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Poria R, Kala D, Nagraik R, Dhir Y, Dhir S, Singh B, Kaushik NK, Noorani MS, Kaushal A, Gupta S. Vaccine development: Current trends and technologies. Life Sci 2024; 336:122331. [PMID: 38070863 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Despite the effectiveness of vaccination in reducing or eradicating diseases caused by pathogens, there remain certain diseases and emerging infections for which developing effective vaccines is inherently challenging. Additionally, developing vaccines for individuals with compromised immune systems or underlying medical conditions presents significant difficulties. As well as traditional vaccine different methods such as inactivated or live attenuated vaccines, viral vector vaccines, and subunit vaccines, emerging non-viral vaccine technologies, including viral-like particle and nanoparticle vaccines, DNA/RNA vaccines, and rational vaccine design, offer new strategies to address the existing challenges in vaccine development. These advancements have also greatly enhanced our understanding of vaccine immunology, which will guide future vaccine development for a broad range of diseases, including rapidly emerging infectious diseases like COVID-19 and diseases that have historically proven resistant to vaccination. This review provides a comprehensive assessment of emerging non-viral vaccine production methods and their application in addressing the fundamental and current challenges in vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renu Poria
- Department of Bio-Sciences and Technology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to Be) University, Mullana, Ambala 134003, India
| | - Deepak Kala
- Centera Laboratories, Institute of High Pressure Physics PAS, 01-142 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Rupak Nagraik
- School of Bioengineering and Food Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Yashika Dhir
- Department of Bio-Sciences and Technology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to Be) University, Mullana, Ambala 134003, India
| | - Sunny Dhir
- Department of Bio-Sciences and Technology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to Be) University, Mullana, Ambala 134003, India
| | - Bharat Singh
- Department of Bio-Sciences and Technology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to Be) University, Mullana, Ambala 134003, India
| | - Naveen Kumar Kaushik
- Amity Institute of Virology and Immunology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector-125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Md Salik Noorani
- Department of Botany, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Ankur Kaushal
- Department of Bio-Sciences and Technology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to Be) University, Mullana, Ambala 134003, India.
| | - Shagun Gupta
- Department of Bio-Sciences and Technology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to Be) University, Mullana, Ambala 134003, India.
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Kostina LV, Filatov IE, Eliseeva OV, Latyshev OE, Chernoryzh YY, Yurlov KI, Lesnova EI, Khametova KM, Cherepushkin SA, Savochkina TE, Tsibezov VV, Kryshen KL, Alekseeva LI, Zaykova ON, Grebennikova TV. [Study of the safety and immunogenicity of VLP-based vaccine for the prevention of rotavirus infection in neonatal minipig model]. Vopr Virusol 2023; 68:415-427. [PMID: 38156575 DOI: 10.36233/0507-4088-194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In Russia, almost half of the cases of acute intestinal infections of established etiology in 2022 are due to rotavirus infection (RVI). There is no specific treatment for rotavirus gastroenteritis. There is a need to develop modern, effective and safe vaccines to combat rotavirus infection that are not capable of multiplying (replicating) in the body of the vaccinated person. A promising approach is to create vaccines based on virus-like particles (VLPs). OBJECTIVE Study of the safety and immunogenicity of a vaccine against rotavirus infection based on virus-like particles of human rotavirus A in newborn minipigs with multiple intramuscular administration. MATERIALS AND METHODS Newborn minipigs were used as an animal model in this study. The safety of the tested vaccine was assessed based on thermometry data, clinical examination, body weight gain, clinical and biochemical blood parameters, as well as necropsy and histological examination. When studying the immunogenic properties of the Gam-VLP-rota vaccine in doses of 30 and 120 µg, the cellular, humoral and secretory immune response was studied. RESULTS The results of assessing the general condition of animals during the immunization period, data from clinical, laboratory and pathomorphological studies indicate the safety of the vaccine against human rotavirus infection based on VLP (Gam-VLP-rota) when administered three times intramuscularly. Good local tolerance of the tested vaccine was demonstrated. The results of the assessment of humoral immunity indicate the formation of a stable immune response after three-time immunization with Gam-VLP-rota, stimulation of the production of antigen-specific IgG antibodies and their functional activity to neutralize human rotavirus A. It was shown that following the triple immunization with the minimum tested concentration of 30 µg/dose, animals developed a cell-mediated immune response. The results of the IgA titer in blood serum and intestinal lavages indicate the formation of both a systemic immunological response and the formation of specific secretory immunity to human rotavirus A. CONCLUSION Thus, three-time intramuscular immunization of minipigs with the Gam-VLP-rota vaccine forms stable protective humoral and cellular immunity in experimental animals. Evaluated vaccine is safe and has good local tolerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- L V Kostina
