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Ma F, Chen A, Yao L, Gao H, Zhang Q, Hou W, Zheng L. Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of human metapneumovirus virus-like particles produced by a recombinant baculovirus in mice. Virus Res 2023; 336:199215. [PMID: 37657510 PMCID: PMC10491852 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2023.199215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) causes respiratory tract infections among infant, elderly, and immunocompromised patients, with significant mortality. Currently no licensed vaccines or therapeutic agents of HMPV exist. METHODS HMPV virus-like particle (VLP) was constructed by co-expressing fusion protein of HMPV and matrix 1 protein of influenza virus using the baculovirus expression. Mice were immunized with VLP with or without aluminum hydroxide (alum) adjuvant by intramuscular route respectively. Sera were determined for titers of IgG and neutralizing antibody. Splenic lymphocytes were determined by IFN-γ and IL-4 ELISPOT. Mice were challenged with HMPV, and protective efficacy was evaluated. RESULTS We generated HMPV VLP in baculovirus expression system. After three times immunization, IgG antibody titers induced by VLP formulated with or without alum adjuvant group were 273,066 ± 100,331 and 136,533 ± 47,269 respectively, there was no difference (p ˃ 0.05); the neutralizing antibody titers vaccinated with VLP plus with alum adjuvant (266 ± 92) were higher than those of the VLP alone group (106 ± 37). For IFN-γ, mice vaccinated with VLP with or without alum adjuvant are 151 ± 36.4 and 77.0 ± 17.1SFC/106 respectively, there was difference (p = 0.03); For IL-4, they are 261.3 ± 38.7 versus 125.67 ± 29.78SFC/106 respectively, the difference was significant (p = 0.009). After challenge, in pathological analysis, the overall lesion scores in the VLP plus with and without alum adjuvant were 3.25 and 5.6 respectively, those of control group is 8. For immunohistochemical analyses, the average optical density of the lungs in the VLP immunized group containing adjuvant (9.07 ± 1.74) was lower than that in the VLP group without adjuvant (12.83 ± 2.31, p = 0.14). CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to demonstrate that HMPV VLP was successfully prepared in the baculovirus expression system. HMPV VLP could induce specific humoral and cellular immune responses as well as protective efficacy, and aluminum hydroxide may be an effective adjuvant in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenlian Ma
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, 100 Ying-Xin St., Xi-Cheng District, Beijing 100052, China
| | - Aijun Chen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, 100 Ying-Xin St., Xi-Cheng District, Beijing 100052, China
| | - Lihong Yao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, 100 Ying-Xin St., Xi-Cheng District, Beijing 100052, China
| | - Hanchun Gao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, 100 Ying-Xin St., Xi-Cheng District, Beijing 100052, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, 100 Ying-Xin St., Xi-Cheng District, Beijing 100052, China
| | - Wenzhe Hou
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, 100 Ying-Xin St., Xi-Cheng District, Beijing 100052, China
| | - Lishu Zheng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, 100 Ying-Xin St., Xi-Cheng District, Beijing 100052, China.
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Soleymani S, Janati-Fard F, Housaindokht MR. Designing a bioadjuvant candidate vaccine targeting infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) using viral VP2 fusion and chicken IL-2 antigenic epitope: A bioinformatics approach. Comput Biol Med 2023; 163:107087. [PMID: 37321098 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2023.107087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Infectious Bursal Disease (IBD) is a common and contagious viral infection that significantly affects the poultry industry. This severely suppresses the immune system in chickens, thereby threating their health and well-being. Vaccination is the most effective strategy for preventing and controlling this infectious agent. The development of VP2-based DNA vaccines combined with biological adjuvants has recently received considerable attention due to their effectiveness in eliciting both humoral and cellular immune responses. In this study, we applied bioinformatics tools to design a fused bioadjuvant candidate vaccine from the full-length sequence of the VP2 protein of IBDV isolated in Iran using the antigenic epitope of chicken IL-2 (chiIL-2). Furthermore, to improve the antigenic epitope presentation and to maintain the three-dimensional structure of the chimeric gene construct, the P2A linker (L) was used to fuse the two fragments. Our in-silico analysis for the design of a candidate vaccine indicates that a continuous sequence of amino acid residues ranging from 105 to 129 in chiIL-2 is proposed as a B cell epitope by epitope prediction servers. The final 3D structure of the VP2-L-chiIL-2105-129 was subjected to physicochemical property determination, molecular dynamic simulation, and antigenic site determination. The results of these analyses led to the development of a stable candidate vaccine that is non-allergenic and has the potential for antigenic surface display potential and adjuvant activity. Finally, it is necessary to investigate the immune response induced by our proposed vaccine in avian hosts. Notably, increasing the immunogenicity of DNA vaccines can be achieved by combining antigenic proteins with molecular adjuvants using the principle of rational vaccine design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safoura Soleymani
- Research and Technology Center of Biomolecules, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Fatemeh Janati-Fard
- Research and Technology Center of Biomolecules, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Reza Housaindokht
- Research and Technology Center of Biomolecules, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
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Kurata A, Takeuchi S, Fujiwara R, Tamura K, Imai T, Yamasaki-Yashiki S, Onuma H, Fukuta Y, Shirasaka N, Uegaki K. Activation of the toll-like receptor 2 signaling pathway by GAPDH from bacterial strain RD055328. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2023; 87:907-915. [PMID: 37169920 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbad059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
We characterized the membrane vesicle fraction (RD-MV fraction) from bacterial strain RD055328, which is related to members of the genus Companilactobacillus and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum. RD-MVs and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) were detected in the RD-MV fraction. Immunoglobulin A (IgA) was produced by Peyer's patch cells following the addition of the RD-MV fraction. In the presence of the RD-MV fraction, RAW264 cells produced the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6. Recombinant GAPDH probably induced the production of IL-6 by RAW264 cells via superficial toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) recognition. A confocal laser scanning microscopy image analysis indicated that RD-MVs and GAPDH were taken up by RAW264 cells. GAPDH wrapped around RAW264 cells. We suggest that GAPDH from strain RD055328 enhanced the production of IgA by acquired immune cells via the production of IL-6 by innate immune cells through TLR2 signal transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Kurata
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Kindai University, Nakamachi, Nara, Japan
| | - Shimpei Takeuchi
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Kindai University, Nakamachi, Nara, Japan
| | - Ryo Fujiwara
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Kindai University, Nakamachi, Nara, Japan
| | - Kento Tamura
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Kindai University, Nakamachi, Nara, Japan
| | - Tomoya Imai
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shino Yamasaki-Yashiki
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering, Kansai University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroki Onuma
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Kindai University, Nakamachi, Nara, Japan
| | - Yasuhisa Fukuta
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Kindai University, Nakamachi, Nara, Japan
| | - Norifumi Shirasaka
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Kindai University, Nakamachi, Nara, Japan
| | - Koichi Uegaki
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Kindai University, Nakamachi, Nara, Japan
- Agricultural Technology and Innovation Research Institute, Kindai University, Nakamachi, Nara, Japan
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Binder U, Skerra A. PASylated Thymosin α1: A Long-Acting Immunostimulatory Peptide for Applications in Oncology and Virology. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010124. [PMID: 33374407 PMCID: PMC7795856 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Thymosin α1 (Tα1) is an immunostimulatory peptide for the treatment of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections and used as an immune enhancer, which also offers prospects in the context of COVID-19 infections and cancer. Manufacturing of this N-terminally acetylated 28-residue peptide is demanding, and its short plasma half-life limits in vivo efficacy and requires frequent dosing. Here, we combined the PASylation technology with enzymatic in situ N-acetylation by RimJ to produce a long-acting version of Tα1 in Escherichia coli at high yield. ESI-MS analysis of the purified fusion protein indicated the expected composition without any signs of proteolysis. SEC analysis revealed a 10-fold expanded hydrodynamic volume resulting from the fusion with a conformationally disordered Pro/Ala/Ser (PAS) polypeptide of 600 residues. This size effect led to a plasma half-life in rats extended by more than a factor 8 compared to the original synthetic peptide due to retarded kidney filtration. Our study provides the basis for therapeutic development of a next generation thymosin α1 with prolonged circulation. Generally, the strategy of producing an N-terminally protected PASylated peptide solves three major problems of peptide drugs: (i) instability in the expression host, (ii) rapid degradation by serum exopeptidases, and (iii) low bioactivity because of fast renal clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uli Binder
- XL-protein GmbH, Lise-Meitner-Str. 30, 85354 Freising, Germany
- Correspondence: (U.B.); (A.S.)
| | - Arne Skerra
- Lehrstuhl für Biologische Chemie, Technische Universität München, Emil-Erlenmeyer-Forum 5, 85354 Freising, Germany
- Correspondence: (U.B.); (A.S.)
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Yamazaki T, Biswas M, Kosugi K, Nagashima M, Inui M, Tomono S, Takagi H, Ichimonji I, Nagaoka F, Ainai A, Hasegawa H, Chiba J, Akashi-Takamura S. A Novel Gene Delivery Vector of Agonistic Anti-Radioprotective 105 Expressed on Cell Membranes Shows Adjuvant Effect for DNA Immunization Against Influenza. Front Immunol 2020; 11:606518. [PMID: 33414788 PMCID: PMC7783388 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.606518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Radioprotective 105 (RP105) (also termed CD180) is an orphan and unconventional Toll-like receptor (TLR) that lacks an intracellular signaling domain. The agonistic anti-RP105 monoclonal antibody (mAb) can cross-link RP105 on B cells, resulting in the proliferation and activation of B cells. Anti-RP105 mAb also has a potent adjuvant effect, providing higher levels of antigen-specific antibodies compared to alum. However, adjuvanticity is required for the covalent link between anti-RP105 mAb and the antigen. This is a possible obstacle to immunization due to the link between anti-RP105 mAb and some antigens, especially multi-transmembrane proteins. We have previously succeeded in inducing rapid and potent recombinant mAbs in mice using antibody gene-based delivery. To simplify the covalent link between anti-RP105 mAb and antigens, we generated genetic constructs of recombinant anti-RP105 mAb (αRP105) bound to the transmembrane domain of the IgG-B cell receptor (TM) (αRP105-TM), which could enable the anti-RP105 mAb to link the antigen via the cell membrane. We confirmed the expression of αRP105-TM and the antigen hemagglutinin, which is a membrane protein of the influenza virus, on the same cell. We also found that αRP105-TM could activate splenic B cells, including both mature and immature cells, depending on the cell surface RP105 in vitro. To evaluate the adjuvanticity of αRP105-TM, we conducted DNA immunization in mice with the plasmids encoding αRP105-TM and hemagglutinin, followed by challenge with an infection of a lethal dose of an influenza virus. We then obtained partially but significantly hemagglutinin-specific antibodies and observed protective effects against a lethal dose of influenza virus infection. The current αRP105-TM might provide adjuvanticity for a vaccine via a simple preparation of the expression plasmids encoding αRP105-TM and of that encoding the target antigen.
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MESH Headings
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/genetics
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/pharmacology
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/genetics
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Antigens, CD/immunology
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Antigens, Surface/genetics
- Antigens, Surface/metabolism
- B-Lymphocytes/drug effects
- B-Lymphocytes/immunology
- B-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Cell Membrane/drug effects
- Cell Membrane/immunology
- Cell Membrane/metabolism
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Coculture Techniques
- Gene Transfer Techniques
- Genetic Vectors
- HEK293 Cells
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/genetics
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/immunology
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/pharmacology
- Humans
- Hybridomas
- Immunization
- Influenza Vaccines/genetics
- Influenza Vaccines/immunology
- Influenza Vaccines/pharmacology
- Lymphocyte Activation/drug effects
- Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics
- Membrane Glycoproteins/metabolism
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Knockout
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections/immunology
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections/metabolism
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections/prevention & control
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections/virology
- Rats
- Receptors, IgG/genetics
- Receptors, IgG/immunology
- Spleen/drug effects
- Spleen/immunology
- Spleen/metabolism
- Vaccines, DNA/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Yamazaki
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Mrityunjoy Biswas
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kouyu Kosugi
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Maria Nagashima
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masanori Inui
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Susumu Tomono
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Takagi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Isao Ichimonji
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Nagaoka
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Akira Ainai
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideki Hasegawa
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Joe Chiba
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sachiko Akashi-Takamura
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Aichi, Japan
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Lu X, Zhou Y, Meng J, Jiang L, Gao J, Fan X, Chen Y, Cheng Y, Wang Y, Zhang B, Yan H, Yan F. Epigenetic age acceleration of cervical squamous cell carcinoma converged to human papillomavirus 16/18 expression, immunoactivation, and favourable prognosis. Clin Epigenetics 2020; 12:23. [PMID: 32041662 PMCID: PMC7011257 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-020-0822-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ageing-associated molecular changes have been assumed to trigger malignant transformations and the epigenetic clock, and the DNA methylation age has been shown to be highly correlated with chronological age. However, the associations between the epigenetic clock and cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) prognosis, other molecular characteristics, and clinicopathological features have not been systematically investigated. To this end, we computed the DNA methylation (DNAm) age of 252 CSCC patients and 200 normal samples from TCGA and three external cohorts by using the Horvath clock model. We characterized the differences in human papillomavirus (HPV) 16/18 expression, pathway activity, genomic alteration, and chemosensitivity between two DNAm age subgroups. We then used Cox proportional hazards regression and restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis to assess the prognostic value of epigenetic acceleration. RESULTS DNAm age was significantly associated with chronological age, but it was differentiated between tumour and normal tissue (P < 0.001). Two DNAm age groups, i.e. DNAmAge-ACC and DNAmAge-DEC, were identified; the former had high expression of the E6/E7 oncoproteins of HPV16/18 (P < 0.05), an immunoactive phenotype (all FDRs < 0.05 in enrichment analysis), CpG island hypermethylation (P < 0.001), and lower mutation load (P = 0.011), including for TP53 (P = 0.002). When adjusted for chronological age and tumour stage, every 10-year increase in DNAm age was associated with a 12% decrease in fatality (HR 0.88, 95% CI 0.78-0.99, P = 0.03); DNAmAge-ACC had a 41% lower mortality risk and 47% lower progression rate than DNAmAge-DEC and was more likely to benefit from chemotherapy. RCS revealed a positive non-linear association between DNAm age and both mortality and progression risk (both, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS DNAm age is an independent predictor of CSCC prognosis. Better prognosis, overexpression of HPV E6/E7 oncoproteins, and higher enrichment of immune signatures were observed in DNAmAge-ACC tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- Research Center of Biostatistics and Computational Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujie Zhou
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jialin Meng
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University; Institute of Urology & Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- Department of Urology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Liyun Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- Research Center of Biostatistics and Computational Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- Research Center of Biostatistics and Computational Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaole Fan
- School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanfeng Chen
- School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- Research Center of Biostatistics and Computational Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hangyu Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
- Research Center of Biostatistics and Computational Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Fangrong Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
- Research Center of Biostatistics and Computational Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
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Ji Y, An J, Hwang D, Ha DH, Lim SM, Lee C, Zhao J, Song HK, Yang EG, Zhou P, Chung HS. Metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli to produce a monophosphoryl lipid A adjuvant. Metab Eng 2020; 57:193-202. [PMID: 31786244 PMCID: PMC6960009 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2019.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) species, including MPL (a trade name of GlaxoSmithKline) and GLA (a trade name of Immune Design, a subsidiary of Merck), are widely used as an adjuvant in vaccines, allergy drugs, and immunotherapy to boost the immune response. Even though MPLA is a derivative of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a component of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, bacterial strains producing MPLA have not been found in nature nor engineered. In fact, MPLA generation involves expensive and laborious procedures based on synthetic routes or chemical transformation of precursors isolated from Gram-negative bacteria. Here, we report the engineering of an Escherichia coli strain for in situ production and accumulation of MPLA. Furthermore, we establish a succinct method for purifying MPLA from the engineered E. coli strain. We show that the purified MPLA (named EcML) stimulates the mouse immune system to generate antigen-specific IgG antibodies similarly to commercially available MPLA, but with a dramatically reduced manufacturing time and cost. Our system, employing the first engineered E. coli strain that directly produces the adjuvant EcML, could transform the current standard of industrial MPLA production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhyun Ji
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinsu An
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Dohyeon Hwang
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Da Hui Ha
- Eubiologics.CO.,Ltd, V Plant 125, Wonmudong-gil, Dongsan-myeon, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Min Lim
- Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea; Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Care System of Dementia, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chankyu Lee
- Eubiologics.CO.,Ltd, V Plant 125, Wonmudong-gil, Dongsan-myeon, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinshi Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, 27710, USA
| | - Hyun Kyu Song
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Gyeong Yang
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Pei Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, 27710, USA
| | - Hak Suk Chung
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea.
