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Xia M, Xiong S, Li Z, Fan S, Chen Y, Zhou L, Zhang K, Li X. Surgical treatment of pelvic lipomatosis: a systematic review of 231 cases. Ther Adv Urol 2023; 15:17562872231217842. [PMID: 38152349 PMCID: PMC10752117 DOI: 10.1177/17562872231217842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Pelvic lipomatosis (PL) is a rare condition that is characterized by excessive growth of fat in the pelvic cavity. Studies have yet to systematically review surgical treatments for PL. Objectives To provide a reference for selecting reasonable surgical treatments for PL patients according to previous literature on the surgical treatment of PL. Design and methods We conducted this systematic review in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) of Individual Participant Data guidelines. Literature on PL published from 1968 to 2022 was retrieved from the PubMed and EMBASE databases. Data were collected and analyzed independently by two independent investigators. Results A total of 42 studies, involving 231 patients with PL, were included in the analysis. The surgical treatments included transurethral resection (TUR) (48.5%), ureteral stent placement (11.7%), percutaneous nephrostomy (1.3%), ureterocutaneostomy (1.3%), ureteral reimplantation (10.4%), ileal conduit (13%), and allograft kidney transplantation (0.4%). After excluding patients with unclear prognoses, 42.9% of patients showed improvement in lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) after TUR. Ureteral stent placement provided relief of hydronephrosis in 62.5% of PL patients. Percutaneous nephrostomy resulted in stable renal function in 33.3% of PL patients, while ureterocutaneostomy led to remission of postoperative hydronephrosis in 33.3% of PL patients. After ureteral reimplantation, 70.8% of patients experienced relief of hydronephrosis or had stable renal function. Ileal conduit led to remission of hydronephrosis, alleviation of symptoms, or maintenance of stable renal function in 83.3% of PL patients. One patient with PL had stable renal function after allograft renal transplantation. Conclusion The surgical treatments for PL include TUR, ureteral stent placement, urinary diversion, and allograft renal transplantation. However, the choice of surgical method should be determined after comprehensive consideration of the patient's condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mancheng Xia
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital
- Institution of Urology, Peking University
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urogenital Diseases (Male) Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center
- National Urological Cancer Center, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Shengwei Xiong
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital
- Institution of Urology, Peking University
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urogenital Diseases (Male) Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center
- National Urological Cancer Center, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Zhihua Li
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital
- Institution of Urology, Peking University
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urogenital Diseases (Male) Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center
- National Urological Cancer Center, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Shubo Fan
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital
- Institution of Urology, Peking University
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urogenital Diseases (Male) Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center
- National Urological Cancer Center, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Yuke Chen
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital
- Institution of Urology, Peking University
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urogenital Diseases (Male) Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center
- National Urological Cancer Center, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Liqun Zhou
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital
- Institution of Urology, Peking University
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urogenital Diseases (Male) Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center
- National Urological Cancer Center, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital
- Institution of Urology, Peking University
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urogenital Diseases (Male) Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center
- National Urological Cancer Center, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Xuesong Li
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital
- Institution of Urology, Peking University
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urogenital Diseases (Male) Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center
- National Urological Cancer Center, Beijing, 100034, China
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Flor JMS, Gaston MJFV, Lapitan MCM. Pelvic lipomatosis associated with bilateral obstructive uropathy and proliferative cystitis. BMJ Case Rep 2021; 14:e233428. [PMID: 34404639 PMCID: PMC8372792 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2019-233428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Pelvic lipomatosis is a rare benign entity characterised by excessive deposition of adipose tissue in the perirectal and perivesical spaces. We describe a 43-year-old man with bilateral distal ureteral obstruction secondary to pelvic lipomatosis with concomitant proliferative cystitis resulting in severe hydronephrosis. We performed urinary diversion with percutaneous nephrostomy tube insertion to prevent further renal impairment. The patient was advised close follow-up to monitor the increased risk of bladder adenocarcinoma transformation observed in patients with cystitis glandularis. This report, compliant with the CARE (CAse REport) guidelines for clinical case reporting, presents another case of pelvic lipomatosis associated with acute kidney failure, bilateral hydronephrosis and proliferative cystitis without urodynamic evidence of bladder outlet obstruction that may serve to guide urologists in managing patients with a similar profile.