- National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N.F. Gamaleya of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
| | - I E Filatov
- National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N.F. Gamaleya of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
| | - O V Eliseeva
- National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N.F. Gamaleya of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
| | - O E Latyshev
- National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N.F. Gamaleya of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
| | - Y Y Chernoryzh
- National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N.F. Gamaleya of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
| | - K I Yurlov
- National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N.F. Gamaleya of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
| | - E I Lesnova
- National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N.F. Gamaleya of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
| | - K M Khametova
- National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N.F. Gamaleya of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
| | - S A Cherepushkin
- National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N.F. Gamaleya of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
| | - T E Savochkina
- National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N.F. Gamaleya of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
| | - V V Tsibezov
- National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N.F. Gamaleya of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
| | | | | | - O N Zaykova
- National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N.F. Gamaleya of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
| | - T V Grebennikova
- National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N.F. Gamaleya of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
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Andrianov AK, Langer R. Polyphosphazene immunoadjuvants: Historical perspective and recent advances. J Control Release 2021; 329:299-315. [PMID: 33285104 PMCID: PMC7904599 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The development of successful vaccines has been increasingly reliant on the use of immunoadjuvants - additives, which can enhance and modulate immune responses to vaccine antigens. Immunoadjuvants of the polyphosphazene family encompass synthetic biodegradable macromolecules, which attain in vivo activity via antigen delivery and immunostimulation mechanisms. Over the last decades, the technology has witnessed evolvement of next generation members, expansion to include various antigens and routes of administration, and progression to clinical phase. This was accompanied by gaining important insights into the mechanism of action and the development of a novel class of virus-mimicking nano-assemblies for antigen delivery. The present review evaluates in vitro and in vivo data generated to date in the context of latest advances in understanding the primary function and biophysical behavior of these macromolecules. It also provides an overview of relevant synthetic and characterization methods, macromolecular biodegradation pathways, and polyphosphazene-based multi-component, nanoparticulate, and microfabricated formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander K Andrianov
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.
| | - Robert Langer
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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Brisse M, Vrba SM, Kirk N, Liang Y, Ly H. Emerging Concepts and Technologies in Vaccine Development. Front Immunol 2020; 11:583077. [PMID: 33101309 PMCID: PMC7554600 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.583077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the success of vaccination to greatly mitigate or eliminate threat of diseases caused by pathogens, there are still known diseases and emerging pathogens for which the development of successful vaccines against them is inherently difficult. In addition, vaccine development for people with compromised immunity and other pre-existing medical conditions has remained a major challenge. Besides the traditional inactivated or live attenuated, virus-vectored and subunit vaccines, emerging non-viral vaccine technologies, such as viral-like particle and nanoparticle vaccines, DNA/RNA vaccines, and rational vaccine design, offer innovative approaches to address existing challenges of vaccine development. They have also significantly advanced our understanding of vaccine immunology and can guide future vaccine development for many diseases, including rapidly emerging infectious diseases, such as COVID-19, and diseases that have not traditionally been addressed by vaccination, such as cancers and substance abuse. This review provides an integrative discussion of new non-viral vaccine development technologies and their use to address the most fundamental and ongoing challenges of vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan Brisse
- Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics Graduate Program, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, St. Paul, MN, United States
- Department of Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, St. Paul, MN, United States
| | - Sophia M. Vrba
- Department of Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, St. Paul, MN, United States
| | - Natalie Kirk
- Department of Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, St. Paul, MN, United States