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8
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Hashem AM, Algaissi A, Agrawal AS, Al-Amri SS, Alhabbab RY, Sohrab SS, S Almasoud A, Alharbi NK, Peng BH, Russell M, Li X, Tseng CTK. A Highly Immunogenic, Protective, and Safe Adenovirus-Based Vaccine Expressing Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus S1-CD40L Fusion Protein in a Transgenic Human Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Mouse Model. J Infect Dis 2019; 220:1558-1567. [PMID: 30911758 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiz13710.1093/infdis/jiz137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infection control measures have played a major role in limiting human/camel-to-human transmission of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV); however, development of effective and safe human or camel vaccines is warranted. METHODS We extended and optimized our previous recombinant adenovirus 5 (rAd5)-based vaccine platform characterized by in vivo amplified and CD40-mediated specific responses to generate MERS-CoV S1 subunit-based vaccine. We generated rAd5 constructs expressing CD40-targeted S1 fusion protein (rAd5-S1/F/CD40L), untargeted S1 (rAd5-S1), and Green Fluorescent Protein (rAd5-GFP), and evaluated their efficacy and safety in human dipeptidyl peptidase 4 transgenic (hDPP4 Tg+) mice. RESULTS Immunization of hDPP4 Tg+ mice with a single dose of rAd5-S1/F/CD40L elicited as robust and significant specific immunoglobulin G and neutralizing antibodies as those induced with 2 doses of rAd5-S1. After MERS-CoV challenge, both vaccines conferred complete protection against morbidity and mortality, as evidenced by significantly undetectable/reduced pulmonary viral loads compared to the control group. However, rAd5-S1- but not rAd5-S1/F/CD40L-immunized mice exhibited marked pulmonary perivascular hemorrhage post-MERS-CoV challenge despite the observed protection. CONCLUSIONS Incorporation of CD40L into rAd5-based MERS-CoV S1 vaccine targeting molecule and molecular adjuvants not only enhances immunogenicity and efficacy but also prevents inadvertent pulmonary pathology after viral challenge, thereby offering a promising strategy to enhance safety and potency of vaccines.
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MESH Headings
- Adenoviruses, Human/genetics
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/genetics
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/pharmacology
- Animals
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/blood
- Antibodies, Viral/blood
- CD40 Ligand/genetics
- CD40 Ligand/pharmacology
- Coronavirus Infections/immunology
- Coronavirus Infections/prevention & control
- Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4/genetics
- Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4/metabolism
- Drug Carriers
- Genetic Vectors
- Immunoglobulin G/blood
- Lung/virology
- Mice
- Mice, Transgenic
- Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus/immunology
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/genetics
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/immunology
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/pharmacology
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/genetics
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/immunology
- Survival Analysis
- Vaccines, Subunit/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Subunit/genetics
- Vaccines, Subunit/immunology
- Vaccines, Synthetic/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Synthetic/genetics
- Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology
- Viral Load
- Viral Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Viral Vaccines/genetics
- Viral Vaccines/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Anwar M Hashem
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, Saudi Arabia
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Algaissi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston
- Department of Medical Laboratories Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University
| | | | - Sawsan S Al-Amri
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, Saudi Arabia
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rowa Y Alhabbab
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, Saudi Arabia
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah
| | - Sayed S Sohrab
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman S Almasoud
- Department of Infectious Disease Research, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naif Khalaf Alharbi
- Department of Infectious Disease Research, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bi-Hung Peng
- Department of Neurosciences, Cell Biology, and Anatomy, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston
| | - Marsha Russell
- Center for Vaccine Evaluation, Biologics and Genetic Therapies Directorate, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario
| | - Xuguang Li
- Center for Vaccine Evaluation, Biologics and Genetic Therapies Directorate, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario
| | - Chien-Te K Tseng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston
- Center of Biodefense and Emerging Disease, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston
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9
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Heidegger S, Kreppel D, Bscheider M, Stritzke F, Nedelko T, Wintges A, Bek S, Fischer JC, Graalmann T, Kalinke U, Bassermann F, Haas T, Poeck H. RIG-I activating immunostimulatory RNA boosts the efficacy of anticancer vaccines and synergizes with immune checkpoint blockade. EBioMedicine 2019; 41:146-155. [PMID: 30852164 PMCID: PMC6444128 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.02.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Antibody-mediated targeting of regulatory T cell receptors such as CTLA-4 enhances antitumor immune responses against several cancer entities including malignant melanoma. Yet, therapeutic success in patients remains variable underscoring the need for novel combinatorial approaches. Methods Here we established a vaccination strategy that combines engagement of the nucleic acid-sensing pattern recognition receptor RIG-I, antigen and CTLA-4 blockade. We used in vitro transcribed 5′-triphosphorylated RNA (3pRNA) to therapeutically target the RIG-I pathway. We performed in vitro functional analysis in bone-marrow derived dendritic cells and investigated RIG-I-enhanced vaccines in different murine melanoma models. Findings We found that protein vaccination together with RIG-I ligation via 3pRNA strongly synergizes with CTLA-4 blockade to induce expansion and activation of antigen-specific CD8+ T cells that translates into potent antitumor immunity. RIG-I-induced cross-priming of cytotoxic T cells as well as antitumor immunity were dependent on the host adapter protein MAVS and type I interferon (IFN-I) signaling and were mediated by dendritic cells. Interpretation Overall, our data demonstrate the potency of a novel combinatorial vaccination strategy combining RIG-I-driven immunization with CTLA-4 blockade to prevent and treat experimental melanoma. Fund German Research Foundation (SFB 1335, SFB 1371), EMBO, Else Kröner-Fresenius-Foundation, German Cancer Aid, European Hematology Association, DKMS Foundation for Giving Life, Dres. Carl Maximilian and Carl Manfred Bayer-Foundation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Heidegger
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik III, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität, Munich, Germany.
| | - Diana Kreppel
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik III, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Bscheider
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik III, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Florian Stritzke
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik III, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Tatiana Nedelko
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik III, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander Wintges
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik III, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Sarah Bek
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik III, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Julius C Fischer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Theresa Graalmann
- Experimental Infection Research, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, A Joint Venture Between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and the Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Ulrich Kalinke
- Experimental Infection Research, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, A Joint Venture Between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and the Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Florian Bassermann
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik III, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Tobias Haas
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik III, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Hendrik Poeck
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik III, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität, Munich, Germany.
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10
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Abstract
Perhaps the best-studied mucosal adjuvants are the bacterially derived ADP-ribosylating enterotoxins. This adjuvant family includes heat-labile enterotoxin of Escherichia coli (LT), cholera toxin (CT), and mutants or subunits of LT and CT. These proteins promote a multifaceted antigen-specific response, including inflammatory Th1, Th2, Th17, cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), and antibodies. However, more uniquely among adjuvant classes, they induce antigen-specific IgA antibodies and long-lasting memory to coadministered antigens when delivered mucosally or even parenterally. The purpose of this minireview is to describe the general properties, history and creation, preclinical studies, clinical studies, mechanisms of action, and considerations for use of the most promising enterotoxin-based adjuvant to date, LT(R192G/L211A) or dmLT. This review is timely due to completed, ongoing, and planned clinical investigations of dmLT in multiple vaccine formulations by government, nonprofit, and industry groups in the United States and abroad.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D Clements
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Elizabeth B Norton
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
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11
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Salyer ACD, David SA. Transcriptomal signatures of vaccine adjuvants and accessory immunostimulation of sentinel cells by toll-like receptor 2/6 agonists. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2018; 14:1686-1696. [PMID: 29852079 PMCID: PMC6067887 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2018.1480284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
An important component of vaccine development is the identification of safe and effective adjuvants. We sought to identify transcriptomal signatures of innate immune stimulating molecules using next-generation RNA sequencing with the goal of being able to utilize such signatures in identifying novel immunostimulatory compounds with adjuvant activity. The CC family of chemokines, particularly CC chemokines 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 8, 17, 18, 20, and 23, were broadly upregulated by most Toll-like receptor (TLR) and nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat-containing receptors (NLR) stimuli. Extracellular receptors such as TLR2, TLR4 and TLR5 induced the transcription of CXC chemokines including CXCL5, CXCL6 and CXCL8, whereas intracellular receptors such as TLR7 and TLR8 upregulated CXC chemokines 11 and 12. Both TLR1/2 and TLR2/6 agonists induced strong chemokine production in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Human skeletal muscle cells and fibroblasts respond with chemokine production only to TLR2/6 agonists, but not TLR1/2 agonists, consistent with strong expression of TLR2 and TLR6, but not of TLR1, in fibroblasts. TLR2/6 stimulated fibroblasts demonstrated functional chemotactic responses to human T cell and natural killer cells subsets. The activation of non-hematopoietic, adventitial cells such as fibroblasts and myocytes may contribute.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex C. D. Salyer
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Sunil A. David
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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12
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Kim MY, Copland A, Nayak K, Chandele A, Ahmed MS, Zhang Q, Diogo GR, Paul MJ, Hofmann S, Yang M, Jang Y, Ma JK, Reljic R. Plant-expressed Fc-fusion protein tetravalent dengue vaccine with inherent adjuvant properties. Plant Biotechnol J 2018; 16:1283-1294. [PMID: 29223138 PMCID: PMC5999314 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Dengue is a major global disease requiring improved treatment and prevention strategies. The recently licensed Sanofi Pasteur Dengvaxia vaccine does not protect children under the age of nine, and additional vaccine strategies are thus needed to halt this expanding global epidemic. Here, we employed a molecular engineering approach and plant expression to produce a humanized and highly immunogenic poly-immunoglobulin G scaffold (PIGS) fused to the consensus dengue envelope protein III domain (cEDIII). The immunogenicity of this IgG Fc receptor-targeted vaccine candidate was demonstrated in transgenic mice expressing human FcγRI/CD64, by induction of neutralizing antibodies and evidence of cell-mediated immunity. Furthermore, these molecules were able to prime immune cells from human adenoid/tonsillar tissue ex vivo as evidenced by antigen-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell proliferation, IFN-γ and antibody production. The purified polymeric fraction of dengue PIGS (D-PIGS) induced stronger immune activation than the monomeric form, suggesting a more efficient interaction with the low-affinity Fcγ receptors on antigen-presenting cells. These results show that the plant-expressed D-PIGS have the potential for translation towards a safe and easily scalable single antigen-based tetravalent dengue vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Young Kim
- Institute for Infection and ImmunitySt George's University of LondonLondonUK
- Department of Molecular Biology and the Institute for Molecular Biology and GeneticsChonbuk National UniversityJeonjuKorea
| | - Alastair Copland
- Institute for Infection and ImmunitySt George's University of LondonLondonUK
| | - Kaustuv Nayak
- ICGEB‐Emory Vaccine CenterInternational Center for Genetic Engineering and BiotechnologyNew DelhiIndia
| | - Anmol Chandele
- ICGEB‐Emory Vaccine CenterInternational Center for Genetic Engineering and BiotechnologyNew DelhiIndia
| | - Muhammad S. Ahmed
- Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and ImmunologyInstitute of Infection and Global HealthUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| | - Qibo Zhang
- Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and ImmunologyInstitute of Infection and Global HealthUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| | - Gil R. Diogo
- Institute for Infection and ImmunitySt George's University of LondonLondonUK
| | - Matthew J. Paul
- Institute for Infection and ImmunitySt George's University of LondonLondonUK
| | - Sven Hofmann
- Institute for Infection and ImmunitySt George's University of LondonLondonUK
| | - Moon‐Sik Yang
- Department of Molecular Biology and the Institute for Molecular Biology and GeneticsChonbuk National UniversityJeonjuKorea
| | - Yong‐Suk Jang
- Department of Molecular Biology and the Institute for Molecular Biology and GeneticsChonbuk National UniversityJeonjuKorea
| | - Julian K‐C. Ma
- Institute for Infection and ImmunitySt George's University of LondonLondonUK
| | - Rajko Reljic
- Institute for Infection and ImmunitySt George's University of LondonLondonUK
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13
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Abstract
Escherichia coli is the mainstay tool for fundamental microbiology research due to its ease of cultivation and safety. Auxotrophic strains of the K-12 and B lineages of E. coli are the organisms of choice to produce recombinant proteins. Components present in the cell envelope of bacteria are also potent immune modulators and have been used to develop adjuvants. We used live E. coli, after induction of recombinant protein expression, to develop a vehicle which has a dualistic function of producing vaccine while presenting itself as the adjuvant to deliver oral vaccines against a number of infectious diseases, including Lyme disease. Here, we give an example using E. coli expressing B. burgdorferi Outer Surface Protein A, which was proven effective in reducing B. burgdorferi burden in infected ticks after a 5-year field trial of a baited formulation containing this reservoir targeted vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Gomes-Solecki
- Department of Microbiology Immunology and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 858 Madison Ave, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA.
