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Martinescu GV, Ivănescu L, Ștefănescu R, Andronic L, Mătiuț S, Mîndru R, Solcan G, Miron L. Strategies for the Diagnosis of Granulocytic Anaplasmosis in Two Naturally Infected Dogs. Animals (Basel) 2023; 14:49. [PMID: 38200780 PMCID: PMC10778014 DOI: 10.3390/ani14010049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
This study describes granulocytic anaplasmosis in two dogs naturally infected with Anaplasma phagocytophilum. The 3-year-old dogs (male and female) came from the same household and were referred to the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine in Iasi for blood donation. They were subject to standard routine tests: haematology blood test, blood smear, and serological tests (VETSCAN® FLEX4 and IDEXX SNAP 4Dx Plus). The female dog had no medical problems, while the male dog experienced joint pain. The blood smear was negative for tick-borne pathogens, and the haematology findings indicated thrombocytopenia in both dogs, with the male dog also displaying eosinophilia. The two dogs were mildly positive in the ELISA tests for the detection of Anaplasma spp. antibodies; therefore, the blood samples were tested using the qRT-PCR method for Anaplasma platys and Anaplasma phagocytophilum. The qRT-PCR result was negative for A. platys, but it was positive for A. phagocytophilum. The treatment consisted of the administration of doxycycline for 28 days. In conclusion, the high number of cases with non-specific clinical signs, the different sensitivity and specificity of the immunochromatographic serological tests, as well as the possibility of confusing the morula during the cytological examination, make the molecular test mandatory for precise diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela-Victoria Martinescu
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Iasi University of Life Sciences, 8 Mihail Sadoveanu Alley, 700490 Iasi, Romania; (G.-V.M.); (R.Ș.); (L.A.); (R.M.); (G.S.); (L.M.)
| | - Larisa Ivănescu
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Iasi University of Life Sciences, 8 Mihail Sadoveanu Alley, 700490 Iasi, Romania; (G.-V.M.); (R.Ș.); (L.A.); (R.M.); (G.S.); (L.M.)
| | - Raluca Ștefănescu
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Iasi University of Life Sciences, 8 Mihail Sadoveanu Alley, 700490 Iasi, Romania; (G.-V.M.); (R.Ș.); (L.A.); (R.M.); (G.S.); (L.M.)
| | - Lavinia Andronic
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Iasi University of Life Sciences, 8 Mihail Sadoveanu Alley, 700490 Iasi, Romania; (G.-V.M.); (R.Ș.); (L.A.); (R.M.); (G.S.); (L.M.)
| | - Simona Mătiuț
- Praxis Medical Laboratory, 33 Independentei Boulevard, 700102 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Raluca Mîndru
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Iasi University of Life Sciences, 8 Mihail Sadoveanu Alley, 700490 Iasi, Romania; (G.-V.M.); (R.Ș.); (L.A.); (R.M.); (G.S.); (L.M.)
| | - Gheorghe Solcan
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Iasi University of Life Sciences, 8 Mihail Sadoveanu Alley, 700490 Iasi, Romania; (G.-V.M.); (R.Ș.); (L.A.); (R.M.); (G.S.); (L.M.)
| | - Liviu Miron
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Iasi University of Life Sciences, 8 Mihail Sadoveanu Alley, 700490 Iasi, Romania; (G.-V.M.); (R.Ș.); (L.A.); (R.M.); (G.S.); (L.M.)