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Ashwin Shekar P, Reddy D. Difficult cystoscopy due to "Elongated" urethra- think of pelvic lipomatosis. Urol Case Rep 2020; 34:101492. [PMID: 33251114 PMCID: PMC7677687 DOI: 10.1016/j.eucr.2020.101492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Pelvic lipomatosis is a rare, proliferative disease with unknown etiology involving an overgrowth of normal fat in the pelvic retroperitoneal space. 1-5 Cystitis glandularis or cystitis cystica can be observed in 75% of patients with pelvic lipomatosis. 5 We describe a 44-yr-old chronic smoker with suspicion of bladder mass who was referred to us following an inconclusive cystoscopy due to an "elongated” urethra and was later diagnosed to be a case of pelvic lipomatosis with cystitis cystica. Because the association of this condition with bladder adenocarcinoma and the possibility of obstructive uropathy later, we have kept the patient on close follow-up.
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Agrawal A, Kumar D, Jha AA, Aggarwal P. Incidence of adenocarcinoma bladder in patients with cystitis cystica et glandularis: A retrospective study. Indian J Urol 2020; 36:297-302. [PMID: 33376267 PMCID: PMC7759183 DOI: 10.4103/iju.iju_261_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Cystitis cystica et glandularis (CCG) is a hyper proliferative condition, likely representing a local immune response to chronic inflammatory stimulus. It has been hypothesized as a potential precursor of adenocarcinoma; however, a definite association has not been demonstrated. We aimed to determine whether CCG is a precursor to malignancy and to study the correlation of its two histological variants: the typical and the intestinal metaplasia (IM) type CCG. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective study, all the cases of CCG diagnosed and treated between January 2012 and December 2019 were analyzed. All the cases were followed up cystoscopically and biopsies were taken if the lesion persisted. The development of adenocarcinoma during the follow-up was noted. The patients were divided into two groups based on the histological subtype, i.e., the typical type and the IM type, and the two groups were also compared in terms of presentation, cystoscopic appearance, and development of adenocarcinoma. Results: A total of 64 patients, with 52 in the typical and 12 in the IM group were analyzed. The commonest symptom was hematuria (59.38%), followed by irritative bladder symptoms (51.56%). The median follow-up period was 5 years and 5 months (range: 7–96 months) and no patient progressed to adenocarcinoma. On comparing the two groups, the lesions weresignificantly more extensive in the IM group (50% vs. 15.38%). However, there were no differences in the symptoms or the development of malignancy between the two groups. Conclusions: At a median of 5 years and 5 months of follow up, CCG (including the IM-type) did not show any increase in the risk of malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Agrawal
- Department of Urology, Command Hospital (Western Command), Panchkula, Haryana, India
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Department of Urology, Command Hospital (Western Command), Panchkula, Haryana, India
| | - Aditya A Jha
- Department of Surgery, Military Hospital, Secundrabad, Telangana, India
| | - Puneet Aggarwal
- Department of Urology, Army Hospital (R and R), New Delhi, India
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Ali A, Swain S, Manoharan M. Pelvic lipomatosis: Bladder sparing extirpation of pelvic mass to relieve bladder storage dysfunction symptoms and pelvic pain. Cent European J Urol 2014; 67:287-8. [PMID: 25247089 PMCID: PMC4165674 DOI: 10.5173/ceju.2014.03.art15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Revised: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Pelvic lipomatosis is a rare benign disease, associated with overgrowth of fat in the perivesical and perirectal area. It is of unknown etiology. We describe a 45–year–old male with pelvic lipomatosis causing bladder storage dysfunction symptoms and pelvic pain that affected his quality of life. Surgical excision of the pelvic mass with bladder preservation was performed. After surgery, the patient had a marked improvement in his quality of life, with resolution of bladder storage dysfunction symptoms and pelvic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Ali
- Department of Urology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Sanjaya Swain
- Department of Urology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Murugesan Manoharan
- Department of Urology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
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Yi X, Lu H, Wu Y, Shen Y, Meng Q, Cheng J, Tang Y, Wu F, Ou R, Jiang S, Bai X, Xie K. Cystitis glandularis: A controversial premalignant lesion. Oncol Lett 2014; 8:1662-1664. [PMID: 25202387 PMCID: PMC4156188 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2014.2360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystitis glandularis (CG) has been hypothesized as a potential precursor of adenocarcinoma, although this remains controversial. The present study reports data accumulated from 166 cases of cystitis glandularis with follow-up periods ranging between 0.5 and 17 years. The association between intestinal and typical CG and bladder carcinoma was retrospectively evaluated. The patients included in the present study had presented with typical (n=155) or intestinal (n=11) CG between 1994 and 2010. Of those patients, concurrent carcinoma of the bladder was identified in 15 (9.0%) patients, including two cases of squamous cell carcinoma and 1 case of sarcoma. The cases of carcinoma were identified either prior to or concurrently with the diagnosis of CG. Follow-up was available for 9/11 (81.8%) patients with intestinal CG. Nine months following transurethral fulguration, 8/11 (72.7%) patients were in complete remission and 1/11 (9.1%) complained of urgency and dysuria; two patients were lost to follow-up. The follow-up of the patients ranged from 0.7 to 4.5 years (median, 2.67 years; mean, 2.82 years). No evidence of subsequent carcinoma was identified in any of the patients during the follow-up of the intestinal and typical CG groups. In addition, there was no evidence of carcinoma subsequent to CG in either of the typical or intestinal CG groups. The results did not support that CG increases the future risk of malignancy in the short term and repeated cystoscopies over a short period of time are not recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianlin Yi