- Immuno Technologies, Inc., Memphis, TN, 38103, USA.
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14
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Zhou Y, Wang Z, Xu Y, Zhang Z, Hua R, Liu W, Jiang C, Chen Y, Yang W, Kong W. Optimized DNA Vaccine Enhanced by Adjuvant IL28B Induces Protective Immune Responses Against Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 in Mice. Viral Immunol 2017; 30:601-614. [PMID: 28650722 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2017.0033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Antigen-specific immune responses determine the efficacy of herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) vaccines. To optimize the immunogenicity of the antigen gD2, we developed the gD2ΔUL25 DNA vaccine encoding HSV-2 glycoprotein D and UL25 gene encoding viral capsid vertex proteins in this study. The gD2 and gD2ΔUL25 DNA vaccines were compared with formalin-inactivated HSV-2 (FI-HSV-2), and results showed a greater protective immune response induced by gD2ΔUL25 than by gD2. Therefore, gD2ΔUL25 was chosen to evaluate further using the IL28B adjuvant. Immunization with gD2ΔUL25/IL28B elicited stronger humoral and T cell immune responses than with gD2ΔUL25 alone. Compared with controls, gD2ΔUL25/IL28B decreased HSV-2 viral loads and induced protective effects against genital tract lesions generated by HSV-2. These findings demonstrated that the prophylactic DNA vaccine gD2ΔUL25 with IL28B adjuvant could enhance the humoral and T cell immune responses, and improve the protective immune response against HSV-2 in female mice compared with FI-HSV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhou
- 1 National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University , Changchun, China
- 2 Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, The Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University , Changchun, China
| | - Ziyan Wang
- 1 National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University , Changchun, China
| | - Yongqing Xu
- 1 National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University , Changchun, China
| | - Zeqiang Zhang
- 1 National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University , Changchun, China
- 2 Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, The Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University , Changchun, China
| | - Rui Hua
- 3 Hepatic Department, The First Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun, China
| | - Wei Liu
- 1 National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University , Changchun, China
- 4 Department of Biotechnology, Jilin Medical University , Jilin, China
| | - Chunlai Jiang
- 1 National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University , Changchun, China
- 2 Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, The Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University , Changchun, China
| | - Yan Chen
- 1 National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University , Changchun, China
- 2 Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, The Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University , Changchun, China
| | - Wenying Yang
- 5 Gastroenterol Department, Jilin Province People's Hospital , Changchun, China
| | - Wei Kong
- 1 National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University , Changchun, China
- 2 Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, The Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University , Changchun, China
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15
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White JA, Haghighi C, Brunner J, Estrada M, Lal M, Chen D. Preformulation studies with the Escherichia coli double mutant heat-labile toxin adjuvant for use in an oral vaccine. J Immunol Methods 2017; 451:83-89. [PMID: 28939395 PMCID: PMC5703769 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Double mutant heat-labile toxin (dmLT) is a promising adjuvant for oral vaccine administration. The aims of our study were to develop sensitive methods to detect low concentrations of dmLT and to use the assays in preformulation studies to determine whether dmLT remains stable under conditions encountered by an oral vaccine. We developed a sandwich ELISA specific for intact dmLT and a sensitive SDS-PAGE densitometry method, and tested stability of dmLT in glass and plastic containers, in saliva, at the pH of stomach fluid, and in high-osmolarity buffers. The developed ELISA has a quantification range of 62.5 to 0.9 ng/mL and lower limit of detection of 0.3 ng/mL; the limit of quantification of the SDS-PAGE is 10 μg/mL. This work demonstrates the application of dmLT assays in preformulation studies to development of an oral vaccine containing dmLT. Assays reported here will facilitate the understanding and use of dmLT as an adjuvant.
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16
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Zhou J, Wei K, Wang C, Dong W, Ma N, Zhu L, Hu LP, Huang H, Zhu R. Oral immunisation with Taishan Pinus massoniana pollen polysaccharide adjuvant with recombinant Lactococcus lactis-expressing Proteus mirabilis ompA confers optimal protection in mice. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2017. [PMID: 28629671 DOI: 10.1016/j.aller.2017.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proteus mirabilis poses a critical burden on the breeding industry, but no efficient vaccine is available for animals. METHOD A recombinant Lactococcus lactis expressing the ompA of P. mirabilis was used to develop a vaccine. The mucosal and systemic immune responses of the recombinant vaccine were evaluated in mice after oral immunisation. The inhibition on P. mirabilis colonisation of vaccines was also determined. Moreover, Taishan Pinus massoniana pollen polysaccharides (TPPPS) were used as adjuvants to examine the immunomodulatory effects. RESULTS The pure recombinant L. lactis vaccine significantly induced the production of specific IgA and IgG, IL-2, IL-4, IFN-γ, and T lymphocyte proliferation, and the immunised mice exhibited significant resistance to P. mirabilis colonisation. Notably, the TPPPS adjuvant vaccines induced higher levels of immune responses than the pure L. lactis. CONCLUSIONS The L. lactis as a vaccine vehicle combined with TPPPS adjuvant provides a feasible method for preventing P. mirabilis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Zhou
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong Taian 271018, PR China
| | - K Wei
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong Taian 271018, PR China
| | - C Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong Taian 271018, PR China
| | - W Dong
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong Taian 271018, PR China
| | - N Ma
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong Taian 271018, PR China
| | - L Zhu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong Taian 271018, PR China
| | - L P Hu
- Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center of Shandong Province, Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Bureau of Shandong Province, Shandong Jinan 250022, PR China
| | - H Huang
- Shandong New Hope Liuhe Co., Ltd, New Hope Group, Shandong Qingdao, 266061, PR China
| | - R Zhu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong Taian 271018, PR China.
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17
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Abstract
The therapeutic potential of extracellular vesicles from eukaryotes has gained strong interest in recent years. However, research into the therapeutic application of their bacterial counterparts, known as bacterial membrane vesicles, is only just beginning to be appreciated. Membrane vesicles (MVs) from both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria offer significant advantages in therapeutic development, including large-scale, cost effective production and ease of molecular manipulation to display foreign antigens. The nanoparticle size of MVs enables their dissemination through numerous tissue types, and their natural immunogenicity and self-adjuvanting capability can be harnessed to induce both cell-mediated and humoral immunity in vaccine design. Moreover, the ability to target MVs to specific tissues through the display of surface receptors raises their potential use as targeted MV-based anti-cancer therapy. This review discusses recent advances in MV research with particular emphasis on exciting new possibilities for the application of MVs in therapeutic design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie J Bitto
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia.
| | - Maria Kaparakis-Liaskos
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia.
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3068, Australia.
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18
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Circelli L, Petrizzo A, Tagliamonte M, Heidenreich R, Tornesello ML, Buonaguro FM, Buonaguro L. Immunological effects of a novel RNA-based adjuvant in liver cancer patients. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2017; 66:103-112. [PMID: 27832318 PMCID: PMC11028778 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-016-1923-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Evaluation of biological effects of adjuvants on immune cells has been assessed in a limited number of studies. Moreover, no data are available on samples derived from cancer patients who may have a severe immune impairment. The effects of a novel RNA-based adjuvant (RNAdjuvant® developed by CureVac) were assessed in an ex vivo setting on PBMCs obtained from 8 healthy volunteers and 17 HCC patients, using a multiparametric approach to analyze network dynamics of early immune responses. Evaluation of CD80, CD86 and HLA-DR expression, cytokine production as well as gene expression was performed. Moreover, the downstream effect on CD4+ T cell phenotyping was evaluated. Treatment with RNAdjuvant® showed comparable effects on PBMCs of both HCC and healthy subjects. In particular, CD80, CD86 and HLA-DR expression was found up-regulated in circulating dendritic cells, which promoted a CD4+ T cell differentiation toward an effector phenotype. A mixed Th1/Th2 cytokine pattern was induced, although a more predominant production of TNFα and IFNγ was observed in HCC patients versus healthy controls. The cytokine profile was further confirmed by gene transcriptional analysis, which showed up-regulation of several genes involved in innate and adaptive immune-related pathways. The present study is the first demonstration that HCC patients and healthy subjects are equally responsive to an adjuvant. This may suggest that the same vaccine formulation including the RNAdjuvant® might have similar potency in healthy subjects and cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Circelli
- Exper. Immunotherapy Lab., Molecular Biology and Viral Oncogenesis Unit, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, "Fondazione Pascale" - Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Caratteres Scientifico (IRCCS), Naples, Italy
| | - Annacarmen Petrizzo
- Exper. Immunotherapy Lab., Molecular Biology and Viral Oncogenesis Unit, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, "Fondazione Pascale" - Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Caratteres Scientifico (IRCCS), Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Tagliamonte
- Exper. Immunotherapy Lab., Molecular Biology and Viral Oncogenesis Unit, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, "Fondazione Pascale" - Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Caratteres Scientifico (IRCCS), Naples, Italy
| | | | - Maria Lina Tornesello
- Exper. Immunotherapy Lab., Molecular Biology and Viral Oncogenesis Unit, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, "Fondazione Pascale" - Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Caratteres Scientifico (IRCCS), Naples, Italy
| | - Franco M Buonaguro
- Exper. Immunotherapy Lab., Molecular Biology and Viral Oncogenesis Unit, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, "Fondazione Pascale" - Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Caratteres Scientifico (IRCCS), Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Buonaguro
- Exper. Immunotherapy Lab., Molecular Biology and Viral Oncogenesis Unit, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, "Fondazione Pascale" - Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Caratteres Scientifico (IRCCS), Naples, Italy.
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19
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Xue M, Yu L, Jia L, Li Y, Zeng Y, Li T, Ge S, Xia N. Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of rotavirus VP8* fused to cholera toxin B subunit in a mouse model. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2016; 12:2959-2968. [PMID: 27435429 PMCID: PMC5137547 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2016.1204501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In attempts to develop recombinant subunit vaccines against rotavirus disease, it was previously shown that the N-terminal truncated VP8* protein, VP8-1 (aa26-231), is a good vaccine candidate when used for immunization in combination with Freund's adjuvant. However, this protein stimulated only weak immune response when aluminum hydroxide was used as an adjuvant. In this study, the nontoxic B subunit of cholera toxin (CTB) was employed as intra-molecular adjuvant to improve the immunogenicity of VP8-1. Both, the N-terminal and C-terminal fusion proteins, were purified to homogeneity, at which stage they formed pentamers, and showed significantly higher immunogenicity and protective efficacy than a VP8-1/aluminum hydroxide mixture in a mouse model. Compared to VP8-1-CTB, CTB-VP8-1 showed higher binding activity to both, GM1 and the conformation sensitive neutralizing monoclonal antibodies specific to VP8. More importantly, CTB-VP8-1 elicited higher titers of neutralizing antibodies and conferred higher protective efficacy than VP8-1-CTB. Therefore, the protein CTB-VP8-1, with enhanced immunogenicity and immunoprotectivity, could be considered as a viable candidate for further development of an alternative, replication-incompetent, parenterally administered vaccine against rotavirus disease.
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MESH Headings
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/genetics
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/metabolism
- Animals
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/blood
- Antibodies, Viral/blood
- Cholera Toxin/genetics
- Cholera Toxin/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- RNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- RNA-Binding Proteins/immunology
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/genetics
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/immunology
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism
- Rotavirus Infections/prevention & control
- Rotavirus Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Rotavirus Vaccines/genetics
- Rotavirus Vaccines/immunology
- Vaccines, Subunit/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Subunit/genetics
- Vaccines, Subunit/immunology
- Vaccines, Synthetic/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Synthetic/genetics
- Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology
- Viral Nonstructural Proteins/genetics
- Viral Nonstructural Proteins/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaoge Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Life Science and School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Linqi Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Life Science and School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Lianzhi Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Life Science and School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yijian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Life Science and School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yuanjun Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Life Science and School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Tingdong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Life Science and School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Shengxiang Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Life Science and School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Ningshao Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Life Science and School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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Abstract
With its facultative ability to induce various types of infection in its hosts, Toxoplasma gondii remains a fascinating and enigmatic pathogen. As a parasite, despite its primitive unicellular structure, it possesses a highly sophisticated arsenal of invasive and defensive tools. Toxoplasmosis has gained widespread significance as a zoonotic disease capable of inducing severe illnesses in humans and drastic economic losses in the veterinary field. Although around a third of the world's population is infected with Toxoplasma gondii, immunocompromised people, pregnant women, and neonates are more vulnerable to the most severe forms of the disease. Hence, development of a preventive strategy is urgently needed to combat T. gondii infection in both humans and animals. Successful triggering of host immune responses and development of specific immune responses against the different strains and antigens of T. gondii has encouraged researchers to focus on vaccination as a feasible preventive control strategy against toxoplasmosis. In the last few years, vaccine development against T. gondii infections has seen great advances and achievements being made at the research level and, to a lesser extent, in veterinary applications. Currently, only one live attenuated vaccine is available for reducing abortions and fetal losses in pregnant ewes. Otherwise, researchers have investigated numerous classes of vaccine, including live attenuated, recombinant subunit, and vectored. In this chapter we discuss the most commonly investigated vaccines against toxoplasmosis, recombinant DNA and protein vaccines, with special focus on their methodologies and mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ragab M Fereig
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido, 080-8555, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Nishikawa
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido, 080-8555, Japan.
