de CINTECX, University of Vigo, Campus As Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310, Vigo, Spain
| | - B Pérez-Cid
- Food and Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vigo, Campus As Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310, Vigo, Spain
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Jiang Y, Yin X, Xi X, Guan D, Sun H, Wang N. Effect of surfactants on the transport of polyethylene and polypropylene microplastics in porous media. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 196:117016. [PMID: 33735622 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The transport of microplastics in porous media is attracting increasing attention. However, to date, research is limited to polystyrene microplastics. Meanwhile, surfactants can promote solid dispersion to form a stable suspension, possibly allowing microplastics to migrate when attached to a surfactant, which would increase the scope and degree of microplastic pollution, further endangering human health and the stability of the ecological environment. Therefore, in this study, the transport behavior of microplastics in porous media was explored in the presence of surfactants. Herein, polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP) were evaluated while dispersed by two ionic surfactants: cationic surfactant-cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and anionic surfactant-sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (SDBS). The influence of different factors (surfactant concentration, ionic strength, pH, flow rate, and multivalent cations) on the transport of microplastics in porous media was explored via quartz sand packed-column experiments. Our experimental results show that the transport abilities of PE and PP increased with increasing surfactant concentration when the surfactant concentration was less than the critical micelle concentration (CMC). In the presence of CTAB and SDBS, physicochemical factors had different effects on the transport of microplastics mainly by controlling Zeta potential, advection diffusion and CMC. The mobility of PE and PP decreased with increasing ionic strength, cation valence and pH, and decreasing flow rate. However, the mobility of PE and PP under CTAB is much greater than that of PE and PP under SDBS, because quartz sand can absorb more CTAB molecules through electrostatic attraction to weaken the collision between microplastics and quartz sand. Further, the transport ability of PP was greater than that of PE under all conditions considered. Notably, the Extended-Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (XDLVO) theory formed by adding osmotic, elastic, and hydrophobic force could well described the migration behavior of microplastics in CTAB and SDBS well. This research highlights that surfactant has a significant impact on the transport ability of microplastics, and provides a comprehensive understanding of the migration and fate behaviors of microplastics affected by surfactants, which is necessary to prevent and reduce the environmental hazards of microplastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanji Jiang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China 712100
| | - Xianqiang Yin
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China 712100; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling, China 712100.
| | - Xianglong Xi
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China 712100
| | - Duo Guan
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China 712100
| | - Huimin Sun
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China 712100; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling, China 712100
| | - Nong Wang
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China Tianjin, China 300191
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Exploring the Role of Bacterial Extracellular Polymeric Substances for Sustainable Development in Agriculture. Curr Microbiol 2020; 77:3224-3239. [PMID: 32876713 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-020-02169-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The incessant need to increase crop yields has led to the development of many chemical fertilizers containing NPK (nitrogen-phosphorous-potassium) which can degrade soil health in the long term. In addition, these fertilizers are often leached into nearby water bodies causing algal bloom and eutrophication. Bacterial secondary metabolites exuded into the extracellular space, termed extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) have gained commercial significance because of their biodegradability, non-toxicity, and renewability. In many habitats, bacterial communities faced with adversity will adhere together by production of EPS which also serves to bond them to surfaces. Typically, hygroscopic, EPS retain moisture in desiccating conditions and modulate nutrient exchange. Many plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPR) combat harsh environmental conditions like salinity, drought, and attack of pathogens by producing EPS. The adhesive nature of EPS promotes soil aggregation and restores moisture thus combating soil erosion and promoting soil fertility. In addition, these molecules play vital roles in maintaining symbiosis and nitrogen fixation thus enhancing sustainability. Thus, along with other commercial applications, EPS show promising avenues for improving agricultural productivity thus helping to address land scarcity as well as minimizing environmental pollution.