- Department of Urology, Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University and Guangxi Cancer Research Institute, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Haoyuan Lu
- Department of Urology, Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University and Guangxi Cancer Research Institute, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Yuexian Wu
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Yang Shen
- Department of Urology, Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University and Guangxi Cancer Research Institute, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Qinggui Meng
- Department of Urology, Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University and Guangxi Cancer Research Institute, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Jiweng Cheng
- Department of Urology, Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University and Guangxi Cancer Research Institute, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Yong Tang
- Department of Urology, Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University and Guangxi Cancer Research Institute, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Fengxue Wu
- Emergency Department, Jingzhou Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong, Wuhan, Hubei 432020, P.R. China
| | - Rubiao Ou
- Department of Urology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510180, P.R. China
| | - Shaojun Jiang
- Department of Urology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510180, P.R. China
| | - Xianzhong Bai
- Department of Urology, Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University and Guangxi Cancer Research Institute, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Keji Xie
- Department of Urology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510180, P.R. China
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Eastman R, Leaf EM, Zhang D, True LD, Sweet RM, Seidel K, Siebert JR, Grady R, Mitchell ME, Bassuk JA. Fibroblast growth factor-10 signals development of von Brunn's nests in the exstrophic bladder. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2010; 299:F1094-110. [PMID: 20719973 PMCID: PMC2980411 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00056.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2010] [Accepted: 08/16/2010] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
von Brunn's nests have long been recognized as precursors of benign lesions of the urinary bladder mucosa. We report here that von Brunn's nests are especially prevalent in the exstrophic bladder, a birth defect that predisposes the patient to formation of bladder cancer. Cells of von Brunn's nest were found to coalesce into a stratified, polarized epithelium which surrounds itself with a capsule-like structure rich in types I, III, and IV collagen. Histocytochemical analysis and keratin profiling demonstrated that nested cells exhibited a phenotype similar, but not identical, to that of urothelial cells of transitional epithelium. Immunostaining and in situ hybridization analysis of exstrophic tissue demonstrated that the FGF-10 receptor is synthesized and retained by cells of von Brunn's nest. In contrast, FGF-10 is synthesized and secreted by mesenchymal fibroblasts via a paracrine pathway that targets basal epithelial cells of von Brunn's nests. Small clusters of 10pRp cells, positive for both FGF-10 and its receptor, were observed both proximal to and inside blood vessels in the lamina propria. The collective evidence points to a mechanism where von Brunn's nests develop under the control of the FGF-10 signal transduction system and suggests that 10pRp cells may be the original source of nested cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocky Eastman
- Program in Human Urothelial Biology, Center for Tissue and Cell Sciences, Seattle Children's Research Institute, 1900 9th Ave., Mailstop C9S-5, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
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Horiuchi K, Ohgaki K, Sato M, Oka F, Nishimura T. A case of asymptomatic cystitis glandularis found incidentally with ultrasonography at a private clinic. J NIPPON MED SCH 2009; 75:347-9. [PMID: 19155573 DOI: 10.1272/jnms.75.347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A 46-year-old man was transferred to our hospital because of a bladder mass. The mass could not be distinguished from a primary bladder tumor or a tumor invading from another organ with computed tomography, magnetic resonance, or cystoscopic examination. Transurethral resection of the mass was performed, and the pathological diagnosis was typical cystitis glandularis. The patient has been followed up with cytologic examination and ultrasonography, and after 10 months there has been no new growth of the mass or malignant change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazutaka Horiuchi
- Department of Urologic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan.