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Braff JC, Arguello-Marin A, Hanscom J, Saucier J, Beall MJ, Qurollo BA, Chandrashekar R, Buch J. Evaluation of Anaplasma spp. seroprevalence in dogs and association with incidence of human anaplasmosis. Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Reports 2023; 45:100923. [PMID: 37783532 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2023.100923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Point-of-care (POC) ELISA tests are routinely used in US veterinary practices to screen canine patients for antibodies to tick-transmitted pathogens. Results are also used to monitor spatial and temporal trends in canine seroprevalence, and these data can build awareness of the risk to humans of tick-transmitted diseases such as Lyme disease and anaplasmosis. This study utilized a second-generation test that has incorporated additional Anaplasma-specific peptides into a commercial POC ELISA test to allow detection of Anaplasma spp. antibodies earlier post-infection. A convenience population consisting of 19,894 canine samples from a US commercial diagnostic laboratory were tested using the second-generation POC ELISA test to describe regional Anaplasma spp. canine seroprevalence and assess correlation to anaplasmosis cases reported to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention by state. Antibodies to Anaplasma spp. were detected in 1646 samples (8.3%) with the Northeast and Midwest US census regions having the highest proportion of positive samples. At the state level, a significant correlation was found between canine Anaplasma spp. seroprevalence and human anaplasmosis incidence (r2 = 0.64). Although estimates of canine Anaplasma spp. seroprevalence presented here using the second-generation POC ELISA are generally increased, especially in the Northeast and Midwest, the regional distribution of canine samples testing positive for Anaplasma spp. antibodies is consistent with previous reports. The observed correlation with human anaplasmosis incidence indicates that results from the second-generation POC ELISA will continue to add value in epidemiological assessment of human anaplasmosis risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer C Braff
- IDEXX Laboratories, Inc., 1 IDEXX Drive, Westbrook, ME 04092, USA.
| | | | - Jancy Hanscom
- IDEXX Laboratories, Inc., 1 IDEXX Drive, Westbrook, ME 04092, USA.
| | - Jill Saucier
- IDEXX Laboratories, Inc., 1 IDEXX Drive, Westbrook, ME 04092, USA.
| | - Melissa J Beall
- IDEXX Laboratories, Inc., 1 IDEXX Drive, Westbrook, ME 04092, USA.
| | - Barbara A Qurollo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, 11, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA.
| | | | - Jesse Buch
- IDEXX Laboratories, Inc., 1 IDEXX Drive, Westbrook, ME 04092, USA.
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Richardson SS, Mainville CA, Arguello-Marin A, Whalley D, Burton W, Breitschwerdt EB, Qurollo BA. A second-generation, point-of-care immunoassay provided improved detection of Anaplasma and Ehrlichia antibodies in PCR-positive dogs naturally infected with Anaplasma or Ehrlichia species. J Vet Diagn Invest 2023; 35:366-373. [PMID: 37161312 PMCID: PMC10331380 DOI: 10.1177/10406387231172723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
A validated second-generation SNAP 4Dx Plus (Idexx) incorporates new peptides for improved detection of antibodies against Anaplasma and Ehrlichia tick-borne pathogens in dogs. We compared the first- and second-generation SNAP 4Dx Plus using dogs naturally infected with Anaplasma or Ehrlichia species, or dogs seroreactive by an E. canis indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT). The second-generation immunoassay was more sensitive than the first-generation for dogs infected with A. phagocytophilum (51.1% and 29.2%, respectively), A. platys (63.6% and 35.3%, respectively), E. canis (96.2% and 88.3%, respectively), or E. ewingii (73.7% and 70.8%, respectively), and for dogs seroreactive by E. canis IFAT (87.3% and 83.9%, respectively). The second-generation immunoassay detected significantly more Anaplasma- or Ehrlichia-infected dogs that were Anaplasma (p < 0.001) or Ehrlichia (p = 0.031) seroreactive, respectively, than did the first-generation test. When Ehrlichia seroreactivity by E. canis IFAT and both immunoassays was compared, significantly more E. canis-infected dogs were seroreactive by E. canis IFAT than the first-generation (p = 0.006) but not the second-generation (p = 0.125) immunoassay. Significantly more E. ewingii-infected dogs were seroreactive by the first- (p = 0.011) and second-generation (p = 0.049) immunoassays than the E. canis IFAT. Medical records available for 7 dogs that were Anaplasma seroreactive by the second-generation but not the first-generation immunoassay revealed case management decisions that might have been different with an immediate anaplasmosis diagnosis, including earlier doxycycline therapy and less hospitalization. The second-generation SNAP 4Dx Plus test offered improved serologic detection of Anaplasma and Ehrlichia in naturally infected dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safari S. Richardson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Edward B. Breitschwerdt
