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Wei S, Zou P, Fang L, Duan J. Microstructure evolution of medium carbon steel during heat-assisted 3D ultrasonic vibration-assisted turning. ULTRASONICS 2023; 135:107129. [PMID: 37562285 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2023.107129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Medium carbon steel is an excellent carbon structural steel, and is one of the most common materials for metal cutting. Little research has been done on the microstructural changes induced by thermal-force coupling. In this paper, a finite element simulation method based on the improved J-C model is used to predict the grain size, microstructure change depth and surface hardness of medium carbon steel surface induced by heat-assisted 3D-UVAT are studied. The numerical simulation results are compared with the experimental results, and the significant influence of turning conditions on them is analyzed. The results show that heat-assisted 3D-UVAT lowered the grain size of machined induced deformation zone. Numerical model foresees this case with a mean error of 9.4%. Microstructure and hardness measurements under different turning conditions show that the turning speed and feed rate contribute significantly to grain size and grain refinement layer depth in the area being machined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Wei
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Ping Zou
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China.
| | - Liting Fang
- AECC Shenyang Liming Aero-engine (Group) Co., Ltd, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Jingwei Duan
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
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2
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Zhang S, Gong M, Lian H, Wu J, Zhu W, Ou Z. Design of a High-Speed Rotary Ultrasonic Machining Machine Tool for Machining Microstructure of Brittle Materials. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:1544. [PMID: 37630078 PMCID: PMC10456564 DOI: 10.3390/mi14081544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Aiming at the problems of low machining accuracy and more serious tool wear in the traditional diamond grinding machining (DGM) microstructure of hard and brittle materials, this paper proposes high-speed rotary ultrasonic machining (HRUM) technology and develops a HRUM machine tool. The hardware part of the machine tool mainly includes the spindle module, micro-motion system module, ultrasonic machining tank module, and data acquisition (DAQ) system module. The LabView-based controlled machining control system, including motion selection, initialization, coarse tool setting, constant force tool setting, control machining, and coordinate display module, is developed. Comparative experimental research of the HRUM and DGM of small holes in Al2O3 ceramics is carried out in the developed HRUM machine tool. The results demonstrate that HRUM effectively reduces axial cutting forces, reduces binder adhesion, and suppresses slippage while improving tool-cutting ability and extending tool life compared to DGM under the same machining parameters. This technology has essential research significance for the high-precision and efficient machining of microstructures in hard and brittle materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanhua Zhang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang 524048, China
| | - Manfeng Gong
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang 524048, China
| | - Haishan Lian
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang 524048, China
| | - Jianfeng Wu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang 524048, China
| | - Weijie Zhu
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang 524048, China
| | - Zhengwei Ou
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang 524048, China
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3
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Nomura M, Kurashige S, Ito Y, Fukuhara Y, Sasahara H. Development of Electrodeposited Wire Mesh Grinding Wheel for Cutoff and Grooving Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:5247. [PMID: 37569950 PMCID: PMC10419792 DOI: 10.3390/ma16155247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) is used in various industries because of its high specific strength, but it is well known as a difficult material to cut. In this study, we developed a disc-shaped electrodeposited diamond wire mesh grinding wheel as a new method for cutoff and grooving with a large aspect ratio for CFRP. We confirmed that this tool could be used for machining at a feed rate of 1000 mm/min, equivalent to that of an abrasive waterjet. This tool discharges generated chips through the spaces in the wire mesh, preventing clogging and thereby enabling the suppression of machining temperature. No burrs or delamination were observed on the surface machined with the wire mesh grinding wheel, and the surface roughness was Ra = 2.76 µm. However, the groove width was larger than the wheel thickness due to the runout of the wheel. Additionally, the moderate elasticity and durability of the tool suggest that it might extend tool life by avoiding the crushing of abrasive grains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamoru Nomura
- Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan; (M.N.); (S.K.)
- IBARAKI GRINDING WHEEL Co., Ltd., Ibaraki 300-2521, Japan;
| | - Shuji Kurashige
- Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan; (M.N.); (S.K.)
| | - Yukio Ito
- IBARAKI GRINDING WHEEL Co., Ltd., Ibaraki 300-2521, Japan;
| | | | - Hiroyuki Sasahara
- Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan; (M.N.); (S.K.)