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Nejumal KK, Dineep D, Mohan M, Krishnan KP, Aravind UK, Aravindakumar CT. Presence of bisphenol S and surfactants in the sediments of Kongsfjorden: a negative impact of human activities in Arctic? ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2017; 190:22. [PMID: 29243078 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-017-6383-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Pollution and fate of pollutants in polar region are important topics of investigation in the last several decades. We have analysed sediment samples from Kongsfjorden and Krossfjorden, two sites from Arctic region, and detected a number of emerging contaminants (ECs) using high-resolution mass spectrometry connected to UPLC (LC-Q-ToF-MS). Out of the seven sampling sites selected, bisphenol S (BPS), an identified pollutant and plasticiser, was detected and quantified in three sediment samples from Kongsfjorden (≈ 0.2 ppm). Four major surfactants (decylbenzenesulphonic acid, undecylbenzenesulphonic acid, 2-dodecylbenzenesulphonic acid and tridecylbenzenesulphonic acid) were also identified. A possible metabolite of BPS (sulphur trioxide derivative of BPS) was identified in one of the samples. It is proposed that the presence of ECs is the result of human activities in the region for a long time. To the best our knowledge, this is the first report on the identification of BPS and surfactants in the Arctic region.
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Affiliation(s)
- K K Nejumal
- School of Environmental Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, 686560, India
| | - D Dineep
- School of Environmental Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, 686560, India
- Inter University Instrumentation Centre, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, 686560, India
| | - Mahesh Mohan
- School of Environmental Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, 686560, India
| | - K P Krishnan
- NCAOR, MoES, Headland Sada, Vasco da Gama, Goa, 403804, India
| | - U K Aravind
- Advanced Centre of Environmental Studies and Sustainable Development, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, 686560, India
| | - C T Aravindakumar
- School of Environmental Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, 686560, India.
- Inter University Instrumentation Centre, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, 686560, India.
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Fernández-Ramos C, Rodríguez-Gómez R, Reis MS, Zafra-Gómez A, Verge C, de Ferrer JA, Pérez-Pascual M, Vílchez JL. Sorption, degradation and transport phenomena of alcohol ethoxysulfates in agricultural soils. Laboratory studies. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 171:661-670. [PMID: 28061424 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.12.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, laboratory studies were conducted in order to determine and model the sorption, degradation and transport processes of alcohol ethoxysulfates (AES), one of the most important groups of anionic surfactants. Adsorption/desorption isotherms were obtained for several structurally related AES ethoxymers (homologue AES-C12En with n = 0-10 ethoxymer units and homologue AES-C14En with n = 0-7 ethoxymer units) using a batch equilibrium method. Data were fitted to a linear and a Freundlich isotherm models. Additionally, experiments in continuous-flow soil columns were also carried out and the breakthrough curves observed for each compound were studied. Breakthrough curves were used to determine the fundamental parameters of the transport model (hydrodynamic dispersion coefficient, degradation rate constant and adsorption/desorption isotherm slope), that is the main phenomena that take place simultaneously when AES move through agricultural soil. When the results obtained for the AES ethoxymers are combined, they reveal a clear and consistent trend towards a sorption increase with the number of ethoxylated units and with the length of the alkyl chain that opens the possibility to estimate the values of the transport parameters for other structurally related ethoxymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Fernández-Ramos
- Research Group of Analytical Chemistry and Life Sciences, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
| | - R Rodríguez-Gómez
- Research Group of Analytical Chemistry and Life Sciences, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - M S Reis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - A Zafra-Gómez
- Research Group of Analytical Chemistry and Life Sciences, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
| | - C Verge
- Cepsa Química, Avenida del Partenón 12, E-28042, Madrid, Spain
| | - J A de Ferrer
- Cepsa Química, Avenida del Partenón 12, E-28042, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Pérez-Pascual
- Cepsa Química, Avenida del Partenón 12, E-28042, Madrid, Spain
| | - J L Vílchez
- Research Group of Analytical Chemistry and Life Sciences, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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Liu H, Shao B, Long X, Yao Y, Meng Q. Foliar penetration enhanced by biosurfactant rhamnolipid. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2016; 145:548-554. [PMID: 27281240 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.05.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2015] [Revised: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
With recent environmental and health concerns, biosurfactants have obtained increasing interest in replacing conventional surfactants for diverse applications. In agriculture, the use of surfactant in stimulating foliar uptake is mainly for wetting leaf surface, resisting deposition/evaporation, enhancing penetration across cuticular membrane (CM) and translocation. This paper aimed to address the improved foliar uptake by rhamnolipid (RL) in comparison with the currently used alkyl polyglucoside (APG). As found, compared with APG at 900mg/L (1×critical micellar concentration, CMC), RL at a much lower concentration of 50mg/L (1×CMC) showed much better wettability and surface activity, indicative of its high effectiveness as surfactants. Its performance on resistance to deposition and evaporation was at least as same as APG. Moreover, RL could significantly improve the penetration of herbicide glyphosate and other two small water-soluble molecules (phenol red and Fe(2+)) across CM at an equivalent efficiency as APG at 1×CMC. Finally, the greatly enhanced herbicidal actitivity of glyphosate on greenhouse plants confirmed that RL and APG could both enhance the foliar uptake including translocation. Overall, RL should be more applicable than APG in agriculture due to its more promising properties on health/environmental friendliness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haojing Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Bing Shao
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Xuwei Long
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Yang Yao
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Qin Meng
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China.