- Comparative Molecular Biosciences Graduate Program, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, St. Paul, MN, United States
| | - Yuying Liang
- Department of Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, St. Paul, MN, United States
| | - Hinh Ly
- Department of Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, St. Paul, MN, United States
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Venkataraman S, Reddy VS, Khurana SMP. Biomedical Applications of Viral Nanoparticles in Vaccine Therapy. Nanobiomedicine (Rij) 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-32-9898-9_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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Ghosh S, Malik YS, Kobayashi N. Therapeutics and Immunoprophylaxis Against Noroviruses and Rotaviruses: The Past, Present, and Future. Curr Drug Metab 2018; 19:170-191. [PMID: 28901254 PMCID: PMC5971199 DOI: 10.2174/1389200218666170912161449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Revised: 09/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background: Noroviruses and rotaviruses are important viral etiologies of severe gastroenteritis. Noroviruses are the primary cause of nonbacterial diarrheal outbreaks in humans, whilst rotaviruses are a major cause of childhood diarrhea. Although both enteric pathogens substantially impact human health and economies, there are no approved drugs against noroviruses and rotaviruses so far. On the other hand, whilst the currently licensed rotavirus vaccines have been successfully implemented in over 100 countries, the most advanced norovirus vaccine has recently completed phase-I and II trials. Methods: We performed a structured search of bibliographic databases for peer-reviewed research litera-ture on advances in the fields of norovirus and rotavirus therapeutics and immunoprophylaxis. Results: Technological advances coupled with a proper understanding of viral morphology and replication over the past decade has facilitated pioneering research on therapeutics and immunoprophylaxis against noroviruses and rotaviruses, with promising outcomes in human clinical trials of some of the drugs and vaccines. This review focuses on the various developments in the fields of norovirus and rotavirus thera-peutics and immunoprophylaxis, such as potential antiviral drug molecules, passive immunotherapies (oral human immunoglobulins, egg yolk and bovine colostral antibodies, llama-derived nanobodies, and anti-bodies expressed in probiotics, plants, rice grains and insect larvae), immune system modulators, probiot-ics, phytochemicals and other biological substances such as bovine milk proteins, therapeutic nanoparti-cles, hydrogels and viscogens, conventional viral vaccines (live and inactivated whole virus vaccines), and genetically engineered viral vaccines (reassortant viral particles, virus-like particles (VLPs) and other sub-unit recombinant vaccines including multi-valent viral vaccines, edible plant vaccines, and encapsulated viral particles). Conclusions: This review provides important insights into the various approaches to therapeutics and im-munoprophylaxis against noroviruses and rotaviruses..
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Affiliation(s)
- Souvik Ghosh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, St. Kitts and Nevis, West Indies.,Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yashpal Singh Malik
- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar 243 122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Nobumichi Kobayashi
- Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
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Kondakova OA, Nikitin NA, Trifonova EA, Atabekov JG, Karpova OV. Rotavirus Vaccines: New Strategies and Approaches. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.3103/s0096392517040071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Diseases of the Alimentary Tract. Vet Med (Auckl) 2017. [PMCID: PMC7167529 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-7020-5246-0.00007-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Xue M, Yu L, Jia L, Li Y, Zeng Y, Li T, Ge S, Xia N. Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of rotavirus VP8* fused to cholera toxin B subunit in a mouse model. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2016; 12:2959-2968. [PMID: 27435429 PMCID: PMC5137547 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2016.1204501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In attempts to develop recombinant subunit vaccines against rotavirus disease, it was previously shown that the N-terminal truncated VP8* protein, VP8-1 (aa26-231), is a good vaccine candidate when used for immunization in combination with Freund's adjuvant. However, this protein stimulated only weak immune response when aluminum hydroxide was used as an adjuvant. In this study, the nontoxic B subunit of cholera toxin (CTB) was employed as intra-molecular adjuvant to improve the immunogenicity of VP8-1. Both, the N-terminal and C-terminal fusion proteins, were purified to homogeneity, at which stage they formed pentamers, and showed significantly higher immunogenicity and protective efficacy than a VP8-1/aluminum hydroxide mixture in a mouse model. Compared to VP8-1-CTB, CTB-VP8-1 showed higher binding activity to both, GM1 and the conformation sensitive neutralizing monoclonal antibodies specific to VP8. More importantly, CTB-VP8-1 elicited higher titers of neutralizing antibodies and conferred higher protective efficacy than VP8-1-CTB. Therefore, the protein CTB-VP8-1, with enhanced immunogenicity and immunoprotectivity, could be considered as a viable candidate for further development of an alternative, replication-incompetent, parenterally administered vaccine against rotavirus disease.