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21
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Li Z, Wang G, Wang Y, Zhang C, Wang X, Huang B, Li Q, Li L, Xue B, Ding P, Syed SF, Wang C, Cai X, Zhou EM. Rescue and evaluation of a recombinant PRRSV expressing porcine Interleukin-4. Virol J 2015; 12:185. [PMID: 26573719 PMCID: PMC4647277 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-015-0380-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current vaccines for porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) have failed to provide broad protection against infection by various strains of PRRSV. Porcine Interleukin-4 (pIL-4) plays an important role in the regulation of the immune response and has been used previously as an immunological adjuvant. The objective of this study was to construct a recombinant PRRSV expressing pIL-4 and to evaluate the immune response of the recombinant virus in piglets. METHODS The pIL-4 gene was inserted in the PRRSV (CH-1R strain) infectious clone by overlap PCR. Indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and Western blotting were used to confirm the recombinant virus. The stability of the recombinant virus was assessed by DNA sequencing and IFA after 15 passages in vitro. Recombinant virus was injected into pigs and efficacy of immune protection was evaluated in comparison with the parental virus. RESULTS The recombinant virus (CH-1R/pIL-4) was successfully rescued and shown to have similar growth kinetics as the parental virus. The recombinant virus was stable for 15 passages in cell culture. Pigs vaccinated with CH-1R/pIL-4 produced a similar humoral response to the response elicited by parental virus, but IL-4 level in the supernatant of PBMCs from pigs vaccinated with CH-1R/pIL-4 was significantly higher than the parent virus at 28 days post-immunization (DPI). Flow cytometric (FCM) analysis showed that the percentage of CD4(+)CD8(+) double positive T (DPT) cells in the CH-1R/pIL-4 vaccinated group was significantly higher than the parental virus at 3 and 7 Days Post-Challenge (DPC), and the IL-4 level in the blood significantly increased at 7 DPC. However, the viral load and histopathology did not show significant difference between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS A recombinant PRRSV expressing porcine IL-4 was rescued and it remained genetically stable in vitro. The recombinant virus induced higher DPT ratios and IL-4 levels in the blood after HP-PRRSV challenge compared to the parental virus in piglets. However, it did not significantly improve protection efficacy of PRRSV vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijun Li
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Veterinary Pharmacology and Veterinary Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| | - Gang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, Harbin, 150001, China.
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Veterinary Pharmacology and Veterinary Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| | - Chong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, Harbin, 150001, China.
| | - Xinglong Wang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Veterinary Pharmacology and Veterinary Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| | - Baicheng Huang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Veterinary Pharmacology and Veterinary Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| | - Qiongyi Li
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Veterinary Pharmacology and Veterinary Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| | - Liangliang Li
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Veterinary Pharmacology and Veterinary Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| | - Biyun Xue
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Veterinary Pharmacology and Veterinary Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| | - Peiyang Ding
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Veterinary Pharmacology and Veterinary Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| | - Shahid Faraz Syed
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Veterinary Pharmacology and Veterinary Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| | - Chengbao Wang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Veterinary Pharmacology and Veterinary Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| | - Xuehui Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, Harbin, 150001, China.
| | - En-Min Zhou
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Veterinary Pharmacology and Veterinary Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
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22
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Song H, Xiong D, Wang J, Zhai X, Liang G. A porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus vaccine candidate based on PRRSV glycoprotein 5 and the Toll-like receptor 5 agonist Salmonella typhimurium flagellin. J Mol Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 25:56-9. [PMID: 25766593 DOI: 10.1159/000375496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycoprotein 5 (GP5) from porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is a key inducer of neutralizing antibodies. A truncated GP5 gene lacking the signal peptide and transmembrane sequences was amplified via an overlap PCR method and inserted into prokaryotic expression vectors, pET32a or pGEX-6p-1, to add an His or GST tag, respectively. His-tagged GP5 was induced with IPTG, verified by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting, and purified to serve as an immunogen accompanied with the Salmonella typhimurium flagellin (FliC), a Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5) agonist. Levels of TLR5 and cytokine mRNAs in spleens of mice following injection with FliC were detected by qRT-PCR to verify the activation of innate immunity. FliC was used as an adjuvant and administered with the GP5 to C57BL/6 mice via intraperitoneal injection. Coadministration of GP5 with FliC induced a significantly enhanced GP5-specific IgG and IFN-γ response compared with administration of GP5 alone, and the GP5-specific titer in the GP5 + FliC coadministration group was elevated almost twofold after the third immunization. These results indicate that FliC is an effective adjuvant, increasing the induction of antibodies against GP5 with the induction of both humoral and cellular immune responses.
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MESH Headings
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/genetics
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/metabolism
- Animals
- Antibodies, Viral/blood
- Flagellin/genetics
- Flagellin/metabolism
- Immunoglobulin G/blood
- Injections, Intraperitoneal
- Interferon-gamma/metabolism
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus/immunology
- Toll-Like Receptor 5/agonists
- Toll-Like Receptor 5/metabolism
- Vaccines, Subunit/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Subunit/genetics
- Vaccines, Subunit/immunology
- Vaccines, Synthetic/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Synthetic/genetics
- Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology
- Viral Envelope Proteins/genetics
- Viral Envelope Proteins/immunology
- Viral Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Viral Vaccines/genetics
- Viral Vaccines/immunology
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23
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Beljanski V, Chiang C, Kirchenbaum GA, Olagnier D, Bloom CE, Wong T, Haddad EK, Trautmann L, Ross TM, Hiscott J. Enhanced Influenza Virus-Like Particle Vaccination with a Structurally Optimized RIG-I Agonist as Adjuvant. J Virol 2015; 89:10612-24. [PMID: 26269188 PMCID: PMC4580177 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01526-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED The molecular interaction between viral RNA and the cytosolic sensor RIG-I represents the initial trigger in the development of an effective immune response against infection with RNA viruses, resulting in innate immune activation and subsequent induction of adaptive responses. In the present study, the adjuvant properties of a sequence-optimized 5'-triphosphate-containing RNA (5'pppRNA) RIG-I agonist (termed M8) were examined in combination with influenza virus-like particles (VLP) (M8-VLP) expressing H5N1 influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) as immunogens. In combination with VLP, M8 increased the antibody response to VLP immunization, provided VLP antigen sparing, and protected mice from a lethal challenge with H5N1 influenza virus. M8-VLP immunization also led to long-term protective responses against influenza virus infection in mice. M8 adjuvantation of VLP increased endpoint and antibody titers and inhibited influenza virus replication in lungs compared with approved or experimental adjuvants alum, AddaVax, and poly(I·C). Uniquely, immunization with M8-VLP stimulated a TH1-biased CD4 T cell response, as determined by increased TH1 cytokine levels in CD4 T cells and increased IgG2 levels in sera. Collectively, these data demonstrate that a sequence-optimized, RIG-I-specific agonist is a potent adjuvant that can be utilized to increase the efficacy of influenza VLP vaccination and dramatically improve humoral and cellular mediated protective responses against influenza virus challenge. IMPORTANCE The development of novel adjuvants to increase vaccine immunogenicity is an important goal that seeks to improve vaccine efficacy and ultimately prevent infections that endanger human health. This proof-of-principle study investigated the adjuvant properties of a sequence-optimized 5'pppRNA agonist (M8) with enhanced capacity to stimulate antiviral and inflammatory gene networks using influenza virus-like particles (VLP) expressing HA and NA as immunogens. Vaccination with VLP in combination with M8 increased anti-influenza virus antibody titers and protected animals from lethal influenza virus challenge, highlighting the potential clinical use of M8 as an adjuvant in vaccine development. Altogether, the results describe a novel immunostimulatory agonist targeted to the cytosolic RIG-I sensor as an attractive vaccine adjuvant candidate that can be used to increase vaccine efficacy, a pressing issue in children and the elderly population.
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MESH Headings
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/administration & dosage
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/genetics
- Animals
- Antibodies, Viral/biosynthesis
- DEAD Box Protein 58
- DEAD-box RNA Helicases/chemistry
- DEAD-box RNA Helicases/genetics
- DEAD-box RNA Helicases/immunology
- Dendritic Cells/immunology
- Dendritic Cells/virology
- Female
- HEK293 Cells
- Hemagglutinins, Viral/chemistry
- Hemagglutinins, Viral/genetics
- Hemagglutinins, Viral/immunology
- Humans
- Immunity, Cellular/drug effects
- Immunity, Humoral/drug effects
- Immunization
- Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/drug effects
- Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/immunology
- Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/pathogenicity
- Influenza Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Influenza Vaccines/genetics
- Influenza Vaccines/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Neuraminidase/chemistry
- Neuraminidase/genetics
- Neuraminidase/immunology
- Oligoribonucleotides/administration & dosage
- Oligoribonucleotides/genetics
- Oligoribonucleotides/immunology
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections/immunology
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections/mortality
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections/prevention & control
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections/virology
- Primary Cell Culture
- Receptors, Immunologic
- Survival Analysis
- Th1-Th2 Balance/drug effects
- Vaccines, Virus-Like Particle/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Virus-Like Particle/genetics
- Vaccines, Virus-Like Particle/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Beljanski
- Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute of Florida, Port St. Lucie, Florida, USA
| | - Cindy Chiang
- Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute of Florida, Port St. Lucie, Florida, USA
| | - Greg A Kirchenbaum
- Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute of Florida, Port St. Lucie, Florida, USA
| | - David Olagnier
- Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute of Florida, Port St. Lucie, Florida, USA
| | - Chalise E Bloom
- Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute of Florida, Port St. Lucie, Florida, USA
| | - Terianne Wong
- Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute of Florida, Port St. Lucie, Florida, USA
| | - Elias K Haddad
- Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute of Florida, Port St. Lucie, Florida, USA
| | - Lydie Trautmann
- Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute of Florida, Port St. Lucie, Florida, USA
| | - Ted M Ross
- Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute of Florida, Port St. Lucie, Florida, USA
| | - John Hiscott
- Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute of Florida, Port St. Lucie, Florida, USA
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24
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Gupta S, Termini JM, Rivas Y, Otero M, Raffa FN, Bhat V, Farooq A, Stone GW. A multi-trimeric fusion of CD40L and gp100 tumor antigen activates dendritic cells and enhances survival in a B16-F10 melanoma DNA vaccine model. Vaccine 2015; 33:4798-806. [PMID: 26241951 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.07.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Revised: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Vaccination with tumor-associated antigens can induce cancer-specific CD8+ T cells. A recent improvement has been the targeting of antigen to dendritic cells (DC) using antibodies that bind DC surface molecules. This study explored the use of multi-trimers of CD40L to target the gp100 melanoma tumor antigen to DC. The spontaneously-multimerizing gene Surfactant Protein D (SPD) was used to fuse gp100 tumor antigen and CD40L, creating the recombinant protein SPD-gp100-CD40L. This "third generation" DC-targeting vaccine was designed to both target antigen to DC and optimally activate dendritic cells by aggregating CD40 trimers on the DC membrane surface. SPD-gp100-CD40L expressed as a 110kDa protein. Analytical light scattering analysis gave elution data corresponding to 4-trimer and multi-trimer SPD-gp100-CD40L oligomers. The protein was biologically active on dendritic cells and induced CD40-mediated NF-κB signaling. DNA vaccination with SPD-gp100-CD40L plasmid, together with plasmids encoding IL-12p70 and GM-CSF, significantly enhanced survival and inhibited tumor growth in a B16-F10 melanoma model. Expression of gp100 and SPD-CD40L as separate molecules did not enhance survival, highlighting the requirement to encode gp100 within SPD-CD40L for optimal vaccine activity. These data support a model where DNA vaccination with SPD-gp100-CD40L targets gp100 to DC in situ, induces activation of these DC, and generates a protective anti-tumor response when given in combination with IL-12p70 and GM-CSF plasmids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Gupta
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miami Center for AIDS Research, and the Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - James M Termini
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miami Center for AIDS Research, and the Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Yaelis Rivas
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miami Center for AIDS Research, and the Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Miguel Otero
- Department of Microbiology and Medical Zoology, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR, USA
| | - Francesca N Raffa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miami Center for AIDS Research, and the Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Vikas Bhat
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and the Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Amjad Farooq
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and the Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Geoffrey W Stone
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miami Center for AIDS Research, and the Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
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25
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Legentil L, Paris F, Ballet C, Trouvelot S, Daire X, Vetvicka V, Ferrières V. Molecular Interactions of β-(1→3)-Glucans with Their Receptors. Molecules 2015; 20:9745-66. [PMID: 26023937 PMCID: PMC6272582 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20069745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
β-(1→3)-Glucans can be found as structural polysaccharides in cereals, in algae or as exo-polysaccharides secreted on the surfaces of mushrooms or fungi. Research has now established that β-(1→3)-glucans can trigger different immune responses and act as efficient immunostimulating agents. They constitute prevalent sources of carbons for microorganisms after subsequent recognition by digesting enzymes. Nevertheless, mechanisms associated with both roles are not yet clearly understood. This review focuses on the variety of elucidated molecular interactions that involve these natural or synthetic polysaccharides and their receptors, i.e., Dectin-1, CR3, glycolipids, langerin and carbohydrate-binding modules.
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MESH Headings
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/genetics
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/metabolism
- Agaricales/genetics
- Agaricales/metabolism
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Antigens, CD/immunology
- Edible Grain/genetics
- Edible Grain/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Glucan 1,3-beta-Glucosidase/genetics
- Glucan 1,3-beta-Glucosidase/immunology
- Glycolipids/immunology
- Glycolipids/metabolism
- Humans
- Lectins, C-Type/genetics
- Lectins, C-Type/immunology
- Macrophage-1 Antigen/genetics
- Macrophage-1 Antigen/immunology
- Mannose-Binding Lectins/genetics
- Mannose-Binding Lectins/immunology
- Receptors, Scavenger/genetics
- Receptors, Scavenger/immunology
- Signal Transduction
- Stramenopiles/genetics
- Stramenopiles/metabolism
- beta-Glucans/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Legentil
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, CNRS, UMR 6226, 11 Allée de Beaulieu, CS 50837, 35708 Rennes Cedex 7, France.
- Université européenne de Bretagne, F-35000 Rennes, France.
| | - Franck Paris
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, CNRS, UMR 6226, 11 Allée de Beaulieu, CS 50837, 35708 Rennes Cedex 7, France.