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Barbara A. Qurollo
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
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4
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Hazelrig CM, Gettings JR, Cleveland CA, Varela-Stokes A, Majewska AA, Hubbard K, Burton KW, Yabsley MJ. Spatial and risk factor analyses of vector-borne pathogens among shelter dogs in the Eastern United States. Parasit Vectors 2023; 16:197. [PMID: 37301970 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-023-05813-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vector-borne infections pose significant health risks to humans, domestic animals, and wildlife. Domestic dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) in the United States may be infected with and serve as sentinel hosts for several zoonotic vector-borne pathogens. In this study, we analyzed the geographical distribution, risk factors, and co-infections associated with infection with Ehrlichia spp., Anaplasma spp., Borrelia burgdorferi, and Dirofilaria immitis in shelter dogs in the Eastern United States. METHODS From 2016 to 2020, blood samples from 3750 shelter dogs from 19 states were examined with IDEXX SNAP® 4Dx® Plus tests to determine the seroprevalence of infection with tick-borne pathogens and infection with D. immitis. We assessed the impact of factors including age, sex, intact status, breed group, and location on infection using logistic regression. RESULTS The overall seroprevalence of D. immitis was 11.2% (n = 419/3750), the seroprevalence of Anaplasma spp. was 2.4% (n = 90/3750), the seroprevalence of Ehrlichia spp. was 8.0% (n = 299/3750), and the seroprevalence of B. burgdorferi was 8.9% (n = 332/3750). Regional variation in seroprevalence was noted: D. immitis (17.4%, n = 355/2036) and Ehrlichia spp. (10.7%, n = 217/2036) were highest in the Southeast while seroprevalence for B. burgdorferi (19.3%, n = 143/740) and Anaplasma spp. (5.7%, n = 42/740) were highest in the Northeast. Overall, 4.8% (n = 179/3750) of dogs had co-infections, the most common of which were D. immitis/Ehrlichia spp. (1.6%, n = 59/3750), B. burgdorferi/Anaplasma spp. (1.5%, n = 55/3750), and B. burgdorferi/Ehrlichia spp. (1.2%, n = 46/3750). Risk factors significantly influenced infection across the evaluated pathogens were location and breed group. All evaluated risk factors were significant for the seroprevalence of D. immitis antigens. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate a regionally variable risk of infection with vector-borne pathogens in shelter dogs throughout the Eastern United States, likely due to varying distributions of vectors. However, as many vectors are undergoing range expansions or other changes in distribution associated with climate and landscape change, continued vector-borne pathogen surveillance is important for maintaining reliable risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinna M Hazelrig
- Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
| | - Jenna R Gettings
- Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Christopher A Cleveland
- Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Center for Ecology of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Andrea Varela-Stokes
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, MA, USA
| | - Ania A Majewska
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Kris Hubbard
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
- West Asheville Family Vet, Asheville, NC, USA
| | - K Wade Burton
- IDEXX Laboratories, One IDEXX Drive, Westbrook, ME, USA
| | - Michael J Yabsley
- Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
- Center for Ecology of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
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Beall MJ, Mainville CA, Arguello-Marin A, Clark G, Lemieux C, Saucier J, Thatcher B, Breitschwerdt EB, Cohn LA, Qurollo BA, Chandrashekar R. An Improved Point-of-Care ELISA for the Diagnosis of Anaplasmosis and Ehrlichiosis During the Acute Phase of Tick-Borne Infections in Dogs. Top Companion Anim Med 2022; 51:100735. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tcam.2022.100735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Gehlen H, Inerle KS, Briese B. Tierärztliches Meinungsbild zur Equinen Lyme-Borreliose – Ergebnisse einer Fragebogenstudie. Tierarztl Prax Ausg G Grosstiere Nutztiere 2022; 50:315-322. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1934-5808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Zusammenfassung
Ziel Erfassung des tierärztlichen Meinungsbildes zur Equinen Lyme-Borreliose
Material und Methoden Durch eine Befragung wurde untersucht, wie Pferdetierärzte die Bedeutung positiver serologischer Nachweise gegen Borrelia burgdorferi (Bb-AK) und einer klinisch manifesten Lyme-Borreliose (LB) einschätzten sowie letztere diagnostizieren und therapieren.