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Lv D, Chen G, Liu D, Xu H, Chen M, Zhu Y, Ali I. High-frequency vibration effects on material removal mechanisms in ultrasonic transverse scratching of carbon fiber reinforced plastics. ULTRASONICS 2023; 132:106979. [PMID: 36924725 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2023.106979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
This paper represented some fundamental investigations on the potential effects of the high-frequency vibration on material removal mechanisms in ultrasonic transverse scratching of carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRPs). It was found that the ultrasonic superimposition brought about the evident reduction of the ductile-brittle transition depth of the unidirectional CFRPs. For the scratched groove generated without ultrasonic, the tensile stress and compressive stress caused by the indenter penetration were respectively responsible for the formations of the radial cracks at the leading edges and the central region. Under the combination of the inertia effects induced by the ultrasonic superposition and the skin-core structure of the carbon fibers, the micro-defects situated at the interior of the fibers were nucleated simultaneously, and their propagations caused the formations of the oblique cracks. Incorporated with the strain rate effects of the materials, a fresh theoretical model was proposed to describe the evolution of the mechanical stress during the scratching process. The fiber fragments induced by the oblique cracks were just concentrated on the top surface of the scratched groove, due to the coupling effects of the small penetration depth of the indenter and the express reduction of strain rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxi Lv
- Institute of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, PR China
| | - Gang Chen
- Institute of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, PR China
| | - Dong Liu
- Institute of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, PR China
| | - Haibing Xu
- Institute of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, PR China
| | - Mingda Chen
- Institute of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, PR China
| | - Yingdan Zhu
- Institute of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, PR China; Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China.
| | - Imran Ali
- Department of Mechanical, Mechatronics and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Lahore, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
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5
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Sun Z, Geng D, Meng F, Zhou L, Jiang X, Zhang D. High performance drilling of T800 CFRP composites by combining ultrasonic vibration and optimized drill structure. ULTRASONICS 2023; 134:107097. [PMID: 37392617 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2023.107097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
Drilling of high-strength T800 carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) are widely employed in current aviation industry. Drilling-induced damages frequently occur and affect not only the load carrying capacity of components but also the reliability. As one of effective methods to reduce the drilling-induced damages, advanced tool structures have been widely used. Nevertheless, it is still difficult to realize high machining accuracy and efficiency by this method. This paper compared three different drill bits to evaluate the drilling performance of T800 CFRP composites and the results showed that the dagger drill was a good choice to drill T800 CFRP considering the lowest thrust force and damages. On this basis, ultrasonic vibration was successfully imposed on dagger drill to further improve the drilling performance. The experimental results showed that ultrasonic vibration reduced the thrust force and surface roughness with a maximum decrease of 14.1 % and 62.2 % respectively. Moreover, the maximum hole diameter errors were decreased from 30 μm in CD to 6 μm in UAD. Besides, the mechanisms of force reduction and hole quality improvement by ultrasonic vibration were also revealed. The results suggest that the combination of ultrasonic vibration and dagger drill is a promising strategy for high performance drilling CFRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhefei Sun
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; Institute of Bionic and Micro-Nano Systems, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Daxi Geng
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; Institute of Bionic and Micro-Nano Systems, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Fanxing Meng
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; Institute of Bionic and Micro-Nano Systems, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Li Zhou
- AVIC Chengdu Aircraft Industrial (Group) Co., Ltd., Chengdu 610091, China
| | - Xinggang Jiang
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; Institute of Bionic and Micro-Nano Systems, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Deyuan Zhang
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; Institute of Bionic and Micro-Nano Systems, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
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6
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Luo W, Pi J, Jiang T, Shen Z, Hou D. Radial-torsional vibration conversion ultrasonic transducer based on radial chute disc. ULTRASONICS 2023; 134:107079. [PMID: 37348361 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2023.107079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Using the stress wave generated by radial excitation, an ultrasonic transducer with pure torsional output based on a radial chute is developed. Based on the reflection principle of the stress wave from the radial chute, the mechanical model of the radial wave entering the chute disc then synthesizing the circumferential wave is established, and the stress state of the stress wave after the radial wave acts on the chute is deduced. On this basis, the influence of the chute angle on the circumferential wave is obtained. Theoretical analysis shows that there is an optimal chute angle for the synthesis of the circumferential wave. Then, the optimal inclined chute disc and ultrasonic transducer are selected for modal analysis. In the simulation, the radial wave generated by the excitation is evenly distributed at the disc and effectively converted into a circumferential wave. The converted circumferential wave is transmitted to the output end through the amplitude transformer of pure torsional mode, and the ultrasonic transducer realizes pure in-plane torsional output. When measured, the circumferential amplitude of the output rod is 5.22 times of the radial amplitude of the chute disc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyu Luo
- College of Marine Equipment and Mechanical Engineering, Jimei University, China
| | - Jun Pi
- College of Marine Equipment and Mechanical Engineering, Jimei University, China.