- Université européenne de Bretagne, F-35000 Rennes, France.
| | - Caroline Ballet
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, CNRS, UMR 6226, 11 Allée de Beaulieu, CS 50837, 35708 Rennes Cedex 7, France.
- Université européenne de Bretagne, F-35000 Rennes, France.
| | - Sophie Trouvelot
- INRA, UMR AgroSup/INRA/uB 1347 Agroécologie, Pôle Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes-ERL CNRS 6300, 21065 Dijon Cedex, France.
| | - Xavier Daire
- INRA, UMR AgroSup/INRA/uB 1347 Agroécologie, Pôle Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes-ERL CNRS 6300, 21065 Dijon Cedex, France.
| | - Vaclav Vetvicka
- Department of Pathology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
| | - Vincent Ferrières
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, CNRS, UMR 6226, 11 Allée de Beaulieu, CS 50837, 35708 Rennes Cedex 7, France.
- Université européenne de Bretagne, F-35000 Rennes, France.
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26
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Kang H, Qi Y, Wang H, Zheng X, Gao Y, Li N, Yang S, Xia X. Chimeric rabies virus-like particles containing membrane-anchored GM-CSF enhances the immune response against rabies virus. Viruses 2015; 7:1134-52. [PMID: 25768031 PMCID: PMC4379564 DOI: 10.3390/v7031134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2014] [Revised: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Rabies remains an important public health threat in most developing countries. To develop a more effective and safe vaccine against rabies, we have constructed a chimeric rabies virus-like particle (VLP), which containing glycoprotein (G) and matrix protein (M) of rabies virus (RABV) Evelyn-Rokitnicki-Abelseth (ERA) strain, and membrane-anchored granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and it was named of EVLP-G. The immunogenicity and protective efficacy of EVLP-G against RABV were evaluated by intramuscular administration in a mouse model. The EVLP-G was successfully produced in insect cells by coinfection with three recombinant baculoviruses expressing G, M, and GM-CSF, respectively. The membrane-anchored GM-CSF possesses a strong adjuvant activity. More B cells and dendritic cells (DCs) were recruited and/or activated in inguinal lymph nodes in mice immunized with EVLP-G. EVLP-G was found to induce a significantly increased RABV-specific virus-neutralizing antibody and elicit a larger and broader antibody subclass responses compared with the standard rabies VLP (sRVLP, consisting of G and M). The EVLP-G also elicited significantly more IFN-γ- or IL-4-secreting CD4+ and CD8+ T cells than the sRVLP. Moreover, the immune responses induced by EVLP-G protect all vaccinated mice from lethal challenge with RABV. These results suggest that EVLP-G has the potential to be developed as a novel vaccine candidate for the prevention and control of animal rabies.
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MESH Headings
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/administration & dosage
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/genetics
- Animals
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/blood
- Antibodies, Viral/blood
- Antigens, Viral/genetics
- Antigens, Viral/immunology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Female
- Glycoproteins/genetics
- Glycoproteins/immunology
- Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor/administration & dosage
- Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor/genetics
- Injections, Intramuscular
- Interferon-gamma/metabolism
- Interleukin-4/metabolism
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Rabies/prevention & control
- Rabies Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Rabies Vaccines/genetics
- Rabies Vaccines/immunology
- Rabies virus/genetics
- Rabies virus/immunology
- Vaccines, Synthetic/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Synthetic/genetics
- Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology
- Vaccines, Virus-Like Particle/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Virus-Like Particle/genetics
- Vaccines, Virus-Like Particle/immunology
- Viral Envelope Proteins/genetics
- Viral Envelope Proteins/immunology
- Viral Matrix Proteins/genetics
- Viral Matrix Proteins/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongtao Kang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510642, China.
- Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Science, 666 Liuying West Road, Changchun 130122, China.
| | - Yinglin Qi
- Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Science, 666 Liuying West Road, Changchun 130122, China.
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xian Road, Changchun 130062, China.
| | - Hualei Wang
- Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Science, 666 Liuying West Road, Changchun 130122, China.
| | - Xuexing Zheng
- Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Science, 666 Liuying West Road, Changchun 130122, China.
| | - Yuwei Gao
- Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Science, 666 Liuying West Road, Changchun 130122, China.
| | - Nan Li
- Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Science, 666 Liuying West Road, Changchun 130122, China.
| | - Songtao Yang
- Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Science, 666 Liuying West Road, Changchun 130122, China.
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xian Road, Changchun 130062, China.
| | - Xianzhu Xia
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510642, China.
- Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Science, 666 Liuying West Road, Changchun 130122, China.
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xian Road, Changchun 130062, China.
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Chen YY, Lin CW, Huang WF, Chang JR, Su IJ, Hsu CH, Cheng HY, Hsu SC, Dou HY. Recombinant bacille Calmette-Guerin coexpressing Ag85b, CFP10, and interleukin-12 elicits effective protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J Microbiol Immunol Infect 2014; 50:90-96. [PMID: 25732698 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2014.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Revised: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 11/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The tuberculosis (TB) pandemic remains a leading cause of human morbidity and mortality, despite widespread use of the only licensed anti-TB vaccine, bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG). The protective efficacy of BCG in preventing pulmonary TB is highly variable; therefore, an effective new vaccine is urgently required. METHODS In the present study, we assessed the ability of novel recombinant BCG vaccine (rBCG) against Mycobacterium tuberculosis by using modern immunological methods. RESULTS Enzyme-linked immunospot assays demonstrated that the rBCG vaccine, which coexpresses two mycobacterial antigens (Ag85B and CFP10) and human interleukin (IL)-12 (rBCG2) elicits greater interferon-γ (IFN-γ) release in the mouse lung and spleen, compared to the parental BCG. In addition, rBCG2 triggers a Th1-polarized response. Our results also showed that rBCG2 vaccination significantly limits M. tuberculosis H37Rv multiplication in macrophages. The rBCG2 vaccine surprisingly induces significantly higher tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells that were exposed to a nonmycobacterial stimulus, compared to the parental BCG. CONCLUSION In this study, we demonstrated that the novel rBCG2 vaccine may be a promising candidate vaccine against M. tuberculosis infection.
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MESH Headings
- Acyltransferases/administration & dosage
- Acyltransferases/genetics
- Acyltransferases/immunology
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/administration & dosage
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/genetics
- Animals
- Antigens, Bacterial/administration & dosage
- Antigens, Bacterial/genetics
- Antigens, Bacterial/immunology
- Bacterial Proteins/administration & dosage
- Bacterial Proteins/genetics
- Bacterial Proteins/immunology
- Enzyme-Linked Immunospot Assay
- Female
- Humans
- Interferon-gamma/metabolism
- Interleukin-12/administration & dosage
- Interleukin-12/genetics
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/immunology
- Lung/immunology
- Macrophages/immunology
- Macrophages/microbiology
- Mice, Inbred C3H
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mycobacterium bovis/genetics
- Mycobacterium bovis/immunology
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis/growth & development
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis/immunology
- Spleen/immunology
- Th1 Cells/immunology
- Tuberculosis/prevention & control
- Tuberculosis Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Tuberculosis Vaccines/genetics
- Tuberculosis Vaccines/immunology
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism
- Vaccines, Synthetic/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Synthetic/genetics
- Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Yih-Yuan Chen
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Wei Lin
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Feng Huang
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Ru Chang
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Ih-Jen Su
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hao Hsu
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Han-Yin Cheng
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Ching Hsu
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Horng-Yunn Dou
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, Taiwan.
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Abstract
Alarmins are endogenous mediators that are elicited rapidly in response to danger signals, enhancing innate and adaptive immune responses by promoting the recruitment and maturation of antigen-presenting cells (APC). The nucleosome-binding protein HMGN1 is a potent alarmin that binds TLR4 and induces antigen-specific Th1 immune responses, but its contributions to antitumor immunity have not been explored. We found that ovalbumin (OVA)-expressing EG7 mouse thymoma cells grew much faster in Hmgn1-deficient mice than littermate-matched controls. Tumor-bearing Hmgn1(-/-) mice generated fewer OVA-specific CD8 cells in the spleen than EG7-bearing Hmgn1(+/+) mice, suggesting that HMGN1 supported T cell-mediated antitumor immunity. In addition, EG7 tumors expressing HMGN1 grew more slowly than control EG7 tumors, suggesting greater resistance to HMGN1-expressing tumors. This resistance relied on T cell-mediated immunity because it was abolished by in vivo depletion of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells. Moreover, mice vaccinated with a DNA vector expressing an HMGN1-gp100 fusion protein manifested gp100-specific, Th1-polarized immune responses, acquiring resistance to challenge with mouse B16F1 melanoma. Overall, our findings show that HMGN1 contributes to antitumor immunity and it may offer an effective adjuvant to heighten responses to cancer vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wei
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunoregulation, Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research (FNLCR), Frederick, MD 21702, USA
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital; Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - De Yang
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunoregulation, Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research (FNLCR), Frederick, MD 21702, USA
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital; Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300060, China
- Basic Research Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Lab, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Poonam Tewary
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunoregulation, Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research (FNLCR), Frederick, MD 21702, USA
- Basic Research Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Lab, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Yana Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunoregulation, Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research (FNLCR), Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Sandra Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunoregulation, Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research (FNLCR), Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Xin Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunoregulation, Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research (FNLCR), Frederick, MD 21702, USA
- Basic Research Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Lab, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - O. M. Zack Howard
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunoregulation, Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research (FNLCR), Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Michael Bustin
- Laboratory of Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Joost J. Oppenheim
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunoregulation, Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research (FNLCR), Frederick, MD 21702, USA
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29
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Wu N, LaPatra SE, Li J, Sunyer JO, Zhang YA. Complement C5a acts as molecular adjuvant in fish by enhancing antibody response to soluble antigen. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2014; 40:616-623. [PMID: 25149591 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2014.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Revised: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
C5a, the most potent anaphylatoxin generated during complement activation, has important pro-inflammatory actions and has also been shown to enhance antigen-specific antibody response in mammals, thereby acting as a molecular adjuvant. In rainbow trout, C5a has been shown to have a chemoattractant ability and its receptor has also been found on potential APCs. In this study, we tested the possible role of trout C5a as a molecular adjuvant. We demonstrated the presence of native C5a in trout serum using the antibody generated by recombinant trout C5a, and then we generated recombinant infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus glycoprotein (G), and a G-C5a fusion protein to test the adjuvant activity of trout C5a. Recombinant G-C5a displayed a potent chemoattractant activity in contrast to G alone, indicating that the C5a portion of the fusion protein was functional. Thereafter, G-C5a, partially emulsified in a small quantity of IFA, was injected into one group of trout, while the other group of trout was inoculated with the same dose of recombinant G. At four to sixteen weeks post-injection, the serum IgM antibody levels of the fish injected with recombinant G-C5a were obviously higher than those injected with G protein alone. Thus, these results suggest, for the first time, that C5a acts as molecular adjuvant in teleost fish by enhancing antibody response to a soluble antigen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Scott E LaPatra
- Clear Spring Foods, Inc., Research Division, Buhl, ID 83316, USA
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, Lake Superior State University, Sault Ste Marie, MI 49783, USA
| | - J Oriol Sunyer
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Yong-An Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China; Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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30
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Cao Y, Lv J, Meng L, Qu L, Shou C. [Role of molecular adjuvants TBhsp and MT in the preparation of monoclonal antibody against phosphatase of regenerating liver-3]. Xi Bao Yu Fen Zi Mian Yi Xue Za Zhi 2014; 30:614-626. [PMID: 24909283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the adjuvant effects of Mycobacterium tuberculosis heat shock protein (TBhsp) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis T cell stimulatory epitope (MT) in the preparation of the monoclonal antibody (mAb) against phosphatase of regenerating liver-3 (PRL-3). METHODS The prokaryotic expression vectors pET28a were used for the construction of pET28a-PRL-3 (control plasmids), pET28a-PRL-3-MT, pET28a-TBhsp-PRL-3 and pET28a- TBhsp-PRL-3-MT (recombinant plasmids). The various fusion proteins expressed in bacteria were purified and utilized to immunize the BALB/c mice, respectively. The serum level of specific anti-PRL-3 antibody was measured by ELISA. The mouse with the highest serum level of anti-PRL-3 antibody was selected to prepare mAb with hybridoma technique. The subclasses of mAb were identified. RESULTS The PRL-3 fusion proteins expressed from the four expression plasmids were purified successfully. The serum level of anti-PRL-3 antibody from the mice immunized with PRL-3-MT was the highest compared with the other immune groups. Ten hybridoma cell lines secreting anti-PRL-3 mAb were obtained after cell fusion and ELISA primary screening, and all of the mAb subclasses were IgG. CONCLUSION MT is a potentially effective molecular adjuvant in preparation of mAb specific for PRL-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfei Cao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Beijing Institute for Cancer Research, Beijing 100142; Department of Biochemistry, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi 046000, China
| | - Juan Lv