Ergebnisse Der Fragebogen wurde von 73 Tierärzten (TÄ) ausgefüllt. 48 % der TÄ erhoben nur sehr selten bis gar keine serologischen Bb-AK-Nachweise bei Pferden in ihrer Praxis, 47 % stellten gelegentlich Bb-AK fest und nur 5 % fanden häufig Bb-AK-Nachweise. 51 % der TÄ bestätigen, dass sie bereits klinisch-manifeste LB-Erkrankungen festgestellt hätten, während 43 % die Existenz dieser Erkrankung zwar nicht ausschlossen, aber selber keine Equine Lyme-Borreliose Fälle gesehen haben. 6 % der TÄ zweifeln die Existenz einer klinischen LB beim Pferd generell an.Im Durchschnitt wurden 159-mal im Jahr weiterführende diagnostische Maßnahmen im Hinblick auf eine LB eingeleitet, und es wurden 1,4 ± 1,0 Fälle von equiner LB im Jahr diagnostiziert. Als Untersuchungsmethoden zur Abklärung von Borreliose-Verdachtsfällen verwendeten 68 % der TÄ den „indirekten Erregernachweis“, 27 % sowohl den direkten als auch den indirekten Erregernachweis und 5 % verwendeten ausschließlich den direkten Erregernachweis. Bei letzterem wurden am häufigsten Blut und Hautstanzen als Probenmaterial eingesandt.Die Behandlung von Pferden mit auf eine Borrelioseerkrankung hinweisenden Laborergebnissen und als passend bewerteter, klinischer Symptomatik erfolgte durch 93 % der Tierärzte mit Antibiotika und 7 % mit Homöopathie. Am häufigsten wurde Doxycyclin (68 %) eingesetzt. Dabei erfolgte die antibiotische Behandlung über einen Zeitraum von 3 (31 %) bis 4 (63 %) Wochen.In Bezug auf eine mögliche Impfung der Pferde gegen Borreliose boten 39 % der Tierärzte diese Impfung nicht an, bei 20 % wurde sie noch nicht eingesetzt, aber auch nicht kategorisch abgelehnt und 41 % führten regelmäßig Borreliose-Impfungen durch.
Schlussfolgerung und klinische Relevanz Das Meinungsbild von praktizierenden Pferdetierärztinnen und Pferdetierärzten in Deutschland zur klinischen Relevanz der equinen LB ist sehr heterogen. Einheitliche Richtlinien hinsichtlich Diagnostik- und evtl. auch Therapieempfehlungen wären sinnvoll, um der Unsicherheit in der Tierärzteschaft entgegenzuwirken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidrun Gehlen
- Klinik für Pferde, Allgemeine Chirurgie und Radiologie, Fachbereich Veterinärmedizin, Freie Universität Berlin
| | - Katharina Sophie Inerle
- Klinik für Pferde, Allgemeine Chirurgie und Radiologie, Fachbereich Veterinärmedizin, Freie Universität Berlin
| | - Beatrice Briese
- Klinik für Pferde, Allgemeine Chirurgie und Radiologie, Fachbereich Veterinärmedizin, Freie Universität Berlin
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Role of NK-Like CD8 + T Cells during Asymptomatic Borrelia burgdorferi Infection. Infect Immun 2022; 90:e0055521. [PMID: 35416707 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00555-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lyme disease (LD) due to Borrelia burgdorferi is the most prevalent vector-borne disease in the United States. There is a poor understanding of how immunity contributes to bacterial control, pathology, or both during LD. Dogs in an area of endemicity were screened for B. burgdorferi and Anaplasma exposure and stratified according to seropositivity, presence of LD symptoms, and doxycycline treatment. Significantly elevated serum interleukin-21 (IL-21) and increased circulating CD3+ CD94+ lymphocytes with an NK-like CD8+ T cell phenotype were predominant in asymptomatic dogs exposed to B. burgdorferi. Both CD94+ T cells and CD3- CD94+ lymphocytes, corresponding to NK cells, from symptomatic dogs expressed gamma interferon (IFN-γ) at a 3-fold-higher frequency upon stimulation with B. burgdorferi than the same subset among endemic controls. Surface expression of activating receptor NKp46 was reduced on CD94+ T cells from LD, compared to cells after doxycycline treatment. A higher frequency of NKp46-expressing CD94+ T cells correlated with significantly increased peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) cytotoxic activity via calcein release assay. PBMCs from dogs with symptomatic LD showed significantly reduced killing ability compared with endemic control PBMCs. An elevated NK-like CD8+ T cell response was associated with protection against development of clinical LD, while excess IFN-γ was associated with clinical disease.