| | - Tao Jiang
- College of Marine Equipment and Mechanical Engineering, Jimei University, China
| | - Zhihuang Shen
- College of Marine Equipment and Mechanical Engineering, Jimei University, China
| | - Dapan Hou
- College of Marine Equipment and Mechanical Engineering, Jimei University, China
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Ji X, Bai F, Jiang J, Fu H, Sun Q, Zhu W. Numerical simulation and experimental study for ultrasonic vibration-assisted drilling of SiCp/AL6063. MATHEMATICAL BIOSCIENCES AND ENGINEERING : MBE 2023; 20:2651-2668. [PMID: 36899551 DOI: 10.3934/mbe.2023124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Thrust force and metal chips are essential focuses in SiCp/AL6063 drilling operations. Compared with conventional drilling (CD), the ultrasonic vibration-assisted drilling (UVAD) has attractive advantages: for instance, short chips, small cutting forces, etc. However, the mechanism of UVAD is still inadequate, especially in the thrust force prediction model and numerical simulation. In this study, a mathematical prediction model considering the ultrasonic vibration of the drill is established to calculate the thrust force of UVAD. A 3D finite element model (FEM) for the thrust force and chip morphology analysis is subsequently researched based on ABAQUS software. Finally, experiments of CD and UVAD of SiCp/Al6063 are performed. The results show that when the feed rate reaches 151.6 mm/min, the thrust force of UVAD decreases to 66.1 N, and width of the chip decreases to 228 um. As a result, the errors of the mathematical prediction and 3D FEM model of UVAD are about 12.1 and 17.4% for the thrust force, and the errors of the CD and UVAD of SiCp/Al6063 are 3.5 and 11.4% for the chip width, respectively. Compared with the CD, UVAD could reduce the thrust force and improve chip evacuation effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Ji
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, North China Institute of Aerospace Engineering, 133 Aimin East Road, Langfang, Hebei, China
| | - Fan Bai
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, North China Institute of Aerospace Engineering, 133 Aimin East Road, Langfang, Hebei, China
| | - Jiang Jiang
- Department of Additive Manufacturing, Beijing Spacecrafts Manufacturing Factory, 104 Youyi road, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Hongge Fu
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, North China Institute of Aerospace Engineering, 133 Aimin East Road, Langfang, Hebei, China
| | - Qingjie Sun
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, North China Institute of Aerospace Engineering, 133 Aimin East Road, Langfang, Hebei, China
| | - Weiyu Zhu
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, North China Institute of Aerospace Engineering, 133 Aimin East Road, Langfang, Hebei, China
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8
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Adibi H, Zarandi AM, Hatami O. Application of a Cryogenic Cooling System on the Grinding Operation of Polyether Ether Ketone Biomaterial (PEEK). ARABIAN JOURNAL FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13369-022-07497-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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9
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Current Concepts for Cutting Metal-Based and Polymer-Based Composite Materials. JOURNAL OF COMPOSITES SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/jcs6050150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Due to the variety of properties of the composites produced, determining the choice of the appropriate cutting technique is demanding. Therefore, it is necessary to know the problems associated with cutting operations, i.e., mechanical cutting (blanking), plasma cutting plasma, water jet cutting, abrasive water jet cutting, laser cutting and electrical discharge machining (EDM). The criterion for choosing the right cutting technique for a specific application depends not only on the expected cutting speed and material thickness, but it is also related to the physico-mechanical properties of the material being processed. In other words, the large variety of composite properties necessitates an individual approach determining the possibility of cutting a composite material with a specific method. This paper presents the achievements gained over the last ten years in the field of non-conventional cutting of metal-based and polymer-based composite materials. The greatest attention is paid to the methods of electrical discharge machining and ultrasonic cutting. The methods of high-energy cutting and water jet cutting are also considered and discussed. Although it is well-known that plasma cutting is not widely used in cutting composites, the authors also took into account this type of cutting treatment. The volume of each chapter depends on the dissemination of a given metal-based and polymer-based composite material cutting technique. For each cutting technique, the paper presents the phenomena that have a direct impact on the quality of the resulting surface and on the formation of the most important defects encountered. Finally, the identified current knowledge gaps are discussed.