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Beijing Institute for Cancer Research, Beijing 100142; Department of Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Lin Meng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Beijing Institute for Cancer Research, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Like Qu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Beijing Institute for Cancer Research, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Chengchao Shou
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Beijing Institute for Cancer Research, Beijing 100142, China
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31
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Cai MH, Zhu F, Wu HC, Shen PP. A new recombinant hybrid polypeptide and its immunologic adjuvant activity for inactivated infectious bursal disease vaccine. Biotechnol Lett 2014; 36:1431-7. [PMID: 24652544 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-014-1499-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Both bursin (Lys-His-Gly-NH2) and Gagnon's peptides (Lys-Asn-Pro-Tyr) can induce B-cell differentiation. However, it is unclear whether a recombinant hybrid polypeptide consisting of a tandem array of 14 copies of bursin and two copies of Gagnon's peptide can induce the proliferative activity of lymphocytes. Here, this recombinant hybrid polypeptide was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified by SDS-PAGE. Various assays showed that it not only promoted B-lymphocyte proliferation in vitro but also increased the titers of antibodies directed against infectious bursal disease virus fourfold in the sera of chickens vaccinated with the inactivated infectious bursal disease virus vaccine. The recombinant hybrid polypeptide also reduced the pathological lesions in the bursa of Fabricius caused by infectious bursal disease virus BC6/85. Our results show that this recombinant hybrid polypeptide may be a promising immune adjuvant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-hong Cai
- School of Food and Biology Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China,
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32
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Kanagavelu S, Termini JM, Gupta S, Raffa FN, Fuller KA, Rivas Y, Philip S, Kornbluth RS, Stone GW. HIV-1 adenoviral vector vaccines expressing multi-trimeric BAFF and 4-1BBL enhance T cell mediated anti-viral immunity. PLoS One 2014; 9:e90100. [PMID: 24587225 PMCID: PMC3938597 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenoviral vectored vaccines have shown considerable promise but could be improved by molecular adjuvants. Ligands in the TNF superfamily (TNFSF) are potential adjuvants for adenoviral vector (Ad5) vaccines based on their central role in adaptive immunity. Many TNFSF ligands require aggregation beyond the trimeric state (multi-trimerization) for optimal biological function. Here we describe Ad5 vaccines for HIV-1 Gag antigen (Ad5-Gag) adjuvanted with the TNFSF ligands 4-1BBL, BAFF, GITRL and CD27L constructed as soluble multi-trimeric proteins via fusion to Surfactant Protein D (SP-D) as a multimerization scaffold. Mice were vaccinated with Ad5-Gag combined with Ad5 expressing one of the SP-D-TNFSF constructs or single-chain IL-12p70 as adjuvant. To evaluate vaccine-induced protection, mice were challenged with vaccinia virus expressing Gag (vaccinia-Gag) which is known to target the female genital tract, a major route of sexually acquired HIV-1 infection. In this system, SP-D-4-1BBL or SP-D-BAFF led to significantly reduced vaccinia-Gag replication when compared to Ad5-Gag alone. In contrast, IL-12p70, SP-D-CD27L and SP-D-GITRL were not protective. Histological examination following vaccinia-Gag challenge showed a dramatic lymphocytic infiltration into the uterus and ovaries of SP-D-4-1BBL and SP-D-BAFF-treated animals. By day 5 post challenge, proinflammatory cytokines in the tissue were reduced, consistent with the enhanced control over viral replication. Splenocytes had no specific immune markers that correlated with protection induced by SP-D-4-1BBL and SP-D-BAFF versus other groups. IL-12p70, despite lack of anti-viral efficacy, increased the total numbers of splenic dextramer positive CD8+ T cells, effector memory T cells, and effector Gag-specific CD8+ T cells, suggesting that these markers are poor predictors of anti-viral immunity in this model. In conclusion, soluble multi-trimeric 4-1BBL and BAFF adjuvants led to strong protection from vaccinia-Gag challenge, but the protection was independent of standard immune markers. Soluble multi-trimeric SP-D-4-1BBL and SP-D-BAFF provide a novel technology to enhance adenoviral vector vaccines against HIV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saravana Kanagavelu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miami Center for AIDS Research, and the Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - James M. Termini
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miami Center for AIDS Research, and the Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Sachin Gupta
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miami Center for AIDS Research, and the Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Francesca N. Raffa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miami Center for AIDS Research, and the Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Katherine A. Fuller
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miami Center for AIDS Research, and the Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Yaelis Rivas
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miami Center for AIDS Research, and the Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Sakhi Philip
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Richard S. Kornbluth
- Multimeric Biotherapeutics, Inc., La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Geoffrey W. Stone
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miami Center for AIDS Research, and the Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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33
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Mott KR, Allen SJ, Zandian M, Akbari O, Hamrah P, Maazi H, Wechsler SL, Sharpe AH, Freeman GJ, Ghiasi H. Inclusion of CD80 in HSV targets the recombinant virus to PD-L1 on DCs and allows productive infection and robust immune responses. PLoS One 2014; 9:e87617. [PMID: 24475315 PMCID: PMC3903765 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
CD80 plays a critical role in stimulation of T cells and subsequent control of infection. To investigate the effect of CD80 on HSV-1 infection, we constructed a recombinant HSV-1 virus that expresses two copies of the CD80 gene in place of the latency associated transcript (LAT). This mutant virus (HSV-CD80) expressed high levels of CD80 and had similar virus replication kinetics as control viruses in rabbit skin cells. In contrast to parental virus, this CD80 expressing recombinant virus replicated efficiently in immature dendritic cells (DCs). Additionally, the susceptibility of immature DCs to HSV-CD80 infection was mediated by CD80 binding to PD-L1 on DCs. This interaction also contributed to a significant increase in T cell activation. Taken together, these results suggest that inclusion of CD80 as a vaccine adjuvant may promote increased vaccine efficacy by enhancing the immune response directly and also indirectly by targeting to DC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin R. Mott
- Center for Neurobiology and Vaccine Development, Ophthalmology Research, Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Burns & Allen Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Sariah J. Allen
- Center for Neurobiology and Vaccine Development, Ophthalmology Research, Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Burns & Allen Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Mandana Zandian
- Center for Neurobiology and Vaccine Development, Ophthalmology Research, Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Burns & Allen Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Omid Akbari
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Pedram Hamrah
- Massachusetts Eye & Ear Infirmary, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Hadi Maazi
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Steven L. Wechsler
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, the Department of Ophthalmology, the Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, and the Center for Virus Research, University of California Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Arlene H. Sharpe
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Gordon J. Freeman
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Homayon Ghiasi
- Center for Neurobiology and Vaccine Development, Ophthalmology Research, Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Burns & Allen Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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34
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Low HZ, Reuter S, Topperwien M, Dankenbrink N, Peest D, Kabalak G, Stripecke R, Schmidt RE, Matthias T, Witte T. Association of the LILRA3 deletion with B-NHL and functional characterization of the immunostimulatory molecule. PLoS One 2013; 8:e81360. [PMID: 24363809 PMCID: PMC3867304 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 10/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
LILRA3 is the sole soluble member of the LILR family. Previous studies from our group had shown that a 6.7 kb genetic deletion of LILRA3 is associated with MS and Sjögren's syndrome. An impairment of the immune response leads to a predisposition for B-NHL, so we wanted to study whether the deletion of LILRA3 is also a risk factor for B-NHL, as well as the function of LILRA3. We discovered that the frequency of the homozygous LILRA3 deletion was significantly higher in B-NHL (6%) than in blood donors (3%) (P = 0.03). We detected binding of fluorochrome-conjugated recombinant LILRA3 to monocytes and B-cells. Incubation of PBMCs with recombinant LILRA3 induced proliferation of CD8(+) T-cells and NK cells, as determined by CFSE staining. Using a transwell system, we demonstrated that LILRA3-stimulated lymphocyte proliferation was mediated by monocytes and required both cell contact and soluble factors. Secretion of IL-6, IL-8, IL-1β and IL-10 in the cell supernatant was stimulated by LILRA3. We conclude that LILRA3 is an immunostimulatory molecule, whose deficiency is associated with higher frequency of B-NHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhi Low
- Clinic for Immunology and Rheumatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Michael Topperwien
- Clinic for Immunology and Rheumatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Nadine Dankenbrink
- Clinic for Immunology and Rheumatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Dietrich Peest
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Gamze Kabalak
- Clinic for Immunology and Rheumatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Renata Stripecke
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Reinhold E. Schmidt
- Clinic for Immunology and Rheumatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Torsten Witte
- Clinic for Immunology and Rheumatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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35
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Taechavasonyoo A, Hirono I, Kondo H. The immune-adjuvant effect of Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus IL-1β. Dev Comp Immunol 2013; 41:564-568. [PMID: 23850723 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2013.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Revised: 06/30/2013] [Accepted: 07/04/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
IL-1β is known as a pro-inflammatory cytokine and plays a pivotal role in regulating immune response. IL-1β has been shown to influence immune responses in Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus. To investigate the immune responses, a plasmid construct of pcDNA3.1-driven Japanese flounder IL-1β (pcDNA3.1-JFIL-1β) was co-injected into the muscle with Bovine serum albumin (BSA), as an antigen model, or pCI-neo driven with GFP (pCI-neo-GFP) as a vaccine model compared with the antigen or vaccine model alone, respectively. The IL-1β expression in the muscle was dramatically elevated in fish injected with pcDNA3.1-JFIL-1β on a day after injection, and the induction level was significantly higher than control groups. Moreover, pcDNA3.1-JFIL-1β significantly stimulated the gene expression of IL-1β in the kidney. The pcDNA3.1-JFIL-1β enhanced the antibody titer against BSA at 30 days after injection. In the DNA vaccine model, the antibody titer against GFP was also higher in the fish injected with pcDNA3.1-JFIL-1β than the group that injected pCI-neo-GFP alone. These results suggest that the pcDNA-driven Japanese flounder IL-1β could have potential immunoadjuvant effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apichaya Taechavasonyoo
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Graduate School of Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Konan 4-5-7, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan
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36
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Wu B, Zou Q, Hu Y, Wang B. Interleukin-22 as a molecular adjuvant facilitates IL-17-producing CD8+ T cell responses against a HBV DNA vaccine in mice. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2013; 9:2133-41. [PMID: 23941891 PMCID: PMC3906397 DOI: 10.4161/hv.26047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Revised: 07/19/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-22 (IL-22) is mainly produced by activated Th1 cells, Th17 cells and NK cells and promotes anti-microbial defense, pro-inflammatory and tissue remodeling responses. However, its potential use as a vaccine adjuvant has not been tested. In this study, we tested if a DNA construct expressing IL-22 (pVAX-IL-22) could be used as a molecular adjuvant to enhance host immune responses induced by HBV DNA vaccination (pcD-S2). After immunizing mice with pcD-S2 combined with pVAX-IL-22, we didn't find enhancement of HBsAg-specific antibody responses in comparison to mice immunized with pcD-S2 alone. However, there was an enhancement of the level of IL-17 expression in antigen specific CD8(+) cytotoxic T lymphocytes (Tc17). By using CD8 T-cell knockout (KO) and IL-17 KO mice, Tc17 cells were found to be a dominant population driving cytotoxicity. Importantly, there was a correlation between pVAX-IL-22 enhancement of T lymphocytes and a reduction of HBsAg-positive hepatocytes in HBsAg transgenic mice. These results demonstrate that IL-22 might be used as an effective adjuvant to enhance cellular immune responses during HBsAg DNA vaccination since it can induce Tc17 cells to break tolerance in HBsAg transgenic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Agro-Biotechnology; College of Biological Science; China Agricultural University; Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Zou
- State Key Laboratory for Agro-Biotechnology; College of Biological Science; China Agricultural University; Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yanxin Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine; China Agricultural University; Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Bin Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Agro-Biotechnology; College of Biological Science; China Agricultural University; Beijing, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of MOH and MOE; Fudan University Shanghai Medical College; Shanghai, P.R. China
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37
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Pridgeon JW, Klesius PH, Dominowski PJ, Yancey RJ, Kievit MS. Recombinant goose-type lysozyme in channel catfish: lysozyme activity and efficacy as plasmid DNA immunostimulant against Aeromonas hydrophila infection. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2013; 35:1309-1319. [PMID: 23978564 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2013.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Revised: 08/09/2013] [Accepted: 08/14/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were: 1) to investigate whether recombinant channel catfish lysozyme-g (CC-Lys-g) produced in Escherichia coli expression system possesses any lysozyme activity; and 2) to evaluate whether channel catfish lysozyme-g plasmid DNA could be used as an immunostimulant to protect channel catfish against Aeromonas hydrophila infection. Recombinant CC-Lys-g produced in E. coli expression system exhibited significant (P < 0.05) lytic activity against Gram-positive Micrococcus lysodeikticus and Gram-negative A. hydrophila. When pcDNA3.2-vectored recombinant channel catfish lysozyme-g (pcDNA-Lys-g) was transfected in channel catfish gill cells G1B, the over-expression of pcDNA-Lys-g offered significant (P < 0.05) protection to G1B cells against A. hydrophila infection. When channel catfish were intraperitoneally injected with pcDNA-Lys-g along with an adjuvant QCDCR, the transcriptional level of Lys-g was significantly (P < 0.05) increased. When pcDNA-Lys-g injected fish was challenged with a highly virulent A. hydrophila strain AL-09-71, pcDNA-Lys-g offered 100% protection to channel catfish at two days post DNA injection. Macrophages of fish injected with pcDNA-Lys-g produced significantly (P < 0.05) higher amounts of reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide than that of fish injected with pcDNA vector alone at two days post DNA injection. Taken together, our results suggest that pcDNA-Lys-g could be used as a novel immunostimulant to offer immediate protection to channel catfish against A. hydrophila infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia W Pridgeon
- Aquatic Animal Health Research Unit, USDA-ARS, 990 Wire Road, Auburn, AL 36832, USA.