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Gettings JR, Self SCW, McMahan CS, Brown DA, Nordone SK, Yabsley MJ. Regional and Local Temporal Trends of Borrelia burgdorferi and Anaplasma spp. Seroprevalence in Domestic Dogs: Contiguous United States 2013-2019. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:561592. [PMID: 33195537 PMCID: PMC7653440 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.561592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2019, in the United States, over 220,000 and 350,000 dogs tested positive for exposure to Anaplasma spp. and Borrelia burgdorferi, respectively. To evaluate regional and local temporal trends of pathogen exposure we used a Bayesian spatio-temporal binomial regression model, analyzing serologic test results for these pathogens from January 2013 to December 2019. Regional trends were not static over time, but rather increased within and beyond the borders of historically endemic regions. Increased seroprevalence was observed as far as North Carolina and North Dakota for both pathogens. Local trends were estimated to evaluate the heterogeneity of underlying changes. A large cluster of counties with increased B. burgdorferi seroprevalence centered around West Virginia, while a similar cluster of counties with increased Anaplasma spp. seroprevalence centered around Pennsylvania and extended well into Maine. In the Midwest, only a small number of counties experienced an increase in seroprevalence; instead, most counties had a decrease in seroprevalence for both pathogens. These trends will help guide veterinarians and pet owners in adopting the appropriate preventative care practices for their area. Additionally, B. burgdorferi and A. phagocytophilum cause disease in humans. Dogs are valuable sentinels for some vector-borne pathogens, and these trends may help public health providers better understand the risk of exposure for humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna R Gettings
- Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Stella C W Self
- Arnold School of Public of Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Christopher S McMahan
- School of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States
| | - D Andrew Brown
- School of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States
| | - Shila K Nordone
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, Comparative Medicine Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Michael J Yabsley
- Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.,Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
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Wang J, Dong R, Zou P, Chen Y, Li N, Wang Y, Zhang T, Pan X. Identification of a Novel Linear B Cell Epitope on the Sao Protein of Streptococcus suis Serotype 2. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1492. [PMID: 32765516 PMCID: PMC7381117 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Surface antigen one (Sao) protein is a bacterial surface protein identified in the important zoonotic pathogen Streptococcus suis serotype 2 (S. suis 2) during an extensive search for functional proteins. The Sao protein is anchored to the bacterial cell wall by the LPVTG motif and is widely distributed in many S. suis serotypes. In this paper, we present the immunodominant epitope peptide of the Sao protein that is recognized by BALB/c antibodies against the Sao protein: 355SEKQMPSVVNENAVTPEKQMTNKENDNIET384 (location Sao355−384). To determine the core epitope recognized by antibodies, we prepared truncation peptide libraries. Analyses of the immunoreactivity of truncation peptides with anti-Sao355−384 serum revealed that the most immunoreactive sequence was 355SEKQMPSVVNENAVTPEK372 (location Sao355−372). Moreover, we observed that this core epitope also showed good specificity based on the ratio of reactivity with serum from S. suis–positive patients compared to serum from S. suis–negative patients. Our results point to the potential of using the Sao355−372 peptide in diagnostic assays to determine S. suis infection in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- The Affiliated Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Ruirui Dong
- The Affiliated Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Ping Zou
- The Affiliated Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yuejuan Chen
- The Affiliated Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Na Li
- The Affiliated Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yao Wang
- The Affiliated Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- The Affiliated Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xiuzhen Pan
- Department of Microbiology, Hua Dong Research Institute for Medicine and Biotechnics, Nanjing, China
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A Suspected Case of Lyme Borreliosis in a Dog from Belgium. Case Rep Vet Med 2019; 2019:3973901. [PMID: 31049243 PMCID: PMC6458861 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3973901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
A 5-year-old Jack Russell Spaniel was presented in December 2017 to his veterinarian in Belgium for sudden weakness, reluctance to move, and pain. Blood analysis showed no deviations and serum increased levels of B. burgdorferi s.l. antibodies were detected. The dog recovered a few days after the onset of doxycycline treatment. This case illustrates the possible relationship between tick-borne diseases and orthopedic problems.