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10
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Gao T, Zhang Y, Li C, Wang Y, An Q, Liu B, Said Z, Sharma S. Grindability of carbon fiber reinforced polymer using CNT biological lubricant. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22535. [PMID: 34795390 PMCID: PMC8602251 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02071-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) easily realizes the integrated manufacturing of components with high specific strength and stiffness, and it has become the preferred material in the aerospace field. Grinding is the key approach to realize precision parts and matching the positioning surface for assembly and precision. Hygroscopicity limits the application of flood lubrication in CFRP grinding, and dry grinding leads to large force, surface deterioration, and wheel clogging. To solve the above technical bottleneck, this study explored the grindability and frictional behavior of CNT biological lubricant MQL through grinding experiments and friction-wear tests. Results showed that the CNT biological lubricant reduced the friction coefficient by 53.47% compared with dry condition, showing optimal and durable antifriction characteristics. The new lubrication was beneficial to suppressing the removal of multifiber block debris, tensile fracture, and tensile-shear fracture, with the advantages of tribological properties and material removal behavior, the tangential and normal grinding force, and the specific grinding energy were reduced by 40.41%, 31.46%, and 55.78%, respectively, compared with dry grinding. The proposed method reduced surface roughness and obtained the optimal surface morphology by preventing burrs, fiber pull-out, and resin smearing, and wheel clogging was prevented by temperature reduction and lubricating oil film formation. Sa and Sq of the CNT biological lubricant were reduced by 8.4% and 7.9%, respectively, compared with dry grinding. This study provides a practical basis for further application of CNT biological lubricant in CFRP grinding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Gao
- Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, 266520, China
| | - Yanbin Zhang
- Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, 266520, China
| | - Changhe Li
- Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, 266520, China.
| | - Yiqi Wang
- Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Qinglong An
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Sichuan Future Aerospace Industry LLC., Shifang, 618400, China
| | - Zafar Said
- University of Sharjah, 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Shubham Sharma
- IK Gujral Punjab Technical University, Punjab, 144603, India
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11
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Lightweight Structural Materials in Open Access: Latest Trends. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14216577. [PMID: 34772103 PMCID: PMC8585198 DOI: 10.3390/ma14216577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The aeronautical and automotive industries have, as an essential objective, the energy efficiency optimization of aircraft and cars, while maintaining stringent functional requirements. One working line focuses on the use of lightweight structural materials to replace conventional materials. For this reason, it is considered enlightening to carry out an analysis of the literature published over the last 20 years through Open Access literature. For this purpose, a systematic methodology is applied to minimize the possible risks of bias in literature selection and analysis. Web of Science is used as a search engine. The final selection comprises the 30 articles with the highest average numbers of citations per year published from 2015 to 2020 and the 7 articles published from the period of 2000–2014. Overall, the selection is composed of 37 Open Access articles with 2482 total citations and an average of 67.1 citations per article/year published, and includes Q1 (62%) and Q2 (8%) articles and proceeding papers (30%). The study seeks to inform about the current trends in materials and processes in lightweight structural materials for aeronautical and automotive applications with a sustainable perspective. All the information collected is summarized in tables to facilitate searches and interpretation by interested researchers.