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38
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Iankov ID, Federspiel MJ, Galanis E. Measles virus expressed Helicobacter pylori neutrophil-activating protein significantly enhances the immunogenicity of poor immunogens. Vaccine 2013; 31:4795-801. [PMID: 23948230 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.07.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Revised: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori neutrophil-activating protein (NAP) is a toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) agonist and potent immunomodulator inducing Th1-type immune response. Here we present data about characterization of the humoral immune response against NAP-tagged antigens, encoded by attenuated measles virus (MV) vector platform, in MV infection susceptible type I interferon receptor knockout and human CD46 transgenic (Ifnarko-CD46Ge) mice. Immunogenicity of MV expressing a full-length human immunoglobulin lambda light chain (MV-lambda) was compared to that of MV expressing lambda-NAP chimeric protein (MV-lambda-NAP). MV-lambda-NAP immunized Ifnarko-CD46Ge mice developed significantly higher (6-20-fold) anti-lambda ELISA titers as compared to the MV-lambda-immunized control animal group, indicating that covalently-linked NAP co-expression significantly enhanced lambda immunogenicity. In contrast, ELISA titers against MV antigens were not significantly different between the animals vaccinated with MV-lambda or MV-lambda-NAP. NAP-tagged antigen expression did not affect development of protective anti-measles immunity. Both MV-lambda and MV-lambda-NAP-immunized groups showed strong virus neutralization serum titers in plaque reduction microneutralization test. These results demonstrated that MV-encoded lambda-NAP is highly immunogenic as compared to the unmodified full-length lambda chain. Boost of immune response to poor immunogens using live vectors expressing NAP-tagged chimeric antigens is an attractive approach with potential application in immunoprophylaxis of infectious diseases and cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ianko D Iankov
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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39
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Zhao HG, Huang FY, Guo JL, Tan GH. Evaluation on the immune response induced by DNA vaccine encoding MIC8 co-immunized with IL-12 genetic adjuvant against Toxoplasma gondii infection. Zhongguo Ji Sheng Chong Xue Yu Ji Sheng Chong Bing Za Zhi 2013; 31:284-289. [PMID: 24812879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the immunoprotection effect induced by MIC8 DNA vaccine co-immunized with a plasmid encoding murine IL-12 (pcIL-12) as an adjuvant in mice against the challenge of Toxoplasma gondii. METHODS The gene sequence encoding MIC8 of T. gondii RH strain was inserted into eukaryotic expression vector pcDNA3.1 to construct the pcMIC8 expression plasmid. The recombinant plasmid was transfected into HeLa cells to test its expression and the recombinant protein was then characterized by Western blotting. Eighty Kunming mice were randomly divided into 5 groups (16 per group): 3 control groups (PBS, pcDNA3.1, and pcIL-12), pcMIC8 group, and pcMIC8 plus pcIL-12 group. Mice in the pcMIC8 plus pcIL-12 group were co-injected intramuscularly at a dosage of 100 microl each of pcMIC8 and pcIL-12 suspended in 100 microg sterile PBS. Mice in other groups were inoculated with PBS, pcDNA3.1, pcIL-12, and pcMIC8 respectively following the same protocol. All the mice received three immunizations at 2-week intervals. Serum samples were collected on day 0, 13, 27, 41, and 55 before each inoculation for determining antibody IgG, IgG subclass IgG2a. Four weeks after the final immunization, IFN-gamma and IL-4 levels in splenocytes cultures from immunized mice were detected by ELISA. The mice were challenged with 10(3) tachyzoites of the virulent T. gondii RH strain three weeks after the last immunization to observe the survival time. RESULTS Western blotting showed that the protein extracts in HeLa cells upon transfection with pcMIC8 were effectively expressed in cells. The levels of IgG (0.51 +/- 0.028) and IgG2a (0.261 +/- 0.04)(on day 55) in mice immunized with pcMIC8 plus pcIL-12 were higher than pcMIC8 group (497.65 +/- 98.15) and control groups (PBS 47.18 +/- 2.73, pcDNA3.1 50.08 +/- 4.62, pcIL-12 118.15 +/- 12.73) (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the level of IgG 1 and IL-4 among the five groups (P > 0.05). After a lethal challenge of T. gondii RH strain, the survival time in mice immunized with pcMIC8 plus pcIL-12 (15d) was prolonged in comparison to that of pcMIC8 (10d) and control groups (PBS 5 d, pcDNA3.1 6d, pcIL-12 8 d) (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The immune responses induced by the combined use of the recombinant plasmid encoding MIC8 of T. gondii with murine IL-2 gene adjuvant can be enhanced.
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40
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Wilson JT, Keller S, Manganiello MJ, Cheng C, Lee CC, Opara C, Convertine A, Stayton PS. pH-Responsive nanoparticle vaccines for dual-delivery of antigens and immunostimulatory oligonucleotides. ACS Nano 2013; 7:3912-25. [PMID: 23590591 PMCID: PMC4042837 DOI: 10.1021/nn305466z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 251] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Protein subunit vaccines offer important potential advantages over live vaccine vectors but generally elicit weaker and shorter-lived cellular immune responses. Here we investigate the use of pH-responsive, endosomolytic polymer nanoparticles that were originally developed for RNA delivery as vaccine delivery vehicles for enhancing cellular and humoral immune responses. Micellar nanoparticles were assembled from amphiphilic diblock copolymers composed of an ampholytic core-forming block and a redesigned polycationic corona block doped with thiol-reactive pyridyl disulfide groups to enable dual-delivery of antigens and immunostimulatory CpG oligodeoxynucleotide (CpG ODN) adjuvants. Polymers assembled into 23 nm particles with simultaneous packaging of CpG ODN and a thiolated protein antigen, ovalbumin (ova). Conjugation of ova to nanoparticles significantly enhanced antigen cross-presentation in vitro relative to free ova or an unconjugated, physical mixture of the parent compounds. Subcutaneous vaccination of mice with ova-nanoparticle conjugates elicited a significantly higher CD8(+) T cell response (0.5% IFN-γ(+) of CD8(+)) compared to mice vaccinated with free ova or a physical mixture of the two components. Significantly, immunization with ova-nanoparticle conjugates electrostatically complexed with CpG ODN (dual-delivery) enhanced CD8(+) T cell responses (3.4% IFN-γ(+) of CD8(+)) 7-, 18-, and 8-fold relative to immunization with conjugates, ova administered with free CpG, or a formulation containing free ova and CpG complexed to micelles, respectively. Similarly, dual-delivery carriers significantly increased CD4(+)IFN-γ(+) (Th1) responses and elicited a balanced IgG1/IgG2c antibody response. Intradermal administration further augmented cellular immune responses, with dual-delivery carriers inducing ∼7% antigen-specific CD8(+) T cells. This work demonstrates the ability of pH-responsive, endosomolytic nanoparticles to actively promote antigen cross-presentation and augment cellular and humoral immune responses via dual-delivery of protein antigens and CpG ODN. Hence, pH-responsive polymeric nanoparticles offer promise as a delivery platform for protein subunit vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Patrick S. Stayton
- Corresponding Author Box 355061, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195- 1721. Tel: (206) 685-8148.
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41
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Shim BS, Choi JA, Song HH, Park SM, Cheon IS, Jang JE, Woo SJ, Cho CH, Song MS, Kim H, Song KJ, Lee JM, Kim SW, Song DS, Choi YK, Kim JO, Nguyen HH, Kim DW, Bahk YY, Yun CH, Song MK. Sublingual administration of bacteria-expressed influenza virus hemagglutinin 1 (HA1) induces protection against infection with 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza virus. J Microbiol 2013; 51:130-5. [PMID: 23456722 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-013-2399-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Accepted: 01/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Influenza viruses are respiratory pathogens that continue to pose a significantly high risk of morbidity and mortality of humans worldwide. Vaccination is one of the most effective strategies for minimizing damages by influenza outbreaks. In addition, rapid development and production of efficient vaccine with convenient administration is required in case of influenza pandemic. In this study, we generated recombinant influenza virus hemagglutinin protein 1 (sHA1) of 2009 pandemic influenza virus as a vaccine candidate using a well-established bacterial expression system and administered it into mice via sublingual (s.l.) route. We found that s.l. immunization with the recombinant sHA1 plus cholera toxin (CT) induced mucosal antibodies as well as systemic antibodies including neutralizing Abs and provided complete protection against infection with pandemic influenza virus A/CA/04/09 (H1N1) in mice. Indeed, the protection efficacy was comparable with that induced by intramuscular (i.m.) immunization route utilized as general administration route of influenza vaccine. These results suggest that s.l. vaccination with the recombinant non-glycosylated HA1 protein offers an alternative strategy to control influenza outbreaks including pandemics.
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MESH Headings
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/administration & dosage
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/genetics
- Administration, Sublingual
- Animals
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/analysis
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/blood
- Antibodies, Viral/analysis
- Antibodies, Viral/blood
- Cholera Toxin/administration & dosage
- Cholera Toxin/genetics
- Disease Models, Animal
- Enzyme-Linked Immunospot Assay
- Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/genetics
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/immunology
- Immunity, Mucosal
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/genetics
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/immunology
- Influenza Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Influenza Vaccines/genetics
- Influenza Vaccines/immunology
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/immunology
- Lung/virology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections/prevention & control
- Serum/immunology
- Vaccines, Synthetic/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Synthetic/genetics
- Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology
- Viral Load
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Affiliation(s)
- Byoung-Shik Shim
- Laboratory Science Division, International Vaccine Institute, Seoul 151-919, Republic of Korea
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Sun R, Qiu L, Yue F, Wang L, Liu R, Zhou Z, Zhang H, Song L. Hemocytic immune responses triggered by CpG ODNs in shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2013; 34:38-45. [PMID: 23063537 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2012.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2012] [Revised: 08/21/2012] [Accepted: 09/12/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG ODNs), also called bacterial DNA or synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides, can induce apparent immunity protection against various pathogens, and they are widely used as functional immunostimulant or vaccine adjuvant in mammals. In the present study, CpG-rich plasmid pUC57-CpG was constructed and employed to stimulate the shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei, and the total hemocyte count, percentage of apoptotic hemocytes, regeneration of circulating hemocytes, the ability of phagocytosis and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were measured to reveal the possible protection mechanism of CpG ODNs. After the injection of pUC57-CpG, the total hemocyte count significantly decreased (p < 0.01) to 2.56 × 10(7) cell/mL at the first day post stimulation, while the apoptosis increased (p < 0.01), which was 1.72-fold of that in control group. At the same time, the regeneration of circulating hemocytes fluctuated in a similar trend, and a significant increase was observed at the first day post stimulation. The phagocytotic activity including the percentage of phagocytosis and phagocytotic index, experienced an upward tend during the whole experimental period and the ROS level increased by 22% (p < 0.05) compared to that in the control group at first day post stimulation. These results together suggested that pUC57-CpG could promote the apoptosis and regeneration of circulating hemocytes, and enhance the phagocytosis and ROS production, which might contribute to the boosted immunity against the infection of pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Sun
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
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Hongli L, Xukui L, Ting L, Wensheng L, Lusheng S, Jin Z. Transgenic tobacco expressed HPV16-L1 and LT-B combined immunization induces strong mucosal and systemic immune responses in mice. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2013; 9:83-9. [PMID: 23108357 PMCID: PMC3667950 DOI: 10.4161/hv.22292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2012] [Revised: 09/09/2012] [Accepted: 09/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although there are two HPV vaccines have been used to prevent cervical cancer, the cost limits their application in developing countries. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential value of plant-based HPV16L1 and LTB proteins as a high-efficiency, low-cost and easy-to-use HPV16L1 oral vaccine. RESULTS Transgenic plant-derived HPV16L1 and LTB were identified, which display potent immunogenicity and biologic activity. Higher levels of specific IgG and IgA levels of HPV16L1 were induced when mice were immunized with L1 combined with LTB by the oral route. The stimulation index (SI) of spleen cells from the L1/LTB-immunized group was significantly higher than that in the L1-immunized group (p < 0.05). The percentage of IFN-γ (+) /IL-4 (+) CD4 (+) T cells from the L1/LTB group was clearly increased compared with that in the L1 and control groups (p < 0.05). METHODS Plant-expressed HPV16L1 and LTB proteins were extracted from transgenic tobacco leaves, and their biologic characteristics and activity were examined with electron microscopy and GM1-binding assays respectively. Mice were immunized orally with either HPV16L1 or LTB alone or in combination. Induced mucosal and systemic immune responses were detected by ELISA, Hemagglutination inhibition (HAI), lymphocyte proliferation assays and flow cytometry analysis. CONCLUSION Strong mucosal and systemic immune responses were induced by transgenic tobacco derived HPV16-L1 and LTB combined immunization. This study will lay the foundation for the development of a new type of vaccine to decrease HPV16 infections, which may lead to the prevention of cervical cancer.
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MESH Headings
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/administration & dosage
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/genetics
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/isolation & purification
- Administration, Oral
- Animals
- Antibodies, Viral/blood
- Bacterial Toxins/administration & dosage
- Bacterial Toxins/genetics
- Bacterial Toxins/isolation & purification
- Capsid Proteins/genetics
- Capsid Proteins/immunology
- Capsid Proteins/isolation & purification
- Cell Proliferation
- Enterotoxins/administration & dosage
- Enterotoxins/genetics
- Enterotoxins/isolation & purification
- Escherichia coli Proteins/administration & dosage
- Escherichia coli Proteins/genetics
- Escherichia coli Proteins/isolation & purification
- Female
- Flow Cytometry
- Immunity, Mucosal
- Immunoglobulin A/analysis
- Immunoglobulin G/analysis
- Immunoglobulin G/blood
- Interferon-gamma/metabolism
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Oncogene Proteins, Viral/genetics
- Oncogene Proteins, Viral/immunology
- Oncogene Proteins, Viral/isolation & purification
- Papillomavirus Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Papillomavirus Vaccines/genetics
- Papillomavirus Vaccines/immunology
- Papillomavirus Vaccines/isolation & purification
- Plants, Genetically Modified
- Recombinant Proteins/administration & dosage
- Recombinant Proteins/genetics
- Recombinant Proteins/immunology
- Recombinant Proteins/isolation & purification
- Spleen/immunology
- Nicotiana
- Vaccination/methods
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Hongli
- First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College; Xi’an Jiaotong University; Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Li Xukui
- Stomatological Hospital of Medical College; Xi’an Jiaotong University; Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Lei Ting
- First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College; Xi’an Jiaotong University; Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Li Wensheng
- First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College; Xi’an Jiaotong University; Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Si Lusheng
- First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College; Xi’an Jiaotong University; Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Zheng Jin
- First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College; Xi’an Jiaotong University; Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China
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Dai J, Pei D, Wang B, Kuang Y, Ren L, Cao K, Wang H, Zuo B, Shao J, Li S, Li H, Li M. Molecular adjuvant Ag85A enhances protection against influenza A virus in mice following DNA vaccination. Viruses 2012; 4:3606-24. [PMID: 23223215 PMCID: PMC3528282 DOI: 10.3390/v4123606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2012] [Revised: 11/07/2012] [Accepted: 11/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel DNA vaccine vector encoding the Mycobacterium tuberculosis secreted antigen Ag85A fused with the influenza A virus (IAV) HA2 protein epitopes, pEGFP/Ag85A-sHA2 (pAg85A-sHA2), was designed to provide protection against influenza. The antigen encoded by the DNA vaccine vector was efficiently expressed in mammalian cells, as determined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and fluorescence analyses. Mice were immunized with the vaccine vector by intramuscular injection before challenge with A/Puerto Rico/8/34 virus (PR8 virus). Sera and the splenocyte culture IFN-γ levels were significantly higher in immunized mice compared with the control mice. The novel vaccine group showed a high neutralization antibody titer in vitro. The novel vaccine vector also reduced the viral loads, increased the survival rates in mice after the PR8 virus challenge and reduced the alveolar inflammatory cell numbers. Sera IL-4 concentrations were significantly increased in mice immunized with the novel vaccine vector on Day 12 after challenge with the PR8 virus. These results demonstrated that short HA2 (sHA2) protein epitopes may provide protection against the PR8 virus and that Ag85A could strengthen the immune response to HA2 epitopes, thus, Ag85A may be developed as a new adjuvant for influenza vaccines.