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Smith AK, Hansel DE, Jones JS. Role of Cystitis Cystica et Glandularis and Intestinal Metaplasia in Development of Bladder Carcinoma. Urology 2008; 71:915-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2007.11.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2007] [Revised: 10/05/2007] [Accepted: 11/15/2007] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Touffahi M, Fredj N, Lefi M, Hafsa C, Hallara W, Moussa A, Saad H. [To analyse diagnosis, management and prognosis of florid cystitis glandularis (pseudoneoplastic entity)]. Prog Urol 2008; 17:968-72. [PMID: 17969799 DOI: 10.1016/s1166-7087(07)92399-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To analyse diagnosis, management and prognosis of florid cystitis glandularis (pseudoneplastic entity). PATIENTS AND METHODS A retrospective study of 6 consecutive patients with florid cystitis glandularis seen at the department of Urology of Monastir (Tunisia) from January 1996 to July 2006. All patients underwent ultrasonography, and cystoscopy. Computed tomography (CT) was performed in four patients and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in one patient. RESULTS The six patients, all of whom were male, ranged from 22 to 68 (average 42) years of age. The most common complaints was haematuria. Radiological examination and cystoscopy suggested a bladder tumor in all patients. Histopathology revealed features of cystitis glandularis of intestinal type. Features of the pelvic CT and MRI were consistent with the diagnosis of pelvic lipomatosis in one patient. The endoscopic resection was performed in 5 patients. Recurrence occurred in one of these 5 patients within one and 7 years of follow-up. The other patient had developed a low compliance small-capacity bladder and bilateral ureteral obstruction. A total cystoprostatectomy and ileal neobladder construction was considered, but it was declined by the patient. The patient was treated with anti-inflammatory drug (Indometacine 100 mg/day). CONCLUSION Cystitis glandularis may be mistaken for bladder tumor The diagnosis is histological. Treatment is based on eradication of the irritative factors and endoscopic resection of the tumoral masses. The clinical course is unclear, requiring long-term fellow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mounir Touffahi
- Service d'urologie CHU Fattouma Bourguiba Monastir, Tunisie.
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Semins MJ, Schoenberg MP. A case of florid cystitis glandularis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 4:341-5. [PMID: 17551538 DOI: 10.1038/ncpuro0814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2006] [Accepted: 04/17/2007] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A 32-year-old healthy woman from China was diagnosed with a bladder mass during pelvic ultrasonography, carried out during the work-up of a miscarriage. Cystoscopy by the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology confirmed the presence of a bladder mass, after which she was referred to our department for evaluation and management. The patient was asymptomatic at presentation. She denied urologic symptoms and did not have a history of smoking or industrial exposure to carcinogens. INVESTIGATIONS Laboratory test results and urine studies were unremarkable. Cytology revealed benign cells with numerous micro-organisms. Intravenous pyelography revealed a 1 x 2 cm filling defect in the mid posterior bladder compatible with a mass. There were no upper urinary tract defects. We performed cystoscopy with transurethral resection of the bladder tumor. DIAGNOSIS Pathology revealed cystitis glandularis. MANAGEMENT The patient was followed up with repeat cystoscopy after 4 months; there was no evidence of recurrence. She was scheduled for surveillance after a further 3 months, but was lost to follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Jo Semins
- James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
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