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Jardak K, Drogui P, Daghrir R. Surfactants in aquatic and terrestrial environment: occurrence, behavior, and treatment processes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:3195-216. [PMID: 26590059 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5803-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Surfactants belong to a group of chemicals that are well known for their cleaning properties. Their excessive use as ingredients in care products (e.g., shampoos, body wash) and in household cleaning products (e.g., dishwashing detergents, laundry detergents, hard-surface cleaners) has led to the discharge of highly contaminated wastewaters in aquatic and terrestrial environment. Once reached in the different environmental compartments (rivers, lakes, soils, and sediments), surfactants can undergo aerobic or anaerobic degradation. The most studied surfactants so far are linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS), quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs), alkylphenol ethoxylate (APEOs), and alcohol ethoxylate (AEOs). Concentrations of surfactants in wastewaters can range between few micrograms to hundreds of milligrams in some cases, while it reaches several grams in sludge used for soil amendments in agricultural areas. Above the legislation standards, surfactants can be toxic to aquatic and terrestrial organisms which make treatment processes necessary before their discharge into the environment. Given this fact, biological and chemical processes should be considered for better surfactants removal. In this review, we investigate several issues with regard to: (1) the toxicity of surfactants in the environment, (2) their behavior in different ecological systems, (3) and the different treatment processes used in wastewater treatment plants in order to reduce the effects of surfactants on living organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Jardak
- Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS-Eau Terre et Environnement), Université du Québec, 490 rue de la Couronne, Québec, Qc, G1K 9A9, Canada.
| | - P Drogui
- Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS-Eau Terre et Environnement), Université du Québec, 490 rue de la Couronne, Québec, Qc, G1K 9A9, Canada.
| | - R Daghrir
- Researcher in Water Technology Center, 696 avenue Sainte-Croix, Montréal, Québec, H4L 3Y2, Canada.
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Gorga M, Insa S, Petrovic M, Barceló D. Analysis of endocrine disrupters and related compounds in sediments and sewage sludge using on-line turbulent flow chromatography–liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1352:29-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Revised: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Multi-residue method for the analysis of commonly used commercial surfactants, homologues and ethoxymers, in marine sediments by liquid chromatography-electrospray mass spectrometry. Microchem J 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2013.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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12
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Potentiometric Determination of Alkyl Dimethyl Hydroxyethyl Ammonium Surfactant by a New Chemically Modified Carbon Past Electrode. J SURFACTANTS DETERG 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11743-013-1498-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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13
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Injection Port Derivatization for GC/MS–MS. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-62623-3.00005-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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14
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Patureau D, Delgenes N, Muller M, Dagnino S, Lhoutellier C, Delgenes JP, Balaguer P, Hernandez-Raquet G. Chemical and toxicological assessment of a full-scale biosolid compost. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2012; 31:2748-2756. [PMID: 22949087 DOI: 10.1002/etc.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2012] [Revised: 05/15/2012] [Accepted: 08/01/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The impact of a full-scale biosolid composting plant on the fate of a broad range of priority organic pollutants was investigated. Chemical analysis was performed at different steps of the process during two seasons. Simultaneously, the toxicological quality was assessed using estrogen α-, dioxin-, and pregnane X-receptor reporter cell lines. Mass-balance calculation highlighted the removal of easily degradable pollutants during composting. The important variations observed for each compound and for the two seasons might be explained by pollutant-fate dependency on process parameters like temperature. The final compost displayed low pregnane X activity but high estrogenic activity. The dioxin-like activity stayed constant through the process. The chemical and toxicological results highlight the importance of combining both approaches to accurately assess the compost quality. Such compilation of data on full-scale processes may be also very helpful for the environmental risk assessment of new organic waste disposal practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Patureau
- INRA, UR050, Laboratoire de Biotechnologie de l'Environnement, Narbonne, France.