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MESH Headings
- Acyltransferases/administration & dosage
- Acyltransferases/genetics
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/administration & dosage
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/genetics
- Animals
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/blood
- Antibodies, Viral/blood
- Antigens, Bacterial/administration & dosage
- Antigens, Bacterial/genetics
- Cell Line
- Female
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/genetics
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/immunology
- Humans
- Influenza A virus/genetics
- Influenza A virus/immunology
- Influenza Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Influenza Vaccines/immunology
- Interferon-gamma/blood
- Interferon-gamma/metabolism
- Interleukin-4/blood
- Interleukin-4/metabolism
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/immunology
- Lung/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Spleen/immunology
- Survival Analysis
- Vaccination/methods
- Vaccines, DNA/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, DNA/immunology
- Vaccines, Synthetic/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology
- Viral Load
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Dai
- Department of Microbiology, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
- Department of Pathobiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050091, China
| | - Decui Pei
- Department of Microbiology, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Baoning Wang
- Department of Microbiology, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Yu Kuang
- Department of Microbiology, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Laifeng Ren
- Department of Microbiology, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Kang Cao
- Department of Microbiology, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Department of Microbiology, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Bin Zuo
- Department of Microbiology, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Jingjing Shao
- Department of Microbiology, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Sha Li
- Department of Microbiology, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Hong Li
- The Joint Research Center of West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Mingyuan Li
- Department of Microbiology, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel. +86-028-8550-1267
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Hu YH, Dang W, Zhang M, Sun L. Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) Hsp70: adjuvant effect and its dependence on the intrinsic ATPase activity. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2012; 33:829-834. [PMID: 22898664 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2012.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2012] [Revised: 06/29/2012] [Accepted: 07/26/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Heat shock protein (Hsp) 70 is a molecular chaperone that plays an important role in protein folding and transport. In addition, Hsp70 is also involved in regulation of innate and adaptive immune response. In this study, we examined the biological activity and the immunomodulatory property of an Hsp70 homologue, PoHsp70, from Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). Recombinant PoHsp70 purified from Escherichia coli exhibits apparent ATPase activity; however, a mutant PoHsp70, PoHsp70M, that bears mutation of the ATPase-associated domain, was completely abolished in activity. Expression of PoHsp70 was upregulated in a time-dependent manner by vaccination of flounder with a DNA vaccine, pSia10, that expresses a Streptococcus iniae antigen, Sia10. To examine whether PoHsp70 possessed any adjuvant potential, the DNA vaccine plasmids pSia10Hsp70 and pSia10Hsp70M were constructed. pSia10Hsp70 co-expresses Sia10 and PoHsp70, while pSia10Hsp70M co-expresses Sia10 and PoHsp70M. Following vaccination of flounder, production of Sia10 plus PoHsp70 and Sia10 plus PoHsp70M was detected in pSia10Hsp70- and pSia10Hsp70M-vaccinated fish respectively. At one month post-vaccination, comparable levels of serum antibodies were detected in fish vaccinated with pSia10Hsp70, pSia10Hsp70M, and pSia10. Subsequent protection analysis showed that, following S. iniae challenge, pSia10Hsp70 induced a survival rate that was significantly higher than that induced by pSia10, while pSia10Hsp70M induced a survival rate similar to that induced by pSia10. These results indicate that PoHsp70 is an effective adjuvant and that the adjuvanticity of PoHsp70 requires the intrinsic ATPase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-hua Hu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China
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Forbes EK, de Cassan SC, Llewellyn D, Biswas S, Goodman AL, Cottingham MG, Long CA, Pleass RJ, Hill AVS, Hill F, Draper SJ. T cell responses induced by adenoviral vectored vaccines can be adjuvanted by fusion of antigen to the oligomerization domain of C4b-binding protein. PLoS One 2012; 7:e44943. [PMID: 22984589 PMCID: PMC3440343 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2011] [Accepted: 08/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral vectored vaccines have been shown to induce both T cell and antibody responses in animals and humans. However, the induction of even higher level T cell responses may be crucial in achieving vaccine efficacy against difficult disease targets, especially in humans. Here we investigate the oligomerization domain of the α-chain of C4b-binding protein (C4 bp) as a candidate T cell “molecular adjuvant” when fused to malaria antigens expressed by human adenovirus serotype 5 (AdHu5) vectored vaccines in BALB/c mice. We demonstrate that i) C-terminal fusion of an oligomerization domain can enhance the quantity of antigen-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses induced in mice after only a single immunization of recombinant AdHu5, and that the T cells maintain similar functional cytokine profiles; ii) an adjuvant effect is observed for AdHu5 vectors expressing either the 42 kDa C-terminal domain of Plasmodium yoelii merozoite surface protein 1 (PyMSP142) or the 83 kDa ectodomain of P. falciparum strain 3D7 apical membrane antigen 1 (PfAMA1), but not a candidate 128kDa P. falciparum MSP1 biallelic fusion antigen; iii) following two homologous immunizations of AdHu5 vaccines, antigen-specific T cell responses are further enhanced, however, in both BALB/c mice and New Zealand White rabbits no enhancement of functional antibody responses is observed; and iv) that the T cell adjuvant activity of C4 bp is not dependent on a functional Fc-receptor γ-chain in the host, but is associated with the oligomerization of small (<80 kDa) antigens expressed by recombinant AdHu5. The oligomerization domain of C4 bp can thus adjuvant T cell responses induced by AdHu5 vectors against selected antigens and its clinical utility as well as mechanism of action warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily K. Forbes
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | | | - David Llewellyn
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sumi Biswas
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Anna L. Goodman
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Carole A. Long
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases/National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | | | | | | | - Simon J. Draper
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Qiu X, Hong C, Li Y, Bao W, Gao XM. Calreticulin as a hydrophilic chimeric molecular adjuvant enhances IgG responses to the spike protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus. Microbiol Immunol 2012; 56:554-61. [PMID: 22530918 PMCID: PMC7168421 DOI: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.2012.00467.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2011] [Revised: 03/15/2012] [Accepted: 04/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Fragment 450-650 of the spike (S) protein (S450-650) of severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) contains epitopes capable of being recognized by convalescent sera of SARS patients. Vaccination of mice with recombinant S450-650 (rS450-650) can induce Abs against SARS-CoV, although the titer is relatively low. In the present study, a fusion protein linking a fragment (residues 39-272) of murine calreticulin (CRT) to S450-650 in a prokaryotic expression system was created. Compared with target antigen alone, the recombinant fusion product (rS450-650-CRT) has much improved hydrophilicity and immunogenicity. The S450-650-specific IgG Abs of BALB/c mice subcutaneously immunized with rS450-650-CRT were in substantially higher titer (approximately fivefold more). Furthermore, the fusion protein, but not rS450-650 alone, was able to elicit S450-650-specific IgG responses in T cell deficient nude mice. Given that rCRT/39-272 can drive the maturation of bone-marrow-derived dendritic cells, directly activate macrophages and B cells, and also elicit helper T cell responses in vivo, we propose that fragment 39-272 of CRT is an effective molecular adjuvant capable of enhancing target Ag-specific humoral responses in both a T cell-dependent and independent manner. Fusion protein rS450-650-CRT is a potential candidate vaccine against SARS-CoV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Qiu
- Department of Immunology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
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48
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Kar UK, Jiang J, Champion CI, Salehi S, Srivastava M, Sharma S, Rabizadeh S, Niazi K, Kickhoefer V, Rome LH, Kelly KA. Vault nanocapsules as adjuvants favor cell-mediated over antibody-mediated immune responses following immunization of mice. PLoS One 2012; 7:e38553. [PMID: 22808011 PMCID: PMC3394761 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0038553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2011] [Accepted: 05/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Modifications of adjuvants that induce cell-mediated over antibody-mediated immunity is desired for development of vaccines. Nanocapsules have been found to be viable adjuvants and are amenable to engineering for desired immune responses. We previously showed that natural nanocapsules called vaults can be genetically engineered to elicit Th1 immunity and protection from a mucosal bacterial infection. The purpose of our study was to characterize immunity produced in response to OVA within vault nanoparticles and compare it to another nanocarrier. Methodology and Principal Findings We characterized immunity resulting from immunization with the model antigen, ovalbumin (OVA) encased in vault nanocapsules and liposomes. We measured OVA responsive CD8+ and CD4+ memory T cell responses, cytokine production and antibody titers in vitro and in vivo. We found that immunization with OVA contain in vaults induced a greater number of anti-OVA CD8+ memory T cells and production of IFNγ plus CD4+ memory T cells. Also, modification of the vault body could change the immune response compared to OVA encased in liposomes. Conclusions/Significance These experiments show that vault nanocapsules induced strong anti-OVA CD8+ and CD4+ T cell memory responses and modest antibody production, which markedly differed from the immune response induced by liposomes. We also found that the vault nanocapsule could be modified to change antibody isotypes in vivo. Thus it is possible to create a vault nanocapsule vaccine that can result in the unique combination of immunogen-responsive CD8+ and CD4+ T cell immunity coupled with an IgG1 response for future development of vault nanocapsule-based vaccines against antigens for human pathogens and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Upendra K. Kar
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Janina Jiang
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Cheryl I. Champion
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Sahar Salehi
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Minu Srivastava
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Veteran’s Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Sherven Sharma
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Veteran’s Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Shahrooz Rabizadeh
- Department of Bioengineering, Samueli School of Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Kayvan Niazi
- Department of Bioengineering, Samueli School of Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Valerie Kickhoefer
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Leonard H. Rome
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Kathleen A. Kelly
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Kanagavelu SK, Snarsky V, Termini JM, Gupta S, Barzee S, Wright JA, Khan WN, Kornbluth RS, Stone GW. Soluble multi-trimeric TNF superfamily ligand adjuvants enhance immune responses to a HIV-1 Gag DNA vaccine. Vaccine 2011; 30:691-702. [PMID: 22146759 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.11.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2011] [Revised: 11/21/2011] [Accepted: 11/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND DNA vaccines remain an important component of HIV vaccination strategies, typically as part of a prime/boost vaccination strategy with viral vector or protein boost. A number of DNA prime/viral vector boost vaccines are currently being evaluated for both preclinical studies and in Phase I and Phase II clinical trials. These vaccines would benefit from molecular adjuvants that increase correlates of immunity during the DNA prime. While HIV vaccine immune correlates are still not well defined, there are a number of immune assays that have been shown to correlate with protection from viral challenge including CD8+ T cell avidity, antigen-specific proliferation, and polyfunctional cytokine secretion. METHODOLOGY AND PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Recombinant DNA vaccine adjuvants composed of a fusion between Surfactant Protein D (SP-D) and either CD40 Ligand (CD40L) or GITR Ligand (GITRL) were previously shown to enhance HIV-1 Gag DNA vaccines. Here we show that similar fusion constructs composed of the TNF superfamily ligands (TNFSFL) 4-1BBL, OX40L, RANKL, LIGHT, CD70, and BAFF can also enhanced immune responses to a HIV-1 Gag DNA vaccine. BALB/c mice were vaccinated intramuscularly with plasmids expressing secreted Gag and SP-D-TNFSFL fusions. Initially, mice were analyzed 2 weeks or 7 weeks following vaccination to evaluate the relative efficacy of each SP-D-TNFSFL construct. All SP-D-TNFSFL constructs enhanced at least one Gag-specific immune response compared to the parent vaccine. Importantly, the constructs SP-D-4-1BBL, SP-D-OX40L, and SP-D-LIGHT enhanced CD8+ T cell avidity and CD8+/CD4+ T cell proliferation 7 weeks post vaccination. These avidity and proliferation data suggest that 4-1BBL, OX40L, and LIGHT fusion constructs may be particularly effective as vaccine adjuvants. Constructs SP-D-OX40L, SP-D-LIGHT, and SP-D-BAFF enhanced Gag-specific IL-2 secretion in memory T cells, suggesting these adjuvants can increase the number of self-renewing Gag-specific CD8+ and/or CD4+ T cells. Finally adjuvants SP-D-OX40L and SP-D-CD70 increased T(H)1 (IgG2a) but not T(H)2 (IgG1) antibody responses in the vaccinated animals. Surprisingly, the B cell-activating protein BAFF did not enhance anti-Gag antibody responses when given as an SP-D fusion adjuvant, but nonetheless enhanced CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses. CONCLUSIONS We present evidence that various SP-D-TNFSFL fusion constructs can enhance immune responses following DNA vaccination with HIV-1 Gag expression plasmid. These data support the continued evaluation of SP-D-TNFSFL fusion proteins as molecular adjuvants for DNA and/or viral vector vaccines. Constructs of particular interest included SP-D-OX40L, SP-D-4-1BBL, SP-D-LIGHT, and SP-D-CD70. SP-D-BAFF was surprisingly effective at enhancing T cell responses, despite its inability to enhance anti-Gag antibody secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saravana K Kanagavelu
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, United States
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Li J, Pei H, Zhu B, Liang L, Wei M, He Y, Chen N, Li D, Huang Q, Fan C. Self-assembled multivalent DNA nanostructures for noninvasive intracellular delivery of immunostimulatory CpG oligonucleotides. ACS Nano 2011; 5:8783-9. [PMID: 21988181 DOI: 10.1021/nn202774x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 540] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Designed oligonucleotides can self-assemble into DNA nanostructures with well-defined structures and uniform sizes, which provide unprecedented opportunities for biosensing, molecular imaging, and drug delivery. In this work, we have developed functional, multivalent DNA nanostructures by appending unmethylated CpG motifs to three-dimensional DNA tetrahedra. These small-sized functional nanostructures are compact, mechanically stable, and noncytotoxic. We have demonstrated that DNA nanostructures are resistant to nuclease degradation and remain substantially intact in fetal bovine serum and in cells for at least several hours. Significantly, these functional nanostructures can noninvasively and efficiently enter macrophage-like RAW264.7 cells without the aid of transfection agents. After they are uptaken by cells, CpG motifs are recognized by the Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) that activates downstream pathways to induce immunostimulatory effects, producing high-level secretion of various pro-inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-12. We also show that multivalent CpG motifs greatly enhance the immunostimulatory effect of the nanostructures. Given the high efficacy of these functional nanostructures and their noncytotoxic nature, we expect that DNA nanostructures will become a promising tool for targeted drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Li
- Laboratory of Physical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
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