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MESH Headings
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/genetics
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/metabolism
- Animals
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/blood
- Antibodies, Viral/blood
- Cholera Toxin/genetics
- Cholera Toxin/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- RNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- RNA-Binding Proteins/immunology
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/genetics
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/immunology
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism
- Rotavirus Infections/prevention & control
- Rotavirus Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Rotavirus Vaccines/genetics
- Rotavirus Vaccines/immunology
- Vaccines, Subunit/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Subunit/genetics
- Vaccines, Subunit/immunology
- Vaccines, Synthetic/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Synthetic/genetics
- Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology
- Viral Nonstructural Proteins/genetics
- Viral Nonstructural Proteins/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaoge Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Life Science and School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Linqi Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Life Science and School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Lianzhi Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Life Science and School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yijian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Life Science and School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yuanjun Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Life Science and School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Tingdong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Life Science and School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Shengxiang Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Life Science and School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Ningshao Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Life Science and School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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Tekewe A, Fan Y, Tan E, Middelberg APJ, Lua LHL. Integrated molecular and bioprocess engineering for bacterially produced immunogenic modular virus-like particle vaccine displaying 18 kDa rotavirus antigen. Biotechnol Bioeng 2016; 114:397-406. [PMID: 27497268 DOI: 10.1002/bit.26068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2016] [Revised: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
A high global burden of rotavirus disease and the unresolved challenges with the marketed rotavirus vaccines, particularly in the developing world, have ignited efforts to develop virus-like particle (VLP) vaccines for rotavirus. While rotavirus-like particles comprising multiple viral proteins can be difficult to process, modular VLPs presenting rotavirus antigenic modules are promising alternatives in reducing process complexity and cost. In this study, integrated molecular and bioprocess engineering approaches were used to simplify the production of modular murine polyomavirus capsomeres and VLPs presenting a rotavirus 18 kDa VP8* antigen. A single construct was generated for dual expression of non-tagged murine polyomavirus capsid protein VP1 and modular VP1 inserted with VP8*, for co-expression in Escherichia coli. Co-expressed proteins assembled into pentameric capsomeres in E. coli. A selective salting-out precipitation and a polishing size exclusion chromatography step allowed the recovery of stable modular capsomeres from cell lysates at high purity, and modular capsomeres were successfully translated into modular VLPs when assembled in vitro. Immunogenicity study in mice showed that modular capsomeres and VLPs induced high levels of VP8*-specific antibodies. Our results demonstrate that a multipronged synthetic biology approach combining molecular and bioprocess engineering enabled simple and low-cost production of highly immunogenic modular capsomeres and VLPs presenting conformational VP8* antigenic modules. This strategy potentially provides a cost-effective production route for modular capsomere and VLP vaccines against rotavirus, highly suitable to manufacturing economics for the developing world. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2017;114: 397-406. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alemu Tekewe
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnoloy, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Yuanyuan Fan
- Protein Expression Facility, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Emilyn Tan
- Protein Expression Facility, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Anton P J Middelberg
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnoloy, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Linda H L Lua
- Protein Expression Facility, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
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Pêra FFPG, Mutepfa DLR, Khan AM, Els JH, Mbewana S, van Dijk AAA, Rybicki EP, Hitzeroth II. Engineering and expression of a human rotavirus candidate vaccine in Nicotiana benthamiana. Virol J 2015; 12:205. [PMID: 26626122 PMCID: PMC4667453 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-015-0436-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human rotaviruses are the main cause of severe gastroenteritis in children and are responsible for over 500 000 deaths annually. There are two live rotavirus vaccines currently available, one based on human rotavirus serotype G1P[8], and the other a G1-G4 P[8] pentavalent vaccine. However, the recent emergence of the G9 and other novel rotavirus serotypes in Africa and Asia has prompted fears that current vaccines might not be fully effective against these new varieties. RESULTS We report an effort to develop an affordable candidate rotavirus vaccine against the new emerging G9P[6] (RVA/Human-wt/ZAF/GR10924/1999/G9P[6]) strain. The vaccine is based on virus-like particles which are both highly immunogenic and safe. The vaccine candidate was produced in Nicotiana benthamiana by transient expression, as plants allow rapid production of antigens at lower costs, without the risk of contamination by animal pathogens. Western blot analysis of plant extracts confirmed the successful expression of two rotavirus capsid proteins, VP2 and VP6. These proteins assembled into VLPs resembling native rotavirus particles when analysed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Expression of the rotavirus glycoprotein VP7 and the spike protein VP4 was also tried. However, VP7 expression caused plant wilting during the course of the time trial and expression could never be detected for either protein. We therefore created three fusion proteins adding the antigenic part of VP4 (VP8*) to VP6 in an attempt to produce more appropriately immunogenic particles. Fusion protein expression in tobacco plants was detected by western blot using anti-VP6 and anti-VP4 antibodies, but no regular particles were observed by TEM, even when co-expressed with VP2. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that the rotavirus proteins produced in N. benthamiana are candidates for a subunit vaccine specifically for the G9P[6] rotavirus strain. This could be more effective in developing countries, thereby possibly providing a higher overall efficacy for the existing vaccines. The production of rotavirus proteins in plants would probably result in lower manufacturing costs, making it more affordable for developing countries. Further investigation is required to evaluate the immunogenic potential of the VLPs and fusion proteins created in this study.