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Bergé A, Cladière M, Gasperi J, Coursimault A, Tassin B, Moilleron R. Meta-analysis of environmental contamination by alkylphenols. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2012; 19:3798-819. [PMID: 22864754 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-012-1094-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2012] [Accepted: 07/16/2012] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Alkylphenols and alkylphenol ethoxylates (APE) are toxics classified as endocrine-disrupting compounds; they are used in detergents, paints, herbicides, pesticides, emulsifiers, wetting and dispersing agents, antistatic agents, demulsifiers, and solubilizers. Many studies have reported the occurrence of alkylphenols in different environmental matrices, though none of these studies have yet to establish a comprehensive overview of such compounds in the water cycle within an urban environment. This review summarizes APE concentrations for all environmental media throughout the water cycle, from the atmosphere to receiving waters. Once the occurrence of compounds has been assessed for each environmental compartment (urban wastewater, wastewater treatment plants [WWTP], atmosphere, and the natural environment), data are examined in order to understand the fate of APE in the environment and establish their geographical and historical trends. From this database, it is clear that the environment in Europe is much more contaminated by APE compared to North America and developing countries, although these APE levels have been decreasing in the last decade. APE concentrations in the WWTP effluent of developed countries have decreased by a factor of 100 over the past 30 years. This study is aimed at identifying both the correlations existing between environmental compartments and the processes that influence the fate and transport of these contaminants in the environment. In industrial countries, the concentrations observed in waterways now represent the background level of contamination, which provides evidence of a past diffuse pollution in these countries, whereas sediment analyses conducted in developing countries show an increase in APE content over the last several years. Finally, similar trends have been observed in samples drawn from Europe and North America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Bergé
- Laboratoire Central de la Préfecture de Police, 39 bis rue de Dantzig, 75015, Paris, France.
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Dungait JAJ, Cardenas LM, Blackwell MSA, Wu L, Withers PJA, Chadwick DR, Bol R, Murray PJ, Macdonald AJ, Whitmore AP, Goulding KWT. Advances in the understanding of nutrient dynamics and management in UK agriculture. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2012; 434:39-50. [PMID: 22748430 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2011] [Revised: 04/06/2012] [Accepted: 04/07/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Current research on macronutrient cycling in UK agricultural systems aims to optimise soil and nutrient management for improved agricultural production and minimise effects on the environment and provision of ecosystem services. Nutrient use inefficiencies can cause environmental pollution through the release of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere and of soluble and particulate forms of N, P and carbon (C) in leachate and run-off into watercourses. Improving nutrient use efficiencies in agriculture calls for the development of sustainable nutrient management strategies: more efficient use of mineral fertilisers, increased recovery and recycling of waste nutrients, and, better exploitation of the substantial inorganic and organic reserves of nutrients in the soil. Long-term field experimentation in the UK has provided key knowledge of the main nutrient transformations in agricultural soils. Emerging analytical technologies, especially stable isotope labelling, that better characterise macronutrient forms and bioavailability and improve the quantification of the complex relationships between the macronutrients in soils at the molecular scale, are augmenting this knowledge by revealing the underlying processes. The challenge for the future is to determine the relationships between the dynamics of N, P and C across scales, which will require both new modelling approaches and integrated approaches to macronutrient cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A J Dungait
- Department of Sustainable Soils and Grassland Systems, Rothamsted Research, North Wyke, Okehampton, Devon, UK.