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12
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Lv D, Chen M, Yao Y, Yan C, Chen G, Zhu Y. High-frequency vibration effects on the hole integrity in rotary ultrasonic drilling of carbon fiber-reinforced plastic composites. ULTRASONICS 2021; 115:106448. [PMID: 33895527 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2021.106448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This investigation represented a fundamental research on the potential effects of the high-frequency vibration on the hole integrity involved in rotary ultrasonic drilling (RUD) of carbon fiber-reinforced plastic (CFRP) composites. It was found the increased thickness of the CFRP plate shrunk the flowing velocity of the coolant, which brought about the residual chippings gradually accumulated at the radial clearance between the tool and the material. Furthermore, the chipping accumulation at the clearance seriously increased the friction effects and the resultant thermal load, thus leading to the chipping adhesions on the tool surface and machined cylinder jamming at the central hole of the tool. The mutual constrain between two vertical bundles brought the delamination around the holes generated in conventional drilling (CD) process to a termination at the bundle interface. The ultrasonic superimposition reduced the thrust force of the diamond tool which provided inadequate energy for the delaminated fibers reaching the bundle interface. Moreover, hole position on the two-dimensional orthogonal fabrics significantly influenced the propagation of the delaminated fibers, which weakened the effects of the drilling parameters on the delamination dimensions. Additionally, superimposing an ultrasonic vibration prolonged the abrasive trajectories and increased their overlapping probability, and the induced smoothing effects resulted in the obvious reduction of the surface roughness. The tensile stress exerted on the margin of the machined surface was responsible for the initiation of the CD delamination. After the delaminated fibers reached the bundle interface, the further extrusion of tool brought about the margin suffered from the shear stress, thus leading to the collapse of the machined cylinder. Considering the thrust force of the diamond tool and the undrilled thickness of the machined surface, the critical conditions of the delamination initiation were developed, which revealing that the decreasing of the thrust force caused the reduction of the critical undrilled thickness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxi Lv
- Institute of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, PR China
| | - Mingda Chen
- Institute of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, PR China
| | - Youqiang Yao
- Institute of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, PR China
| | - Chun Yan
- Institute of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, PR China
| | - Gang Chen
- Institute of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, PR China
| | - Yingdan Zhu
- Institute of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, PR China; Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China.
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13
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Alam K, Iqbal M, Umer J, Amjad M, Al-Ghaithi A. Experimental study on biological damage in bone in vibrational drilling. Biomed Mater Eng 2020; 31:269-277. [PMID: 32986649 DOI: 10.3233/bme-201122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drilling is a well-known mechanical operation performed for fixing fracture at required locations in bone. The process may produce mechanical and thermal alterations in the structure of the bone and surrounding tissues leading to irreversible damage known as osteonecrosis. OBJECTIVE The main purpose of this study was to measure the level of biological damage in bone when a drill assisted by low and high levels of vibrations is penetrated into bone tissue. METHODS Histopathology examination of sections of bones has been performed after drilling the bone using a range of vibrational frequency and rotational speed imposed on the drill with and without supply of saline for cooling. RESULTS Cell damage in bone was caused by the combined effect of drill speed and frequency of vibrations. Histopathology examination revealed more damage to bone cells when a frequency higher than 20 kHz was used in the absence of cooling. Cooling the drilling region helped minimize cell damage more at a shallow depth of drilling compared to deep drilling in the cortex of cortical bone. The contribution of cooling in minimizing cell damage was higher with a lower drill speed and frequency compared to a higher drill speed and frequency. CONCLUSION Vibrational drilling using a lower drill speed and frequency below 25 kHz in the presence of cooling was found to be favorable for safe and efficient drilling in bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khurshid Alam
- Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Department, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoud, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Muhammad Iqbal
- Creative Engineering and Management Services, Deans Centre, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Jamal Umer
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Amjad
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, International Islamic University, Sector H-11, Islamabad, Pakistan
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14
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Zhao B, Bie W, Wang X, Chen F, Wang Y, Chang B. The effects of thermo-mechanical load on the vibrational characteristics of ultrasonic vibration system. ULTRASONICS 2019; 98:7-14. [PMID: 31146174 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2019.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The vibrational characteristics of ultrasonic vibration system play an important role in the stability and processing effect in ultrasonic machining. In this study, a theoretical analysis and experimental verification were employed to investigate the effect of the thermo-mechanical load on the vibrational characteristics of ultrasonic vibration system. Initially, a dynamic model was designed to analyze the influence of the thermo-mechanical load on the vibration characteristics. Based on the model, the single variable method was adopted to explore the effect of different mechanical loading and the rigidity coefficient of the tool on the vibrational characteristics. Then the experiment was conducted by imposing variable loads on the tool end face, and the amplitude, current, frequency and temperature of ultrasonic system were measured. Finally, the ultrasonic vibration drilling test was conducted to verify the experimental results. It was observed that the ultrasonic amplitude initially increased and later decreased with the increase in static load. In addition, with the increase in static load, the thermal effect was significant and the ultrasonic frequency presented a similar tendency, as the ultrasonic amplitude. Meanwhile, the variation of ultrasonic frequency was not significant under the thermo-mechanical load. The results of this study could provide a favorable reference in the design of an ultrasonic vibration system and selection the different tools in ultrasonic machining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhao
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, Henan, China
| | - Wenbo Bie
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, Henan, China.