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11
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Kovačević Filipović MM, Beletić AD, Ilić Božović AV, Milanović Z, Tyrrell P, Buch J, Breitschwerdt EB, Birkenheuer AJ, Chandrashekar R. Molecular and Serological Prevalence of Anaplasma phagocytophilum, A. platys, Ehrlichia canis, E. chaffeenses, E. ewingii, Borrelia burgdorferi, Babesia canis, B. gibsoni and B. vogeli among Clinically Healthy Outdoor Dogs in Serbia. VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY- REGIONAL STUDIES AND REPORTS 2018; 14:117-122. [PMID: 31014716 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Data concerning combined molecular and serological prevalence of emerging canine tick-borne pathogens in Serbia are lacking. A large population of outdoor living dogs in Belgrade, Serbia's' capital, present an excellent population for epidemiology study. Blood samples were collected from 111 dogs, including 46 shelter, 31 free roaming, and 34 hunting dogs. Species-specific real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (IDEXX Laboratories, Inc., Westbrook Maine, USA) was applied for the molecular detection of Anaplasma phagocytophilum, A. platys, Ehrlichia canis, Babesia canis, B. gibsoni and B. vogeli. A research based SNAP assay (SNAP® M-A, IDEXX Laboratories, Inc., Westbrook Maine, USA) that uses genus and species-specific peptides was used to asses Anaplasma spp., A. phagocytophilum, A. platys, Ehrlichia spp., E. canis, E. chaffeensis, E. ewingii and Borrelia burgdorferi antibody status. B. canis, B. gibsoni and B. vogeli antibody status was assessed with an indirect immunofluorescence test (MegaCor Diagnostic, Horbranz, Austria). Anaplasma spp. and Ehrlichia spp. DNA was not amplified. One quarter of the dogs were A. phagocytophilum, one dog was A. platys, one was E. ewingii and two dogs were B. burgdorferi seroreactive with the SNAP® M-A. Babesia canis or B. gibsoni DNA was amplified by PCR from 16.2% of dogs, whereas 67.6% were seroreactive to one or more Babesia spp. Babesia vogeli was not PCR amplified. We conclude that outdoor dogs in this territory are reservoirs for B. canis and B. gibsoni and are frequently co-exposed to combinations of Anaplasma and Babesia spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milica M Kovačević Filipović
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, University of Belgrade, Bulevar oslobođenja 18, Belgrade 11000, Serbia.
| | - Anđelo D Beletić
- Center for Medical Biochemistry, Clinical Center of Serbia, Pasterova 2, Belgrade 11000, Serbia
| | - Anja V Ilić Božović
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, University of Belgrade, Bulevar oslobođenja 18, Belgrade 11000, Serbia
| | - Zorana Milanović
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, University of Belgrade, Bulevar oslobođenja 18, Belgrade 11000, Serbia
| | | | | | | | - Adam J Birkenheuer
- North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC, USA
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Littman MP, Gerber B, Goldstein RE, Labato MA, Lappin MR, Moore GE. ACVIM consensus update on Lyme borreliosis in dogs and cats. J Vet Intern Med 2018; 32:887-903. [PMID: 29566442 PMCID: PMC5980284 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
An update of the 2006 American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine (ACVIM) Small Animal Consensus Statement on Lyme Disease in Dogs: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention was presented at the 2016 ACVIM Forum in Denver, CO, followed by panel and audience discussion and a drafted consensus statement distributed online to diplomates for comment. The updated consensus statement is presented below. The consensus statement aims to provide guidance on the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of Lyme borreliosis in dogs and cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meryl P. Littman
- Department of Clinical Studies‐PhiladelphiaUniversity of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary MedicinePhiladelphiaPennsylvania
| | - Bernhard Gerber
- The Clinic for Small Animal Internal MedicineVetsuisse Faculty, University of ZurichSwitzerland
| | | | - Mary Anna Labato
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary MedicineTufts UniversityNorth GraftonMassachusetts
| | - Michael R. Lappin
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical SciencesColorado State UniversityFort CollinsColorado
| | - George E. Moore
- Department of Veterinary Administration, College of Veterinary MedicinePurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndiana
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13