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17
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Gori R, Cammilli L, Petrovic M, Gonzalez S, Barcelò D, Lubello C, Malpei F. Fate of surfactants in membrane bioreactors and conventional activated sludge plants. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2010; 44:8223-8229. [PMID: 20886831 DOI: 10.1021/es101515x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Two membrane bioreactors (MBRs) were operated at high sludge retention time (SRT) (between 30 and 75 d) in parallel to a conventional activated sludge plant (CASP) conducted at SRT = 10 d. The fate of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS), nonylphenol ethoxylates (NP(n)EO, n = 1-15), nonylphenoxy carboxylates (NP(n)EC, n = 1-2), and nonylphenol (NP) in these systems was investigated. All systems were very efficient in the removal of LAS (around 99%). The analysis of variance showed that the difference in the removal efficiency of LAS in the CASP and the MBR operated at SRT = 65-75 d (respectively 99.0 ± 0.43 and 99.8 ± 0.11) were significant (p < 0.05), confirming the importance of SRT in the removal of LAS. Comparison between the CASP and the MBRs in the removal efficiency of nonylphenolic compounds were conducted considering NP(3-15)EO, the sum of NP(1-15)EO, NP(1-2)EC, and nonylphenol (NP). In all cases MBRs were more efficient than the CASP. In the case of NP the removal was about 76 ± 7.5% for the CASP and 90% ± 12.1 and 82 ± 8.7% for the MBRs. Better performance of MBRs in the removal of nonylphenolic compounds can be attributed to a better degradation. For example, if the sum of NP(1-15)EO and NP(1-2)EC is considered, estimated biodegradation was about 48% for the CASP and 72% for MBRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Gori
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Florence, via S. Marta, 3, 50139 Florence, Italy.
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18
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Yan S, Subramanian SB, Tyagi RD, Surampalli RY, Zhang TC. Emerging Contaminants of Environmental Concern: Source, Transport, Fate, and Treatment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1061/(asce)hz.1944-8376.0000015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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19
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Ganidi N, Tyrrel S, Cartmell E. Anaerobic digestion foaming causes--a review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2009; 100:5546-54. [PMID: 19577922 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2009.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2009] [Revised: 06/08/2009] [Accepted: 06/09/2009] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic digestion foaming has been encountered in several sewage treatment plants in the UK. Foaming has raised major concerns for the water companies due to significant impacts on process efficiency and operational costs. Several foaming causes have been identified over the past few years by researchers. However, the supporting experimental information is limited and in some cases absent. The present report aims to provide a detailed review of the current anaerobic digestion foaming problem and to identify gaps in knowledge regarding the theory of foam formation in anaerobic digesters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nafsika Ganidi
- Centre for Water Science, School of Applied Sciences, Bld. 40, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Beds MK43 0AL, UK
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20
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Determination of alkylphenols and alkylphenol ethoxylates in sewage sludge: effect of sample pre-treatment. Anal Bioanal Chem 2009; 394:1525-33. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-009-2747-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2008] [Revised: 03/03/2009] [Accepted: 03/06/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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21
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González S, Petrović M, Radetic M, Jovancic P, Ilic V, Barceló D. Characterization and quantitative analysis of surfactants in textile wastewater by liquid chromatography/quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2008; 22:1445-1454. [PMID: 18398847 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.3527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A method based on the application of ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) coupled to hybrid quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (QqTOF-MS) with an electrospray (ESI) interface has been developed for the screening and confirmation of several anionic and non-ionic surfactants: linear alkylbenzenesulfonates (LAS), alkylsulfate (AS), alkylethersulfate (AES), dihexyl sulfosuccinate (DHSS), alcohol ethoxylates (AEOs), coconut diethanolamide (CDEA), nonylphenol ethoxylates (NPEOs), and their degradation products (nonylphenol carboxylate (NPEC), octylphenol carboxylate (OPEC), 4-nonylphenol (NP), 4-octylphenol (OP) and NPEO sulfate (NPEO-SO4). The developed methodology permits reliable quantification combined with a high accuracy confirmation based on the accurate mass of the (de)protonated molecules in the TOFMS mode. For further confirmation of the identity of the detected compounds the QqTOF mode was used. Accurate masses of product ions obtained by performing collision-induced dissociation (CID) of the (de)protonated molecules of parent compounds were matched with the ions obtained for a standard solution. The method was applied for the quantitative analysis and high accuracy confirmation of surfactants in complex mixtures in effluents from the textile industry. Positive identification of the target compounds was based on accurate mass measurement of the base peak, at least one product ion and the LC retention time of the analyte compared with that of a standard. The most frequently surfactants found in these textile effluents were NPEO and NPEO-SO4 in concentrations ranging from 0.93 to 5.68 mg/L for NPEO and 0.06 to 4.30 mg/L for NPEO-SO4. AEOs were also identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana González