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MESH Headings
- Antigens, Viral/genetics
- Antigens, Viral/immunology
- Capsid Proteins/genetics
- Capsid Proteins/immunology
- Gastroenteritis/prevention & control
- Gastroenteritis/virology
- Genotype
- Humans
- Microscopy, Electron, Transmission
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/genetics
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/immunology
- Rotavirus/classification
- Rotavirus/genetics
- Rotavirus/immunology
- Rotavirus Infections/prevention & control
- Rotavirus Infections/virology
- Rotavirus Vaccines/genetics
- Rotavirus Vaccines/immunology
- Rotavirus Vaccines/isolation & purification
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Nicotiana/genetics
- Vaccines, Synthetic/genetics
- Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology
- Vaccines, Synthetic/isolation & purification
- Vaccines, Virus-Like Particle/genetics
- Vaccines, Virus-Like Particle/immunology
- Vaccines, Virus-Like Particle/isolation & purification
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco F P G Pêra
- Biopharming Research Unit, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - David L R Mutepfa
- Biopharming Research Unit, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Ayesha M Khan
- Biopharming Research Unit, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Johann H Els
- Biopharming Research Unit, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Sandiswa Mbewana
- Biopharming Research Unit, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | | | - Edward P Rybicki
- Biopharming Research Unit, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town, South Africa.
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Science, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Inga I Hitzeroth
- Biopharming Research Unit, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town, South Africa.
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Lin SY, Chung YC, Hu YC. Update on baculovirus as an expression and/or delivery vehicle for vaccine antigens. Expert Rev Vaccines 2014; 13:1501-21. [DOI: 10.1586/14760584.2014.951637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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13
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Mena JA, Kamen AA. Insect cell technology is a versatile and robust vaccine manufacturing platform. Expert Rev Vaccines 2014; 10:1063-81. [DOI: 10.1586/erv.11.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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14
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Vacher G, Kaeser MD, Moser C, Gurny R, Borchard G. Recent Advances in Mucosal Immunization Using Virus-like Particles. Mol Pharm 2013; 10:1596-609. [DOI: 10.1021/mp300597g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gaëlle Vacher
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Robert Gurny
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Gerrit Borchard
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
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Kushnir N, Streatfield SJ, Yusibov V. Virus-like particles as a highly efficient vaccine platform: diversity of targets and production systems and advances in clinical development. Vaccine 2012; 31:58-83. [PMID: 23142589 PMCID: PMC7115575 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.10.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 395] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2012] [Revised: 10/13/2012] [Accepted: 10/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Virus-like particles (VLPs) are a class of subunit vaccines that differentiate themselves from soluble recombinant antigens by stronger protective immunogenicity associated with the VLP structure. Like parental viruses, VLPs can be either non-enveloped or enveloped, and they can form following expression of one or several viral structural proteins in a recombinant heterologous system. Depending on the complexity of the VLP, it can be produced in either a prokaryotic or eukaryotic expression system using target-encoding recombinant vectors, or in some cases can be assembled in cell-free conditions. To date, a wide variety of VLP-based candidate vaccines targeting various viral, bacterial, parasitic and fungal pathogens, as well as non-infectious diseases, have been produced in different expression systems. Some VLPs have entered clinical development and a few have been licensed and commercialized. This article reviews VLP-based vaccines produced in different systems, their immunogenicity in animal models and their status in clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Kushnir
- Fraunhofer USA Center for Molecular Biotechnology, Newark, DE 19711, USA