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A novel synthetic peptide microarray assay detects Chlamydia species-specific antibodies in animal and human sera. Sci Rep 2018; 8:4701. [PMID: 29549361 PMCID: PMC5856796 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23118-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Serological analysis of Chlamydia (C.) spp. infections is still mainly based on micro-immunofluorescence and ELISA. To overcome the limitations of conventional serology, we have designed a novel microarray carrying 52 synthetic peptides representing B-cell epitopes from immunodominant proteins of all 11 chlamydial species. The new assay has been validated using monospecific mouse hyperimmune sera. Subsequently, serum samples from cattle, sheep and humans with a known history of chlamydial infection were examined. For instance, the specific humoral response of sheep to treatment with a C. abortus vaccine has been visualized against a background of C. pecorum carriership. In samples from humans, dual infection with C. trachomatis and C. pneumoniae could be demonstrated. The experiments revealed that the peptide microarray assay was capable of simultaneously identifying specific antibodies to each Chlamydia spp. The actual assay represents an open platform test that can be complemented through future advances in Chlamydia proteome research. The concept of the highly parallel multi-antigen microarray proven in this study has the potential to enhance our understanding of antibody responses by defining not only a single quantitative response, but also the pattern of this response. The added value of using peptide antigens will consist in unprecedented serodiagnostic specificity.
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14
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Yancey CB, Diniz PPVP, Breitschwerdt EB, Hegarty BC, Wiesen C, Qurollo BA. Doxycycline treatment efficacy in dogs with naturally occurring Anaplasma phagocytophilum infection. J Small Anim Pract 2017; 59:286-293. [PMID: 29280490 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.12799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate doxycycline treatment efficacy and post-treatment pathogen persistence in dogs naturally infected with Anaplasma phagocytophilum in endemic regions of the USA. MATERIALS AND METHODS Symptomatic dogs in four US states (MN, WI, CT and CA) were evaluated before treatment with doxycycline and approximately 30 and 60 days post-treatment. Clinicopathological parameters, co-exposures and A. phagocytophilum DNA in whole blood and lymph node samples were compared between A. phagocytophilum infected and uninfected dogs. RESULTS In total, 42 dogs fulfilled the inclusion criteria, with 16 dogs (38%) blood PCR-positive and 26 dogs (62%) blood PCR-negative for A. phagocytophilum. At initial evaluation, the proportion of clinicopathological abnormalities was similar between A. phagocytophilum infected and uninfected dogs, although thrombocytopenia and lymphopenia were statistically more prevalent among A. phagocytophilum infected dogs. Treatment with doxycycline resulted in resolution of all clinical abnormalities in infected dogs; four dogs had persistent haematological abnormalities, including mild leukopenia, eosinopenia and lymphopenia. All 16 infected dogs became blood PCR-negative approximately 30 and 60 days after treatment onset. Additionally, 13/13 (100%) lymph node specimens tested post-treatment were PCR-negative. Select clinicopathological abnormalities persisted in uninfected dogs after treatment. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The results of this study support the efficacy of doxycycline therapy for clinical treatment of dogs naturally infected with A. phagocytophilum in the USA. This study did not find clinical, haematological or microbiological indicators that supported the persistence of A. phagocytophilum infection in naturally infected dogs following treatment with doxycycline for 28 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- C B Yancey
- Department of Clinical Sciences and the Intracellular Pathogens Research Laboratory, Comparative Medicine Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27607, USA
| | - P P V P Diniz
- Western University of Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Pomona, California, 91766, USA
| | - E B Breitschwerdt
- Department of Clinical Sciences and the Intracellular Pathogens Research Laboratory, Comparative Medicine Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27607, USA
| | - B C Hegarty
- Department of Clinical Sciences and the Intracellular Pathogens Research Laboratory, Comparative Medicine Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27607, USA
| | - C Wiesen
- The Odum Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27514, USA
| | - B A Qurollo
- Department of Clinical Sciences and the Intracellular Pathogens Research Laboratory, Comparative Medicine Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27607, USA
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