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IIQAB-CSIC, C/Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
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22
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Analysis of Emerging Contaminants of Municipal and Industrial Origin. THE HANDBOOK OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-74795-6_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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23
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Stanford BD, Weinberg HS. Isotope dilution for quantitation of steroid estrogens and nonylphenols by gas chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry in septic, soil, and groundwater matrices. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1176:26-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.10.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2007] [Revised: 10/24/2007] [Accepted: 10/26/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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24
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Advanced liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) methods applied to wastewater removal and the fate of surfactants in the environment. Trends Analyt Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2006.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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25
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Campbell CG, Borglin SE, Green FB, Grayson A, Wozei E, Stringfellow WT. Biologically directed environmental monitoring, fate, and transport of estrogenic endocrine disrupting compounds in water: A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2006; 65:1265-80. [PMID: 16979218 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2006] [Revised: 07/28/2006] [Accepted: 08/03/2006] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) are contaminants that may be hormonally active at low concentrations and are emerging as a major concern for water quality. Estrogenic EDCs (e-EDCs) are a subclass of EDCs that, when organisms are exposed to them, function as estrogens. Given that there are numerous e-EDCs that can negatively affect humans and wildlife, general screening techniques like biologically based assays (BBAs) may provide major advantages by estimating the total estrogenic effects of many e-EDCs in the environment. These techniques may potentially be adapted for field portable biologically directed sampling and analyses. This article summarizes available BBAs used to measure estrogenic e-EDCs in the environmental samples and also presents results relating to fate and transport of e-EDCs. Estrogenic EDCs appear to be almost ubiquitous in the environment, despite low solubility and high affinity of organic matter. Potential transport mechanisms may include: (1) transport of more soluble precursors, (2) colloid facilitated transport, (3) enhanced solubility through elevated pH, and (4) the formation of micelles by longer-chain ethoxylates. Due to their persistent and ubiquitous nature, source control strategies for e-EDCs may reduce influent concentration to wastewater treatment plants so that the post treatment effluent will decrease concentrations to estrogenically inactive levels. Alternatively if source reduction is not possible, then more testing is needed on tertiary treatment technologies and treatment efficiencies for e-EDCs. There is still a need for research on remediation and restoration approaches for habitats disturbed by elevated e-EDC concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris G Campbell
- Water Guidance and Monitoring Group, Environmental Protection Department, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94551, USA.
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26
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Sánchez-Martínez ML, Aguilar-Caballos MP, Eremin SA, Gómez-Hens A. Long-wavelength fluorimetry as an indirect detection system in immunoaffinity chromatography: application to environmental analysis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2006; 386:1489-95. [PMID: 16953323 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-006-0697-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2006] [Revised: 07/18/2006] [Accepted: 07/19/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The potential of long-wavelength fluorimetry when used as the detection system in immunoaffinity chromatography is assessed for the first time by applying this approach to the analysis of water and sludge samples. Nile blue (NB) was used to synthesize a long-wavelength fluorescent tracer for linear alkylbenzenesulfonates (LASs) using the carbodiimide method, in which the amino group of NB is covalently coupled to the activated carboxylic acid group of a LAS mimic with N-hydroxysuccinimide and dicyclohexylcarbodiimide. The method consists of the injection of a pre-incubated mixture containing linear sodium 4-dodecylbenzenesulfonate (LDS; used as the LAS model), anti-LAS antibodies, and the long-wavelength tracer into a commercial Protein G column. Free and bound tracer fractions are separated in the column, and the peak height of the immunochromatogram (corresponding to the free tracer) is directly measured at 626 nm (lambda (ex)) and 674 nm (lambda (em)), and then correlated to the analyte concentration. It is not necessary to perform an elution step immediately after every sample application. The dynamic range of the method is 0.05-2.5 microg ml(-1) LDS, and the detection limit is 15 ng ml(-1). The precision, expressed as the relative standard deviation, is 4.8-6.4%. Other surfactants (sodium dodecylsulfate and Triton X-100) do not cause interference. The recoveries obtained by applying the method to the analysis of water (ground- and wastewater) and sludge (primary and activated) samples ranged from 86.0 to 111.3%. Water sample analysis included an initial solid-phase extraction step, which cleaned up the samples and improved the detection limit fivefold.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Sánchez-Martínez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Córdoba. Campus of Rabanales, Marie Curie Annex Building, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
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