| | - Xiaobo Wang
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, Henan, China
| | - Fan Chen
- School of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering, Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan, Henan, China
| | - Yi Wang
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, Henan, China
| | - Baoqi Chang
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, Henan, China
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15
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Yuan Z, Hu J, Wen Q, Cheng K, Zheng P. Investigation on an Innovative Method for High-Speed Low-Damage Micro-Cutting of CFRP Composites with Diamond Dicing Blades. MATERIALS 2018; 11:ma11101974. [PMID: 30322166 PMCID: PMC6212989 DOI: 10.3390/ma11101974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents an innovative method for high-speed micro-cutting of carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP). It employs a diamond dicing blade for micromachining applications, with a thickness of about 200 μm and rotational speeds up to 30,000 rpm so as to meet the low-damage surface integrity requirements. The process parameters, cutting damage, surface roughness, and the spindle vibration were thoroughly investigated to evaluate and validate the method. The results indicate that a high cutting speed up to 76 m/s not only remarkably increases the rigidity of an ultra-thin dicing blade, but also decreases the cutting depth per diamond grit to below 10 nm, both of which are very conducive to obtaining a very fine machined surface of about Ra 0.025 μm, with no obvious damage, such as delamination, burrs, and fiber pull out. The serious spindle vibration limits the rotational speed to increase further, and the rotational speed of 25,000 rpm achieves the best fine machined surface. Furthermore, unlike most research results of the drilling and milling method, the proposed micro-cutting method obtains the maximum cutting current and surface roughness when cutting at 0° fiber orientation, while obtaining a minimum cutting current and surface roughness when cutting at 90° fiber orientation. The metal-bonded dicing blade achieves smaller surface roughness than the resin-bonded dicing blade. This paper also discusses the cutting mechanism by investigating the morphology of the machined surface and concludes that the micro breakage and plastic-flow in local regions of fibers and resin are the main material removal mechanisms for dicing CFRP composites with a diamond abrasive blade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zewei Yuan
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang 110870, China.
| | - Jintao Hu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang 110870, China.
| | - Quan Wen
- School of Mechanical engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China.
| | - Kai Cheng
- College of Engineering, Design and Physical Sciences, Brunel University London, London UB8 3PH, UK.
| | - Peng Zheng
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang 110870, China.