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Inhibition of rotavirus infectivity by a neoglycolipid receptor mimetic. Nutrients 2011; 3:228-44. [PMID: 22254094 PMCID: PMC3257672 DOI: 10.3390/nu3020228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2011] [Revised: 01/24/2011] [Accepted: 02/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Group A rotaviruses are a major cause of diarrhea in the young of many mammalian species. In rotavirus infected piglets mortality can be as high as 60%. Previous research in this laboratory has identified a porcine intestinal GM3 ganglioside receptor that is required for sialic acid-dependent rotavirus recognition of host cells. In addition, we previously demonstrated exogenously added GM3 can competitively inhibit porcine rotavirus binding and infectivity of host cells in vitro. Sialyllactose, the carbohydrate moiety of GM3, is approximately 3 orders of magnitude less effective than GM3 at inhibiting rotavirus binding to cells. Furthermore, production of therapeutic quantities of GM3 ganglioside for use as an oral carbomimetic in swine is cost prohibitive. In an effort to circumvent these problems, a sialyllactose-containing neoglycolipid was synthesized and evaluated for its ability to inhibit rotavirus binding and infectivity of host cells. Sialyllactose was coupled to dipalmitoylphosphatidylethanolamine (PE) by reductive amination and the product (SLPE) purified by HPLC. Characterization of the product showed a single primulin (lipid) and resorcinol (sialic acid) positive band by thin layer chromatography and quantification of phosphate and sialic acid yielded a 1:1 molar ratio. Mass spectroscopy confirmed a molecular weight coinciding with SLPE. Concentration-dependent binding of rotavirus to SLPE was demonstrated using a thin-layer overlay assay. Using concentrations comparable to GM3, SLPE was also shown to inhibit rotavirus binding to host cells by 80%. Furthermore, SLPE was shown to decrease rotavirus infection of host cells by over 90%. Finally, preliminary results of in vivo animal challenge studies using newborn piglets in their natural environment, demonstrated SLPE afforded complete protection from rotavirus disease. The efficacy of SLPE in inhibiting rotavirus binding and infection in vitro and in vivo, coupled with its relatively low-cost, large-scale production capabilities make SLPE a promising candidate for further exploration as a possible prophylactic or therapeutic nutriceutical for combating rotavirus disease in animals. Most importantly, the results presented here provide proof of concept that the nutriceutical approach of providing natural or synthetic dietary receptor mimetics for protection against gastrointestinal virus infectious disease in all species is plausible.
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Mandell RB, Koukuntla R, Mogler LJ, Carzoli AK, Freiberg AN, Holbrook MR, Martin BK, Staplin WR, Vahanian NN, Link CJ, Flick R. A replication-incompetent Rift Valley fever vaccine: chimeric virus-like particles protect mice and rats against lethal challenge. Virology 2010; 397:187-98. [PMID: 19932911 PMCID: PMC2813982 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2009.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2009] [Revised: 10/27/2009] [Accepted: 11/02/2009] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Virus-like particles (VLPs) present viral antigens in a native conformation and are effectively recognized by the immune system and therefore are considered as suitable and safe vaccine candidates against many viral diseases. Here we demonstrate that chimeric VLPs containing Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) glycoproteins G(N) and G(C), nucleoprotein N and the gag protein of Moloney murine leukemia virus represent an effective vaccine candidate against Rift Valley fever, a deadly disease in humans and livestock. Long-lasting humoral and cellular immune responses are demonstrated in a mouse model by the analysis of neutralizing antibody titers and cytokine secretion profiles. Vaccine efficacy studies were performed in mouse and rat lethal challenge models resulting in high protection rates. Taken together, these results demonstrate that replication-incompetent chimeric RVF VLPs are an efficient RVFV vaccine candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Nicholas N. Vahanian
- BioProtection Systems Corporation, Ames, IA, USA,NewLink Genetics Corporation, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Charles J. Link
- BioProtection Systems Corporation, Ames, IA, USA,NewLink Genetics Corporation, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Ramon Flick
- BioProtection Systems Corporation, Ames, IA, USA,Corresponding author. Fax: +1 515 296 3820
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