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16
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Ning F, Wang H, Cong W, Fernando PKSC. A mechanistic ultrasonic vibration amplitude model during rotary ultrasonic machining of CFRP composites. ULTRASONICS 2017; 76:44-51. [PMID: 28040629 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2016.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Rotary ultrasonic machining (RUM) has been investigated in machining of brittle, ductile, as well as composite materials. Ultrasonic vibration amplitude, as one of the most important input variables, affects almost all the output variables in RUM. Numerous investigations on measuring ultrasonic vibration amplitude without RUM machining have been reported. In recent years, ultrasonic vibration amplitude measurement with RUM of ductile materials has been investigated. It is found that the ultrasonic vibration amplitude with RUM was different from that without RUM under the same input variables. RUM is primarily used in machining of brittle materials through brittle fracture removal. With this reason, the method for measuring ultrasonic vibration amplitude in RUM of ductile materials is not feasible for measuring that in RUM of brittle materials. However, there are no reported methods for measuring ultrasonic vibration amplitude in RUM of brittle materials. In this study, ultrasonic vibration amplitude in RUM of brittle materials is investigated by establishing a mechanistic amplitude model through cutting force. Pilot experiments are conducted to validate the calculation model. The results show that there are no significant differences between amplitude values calculated by model and those obtained from experimental investigations. The model can provide a relationship between ultrasonic vibration amplitude and input variables, which is a foundation for building models to predict other output variables in RUM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuda Ning
- Department of Industrial, Manufacturing, and Systems Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Industrial, Manufacturing, and Systems Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Weilong Cong
- Department of Industrial, Manufacturing, and Systems Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA.
| | - P K S C Fernando
- Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA
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17
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Geng D, Zhang D, Li Z, Liu D. Feasibility study of ultrasonic elliptical vibration-assisted reaming of carbon fiber reinforced plastics/titanium alloy stacks. ULTRASONICS 2017; 75:80-90. [PMID: 27939789 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2016.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The production of high quality bolt holes, especially on the carbon fiber reinforced plastics/titanium alloy (CFRP/Ti) stacks, is essential to the manufacturing process in order to facilitate part assembly and improve the component mechanical integrity in aerospace industry. Reaming is widely used as a mandatory operation for bolt holes to meet the strict industry requirements. In this paper, the ultrasonic elliptical vibration-assisted reaming (UEVR) which is considered as a new method for finish machining of CFRP/Ti stacked holes is studied. The paper outlines an analysis of tool performance and hole quality in UEVR compared with that in conventional reaming (CR). Experimental results show that the quality of holes was significantly improved in UEVR. This is substantiated by monitoring cutting force, hole geometric precision and surface finish. The average thrust forces and torque in UEVR were decreased over 30% and 60% respectively. It is found that, during first 45 holes, better diameter tolerance (IT7 vs. IT8), smaller diameter difference of CFRP and Ti holes (around 3μm vs. 12μm), better geometrical errors were achieved in UEVR as compared to CR. As for surface finish, both of the average roughness and hole surface topography in UEVR were obviously improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daxi Geng
- School of Mechanical Engineering & Automation, Beihang University, No. 37 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Deyuan Zhang
- School of Mechanical Engineering & Automation, Beihang University, No. 37 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Zhe Li
- School of Mechanical Engineering & Automation, Beihang University, No. 37 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Dapeng Liu
- Chengdu Aircraft Industrial (Group) Co., Ltd., Huangtianba, Qingyang District, Chengdu 610000, China
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18
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Wang J, Feng P, Zhang J, Cai W, Shen H. Investigations on the critical feed rate guaranteeing the effectiveness of rotary ultrasonic machining. ULTRASONICS 2017; 74:81-88. [PMID: 27750178 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Revised: 09/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Rotary ultrasonic machining (RUM) is a well-known and efficient method for manufacturing holes in brittle materials. RUM is characterized by improved material removal rates, reduced cutting forces and reduced edge chipping sizes at the hole exit. The aim of this study is to investigate the critical feed rate to guarantee the effectiveness of RUM. Experimental results on quartz glass and sapphire specimens show that when the feed rate exceeds a critical value, the cutting force increases abruptly, accompanied by a significant decrease of ultrasonic amplitude. An analytical model for the prediction of critical feed rates is presented, based on indentation fracture mechanic and the theory of impact of vibrating systems. This model establishes the theoretical relationships between the critical feed rate, idling resonant ultrasonic amplitude and spindle speed. The results predicted by the analytical model were in good agreement with the experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Beijing Key Lab of Precision/Ultra-precision Manufacturing Equipments and Control, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Pingfa Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Division of Advanced Manufacturing, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jianfu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Beijing Key Lab of Precision/Ultra-precision Manufacturing Equipments and Control, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Wanchong Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Beijing Key Lab of Precision/Ultra-precision Manufacturing Equipments and Control, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hao Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Beijing Key Lab of Precision/Ultra-precision Manufacturing Equipments and Control, Beijing 100084, China
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